1
|
Li Q, Liu Y, Zheng J, Chen Y, Liu Z, Xie Q, Li D, Xi L, Zheng J, Liu H. Potassium iodide enhances the killing effect of methylene blue mediated photodynamic therapy against F. monophora. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 48:104255. [PMID: 38901715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection that affect the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is clinically problematic due to limited treatment options, low cure rates, and high rates of relapse. This underscores the necessity for innovative treatment approaches. In this study, potassium iodide (KI) combined with Methylene Blue (MB) mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) were assessed in the treatment of Fonsecaea monophora (F. monophora) both in vitro and in vivo. And the underlying mechanism that contributes to the efficacy of this treatment approach was investigated. METHODS In vitro experiments were conducted using different combinations and concentrations of MB, KI, and 660 nm light (60 mW/cm2) to inhibit F. monophora. The study was carried out using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The production of singlet oxygen (1O2), free iodine (I2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion during the KI combined MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT process was also detected. In vivo experiments were developed using a Balb/c mouse paw infection model with F. monophora and treated with PBS, 10 mM KI, 2 mM MB +100 J/cm² and 10 mM KI+2 mM MB +100 J/cm² respectively. Inflammatory swelling, fungal load and histopathological analyses of the mouse footpads were assessed. RESULTS KI enhanced the killing effect of MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT on the conidial spores of F. monophora at the cell and infected animal model level. During the process, the main antimicrobial agents in KI combined with MB- mediated antimicrobial PDT could produce stronger toxic active species including free I2 and H2O2. CONCLUSION: KI combined with MB-mediated antimicrobial PDT could be an effective adjunct therapy for treating CBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Guangdong Clinical College of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangxia Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiulin Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Liyan Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Judun Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Guangdong Clinical College of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Casu C, Orrù G. Potential of photodynamic therapy in the management of infectious oral diseases. World J Exp Med 2024; 14:84284. [PMID: 38590303 PMCID: PMC10999068 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i1.84284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can take place in the presence of three elements: Light with an appropriate wavelength; a photosensitizer; and the presence of oxygen. This type of treatment is very effective overall against bacterial, viral and mycotic cells. In the last 10 years many papers have been published on PDT with different types of photosensitizers (e.g., methylene blue, toluidine blue, indocyanine green, curcumin-based photosensitizers), different wavelengths (e.g., 460 nm, 630 nm, 660 nm, 810 nm) and various parameters (e.g., power of the light, time of illumination, number of sessions). In the scientific literature all types of PDT seem very effective, even if it is difficult to find a standard protocol for each oral pathology. PDT could be an interesting way to treat some dangerous oral infections refractory to common pharmacological therapies, such as candidiasis from multidrug-resistant Candida spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Casu
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Science, Oral Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lima LFG, de Paula Castro V, Álvarez CMO, Ambrósio SR, Rodrigues MA, Pires RH. Assessing the efficacy of gutiferone E in photodynamic therapy for oral candidiasis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 250:112834. [PMID: 38157703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The rise in antifungal resistance and side effects of conventional treatments drive the search for innovative therapies like Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). This study explored the efficacy of PDT mediated by gutiferone, an isolated compound from red propolis, for candidiasis treatment. Multiple evaluation methods were employed, including determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) via broth microdilution, quantifying biomass using crystal violet detachment, and cell counting through total plate count. PDT mediated by gutiferone was also assessed in five groups of mice, followed by histopathological examination and agar plating of lingual tissue samples. Among the seven Candida species tested, gutiferone displayed efficacy against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis, with MIC values of 1000 μg/mL. In C. tropicalis biofilms, exposure to gutiferone led to a reduction of 1.61 Log10 CFU/mL. PDT mediated by gutiferone achieved an average reduction of 3.68 Log10 CFU/mL in C. tropicalis biofilm cells, underscoring its potent fungicidal activity. Histopathological analysis revealed fungal structures, such as pseudohyphae and hyphae, in infected groups (G2) and irradiated mice. In contrast, groups treated with gutiferone or subjected to gutiferone-assisted PDT (G5) exhibited only few blastoconidia. Furthermore, CFU/mL assessments in lingual tissue post-treatment demonstrated a significantly lower count (0.30 Log10 CFU/mL) in the G5 group compared to G2 (2.43 Log10 CFU/mL). These findings highlight the potential of PDT mediated by gutiferone as a promising alternative for managing denture stomatitis. Future research and clinical investigations offer the promise of validating its clinical applicability and improving outcomes in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ramage G, Borghi E, Rodrigues CF, Kean R, Williams C, Lopez-Ribot J. Our current clinical understanding of Candida biofilms: where are we two decades on? APMIS 2023; 131:636-653. [PMID: 36932821 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Clinically we have been aware of the concept of Candida biofilms for many decades, though perhaps without the formal designation. Just over 20 years ago the subject emerged on the back of progress made from the bacterial biofilms, and academic progress pace has continued to mirror the bacterial biofilm community, albeit at a decreased volume. It is apparent that Candida species have a considerable capacity to colonize surfaces and interfaces and form tenacious biofilm structures, either alone or in mixed species communities. From the oral cavity, to the respiratory and genitourinary tracts, wounds, or in and around a plethora of biomedical devices, the scope of these infections is vast. These are highly tolerant to antifungal therapies that has a measurable impact on clinical management. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overight of our current clinical understanding of where these biofilms cause infections, and we discuss existing and emerging antifungal therapies and strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Medical School, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Célia Fortuna Rodrigues
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário-CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ryan Kean
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Williams
- Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB), European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Basel, Switzerland
- Microbiology Department, Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jose Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Biology and the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du M, Li F, Hu Y. A Uniform Design Method Can Optimize the Combinatorial Parameters of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, Including the Concentrations of Methylene Blue and Potassium Iodide, Light Dose, and Methylene Blue's Incubation Time, to Improve Fungicidal Effects on Candida Species. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2557. [PMID: 37894215 PMCID: PMC10609332 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal combinatorial parameters of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by methylene blue (MB) with the addition of potassium iodide (KI) against Candida species have never been defined. This study aimed to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT, including the concentrations of MB (X1, 0.1-1.0 mM) and KI (X2, 100-400 mM), light dose (X3, 10-70 J/cm2), and MB's incubation time (X4, 5-35 min) for three Candida species. The best MB + KI-aPDT fungicidal effects (Y) against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (YCa), Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (YCp), and Candida glabrata ATCC 2950 (YCg) were investigated using a uniform design method. The regression models deduced using this method were YCa = 7.126 + 1.199X1X3 - 1.742X12 + 0.206X22 - 0.361X32; YCp = 10.724 - 0.867X1 - 1.497X2 + 0.560X3 + 1.298X22; and YCg = 0.892 - 0.956X1 + 2.296X3 + 1.299X42 - 3.316X3X4. The optimal combinatorial parameters inferred from the regression equations were MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 20 J/cm2, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for Candida albicans; MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 70 J/cm2, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for Candida parapsilosis; MB 0.1 mM, KI 100 mM, a light dose of 10 J/cm2, and a 35-minute incubation time of MB for Candida glabrata. The uniform design method can optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT mediated by MB plus KI to obtain the best aPDT fungicidal effects on Candida species, providing a new method to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT for different pathogens in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Yanwei Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khozeimeh F, Tavangar A, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M, Amini M, Ghayour M. Evaluation of the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy With Methylene Blue on Different Candida Species In Vitro. J Lasers Med Sci 2023; 14:e34. [PMID: 38028872 PMCID: PMC10658125 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2023.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. The most common cause of this infection is Candida albicans. Considering the side effects of conventional antifungal therapies, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with new methylene blue (a photosensitizer) in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei in vitro. Methods: In this experimental study, 200 samples of standard suspension (0.5 McFarland) were prepared from C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei (50 samples from each species). The samples of each species were divided into five groups (n=10), including photodynamic therapy with a photosensitizer, with or without laser irradiation, nystatin treatment, laser therapy, and control. Next, cultivation of samples was performed on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and the colony-forming units were determined after 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 by means of the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). Results: The most sensitive and resistant species to nystatin therapy were C. glabrata and C. krusei, respectively. On the other hand, C. krusei was the most sensitive species to photodynamic therapy, and C. glabrata was the most resistant type to this treatment. The highest therapeutic effectiveness was attributed to nystatin therapy, although photodynamic therapy was also effective. Laser therapy was recognized as the least effective method. Conclusion: Photodynamic therapy with new methylene blue, as a suitable adjunct therapy, can be effective in the management of candidiasis. It may also be a potential novel treatment for immunocompromised patients with oral candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Khozeimeh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Tavangar
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Milad Amini
- Oral Medicine Specialist, Dental Material Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ghayour
