1
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Hiya HJ, Nakashima Y, Takeuchi A, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Murata Y, Munemasa S. Outward-rectifying potassium channels GORK and SKOR function in regulation of root growth under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154322. [PMID: 39137481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants often face high salinity as a significant environmental challenge with roots being the first responders to this stress. Maintaining K+/Na+ ratio within plant cells is crucial for survival, as the intracellular K+ level decreases and the intracellular Na+ level increases under saline conditions. However, knowledge about the molecular regulatory mechanisms of K+ loss in response to salt stress through outward-rectifying K+ channels in plants is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis double mutant gorkskor, in which the GORK and SKOR genes are disrupted, showed an improved primary root growth under salt stress compared to wild-type (WT) and the gork and skor single-mutant plants. No significant differences in the sensitivity to mannitol stress between the WT and gorkskor mutant were observed. Accumulation of ROS induced by salt stress was reduced in the gorkskor roots. The gorkskor mutant seedlings had significantly higher K+ content, lower Na+ content, and a greater resultant K+/Na+ ratio than the WT under salt stress. Moreover, salt-stress-induced elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration was reduced in the gorkskor roots. Taken together, these results suggest that Arabidopsis Shaker-type outward-rectifying K+ channels GORK and SKOR may redundantly function in regulation of primary root growth under salt stress and are involved in not only the late-stage response (e.g. K+ leakage) but also the early response including ROS production and [Ca2+]cyt elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Jahan Hiya
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakashima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Airi Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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2
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Tian Q, Yu T, Dong M, Hu Y, Chen X, Xue Y, Fang Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xue D. Identification and Characterization of Shaker Potassium Channel Gene Family and Response to Salt and Chilling Stress in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9728. [PMID: 39273675 PMCID: PMC11395327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Shaker potassium channel proteins are a class of voltage-gated ion channels responsible for K+ uptake and translocation, playing a crucial role in plant growth and salt tolerance. In this study, bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the members within the Shaker gene family. Moreover, the expression patterns of rice Shaker(OsShaker) K+ channel genes were analyzed in different tissues and salt treatment by RT-qPCR. The results revealed that there were eight OsShaker K+ channel genes distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7 in rice, and their promoters contained a variety of cis-regulatory elements, including hormone-responsive, light-responsive, and stress-responsive elements, etc. Most of the OsShaker K+ channel genes were expressed in all tissues of rice, but at different levels in different tissues. In addition, the expression of OsShaker K+ channel genes differed in the timing, organization and intensity of response to salt and chilling stress. In conclusion, our findings provide a reference for the understanding of OsShaker K+ channel genes, as well as their potential functions in response to salt and chilling stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiang Tian
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tongyuan Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengyuan Dong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yunxia Fang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Medicinal Plants, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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3
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Zhang M, Wu M, Xu T, Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Xie Q, Wang J, Sun S, Zhang Q, Ma R, Xie L. A putative Na +/H + antiporter BpSOS1 contributes to salt tolerance in birch. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112181. [PMID: 38969141 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
White birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) is an important pioneer tree which plays a critical role in maintaining ecosystem stability and forest regeneration. The growth of birch is dramatically inhibited by salt stress, especially the root inhibition. Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1) is the only extensively characterized Na+ efflux transporter in multiple plant species. The salt-hypersensitive mutant, sos1, display significant inhibition of root growth by NaCl. However, the role of SOS1 in birch responses to salt stress remains unclear. Here, we characterized a putative Na+/H+ antiporter BpSOS1 in birch and generated the loss-of-function mutants of the birch BpSOS1 by CRISPR/Cas9 approach. The bpsos1 mutant exhibit exceptional increased salt sensitivity which links to excessive Na+ accumulation in root, stem and old leaves. We observed a dramatic reduction of K+ contents in leaves of the bpsos1 mutant plants under salt stress. Furthermore, the Na+/K+ ratio of roots and leaves is significant higher in the bpsos1 mutants than the wild-type plants under salt stress. The ability of Na+ efflux in the root meristem zone is found to be impaired which might result the imbalance of Na+ and K+ in the bpsos1 mutants. Our findings indicate that the Na+/H+ exchanger BpSOS1 plays a critical role in birch salt tolerance by maintaining Na+ homeostasis and provide evidence for molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance in birch and other trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Xu
- The Editorial Board of Journal of Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Junfeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Renyi Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Gaoligong Mountain, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China.
| | - Linan Xie
- School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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4
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Xue B, Duan W, Gong L, Zhu D, Li X, Li X, Liang YK. The OsDIR55 gene increases salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1550-1568. [PMID: 38412303 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The increased soil salinity is becoming a major challenge to produce more crops and feed the growing population of the world. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of OsDIR55 gene enhances rice salt tolerance by altering the root diffusion barrier. OsDIR55 is broadly expressed in all examined tissues and organs with the maximum expression levels at lignified regions in rice roots. Salt stress upregulates the expression of OsDIR55 gene in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner. Loss-function and overexpression of OsDIR55 compromised and improved the development of CS and root diffusion barrier, manifested with the decreased and increased width of CS, respectively, and ultimately affected the permeability of the apoplastic diffusion barrier in roots. OsDIR55 deficiency resulted in Na+ accumulation, ionic imbalance, and growth arrest, whereas overexpression of OsDIR55 enhances salinity tolerance and provides an overall benefit to plant growth and yield potential. Collectively, we propose that OsDIR55 is crucial for ions balance control and salt stress tolerance through regulating lignification-mediated root barrier modifications in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoping Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Luping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
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5
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Blatt MR. A charged existence: A century of transmembrane ion transport in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:79-110. [PMID: 38163639 PMCID: PMC11060664 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
If the past century marked the birth of membrane transport as a focus for research in plants, the past 50 years has seen the field mature from arcane interest to a central pillar of plant physiology. Ion transport across plant membranes accounts for roughly 30% of the metabolic energy consumed by a plant cell, and it underpins virtually every aspect of plant biology, from mineral nutrition, cell expansion, and development to auxin polarity, fertilization, plant pathogen defense, and senescence. The means to quantify ion flux through individual transporters, even single channel proteins, became widely available as voltage clamp methods expanded from giant algal cells to the fungus Neurospora crassa in the 1970s and the cells of angiosperms in the 1980s. Here, I touch briefly on some key aspects of the development of modern electrophysiology with a focus on the guard cells of stomata, now without dispute the premier plant cell model for ion transport and its regulation. Guard cells have proven to be a crucible for many technical and conceptual developments that have since emerged into the mainstream of plant science. Their study continues to provide fundamental insights and carries much importance for the global challenges that face us today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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6
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Yuan G, Nong T, Hunpatin OS, Shi C, Su X, Xu F, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Ning Y, Liu H, Wang Q. Genome-wide identification of Shaker K + channel family in Nicotiana tabacum and functional analysis of NtSKOR1B in response to salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1378738. [PMID: 38660442 PMCID: PMC11039879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1378738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization poses a mounting global ecological and environmental threat. The identification of genes responsible for negative regulation of salt tolerance and their utilization in crop improvement through gene editing technologies emerges as a swift strategy for the effective utilization of saline-alkali lands. One efficient mechanism of plant salt tolerance is maintaining the proper intracellular K+/Na+ ratio. The Shaker K+ channels play a crucial role in potassium absorption, transport, and intracellular potassium homeostasis in plant cells. Here, the study presents the first genome-wide identification of Shaker K+ channels in Nicotiana tabacum L., along with a detailed bioinformatic analysis of the 20 identified members. Transcriptome analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of NtSKOR1B, an outwardly-rectifying member predominantly expressed in the root tissue of tobacco seedlings, in response to salt stress. This finding was then confirmed by GUS staining of ProNtSKOR1B::GUS transgenic lines and RT-qPCR analysis. Subsequently, NtSKOR1B knockout mutants (ntskor1) were then generated and subjected to salt conditions. It was found that ntskor1 mutants exhibit enhanced salt tolerance, characterized by increased biomass, higher K+ content and elevated K+/Na+ ratios in both leaf and root tissues, compared to wild-type plants. These results indicate that NtSKOR1B knockout inhibits K+ efflux in root and leaf tissues of tobacco seedlings under salt stress, thereby maintaining higher K+/Na+ ratios within the cells. Thus, our study identifies NtSKOR1B as a negative regulator of salt tolerance in tobacco seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjia Nong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Oluwaseyi Setonji Hunpatin
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuhan Shi
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Su
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangzheng Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co., LTD Cigar Operation Center, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoting Zhang
- Xuancheng City Xuanzhou District Tobacco Industry Development Center, Xuancheng, China
| | - Yang Ning
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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7
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Guo H, Tan J, Jiao Y, Huang B, Ma R, Ramakrishnan M, Qi G, Zhang Z. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the HAK/KUP/KT gene family in Moso bamboo. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1331710. [PMID: 38595761 PMCID: PMC11002169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The K+ uptake permease/high-affinity K+/K+ transporter (KUP/HAK/KT) family is the most prominent group of potassium (K+) transporters, playing a key role in K+ uptake, transport, plant growth and development, and stress tolerance. However, the presence and functions of the KUP/HAK/KT family in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau), the fastest-growing plant, have not been studied. In this study, we identified 41 KUP/HAK/KT genes (PeHAKs) distributed across 18 chromosomal scaffolds of the Moso bamboo genome. PeHAK is a typical membrane protein with a conserved structural domain and motifs. Phylogenetic tree analysis classified PeHAKs into four distinct clusters, while collinearity analysis revealed gene duplications resulting from purifying selection, including both tandem and segmental duplications. Enrichment analysis of promoter cis-acting elements suggested their plausible role in abiotic stress response and hormone induction. Transcriptomic data and STEM analyses indicated that PeHAKs were involved in tissue and organ development, rapid growth, and responded to different abiotic stress conditions. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that PeHAKs are predominantly expressed at the cell membrane. In-situ PCR experiments confirmed that PeHAK was mainly expressed in the lateral root primordia. Furthermore, the involvement of PeHAKs in potassium ion transport was confirmed by studying the potassium ion transport properties of a yeast mutant. Additionally, through homology modeling, we revealed the structural properties of HAK as a transmembrane protein associated with potassium ion transport. This research provides a solid basis for understanding the classification, characterization, and functional analysis of the PeHAK family in Moso bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruifang Ma
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Muthusamy Ramakrishnan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoning Qi
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Luo M, Chu J, Wang Y, Chang J, Zhou Y, Jiang X. Positive Regulatory Roles of Manihot esculenta HAK5 under K + Deficiency or High Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:849. [PMID: 38592853 PMCID: PMC10974855 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
HAK/KUP/KT family members have been identified as playing key roles in K+ uptake and salt tolerance in numerous higher plants. However, their functions in cassava (Manihot esculenta Cantz) remain unknown. In this study, a gene encoding for a high-affinity potassium transporter (MeHAK5) was isolated from cassava and its function was investigated. Subcellular localization analysis showed that MeHAK5 is a plasma membrane-localized transporter. RT-PCR and RT-qPCR indicated that MeHAK5 is predominantly expressed in cassava roots, where it is upregulated by low potassium or high salt; in particular, its highest expression levels separately increased by 2.2 and 2.9 times after 50 µM KCl and 150 mM NaCl treatments. When heterologously expressed in yeast, MeHAK5 mediated K+ uptake within the cells of the yeast strain CY162 and rescued the salt-sensitive phenotype of AXT3K yeast. MeHAK5 overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited improved growth and increased shoot K+ content under low potassium conditions. Under salt stress, MeHAK5 transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulated more K+ in the shoots and roots and had reduced Na+ content in the shoots. As a result, MeHAK5 transgenic Arabidopsis demonstrated a more salt-tolerant phenotype. These results suggest that MeHAK5 functions as a high-affinity K+ transporter under K+ starvation conditions, improving K+/Na+ homeostasis and thereby functioning as a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. Therefore, MeHAK5 may be a suitable candidate gene for improving K+ utilization efficiency and salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Luo
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jing Chu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Jingyan Chang
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (M.L.); (J.C.); (Y.W.)
