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da Silva L, Chaves A, Casadevall M, de Azevedo O, Macêdo D, de Vasconcelos P. Ad libitum consumption of milk supplemented with omega 3, 6, and 9 oils from infancy to middle age alters behavioral and oxidative outcomes in male mice. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12195. [PMID: 36259798 PMCID: PMC9578697 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2022e12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that administration of omega (ω)-9, ω-3, and ω-6 to mice can prevent oxidative alterations responsible for behavioral and cognitive alterations related with aging. Twenty-eight-day-old mice received skim milk (SM group), SM enriched with omega oil mixture (EM group), or water (control group) for 10 and 14 months, equivalent to middle age. Mice were evaluated for behavioral alterations related to depression and memory and oxidative status [brain levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)]. The 10-month EM group increased immobility time during the forced swimming test compared with control, indicating increased stress response. The 14-month SM- and EM-treated groups increased sucrose consumption compared with control, showing an expanded motivational state. The 14-month SM group decreased the number of rearings compared with the 14-month control and EM groups. The number of entries and time spent in the central square of the open field was higher in the 10-month EM group than in the control, revealing an anxiolytic-like behavior. TBARS decreased in the hippocampus and striatum of the 10-month EM group compared with the control. A similar decrease was observed in the striatum of the 10-month SM group. GSH levels were higher in all 14-month treated groups compared with 10-month groups. MPO activity was higher in the 14-month EM group compared with the 14-month control and SM groups, revealing a possible pro-inflammatory status. In conclusion, omega oils induced conflicting alterations in middle-aged mice, contributing to enhanced behavior and anxiolytic and expanded motivational state, but also to increased stress response and pro-inflammatory alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.B. da Silva
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Médicas Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A.J.M. Chaves
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M.Q.F.C. Casadevall
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Médicas Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - O.G.R. de Azevedo
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Médicas Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D.S. Macêdo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Neuropsicofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Translacional, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - P.R.L. de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Ciências Médicas Cirúrgicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Cussotto S, Delgado I, Oriolo G, Kemper J, Begarie D, Dexpert S, Sauvant J, Leboyer M, Aouizerate B, Martin-Santos R, Schaefer M, Capuron L. Low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids predict reduced response to standard antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:407-418. [PMID: 35357051 DOI: 10.1002/da.23257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a high rate of treatment resistance. Omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were shown to correlate with depressive phenotype both in rodents and in humans. However, few studies to date have investigated the role of PUFAs in antidepressant response. The primary aim of this study was to assess the link between baseline PUFA composition and changes in depressive symptoms as well as antidepressant response in a multicenter study of depressed patients. METHODS Sixty depressed adults who met criteria for MDD according to DSM-IV-TR were recruited. Neuropsychiatric evaluations occurred at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with standard antidepressants, including escitalopram (N = 45), sertraline (N = 13) and venlafaxine (N = 2). At study endpoint, patients were stratified into responders (R) or non-responders (NR) based on their MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) score. Baseline PUFA levels were assessed and their association with clinical response was determined. RESULTS Lower ω-3 PUFA levels were associated to worse baseline symptomatology. Baseline levels of PUFAs were significantly different between R and NR, with R exhibiting lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and ω-3 index; and higher ω-6/ω-3 ratio than NR before the start of antidepressant treatment. DHA levels as well as the ω-3 index and ω-6/ω-3 ratio significantly predicted response to antidepressants at study endpoint. CONCLUSIONS These results show that baseline levels of PUFAs predict later response to standard antidepressants in depressed subjects. They suggest that PUFA intake and/or metabolism represent a novel modifiable tool for the management of unresponsive depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Cussotto
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Inês Delgado
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Oriolo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonas Kemper
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, and Addiction Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Diane Begarie
- Departement de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra Dexpert
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Sauvant
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM, U955, Translational Neuro-Psychiatry lab, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Département Universitaire d'Addictologie et Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Henri Mondor University Hospital, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Bruno Aouizerate
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France.,CH Charles Perrens, Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Centre de référence régional des pathologies anxieuses et dépressives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rocío Martin-Santos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Schaefer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics, and Addiction Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucile Capuron
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
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Tung TH, Nguyen NTK, Huang SY. New Insights into Depressive Disorder with Respect to Low-Grade Inflammation and Fish Oil Intake. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:1539-1550. [PMID: 34732633 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess21209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unipolar depression has been recognized as one of the major diseases by the World Health Organization in the 21st century. The etiology of depression is complicated and includes genetic factors, stress, aging, and special physical status (pregnancy, metabolic syndrome, and trauma). Numerous animal and human studies have demonstrated that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are highly correlated to cognition and depression. These nutritional antidepressants, including EPA and DHA, have a range of neurobiological activities contributing to their potential antidepressant effects. Our preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that n-3 PUFA supplementation in addition to standard antidepressant medications may provide synergistic neuroprotective and antioxidant/inflammatory effects. To translate our preliminary findings into clinical application, this paper reviews the existing evidence on the antidepressant effects of n-3 PUFAs and the potential underlying mechanisms, which include modulation of chronic lowgrade inflammation and the corresponding changes in peripheral blood immune biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hsuan Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University
| | - Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital
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LC R, EM B, DB H, H S, AR P. A pilot randomized controlled trial testing supplements of omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, combination or placebo on symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Borsini A, Stangl D, Jeffries AR, Pariante CM, Thuret S. The role of omega-3 fatty acids in preventing glucocorticoid-induced reduction in human hippocampal neurogenesis and increase in apoptosis. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:219. [PMID: 32636362 PMCID: PMC7341841 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been suggested to be involved in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression. One of the possible mechanisms through which glucocorticoids contribute to the development of the depressive symptomatology is via regulation of distinct neurogenic mechanisms in the brain. A preventive or protective approach for these patients might be the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are known for they neuroprotective properties. We used the human hippocampal progenitor cell line HPC0A07/03C and pre-treated cells with either EPA or DHA, followed by treatment with the glucocorticoid cortisol either alone, or in co-treatment with the same n-3 PUFA during subsequent 3 days of proliferation and 7 days of differentiation. During proliferation, both EPA and DHA were able to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in proliferation and increase in apoptosis, when used in pre-treatment, and both pre- and co-treatment. During differentiation, EPA was able to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in neurogenesis and increase in apoptosis, when used in pre-treatment, and both pre- and co-treatment only during the proliferation stage; however, DHA required continuous treatment also during the differentiation stage to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in neurogenesis. Using transcriptomic analyses, we showed that both EPA and DHA regulated pathways involved in oxidative stress and immune response [e.g., nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Interferon (IFN) and Interleukin (IL)-1 signaling], whereas DHA also regulated pathways involved in cell development and neuronal formation [e.g., cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling]. We provide the first evidence for treatment with both EPA and DHA to prevent cortisol-induced reduction in human hippocampal neurogenesis, and identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borsini
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology & Perinatal Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK.