- Pediatric Dentist, Pediatric Department, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leanse LG, Marasini S, dos Anjos C, Dai T. Antimicrobial Resistance: Is There a 'Light' at the End of the Tunnel? Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1437. [PMID: 37760734 PMCID: PMC10525303 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the increases in microorganisms that express a multitude of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms, the threat of antimicrobial resistance in the global population has reached critical levels. The introduction of the COVID-19 pandemic has further contributed to the influx of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), which has placed significant pressure on healthcare systems. For over a century, the potential for light-based approaches targeted at combatting both cancer and infectious diseases has been proposed. They offer effective killing of microbial pathogens, regardless of AMR status, and have not typically been associated with high propensities of resistance development. To that end, the goal of this review is to describe the different mechanisms that drive AMR, including intrinsic, phenotypic, and acquired resistance mechanisms. Additionally, the different light-based approaches, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), antimicrobial blue light (aBL), and ultraviolet (UV) light, will be discussed as potential alternatives or adjunct therapies with conventional antimicrobials. Lastly, we will evaluate the feasibility and requirements associated with integration of light-based approaches into the clinical pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon G. Leanse
- Health and Sports Sciences Hub, University of Gibraltar, Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar GX11 1AA, Gibraltar
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Sanjay Marasini
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Carolina dos Anjos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (C.d.A.); (T.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wójcik-Mieszawska S, Lewtak K, Skwarek E, Dębowski D, Gitlin-Domagalska A, Nowak J, Wydrych J, Pawelec J, Fiołka MJ. Autophagy of Candida albicans cells after the action of earthworm Venetin-1 nanoparticle with protease inhibitor activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14228. [PMID: 37648723 PMCID: PMC10468520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present studies show the effect of the Venetin-1 protein-polysaccharide complex obtained from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta on Candida albicans cells. They are a continuation of research on the mechanisms of action, cellular targets, and modes of cell death. After the action of Venetin-1, a reduced survival rate of the yeast cells was noted. The cells were observed to be enlarged compared to the controls and deformed. In addition, an increase in the number of cells with clearly enlarged vacuoles was noted. The detected autophagy process was confirmed using differential interference contrast, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Autophagic vesicles were best visible after incubation of fungus cells with the Venetin-1 complex at a concentration of 50 and 100 µg mL-1. The changes in the vacuoles were accompanied by changes in the size of mitochondria, which is probably related to the previously documented oxidative stress. The aggregation properties of Venetin-1 were characterized. Based on the results of the zeta potential at the Venetin-1/KCl interface, the pHiep = 4 point was determined, i.e. the zeta potential becomes positive above pH = 4 and is negative below this value, which may affect the electrostatic interactions with other particles surrounding Venetin-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wójcik-Mieszawska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Lewtak
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Skwarek
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Dębowski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Nowak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wydrych
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Pawelec
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta J Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Damrongrungruang T, Panutyothin N, Kongjun S, Thanabat K, Ratha J. Combined bisdemethoxycurcumin and potassium iodide-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17490. [PMID: 37455953 PMCID: PMC10345248 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is emerging as a promising way to treat infections with minimal side effects. Typically, a single photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy is capable of generating only one type of reactive oxygen species, which may have inadequate capability to eradicate certain types of microbes, especially Candida species. Thus, the use of combined photosensitizers is examined as a means of achieving superior antimicrobial results. We postulate that bisdemethoxycurcumin, a type I reactive oxygen species generator, combined with potassium iodide, an antimicrobial iodide molecule, might exhibit superior antimicrobial effects compared to a single photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy. The effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin + potassium iodide + dental blue light on Candida albicans reduction were examined. Candida biofilms were treated with 20, 40 or 80 μM bisdemethoxycurcumin, 100 mM potassium iodide or a combination of these species for 20 min before irradiation with a dental blue light (90 J/cm2). The negative and positive controls were phosphate buffer saline and nystatin at 1 : 100,000 units/ml, respectively. Candidal numbers were quantified at 0, 1, 6 and 24 h. Hydroxyl radicals were spectrophotometrically measured using 2-[6-(4'amino phynoxyl-3H-xanthen-3-on-9-yl)] benzoic acid or APF probe-mediated fluorescence intensity (Varioskan) at 490/515 nm (excitation/emission). Candidal counts and hydroxyl radical comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Correlations between candidal numbers and hydroxyl radical levels were done with a Pearson correlation test. Forty μM bisdemethoxycurcumin+100 mM KI could provide a 3.5 log10 CFU/ml reduction after 6 h. Bisdemethoxycurcumin alone generated OH levels that were strongly correlated with candidal reduction. In conclusion, 40 μM bisdemethoxycurcumin+100 mM KI could reduce C. albicans biofilm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teerasak Damrongrungruang
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
- Melatonin Research Program, The Research and Academic Affairs, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nichapat Panutyothin
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirapakorn Kongjun
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kittapak Thanabat
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| | - Juthamat Ratha
- Melatonin Research Program, The Research and Academic Affairs, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Piksa M, Lian C, Samuel IC, Pawlik KJ, Samuel IDW, Matczyszyn K. The role of the light source in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1697-1722. [PMID: 36779328 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach to fight the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance that threatens health care, food security and agriculture. APDT uses light to excite a light-activated chemical (photosensitiser), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many APDT studies confirm its efficacy in vitro and in vivo against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. However, the development of the field is focused on exploring potential targets and developing new photosensitisers. The role of light, a crucial element for ROS production, has been neglected. What are the main parameters essential for effective photosensitiser activation? Does an optimal light radiant exposure exist? And finally, which light source is best? Many reports have described the promising antibacterial effects of APDT in vitro, however, its application in vivo, especially in clinical settings remains very limited. The restricted availability may partially be due to a lack of standard conditions or protocols, arising from the diversity of selected photosensitising agents (PS), variable testing conditions including light sources used for PS activation and methods of measuring anti-bacterial activity and their effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. We thus sought to systematically review and examine the evidence from existing studies on APDT associated with the light source used. We show how the reduction of pathogens depends on the light source applied, radiant exposure and irradiance of light used, and type of pathogen, and so critically appraise the current state of development of APDT and areas to be addressed in future studies. We anticipate that further standardisation of the experimental conditions will help the field advance, and suggest key optical and biological parameters that should be reported in all APDT studies. More in vivo and clinical studies are needed and are expected to be facilitated by advances in light sources, leading to APDT becoming a sustainable, alternative therapeutic option for bacterial and other microbial infections in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piksa
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cheng Lian
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Imogen C Samuel
- School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Krzysztof J Pawlik
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Atypical changes in Candida albicans cells treated with the Venetin-1 complex from earthworm coelomic fluid. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2844. [PMID: 36807384 PMCID: PMC9938250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present research, the effect of a protein-polysaccharide complex Venetin-1 obtained from the coelomic fluid of Dendrobaena veneta earthworm on Candida albicans cells was characterized. The compound destroyed fungal cells without showing cytotoxicity to human skin fibroblasts, which was demonstrated in earlier studies. Since it had an effect on the fungal cell wall and membrane, this complex was compared with the known antifungal antibiotic fluconazole. Both preparations disturbed the division of yeast cells and resulted in the formation of aggregates and chains of unseparated cells, which was illustrated by staining with fluorochromes. Fluorescent staining of the cell wall with Calcofluor white facilitated comparison of the types of aggregates formed after the action of both substances. The analysis performed with the use of Congo red showed that Venetin-1 exposed deeper layers of the cell wall, whereas no such effect was visible after the use of fluconazole. The FTIR analysis confirmed changes in the mannoprotein layer of the cell wall after the application of the Venetin-1 complex. Staining with Rhodamine 123 and the use of flow cytometry allowed comparison of changes in the mitochondria. Significantly elongated mitochondria were observed after the Venetin-1 application, but not after the application of the classic antibiotic. Phase contrast microscopy revealed vacuole enlargement after the Venetin-1 application. The flow cytometry analysis of C. albicans cells treated with Venetin-1 and fluconazole showed that both substances caused a significant decrease in cell viability.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nunes IPF, Crugeira PJL, Sampaio FJP, de Oliveira SCPS, Azevedo JM, Santos CLO, Soares LGP, Samuel IDW, Persheyev S, de Ameida PF, Pinheiro ALB. Evaluation of dual application of photodynamic therapy-PDT in Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 42:103327. [PMID: 36773756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the efficacy of photodynamic therapy - PDT using dimethyl methylene blue zinc chloride double salt (DMMB) and red LED light on planktonic cultures of Candida albicans. The tests were performed using the ATCC 90,028 strain grown at 37 °C for 24 h, according to a growth curve of C. albicans. The colonies were resuspended in sterile saline adjusted to a concentration of 2 × 108 cells / mL, with three experimental protocols being tested (Protocol 1, 2 and 3) with a fixed concentration of 750 ɳg/mL obtained through the IC50, and energy density 20 J/cm2. Protocol 1 was carried out using conventional PDT, Protocol 2 was applied double PDT in a single session, and Protocol 3 was applied double PDT in two sessions with a 24 h interval. The results showed logarithmic reductions of 3 (4.252575 ± 0.068526) and 4 logs (2.669533 ± 0.058592) of total fungal load in protocols 3 and 2 respectively in comparison to the Control (6.633547 ± 0.065384). Our results indicated that double application in a single session of PDT was the most effective approach for inhibiting the proliferation of Candida albicans (99.991% inhibition).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iago P F Nunes
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Pedro J L Crugeira