- National Center for Technology Innovation of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
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9
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Liang X, Li J, Yang Y, Jiang C, Guo Y. Designing salt stress-resilient crops: Current progress and future challenges. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:303-329. [PMID: 38108117 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Excess soil salinity affects large regions of land and is a major hindrance to crop production worldwide. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance has scientific importance and practical significance. In recent decades, studies have characterized hundreds of genes associated with plant responses to salt stress in different plant species. These studies have substantially advanced our molecular and genetic understanding of salt tolerance in plants and have introduced an era of molecular design breeding of salt-tolerant crops. This review summarizes our current knowledge of plant salt tolerance, emphasizing advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of osmotic stress tolerance, salt-ion transport and compartmentalization, oxidative stress tolerance, alkaline stress tolerance, and the trade-off between growth and salt tolerance. We also examine recent advances in understanding natural variation in the salt tolerance of crops and discuss possible strategies and challenges for designing salt stress-resilient crops. We focus on the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and the four most-studied crops: rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), and soybean (Glycine max).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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10
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Yang M, Chen S, Huang Z, Gao S, Yu T, Du T, Zhang H, Li X, Liu CM, Chen S, Li H. Deep learning-enabled discovery and characterization of HKT genes in Spartina alterniflora. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:690-705. [PMID: 37494542 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Spartina alterniflora is a halophyte that can survive in high-salinity environments, and it is phylogenetically close to important cereal crops, such as maize and rice. It is of scientific interest to understand why S. alterniflora can live under such extremely stressful conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying its high-saline tolerance is still largely unknown. Here we investigated the possibility that high-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs), which function in salt tolerance and maintenance of ion homeostasis in plants, are responsible for salt tolerance in S. alterniflora. To overcome the imprecision and unstable of the gene screening method caused by the conventional sequence alignment, we used a deep learning method, DeepGOPlus, to automatically extract sequence and protein characteristics from our newly assemble S. alterniflora genome to identify SaHKTs. Results showed that a total of 16 HKT genes were identified. The number of S. alterniflora HKTs (SaHKTs) is larger than that in all other investigated plant species except wheat. Phylogenetically related SaHKT members had similar gene structures, conserved protein domains and cis-elements. Expression profiling showed that most SaHKT genes are expressed in specific tissues and are differentially expressed under salt stress. Yeast complementation expression analysis showed that type I members SaHKT1;2, SaHKT1;3 and SaHKT1;8 and type II members SaHKT2;1, SaHKT2;3 and SaHKT2;4 had low-affinity K+ uptake ability and that type II members showed stronger K+ affinity than rice and Arabidopsis HKTs, as well as most SaHKTs showed preference for Na+ transport. We believe the deep learning-based methods are powerful approaches to uncovering new functional genes, and the SaHKT genes identified are important resources for breeding new varieties of salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maogeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhangping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Tingxi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Tingting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan, China
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11
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Mulet JM, Porcel R, Yenush L. Modulation of potassium transport to increase abiotic stress tolerance in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5989-6005. [PMID: 37611215 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium is the major cation responsible for the maintenance of the ionic environment in plant cells. Stable potassium homeostasis is indispensable for virtually all cellular functions, and, concomitantly, viability. Plants must cope with environmental changes such as salt or drought that can alter ionic homeostasis. Potassium fluxes are required to regulate the essential process of transpiration, so a constraint on potassium transport may also affect the plant's response to heat, cold, or oxidative stress. Sequencing data and functional analyses have defined the potassium channels and transporters present in the genomes of different species, so we know most of the proteins directly participating in potassium homeostasis. The still unanswered questions are how these proteins are regulated and the nature of potential cross-talk with other signaling pathways controlling growth, development, and stress responses. As we gain knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying regulation of potassium homeostasis in plants, we can take advantage of this information to increase the efficiency of potassium transport and generate plants with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress through genetic engineering or new breeding techniques. Here, we review current knowledge of how modifying genes related to potassium homeostasis in plants affect abiotic stress tolerance at the whole plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Porcel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Shen L, Fan W, Li N, Wu Q, Chen D, Luan J, Zhang G, Tian Q, Jing W, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Rice potassium transporter OsHAK18 mediates phloem K + loading and redistribution. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:201-216. [PMID: 37381632 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity K+ transporters/K+ uptake permeases/K+ transporters (HAK/KUP/KT) are important pathways mediating K+ transport across cell membranes, which function in maintaining K+ homeostasis during plant growth and stress response. An increasing number of studies have shown that HAK/KUP/KT transporters play crucial roles in root K+ uptake and root-to-shoot translocation. However, whether HAK/KUP/KT transporters also function in phloem K+ translocation remain unclear. In this study, we revealed that a phloem-localized rice HAK/KUP/KT transporter, OsHAK18, mediated cell K+ uptake when expressed in yeast, Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis. It was localized at the plasma membrane. Disruption of OsHAK18 rendered rice seedlings insensitive to low-K+ (LK) stress. After LK stress, some WT leaves showed severe wilting and chlorosis, whereas the corresponding leaves of oshak18 mutant lines (a Tos17 insertion line and two CRISPR lines) remained green and unwilted. Compared with WT, the oshak18 mutants accumulated more K+ in shoots but less K+ in roots after LK stress, leading to a higher shoot/root ratio of K+ per plant. Disruption of OsHAK18 does not affect root K+ uptake and K+ level in xylem sap, but it significantly decreases phloem K+ concentration and inhibits root-to-shoot-to-root K+ (Rb+ ) translocation in split-root assay. These results reveal that OsHAK18 mediates phloem K+ loading and redistribution, whose disruption is in favor of shoot K+ retention under LK stress. Our findings expand the understanding of HAK/KUP/KT transporters' functions and provide a promising strategy for improving rice tolerance to K+ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenxia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Junxia Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Gangao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Quanxiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wen Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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13
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Kanno S, Martin L, Vallier N, Chiarenza S, Nobori T, Furukawa J, Nussaume L, Vavasseur A, Leonhardt N. Xylem K + loading modulates K + and Cs + absorption and distribution in Arabidopsis under K +-limited conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1040118. [PMID: 37810384 PMCID: PMC10557132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. The transcriptional regulation of K+ transporter genes is one of the key mechanisms by which plants respond to K+ deficiency. Among the HAK/KUP/KT transporter family, HAK5, a high-affinity K+ transporter, is essential for root K+ uptake under low external K+ conditions. HAK5 expression in the root is highly induced by low external K+ concentration. While the molecular mechanisms of HAK5 regulation have been extensively studied, it remains unclear how plants sense and coordinates K+ uptake and translocation in response to changing environmental conditions. Using skor mutants, which have a defect in root-to-shoot K+ translocation, we have been able to determine how the internal K+ status affects the expression of HAK5. In skor mutant roots, under K+ deficiency, HAK5 expression was lower than in wild-type although the K+ concentration in roots was not significantly different. These results reveal that HAK5 is not only regulated by external K+ conditions but it is also regulated by internal K+ levels, which is in agreement with recent findings. Additionally, HAK5 plays a major role in the uptake of Cs+ in roots. Therefore, studying Cs+ in roots and having more detailed information about its uptake and translocation in the plant would be valuable. Radioactive tracing experiments revealed not only a reduction in the uptake of 137Cs+ and 42K+in skor mutants compared to wild-type but also a different distribution of 137Cs+ and 42K+ in tissues. In order to gain insight into the translocation, accumulation, and repartitioning of both K+ and Cs+ in plants, long-term treatment and split root experiments were conducted with the stable isotopes 133Cs+ and 85Rb+. Finally, our findings show that the K+ distribution in plant tissues regulates root uptake of K+ and Cs+ similarly, depending on HAK5; however, the translocation and accumulation of the two elements are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kanno
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ludovic Martin
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Natacha Vallier
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Tatsuya Nobori
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Jun Furukawa
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Alain Vavasseur
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- AixMarseille University, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
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14
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Wang Q, Li S, Li F, Tian X, Li Z. Identification of Shaker Potassium Channel Family Members in Gossypium hirsutum L. and Characterization of GhKAT1aD. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1461. [PMID: 37511836 PMCID: PMC10381577 DOI: 10.3390/life13071461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