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Doris Stangl
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Carmine M Pariante
- Section of Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology & Perinatal Psychiatry, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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6
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Carabelli B, Delattre AM, Waltrick APF, Araújo G, Suchecki D, Machado RB, de Souza LER, Zanata SM, Zanoveli JM, Ferraz AC. Fish-oil supplementation decreases Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase expression and increases hippocampal serotonin levels in the LPS depression model. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112675. [PMID: 32407816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test the hypothesis that the antidepressant-like effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is related to the Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition. METHODS Animals were supplemented for 50 days with 3.0 g/kg of Fish Oil (FO) or received water (Control group - C), via gavage. At the end of this period, both groups were injected with LPS 24 h before the modified forced swim test (MFST) and the open field. To assess the possible involvement of IDO in the FO effects, we performed two independent experiments, using two IDO inhibitors: the direct inhibitor 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT) and the anti-inflammatory drug minocycline (MINO), administered 23 h, 5 h and 1 h before the tests. After the tests, the animals' hippocampi were removed for quantification of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) by HPLC, and for IDO expression by western blot. RESULTS LPS induced a depressive-like state in the animals, and this effect was blocked by 1-MT, MINO and FO. Regardless of IDO inhibition, FO supplemented animals displayed an antidepressant-like response by increasing swimming and decreasing immobility frequencies in the MFST when compared to the control group. The immune challenge induced an over-expression of IDO and reduced hippocampal 5-HT levels, both of which were reversed by MINO and FO. CONCLUSION FO induced a pronounced antidepressant-like effect and prevented LPS-induced depressive-like behavior, and this effect was related to decreased IDO expression and increased 5-HT levels in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Carabelli
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Márcia Delattre
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia Araújo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvio M Zanata
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Anete Curte Ferraz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Takeuchi E, Yamada D, Suzuki S, Saitoh A, Itoh M, Hayashi T, Yamada M, Wada K, Sekiguchi M. Participation of the nucleus accumbens dopaminergic system in the antidepressant-like actions of a diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230647. [PMID: 32210469 PMCID: PMC7094879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of omega (ω)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on major depressive disorder have been actively studied, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study examined the involvement of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopaminergic systems in behavioral changes in mice fed a diet high in ω-3 PUFAs. Mice fed a diet containing about double the amount of ω-3 PUFAs (krill oil (KO) diet) exerted shorter immobility times in the forced swim test (FST) than mice fed a control diet, containing only α-linolenic acid (ALA) as ω-3 PUFAs. The shorter immobility times were observed in both male and female mice. A dopamine metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, increased in the NAc in male mice fed the KO diet when compared with those fed the control diet. In addition, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, and homovanillic acid increased in the NAc in female mice fed the KO diet. Notably, the effects of the KO diet on the immobility time in the FST were abolished by microinjection of sulpiride, an antagonist of D2-like receptors, into the NAc. A similar microinjection of an antagonist selective for D1-like receptors, SKF83566, also abolished the reduction in immobility in the FST. Moreover, we found that tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells increased in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in mice fed the KO diet. These results suggest that modulation of the VTA-NAc dopaminergic pathway is one of the mechanisms by which a KO diet rich in ω-3 PUFAs reduces the immobility behavior in the mouse FST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Takeuchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Saitoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: ,
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8
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Giacobbe J, Benoiton B, Zunszain P, Pariante CM, Borsini A. The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Metabolites in Pre-Clinical Models of Psychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurological Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:122. [PMID: 32180741 PMCID: PMC7059745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has been identified as one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the role of inflammation in those conditions, there is still a lack of effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) can reduce depressive symptoms and exert anti-inflammatory action putatively by the production of distinct n-3 PUFA-derived metabolites, such as resolvins D (RvD) and E (RvE) series, maresins (MaR) and protectins (PD), which are collectively named specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and act as strong anti-inflammatory agents. In this review we summarize evidence showing the effects of treatment with those metabolites in pre-clinical models of psychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. A total of 25 pre-clinical studies were identified using the PubMed database. Overall, RvD and RvE treatment improved depressive-like behaviors, whereas protectins and maresins ameliorated neurological function. On a cellular level, RvDs increased serotonin levels in a model of depression, and decreased gliosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Protectins prevented neurite and dendrite retraction and apoptosis in models of neurodegeneration, while maresins reduced cell death across all studies. In terms of mechanisms, all SPMs down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. Resolvins activated mTOR and MAP/ERK signaling in models of depression, while resolvins and maresins activated the NF-κB pathway in models of neurodegeneration and neurological disorders. Our review indicates a potential promising approach for tailored therapy with n-3 PUFAs-derived metabolites in the treatment of psychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Giacobbe
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie Benoiton
- Guy's King's and St. Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Zunszain
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Wang T, Niu K, Fan A, Bi N, Tao H, Chen XT, Wang HL. Dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviates cognition deficits and depression-like behaviour via cannabinoid system in sleep deprivation rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 384:112545. [PMID: 32035867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common feature in modern society. Prolonged sleep deprivation causes cognition deficits and depression-like behavior in the model of animal experiments. Endocannabinoid system are key modulators of synaptic function, which were related to memory and mood. Although the underlying mechanism remains unknown, several studies indicated the benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, linolenic acid, 39.7 %; linoleic acid, 28 %; and oleic acid, 22 %) on brain function through the endocannabinoid system. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of dietary PUFAs on cognition deficits induced by sleep deprivation in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were sleep deprivation continuously for 7 days and fed with PUFAs at three different dosages (2, 4 and 8 μl/g body weight) at the meantime. The effect of PUFAs on cognition was investigated by object recognition test while depressive-like behavior were detected using sucrose preference test and forced swim test. The mechanism of PUFAs was elucidated by hippocampal synaptic transmission analyses. The resluts revealed that SD led to the disorder of cognition and mood which was improved by the supplement of PUFAs. SD significantly increased the mEPSC frequency, and decreased the protein level of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1R). These changes were restored by supplement of PUFAs, which showed a similar level to the control group. Behaviour tests showed that the positive effects on repairing cognition and anxiety disorders were almost completely abolished when the CB1R receptor antagonist rimonabant was applied to the SD rats. These findings indicated that PUFAs are a factor regulating cognition deficits and depression induced by SD via cannabinoid type-1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Kang Niu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Anni Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Nanxi Bi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Han Tao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Xiang-Tao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
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10
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Lee HC, Lo YC, Yu SC, Tung TH, Lin IH, Huang SY. Degree of lipid saturation affects depressive-like behaviour and gut microbiota in mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:440-452. [PMID: 31645150 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1681380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of the degree of lipid saturation on depressive behaviour and gut microbiota in mice. Thirty-two mice were divided into normal (N), Prozac (NP), lard (L) and fish oil (F) groups. After a 12-week dietary intervention, the open field test (OFT) and the forced swim test (FST) were conducted before sacrifice. The mice in the L group exhibited anxiety-like behaviours in the OFT and depressive-like behaviours in the FST. A significant difference was observed in β-diversity indices between the L group and the F group. The abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in the F group than in the L and N groups. The prefrontal cortex fatty acid composition was altered in various lipid-treated groups and was highly correlated with depressive-like behaviours. In conclusion, the degree of lipid saturation affects depressive-like behaviour, gut microbiota composition, and the prefrontal cortex fatty acid profile in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chuan Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Chun Lo