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Ecology of Microorganisms, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Ave, S/N, Salvador, BA CEP:40110-100, Brazil
| | - Fernando J P Sampaio
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Susana C P S de Oliveira
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Ruy Barbosa Wyden University Center University (UniRuy Wyden), Av. Luís Viana Filho, 3172 - Paralela, Salvador - BA CEP: 41720-200, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Azevedo
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil; Department of Biology, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santa, BA 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Caio L O Santos
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Luiz G P Soares
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Saydulla Persheyev
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Paulo F de Ameida
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Ecology of Microorganisms, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Bahia, Reitor Miguel Calmon Ave, S/N, Salvador, BA CEP:40110-100, Brazil
| | - Antônio L B Pinheiro
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu X, Hu Y. Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Fungal Infections. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3251-3266. [PMID: 35761978 PMCID: PMC9233483 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s369605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous fungal infections are common in humans and are associated with significant physical and psychological distress to patients. Although conventional topical and/or oral anti-fungal medications are commonly recommended treatments, drug resistance has emerged as a significant concern in this patient population, and safer, more efficacious, and cost-effective alternatives are warranted. Recent studies have reported effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) against fungal infections without severe adverse effects. In this review, we briefly discuss the mechanisms underlying PDT, current progress, adverse effects, and limitations of this treatment in the management of superficial and deep fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Synergistic Effect of Combination of a Temoporfin-Based Photodynamic Therapy with Potassium Iodide or Antibacterial Agents on Oral Disease Pathogens In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040488. [PMID: 35455485 PMCID: PMC9027005 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (temoporfin) is a photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy for oral cancer and periodontal disease treatment. This study determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of temoporfin. Additionally, the combination of potassium iodide (KI) or antimicrobial agents in oral pathogens under hypoxic or normoxic conditions were determined. We also evaluated the biofilm removal effect and detected the expressions of the antibiotic resistance-related genes and biofilm formation-related genes of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results provided reveal that the combination of the temoporfin and KI had a synergistic effect of reducing the MICs and MBCs of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei under normoxic and hypoxic conditions due to increasing H2O2 production. Temoporfin increased the biofilm removal of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus under normoxic condition, and it reduced the antibiotic resistance-related genes expression of MRSA. The combination of temoporfin with ampicillin or chlorhexidine significantly enhanced the bactericidal effect on MRSA. This study provides a potential application of temoporfin on the clinical side against oral pathogens and the prevention of oral diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
do Prado-Silva L, Brancini GT, Braga GÚ, Liao X, Ding T, Sant’Ana AS. Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) as an innovative technology to control spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in agri-food products: An updated review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Alrefaie RM, John J, Alsiwat AJ, Ibraheem WI, Preethanath RS, Divakar DD. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in reducing oral yeasts carriage among individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102724. [PMID: 35051663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in reducing oral yeasts carriage among individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). METHODS Self-reported ENDS users and non-users (individuals that reported to have never used any nicotinic product) were included. Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups: (a) aPDT group; and (b) sham aPDT group. aPDT was performed using a curcumin-based photosensitizer that was exposed to a central wavelength of 660 nm and an estimated average fluency of 200 J/cm2. The system delivered light by uniform diffusion for 5 minutes. Sham aPDT was performed using a non-activated laser tip. Oral yeasts colony forming units were determined using standard techniques. Oral yeasts were assessed at baseline and at 3-months of follow-up. Level of significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTS Twenty-three ENDS-users (19 males and 4 females) and 23 controls (17 males and 6 females) were included. ENDS-users were vaping for 8.3 ± 0.6 years and were using their ENDS devices 13.6 ± 2.7 times daily. Toothbrushing twice daily was reported by 8.7% and 21.7% of ENDS-users and controls, respectively. Tongue brushing was reported by none of the individuals. At baseline, oral yeasts CFU/ml were significantly higher among ENDS-users in the PDT (P<0.05) and sham PDT (P<0.05) groups compared with controls (Table 2; Figure 1). At 3-months of follow-up, CFU/ml were significantly higher among ENDS-users in the PDT (P<0.05) and sham PDT (P<0.05) groups compared with controls CONCLUSION: : A single session of aPDT is ineffective in reducing the oral yeasts CFU/ml in ENDS-users. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of multiple sessions of aPDT in reducing the oral yeasts CFU/ml in ENDS-users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob John
- Department of Dentistry, DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences (DM WIMS), Meppadi, Kerala, India
| | - Areej Jaber Alsiwat
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Ibraheem Ibraheem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reghunathan S Preethanath
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577204, India
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577204, India.; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University (LMMU), Ministry of Health, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malathi S, Pakrudheen I, Kalkura SN, Webster T, Balasubramanian S. Disposable biosensors based on metal nanoparticles. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2022; 3:100169. [PMID: 35252890 PMCID: PMC8889882 DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for disposable biosensors that can detect viruses in infected patients quickly due to fast response and also at a low cost.The present review provides an overview of the applications of disposable biosensors based on metal nanoparticles in enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors with special reference to glucose and H2O2, immunosensors as well as genosensors (DNA biosensors in which the recognized event consists of the hybridization reaction)for point-of-care diagnostics. The disposable biosensors for COVID19 have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Malathi
- Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - I. Pakrudheen
- Department of Chemistry, CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560037, Karnataka, India
| | | | - T.J. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - S. Balasubramanian
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy, Chennai, 600025, India,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kashef N, Hamblin MR. In Vivo Potentiation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in a Mouse Model of Fungal Infection by Addition of Potassium Iodide. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:621-630. [PMID: 35505038 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of a nontoxic dye or photosensitizer excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that can kill all classes of microorganisms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat localized infections due to its ability to selectively kill microbes while preserving host mammalian cells. aPDI can be potentiated by the addition of the nontoxic inorganic salt potassium iodide (KI). KI is an approved drug for antifungal therapy. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and molecular iodine. A previous chapter in this volume described potentiation of aPDI in vitro by addition of KI, while in this chapter we address the ability of KI to potentiate aPDT in vivo using an animal model of localized fungal infection. We employed oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed mice caused by a bioluminescent strain of Candida albicans and monitored by bioluminescence imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kashef
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bridger KG, Roccabruna JR, Baran TM. Optical property recovery with spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance at short source-detector separations using a compact fiber-optic probe. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7388-7404. [PMID: 35003841 PMCID: PMC8713658 DOI: 10.1364/boe.443332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe a compact fiber-optic probe (2 mm outside diameter) that utilizes spatially-resolved diffuse reflectance for tissue optical property recovery. Validation was performed in phantoms containing Intralipid 20% as scatterer, and methylene blue (MB), MnTPPS, and/or India ink as absorbers. Over a range of conditions, the reduced scattering coefficient was recovered with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.86-2.7 cm-1 (average error = 3.8%). MB concentration was recovered with RMSE = 0.26-0.52 µM (average error = 15.0%), which did not vary with inclusion of MnTPPS (p=0.65). This system will be utilized to determine optical properties in human abscesses, in order to generate treatment plans for photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina G. Bridger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jacob R. Roccabruna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Timothy M. Baran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 201 Robert B. Goergen Hall, P.O. Box 270168, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 648, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Advances in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Youf R, Müller M, Balasini A, Thétiot F, Müller M, Hascoët A, Jonas U, Schönherr H, Lemercier G, Montier T, Le Gall T. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Latest Developments with a Focus on Combinatory Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1995. [PMID: 34959277 PMCID: PMC8705969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a fundamental tool in modern therapeutics, notably due to the expanding versatility of photosensitizers (PSs) and the numerous possibilities to combine aPDT with other antimicrobial treatments to combat localized infections. After revisiting the basic principles of aPDT, this review first highlights the current state of the art of curative or preventive aPDT applications with relevant clinical trials. In addition, the most recent developments in photochemistry and photophysics as well as advanced carrier systems in the context of aPDT are provided, with a focus on the latest generations of efficient and versatile PSs and the progress towards hybrid-multicomponent systems. In particular, deeper insight into combinatory aPDT approaches is afforded, involving non-radiative or other light-based modalities. Selected aPDT perspectives are outlined, pointing out new strategies to target and treat microorganisms. Finally, the review works out the evolution of the conceptually simple PDT methodology towards a much more sophisticated, integrated, and innovative technology as an important element of potent antimicrobial strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Youf
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Max Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ali Balasini
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (A.B.); (U.J.)
| | - Franck Thétiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6521, Université de Brest (UBO), CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Alizé Hascoët
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (A.B.); (U.J.)