K+ channels of the Shaker family have been shown to play crucial roles in K+ uptake and transport. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is an important cash crop. In this study, the 24 Shaker family genes were identified in cotton. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that they were assigned to five clusters. Additionally, their chromosomal location, conserved motifs and gene structure were analyzed. The promoter of cotton Shaker K+ channel genes comprises drought-, low-temperature-, phytohormone-response elements, etc. As indicated by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR), cotton Shaker K+ channel genes responded to low K+ and NaCl, and especially dehydration stress, at the transcript level. Moreover, one of the Shaker K+ channel genes, GhKAT1aD, was characterized. This gene is localized in the plasma membrane and is predicted to contain six transmembrane segments. It restored the growth of the yeast mutant strain defective in K+ uptake, and silencing GhKAT1a via VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) resulted in more severe symptoms of K+ deficiency in cotton leaves as well as a lower net K+ uptake rate. The results of this study showed the overall picture of the cotton Shaker K+ channel family regarding bioinformatics as well as the function of one of its members, which provide clues for future investigations of cotton K+ transport and molecular insights for breeding K+-efficient cotton varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xi Lu, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Nieves-Cordones M, Amo J, Hurtado-Navarro L, Martínez-Martínez A, Martínez V, Rubio F. Inhibition of SlSKOR by SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 uncovers CIPK-CBL-target network rewiring in land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2495-2511. [PMID: 36967582 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Transport of K+ to the xylem is a key process in the mineral nutrition of the shoots. Although CIPK-CBL complexes have been widely shown to regulate K+ uptake transport systems, no information is available about the xylem ones. Here, we studied the physiological roles of the voltage-gated K+ channel SlSKOR and its regulation by the SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 complexes in tomato plants. We phenotyped gene-edited slskor and slcipk23 tomato knockout mutants and carried out two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) and BiFC assays in Xenopus oocytes as key approaches. SlSKOR was preferentially expressed in the root stele and was important not only for K+ transport to shoots but also, indirectly, for that of Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Na+ , NO3 - , and Cl- . Surprisingly, the SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 complexes turned out to be negative regulators of SlSKOR. Inhibition of SlSKOR by SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 was observed in Xenopus oocytes and tomato plants. Regulation of SKOR-like channels by CIPK23-CBL1 complexes was also present in Medicago, grapevine, and lettuce but not in Arabidopsis and saltwater cress. Our results provide a molecular framework for coordinating root K+ uptake and its translocation to the shoot by SlCIPK23-SlCBL1/9 in tomato plants. Moreover, they evidenced that CIPK-CBL-target networks have evolved differently in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Jesús Amo
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Laura Hurtado-Navarro
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Almudena Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-CSIC, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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16
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Ndecky S, Nguyen TH, Eiche E, Cognat V, Pflieger D, Pawar N, Betting F, Saha S, Champion A, Riemann M, Heitz T. Jasmonate signaling controls negative and positive effectors of salt stress tolerance in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3220-3239. [PMID: 36879437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to salt exposure involve large reconfigurations of hormonal pathways that orchestrate physiological changes towards tolerance. Jasmonate (JA) hormones are essential to withstand biotic and abiotic assaults, but their roles in salt tolerance remain unclear. Here we describe the dynamics of JA metabolism and signaling in root and leaf tissue of rice, a plant species that is highly exposed and sensitive to salt. Roots activate the JA pathway in an early pulse, while the second leaf displays a biphasic JA response with peaks at 1 h and 3 d post-exposure. Based on higher salt tolerance of a rice JA-deficient mutant (aoc), we examined, through kinetic transcriptome and physiological analysis, the salt-triggered processes that are under JA control. Profound genotype-differential features emerged that could underlie the observed phenotypes. Abscisic acid (ABA) content and ABA-dependent water deprivation responses were impaired in aoc shoots. Moreover, aoc accumulated more Na+ in roots, and less in leaves, with reduced ion translocation correlating with root derepression of the HAK4 Na+ transporter gene. Distinct reactive oxygen species scavengers were also stronger in aoc leaves, along with reduced senescence and chlorophyll catabolism markers. Collectively, our results identify contrasted contributions of JA signaling to different sectors of the salt stress response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ndecky
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Trang Hieu Nguyen
- DIADE, Institut de Recherche et de Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisabeth Eiche
- Institute for Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valérie Cognat
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Pflieger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nitin Pawar
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Betting
- Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Somidh Saha
- Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis (ITAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Antony Champion
- DIADE, Institut de Recherche et de Développement (IRD), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thierry Heitz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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17
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Mann A, Lata C, Kumar N, Kumar A, Kumar A, Sheoran P. Halophytes as new model plant species for salt tolerance strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1137211. [PMID: 37251767 PMCID: PMC10211249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1137211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is becoming a growing issue nowadays, severely affecting the world's most productive agricultural landscapes. With intersecting and competitive challenges of shrinking agricultural lands and increasing demand for food, there is an emerging need to build resilience for adaptation to anticipated climate change and land degradation. This necessitates the deep decoding of a gene pool of crop plant wild relatives which can be accomplished through salt-tolerant species, such as halophytes, in order to reveal the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Halophytes are generally defined as plants able to survive and complete their life cycle in highly saline environments of at least 200-500 mM of salt solution. The primary criterion for identifying salt-tolerant grasses (STGs) includes the presence of salt glands on the leaf surface and the Na+ exclusion mechanism since the interaction and replacement of Na+ and K+ greatly determines the survivability of STGs in saline environments. During the last decades or so, various salt-tolerant grasses/halophytes have been explored for the mining of salt-tolerant genes and testing their efficacy to improve the limit of salt tolerance in crop plants. Still, the utility of halophytes is limited due to the non-availability of any model halophytic plant system as well as the lack of complete genomic information. To date, although Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and salt cress (Thellungiella halophila) are being used as model plants in most salt tolerance studies, these plants are short-lived and can tolerate salinity for a shorter duration only. Thus, identifying the unique genes for salt tolerance pathways in halophytes and their introgression in a related cereal genome for better tolerance to salinity is the need of the hour. Modern technologies including RNA sequencing and genome-wide mapping along with advanced bioinformatics programs have advanced the decoding of the whole genetic information of plants and the development of probable algorithms to correlate stress tolerance limit and yield potential. Hence, this article has been compiled to explore the naturally occurring halophytes as potential model plant species for abiotic stress tolerance and to further breed crop plants to enhance salt tolerance through genomic and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
| | - Charu Lata
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Shimla, Himachal Pardesh, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pardesh, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
| | - Parvender Sheoran
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnl, Haryana, India
- ICAR-Agriculture Technology Application Research Center, Ludhiana, India
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18
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Madani I, Peltier JB, Boeglin M, Sentenac H, Véry AA. Plasticity of wheat seedling responses to K + deficiency highlighted by integrated phenotyping of roots and root hairs over the whole root system. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:5. [PMID: 37676444 PMCID: PMC10441938 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The availability in the soil of potassium (K+), a poorly mobile macronutrient required in large quantities for plant growth, is generally suboptimal for crop production in the absence of fertilization, making improvement of the ability of crops to adapt to K+ deficiency stress a major issue. Increasing the uptake capacity of the root system is among the main strategies to achieve this goal. Here, we report an integrative approach to examine the effect of K+ deficiency on the development of young plant entire root system, including root hairs which are known to provide a significant contribution to the uptake of poorly mobile nutrients such as K+, in two genetically distant wheat varieties. A rhizobox-type methodology was developed to obtain highly-resolved images of root and root hairs, allowing to describe global root and root hair traits over the whole root system via image analysis procedures. The two wheat varieties responded differently to the K+ shortage: Escandia, a wheat ancestor, reduced shoot biomass in condition of K+ shortage and substantially increased the surface area of its root system, specifically by increasing the total root hair area. Oued Zenati, a landrace, conversely appeared unresponsive to the K+ shortage but was shown to constitutively express, independently of the external K+ availability, favorable traits to cope with reduced K+ availability, among which a high total root hair area. Thus, valuable information on root system adaptation to K+ deficiency was provided by global analyses including root hairs, which should also be relevant for other nutrient stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Madani
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier, UMR 5004 CNRS- 386 INRAE- Université Montpellier- Institut Agro, Campus SupAgro-INRAE Bat 7, Place Viala, Montpellier, 34060 Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Benoît Peltier
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier, UMR 5004 CNRS- 386 INRAE- Université Montpellier- Institut Agro, Campus SupAgro-INRAE Bat 7, Place Viala, Montpellier, 34060 Cedex 2, France
| | - Martin Boeglin
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier, UMR 5004 CNRS- 386 INRAE- Université Montpellier- Institut Agro, Campus SupAgro-INRAE Bat 7, Place Viala, Montpellier, 34060 Cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier, UMR 5004 CNRS- 386 INRAE- Université Montpellier- Institut Agro, Campus SupAgro-INRAE Bat 7, Place Viala, Montpellier, 34060 Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Montpellier, UMR 5004 CNRS- 386 INRAE- Université Montpellier- Institut Agro, Campus SupAgro-INRAE Bat 7, Place Viala, Montpellier, 34060 Cedex 2, France.