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Chuan Yu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Te-Hsuan Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Häberling I, Berger G, Schmeck K, Held U, Walitza S. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Treatment for Pediatric Depression. A Phase III, 36 Weeks, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Superiority Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:863. [PMID: 31827448 PMCID: PMC6892434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Depressive disorders in childhood and adolescence are a major health problem and often follow a chronic course with severe consequences in later life. Depressive disorders cause the highest burden of disease in this age group across all medical conditions. Treatment adherence is usually very poor, and the use of antidepressant drugs is heavily debated, as suicidal ideations may increase, in particular in the early phase of treatment. Omega-3 fatty acids rich in eicosapentaenoic acid have shown some promising results in over a dozen small scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adult major depressive disorders, with only very few published RCTs in children and adolescents. High-quality phase III RCTs are missing. Methods and Design: The omega-3-pMDD trial is a carefully designed phase III RCT to assess the efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids in the early course of pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD). The study is designed as a multi-center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial enrolling 220 patients aged 8 to 17 years meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder of at least moderate symptom severity. After a single-blinded placebo-lead-in phase (7 to 10 days) patients are randomly assigned to omega-3 fatty acids or placebo over 36 weeks. Primary outcomes are changes in depression severity, as well as remission and recovery rates. Secondary outcome measures include the omega-3 index and inflammatory parameters as predictors of response. Data analysis will be performed in the intention-to-treat sample using a (generalized) linear random intercept regression model. Through sampling of blood, hair, saliva, and urine, further putative biological markers for depression and omega-3 fatty response will be investigated. Discussion: This trial addresses if omega-3 fatty acids play a role in the pathogenesis of pediatric MDDs and have antidepressant properties, in particular in clinically depressed children and adolescents with a pre-existing omega-3 fatty acid deficiency, increased markers of oxidative stress, and/or markers of (low grade) inflammation. Ethics and Dissemination: The study was approved by the local ethics committees. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals irrespective of specific outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03167307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Häberling
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schmeck
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospitals Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Held
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Research Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency and Progressive Neuropathology in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Translational Evidence and Candidate Mechanisms. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2019; 27:94-107. [PMID: 30633010 PMCID: PMC6411441 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analytic evidence indicates that mood and psychotic disorders are associated with both omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA) deficits and progressive regional gray and white matter pathology. Although the association between omega-3 PUFA insufficiency and progressive neuropathological processes remains speculative, evidence from translational research suggests that omega-3 PUFA insufficiency may represent a plausible and modifiable risk factor not only for enduring neurodevelopmental abnormalities in brain structure and function, but also for increased vulnerability to neurodegenerative processes. Recent evidence from human neuroimaging studies suggests that lower omega-3 PUFA intake/status is associated with accelerated gray matter atrophy in healthy middle-aged and elderly adults, particularly in brain regions consistently implicated in mood and psychotic disorders, including the amygdala, anterior cingulate, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and temporal cortex. Human neuroimaging evidence also suggests that both low omega-3 PUFA intake/status and psychiatric disorders are associated with reductions in white matter microstructural integrity and increased rates of white matter hyperintensities. Preliminary evidence suggests that increasing omega-3 PUFA status is protective against gray matter atrophy and deficits in white matter microstructural integrity in patients with mood and psychotic disorders. Plausible mechanisms mediating this relationship include elevated pro-inflammatory signaling, increased synaptic regression, and reductions in cerebral perfusion. Together these associations encourage additional neuroimaging research to directly investigate whether increasing omega-3 PUFA status can mitigate neuropathological processes in patients with, or at high risk for, psychiatric disorders.
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Jackson C, Barrett DW, Shumake J, Gonzales E, Gonzalez-Lima F, Lane MA. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid intake during neurodevelopment does not affect pup behavior related to depression, novelty, or learning. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:812. [PMID: 30442183 PMCID: PMC6238316 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Previously, we showed that consumption of a diet supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3FAs) for two rounds of gestation and lactation increased the ability of rat dams to cope with stress when compared to dams that ingested a diet lacking n-3FAs. The objective of this study was to determine if the diets of these dams affected the behavior of their pups later in life. To isolate the neurodevelopmental effects of n-3FAs, pups from the second gestation were weaned to a diet adequate in n-3FAs. Pup testing began at 8 weeks of age and consisted of the forced swim, open field, and hole board tests to examine depression-related behavior, reaction to novelty, and learning and memory, respectively. Results Given the considerable difference in the n-3FA content of the maternal diet, we expected a large effect size, however with the exception of rearing duration, maternal diet did not affect behavior in any of the tests conducted. These results suggest that maternal n-3FA supplementation during neurodevelopment likely does not affect offspring behavior when a diet adequate in n-3FA is provided post-weaning. Rather, we hypothesize that brain n-3FAs at the time of testing confer altered behavior and corroborate the need for additional research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3915-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Jackson
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Douglas W Barrett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jason Shumake
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Elisa Gonzales
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - F Gonzalez-Lima
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop A8000, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michelle A Lane
- Nutrition and Foods Program, School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
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14
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Nasehi M, Mosavi-Nezhad SM, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR. The role of omega-3 on modulation of cognitive deficiency induced by REM sleep deprivation in rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 351:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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15
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Larrieu T, Layé S. Food for Mood: Relevance of Nutritional Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Depression and Anxiety. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1047. [PMID: 30127751 PMCID: PMC6087749 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has the highest concentration of lipids in the organism after adipose tissue. Among these lipids, the brain is particularly enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) represented by the omega-6 (ω6) and omega-3 (ω3) series. These PUFAs include arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. PUFAs have received substantial attention as being relevant to many brain diseases, including anxiety and depression. This review addresses an important question in the area of nutritional neuroscience regarding the importance of ω3 PUFAs in the prevention and/or treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, mainly depression and anxiety. In particular, it focuses on clinical and experimental data linking dietary intake of ω3 PUFAs and depression or anxiety. In particular, we will discuss recent experimental data highlighting how ω3 PUFAs can modulate neurobiological processes involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression. Potential mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective and corrective activity of ω3 PUFAs in the brain are discussed, in particular the sensing activity of free fatty acid receptors and the activity of the PUFAs-derived endocannabinoid system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Larrieu
- UMR 1286, NutriNeuro: Laboratoire Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- UMR 1286, NutriNeuro: Laboratoire Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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16
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Steyn SF, Harvey BH, Brink CB. Immediate and long-term antidepressive-like effects of pre-pubertal escitalopram and omega-3 supplementation combination in young adult stress-sensitive rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 351:49-62. [PMID: 29807070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects a significant number of children and adolescents, yet treatment options for this population remain very limited. Escitalopram (ESC) is one of only two antidepressants approved as treatment for juvenile depression. Still, delayed onset of action, and immediate plus the risk of lasting side effects contribute to low patient adherence, and places the medical prescriber in a difficult situation weighing the potential long-term effects of juvenile treatment against the known consequences of untreated MDD. Research into alternative or augmentation strategies and their long-term effects are needed to improve clinical outcome and better our understanding of the long-term consequences of early-life treatment. We investigated the early-life (postnatal day 35 (PND35)) and lasting (PND60) bio-behavioural effects of pre-pubertal (PND21 to PND34) escitalopram (ESC) administration and/or ω-3 supplementation (OM3) in stress sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line rats. Only ESC treatment showed a strong trend to decrease depressive-like behaviour via significantly increased climbing behaviour on PND35. However, OM3 treatment reduced locomotor activity and increased hippocampal neuroplasticity on PND35, suggesting improved coping behaviour and masking of possible antidepressant-like effects. Reduced locomotor activity lasted into early-adulthood on PND60, despite a treatment-free period from PND35 to PND60. Regardless, early-adulthood antidepressive-like behaviour was only observed in the combination treatment (ESC + OM3) group, despite a significant increase in serotonin turnover, suggesting strong neurodevelopmental process to be involved. Taken together, the combination of ESC and OM3 might induce lasting beneficial neurodevelopmental effects in a stress-sensitive population, suggesting a possible role in current treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanus F Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North West-University, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North West-University, South Africa
| | - Christiaan B Brink
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North West-University, South Africa.
