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Li J, Hu W, Liu M, Tian Y, He M, Liu H. Simultaneous determination of folic acid photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300763. [PMID: 38576331 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) is easily photodegraded to yield 6-formylpterin and pterin-6-carboxylic acid, which can generate reactive oxygen species and result in the formation of oxidized guanine derivatives such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxy-guanosine. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry strategy for the simultaneous determination of FA photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 5.0 μm) with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Plasma samples were first pretreated with 1% formic acid, followed by protein precipitation with methanol. The developed method showed good linear relationships between 1 and 2000 ng/mL (r2 > 0.99). The intra- and inter-day precisions ranged from 2.6% to 7.5% and from 2.5% to 6.5%, respectively. Recoveries of the analytes were between 75.4% and 112.4% with the relative standard deviation < 9.1%. Finally, the method was applied to quantify FA photolysis products and oxidized guanine derivatives in rats with light and non-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yingqi Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Manni He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Wang VA, Leung M, Liu M, Modest AM, Hacker MR, Gupta M, Zilli Vieira CL, Weisskopf MG, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Papatheodorou S, Koutrakis P. Association between gestational exposure to solar activity and pregnancy loss using live births from a Massachusetts-based medical center. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117742. [PMID: 38007077 PMCID: PMC10843533 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar activity has been linked to biological mechanisms important to pregnancy, including folate and melatonin levels and inflammatory markers. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between gestational solar activity and pregnancy loss. METHODS Our study included 71,963 singleton births conceived in 2002-2016 and delivered at an academic medical center in Eastern Massachusetts. We studied several solar activity metrics, including sunspot number, Kp index, and ultraviolet radiation, with data from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. We used a novel time series analytic approach to investigate associations between each metric from conception through 24 weeks of gestation and the number of live birth-identified conceptions (LBICs) -the total number of conceptions in each week that result in a live birth. This approach fits distributed lag models to data on LBICs, adjusted for time trends, and allows us to infer associations between pregnancy exposure and pregnancy loss. RESULTS Overall, the association between solar activity during pregnancy and pregnancy loss varied by exposure metric. For sunspot number, we found that an interquartile range increase in sunspot number (78·7 sunspots) in all of the first 24 weeks of pregnancy was associated with 14·0 (95% CI: 6·5, 21·3) more pregnancy losses out of the average 92 LBICs in a week, and exposure in weeks ten through thirteen was identified as a critical window. Although not statistically significant, higher exposure to Kp index and to UV radiation across all 24 weeks of pregnancy was associated with more and less pregnancy losses, respectively. CONCLUSION While exposure to certain metrics of solar activity (i.e., sunspot number) throughout the first 24 weeks of pregnancy may be associated with pregnancy losses, exposure to other metrics were not. Solar activity is a complex phenomenon, and more studies are needed to clarify underlying pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Modest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina L Zilli Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Lucock MD. Vitomics: A novel paradigm for examining the role of vitamins in human biology. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300127. [PMID: 37727095 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The conventional view of vitamins reflects a diverse group of small molecules that facilitate critical aspects of metabolism and prevent potentially fatal deficiency syndromes. However, vitamins also contribute to the shaping and maintenance of the human phenome over lifecycle and evolutionary timescales, enabling a degree of phenotypic plasticity that operates to allow adaptive responses that are appropriate to key periods of sensitivity (i.e., epigenetic response during prenatal development within the lifecycle or as an evolved response to environmental challenge over a great many lifecycles). Individually, vitamins are important, but their effect is often based on nutrient-nutrient (vitamin-vitamin), nutrient-gene (vitamin-gene), and gene-gene interactions, and the environmental influence of shifting geophysical cycles, as well as evolving cultural practices. These ideas will be explored within what I refer to as the "adaptive vitome (vitomics)" paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
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Wang VA, Leung M, Modest AM, Zilli Vieira CL, Hacker MR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Papatheodorou S. Associations of solar activity and related exposures with fetal growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163862. [PMID: 37142041 PMCID: PMC10330664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solar and geomagnetic activity have been shown to suppress melatonin and to degrade folate levels, important hormones for fetal development. We examined whether solar and geomagnetic activity were associated with fetal growth. METHODS We included 9573 singleton births with 26,879 routine ultrasounds at an academic medical center in Eastern Massachusetts from 2011 through 2016. Sunspot number and Kp index were obtained from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Three exposure windows were considered, including the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, one month prior to fetal growth measurement, and conception until fetal growth measurement (cumulative). Ultrasound scans from which we extracted biparietal diameter, head circumference, femur length, and abdominal circumference measurements were categorized as anatomic (<24 weeks' gestation) or growth scans (≥24 weeks' gestation) based on clinical practice. Ultrasound parameters and birth weight were standardized, and linear mixed models adjusted for long-term trends were fitted. RESULTS Prenatal exposures were positively associated with larger head parameters measured <24 weeks' gestation, negatively associated with smaller fetal parameters measured ≥24 weeks' gestation, and not associated with birth weight. The strongest associations were observed for cumulative exposure in growth scans, where an interquartile range increase in sunspot number (32.87 sunspots) was associated with a -0.17 (95 % CI: -0.26, -0.08), -0.25 (-0.36, -0.15), and -0.13 (95 % CI: -0.23, -0.03) difference in mean biparietal diameter, head circumference, and femur length z-score, respectively. An interquartile range increase in cumulative Kp index (0.49) was associated with a -0.11 (95 % CI: -0.22, -0.01) and -0.11 (95 % CI: -0.20, -0.02) difference in mean head circumference and abdominal circumference z-score, respectively, in growth scans. CONCLUSIONS Solar and geomagnetic activity were associated with fetal growth. Future studies are needed to better understand the impact of these natural phenomena on clinical endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Modest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carolina L Zilli Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Park SS, Lee YG, Park SJ. Estimation of Inactivation time for the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the UV biometer in South Korea. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2023; 16:1-17. [PMID: 37359390 PMCID: PMC10158692 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-023-01360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a result of the infection by "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and has caused various social and economic effects over the globe. As the SARS-CoV-2 is effectively inactivated by the exposure to the UV-B radiation (shorter than 315 nm), the exposure time for inactivation of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated using the broadband UV observation instrument over 11 observation sites in South Korea. For the limitation of the UV biometer, which has limited spectral information, the coefficient for conversion from the erythemal UV (EUV) to the radiation for virus inactivation was adopted before estimating the inactivation time. The inactivation time of SARS-CoV-2 is significantly dependent on seasonal and diurnal variations due to the temporal variations of surface incident UV irradiance. The inactivation times in summer and winter were around 10 and 50 min, respectively. The inactivation time was unidentified during winter afternoons due to the weak spectral UV solar radiation in winter. As the estimation of inactivation time using broadband observation includes the uncertainty due to the conversion coefficient and the error due to the solar irradiance, the sensitivity analysis of the inactivation time estimation was also conducted by changing the UV irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Seo Park
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yun Gon Lee
- Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Astronomy, Space Science, and Geology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Park
- Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Astronomy, Space Science, and Geology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Lucock MD. The evolution of human skin pigmentation: A changing medley of vitamins, genetic variability, and UV radiation during human expansion. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 180:252-271. [PMID: 36790744 PMCID: PMC10083917 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
This review examines putative, yet likely critical evolutionary pressures contributing to human skin pigmentation and subsequently, depigmentation phenotypes. To achieve this, it provides a synthesis of ideas that frame contemporary thinking, without limiting the narrative to pigmentation genes alone. It examines how geography and hence the quality and quantity of UV exposure, pigmentation genes, diet-related genes, vitamins, anti-oxidant nutrients, and cultural practices intersect and interact to facilitate the evolution of human skin color. The article has a strong focus on the vitamin D-folate evolutionary model, with updates on the latest biophysical research findings to support this paradigm. This model is examined within a broad canvas that takes human expansion out of Africa and genetic architecture into account. A thorough discourse on the biology of melanization is provided (includes relationship to BH4 and DNA damage repair), with the relevance of this to the UV sensitivity of folate and UV photosynthesis of vitamin D explained in detail, including the relevance of these vitamins to reproductive success. It explores whether we might be able to predict vitamin-related gene polymorphisms that pivot metabolism to the prevailing UVR exposome within the vitamin D-folate evolutionary hypothesis context. This is discussed in terms of a primary adaptive phenotype (pigmentation/depigmentation), a secondary adaptive phenotype (flexible metabolic phenotype based on vitamin-related gene polymorphism profile), and a tertiary adaptive strategy (dietary anti-oxidants to support the secondary adaptive phenotype). Finally, alternative evolutionary models for pigmentation are discussed, as are challenges to future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastleOurimbahNew South WalesAustralia
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7
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Alhameedy MM, Basendwh MA. Influence of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy on serum folate level in skin of color females: A cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 8:e005. [PMID: 35620029 PMCID: PMC9112384 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) (311-312 nm) is widely used for dermatological conditions with a favorable side-effect profile during pregnancy. Recently published data showed that NB-UVB might decrease serum folate level in Fitzpatrick skin phenotype I-III, especially at higher doses; this may predispose newborns to neural tube defects. Objective To compare serum folate levels of skin of color females treated with NB-UVB and healthy females of childbearing age, as well as to note whether subsequent complications have been observed, if any. Methods Multicenter, cross-sectional study of 30 females (N = 30): 15 female patients undergoing NB-UVB phototherapy as well as 15 age-, gender-, and skin phenotype-matched healthy volunteers who were enrolled into the study after excluding factors known to alter serum folate concentration. NB-UVB exposures were performed 2-3 times a week for at least 8-12 weeks (mean cumulative NB-UVB dose ± standard deviation [SD] was 55 ± 79 J/cm2). Results Mean serum folate ± SD in NB-UVB exposed and healthy controls were 10.3 ± 4 and 8.3 ± 3 ng/mL, respectively. This was not a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P = .14). Limitations Small sample size (N = 30) and a cross-sectional study type. Conclusion Cumulative NB-UVB exposure is not associated with a statistically significant difference in serum folate level (P > .05) in skin of color females of childbearing age in comparison to age-, gender-, and skin phenotype-matched healthy females, even with the relatively higher cumulative doses (mean ± SD was 55 ± 79 J/cm2) that have been shown to reduce serum folate level in lighter skin phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal M. Alhameedy