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Wang X, Zhang Q, Luo J, Liu X, Jiang J. Major-effect quantitative trait locus qLKR4.1 encodes a phospholipase Dδ protein associated with low-K + stress tolerance by promoting root length. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:88. [PMID: 36973446 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
qLKR4.1, controlling low K+ resistance in tomato, was fine-mapped to an interval of 67.5 kb on chromosome A04, and one gene encoding phospholipase Dδ was identified as a candidate gene. In plants, changes in root length are an important morphological response to low K+ (LK) stress; however, the underlying genetics in tomato remain unclear. Here, we combined bulked segregant analysis-based whole-genome sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotyping, and fine genetic mapping to identify a candidate gene as a major-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL), i.e., qLKR4.1, which was associated with LK tolerance due to increased root elongation in the tomato line JZ34. Through multiple analyses, we found that Solyc04g082000 is the most likely candidate for qLKR4.1, which encodes phospholipase Dδ (PLDδ). Increased root elongation under LK in JZ34 may be attributed to a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in the Ca2+-binding domain region of this gene. Solyc04g082000 increases root length through its PLDδ activity. Silencing of Solyc04g082000Arg in JZ34 led to a significant decrease in root length compared with silencing of Solyc04g082000His allele in JZ18 under LK conditions. Mutation of a Solyc04g082000 homologue in Arabidopsis, pldδ, resulted in decreased primary root lengths under LK conditions, compared to the wild type. Transgenic tomato expressing the qLKR4.1Arg allele from JZ34 exhibited a significant increase in root length compared with the wild type expressing the allele from JZ18 under LK conditions. Taken together, our results confirm that the PLDδ gene Solyc04g082000 exerts important functions in increasing tomato root length and LK tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Junfeng Luo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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20
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Saha J, Chaudhuri D, Kundu A, Bhattacharya S, Roy S, Giri K. Phylogenetic, structural, functional characterisation and effect of exogenous spermidine on rice ( Oryza sativa) HAK transporters under salt stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:160-182. [PMID: 36031595 DOI: 10.1071/fp22059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The HAK (High-affinity K+ ) family members mediate K+ transport that confers normal plant growth and resistance against unfavourable environmental conditions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) HAK transporters have been extensively investigated for phylogenetic analyses with other plants species with very few of them functionally characterised. But very little information is known about their evolutionary aspects, overall structural, functional characterisation, and global expression pattern of the complete HAK family members in response to salt stress. In this study, 27 rice transporters were phylogenetically clustered with different dicot and monocot family members. Subsequently, the exon-intron structural patterns, conserved motif analyses, evolutionary divergence based different substitution matrix, orthologous-paralogous relationships were studied elaborately. Structural characterisations included a comparative study of secondary and tertiary structure, post-translational modifications, correspondence analyses, normal mode analyses, K+ /Na+ binding affinities of each of the OsHAK gene members. Global expression profile under salt stress showed clade-specific expression pattern of the proteins. Additionally, five OsHAK genes were chosen for further expression analyses in root and shoot tissues of two rice varieties during short-term salinity in the presence and absence of exogenous spermidine. All the information can be used as first-hand data for dissecting the administrative role of rice HAK transporters under various abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayita Saha
- Department of Botany, Rabindra Mahavidyalaya, Champadanga, Hooghly, West Bengal, India; and Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Dwaipayan Chaudhuri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Kundu
- Plant Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, P.G. Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College (Autonomous), Rahara, Kolkata 700118, West Bengal, India
| | - Saswati Bhattacharya
- Department of Botany, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Government College, New Town, Rajarhat, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Giri
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
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21
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Raza T, Abbas M, Amna, Imran S, Khan MY, Rebi A, Rafie-Rad Z, Eash NS. Impact of Silicon on Plant Nutrition and Significance of Silicon Mobilizing Bacteria in Agronomic Practices. SILICON 2023; 15:3797-3817. [PMCID: PMC9876760 DOI: 10.1007/s12633-023-02302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, rejuvenation of soil health is a major concern due to the continuous loss of soil fertility and productivity. Soil degradation decreases crop yields and threatens global food security. Improper use of chemical fertilizers coupled with intensive cultivation further reduces both soil health and crop yields. Plants require several nutrients in varying ratios that are essential for the plant to complete a healthy growth and development cycle. Soil, water, and air are the sources of these essential macro- and micro-nutrients needed to complete plant vegetative and reproductive cycles. Among the essential macro-nutrients, nitrogen (N) plays a significant in non-legume species and without sufficient plant access to N lower yields result. While silicon (Si) is the 2nd most abundant element in the Earth’s crust and is the backbone of soil silicate minerals, it is an essential micro-nutrient for some plants. Silicon is just beginning to be recognized as an important micronutrient to some plant species and, while it is quite abundant, Si is often not readily available for plant uptake. The manufacturing cost of synthetic silica-based fertilizers is high, while absorption of silica is quite slow in soil for many plants. Rhizosphere biological weathering processes includes microbial solubilization processes that increase the dissolution of minerals and increases Si availability for plant uptake. Therefore, an important strategy to improve plant silicon uptake could be field application of Si-solubilizing bacteria. In this review, we evaluate the role of Si in seed germination, growth, and morphological development and crop yield under various biotic and abiotic stresses, different pools and fluxes of silicon (Si) in soil, and the bacterial genera of the silicon solubilizing microorganisms. We also elaborate on the detailed mechanisms of Si-solubilizing/mobilizing bacteria involved in silicate dissolution and uptake by a plant in soil. Last, we discuss the potential of silicon and silicon solubilizing/mobilizing to achieve environmentally friendly and sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqi Raza
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | | | - Amna
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Imran
- UAF Sub Campus Burewala, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yahya Khan
- UAF Sub Campus Burewala, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ansa Rebi
- Jianshui Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zeinab Rafie-Rad
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Neal S. Eash
- Department of Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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22
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Graus D, Li K, Rathje JM, Ding M, Krischke M, Müller MJ, Cuin TA, Al-Rasheid KAS, Scherzer S, Marten I, Konrad KR, Hedrich R. Tobacco leaf tissue rapidly detoxifies direct salt loads without activation of calcium and SOS signaling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:217-231. [PMID: 36128659 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress, responsible for declining agricultural productivity. Roots are regarded as hubs for salt detoxification, however, leaf salt concentrations may exceed those of roots. How mature leaves manage acute sodium chloride (NaCl) stress is mostly unknown. To analyze the mechanisms for NaCl redistribution in leaves, salt was infiltrated into intact tobacco leaves. It initiated pronounced osmotically-driven leaf movements. Leaf downward movement caused by hydro-passive turgor loss reached a maximum within 2 h. Salt-driven cellular water release was accompanied by a transient change in membrane depolarization but not an increase in cytosolic calcium ion (Ca2+ ) level. Nonetheless, only half an hour later, the leaves had completely regained turgor. This recovery phase was characterized by an increase in mesophyll cell plasma membrane hydrogen ion (H+ ) pumping, a salt uptake-dependent cytosolic alkalization, and a return of the apoplast osmolality to pre-stress levels. Although, transcript numbers of abscisic acid- and Salt Overly Sensitive pathway elements remained unchanged, salt adaptation depended on the vacuolar H+ /Na+ -exchanger NHX1. Altogether, tobacco leaves can detoxify sodium ions (Na+ ) rapidly even under massive salt loads, based on pre-established posttranslational settings and NHX1 cation/H+ antiport activity. Unlike roots, signaling and processing of salt stress in tobacco leaves does not depend on Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Graus
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kunkun Li
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan M Rathje
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meiqi Ding
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Müller
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tracey Ann Cuin
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., 7005, Australia
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Irene Marten
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Feng C, Gao H, Zhou Y, Jing Y, Li S, Yan Z, Xu K, Zhou F, Zhang W, Yang X, Hussain MA, Li H. Unfolding molecular switches for salt stress resilience in soybean: recent advances and prospects for salt-tolerant smart plant production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162014. [PMID: 37152141 PMCID: PMC10154572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing sodium salts (NaCl, NaHCO3, NaSO4 etc.) in agricultural soil is a serious global concern for sustainable agricultural production and food security. Soybean is an important food crop, and their cultivation is severely challenged by high salt concentration in soils. Classical transgenic and innovative breeding technologies are immediately needed to engineer salt tolerant soybean plants. Additionally, unfolding the molecular switches and the key components of the soybean salt tolerance network are crucial for soybean salt tolerance improvement. Here we review our understandings of the core salt stress response mechanism in soybean. Recent findings described that salt stress sensing, signalling, ionic homeostasis (Na+/K+) and osmotic stress adjustment might be important in regulating the soybean salinity stress response. We also evaluated the importance of antiporters and transporters such as Arabidopsis K+ Transporter 1 (AKT1) potassium channel and the impact of epigenetic modification on soybean salt tolerance. We also review key phytohormones, and osmo-protectants and their role in salt tolerance in soybean. In addition, we discuss the progress of omics technologies for identifying salt stress responsive molecular switches and their targeted engineering for salt tolerance in soybean. This review summarizes recent progress in soybean salt stress functional genomics and way forward for molecular breeding for developing salt-tolerant soybean plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongtao Gao
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Jing
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Senquan Li
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Keheng Xu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Fangxue Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hussain
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Azhar Hussain, ; Haiyan Li,
| | - Haiyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Azhar Hussain, ; Haiyan Li,
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24
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Michalak A, Wdowikowska A, Janicka M. Plant Plasma Membrane Proton Pump: One Protein with Multiple Functions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244052. [PMID: 36552816 PMCID: PMC9777500 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the plasma membrane proton pump (PM H+-ATPase) regulates numerous transport-dependent processes such as growth, development, basic physiology, and adaptation to environmental conditions. This review explores the multifunctionality of this enzyme in plant cells. The abundance of several PM H+-ATPase isogenes and their pivotal role in energizing transport in plants have been connected to the phenomena of pleiotropy. The multifunctionality of PM H+-ATPase is a focal point of numerous studies unraveling the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, PM H+-ATPase is a key element in plant defense mechanisms against pathogen attack; however, it also functions as a target for pathogens that enable plant tissue invasion. Here, we provide an extensive review of the PM H+-ATPase as a multitasking protein in plants. We focus on the results of recent studies concerning PM H+-ATPase and its role in plant growth, physiology, and pathogenesis.