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17
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Su KP, Yang HT, Chang JPC, Shih YH, Guu TW, Kumaran SS, Gałecki P, Walczewska A, Pariante CM. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids have different effects on peripheral phospholipase A2 gene expressions in acute depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018. [PMID: 28648567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proven critical in the development and management of major depressive disorder (MDD) by a number of epidemiological, clinical and preclinical studies, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this therapeutic action are yet to be understood. Although eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) seems to be the active component of omega-3 PUFAs' antidepressant effects, the biological research about the difference of specific genetic regulations between EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the two main components of omega-3 PUFAs, is still lacking in human subjects. METHODS We conducted a 12-week randomized-controlled trial comparing the effects of EPA and DHA on gene expressions of phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), serotonin transporter (5HTT), and Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH-2) in 27 MDD patients. In addition, the erythrocyte PUFA compositions and the candidate gene expressions were also compared between these 27 MDD patients and 22 healthy controls. RESULTS EPA was associated with a significant decrease in HAM-D scores (CI: -13 to -21, p<0.001) and significant increases in erythrocyte levels of EPA (CI: +1.0% to +2.9%, p=0.001) and DHA (CI: +2.9% to +5.6%, p=0.007). DHA treatment was associated with a significant decrease in HAM-D scores (CI: -6 to -14, p<0.001) and a significant increase in DHA levels (CI: +0.2% to +2.3%, p=0.047), but not of EPA levels. The cPLA2 gene expression levels were significantly increased in patients received EPA (1.9 folds, p=0.038), but not DHA (1.08 folds, p=0.92). There was a tendency for both EPA and DHA groups to decrease COX-2 gene expressions. The gene expressions of COX-2, cPLA2, TPH-2 and 5-HTT did not differ between MDD cases and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS EPA differentiates from DHA in clinical antidepressant efficacy and in upregulating cPLA2 gene regulations, which supports the clinical observation showing the superiority of EPA's antidepressant effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02615405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; College of Medicine & Brain Disease Research Center (BDRC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; College of Medicine & Brain Disease Research Center (BDRC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hua Shih
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine & Brain Disease Research Center (BDRC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wei Guu
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Satyanarayanan Senthil Kumaran
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab) & Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tang M, Liu Y, Wang L, Li H, Cai H, Zhang M, Dang R, Xue Y, Wu Y. An Ω-3 fatty acid-deficient diet during gestation induces depressive-like behavior in rats: the role of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) system. Food Funct 2018; 9:3481-3488. [PMID: 29882567 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01714f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low intake of omega-3 (Ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Huande Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Hualin Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Ruili Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy
- Jining First People's Hospital
- Jining Medical University
- Jining 272000
- PR China
| | - Ying Xue
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
| | - Yanqin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
- Second Xiangya Hospital
- Central South University
- Changsha
- PR China
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19
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Guo YR, Lee HC, Lo YC, Yu SC, Huang SY. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids preventd-galactose-induced cognitive deficits in prediabetic rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:2228-2239. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional deficit of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is closely related to cognitive impairment and depression in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ru Guo
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chun Lo
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chuan Yu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences
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20
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Nock TG, Chouinard-Watkins R, Plourde M. Carriers of an apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele are more vulnerable to a dietary deficiency in omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1068-1078. [PMID: 28733268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Carriers of an epsilon 4 allele (E4) of apolipoprotein E (APOE) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) earlier than carriers of other APOE alleles. The metabolism of plasma docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), an omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA), taken up by the brain and concentrated in neurons, is disrupted in E4 carriers, resulting in lower levels of brain DHA. Behavioural and cognitive impairments have been observed in animals with lower brain DHA levels, with emphasis on loss of spatial memory and increased anxiety. E4 mice provided a diet deficient in n-3 FA had a greater depletion of n-3 FA levels in organs and tissues than mice carrying other APOE alleles. However, providing n-3 FA can restore levels of brain DHA in E4 animals and in other models of n-3 FA deficiency. In E4 carriers, supplementation with DHA as early as possible might help to prevent the onset of AD and could halt the progression of, and reverse some of the neurological and behavioural consequences of their higher vulnerability to n-3 FA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Gwendolyn Nock
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Services Sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Canada; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec City, Canada.
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21
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Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and recurrent mood disorders: Phenomenology, mechanisms, and clinical application. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:1-13. [PMID: 28069365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A body of evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology and etiology of recurrent mood disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Cross-national and cross-sectional evidence suggests that greater habitual intake of n-3 PUFA is associated with reduced risk for developing mood symptoms. Meta-analyses provide strong evidence that patients with mood disorders exhibit low blood n-3 PUFA levels which are associated with increased risk for the initial development of mood symptoms in response to inflammation. While the etiology of this n-3 PUFA deficit may be multifactorial, n-3 PUFA supplementation is sufficient to correct this deficit and may also have antidepressant effects. Rodent studies suggest that n-3 PUFA deficiency during perinatal development can recapitulate key neuropathological, neurochemical, and behavioral features associated with mood disorders. Clinical neuroimaging studies suggest that low n-3 PUFA biostatus is associated with abnormalities in cortical structure and function also observed in mood disorders. Collectively, these findings implicate dietary n-3 PUFA insufficiency, particularly during development, in the pathophysiology of mood dysregulation, and support implementation of routine screening for and treatment of n-3 PUFA deficiency in patients with mood disorders.