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Basendwh
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lucock MD, Jones PR, Veysey M, Thota R, Garg M, Furst J, Martin C, Yates Z, Scarlett CJ, Jablonski NG, Chaplin G, Beckett EL. Biophysical evidence to support and extend the vitamin D-folate hypothesis as a paradigm for the evolution of human skin pigmentation. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23667. [PMID: 34418235 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the "vitamin D-folate hypothesis for the evolution of human skin pigmentation." METHODS Total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) satellite data were used to examine surface UV-irradiance in a large (n = 649) Australian cross-sectional study population. Genetic analysis was used to score vitamin D- and folate-related gene polymorphisms (n = 22), along with two pigmentation gene variants (IRF4-rs12203592/HERC2-rs12913832). Red cell folate and vitamin D3 were measured by immunoassay and HPLC, respectively. RESULTS Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and pigmentation genes interact to modify blood vitamin levels; Light skin IRF4-TT genotype has greatest folate loss while light skin HERC2-GG genotype has greatest vitamin D3 synthesis (reflected in both TOMS and seasonal data). UV-wavelength exhibits a dose-response relationship in folate loss within light skin IRF4-TT genotype (305 > 310 > 324 > 380 nm). Significant vitamin D3 photosynthesis only occurs within light skin HERC2-GG genotype, and is maximal at 305 nm. Three dietary antioxidants (vitamins C, E, and β-carotene) interact with UVR and pigmentation genes preventing oxidative loss of labile reduced folate vitamers, with greatest benefit in light skin IRF4-TT subjects. The putative photosensitiser, riboflavin, did not sensitize red cell folate to UVR and actually afforded protection. Four genes (5xSNPs) influenced blood vitamin levels when stratified by pigmentation genotype; MTHFR-rs1801133/rs1801131, TS-rs34489327, CYP24A-rs17216707, and VDR-ApaI-rs7975232. Lightest IRF4-TT/darkest HERC2-AA genotype combination (greatest folate loss/lowest vitamin D3 synthesis) has 0% occurrence. The opposing, commonest (39%) compound genotype (darkest IRF4-CC/lightest HERC2-GG) permits least folate loss and greatest synthesis of vitamin D3 . CONCLUSION New biophysical evidence supports the vitamin D-folate hypothesis for evolution of skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Lucock
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrice R Jones
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rohith Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Metabolism and Nutrition, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Manohar Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Furst
- Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlotte Martin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe Yates
- Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J Scarlett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nina G Jablonski
- Anthropology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George Chaplin
- Anthropology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emma L Beckett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
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Jablonski NG. The evolution of human skin pigmentation involved the interactions of genetic, environmental, and cultural variables. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2021; 34:707-729. [PMID: 33825328 PMCID: PMC8359960 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The primary biological role of human skin pigmentation is as a mediator of penetration of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) into the deep layers of skin and the cutaneous circulation. Since the origin of Homo sapiens, dark, protective constitutive pigmentation and strong tanning abilities have been favored under conditions of high UVR and represent the baseline condition for modern humans. The evolution of partly depigmented skin and variable tanning abilities has occurred multiple times in prehistory, as populations have dispersed into environments with lower and more seasonal UVR regimes, with unique complements of genes and cultural practices. The evolution of extremes of dark pigmentation and depigmentation has been rare and occurred only under conditions of extremely high or low environmental UVR, promoted by positive selection on variant pigmentation genes followed by limited gene flow. Over time, the evolution of human skin pigmentation has been influenced by the nature and course of human dispersals and modifications of cultural practices, which have modified the nature and actions of skin pigmentation genes. Throughout most of prehistory and history, the evolution of human skin pigmentation has been a contingent and non-deterministic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G. Jablonski
- Department of AnthropologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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11
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Lucock M. Vitamin-related phenotypic adaptation to exposomal factors: The folate-vitamin D-exposome triad. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 87:100944. [PMID: 33551238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The biological role of two key vitamins, folic acid and vitamin D is so fundamental to life processes, it follows that their UV sensitivity, dietary abundance (both key exposomal factors) and variability in dependent genes will modify their functional efficacy, particularly in the context of maintaining the integrity and function of genome and epigenome. This article therefore examines folate and vitamin D-related phenotypic adaptation to environmental factors which vary across the human life cycle as well as over an evolutionary time-scale. Molecular mechanisms, key nutrigenomic factors, phenotypic maladaptation and evolutionary models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, PO Box 127, Brush Rd, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia.