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25
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He B, Hu F, Du H, Cheng J, Pang B, Chen X, Lv Y. Omics-driven crop potassium use efficiency breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1076193. [PMID: 36507409 PMCID: PMC9730507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1076193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengqin Hu
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyang Du
- Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Breeding of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingwen Pang
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China
| | - Yuanda Lv
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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26
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Horaruang W, Klejchová M, Carroll W, Silva-Alvim FAL, Waghmare S, Papanatsiou M, Amtmann A, Hills A, Alvim JC, Blatt MR, Zhang B. Engineering a K + channel 'sensory antenna' enhances stomatal kinetics, water use efficiency and photosynthesis. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1262-1274. [PMID: 36266492 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stomata of plant leaves open to enable CO2 entry for photosynthesis and close to reduce water loss via transpiration. Compared with photosynthesis, stomata respond slowly to fluctuating light, reducing assimilation and water use efficiency. Efficiency gains are possible without a cost to photosynthesis if stomatal kinetics can be accelerated. Here we show that clustering of the GORK channel, which mediates K+ efflux for stomatal closure in the model plant Arabidopsis, arises from binding between the channel voltage sensors, creating an extended 'sensory antenna' for channel gating. Mutants altered in clustering affect channel gating to facilitate K+ flux, accelerate stomatal movements and reduce water use without a loss in biomass. Our findings identify the mechanism coupling channel clustering with gating, and they demonstrate the potential for engineering of ion channels native to the guard cell to enhance stomatal kinetics and improve water use efficiency without a cost in carbon fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijitra Horaruang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Burapha University, Chanthaburi Campus, Chanthaburi, Thailand
| | - Martina Klejchová
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William Carroll
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sakharam Waghmare
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria Papanatsiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Amtmann
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonas Chaves Alvim
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ben Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan City, China
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27
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Guan P, Xie C, Zhao D, Wang L, Zheng C. SES1 is vital for seedling establishment and post-germination growth under high-potassium stress conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14282. [PMID: 36340207 PMCID: PMC9632470 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potassium ion (K+) plays an important role in maintaining plant growth and development, while excess potassium in the soil can cause stress to plants. The understanding of the molecular mechanism of plant's response to high KCl stress is still limited. Methods At the seed stage, wild type (WT) and SENSITIVE TO SALT1 (SES1) mutants were exposed to different concentrations of potassium treatments. Tolerance was assayed as we compared their performances under stress using seedling establishment rate and root length. Na+content, K+content, and K+/Na+ ratio were determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. In addition, the expressions of KCl-responding genes and ER stress-related genes were also detected and analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results SES1 mutants exhibited seedling establishment defects under high potassium concentration conditions and exogenous calcium partially restored the hypersensitivity phenotype of ses1 mutants. The expression of some K+ transporter/channel genes were higher in ses1-2, and the ratio of potassium to sodium (K+/Na+) in ses1-2 roots decreased after KCl treatment compared with WT. Further analysis showed that the ER stress marker genes were dramatically induced by high K+ treatment and much higher expression levels were detected in ses1-2, indicating ses1-2 suffers a more serious ER stress than WT, and ER stress may influence the seedling establishment of ses1-2 under high KCl conditions. Conclusion These results strongly indicate that SES1 is a potassium tolerance relevant molecule that may be related to maintaining the seedling K+/Na+ balance under high potassium conditions during seedling establishment and post-germination growth. Our results will provide a basis for further studies on the biological roles of SES1 in modulating potassium uptake, transport, and adaptation to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Dongbo Zhao
- Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, China
| | | | - Chengchao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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28
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhao P, Liu Z, Guo S, Li Y, Liu H. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of HAK genes and decoding their role in responding to potassium deficiency and abiotic stress in Medicago truncatula. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14034. [PMID: 36168431 PMCID: PMC9509677 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The HAK family is the largest potassium (K+) transporter family, vital in K+ uptake, plant growth, and both plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although HAK family members have been characterized and functionally investigated in many species, these genes are still not studied in detail in Medicago truncatula, a good model system for studying legume genetics. Methods In this study, we screened the M. truncatula HAK family members (MtHAKs). Furthermore, we also conducted the identification, phylogenetic analysis, and prediction of conserved motifs of MtHAKs. Moreover, we studied the expression levels of MtHAKs under K+ deficiency, drought, and salt stresses using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results We identified 20 MtHAK family members and classified them into three clusters based on phylogenetic relationships. Conserved motif analyses showed that all MtHAK proteins besides MtHAK10 contained the highly conserved K+ transport domain (GVVYGDLGTSPLY). qRT-PCR analysis showed that several MtHAK genes in roots were induced by abiotic stress. In particular, MtHAK15, MtHAK17, and MtHAK18 were strongly up-regulated in the M. truncatula roots under K+ deficiency, drought, and salt stress conditions, thereby implying that these genes are good candidates for high-affinity K+ uptake and therefore have essential roles in drought and salt tolerance. Discussions Our results not only provided the first genetic description and evolutionary relationships of the K+ transporter family in M. truncatula, but also the potential information responding to K+ deficiency and abiotic stresses, thereby laying the foundation for molecular breeding of stress-resistant legume crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Liu Q, Wang F, Shuai Y, Huang L, Zhang X. Integrated Analysis of Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing Eveals Insights into Drought Tolerance Mechanism of Lolium multiflorum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147921. [PMID: 35887272 PMCID: PMC9320196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lolium multiflorum is widely planted in temperate and subtropical regions globally, and it has high economic value owing to its use as forage grass for a wide variety of livestock and poultry. However, drought seriously restricts its yield and quality. At present, owing to the lack of available genomic resources, many types of basic research cannot be conducted, which severely limits the in-depth functional analysis of genes in L. multiflorum. Therefore, we used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to sequence the complex transcriptome of L. multiflorum under drought. We identified 41,141 DEGs in leaves, 35,559 DEGs in roots, respectively. Moreover, we identified 1243 alternative splicing events under drought. LmPIP5K9 produced two different transcripts with opposite expression patterns, possibly through the phospholipid signaling pathway or the negatively regulated sugar-mediated root growth response to drought stress, respectively. Additionally, 13,079 transcription factors in 90 families were obtained. An in-depth analysis of R2R3-MYB gene family members was performed to preliminarily demonstrate their functions by utilizing subcellular localization and overexpression in yeast. Our data make a significant contribution to the genetics of L. multiflorum, offering a current understanding of plant adaptation to drought stress.
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Pi K, Luo W, Mo Z, Duan L, Ke Y, Wang P, Zeng S, Huang Y, Liu R. Overdominant expression of related genes of ion homeostasis improves K + content advantage in hybrid tobacco leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:335. [PMID: 35820807 PMCID: PMC9277951 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium(K+) plays a vital role in improving the quality of tobacco leaves. However, how to improve the potassium content of tobacco leaves has always been a difficult problem in tobacco planting. K+ content in tobacco hybrid is characterized by heterosis, which can improve the quality of tobacco leaves, but its underlying molecular genetic mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS Through a two-year field experiment, G70×GDH11 with strong heterosis and K326×GDH11 with weak heterosis were screened out. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 80.89% and 57.28% of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the strong and weak heterosis combinations exhibited an overdominant expression pattern, respectively. The genes that up-regulated the overdominant expression in the strong heterosis hybrids were significantly enriched in the ion homeostasis. Genes involved in K+ transport (KAT1/2, GORK, AKT2, and KEA3), activity regulation complex (CBL-CIPK5/6), and vacuole (TPKs) genes were overdominant expressed in strong heterosis hybrids, which contributed to K+ homeostasis and heterosis in tobacco leaves. CONCLUSIONS K+ homeostasis and accumulation in tobacco hybrids were collectively improved. The overdominant expression of K+ transport and homeostasis-related genes conducted a crucial role in the heterosis of K+ content in tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pi
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Zejun Mo
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lili Duan
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhou Ke
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Pingsong Wang
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Shuaibo Zeng
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Yin Huang
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China.
| | - Renxiang Liu
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guizhou Province, 550025, Guiyang City, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, P. R. China.