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Robertson RC, Seira Oriach C, Murphy K, Moloney GM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Paul Ross R, Stanton C. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids critically regulate behaviour and gut microbiota development in adolescence and adulthood. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 59:21-37. [PMID: 27423492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopment is strongly influenced by maternal and early-postnatal diet. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are vital structural and functional components of the developing brain. The gut microbiota is also influenced by n-3 PUFA status, however, little is known about the role of maternal and early-life n-3 PUFA intake on offspring gut microbiota development and subsequent interactions with central nervous system functioning and behavioural outcomes. METHODS Pregnant female C57BL/6 mice and their male offspring were fed a control (CON), omega-3 deficient (O3-) or omega-3 supplemented (O3+) diet. Cognitive, depressive and social behaviours were assessed through a battery of behaviour tests in the male offspring at both adolescence (week 4-5) and adulthood (week 11-13). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activation was assessed by analysis of stress-induced corticosterone production. Fecal microbiota composition was analysed by 16S sequencing at both adolescent and adulthood. In addition, stimulated spleen cytokine levels were assessed. RESULTS n-3 PUFA interventions induced subtle changes in offspring early-life and adolescent behaviours, which were further evident in adulthood, such that O3- animals displayed impaired communication, social and depression-related behaviours and O3+ animals displayed enhanced cognition. O3- mice displayed an elevated Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and blunted systemic LPS responsiveness. Contrastingly, O3+ mice displayed greater fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus abundance and dampened HPA-axis activity. CONCLUSIONS Neurobehavioural development related to cognitive, anxiety and social behaviours, is highly dependent upon in utero and lifelong n-3 PUFA availability. In addition, neurobehavioural changes induced by altering n-3 PUFA status are closely associated with comprehensive alterations in gut microbiota composition, HPA-axis activity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi C Robertson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clara Seira Oriach
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kiera Murphy
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- School of Science Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Radcliffe J, Thomas J, Bramley A, Kouris-Blazos A, Radford B, Scholey A, Pipingas A, Thomas C, Itsiopoulos C. Controversies in omega-3 efficacy and novel concepts for application. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Berger G. Comments on Bozzatello et al. Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Literature Data. J. Clin. Med. 2016, 5, 67. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5080069. [PMID: 27527228 PMCID: PMC4999789 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5080069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Outpatient Clinics and Specialized Care, Emergency Services, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Neumünsterallee 3, P.O. Box 1482, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
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McNamara RK. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Depression: Current Status and Future Directions. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016; 5:96-106. [PMID: 27766299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades a body of translational evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids, including eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology and etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Cross-national and cross-sectional data suggest that greater habitual intake of preformed EPA+DHA is associated with reduced risk for developing depressive symptoms and syndromal MDD. Erythrocyte EPA and DHA composition is highly correlated with habitual fish or fish oil intake, and case-control studies have consistently observed lower erythrocyte EPA and/or DHA levels in patients with MDD. Low erythrocyte EPA+DHA composition may also be associated with increased risk for suicide and cardiovascular disease, two primary causes of excess premature mortality in MDD. While controversial, dietary EPA+DHA supplementation may have antidepressant properties and may augment the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant medications. Neuroimaging and rodent neurodevelopmental studies further suggest that low LCn-3 fatty acid intake or biostatus can recapitulate central pathophysiological features associated with MDD. Prospective findings suggest that low LCn-3 fatty acid biostatus increases risk for depressive symptoms in part by augmenting pro-inflammatory responsivity. When taken collectively, these translational findings provide a strong empirical foundation in support of dietary LCn-3 fatty acid deficiency as a modifiable risk factor for MDD. This review provides an overview of this translational evidence and then discusses future directions including strategies to translate this evidence into routine clinical screening and treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0516
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27
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Wu YQ, Dang RL, Tang MM, Cai HL, Li HD, Liao DH, He X, Cao LJ, Xue Y, Jiang P. Long Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Neurotoxicity in Rats: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. Nutrients 2016; 8:243. [PMID: 27120616 PMCID: PMC4848711 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in human malignancies. Its long-term use can cause neurobiological side-effects associated with depression. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), the essential fatty acids found in fish oil, possess neuroprotecitve and antidepressant activities. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the potential protective effects of ω-3 PUFAs against DOX-induced behavioral changes and neurotoxicity. ω-3 PUFAs were given daily by gavage (1.5 g/kg) over three weeks starting seven days before DOX administration (2.5 mg/kg). Open-field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted to assess exploratory activity and despair behavior, respectively. Our data showed that ω-3 PUFAs supplementation significantly mitigated the behavioral changes induced by DOX. ω-3 PUFAs pretreatment also alleviated the DOX-induced neural apoptosis. Meanwhile, ω-3 PUFAs treatment ameliorated DOX-induced oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Additionally, gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the protein levels of NF-κB and iNOS were significantly increased in brain tissues of DOX-treated group, whereas ω-3 PUFAs supplementation significantly attenuated DOX-induced neuroinflammation. In conclusion, ω-3 PUFAs can effectively protect against DOX-induced depressive-like behaviors, and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect are potentially associated with its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Rui-Li Dang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Mi-Mi Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Hua-Lin Cai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Huan-De Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - De-Hua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Ling-Juan Cao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Ying Xue
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
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28
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Messamore E, McNamara RK. Detection and treatment of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in psychiatric practice: Rationale and implementation. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:25. [PMID: 26860589 PMCID: PMC4748485 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A body of translational evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids, including eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology and potentially etiology of different psychiatric disorders. Case–control studies have consistently observed low erythrocyte (red blood cell) EPA and/or DHA levels in patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Low erythrocyte EPA + DHA biostatus can be treated with fish oil-based formulations containing preformed EPA + DHA, and extant evidence suggests that fish oil supplementation is safe and well-tolerated and may have therapeutic benefits. These and other data provide a rationale for screening for and treating LCn-3 fatty acid deficiency in patients with psychiatric illness. To this end, we have implemented a pilot program that routinely measures blood fatty acid levels in psychiatric patients entering a residential inpatient clinic. To date over 130 blood samples, primarily from patients with treatment-refractory mood or anxiety disorders, have been collected and analyzed. Our initial results indicate that the majority (75 %) of patients exhibit whole blood EPA + DHA levels at ≤4 percent of total fatty acid composition, a rate that is significantly higher than general population norms (25 %). In a sub-set of cases, corrective treatment with fish oil-based products has resulted in improvements in psychiatric symptoms without notable side effects. In view of the urgent need for improvements in conventional treatment algorithms, these preliminary findings provide important support for expanding this approach in routine psychiatric practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Messamore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Rm. 3306, Cincinnati, OH, 45218-0516, USA.,Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH, USA
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 260 Stetson Street, Rm. 3306, Cincinnati, OH, 45218-0516, USA.
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29
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Guo YR, Hsu YH, Liang A, Lu WJ, Wu CH, Lee HC, Huang SY. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate cognitive age-related impairments and depressive behaviour in unchallenged aged prediabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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30
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Yan S, You ZL, Zhao QY, Peng C, He G, Gou XJ, Lin B. Antidepressant-like effects of Sanyuansan in the mouse forced swim test, tail suspension test, and chronic mild stress model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2015; 31:605-12. [PMID: 26709221 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been widely reported as effective therapeutic alternatives for treatment of depression. Sanyuansan is a compound recipe composed of ginseng total saponins, fish oil, and valeriana. The aims of this study were to validate whether Sanyuansan has antidepressant-like effects through acute behavioral tests including the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), locomotor activity test, and chronic mild stress (CMS) mice model of depression. C57BL/6 mice were given oral administration of 30 mg/kg imipramine, Sanyuansan, and saline, respectively. The acute behavioral tests including the TST, FST, and locomotor activity test were done after the administration of drugs for consecutively three times (24 hours, 1 hour, and 0.5 hour prior to the tests). Furthermore, the sucrose preference and the serum corticosterone level of mice in the CMS model were examined. Sanyuansan only at 900 mg/kg markedly reduced immobility time in the TST compared with the saline-treated group of mice. Sanyuansan at doses of 225 mg/kg, 450 mg/kg, and 900 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility time of mice in the FST. Sanyuansan reversed the CMS-induced anhedonia and hyperactivation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. In addition, our results showed that neither imipramine nor Sanyuansan at any dosage increased spontaneous motor activity. These results suggested that Sanyuansan induced significant antidepressant-like effects in mice in both acute and chronic animal models, which seemed unlikely to be attributed to an increase in locomotor activities of mice, and had no sedative-like effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yan
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Commission, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Li You
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiu-Ying Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Systematic Study and Exploitation Utilization of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Commission, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Gou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Commission, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Commission, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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31
