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Myroniuk S, Reitsema AM, de Jonge P, Jeronimus BF. Childhood abuse and neglect and profiles of adult emotion dynamics. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38196323 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is experienced by ∼40% of all children at major personal and societal costs. The divergent associations between emotional, physical, and sexual abuse or neglect in childhood and differences in adult emotional functioning and regulation were examined in terms of daily emotion intensity, variability, instability, inertia, and diversity, reported over 30 days by 290 Dutch aged 19-73. Participants described their abuse/neglect experiences retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Dissecting CM effects on adult emotion dynamics may inform theories on the ontogenesis and functioning of emotions, on effects of abuse and neglect, to better understand (dys)functional emotional development, and to prevent their adverse sequelae. Structural equation models (SEM) showed that most types of CM were associated with specific patterns of emotion dynamics, and only emotional abuse had no unique effects on the emotional dynamic indices. Emotional neglect was associated with most measures of emotion dynamics (i.e., less intense, variable, unstable, and diverse emotions). Sexual abuse associated with increases and physical neglect decreases in negative affect variability and instability. Physical abuse was associated with inertia but with a small effect size. Social contact frequency did not mediate much of the relationship between CM types and emotion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Myroniuk
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Reitsema
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P de Jonge
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B F Jeronimus
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Koschig M, Conrad I, Berger K, Baune BT, Grabe HJ, Gerstorf D, Meinke-Franze C, Völzke H, Mikolajczyk R, Leitzmann M, Fricke J, Keil T, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Perna L, Obi N, Pabst A, Riedel-Heller SG. The mediating role of personality traits in the association between childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in young adulthood. J Affect Disord 2023; 338:373-379. [PMID: 37331380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the Big 5 personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) in the association between early traumatization and depressive symptoms in early adulthood (20-25-year-olds) in a German population-based sample. METHODS A total of 3176 participants from the German National Cohort (NAKO) baseline with an age between 20 and 25 years were included in this investigation. The sum score of the 9-item-version of the Patient Health Questionnaire was used for assessment of depressive symptoms. A structural equation model was built to test the paths between childhood trauma, Big 5 personality traits and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Overall, 10.7 % of the young adult sample had a PHQ-9 sum score of ten or higher. The final mediation model fitted well for young adults. We found evidence for a partial mediating effect of Big 5 personality traits. LIMITATIONS We only adjusted for age, sex, and year of data collection and did not include biological factors in the model. CONCLUSION Young adults with early trauma experiences have a risk for developing depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Personality traits, especially neuroticism, partially mediated the association between early trauma and depressive symptoms for young adults and should be recognized in preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koschig
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ines Conrad
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology & Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Humboldt University Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometry and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle Wittenberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Koch-Gallenkamp
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Perna
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pabst
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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de Bles NJ, Pütz LEH, Rius Ottenheim N, van Hemert AM, Elzinga BM, Penninx BWJH, Giltay EJ. Childhood trauma and anger in adults with and without depressive and anxiety disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:288-301. [PMID: 37430486 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with severe sequelae, including stress-related mental health disorders that can perpetuate long into adulthood. A key mechanism in this relationship seems to be emotion regulation. We aimed to investigate (1) whether childhood trauma is associated with anger in adulthood, and, if so, (2) to explore which types of childhood trauma predominate in the prediction of anger in a cohort that included participants with and without current affective disorders. METHODS In the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), childhood trauma was assessed with a semi-structured Childhood Trauma Interview (CTI) at baseline, and analyzed in relation to anger as measured at a 4-year follow-up with the Spielberger Trait Anger Subscale (STAS), the Anger Attacks Questionnaire, and cluster B personality traits (i.e., borderline, antisocial) of the Personality Disorder Questionnaire 4 (PDQ-4), using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Post hoc analyses comprised cross-sectional regression analyses, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) also obtained at a 4-year follow-up. RESULTS Participants (n = 2271) were on average 42.1 years (SD = 13.1), and 66.2% were female. Childhood trauma showed a dose-response association with all anger constructs. All types of childhood trauma were significantly associated with borderline personality traits, independently of depression and anxiety. Additionally, all types of childhood trauma except for sexual abuse were associated with higher levels of trait anger, and a higher prevalence of anger attacks and antisocial personality traits in adulthood. Cross-sectionally, the effect sizes were larger compared with the analyses with the childhood trauma measured 4 years prior to the anger measures. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma is linked with anger in adulthood, which could be of particular interest in the context of psychopathology. Focus on childhood traumatic experiences and adulthood anger may help to enhance the effectiveness of treatment for patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. Trauma-focused interventions should be implemented when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J de Bles
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L E H Pütz
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N Rius Ottenheim