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- Coordination Chemistry Team, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7312, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Tristan Montier
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
- CHRU de Brest, Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Maladies Neuromusculaires, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Tony Le Gall
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Successful treatment of chronic hyperplastic candidiasis with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy: A case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102633. [PMID: 34798345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) is a chronic oral mucosal infection caused by Candida. Refractory hyperplastic lesions may lead to epithelial dysplasia and carcinogenesis. Traditional surgical resection may cause irreversible damage and effect the patient's quality of life. This paper reports the case of a 63-year-old man with CHC. After routine treatment, local hyperplastic lesions remained. Photodynamic therapy with ALA was applied to the hyperplastic lesions and yielded satisfactory results, with no recurrence at 1 year. This case report describes a promising, effective method for the treatment of CHC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rojz JCC, Cotomacio CC, Caran EMM, Chen MJ, Figueiredo MLS. Photodynamic therapy to control oral candidiasis in a pediatric patient submitted to head and neck radiotherapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102627. [PMID: 34798350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast of the oral microbiome which can cause candidiasis in systemically susceptible individuals, such as those undergoing cancer treatment. The local management of the oral lesions is challenging and may be significantly improved with photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT consists of an association of light with a photosensitizing agent and oxygen, whose interaction produces reactive oxygen species capable of reducing non-specific microbial contamination without causing side effects. This study aimed to report a case in which oral candidiasis was managed with PDT. A 12-year-old male patient undergoing head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) for Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Neoplasm presented with dysgeusia, oral pain, and yeast infection on the 13th session of HNRT. The patient used topical antifungals for 30 consecutive days with no lesion or symptom remission. PDT was then proposed and the lesion was healed after a single PDT session, with no further clinical signs of infection and return to normal oral function. Local and non-invasive management of oral candidiasis is of utmost importance for immunocompromised patients, with good acceptability, no systemic side effects, and no drug interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia C Cotomacio
- Pediatric Oncology Institute/GRAACC (Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eliana M M Caran
- Pediatric Oncology Institute/GRAACC (Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Jenwei Chen
- Pediatric Oncology Institute/GRAACC (Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa S Figueiredo
- Pediatric Oncology Institute/GRAACC (Support Group for Children and Adolescents with Cancer), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aroso RT, Schaberle FA, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM. Photodynamic disinfection and its role in controlling infectious diseases. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1497-1545. [PMID: 34705261 PMCID: PMC8548867 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is witnessing a revival of its origins as a response to the rise of multi-drug resistant infections and the shortage of new classes of antibiotics. Photodynamic disinfection (PDDI) of microorganisms is making progresses in preclinical models and in clinical cases, and the perception of its role in the clinical armamentarium for the management of infectious diseases is changing. We review the positioning of PDDI from the perspective of its ability to respond to clinical needs. Emphasis is placed on the pipeline of photosensitizers that proved effective to inactivate biofilms, showed efficacy in animal models of infectious diseases or reached clinical trials. Novel opportunities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are briefly discussed. The molecular features of promising photosensitizers are emphasized and contrasted with those of photosensitizers used in the treatment of solid tumors. The development of photosensitizers has been accompanied by the fabrication of a variety of affordable and customizable light sources. We critically discuss the combination between photosensitizer and light source properties that may leverage PDDI and expand its applications to wider markets. The success of PDDI in the management of infectious diseases will ultimately depend on the efficacy of photosensitizers, affordability of the light sources, simplicity of the procedures, and availability of fast and efficient treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T Aroso
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fiołka MJ, Czaplewska P, Wójcik-Mieszawska S, Lewandowska A, Lewtak K, Sofińska-Chmiel W, Buchwald T. Metabolic, structural, and proteomic changes in Candida albicans cells induced by the protein-carbohydrate fraction of Dendrobaena veneta coelomic fluid. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16711. [PMID: 34408181 PMCID: PMC8373886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolated protein-polysaccharide fraction (AAF) from the coelomic fluid of Dendrobaena veneta earthworm shows effective activity against Candida albicans yeast. Fungal cells of the clinical strain after incubation with the active fraction were characterized by disturbed cell division and different morphological forms due to the inability to separate the cells from each other. Staining of the cells with acridine orange revealed a change in the pH of the AAF-treated cells. It was observed that, after the AAF treatment, the mitochondrial DNA migrated towards the nuclear DNA, whereupon both merged into a single nuclear structure, which preceded the apoptotic process. Cells with a large nucleus were imaged with the scanning electron cryomicroscopy (Cryo-SEM) technique, while enlarged mitochondria and the degeneration of cell structures were shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The loss of the correct cell shape and cell wall integrity was visualized by both the TEM and SEM techniques. Mass spectrometry and relative quantitative SWATH MS analysis were used to determine the reaction of the C. albicans proteome to the components of the AAF fraction. AAF was observed to influence the expression of mitochondrial and oxidative stress proteins. The oxidative stress in C. albicans cells caused by the action of AAF was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy, proteomic methods, and XPS spectroscopy. The secondary structure of AAF proteins was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Analysis of the elemental composition of AAF confirmed the homogeneity of the preparation. The observed action of AAF, which targets not only the cell wall but also the mitochondria, makes the preparation a potential antifungal drug killing the cells of the C. albicans pathogen through apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta J Fiołka
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Paulina Czaplewska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wójcik-Mieszawska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Lewandowska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kinga Lewtak
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Buchwald
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technical Physics, Institute of Materials Research and Quantum Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green against the standard and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1971-1977. [PMID: 34331604 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an alternative approach. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of aPDT with indocyanine green (ICG) against two Candida albicans (C. albicans) strains. In this in vitro study, the inoculum of standard ATCC 10,231 (S) and fluconazole-resistant (FR) strains were adjusted to the turbidity of a 0.5 McFarland standard. Each strain was allocated into 4 groups: S1 and FR1) control groups, S2 and FR2) ICG-treated groups (1 µg/mL), S3 and FR3) laser-irradiated groups (wavelength: 810 nm; mode: continuous-wave; output power: 300 mW; spot size: 4.5 mm; exposure time: 120 s; radiation dose: 228 J/cm2), S4 and FR4) ICG-mediated-aPDT groups. After treatments, the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was calculated. Using the XTT reduction assay, the effects of each treatment on Candida biofilm formation were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. In both strains, the maximum number of CFUs was observed in the control group, followed by ICG-treated, laser-irradiated, and ICG-mediated-aPDT groups. In ATCC 10,231 strain, the XTT assay exhibited significant difference between ICG-mediated-aPDT and control groups (p < 0.0001). However, the ICG, laser, and ICG-mediated-aPDT groups in fluconazole-resistant strain showed significant differences when compared with the control (p < 0.05). The mean Candida CFUs and the XTT assay did not show any significant difference between the ATCC 10,231 and fluconazole-resistant strains with respect to each treatment. Data suggest ICG-mediated-aPDT could diminish Candida CFUs in laboratory; however, further studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy and safety to be applied in clinics.