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Pan H, Piermartiri TCB, Chen J, McDonough J, Oppel C, Driwech W, Winter K, McFarland E, Black K, Figueiredo T, Grunberg N, Marini AM. Repeated systemic administration of the nutraceutical alpha-linolenic acid exerts neuroprotective efficacy, an antidepressant effect and improves cognitive performance when given after soman exposure. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:38-50. [PMID: 26386148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to nerve agents results in severe seizures or status epilepticus caused by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, a critical enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine to terminate neurotransmission. Prolonged seizures cause brain damage and can lead to long-term consequences. Current countermeasures are only modestly effective against the brain damage supporting interest in the evaluation of new and efficacious therapies. The nutraceutical alpha-linolenic acid (LIN) is an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that has a wide safety margin. Previous work showed that a single intravenous injection of alpha-linolenic acid (500 nmol/kg) administered before or after soman significantly protected against soman-induced brain damage when analyzed 24h after exposure. Here, we show that administration of three intravenous injections of alpha-linolenic acid over a 7 day period after soman significantly improved motor performance on the rotarod, enhanced memory retention, exerted an anti-depressant-like activity and increased animal survival. This dosing schedule significantly reduced soman-induced neuronal degeneration in four major vulnerable brain regions up to 21 days. Taken together, alpha-linolenic acid reduces the profound behavioral deficits induced by soman possibly by decreasing neuronal cell death, and increases animal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Pan
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tetsade C B Piermartiri
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate School Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John McDonough
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Craig Oppel
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wafae Driwech
- Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Kristin Winter
- Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Emylee McFarland
- Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Katelyn Black
- Pharmacology Branch, Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States
| | - Taiza Figueiredo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Neil Grunberg
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ann M Marini
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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32
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Su KP, Matsuoka Y, Pae CU. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Prevention of Mood and Anxiety Disorders. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 13:129-37. [PMID: 26243838 PMCID: PMC4540034 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2015.13.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders in general, and major depression and anxiety disorders in particular, account for a large burden of disability, morbidity and premature mortality worldwide. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a range of neurobiological activities in modulation of neurotransmitters, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and neuroplasticity, which could contribute to psychotropic effects. Here we reviewed recent research on the benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplements in prevention against major depression, bipolar disorders, interferon-α-induced depression patients with chronic hepatitis C viral infection, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The biological mechanisms underlying omega-3 PUFAs'psychotropic effects are proposed and reviewed. Nutrition is a modifiable environmental factor that might be important in prevention medicine, which have been applied for many years in the secondary prevention of heart disease with omega-3 PUFAs. This review extends the notion that nutrition in psychiatry is a modifiable environmental factor and calls for more researches on prospective clinical studies to justify the preventive application of omega-3 PUFAs in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yutaka Matsuoka
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi-Un Pae
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Brain membrane lipids in major depression and anxiety disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1052-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Komori T. The Effects of Phosphatidylserine and Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Containing Supplement on Late Life Depression. Ment Illn 2015; 7:5647. [PMID: 26266022 PMCID: PMC4508628 DOI: 10.4081/mi.2015.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Late life depression is often associated with a poor response to antidepressants; therefore an alternative strategy for therapy is required. Although several studies have reported that phosphatidylserine (PS) may be effective for late life depression and that omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA have also proven beneficial for many higher mental functions, including depression, no concrete conclusion has been reached. This study was performed to clarify the effect of PS and omega-3 fatty acid-containing supplement for late life depression by not only clinical evaluation but also salivary cortisol levels. Eighteen elderly subjects with major depression were selected for the study. In all, insufficient improvement had been obtained by antidepressant therapy for at least 6 months. The exclusion criteria from prior brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) included the presence of structural MRI findings compatible with stroke or other gross brain lesions or malformations, but not white matter hypersensitivities. They took a supplement containing PS 100 mg, DHA 119 mg and EPA 70 mg three times a day for 12 weeks. The effects of the supplement were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton depression scale (HAM-D17) and the basal levels and circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol. The study adopted them as indices because: salivary cortisol levels are high in patients with depression, their circadian rhythm related to salivary cortisol is often irregular, and these symptoms are alleviated as depression improves. The mean HAM-D17 in all subjects taking the supplement was significantly improved after 12 weeks of taking the supplement. These subjects were divided into 10 non-responders and 8 responders. The basal levels and circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol were normalized in the responders while not in non-responders. PS and omega-3 fatty acids, or other elements of the supplement, may be effective for late life depression, associated with the correction of basal levels and circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Komori
- Department of Adult Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, Mie University , Japan
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35
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Appleton KM, Grippo AJ, Beltz TG, Johnson AK. Consumption of a high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet during gradual mild physiological stress in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 95:11-8. [PMID: 25534694 PMCID: PMC4361260 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) may be beneficial for anxiety and depression under stressful conditions. Studies however, typically utilise physical or sudden physiological stress, while gradual physiological stress is also relevant to human conditions. Using deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) administration to induce gradual physiological stress, this study investigated the impact of n-3PUFAs under gradual physiological stress in rats. Animals (aged 2 months) (N=8-12/group) received daily injections of DOCA or vehicle and were concurrently fed a high n-3PUFA or control diet for eight weeks. Behavioural measures were taken throughout. Behavioural tests and physiological measures were conducted after six and eight weeks respectively. DOCA administration decreased plasma renin, plasma proteins and relative adrenal weight, and increased water intake, relative kidney weight, and anxiety in the open field. These findings demonstrate disruptions to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a result of mild physiological stress, that also impact on anxiety behaviours. No effects of n-3PUFAs were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Appleton
- Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; School of Psychology, The Queen׳s University of Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - A J Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
| | - T G Beltz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A K Johnson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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36
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Lee HC, Ko HK, Huang BETG, Chu YH, Huang SY. Antidepressant-like effects of Perilla frutescens seed oil during a forced swimming test. Food Funct 2014; 5:990-6. [PMID: 24651157 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60717h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Unipolar depressive disorder may become one of the major leading causes of disease burden by 2030 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, the discovery of antidepressive foods is attractive and could have considerable impacts worldwide. We investigated the antidepressant-like effects of Perilla frutescens seed oil on adult male rats subjected to a forced swimming test (FST). Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were housed and fed various diets, including soybean oil-rich, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich, and P. frutescens seed oil-rich diets for 6 weeks. After the dietary intervention, animals were tested using an FST and were sacrificed after the test. We analyzed the fatty acid profiles of red blood cells (RBCs) and the brain prefrontal cortex (PFC). Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin, and dopamine in the PFC were also determined. After the FST, the imipramine, EPA-rich, and P. frutescens seed oil-rich groups showed significant shorter immobility time and longer struggling time than the control group (p < 0.05). Levels of BDNF in the P. frutescens seed oil-rich group and levels of serotonin in the EPA-rich group were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the control group. Moreover, the BDNF concentration in the PFC was significantly positively correlated with the struggling time. However, there were no significant differences in dopamine levels between the intervention groups and the control group. In conclusion, a P. frutescens seed oil-rich diet exhibited antidepressant-like properties through modulation of fatty acid profiles and BDNF expression in the brain during an FST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chuan Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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37
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Vagal pathways for microbiome-brain-gut axis communication. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 817:115-33. [PMID: 24997031 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0897-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is now strong evidence from animal studies that gut microorganism can activate the vagus nerve and that such activation plays a critical role in mediating effects on the brain and behaviour. The vagus appears to differentiate between non-pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria even in the absence of overt inflammation and vagal pathways mediate signals that can induce both anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects, depending on the nature of the stimulus. Certain vagal signals from the gut can instigate an anti-inflammatory reflex with afferent signals to the brain activating an efferent response, releasing mediators including acetylcholine that, through an interaction with immune cells, attenuates inflammation. This immunomodulatory role of the vagus nerve may also have consequences for modulation of brain function and mood.What is currently lacking are relevant data on the electrophysiology of the system. Certainly, important advances in our understanding of the gut-brain and microbiome- gut-brain axis will come from studies of how distinct microbial and nutritional stimuli activate the vagus and the nature of the signals transmitted to the brain that lead to differential changes in the neurochemistry of the brain and behaviour.Understanding the induction and transmission of signals in the vagus nerve may have important implications for the development of microbial-or nutrition based therapeutic strategies for mood disorders.