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12
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Slusky DJG, Zeckhauser RJ. Sunlight and Protection Against Influenza. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2021; 40:100942. [PMID: 33340885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent medical literature suggests that vitamin D supplementation protects against acute respiratory tract infection. Humans exposed to sunlight produce vitamin D directly. This paper investigates how differences in sunlight, as measured over several years across states and during the same calendar week, affect influenza incidence. We find that sunlight strongly protects against getting influenza. This relationship is driven almost entirely by the severe H1N1 epidemic in fall 2009. A 10% increase in relative sunlight decreases the influenza index in September or October by 1.1 points on a 10-point scale. A second, complementary study employs a separate data set to study flu incidence in counties in New York State. The results are strongly in accord.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J G Slusky
- Department of Economics, University of Kansas, 1460 Jayhawk Blvd., 415 Snow Hall, Lawrence, KS, 66045, United States.
| | - Richard J Zeckhauser
- Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, 79 JFK St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, United States.
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Missaggia BO, Reales G, Cybis GB, Hünemeier T, Bortolini MC. Adaptation and co-adaptation of skin pigmentation and vitamin D genes in native Americans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:1060-1077. [PMID: 33325159 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We carried out an exhaustive review regarding human skin color variation and how much it may be related to vitamin D metabolism and other photosensitive molecules. We discuss evolutionary contexts that modulate this variability and hypotheses postulated to explain them; for example, a small amount of melanin in the skin facilitates vitamin D production, making it advantageous to have fair skin in an environment with little radiation incidence. In contrast, more melanin protects folate from degradation in an environment with a high incidence of radiation. Some Native American populations have a skin color at odds with what would be expected for the amount of radiation in the environment in which they live, a finding challenging the so-called "vitamin D-folate hypothesis." Since food is also a source of vitamin D, dietary habits should also be considered. Here we argue that a gene network approach provides tools to explain this phenomenon since it indicates potential alleles co-evolving in a compensatory way. We identified alleles of the vitamin D metabolism and pigmentation pathways segregated together, but in different proportions, in agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers. Finally, we highlight how an evolutionary approach can be useful to understand current topics of medical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Oliveira Missaggia
- Genetics Departament, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Reales
- Genetics Departament, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B Cybis
- Statistics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Genetics Departament, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Xiao S, Mou Z, Fan D, Zhou H, Zou M, Zou Y, Zhou C, Yang R, Liu J, Zhu S, Li Y, Liu Y, Liu F, Wang W, Zeng B, Li H, Wang D, Liu H. Genome of Tetraploid Fish Schizothorax o'connori Provides Insights into Early Re-diploidization and High-Altitude Adaptation. iScience 2020; 23:101497. [PMID: 32905880 PMCID: PMC7486454 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplications (WGDs) of Schizothoracinae are believed to have played a significant role in speciation and environmental adaptation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Here, we present a genome for Schizothorax o'connori, a QTP endemic fish and showed the species as a young tetraploid with a recent WGD later than ∼1.23 mya. We exhibited that massive insertions between duplicated genomes caused by transposon bursts could induce mutagenesis in adjacent sequences and alter the expression of neighboring genes, representing an early re-diploidization process in a polyploid genome after WGD. Meanwhile, we found that many genes involved in DNA repair and folate transport/metabolism experienced natural selection and might contribute to the environmental adaptation of this species. Therefore, the S. o'connori genome could serve as a young tetraploid model for investigations of early re-diploidization in polyploid genomes and offers an invaluable genetic resource for environmental adaptation studies of the endemic fish of the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Xiao
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenbo Mou
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Dingding Fan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - He Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Zou