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Health Campus, The Hague, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Li C, Lv G, Liu B, Ju Y, Wang M, Dong Q, Sun J, Lu X, Zhang L, Wan P, Guo H, Zhao F, Liao M, Zhang Y, Li L, Liu J. Impact of childhood maltreatment on adult resilience. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:637. [PMID: 37648984 PMCID: PMC10470179 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that childhood maltreatment is associated with poor health outcomes. While not everyone who experiences abuse as a child goes on to experience poor mental health, some traumatized people are grown to be more resilient than others. Few studies have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and adult resilience. This study aimed to determine different relationships between specific types and features of childhood maltreatment with adult resilience among Chinese with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS A total of 101 patients with MDD and 116 participants in the healthy control (HC) group from Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital and its nearby communities were included in this analysis. Childhood maltreatment was assessed retrospectively using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Adults' resilience was assessed by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Generalized linear models were applied between childhood maltreatment (specific types and features) and resilience adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The total score of CD-RISC and factor scores of strength, optimism, and tenacity in the HC group were higher than those in the MDD group. CTQ total score had a negative association with optimism score among participants in MDD (β=-0.087, P < 0.001) and HC (β=-0.074, P = 0.023) groups. Higher emotional neglect (EN) score (β=-0.169, P = 0.001) and physical neglect (PN) score (β=-0.153, P = 0.043) were related to a worse optimism score in MDD group. Emotional abuse (EA) score was associated with a worse tenacity score (β=-0.674, P = 0.031) in MDD group. For participants in HC group, higher EN and PN scores were related to worse resilience scores (tenacity, strength, and optimism). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MDD showed lower optimism than HCs. Childhood maltreatment, especially childhood negect, independently contributed to optimism, with more severe childhood maltreatment predictive of worse performance of optimism. EA in childhood was also linked to worse tenacity in adult patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guanyi Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangli Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Affiliated WuTaiShan Hospital of Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou mental health centre, Yangzhou, 225003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Futao Zhao
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, Henan, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Binder PE. Facing the uncertainties of being a person: On the role of existential vulnerability in personal identity. PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2022.2129002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Per-Einar Binder
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Gueta K, Klar-Chalamish C. "The Global Sense of Disaster was Synchronized With my Own Disaster": Implications of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Wellbeing of Survivors of Sexual Violence. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:985-997. [PMID: 35582919 PMCID: PMC9127623 DOI: 10.1177/10497323221089878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study is designed to improve our understanding of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as collective trauma, on the wellbeing of survivors of sexual violence (SV). The data are based on an online qualitative survey about the experiences of 39 survivors and a thematic analysis of ten in-depth interviews with service providers in Israel. The findings reveal that the pandemic and restrictive measures are associated with increased risk for participants' wellbeing, caused directly by pandemic characteristics, as well as indirectly through the denial of access to coping resources. Paradoxically, the pandemic also offers relief, given the widespread restrictions imposed on the entire population and the general crisis atmosphere. The service providers' perspective indicates an increased demand for services as well as for their adjustment. These findings highlight the vulnerability of individuals with a history of SV and the need for accommodation of frontline SV services for health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Gueta
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan
University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Carmit Klar-Chalamish
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan
University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- The Association of Rape Crisis Centers
in Israel Tel-Aviv
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7
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Pan Y, Lin X, Liu J, Zhang S, Zeng X, Chen F, Wu J. Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Women Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A Worldwide Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:1181-1191. [PMID: 32207395 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020912867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a common form of childhood maltreatment. Several studies have shown that CSA adversely affects the physical and mental health. Numerous studies have evaluated the prevalence of CSA among females using various instruments. In this meta-analysis, we estimated the rate of CSA among women using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for the first time. Four databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) were systematically searched for studies published as of April 2, 2018. Forty-eight articles (53 groups of samples) covering 22,224 individuals, including women, from 16 countries were selected. Using the random-effects model, the pooled overall rate of CSA was 24% (95% confidence interval [21%, 27%]). On subgroup analyses, the rate of female CSA in people with mental illness was higher than that in the general group; this result showed variability among different geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Pan
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * Authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiujin Lin
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- * Authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of Mental Health, Shenzhen University, China
- * Authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fenglan Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junduan Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Musetti A, Starcevic V, Boursier V, Corsano P, Billieux J, Schimmenti A. Childhood emotional abuse and problematic social networking sites use in a sample of Italian adolescents: The mediating role of deficiencies in self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning. J Clin Psychol 2021; 77:1666-1684. [PMID: 33837547 PMCID: PMC8252635 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is associated with various negative mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between CEA and problematic social networking site (SNS) use in a sample of Italian adolescents. DESIGN Using structural equation modeling, the study examined whether the relationship between CEA and problematic SNS use was sequentially mediated by self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning in 1308 Italian adolescents (628 males, age range 13-19 years). RESULTS A history of CEA was positively associated with problematic SNS use. Furthermore, deficiencies in self-other differentiation and uncertain reflective functioning partially mediated the relationship between CEA and problematic SNS use. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides additional insight into the psychological dynamics underpinning problematic SNS use among adolescents. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musetti