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38
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Omega-3 fatty acids improve behavioral coping to stress in multiparous rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 279:129-38. [PMID: 25446767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral coping refers to the ability to modify behavior to escape from stress, and is protective against the development of depressive disorders. Omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) intake is inversely correlated with anxiety and depression in humans. The objective of this study was to determine if consumption of n-3 FAs promotes adaptive coping behaviors in a multiparous rat model. Twenty female rats were randomly assigned to diets with or without n-3 FA containing menhaden oil or sunflower oil as the fat source, respectively. Rats experienced two cycles of gestation and lactation. Behavioral testing began on the second day after the last parturition. Rats consuming n-3 FAs displayed improved escape learning in the shuttle box test. Specifically, rats consuming n-3 FAs escaped footshock more quickly and had a greater number of successful escapes in the shuttle box than rats not consuming n-3 FAs. Diet did not affect general activity in the open field, but rats consuming n-3 FAs showed less reactivity and habituation to novelty in the open field than rats not consuming n-3 FAs. Immobility and swimming in the forced swim test, risk-taking assessed by the light/dark test, sucrose drinking, and motor coordination were not significantly affected by diet. A diet enriched with n-3 FAs promoted behavioral escape changes consistent with increased adaptive coping to stressful events, suggesting that n-3 FAs may help prevent the development of stress-related depressive disorders.
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39
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Rossetti C, Halfon O, Boutrel B. Controversies about a common etiology for eating and mood disorders. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1205. [PMID: 25386150 PMCID: PMC4209809 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression represent a growing health concern worldwide. For many years, basic science and medicine have considered obesity as a metabolic illness, while depression was classified a psychiatric disorder. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting that obesity and depression may share commonalities, the causal link between eating and mood disorders remains to be fully understood. This etiology is highly complex, consisting of multiple environmental and genetic risk factors that interact with each other. In this review, we sought to summarize the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting a common etiology for eating and mood disorders, with a particular emphasis on signaling pathways involved in the maintenance of energy balance and mood stability, among which orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides, metabolic factors, stress responsive hormones, cytokines, and neurotrophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Rossetti
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Halfon
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Boutrel
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland ; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital Lausanne, Switzerland
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Su KP, Lai HC, Yang HT, Su WP, Peng CY, Chang JPC, Chang HC, Pariante CM. Omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of interferon-alpha-induced depression: results from a randomized, controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:559-66. [PMID: 24602409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon (IFN)-α therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection is frequently associated with depression. The routine prophylaxis with antidepressants might expose patients to adverse effects, hence, the need for alternative preventive interventions. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are safe and effective essential nutritional compounds used for the treatment of depression, putatively through an anti-inflammatory action. In addition, lower erythrocyte levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been associated with an increased risk of IFN-induced depression. METHODS We conducted a 2-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and placebo for the prevention of IFN-α-induced depression. A total of 162 patients consented to participate and were randomized to the study. All of the patients completed the 2-week trial; 152 participants were followed throughout the 24 weeks of IFN-α treatment and were included in the analysis. RESULTS Compared with placebo, the incident rates of IFN-α-induced depression were significantly lower in EPA-treated but not in DHA-treated patients (10% and 28%, respectively, versus 30% for placebo, p = .037). Both EPA and DHA significantly delayed the onset of IFN-induced depression (week of onset: 12.0 and 11.7, respectively, versus 5.3 for placebo, p = .002). EPA and DHA were both well tolerated in this population. EPA treatment increased both EPA and DHA erythrocyte levels, but DHA only increased DHA erythrocyte levels. CONCLUSIONS EPA is effective in the prevention of depression in hepatitis C virus patients received IFN-α therapy. Our study confirms the notion that anti-inflammatory strategies are effective antidepressants in the context of depression associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hsueh-Chou Lai
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ting Yang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pang Su
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yuan Peng
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Chang
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Laino CH, Garcia P, Podestá MF, Höcht C, Slobodianik N, Reinés A. Fluoxetine Potentiation of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Antidepressant Effect: Evaluating Pharmacokinetic and Brain Fatty Acid-Related Aspects in Rodents. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:3316-25. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Able JA, Liu Y, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P, McNamara RK. Omega-3 fatty acid deficient male rats exhibit abnormal behavioral activation in the forced swim test following chronic fluoxetine treatment: association with altered 5-HT1A and alpha2A adrenergic receptor expression. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 50:42-50. [PMID: 24360505 PMCID: PMC3904789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency during development leads to enduing alterations in central monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain. Here we investigated the effects of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency on behavioral and neurochemical responses to chronic fluoxetine (FLX) treatment. Male rats were fed diets with (CON, n = 34) or without (DEF, n = 30) the omega-3 fatty acid precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during peri-adolescent development (P21-P90). A subset of CON (n = 14) and DEF (n = 12) rats were administered FLX (10 mg/kg/d) through their drinking water for 30 d beginning on P60. The forced swimming test (FST) was initiated on P90, and regional brain mRNA markers of serotonin and noradrenaline neurotransmission were determined. Dietary ALA depletion led to significant reductions in frontal cortex docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) composition in DEF (-26%, p = 0.0001) and DEF + FLX (-32%, p = 0.0001) rats. Plasma FLX and norfluoxetine concentrations did not different between FLX-treated DEF and CON rats. During the 15-min FST pretest, DEF + FLX rats exhibited significantly greater climbing behavior compared with CON + FLX rats. During the 5-min test trial, FLX treatment reduced immobility and increased swimming in CON and DEF rats, and only DEF + FLX rats exhibited significant elevations in climbing behavior. DEF + FLX rats exhibited greater midbrain, and lower frontal cortex, 5-HT1A mRNA expression compared with all groups including CON + FLX rats. DEF + FLX rats also exhibited greater midbrain alpha2A adrenergic receptor mRNA expression which was positively correlated with climbing behavior in the FST. These preclinical data demonstrate that low omega-3 fatty acid status leads to abnormal behavioral and neurochemical responses to chronic FLX treatment in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Able
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Ronald Jandacek
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237
| | - Therese Rider
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45237
| | - Robert K. McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267,Corresponding author: Robert K. McNamara, Ph.D. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 260 Stetson Street Cincinnati, OH 45219-0516 PH: 513-558-5601 FAX: 513-558-4805
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Su KP, Wang SM, Pae CU. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for major depressive disorder. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1519-34. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.836487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ota KT, Duman RS. Environmental and pharmacological modulations of cellular plasticity: role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 57:28-37. [PMID: 22691453 PMCID: PMC3458126 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrophy of neurons and gross structural alterations of limbic brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, have been reported in brain imaging and postmortem studies of depressed patients. Preclinical findings have suggested that prolonged negative stress can induce changes comparable to those seen in major depressive disorder (MDD), through dendritic retraction and decreased spine density in PFC and hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that environmental and pharmacological manipulations, including antidepressant medication, exercise, and diet, can block or even reverse many of the molecular changes induced by stress, providing a clear link between these factors and susceptibility to MDD. In this review, we will discuss the environmental and pharmacological factors, as well as the contribution of genetic polymorphisms, involved in the regulation of neuronal morphology and plasticity in MDD and preclinical stress models. In particular, we will highlight the pro-depressive changes incurred by stress and the reversal of these changes by antidepressants, exercise, and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie T Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508, USA