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaowei Zhou
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruibin Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilin Zhu
- Department of Computer Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanchao Liu
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Wanliang Wang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Benhe Zeng
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Hong Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Liu
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
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15
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Jones P, Lucock M, Martin C, Thota R, Garg M, Yates Z, Scarlett CJ, Veysey M, Beckett E. Independent and Interactive Influences of Environmental UVR, Vitamin D Levels, and Folate Variant MTHFD1-rs2236225 on Homocysteine Levels. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1455. [PMID: 32443475 PMCID: PMC7284830 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are a risk factor for vascular diseases. Recently, increases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been linked to decreased Hcy levels. This relationship may be mediated by the status of UVR-responsive vitamins, vitamin D and folate, and/or genetic variants influencing their levels; however, this has yet to be examined. Therefore, the independent and interactive influences of environmental UVR, vitamin D and folate levels and related genetic variants on Hcy levels were examined in an elderly Australian cohort (n = 619). Red blood cell folate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and plasma Hcy levels were determined, and genotyping for 21 folate and vitamin D-related variants was performed. Erythemal dose rate accumulated over six-weeks (6W-EDR) and four-months (4M-EDR) prior to clinics were calculated as a measure of environmental UVR. Multivariate analyses found interactions between 6W-EDR and 25(OH)D levels (pinteraction = 0.002), and 4M-EDR and MTHFD1-rs2236225 (pinteraction = 0.006) in predicting Hcy levels. The association between 6W-EDR and Hcy levels was found only in subjects within lower 25(OH)D quartiles (<33.26 ng/mL), with the association between 4M-EDR and Hcy occurring only in subjects carrying the MTHFD1-rs2236225 variant. 4M-EDR, 6W-EDR, and MTHFD1-rs2236225 were also independent predictors of Hcy. Findings highlight nutrient-environment and gene-environment interactions that could influence the risk of Hcy-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Jones
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Charlotte Martin
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Rohith Thota
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.T.); (M.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Manohar Garg
- Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (R.T.); (M.G.)
| | - Zoe Yates
- Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Christopher J. Scarlett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Martin Veysey
- Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia; (M.L.); (C.M.); (C.J.S.); (E.B.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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16
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Environmental UVR Levels and Skin Pigmentation Gene Variants Associated with Folate and Homocysteine Levels in an Elderly Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051545. [PMID: 32121219 PMCID: PMC7084217 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a ubiquitous exposure which may contribute to decreased folate levels. Skin pigmentation mediates the biological effect of UVR exposure, but its relationship to folate levels is unexamined. Interactions may exist between UVR and pigmentation genes in determining folate status, which may, in turn, impact homocysteine levels, a potential risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Therefore, independent and interactive influences of environmental UVR and genetic variants related to skin pigmentation (MC1R-rs1805007, IRF4-rs12203592 and HERC2-rs12913832) on folate (red blood cell (RBC) and serum) and homocysteine levels were examined in an elderly Australian cohort (n = 599). Genotypes were assessed by RT/RFLP-PCR, and UVR exposures were assessed as the accumulated erythemal dose rate accumulated over 4 months (4M-EDR). Multivariate analysis found significant negative associations between 4M-EDR and RBC folate (p < 0.001, β = −0.19), serum folate (p = 0.045, β = −0.08) and homocysteine levels (p < 0.001, β = −0.28). Significant associations between MC1R-rs1805007 and serum folate levels (p = 0.020), and IRF4-rs12203592 and homocysteine levels (p = 0.026) occurred but did not remain significant following corrections with confounders. No interactions between 4M-EDR and pigmentation variants in predicting folate/homocysteine levels were found. UVR levels and skin pigmentation-related variants are potential determinants of folate and homocysteine status, although, associations are mixed and complex, with further studies warranted.