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Sathee L, Jagadhesan B, Pandesha PH, Barman D, Adavi B S, Nagar S, Krishna GK, Tripathi S, Jha SK, Chinnusamy V. Genome Editing Targets for Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency and Nutrient Stress Adaptation. Front Genet 2022; 13:900897. [PMID: 35774509 PMCID: PMC9237392 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of RNA-guided genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9 technology) has revolutionized plant genome editing. Under nutrient deficiency conditions, different transcription factors and regulatory gene networks work together to maintain nutrient homeostasis. Improvement in the use efficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) is essential to ensure sustainable yield with enhanced quality and tolerance to stresses. This review outlines potential targets suitable for genome editing for understanding and improving nutrient use (NtUE) efficiency and nutrient stress tolerance. The different genome editing strategies for employing crucial negative and positive regulators are also described. Negative regulators of nutrient signalling are the potential targets for genome editing, that may improve nutrient uptake and stress signalling under resource-poor conditions. The promoter engineering by CRISPR/dead (d) Cas9 (dCas9) cytosine and adenine base editing and prime editing is a successful strategy to generate precise changes. CRISPR/dCas9 system also offers the added advantage of exploiting transcriptional activators/repressors for overexpression of genes of interest in a targeted manner. CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) are variants of CRISPR in which a dCas9 dependent transcription activation or interference is achieved. dCas9-SunTag system can be employed to engineer targeted gene activation and DNA methylation in plants. The development of nutrient use efficient plants through CRISPR-Cas technology will enhance the pace of genetic improvement for nutrient stress tolerance of crops and improve the sustainability of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - B. Jagadhesan
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratheek H. Pandesha
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dipankar Barman
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Adavi B
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivani Nagar
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - G. K. Krishna
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, KAU, Thrissur, India
| | - Shailesh Tripathi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra K. Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Nistor E, Dobrei AG, Mattii GB, Dobrei A. Calcium and Potassium Accumulation during the Growing Season in Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot Grape Varieties. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121536. [PMID: 35736686 PMCID: PMC9229687 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) accumulation in grape berries during the growing season provided information on the productivity and quality of grape crops, considering that both elements have numerous physiological effects. The aim of the study was to determine and compare Ca and K accumulation in berries from ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Merlot’ grape varieties influenced by the number of days after flowering (DAF) over three consecutive growing seasons (2019–2021) in Recaş vineyards, from Banat Region in Western Romania. Results showed that Ca accumulation in the berries continued at slow rates after veraison when water was available for both varieties; accumulation was observed mainly in the skin, suggesting translocation from the flesh. Regression analysis showed a strong dependence on the interval of 65–75 DAF for Ca accumulation in the skin. K accumulation increased after the onset of veraison until 70 to 90 DAF in both varieties, with higher accumulation in the flesh than in the skin. No significant differences were found among varieties regarding the Ca and K content during the study period. In both varieties, the relationship between sugar accumulation and the Ca/K content was highly significant. Given the importance of both elements, new data may contribute to establishing the optimum grape ripeness in relation to the sugar concentration in the berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Nistor
- Department of Horticulture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (E.N.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Alina Georgeta Dobrei
- Department of Horticulture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (E.N.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Giovan Battista Mattii
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, 50144 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alin Dobrei
- Department of Horticulture, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 300645 Timisoara, Romania; (E.N.); (A.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-164-469
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Zhou J, Nguyen TH, Hmidi D, Luu DT, Sentenac H, Véry AA. The outward shaker channel OsK5.2 improves plant salt tolerance by contributing to control of both leaf transpiration and K + secretion into xylem sap. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1734-1748. [PMID: 35297056 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity constitutes a major environmental constraint to crop production worldwide. Leaf K+ /Na+ homoeostasis, which involves regulation of transpiration, and thus of the xylem sap flow, and control of the ionic composition of the ascending sap, is a key determinant of plant salt tolerance. Here, we show, using a reverse genetics approach, that the outwardly rectifying K+ -selective channel OsK5.2, which is involved in both K+ release from guard cells for stomatal closure in leaves and K+ secretion into the xylem sap in roots, is a strong determinant of rice salt tolerance (plant biomass production and shoot phenotype under saline constraint). OsK5.2 expression was upregulated in shoots from the onset of the saline treatment, and OsK5.2 activity in guard cells led to a fast decrease in transpirational water flow and, therefore, reduced Na+ translocation to shoots. In roots, upon saline treatment, OsK5.2 activity in xylem sap K+ loading was maintained, and even transiently increased, outperforming the negative effect on K+ translocation to shoots resulting from the reduction in xylem sap flow. Thus, the overall activity of OsK5.2 in shoots and roots, which both reduces Na+ translocation to shoots and benefits shoot K+ nutrition, strongly contributes to leaf K+ /Na+ homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thanh-Hao Nguyen
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dorsaf Hmidi
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Doan-Trung Luu
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Zhang R, Dong Q, Zhao P, Eickelkamp A, Ma C, He G, Li F, Wallrad L, Becker T, Li Z, Kudla J, Tian X. The potassium channel GhAKT2bD is regulated by CBL-CIPK calcium signaling complexes and facilitates K + allocation in cotton. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1904-1920. [PMID: 35561107 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Efficient allocation of the essential nutrient potassium (K+ ) is a central determinant of plant ion homeostasis and involves AKT2 K+ channels. Here, we characterize four AKT2 K+ channels from cotton and report that xylem and phloem expressed GhAKT2bD facilitates K+ allocation and that AKT2-silencing impairs plant growth and development. We uncover kinase activity-dependent activation of GhAKT2bD-mediated K+ uptake by AtCBL4-GhCIPK1 calcium signaling complexes in HEK293T cells. Moreover, AtCBL4-AtCIPK6 complexes known to convey activation of AtAKT2 in Arabidopsis also activate cotton GhAKT2bD in HEK293T cells. Collectively, these findings reveal an essential role for AKT2 in the source-sink allocation of K+ in cotton and identify GhAKT2bD as subject to complex regulation by CBL-CIPK Ca2+ sensor-kinase complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qiuyan Dong
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Panpan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Anna Eickelkamp
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Chunmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gefeng He
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Fangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lukas Wallrad
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Becker
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Nieves-Cordones M, Azeem F, Long Y, Boeglin M, Duby G, Mouline K, Hosy E, Vavasseur A, Chérel I, Simonneau T, Gaymard F, Leung J, Gaillard I, Thibaud JB, Véry AA, Boudaoud A, Sentenac H. Non-autonomous stomatal control by pavement cell turgor via the K+ channel subunit AtKC1. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2019-2037. [PMID: 35157082 PMCID: PMC9048897 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stomata optimize land plants' photosynthetic requirements and limit water vapor loss. So far, all of the molecular and electrical components identified as regulating stomatal aperture are produced, and operate, directly within the guard cells. However, a completely autonomous function of guard cells is inconsistent with anatomical and biophysical observations hinting at mechanical contributions of epidermal origins. Here, potassium (K+) assays, membrane potential measurements, microindentation, and plasmolysis experiments provide evidence that disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana K+ channel subunit gene AtKC1 reduces pavement cell turgor, due to decreased K+ accumulation, without affecting guard cell turgor. This results in an impaired back pressure of pavement cells onto guard cells, leading to larger stomatal apertures. Poorly rectifying membrane conductances to K+ were consistently observed in pavement cells. This plasmalemma property is likely to play an essential role in K+ shuttling within the epidermis. Functional complementation reveals that restoration of the wild-type stomatal functioning requires the expression of the transgenic AtKC1 at least in the pavement cells and trichomes. Altogether, the data suggest that AtKC1 activity contributes to the building of the back pressure that pavement cells exert onto guard cells by tuning K+ distribution throughout the leaf epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Martin Boeglin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Geoffrey Duby
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Karine Mouline
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | | | - Alain Vavasseur
- CEA Cadarache DSV DEVM LEMS UMR 163, CNRS/CEA, F-13108 St Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- INRA Laboratoire d’Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, Place Viala, 2, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France
| | - Frédéric Gaymard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jeffrey Leung
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Thibaud
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier 34060, France
- Institut des biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-UM-ENSCM) Campus CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation is required for the vegetative propagation of economically important horticultural crops, such as apples. Asexual propagation is commonly utilized for breeding programs because of its short life cycle, true-to-typeness, and high efficiency. The lack of AR formation from stem segments is a barrier to segment survival. Therefore, understanding the AR regulatory mechanisms is vital for the prolonged and effective use of biological resources. Several studies have been undertaken to comprehend the molecular and physiological control of AR, which has greatly extended our knowledge regarding AR formation in apples and other crops. Auxin, a master controller of AR formation, is widely used for inducing AR formation in stem cutting. At the same time, cytokinins (CKs) are important for cell division and molecular reprograming, and other hormones, sugars, and nutrients interact with auxin to control excision-induced AR formation. In this review, we discuss the present understandings of ARs’ formation from physiological and molecular aspects and highlight the immediate advancements made in identifying underlying mechanisms involved in the regulation of ARs. Despite the progress made in the previous decades, many concerns about excision-induced AR formation remain unanswered. These focus on the specific functions and interactions of numerous hormonal, molecular, and metabolic components and the overall framework of the entire shoot cutting in a demanding environment.