Collapse
|
28
|
Oliveira LVF, Apostólico N, Uriarte JJ, da Palma RK, Prates RA, Deana AM, Ferreira LR, Afonso JPR, de Paula Vieira R, de Oliveira Júnior MC, Navajas D, Farré R, Lopes-Martins RAB. Photodynamic Therapy in the Extracellular Matrix of Mouse Lungs: Preliminary Results of an Alternative Tissue Sterilization Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY 2021; 2021:1-9. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is one of the most difficult and delicate procedures among organ transplants. For the success of the procedure and survival of the new organ, the sterilization step for acellular lungs prior to recellularization is important to ensure that they are free of any risk of transmitting infections from the donor to the recipient subject. However, there are no available information concerning the lung mechanical parameters after sterilizing photodynamic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and lung mechanical parameters of decellularized lungs undergoing sterilizing photodynamic therapy (PDT). Besides, we also analyzed the lung after controlled infection with C. albicans in order to evaluate the effectiveness of PDT. The lung mechanical evaluation parameters, resistance (
) and elastance (
), exhibited no significant differences between groups. In addition, there were no PDT-induced changes in lung properties, with maintenance of the viscoelastic behavior of the lung scaffold after 1 h exposure to PDT. The ECM components remained virtually unchanged in the acellular lungs of both groups. We also showed that there was a reduction in fungal infection population after 45 minutes of PDT. However, more studies should be performed to establish and verify the effectiveness of PDT as a possible means for sterilizing lung scaffolds. This manuscript was presented as a master thesis of Nadua Apostólico at the postgraduate program in rehabilitation sciences, University Nove de Julho—UNINOVE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadua Apostólico
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juan José Uriarte
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renata Kelly da Palma
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Renato A. Prates
- Master’s and Doctoral Degree Programs in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Melo Deana
- Master’s and Doctoral Degree Programs in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodolfo Ferreira
- Master’s and Doctoral Degree Programs in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Ribeiro Afonso
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation (PPGMHR), University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Alvaro B. Lopes-Martins
- Human Movement and Rehabilitation (PPGMHR), University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, GO, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Du M, Xuan W, Zhen X, He L, Lan L, Yang S, Wu N, Qin J, Zhao R, Qin J, Lan J, Lu H, Liang C, Li Y, R Hamblin M, Huang L. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for oral Candida infection in adult AIDS patients: A pilot clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102310. [PMID: 33901690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue (MB) plus potassium iodide (KI) has been shown to be effective in killing Candida albicans in many in vitro and in vivo studies, however, there are limited reports of clinical investigations. This study aimed to explore the clinical application of aPDT with MB plus KI for the treatment of oral infection caused by C. albicans in adult acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS A total of 21 adult AIDS patients with C. albicans oral candidiasis were divided into two groups according to MB concentration and received two consecutive aPDT treatments. Immediately before and after the aPDT treatments, C. albicans yeast isolates were recovered to measure the colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL), biofilm formation, and to analyze the 25S rDNA genotype. Patients were assessed for the clinical recovery of oral lesions and improvement of symptoms. RESULTS The Log10 CFU/mL of C. albicans decreased significantly after the second aPDT but not the first aPDT. There was no significant difference between the two MB concentrations. Both aPDT protocols decreased the oral lesions and clinical symptoms with no significant difference after 2-fraction aPDT. The biofilm formation of C. albicans isolates did not change before and after aPDT. The killing efficiency of 2-fraction-aPDT was not associated with either biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype. CONCLUSIONS Two-fraction-aPDT with MB plus KI could reduce the number of viable C. albicans fungal cells and improve the clinical symptoms of oral candidiasis in adult AIDS patients, regardless of the biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype of infected C. albicans isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530201, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lina Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Nianning Wu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jinmei Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jianglong Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jian Lan
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Huan Lu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Cuijin Liang
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
An Insight into the Role of Non-Porphyrinoid Photosensitizers for Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010234. [PMID: 33379392 PMCID: PMC7795024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept behind photodynamic therapy (PDT) is being successfully applied in different biomedical contexts such as cancer diseases, inactivation of microorganisms and, more recently, to improve wound healing and tissue regeneration. The effectiveness of PDT in skin treatments is associated with the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by a photosensitizer (PS), which acts as a "double agent". The release of ROS must be high enough to prevent microbial growth and, simultaneously, to accelerate the immune system response by recruiting important regenerative agents to the wound site. The growing interest in this subject is reflected by the increasing number of studies concerning the optimization of relevant experimental parameters for wound healing via PDT, namely, light features, the structure and concentration of the PS, and the wound type and location. Considering the importance of developing PSs with suitable features for this emergent topic concerning skin wound healing, in this review, a special focus on the achievements attained for each PS class, namely, of the non-porphyrinoid type, is given.
Collapse
|
31
|
do Prado-Silva L, Gomes ATPC, Mesquita MQ, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A, Braga GÚL, Sant'Ana AS. Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment as an alternative approach for Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris inactivation. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108803. [PMID: 32798958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a cause of major concern for the orange juice industry due to its thermal and chemical resistance, as well as its spoilage potential. A. acidoterrestris spoilage of orange juice is due to off-flavor taints from guaiacol production and some halophenols. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial Photodynamic Treatment (aPDT) as an emerging technology to inactivate the spores of A. acidoterrestris. The aPDT efficiency towards A. acidoterrestris was evaluated using as photosensitizers the tetracationic porphyrin (Tetra-Py+-Me) and the phenothiazinium dye new methylene blue (NMB) in combination with white light-emitting diode (LED; 400-740 nm; 65-140 mW/cm2). The spores of A. acidoterrestris were cultured on YSG agar plates (pH 3.7 ± 0.1) at 45 °C for 28 days and submitted to the aPDT with Tetra-Py+-Me and NMB at 10 μM in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in combination with white light (140 mW/cm2). The use of Tetra-Py+-Me at 10 μM resulted in a 7.3 ± 0.04 log reduction of the viability of A. acidoterrestris spores. No reductions in the viability of this bacterium were observed with NMB at 10 μM. Then, the aPDT with Tetra-Py+-Me and NMB at 10 μM in orange juice (UHT; pH 3.9; 11°Brix) alone and combined with potassium iodide (KI) was evaluated. The presence of KI was able to potentiate the aPDT process in orange juice, promoting the inactivation of 5 log CFU/mL of A. acidoterrestris spores after 10 h of white light exposition (140 mW/cm2). However, in the absence of KI, both photosensitizers did not promote a significant reduction in the spore viability. The inactivation of A. acidoterrestris spores artificially inoculated in orange peels (105 spores/mL) was also assessed using Tetra-Py+-Me at 10 and 50 μM in the presence and absence of KI in combination with white light (65 mW/cm2). No significant reductions were observed (p < .05) when Tetra-Py+-Me was used at 10 μM, however at the highest concentration (50 μM) a significant spore reduction (≈ 2.8 log CFU/mL reductions) in orange peels was observed after 6 h of sunlight exposition (65 mW/cm2). Although the color, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity of orange juice and peel (only color evaluation) seem to have been affected by light exposition, the impact on the visual and nutritional characteristics of the products remains inconclusive so far. Besides that, the results found suggest that aPDT can be a potential method for the reduction of A. acidoterrestris spores on orange groves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo do Prado-Silva
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Q Mesquita
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iramaia A Neri-Numa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Candida albicans cell wall as a target of action for the protein-carbohydrate fraction from coelomic fluid of Dendrobaena veneta. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16352. [PMID: 33004852 PMCID: PMC7529762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-polysaccharide fraction (AAF) isolated from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta destroys C. albicans cells by changing their morphology, disrupting cell division, and leading to cell death. Morphological changes in C. albicans cells induced by treatment with AAF were documented using DIC, SEM, and AFM. Congo Red staining showed that the fungal wall structure was changed after incubation with AAF. The effect on C. albicans cell walls was shown by AFM analysis of the surface roughness of fungal cell walls and changes in the wall thickness were visualized using Cryo-SEM. The FTIR analysis of C. albicans cells incubated with AAF indicated attachment of protein or peptide compounds to the fungal walls. The intact LC-ESI-MS analysis allowed accurate determination of the masses of molecules present in AAF. As shown by the chromatographic study, the fraction does not cross biological membranes. The Cryo-TEM analysis of AAF demonstrated the ability of smaller subunits to combine into larger agglomerates. AAF is thermally stable, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. AAF can be considered as a potential antifungal antibiotic with activity against clinical C. albicans strains.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ndemueda A, Pereira I, Faustino MAF, Cunha Â. Photodynamic inactivation of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:420-427. [PMID: 32628776 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present work intended to evaluate the applicability of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri with toluidine blue O (TBO), a commercial photosensitizer, as a strategy to control citrus canker. Assays were conducted with cell suspensions and biofilms, constructed either on polypropylene microtubes (in vitro assays) or on the surface of orange leaves (ex vivo assays), in the presence of TBO and under irradiation with artificial white light or natural sunlight. PDI assays using TBO alone caused a maximum 5·8 log10 reduction of X. citri viable cells in suspensions, and a much smaller inactivation (1·5 log10) in biofilms. However, concomitant use of KI potentiated the TBO photosensitization. Biofilms were inactivated down to the detection limit (>6 log10 reduction) with 5·0 µmol l-1 TBO + 10 mmol l-1 KI (in vitro) or 5·0 µmol l-1 TBO + 100 mmol l-1 KI (ex vivo) after artificial white light irradiation. Under natural sunlight, a reduction down to the detection limit of the Miles-Misra method was achieved with 50 µmol l-1 TBO and 100 mmol l-1 KI. PDI has potential to be applied in the control of citrus canker in field conditions although further studies are needed to show that there are no risks to plant physiology or fruit quality. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a major cause of disease in citrus orchards. Because of the low efficacy and high environmental toxicity of copper-based treatments, there is growing interest on more sustainable phytosanitary approaches. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is being successfully used to control infectious agents and literature reports indicate that it is effective against some fungi and bacteria attacking fruit crops. The results of the present work open the perspective of using a low-cost photosensitizer and sunlight, as energy source, to control of the causative agent of citrus canker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ndemueda