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17
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Tu HC, Lin MY, Lin CY, Hsiao TH, Wen ZH, Chen BH, Fu TF. Supplementation with 5-formyltetrahydrofolate alleviates ultraviolet B-inflicted oxidative damage in folate-deficient zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109380. [PMID: 31279279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is an omnipresent environmental carcinogen transmitted by sunlight. Excessive UV irradiation has been correlated to an increased risk of skin cancers. UVB, the most mutagenic component among the three UV constituents, causes damage mainly through inducing DNA damage and oxidative stress. Therefore, strategies or nutrients that strengthen an individual's resistance to UV-inflicted harmful effects shall be beneficial. Folate is a water-soluble B vitamin essential for nucleotides biosynthesis, and also a strong biological antioxidant, hence a micronutrient with potential of modulating individual's vulnerability to UV exposure. In this study, we investigated the impact of folate status on UV sensitivity and the protective activity of folate supplementation using a zebrafish model. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and morphological injury were observed in the larvae exposed to UVB, which were readily rescued by supplementing with folic acid, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The UVB-inflicted abnormalities and mortality were worsened in Tg(hsp:EGFP-γGH) larvae displaying folate deficiency. Intriguingly, only supplementation with 5-CHO-THF, as opposed to folic acid, offered significant and consistent protection against UVB-inflicted oxidative damage in the folate-deficient larvae. We concluded that the intrinsic folate status correlates with the vulnerability to UVB-induced damage in zebrafish larvae. In addition, 5-CHO-THF surpassed both folic acid and NAC in preventing UVB-inflicted oxidative stress and injury in our current experimental zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Tu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yun Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Hsien Hsiao
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Centers for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Fun Fu
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.
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18
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Voluntary fortification is ineffective to maintain the vitamin B12 and folate status of older Irish adults: evidence from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Br J Nutr 2019; 120:111-120. [PMID: 29936926 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mandatory fortification of staple grains with folic acid and/or vitamin B12 (B12) is under debate in many countries including Ireland, which has a liberal, but voluntary, fortification policy. Older adults can be at risk of both deficiency and high folate status, although little is known on the actual prevalence and the major predictors. Population prevalence estimates from older adults (n 5290 ≥50 years) from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) (Wave 1) are presented here. Measures included plasma total vitamin B12 and folate, whereas predictors included detailed demographic, socio-economic, geographic, seasonal and health/lifestyle data. The prevalence of deficient or low B12 status (45 nmol/l) was observed in 8·9 %, whereas high B12 status was observed in 3·1 % (>601 pmol/l). The largest positive predictor of B12 concentration was self-reported B12 injection and/or supplement use (coefficient 51·5 pmol/; 95 % CI 9·4, 93·6; P=0·016) followed by sex and geographic location. The largest negative predictor was metformin use (-33·6; 95 % CI -51·9, -15·4; P<0·0001). The largest positive predictor of folate concentration was folic acid supplement use (6·0; 95 % CI 3·0, 9·0 nmol/l; P<0·001) followed by being female and statin medications. The largest negative predictor was geographic location (-5·7; 95 % CI -6·7, -4·6; P<0·0001) followed by seasonality and smoking. B-vitamin status in older adults is affected by health and lifestyle, medication, sampling period and geographic location. We observed a high prevalence of low B12 and folate status, indicating that the current policy of voluntary fortification is ineffective for older adults.
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19
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Valencia-Vera E, Aguilera J, Cobos A, Bernabó JL, Pérez-Valero V, Herrera-Ceballos E. Association between seasonal serum folate levels and ultraviolet radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 190:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Jones P, Lucock M, Veysey M, Beckett E. Reply: "Comment on: The Vitamin D⁻Folate Hypothesis as an Evolutionary Model for Skin Pigmentation: An Update and Integration of Current Ideas, Nutrients 2018, 10, 554". Nutrients 2018; 10:E1759. [PMID: 30441793 PMCID: PMC6265952 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We thank Elias and Williams for their interest in our review [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Jones
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
| | - Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
| | - Martin Veysey
- Hull-York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
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21
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Lucock M, Jones P, Martin C, Yates Z, Veysey M, Furst J, Beckett E. Photobiology of vitamins. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:512-525. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrice Jones
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlotte Martin
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe Yates
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Veysey
- Hull-York Medical School, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - John Furst
- School of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Maffoni S, De Giuseppe R, Stanford FC, Cena H. Folate status in women of childbearing age with obesity: a review. Nutr Res Rev 2017; 30:265-271. [PMID: 28587698 PMCID: PMC6232191 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422417000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have described a positive association between elevated BMI and birth defects risk. Data on plasma concentration of folate in pregnant women with obesity have shown values far below those recommended, regardless of diet, while folate levels should increase before pregnancy to reduce neural tube defects. We report a descriptive review of the most recent studies (from 2005 to 2015) to evaluate folate status through a population of women of childbearing age affected by obesity. The literature contains few studies, which present conflicting results regarding folate status in non-pregnant women of childbearing age affected by obesity, and it appears that there is a modification in folate metabolism, with a reduction in plasma folate levels and an increase in erythrocyte folate uptake. In conclusion, the folate status in women of childbearing age should be assessed by both plasma and erythrocyte levels to start a personalised and more adequate supplementation before conception. Further studies need to be conducted in a larger population, which take into account variables that can affect folate metabolism, such as dietary intake, lifestyle and genetic factors, oral contraceptives or other drug use, previous weight-loss programmes, or a history of bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maffoni
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human Nutrition, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human Nutrition, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hellas Cena
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human Nutrition, Pavia, Italy
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23
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Zhang M, Goyert G, Lim HW. Folate and phototherapy: What should we inform our patients? J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:958-964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2015. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:141-74. [PMID: 26822392 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp90004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels that regularly informs the Parties (countries) to the Montreal Protocol on the effects of ozone depletion and the consequences of climate change interactions with respect to human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The Panels provide a detailed assessment report every four years. The most recent 2014 Quadrennial Assessment by the EEAP was published as a special issue of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). The next Quadrennial Assessment will be published in 2018/2019. In the interim, the EEAP generally produces an annual update or progress report of the relevant scientific findings. The present progress report for 2015 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change.