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Shan N, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yuan X, Wan C, Chen C, Chen J, Gan Z. Ethylene-induced potassium transporter AcKUP2 gene is involved in kiwifruit postharvest ripening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:108. [PMID: 35264115 PMCID: PMC8905847 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potassium (K) is important in the regulation of plant growth and development. It is the most abundant mineral element in kiwifruit, and its content increases during fruit ripening. However, how K+ transporter works in kiwifruit postharvest maturation is not yet clear. RESULTS Here, 12 K+ transporter KT/HAK/KUP genes, AcKUP1 ~ AcKUP12, were isolated from kiwifruit, and their phylogeny, genomic structure, chromosomal location, protein properties, conserved motifs and cis-acting elements were analysed. Transcription analysis revealed that AcKUP2 expression increased rapidly and was maintained at a high level during postharvest maturation, consistent with the trend of K content; AcKUP2 expression was induced by ethylene, suggesting that AcKUP2 might play a role in ripening. Fluorescence microscopy showed that AcKUP2 is localised in the plasma membrane. Cis-elements, including DER or ethylene response element (ERE) responsive to ethylene, were found in the AcKUP2 promoter sequence, and ethylene significantly enhanced the AcKUP2 promoter activity. Furthermore, we verified that AcERF15, an ethylene response factor, directly binds to the AcKUP2 promoter to promote its expression. Thus, AcKUP2 may be an important potassium transporter gene which involved in ethylene-regulated kiwifruit postharvest ripening. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our study establishes the first genome-wide analysis of the kiwifruit KT/HAK/KUP gene family and provides valuable information for understanding the function of the KT/HAK/KUP genes in kiwifruit postharvest ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yupei Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yunhe Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chuying Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, 330075, China
| | - Zengyu Gan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Wei J, Tiika RJ, Cui G, Ma Y, Yang H, Duan H. Transcriptome-wide identification and expression analysis of the KT/HAK/KUP family in Salicornia europaea L. under varied NaCl and KCl treatments. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12989. [PMID: 35261820 PMCID: PMC8898550 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The KT/HAK/KUP (KUP) transporters play important roles in potassium (K+) uptake and translocation, regulation of osmotic potential, salt tolerance, root morphogenesis and plant development. However, the KUP family has not been systematically studied in the typical halophyte Salicornia europaea L., and the specific expression patterns of SeKUPs under NaCl condition and K+ deficiency are unknown. Methods In this study, SeKUPs were screened from PacBio transcriptome data of Salicornia europaea L. using bioinformatics. The identification, phylogenetic analysis and prediction of conserved motifs of SeKUPs were extensively explored. Moreover, the expression levels of 24 selected SeKUPs were assayed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results In this study, a total of 24 putative SeKUPs were identified in S. europaea. Nineteen SeKUPs with the fixed domain EA[ML]FADL were used to construct the phylogenetic tree, and they were divided into four clusters (clusters I-IV). MEME analysis identified 10 motifs in S. europaea, and the motif analysis suggested that 19 of the identified SeKUPs had at least four K+ transporter motifs existed in all SeKUPs (with the exception of SeKUP-2). The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of most SeKUPs were significantly up-regulated in S. europaea when they were exposed to K+ deficiency and high salinity, implying that these SeKUPs may play a key role in the absorption and transport of K+ and Na+ in S. europaea. Discussions Our results laid the foundation for revealing the salt tolerance mechanism of SeKUPs, and provided key candidate genes for further studies on the function of KUP family in S. europaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China,College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Richard John Tiika
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China,College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guangxin Cui
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hongshan Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Huirong Duan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Shahzad B, Yun P, Shabala L, Zhou M, Sellamuthu G, Venkataraman G, Chen ZH, Shabala S. Unravelling the physiological basis of salinity stress tolerance in cultivated and wild rice species. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:351-364. [PMID: 35189073 DOI: 10.1071/fp21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wild rice species provide a rich source of genetic diversity for possible introgression of salinity stress tolerance in cultivated rice. We investigated the physiological basis of salinity stress tolerance in Oryza species by using six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) and four wild rice species. Three weeks of salinity treatment significantly (P <0.05) reduced physiological and growth indices of all cultivated and wild rice lines. However, the impact of salinity-induced growth reduction differed substantially among accessions. Salt tolerant accessions showed better control over gas exchange properties, exhibited higher tissue tolerance, and retained higher potassium ion content despite higher sodium ion accumulation in leaves. Wild rice species showed relatively lower and steadier xylem sap sodium ion content over the period of 3weeks analysed, suggesting better control over ionic sodium xylem loading and its delivery to shoots with efficient vacuolar sodium ion sequestration. Contrary to this, saline sensitive genotypes managed to avoid initial Na+ loading but failed to accomplish this in the long term and showed higher sap sodium ion content. Conclusively, our results suggest that wild rice genotypes have more efficient control over xylem sodium ion loading, rely on tissue tolerance mechanisms and allow for a rapid osmotic adjustment by using sodium ions as cheap osmoticum for osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Ping Yun
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India; and Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Excellent Team for Mitigation (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia; and International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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Wang LM, Zhao LN, Shah IH, Ramirez DC, Boeglin M, Véry AA, Sentenac H, Zhang YD. Na+ Sensitivity of the KAT2-Like Channel Is a Common Feature of Cucurbits and Depends on the S5-P-S6 Segment. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:279-289. [PMID: 34865157 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of Shaker K+ channel activity by external Na+ was previously reported in the melon (Cucumis melo L.) inwardly rectifying K+ channel MIRK and was hypothesized to contribute to salt tolerance. In this study, two inward Shaker K+ channels, CsKAT2 from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and ClKAT2 from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), were identified and characterized in Xenopus oocytes. Both channels were inwardly rectifying K+ channels with higher permeability to potassium than other monovalent cations and more active when external pH was acidic. Similarly to MIRK, their activity displayed an inhibition by external Na+, thus suggesting a common feature in Cucurbitaceae (Cucumis spp., Citrullus spp.). CsKAT2 and ClKAT2 are highly expressed in guard cells. After 24 h of plant treatment with 100 mM NaCl, the three KAT2-like genes were significantly downregulated in leaves and guard cells. Reciprocal chimeras were obtained between MIRK and Na+-insensitive AtKAT2 cDNAs. The chimera where the MIRK S5-P-S6 segment was replaced by that from AtKAT2 no longer showed Na+ sensitivity, while the inverse chimera gained Na+ sensitivity. These results provide evidence that the molecular basis of the channel blockage by Na+ is located in the S5-P-S6 region. Comparison of the electrostatic property in the S5-P-S6 region in AtKAT2 and MIRK revealed four key amino acid residues potentially governing Na+ sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li-Na Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Shah
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Dora Cano Ramirez
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Martin Boeglin
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaires des Plantes, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Place Viala, Montpellier 34060 Cedex 2, France
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaires des Plantes, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Place Viala, Montpellier 34060 Cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaires des Plantes, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Place Viala, Montpellier 34060 Cedex 2, France
| | - Yi-Dong Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaires des Plantes, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Place Viala, Montpellier 34060 Cedex 2, France
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Quamruzzaman M, Manik SMN, Shabala S, Cao F, Zhou M. Genome-wide association study reveals a genomic region on 5AL for salinity tolerance in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:709-721. [PMID: 34797396 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major threat to crop productivity and quality worldwide. In order to reduce the negative effects of salinity stress, it is important to understand the genetic basis of salinity tolerance. Identifying new salinity tolerance QTL or genes is crucial for breeders to pyramid different tolerance mechanisms to improve crop adaptability to salinity. Being one of the major cereal crops, wheat is known as a salt-sensitive glycophyte and subject to substantial yield losses when grown in the presence of salt. In this study, both pot and tank experiments were conducted to investigate the genotypic variation present in 328 wheat varieties in their salinity tolerance at the vegetative stage. A Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) were carried out to identify QTL conferring salinity tolerance through a mixed linear model. Six, five and eight significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified from pot experiments, tank experiments and average damage scores, respectively. These markers are located on the wheat chromosomes 1B, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4B, and 5A. These tolerance alleles were additive in their effects and, when combined, increased tolerance to salinity. Candidate genes identified in these QTL regions encoded a diverse class of proteins involved in salinity tolerance in plants. A Na+/H+ exchanger and a potassium transporter on chromosome 5A (IWB30519) will be of a potential value for improvement of salt tolerance of wheat cultivars using marker assisted selection programs. Some useful genotypes, which showed consistent tolerance in different trials, can also be effectively used in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Quamruzzaman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Chancheng, China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
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Yang Y, Xu C, Shen Z, Yan C. Crop Quality Improvement Through Genome Editing Strategy. Front Genome Ed 2022; 3:819687. [PMID: 35174353 PMCID: PMC8841430 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.819687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Good quality of crops has always been the most concerning aspect for breeders and consumers. However, crop quality is a complex trait affected by both the genetic systems and environmental factors, thus, it is difficult to improve through traditional breeding strategies. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system, enabling efficiently targeted modification, has revolutionized the field of quality improvement in most crops. In this review, we briefly review the various genome editing ability of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, such as gene knockout, knock-in or replacement, base editing, prime editing, and gene expression regulation. In addition, we highlight the advances in crop quality improvement applying the CRISPR/Cas9 system in four main aspects: macronutrients, micronutrients, anti-nutritional factors and others. Finally, the potential challenges and future perspectives of genome editing in crop quality improvement is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenda Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, China
| | - Changjie Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Oljira MT, Barka GD. Bioinformatic analysis of promoter, motifs and CpG islands of genes encoding potassium transporters in crop plants. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.2022533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melaku Tesfa Oljira
- Variety Improvement Research Program, Ethiopian Sugar Corporation Research Center, Wonji, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Geleta Dugassa Barka
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Azeem F, Ijaz U, Ali MA, Hussain S, Zubair M, Manzoor H, Abid M, Zameer R, Kim DS, Golokhvast KS, Chung G, Sun S, Nawaz MA. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in Vigna radiata under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2. [PMID: 35009006 PMCID: PMC8747342 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is one of the most important cations that plays a significant role in plants and constitutes up to 10% of plants' dry weight. Plants exhibit complex systems of transporters and channels for the distribution of K+ from soil to numerous parts of plants. In this study, we have identified 39 genes encoding putative K+ transport-related genes in Vigna radiata. Chromosomal mapping of these genes indicated an uneven distribution across eight out of 11 chromosomes. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of different plant species, i.e., V. radiata, Glycine max, Cicer arietinum, Oryza sativa, and Arabidopsis thaliana, showed their strong conservation in different plant species. Evolutionary analysis of these genes suggests that gene duplication is a major route of expansion for this family in V. radiata. Comprehensive promoter analysis identified several abiotic stresses related to cis-elements in the promoter regions of these genes, suggesting their role in abiotic stress tolerance. Our additional analyses indicated that abiotic stresses adversely affected the chlorophyll concentration, carotenoids, catalase, total soluble protein concentration, and the activities of superoxide and peroxidase in V. radiata. It also disturbs the ionic balance by decreasing the uptake of K+ content and increasing the uptake of Na+. Expression analysis from high-throughput sequencing data and quantitative real-time PCR experiments revealed that several K+ transport genes were expressed in different tissues (seed, flower, and pod) and in abiotic stress-responsive manners. A highly significant variation of expression was observed for VrHKT (1.1 and 1.2), VrKAT (1 and 2) VrAKT1.1, VrAKT2, VrSKOR, VrKEA5, VrTPK3, and VrKUP/HAK/KT (4, 5, and 8.1) in response to drought, heat or salinity stress. It reflected their potential roles in plant growth, development, or stress adaptations. The present study gives an in-depth understanding of K+ transport system genes in V. radiata and will serve as a basis for a functional analysis of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (U.I.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Usman Ijaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (U.I.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sabir Hussain
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, GC University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (U.I.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Hamid Manzoor
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Roshan Zameer
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.A.); (U.I.); (M.Z.); (R.Z.)