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Moylan S, Maes M, Wray NR, Berk M. The neuroprogressive nature of major depressive disorder: pathways to disease evolution and resistance, and therapeutic implications. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:595-606. [PMID: 22525486 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In some patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), individual illness characteristics appear consistent with those of a neuroprogressive illness. Features of neuroprogression include poorer symptomatic, treatment and functional outcomes in patients with earlier disease onset and increased number and length of depressive episodes. In such patients, longer and more frequent depressive episodes appear to increase vulnerability for further episodes, precipitating an accelerating and progressive illness course leading to functional decline. Evidence from clinical, biochemical and neuroimaging studies appear to support this model and are informing novel therapeutic approaches. This paper reviews current knowledge of the neuroprogressive processes that may occur in MDD, including structural brain consequences and potential molecular mechanisms including the role of neurotransmitter systems, inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, neurotrophins and regulation of neurogenesis, cortisol and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis modulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic and dietary influences. Evidence-based novel treatments informed by this knowledge are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moylan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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Wibrand K, Berge K, Messaoudi M, Duffaud A, Panja D, Bramham CR, Burri L. Enhanced cognitive function and antidepressant-like effects after krill oil supplementation in rats. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:6. [PMID: 23351783 PMCID: PMC3618203 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of krill oil (KO) on cognition and depression-like behaviour in rats. Methods Cognition was assessed using the Aversive Light Stimulus Avoidance Test (ALSAT). The Unavoidable Aversive Light Stimulus (UALST) and the Forced Swimming Test (FST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of KO. Imipramine (IMIP) was used as the antidepressant reference substance. Results After 7 weeks of KO intake, both males and females treated with KO were significantly better in discriminating between the active and the inactive levers in the ALSAT from day 1 of training (p<0.01). Both KO and IMIP prevented resignation/depression on the third day in the UALST. Similarly, a shorter immobility time was observed for the KO and IMIP groups compared to the control in the FST (p<0.001). These data support a robust antidepressant-like potential and beneficial cognitive effect of KO. Changes in expression of synaptic plasticity-related genes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were also investigated. mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) was specifically upregulated in the hippocampus of female rats receiving 7 weeks of KO supplementation (p=0.04) and a similar trend was observed in males (p=0.08). Males also exhibited an increase in prefrontal cortex expression of Arc mRNA, a key protein in long-term synaptic plasticity (p=0.05). IMIP induced clear effects on several plasticity related genes including Bdnf and Arc. Conclusions These results indicate that active components (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and astaxanthin) in KO facilitate learning processes and provide antidepressant-like effects. Our findings also suggest that KO might work through different physiological mechanisms than IMIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wibrand
- Department of Biomedicine and KG Jebsen Centre for Research onNeuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, BergenNO-5009, Norway
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Omega-3 fatty acid treatment, with or without cytidine, fails to show therapeutic properties in bipolar disorder: a double-blind, randomized add-on clinical trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012; 32:699-703. [PMID: 22926607 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e318266854c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA), given as fish oil capsules, with and without oral cytidine (CYT), a pyrimidine with reported preclinical and clinical antidepressant-like effects, in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS A total of 45 outpatients with diagnosed BD (type I) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition - Text Revision, were recruited for this 4-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on study. Treatment groups were (1) oral CYT + O3FA, (2) placebo + O3FA, and (3) placebo + placebo control. O3FA was given 2 g twice a day and CYT was administered as 1 g twice a day. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in the primary outcome: study retention. Clinical measures improved in all treatment groups, and there were no significant differences between groups, including change in probability of symptoms of depression or mania, change in positive ratings of depression or mania, or change in Global Assessment of Functioning scores. Neither CYT + O3FA nor placebo + O3FA treatment was superior to placebo treatment. Rather, there was a statistically nonsignificant trend for both groups treated with O3FA to do worse than the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Despite preclinical studies suggesting that the effect of O3FA might be augmented with pyrimidines, add-on CYT did not substantially improve mood symptoms in BD. In addition, although a power analysis indicated that the sample size would be adequate to see beneficial effects similar to those previously reported, O3FA treatment by itself was not superior to placebo for BD.
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da Silva Acosta D, Kneip FC, Alves de Almeida E, Ventura-Lima J, Monserrat JM, Geracitano LA. Fullerene and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on fish brain antioxidant status. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1477-1485. [PMID: 22451341 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nanomaterial fullerene (C(60)) can act as anti or pro-oxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in cell suspensions of carp brains (Cyprinus carpio, Cyprinidae), the effect of C(60) after a pre-treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) such as omega-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and omega-6 (linoleic acid, LA). Assays consisted of a pre-treatment with PUFA (48 h) and then exposure to C(60) (2 h). Cell viability and total anti-oxidant capacity did not differ (p > 0.05). A reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration in fish brain cells pre-exposed with PUFA groups and then exposed or not with C(60). An antioxidant effect of C(60) was evident since in control group (cells not pre-exposed to PUFA), a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of intracellular ROS concentration was observed, although this reduction was not enough to reduce the TBARS levels. Cysteine levels presented a reduction (p < 0.05) in all groups exposed to C(60). For glutathione (GSH), an increase (p < 0.05) was registered in cells exposed to C(60) without PUFAs pre-treatment and in the C(60) group pre-treated with DHA. Overall C(60) appears to play an antioxidant role that is modulated by PUFA, taking into account its effects on intracellular ROS concentration and MDA levels. Results also suggest that C(60) influences GSH synthesis, as showed for the augmented levels of this antioxidant and also for the lowering of the intracellular cysteine concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane da Silva Acosta
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Moranis A, Delpech JC, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Aubert A, Guesnet P, Lavialle M, Joffre C, Layé S. Long term adequate n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet protects from depressive-like behavior but not from working memory disruption and brain cytokine expression in aged mice. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:721-31. [PMID: 22085587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging epidemiological studies suggest that dietary essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of mood and cognitive disorders linked to aging. The question arises as to whether the decreased prevalence of these symptoms in the elderly with high n-3 PUFA consumption is also associated with improved central inflammation, i.e. cytokine activation, in the brain. To answer this, we measured memory performance and emotional behavior as well as cytokine synthesis and PUFA level in the spleen and the cortex of adult and aged mice submitted to a diet with an adequate supply of n-3 PUFA in form of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA) or a n-3 deficient diet. Our results show that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the main n-3 PUFA in the brain, was higher in the spleen and cortex of n-3 adequate mice relative to n-3 deficient mice and this difference was maintained throughout life. Interestingly, high level of brain DHA was associated with a decrease in depressive-like symptoms throughout aging. On the opposite, spatial memory was maintained in adult but not in aged n-3 adequate mice relative to n-3 deficient mice. Furthermore, increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreased IL-10 expression were found in the cortex of aged mice independently of the diets. All together, our results suggest that n-3 PUFA dietary supply in the form of α-LNA is sufficient to protect from deficits in emotional behavior but not from memory disruption and brain proinflammatory cytokine expression linked to age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Moranis
- Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, INRA 1286, 33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France
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Su KP. Inflammation in psychopathology of depression: Clinical, biological, and therapeutic implications. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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