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25
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Lucock M, Beckett E, Martin C, Jones P, Furst J, Yates Z, Jablonski NG, Chaplin G, Veysey M. UV‐associated decline in systemic folate: implications for human nutrigenetics, health, and evolutionary processes. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastlePO Box 127, Brush RdOurimbah NSW2258 Australia
| | - Emma Beckett
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastlePO Box 127, Brush RdOurimbah NSW2258 Australia
| | - Charlotte Martin
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastlePO Box 127, Brush RdOurimbah NSW2258 Australia
| | - Patrice Jones
- School of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of NewcastlePO Box 127, Brush RdOurimbah NSW2258 Australia
| | - John Furst
- School of Maths and Physical SciencesUniversity of NewcastlePO Box 127, Brush RdOurimbah NSW2258 Australia
| | - Zoe Yates
- School of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyUniversity of NewcastlePO Box 127, Brush RdOurimbah NSW2258 Australia
| | - Nina G. Jablonski
- Anthropology DepartmentThe Pennsylvania State University409 Carpenter BuildingUniversity Park Pennsylvania16802
| | - George Chaplin
- Anthropology DepartmentThe Pennsylvania State University409 Carpenter BuildingUniversity Park Pennsylvania16802
| | - Martin Veysey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia and, Central Coast Local Health DistrictTeaching and Research Unit, Gosford HospitalGosford NSW2250PO Box 361 Australia
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26
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Stability of folic acid under several parameters. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:419-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Systemic and localized scleroderma are difficult to manage diseases with no accepted gold standard of therapy to date. Phototherapeutic modalities for scleroderma show promise. A PubMed search of information on phototherapy for scleroderma was conducted. The information was classified into effects on pathogenesis and clinical outcomes. Studies on photopheresis were excluded. There were no randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, and only three controlled studies. The vast majority of identified studies evaluated ultraviolet A1 (UVA1) phototherapy. More rigorous studies are needed to evaluate phototherapy in the treatment of scleroderma. Based on the limited studies available, 20-50 J/cm2 of UVA1 therapy 3-4 times a week for 30 treatments is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hassani
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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28
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Juzeniene A, Grigalavicius M, Ma LW, Juraleviciute M. Folic acid and its photoproducts, 6-formylpterin and pterin-6-carboxylic acid, as generators of reactive oxygen species in skin cells during UVA exposure. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 155:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Skjærvø GR, Fossøy F, Røskaft E. Solar activity at birth predicted infant survival and women's fertility in historical Norway. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142032. [PMID: 25567646 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can suppress essential molecular and cellular mechanisms during early development in living organisms and variations in solar activity during early development may thus influence their health and reproduction. Although the ultimate consequences of UVR on aquatic organisms in early life are well known, similar studies on terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, have remained limited. Using data on temporal variation in sunspot numbers and individual-based demographic data (N = 8662 births) from Norway between 1676 and 1878, while controlling for maternal effects, socioeconomic status, cohort and ecology, we show that solar activity (total solar irradiance) at birth decreased the probability of survival to adulthood for both men and women. On average, the lifespans of individuals born in a solar maximum period were 5.2 years shorter than those born in a solar minimum period. In addition, fertility and lifetime reproductive success (LRS) were reduced among low-status women born in years with high solar activity. The proximate explanation for the relationship between solar activity and infant mortality may be an effect of folate degradation during pregnancy caused by UVR. Our results suggest that solar activity at birth may have consequences for human lifetime performance both within and between generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gine Roll Skjærvø
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frode Fossøy
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eivin Røskaft
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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30
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Hasoun L, Bailey S, Outlaw K, Ayling J. Rearrangement and depletion of folate in human skin by ultraviolet radiation. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1087-90. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L.Z. Hasoun
- Department of Pharmacology University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 U.S.A
| | - S.W. Bailey
- Department of Pharmacology University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 U.S.A
| | - K.K. Outlaw
- Department of Surgery Mobile Infirmary Mobile AL 36607 U.S.A
| | - J.E. Ayling
- Department of Pharmacology University of South Alabama Mobile AL 36688 U.S.A