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- KM Research Science Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 190000 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- SEC in Nanotechnology, Engineering School, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, 630501 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu Campus, Gwangju 52626, Korea;
| | - Sangmi Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu Campus, Gwangju 52626, Korea;
| | - Muhammad Amjad Nawaz
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoobsk, 630501 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Supercritical Fluid Research and Application in Agrobiotechnology, The National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Kashtoh H, Baek KH. Structural and Functional Insights into the Role of Guard Cell Ion Channels in Abiotic Stress-Induced Stomatal Closure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122774. [PMID: 34961246 PMCID: PMC8707303 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A stomatal pore is formed by a pair of specialized guard cells and serves as a major gateway for water transpiration and atmospheric CO2 influx for photosynthesis in plants. These pores must be tightly controlled, as inadequate CO2 intake and excessive water loss are devastating for plants. When the plants are exposed to extreme weather conditions such as high CO2 levels, O3, low air humidity, and drought, the turgor pressure of the guard cells exhibits an appropriate response against these stresses, which leads to stomatal closure. This phenomenon involves a complex network of ion channels and their regulation. It is well-established that the turgor pressure of guard cells is regulated by ions transportation across the membrane, such as anions and potassium ions. In this review, the guard cell ion channels are discussed, highlighting the structure and functions of key ion channels; the SLAC1 anion channel and KAT1 potassium channel, and their regulatory components, emphasizing their significance in guard cell response to various stimuli.
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Dreyer I. Nutrient cycling is an important mechanism for homeostasis in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2246-2261. [PMID: 34890457 PMCID: PMC8644529 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Homeostasis in living cells refers to the steady state of internal, physical, and chemical conditions. It is sustained by self-regulation of the dynamic cellular system. To gain insight into the homeostatic mechanisms that maintain cytosolic nutrient concentrations in plant cells within a homeostatic range, we performed computational cell biology experiments. We mathematically modeled membrane transporter systems and simulated their dynamics. Detailed analyses of 'what-if' scenarios demonstrated that a single transporter type for a nutrient, irrespective of whether it is a channel or a cotransporter, is not sufficient to calibrate a desired cytosolic concentration. A cell cannot flexibly react to different external conditions. Rather, at least two different transporter types for the same nutrient, which are energized differently, are required. The gain of flexibility in adjusting a cytosolic concentration was accompanied by the establishment of energy-consuming cycles at the membrane, suggesting that these putatively "futile" cycles are not as futile as they appear. Accounting for the complex interplay of transporter networks at the cellular level may help design strategies for increasing nutrient use efficiency of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, Talca CL-3460000, Chile
- Author for communication:
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Huang YN, Yang SY, Li JL, Wang SF, Wang JJ, Hao DL, Su YH. The rectification control and physiological relevance of potassium channel OsAKT2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2296-2310. [PMID: 34601582 PMCID: PMC8644434 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AKT2 potassium (K+) channels are members of the plant Shaker family which mediate dual-directional K+ transport with weak voltage-dependency. Here we show that OsAKT2 of rice (Oryza sativa) functions mainly as an inward rectifier with strong voltage-dependency and acutely suppressed outward activity. This is attributed to the presence of a unique K191 residue in the S4 domain. The typical bi-directional leak-like property was restored by a single K191R mutation, indicating that this functional distinction is an intrinsic characteristic of OsAKT2. Furthermore, the opposite R195K mutation of AtAKT2 changed the channel to an inward-rectifier similar to OsAKT2. OsAKT2 was modulated by OsCBL1/OsCIPK23, evoking the outward activity and diminishing the inward current. The physiological relevance in relation to the rectification diversity of OsAKT2 was addressed by functional assembly in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) akt2 mutant. Overexpression (OE) of OsAKT2 complemented the K+ deficiency in the phloem sap and leaves of the mutant plants but did not significantly contribute to the transport of sugars. However, the expression of OsAKT2-K191R overcame both the shortage of phloem K+ and sucrose of the akt2 mutant, which was comparable to the effects of the OE of AtAKT2, while the expression of the inward mutation AtAKT2-R195K resembled the effects of OsAKT2. Additionally, OE of OsAKT2 ameliorated the salt tolerance of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shun-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jun-Lin Li
- Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264002, China
| | - Shao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jia-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yan-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Author for communication:
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Venkataraman G, Shabala S, Véry AA, Hariharan GN, Somasundaram S, Pulipati S, Sellamuthu G, Harikrishnan M, Kumari K, Shabala L, Zhou M, Chen ZH. To exclude or to accumulate? Revealing the role of the sodium HKT1;5 transporter in plant adaptive responses to varying soil salinity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:333-342. [PMID: 34837866 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arid/semi-arid and coastal agricultural areas of the world are especially vulnerable to climate change-driven soil salinity. Salinity tolerance in plants is a complex trait, with salinity negatively affecting crop yield. Plants adopt a range of mechanisms to combat salinity, with many transporter genes being implicated in Na+-partitioning processes. Within these, the high-affinity K+ (HKT) family of transporters play a critical role in K+ and Na+ homeostasis in plants. Among HKT transporters, Type I transporters are Na+-specific. While Arabidopsis has only one Na + -specific HKT (AtHKT1;1), cereal crops have a multiplicity of Type I and II HKT transporters. AtHKT1; 1 (Arabidopsis thaliana) and HKT1; 5 (cereal crops) 'exclude' Na+ from the xylem into xylem parenchyma in the root, reducing shoot Na+ and hence, confer sodium tolerance. However, more recent data from Arabidopsis and crop species show that AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 alleles have a strong genetic association with 'shoot sodium accumulation' and concomitant salt tolerance. The review tries to resolve these two seemingly contradictory effects of AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 operation (shoot exclusion vs shoot accumulation), both conferring salinity tolerance and suggests that contrasting phenotypes are attributable to either hyper-functional or weak AtHKT1;1/HKT1;5 alleles/haplotypes and are under strong selection by soil salinity levels. It also suggests that opposite balancing mechanisms involving xylem ion loading in these contrasting phenotypes exist that require transporters such as SOS1 and CCC. While HKT1; 5 is a crucial but not sole determinant of salinity tolerance, investigation of the adaptive benefit(s) conferred by naturally occurring intermediate HKT1;5 alleles will be important under a climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Anne-Aliénor Véry
- Biochimie & Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060, Montpellier Cedex 2, France.
| | - Gopalasamudram Neelakantan Hariharan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Suji Somasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600124, India
| | - Shalini Pulipati
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India; Forest Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Kamycka 129, Praha, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Mohan Harikrishnan
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Kumkum Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Lana LG, de Araújo LM, Silva TF, Modolo LV. Interplay between gasotransmitters and potassium is a K +ey factor during plant response to abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:322-332. [PMID: 34837865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gasotransmitters known for their roles in plant response to (a)biotic stresses. The crosstalk between these gasotransmitters and potassium ions (K+) has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly due to the dual role of K+ as an essential mineral nutrient and a promoter of plant tolerance to abiotic stress. This review brings together what it is known about the interplay among NO, CO, H2S and K+ in plants with focus on the response to high salinity. Some findings obtained for plants under water deficit and metal stress are also presented and discussed since both abiotic stresses share similarities with salt stress. The molecular targets of the gasotransmitters NO, CO and H2S in root and guard cells that drive plant tolerance to salt stress are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Gouveia Lana
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lara Matos de Araújo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thamara Ferreira Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luzia Valentina Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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Zhou JY, Hao DL, Yang GZ. Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H +-ATPases and Multiple Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12998. [PMID: 34884802 PMCID: PMC8657649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pH homeostasis is a precondition for the normal growth and stress responses in plants, and H+ flux across the plasma membrane is essential for cytoplasmic pH control. Hence, this review focuses on seven types of proteins that possess direct H+ transport activity, namely, H+-ATPase, NHX, CHX, AMT, NRT, PHT, and KT/HAK/KUP, to summarize their plasma-membrane-located family members, the effect of corresponding gene knockout and/or overexpression on cytosolic pH, the H+ transport pathway, and their functional regulation by the extracellular/cytosolic pH. In general, H+-ATPases mediate H+ extrusion, whereas most members of other six proteins mediate H+ influx, thus contributing to cytosolic pH homeostasis by directly modulating H+ flux across the plasma membrane. The fact that some AMTs/NRTs mediate H+-coupled substrate influx, whereas other intra-family members facilitate H+-uncoupled substrate transport, demonstrates that not all plasma membrane transporters possess H+-coupled substrate transport mechanisms, and using the transport mechanism of a protein to represent the case of the entire family is not suitable. The transport activity of these proteins is regulated by extracellular and/or cytosolic pH, with different structural bases for H+ transfer among these seven types of proteins. Notably, intra-family members possess distinct pH regulatory characterization and underlying residues for H+ transfer. This review is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis for cytosolic pH homeostasis. Despite this progress, the strategy of their cooperation for cytosolic pH homeostasis needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guang-Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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