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Pereira
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Â Cunha
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lopes MM, Bartolomeu M, Gomes ATPC, Figueira E, Pinto R, Reis L, Balcão VM, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Almeida A. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Transmission by Kiwifruit Pollen. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1022. [PMID: 32664270 PMCID: PMC7409219 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen responsible for bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants and can be disseminated through pollen. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the inactivation of Psa on kiwifruit pollen using New Methylene Blue (NMB) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence/absence of potassium iodide (KI). Pollen germination assays were also performed to evaluate if it was affected by aPDT. Higher reduction of Psa was achieved using NMB (5.0 μM) combined with KI (100 mM) in vitro (ca. 8 log CFU mL-1 after 90 min of irradiation), while NMB alone promoted a lower reduction (3.7 log CFU mL-1). The most efficient NMB concentration with KI was used to study the photodynamic efficiency of MB (5.0 μM). MB with KI photo-inactivated Psa more efficiently than NMB, causing the same bacterial reduction (ca. 8 log CFU mL-1) in half the irradiation time (45 min). Therefore, MB was selected for the subsequent ex vivo aPDT assays in pollen. Almost all the Psa cells added artificially to the pollen (3.2 log CFU mL-1) were photo-inactivated (3.1 log CFU mL-1), whereas aPDT had a low effect on pollen natural microorganisms. When KI was added, a significant increase in aPDT effectiveness was observed (4.5 log CFU mL-1). No negative effects were observed in the pollen germination after aPDT. The results show aPDT is an effective and safe method to Psa inactivation on kiwifruit pollen, and MB use is a promising alternative in the control of Psa transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M Lopes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís Reis
- APK-Associação Portuguesa de Kiwicultores, 4520-249 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Victor M Balcão
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sugio CYC, Garcia AAMN, Albach T, Moraes GS, Bonfante EA, Urban VM, Neppelenbroek KH. Candida-Associated Denture Stomatitis and Murine Models: What Is the Importance and Scientific Evidence? J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020070. [PMID: 32456172 PMCID: PMC7344758 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence and recurrence of Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS), in vivo studies in animal models are necessary before those in humans to evaluate new therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to review the literature on murine models of CADS induction using acrylic intraoral devices simulating dentures. Rats are recommended as experimental animals in these models as well as the adoption of a pasty diet. For maintenance in the proper position during the experiments, intraoral appliances must be obtained by individual impressions, using and retained exclusively by cementation on the molars. The region of interest for histopathological analysis was standardized as that corresponding to the area between the first molars. However, there is no consensus among the studies on the CADS induction rat models in relation to the Candida albicans inoculation and need for immunosuppression and/or administration of antibacterial drugs of animals. The greatest difficulty of the available models refers to maintaining the course of the lesion for a sufficient period to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed treatment, considering the rapid and efficient murine immune response to candidal colonization. Therefore, future studies are necessary for the development of a robust and reproducible CADS model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Yoshi Campos Sugio
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil; (C.Y.C.S.); (A.A.M.N.G.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Amanda Aparecida Maia Neves Garcia
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil; (C.Y.C.S.); (A.A.M.N.G.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Thaís Albach
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (G.S.M.); (V.M.U.)
| | - Gustavo Simão Moraes
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (G.S.M.); (V.M.U.)
| | - Estevam Augusto Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil; (C.Y.C.S.); (A.A.M.N.G.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Vanessa Migliorini Urban
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-900, Brazil; (T.A.); (G.S.M.); (V.M.U.)
| | - Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, SP 17012-901, Brazil; (C.Y.C.S.); (A.A.M.N.G.); (E.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3235-8245; Fax: +55-14-3235-8277
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stájer A, Kajári S, Gajdács M, Musah-Eroje A, Baráth Z. Utility of Photodynamic Therapy in Dentistry: Current Concepts. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:E43. [PMID: 32392793 PMCID: PMC7345245 DOI: 10.3390/dj8020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant growth in scientific and technological advancements within the field of dentistry has resulted in a wide range of novel treatment modalities for dentists to use. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, non-invasive treatment method, involving photosensitizers, light of a specific wavelength and the generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate unwanted eukaryotic cells (e.g., malignancies in the oral cavity) or pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this review article is to summarize the history, general concepts, advantages and disadvantages of PDT and to provide examples for current indications of PDT in various subspecialties of dentistry (oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine, endodontics, preventive dentistry, periodontology and implantology), in addition to presenting some images from our own experiences about the clinical success with PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia Kajári
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Aima Musah-Eroje
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.-E.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tiszta Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.-E.); (Z.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Malik NKA, Alkadhi OH. Effectiveness of mechanical debridement with and without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral yeasts in children with gingivitis undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101768. [PMID: 32305653 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the effectiveness of mechanical debridement (MD) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against oral yeasts in children with gingivitis undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy (FOT). METHODS Individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Patients were randomly divided into 2-groups. In the test-group, patients underwent MD with adjuvant aPDT; and in the control-group, patients underwent MD alone. Demographic information was recorded using a questionnaire. An ultrasonic scaler was used to perform MD and aPDT was done using methylene blue and visible light. In both groups, gingival index, unstimulated whole salivary flow rate and oral yeasts counts were measured at baseline and compared at 6-months' follow-up. Group comparisons were performed and P < 0.05 was selected as an indicator of statistical significance. RESULTS Eighteen (10 males and 8 females) and 18 individuals (9 males and 9 females) were included in the test- and control groups. The mean age of individuals in the test and control groups were 16.6 ± 0.5 and 16.8 ± 0.4 years, respectively. At 6-months' follow-up, the GI was comparable among patients in the test- and control-group. In the test-group, the CFU/ml of oral yeasts were significantly higher at baseline compared with 6-months' follow-up (P < 0.05). In the control-group, there was no statistically significant difference in the CFU/ml of oral yeasts at baseline and 6-months' follow-up. CONCLUSION aPDT is a useful adjuvant to MD in reducing whole salivary oral yeasts counts among adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment. In the sort-term, MD with and without aPDT is useful in reducing GI in adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naif Khalid Al Malik
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Division of Orthodontics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar Hamad Alkadhi
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Division of Orthodontics, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Karner L, Drechsler S, Metzger M, Hacobian A, Schädl B, Slezak P, Grillari J, Dungel P. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy fighting polymicrobial infections – a journey from in vitro to in vivo. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1332-1343. [DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The batericidal effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), using methylene blue as a photosensitizer and pulsed red LED light for activation, were tested in various environments in vitro and in a wound model in mice infected with a fecal bacterial suspension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Karner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Susanne Drechsler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Magdalena Metzger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Barbara Schädl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
- University Clinic of Dentistry
- Medical University of Vienna
| | - Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| | - Peter Dungel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research Center
- Vienna
- Austria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hasenleitner M, Plaetzer K. In the Right Light: Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms Using a LED-Based Illumination Device Tailored for the Antimicrobial Application. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:antibiotics9010013. [PMID: 31906034 PMCID: PMC7168192 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria threaten the health of people world-wide and cause high costs to their health systems. According to Scientific American, the number of regrettable fatalities due to the bacteria that are resistant to conventional antibiotics will sum up to 300 million until 2050 if the problem is not tackled immediately. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) has proven effective against microorganisms irrespective of their resistance to conventional treatment, but for the translation into clinical practice, economic, homogenous and powerful light sources holding approval as medical devices are needed. In this study we present two novel light emitting diode (LED)-based lamps (Repuls7PDI-red and Repuls7PDI-blue) tailored for application in PDI and demonstrate their photodynamic efficiency upon using either methylene blue (MB), a photoactive compound widely used in PDI, or Sodium Magnesium Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivative of chlorophyll, which holds approval as food additive E140, against bacteria and fungi. Gram+ Staphylococcus aureus, Gram- Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans serve as model systems. Repuls7PDI-red emits a wavelength of 635 nm and an intensity of 27.6 ± 2.4 mW·cm-2 at a distance of 13.5 cm between the light source and the target, while the Repuls7PDI-blue allows an exposure at 433 nm (within the range of violet light) (6.4 ± 0.5 mW·cm-2 at 13.5 cm). Methylene blue was photoactivated with the Repuls7PDI-red at 635 nm (25.6 J·cm-2) and allows for photokilling of E. coli by more than 6 log10 steps at a concentration of 10 µM MB. Using equal parameters, more than 99.99999% of S. aureus (20 µM MB) and 99.99% of C. albicans (50 µM MB) were killed. If blue light (Repuls7PDI-blue, 433 nm, 6.6 J·cm2) is used to trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a photoinactivation of S. aureus (5 µM CHL, CFU reduction > 7 log10) and C. albicans (>7 log10) below the detection limit is achieved. PDI based on CHL (10 µM) using red light activation reduces the number of viable S. aureus by more than 6 log10. Our data prove that both LED-based light sources are applicable for Photodynamic Inactivation. Their easy-to-use concept, high light output and well-defined wavelength might facilitate the translation of PDI into clinical practice.