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Jablonski NG, Chaplin G. Skin cancer was not a potent selective force in the evolution of protective pigmentation in early hominins. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20140517. [PMID: 24990674 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nina G Jablonski
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - George Chaplin
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Mathewson I. Did human hairlessness allow natural photobiomodulation 2 million years ago and enable photobiomodulation therapy today? This can explain the rapid expansion of our genus’s brain. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:421-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Lucock M, Jones P, Martin C, Beckett E, Yates Z, Furst J, Veysey M. Vitamin D. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 20:310-22. [DOI: 10.1177/2156587215580491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in vitamin D and the VDR gene is increasing as putative roles in human health and evolutionary processes are explored. This review looks beyond the classic biochemistry that links vitamin D to calcium homeostasis; it explores how vitamin D interacts with light in a broader perspective than simple skin photosynthesis. It examines how the vitamin influences circadian rhythm, and how it may have helped drive the evolution of skin pigmentation. To this end, the nutrient–nutrient relationship with folate is also explored. The VDR gene is additionally examined as a factor in the evolutionary selection of skin depigmentation at higher latitudes to allow vitamin D synthesis. Evidence is given to show that VDR polymorphisms exhibit a latitudinal gradient in allele prevalence consistent with such a paradigm. Overall, the review examines new evo-devo ideas that link light-sensitive vitamins to human health/phenotype, both within and across the lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucock
- University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrice Jones
- University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Emma Beckett
- University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe Yates
- University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Furst
- University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Veysey
- Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
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Lucock M, Yates Z, Martin C, Choi JH, Boyd L, Tang S, Naumovski N, Furst J, Roach P, Jablonski N, Chaplin G, Veysey M. Vitamin D, folate, and potential early lifecycle environmental origin of significant adult phenotypes. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 2014:69-91. [PMID: 24699387 PMCID: PMC4001294 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eou013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Solar radiation early in pregnancy interacts with light sensitive vitamins to influence an embryo's genetic profile. This influences both adult disease risk and may play a role in the evolution of skin colour. Background and objectives: Vitamin D and folate are highly UV sensitive, and critical for maintaining health throughout the lifecycle. This study examines whether solar irradiance during the first trimester of pregnancy influences vitamin D receptor (VDR) and nuclear folate gene variant occurrence, and whether affected genes influence late-life biochemical/clinical phenotypes. Methodology: 228 subjects were examined for periconceptional exposure to solar irradiance, variation in vitamin D/folate genes (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)), dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)) and important adult biochemical/clinical phenotypes. Results: Periconceptional solar irradiance was associated with VDR-BsmI (P = 0.0008wk7), TaqI (P = 0.0014wk7) and EcoRV (P = 0.0030wk6) variant occurrence between post-conceptional weeks 6–8, a period when ossification begins. Similar effects were detected for other VDR gene polymorphisms. Periconceptional solar irradiance was also associated with 19 bp del-DHFR (P = 0.0025wk6), and to a lesser extent C1420T-SHMT (P = 0.0249wk6), a folate-critical time during embryogenesis. These same genes were associated with several late-life phenotypes: VDR-BsmI, TaqI and ApaI determined the relationship between dietary vitamin D and both insulin (P < 0.0001/BB, 0.0007/tt and 0.0173/AA, respectively) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0290/Bb, 0.0299/Tt and 0.0412/AA, respectively), making them important early and late in the lifecycle. While these and other phenotype associations were found for the VDR variants, folate polymorphism associations in later-life were limited to C1420T-SHMT (P = 0.0037 and 0.0297 for fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels, respectively). We additionally report nutrient–gene relationships with body mass index, thiol/folate metabolome, cognition, depression and hypertension. Furthermore, photoperiod at conception influenced occurrence of VDR-Tru9I and 2R3R-TS genotypes (P = 0.0120 and 0.0360, respectively). Conclusions and implications: Findings identify environmental and nutritional agents that may interact to modify gene–phenotype relationships across the lifecycle, offering new insight into human ecology. This includes factors related to both disease aetiology and the evolution of skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucock
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, PO Box 127, Brush Road, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia, The Pennsylvania State University, Anthropology Department, 409 Carpenter Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA, and Teaching and Research Unit, Central Coast Local Health District, PO Box 361, Gosford, NSW 2250, Australia
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