Collapse
|
40
|
Alves IA, Savi FM, de Vasconcelos C. Braz J, Quintans Junior LJ, Serafini MR. The Patenting and Technological Trends in Candidiasis Treatment: A Systematic Review (2014-2018). Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2629-2639. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191030091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In the last few decades, mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi namely Candida
species has gained significant attention. Such infections are very common and present high mortality
rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. Currently, a limited number of antifungal drugs
are available for the treatment of these infections and are also often related to severe adverse side effects.
Therefore, new drugs and innovative technologies for the treatment of this infection are necessary.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of new drugs, formulations, as well as
patents for the treatment of infections caused by Candida spp.
Methods:
The present patent review was carried out through a specialized search database Espacenet.
The patent selection was based on the following inclusion criteria: Recent patents published in English
or Spanish containing candidiasis as the keyword in the title, abstract or full text. This survey was conducted
in October and November 2018.
Results:
As a result of that, 22 patents were selected to the final selection, the most common routes of
application were oral (n = 6), vaginal (n = 6), topical (n = 5) and others (n = 5). This fact is related to the
clinical manifestations of candidiasis.
Conclusion:
Through this review, it was possible to identify significant improvements and advances in
the area of antifungal therapeutic innovation research. In addition, we demonstrated the growing interest
of academic and industrial groups in pharmaceutical development and novel formulations for the treatment
of candidiasis. New therapeutic options can contribute to improve the quality of patient’s life, prevent
infections and promote the search for an innovative and effective treatment of Candida infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Almeida Alves
- Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missoes, Santo Angelo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávia Medeiros Savi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Juliana de Vasconcelos C. Braz
- Department of Pharmacy, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo José Quintans Junior
- Department of Pharmacy, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Sergipe, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Tetracyclines: light-activated antibiotics? Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2427-2445. [PMID: 31544504 PMCID: PMC6785754 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines are well established antibiotics but show phototoxicity as a side effect. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation uses nontoxic dyes combined with harmless light to destroy microbial cells by reactive oxygen species. Tetracyclines (demeclocycline and doxycycline) can act as light-activated antibiotics by binding to bacterial cells and killing them only upon illumination. The remaining tetracyclines can prevent bacterial regrowth after illumination has ceased. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation can be potentiated by potassium iodide. Azide quenched the formation of iodine, but not hydrogen peroxide. Demeclotetracycline (but not doxycycline) iodinated tyrosine after light activation in the presence of potassium iodide. Bacteria are killed by photoactivation of tetracyclines in the absence of oxygen. Since topical tetracyclines are already used clinically, blue light activation may increase the bactericidal effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard – MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Trevisan E, Menegazzi R, Zabucchi G, Troian B, Prato S, Vita F, Rapozzi V, Grandolfo M, Borelli V. Effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy on human neutrophil functional responses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 199:111605. [PMID: 31473428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become an emerging novel therapeutic approach for treating localized microbial infections, particularly those sustained by multidrug-resistant strains. Given the irreplaceable role played by professional phagocytes in limiting infections, such as polymorphonuclear neutrophils, any newly designed antimicrobial therapeutic approach must not interfere with their function. The present investigation presents a detailed analysis of the effect of PDT on the viability and several functional responses of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils loaded with methylene blue (MB), one of the more commonly used photosensitizers in antimicrobial PDT. Taking advantage of the use of a specifically-designed optical LED array for illuminating MB-loaded human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, a number of cell functions have been assayed under miniaturized, strictly controlled and reproducible experimental conditions. The major findings of this study are the following: (1) MB-PDT increases human neutrophils adhesion and does not modify myeloperoxidase release; (2) MB-PDT markedly enhances reactive oxygen species generation that is independent of superoxide-forming phagocytic oxidase and very likely ascribable to LED-dependent excitation of accumulated methylene blue; (3) MB-PDT almost abolishes human neutrophils candidacidal activity by hindering the engulfing machinery. This in vitro study may represent a valuable reference point for future research on PDT applications for treating localized microbial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Trevisan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Zabucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Barbara Troian
- A.P.E. Research Srl, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34012, Italy.
| | - Stefano Prato
- A.P.E. Research Srl, Area Science Park, Basovizza, Trieste 34012, Italy.
| | - Francesca Vita
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Micaela Grandolfo
- International School for Advenced Studies, Neurobiology sector, Via Bonomea, 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Violetta Borelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rodrigues CF, Rodrigues ME, Henriques MC. Promising Alternative Therapeutics for Oral Candidiasis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2515-2528. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180601102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
:Candida is the main human fungal pathogen causing infections (candidiasis), mostly in the elderly and immunocompromised hosts. Even though Candida spp. is a member of the oral microbiota in symbiosis, in some circumstances, it can cause microbial imbalance leading to dysbiosis, resulting in oral diseases. Alternative therapies are urgently needed to treat oral candidiasis (usually associated to biofilms), as several antifungal drugs’ activity has been compromised. This has occurred especially due to an increasing occurrence of drugresistant in Candida spp. strains. The overuse of antifungal medications, systemic toxicity, cross-reactivity with other drugs and a presently low number of drug molecules with antifungal activity, have contributed to important clinical limitations.:We undertook a structured search of bibliographic databases (PubMed Central, Elsevier’s ScienceDirect, SCOPUS and Springer’s SpringerLink) for peer-reviewed research literature using a focused review in the areas of alternatives to manage oral candidiasis. The keywords used were “candidiasis”, “oral candidiasis”, “biofilm + candida”, “alternative treatment”, “combination therapy + candida” and the reports from the last 10 to 15 years were considered for this review.:This review identified several promising new approaches in the treatment of oral candidiasis: combination anti-Candida therapies, denture cleansers, mouth rinses as alternatives for disrupting candidal biofilms, natural compounds (e.g. honey, probiotics, plant extracts and essential oils) and photodynamic therapy.:The findings of this review confirm the importance and the urgency of the development of efficacious therapies for oral candidal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia F. Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratorio de Investigacao em Biofilmes Rosario Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria E. Rodrigues
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratorio de Investigacao em Biofilmes Rosario Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana C.R. Henriques
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratorio de Investigacao em Biofilmes Rosario Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wiench R, Skaba D, Stefanik N, Kępa M, Gilowski Ł, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Assessment of sensitivity of selected Candida strains on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using diode laser 635 nm and toluidine blue - In vitro research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:241-247. [PMID: 31200011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy is believed to be a promising treatment for Candida infections. This study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using the 635 nm diode laser light and toluidine blue (TB) in the elimination of selected Candida species cultured on acrylic surface. METHODS 108 acrylic plates (Methyl Methacrylate Polymer, routinely used for the production of prosthetic dentures) were placed in three sterile Petri dishes and poured with prepared suspensions of Candida strains: C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. krusei. After all procedures of fungi incubation, fungal biofilm was visible on the plates' surfaces. The acrylic plates were divided into nine study groups (B) and nine control groups (K) for further experiments. In the study groups, the acrylic plates with fungal biofilm were immersed in TB and afterwards laser irradiation was applicated with different exposure parameters (groups: B1 - 400 mW, 24 J/cm2, 30 s; B2 - 300 mW, 18 J/cm2, 30 s; B3 - 200 mW, 12 J/cm2, 30 s) separately for each Candida species. The control groups contained following parameters: no exposure to laser light or TB, treatment only with TB without laser irradiation, or only laser irradiation without previous immersion in TB. Calculations of colony forming units (CFUs) were conducted by using aCOlyte (Synbiosis). Differences in CFUs were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS In all study groups, the reduction in CFUs was statistically significant. The differences in CFUs before and after intervention were insignificant. The K3 C.a. control group showed a statistical reduction of Candida albicans after laser irradiation. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed the efficacy of aPDT against C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei being dependent on the laser parameters and the type of fungus. The advantage of this study is the validation of aPDT effectiveness in in vitro studies to transpose this data into future clinical trials using photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Wiench
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Pl. Traugutta 2, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Skaba
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Pl. Traugutta 2, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Natalia Stefanik
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Pl. Traugutta 2, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kępa
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Microbiology and Virology, ul. Jagiellońska 4, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gilowski
- Private Practice: Gabinet Stomatologiczny Milenium, ul. Spółdzielcza 27A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego Street 15, 41-902, Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Department of Internal Diseases, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego Street 15, 41-902, Bytom, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Comparison of the efficacy of indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy and nystatin therapy in treatment of denture stomatitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:193-197. [PMID: 31185323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida species have an influence in the pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with nystatin mouthwash (PDT + nystatin) for the treatment of denture stomatitis in comparison with routine antifungal therapy with nystatin alone. METHODS In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 66 patients were randomly assigned into PDT + nystatin (n = 33) and nystatin (n = 33) groups, both groups were treated 3-times a day (15 days) with nystatin mouthwash, and PDT was performed twice once a week for the PDT + nystatin group. Briefly, ICG was applied on the palatal lesion and laser irradiation was performed using a diode laser (810 nm, 56 J/cm2). Nystatin group was also treated with sham laser in order to eliminate the possible psychological effects. The clinical and mycological evaluations were carried out at the baseline, during treatment, and the end of follow-up. Patients who completed the treatment and follow-up were eligible for statistical analysis (each group 28 cases). RESULTS Patient treatment with nystatin or PDT + nystatin reduced the lesions extension. Candida species were isolated from all patients and the number of Candida CFU in both groups showed a significant reduction at each post-treatment visit; however, the mean reduction achieved in the PDT + nystatin group was significantly higher than nystatin alone. CONCLUSIONS ICG-mediated PDT in combination with nystatin mouthwash can improve the clinical feature of denture stomatitis with no adverse effects; therefore, it could be used as an alternative to the currently available antifungal therapy using nystatin alone.
Collapse
|
46
|
Vieira C, Santos A, Mesquita MQ, Gomes ATPC, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A. Advances in aPDT based on the combination of a porphyrinic formulation with potassium iodide: Effectiveness on bacteria and fungi planktonic/biofilm forms and viruses. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing world-wide rate of antibiotic resistance as well as the capacity of microorganisms to form biofilms, have led to a higher incidence of mortal infections that require alternative methods for their control. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerged as an effective solution against resistant strains. The present work aims to evaluate the aPDT efficiency of a photosensitizer (PS) based on a low-cost formulation constituted by five cationic porphyrins (FORM) and its potentiation effect by KI on a broad spectrum of microorganisms under white light (380–700 nm, 25 W/m[Formula: see text]. The aPDT assays were performed with different concentrations of FORM (0.1 to 5.0 [Formula: see text]M) and 100 mM of KI on planktonic and biofilm forms of gram-positive (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus–MRSA) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin) bacteria, of the fungi Candida albicans and on a T4-like bacteriophage as a mammalian virus model. The results indicate that the FORM alone is an efficient PS to photoinactivate not only gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but also C. albicans, in planktonic and biofilm forms, and T4-like phage at low concentrations (<5.0 [Formula: see text]M). The presence of KI enhanced the photodynamic effect of this FORM for all microorganisms on the planktonic form, allowing the reduction of PS concentration and treatment time. The results also show that the combination FORM/KI is highly efficient in the elimination of already well-established biofilms of E. coli,S. aureus and C. albicans. This effect is probably associated with longer-lived iodine reactive species produced during the aPDT treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Vieira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adriele Santos
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá - Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Q. Mesquita
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T. P. C. Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Graça P. M. S. Neves
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Amparo F. Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance requires development of alternative therapeutic options. Multidrug-resistant strains of Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. are still the most commonly identified antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. These microorganisms are part of the so-called 'ESKAPE' pathogens to emphasize that they currently cause the majority of hospital acquired infections and effectively 'escape' the effects of antibacterial drugs. Thus, alternative, safer and more efficient antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed, especially against 'ESKAPE' superbugs. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is a therapeutic option used in the treatment of infectious diseases. It is based on a combination of a photosensitizer, light and oxygen to remove highly metabolically active cells.
Collapse
|
48
|
Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Can light-based approaches overcome antimicrobial resistance? Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:48-67. [PMID: 30070718 PMCID: PMC6359990 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The relentless rise of antibiotic resistance is considered one of the most serious problems facing mankind. This mini-review will cover three cutting-edge approaches that use light-based techniques to kill antibiotic-resistant microbial species, and treat localized infections. First, we will discuss antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation using rationally designed photosensitizes combined with visible light, with the added possibility of strong potentiation by inorganic salts such as potassium iodide. Second, the use of blue and violet light alone that activates endogenous photoactive porphyrins within the microbial cells. Third, it is used for "safe UVC" at wavelengths between 200 nm and 230 nm that can kill microbial cells without damaging host mammalian cells. We have gained evidence that all these approaches can kill multidrug resistant bacteria in vitro, and they do not induce themselves any resistance, and moreover can treat animal models of localized infections caused by resistant species that can be monitored by noninvasive bioluminescence imaging. Light-based antimicrobial approaches are becoming a growing translational part of anti-infective treatments in the current age of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sagrillo FS, Dias C, Gomes ATPC, Faustino MAF, Almeida A, Gonçalves de Souza A, Costa ARP, Boechat FDCS, Bastos Vieira de Souza MC, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Synthesis and photodynamic effects of new porphyrin/4-oxoquinoline derivatives in the inactivation of S. aureus. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1910-1922. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
New porphyrin/4-oxoquinoline conjugates were synthesized and shown to be excellent photosensitizing agents in the inactivation of S. aureus by the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Savacini Sagrillo
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
| | - Cristina Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | | | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM
- University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Alan Gonçalves de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Paziani MH, Tonani L, de Menezes HD, Bachmann L, Wainwright M, Braga GÚL, von Zeska Kress MR. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with phenothiazinium photosensitizers in non-vertebrate model Galleria mellonella infected with Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium moniliforme. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 25:197-203. [PMID: 30586617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium moniliforme are filamentous fungi common in the environment and cause mycosis in both animals and plants. Human infections include mycetoma, keratitis and onychomycosis, while deeper mycosis occurs in immunocompromised patients. Most of the Fusarium spp. are frequently resistant to treatment with currently used antifungals. The frequent occurrence of antifungal resistance has motivated the study of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an alternative treatment for fungal infections. Many studies have investigated the in vitro use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to kill fungi, but rarely in animal models of infection. Thus, here we employed the invertebrate wax moth Galleria mellonella to study the in vivo effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with three different phenothiazinium photosensitizers, methylene blue, new methylene blue N and the pentacyclic S137 against infection with microconidia of Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium moniliforme. The effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using these photosensitizers and light-emitting diodes with an emission peak at 635 nm and an integrated irradiance from 570 to 670 nm of 9.8 mW cm-2 was investigated regarding the toxicity, fungal burden, larval survival and cellular immune response. The results from this model indicate that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with methylene blue, new methylene blue N and S137 is efficient for the treatment of infection with F. keratoplasticum and F. moniliforme. The efficiency can be attributed to the fungal cell damage caused by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy which facilitates the action of the host immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Henrique Paziani
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla Tonani
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dantas de Menezes
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luciano Bachmann
- Departamento de Fisica, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciencias e Letras de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina von Zeska Kress
- Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|