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural IndustriesUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Vladan Starcevic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Nepean Clinical School, Discipline of PsychiatryUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Paola Corsano
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural IndustriesUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Joël Billieux
- Institute of PsychologyUniversity of Lausanne, GeopolisLausanneSwitzerland
- Centre for Excessive GamblingLausanne University Hospitals (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Adriano Schimmenti
- Faculty of Human and Social SciencesUKE—Kore University of Enna, Cittadella UniversitariaEnnaItaly
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Tsur N, Abu-Raiya H. COVID-19-related fear and stress among individuals who experienced child abuse: The mediating effect of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 110:104694. [PMID: 32900515 PMCID: PMC7430290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic exposes individuals not only to health-related risks, but also to psychosocial fear and acute stress. Previous studies reveal that individuals who experienced child abuse (CA), especially those who suffer from complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), are at a higher risk of reacting with fear and stress when faced with stressful life-events. OBJECTIVE To test whether exposure to CA is implicated in a higher risk of COVID-19-related fear and acute stress, and whether CPTSD intervenes in such processes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS A convenience sample of 837 adults participated in the study during the first peak of COVID-19 in Israel. METHODS Participants completed self-report questionnaires, assessing child physical, sexual and emotional abuse, CPTSD (ITQ), COVID-19-related acute stress disorder (COVID-19 ASD; ASDS) and fear of COVID-19. RESULTS Bivariate analyses showed that participants who experienced CA were higher than participants who did not experience CA in COVID-19 ASD (p = .032), but not in fear of COVID-19 (p = .65). Mediation analyses demonstrated two significant paths: in the first, CA was associated with elevated fear of COVID-19 (effect = .061, .059; p < 0.05) and COVID-19 ASD (effect = .14, .084; p < 0.05) through the mediation of CPTSD; in the second path, when controlling for the mediation of CPTSD, CA was associated with reduced fear of COVID-19 (effect = -.15; p = 0.001), and COVID-19 ASD (effect = -.12; p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal a complex pattern, indicating that CPTSD may be a risk factor for elevated levels of COVID-19 distress among individuals who experienced CA. However, some CA survivors may express reduced COVID-19 distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Tsur
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Hisham Abu-Raiya
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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10
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Nishimi K, Choi KW, Davis KA, Powers A, Bradley B, Dunn EC. Features of Childhood Maltreatment and Resilience Capacity in Adulthood: Results from a Large Community-Based Sample. J Trauma Stress 2020; 33:665-676. [PMID: 32537815 PMCID: PMC7828462 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is consistently associated with poor outcomes. However, few epidemiological studies have examined the association between childhood maltreatment and adult resilience capacity, defined as one's perceived ability to cope successfully with challenges. This study aimed to determine associations between adult resilience capacity and specific types and features of childhood maltreatment. Participants were African American adults recruited from a public urban hospital in Atlanta, GA (N = 1,962) between 2005 and 2013. Childhood maltreatment, including witnessing domestic violence or physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, was assessed retrospectively using the Traumatic Events Inventory. Perceived resilience capacity was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Linear regressions were performed assessing the association between resilience capacity and childhood maltreatment exposure in general, as well as specific dimensions of exposure, including type, co-occurrence, and developmental timing, adjusting for covariates. Participants exposed to any maltreatment reported lower resilience capacity than unexposed peers, B = -0.38, SE = 0.04, p < .001. All maltreatment types were negatively associated with resilience capacity, even after adjusting for other lifetime trauma exposure. Only emotional abuse remained significantly associated with resilience capacity after accounting for current psychological distress, B = -0.11, SE = 0.05, p = .022. Maltreatment co-occurrence followed an inverse dose-response relationship with resilience capacity: For each additional maltreatment type, scores decreased by 0.18 units (SD = 0.02), p < .001. Finally, the developmental timing of maltreatment did not reveal any differential influences on resilience capacity. The results suggest that childhood emotional abuse and co-occurrence of maltreatment types may be particularly deleterious to adult resilience capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nishimi
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Karmel W. Choi
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kathryn A. Davis
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Erin C. Dunn
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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11
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YAŞAR AB, SAYMAN C, ERDOĞAN TAYCAN S, ÇETİNKAYA Y, GÜNDÜZ A, TİRELİ H. The association between temperament features and childhood traumas in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1314-1322. [PMID: 32512675 PMCID: PMC7491261 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1912-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological problem that impairs daily activities, functionality, and quality of life. Childhood traumas (CTs) are known to be critical factors in the onset or development of many psychiatric and medical disorders. They also play a critical role in the development of temperament and personality. This study aimed to investigate the association between CTs and common temperament patterns and features seen in epilepsy patients. Materials and methods The study included 38 patients who were diagnosed with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and volunteered to participate in the study. In addition to the sociodemographic form and questions on disease features, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Questionnaire (TEMPS-A), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to all participants. In the present study, a cut-off value of 35 was used for the CTQ scale. The patients with CTQ scores lower than 35 (50%, n = 19, Group 1) and the patients with CTQ scores above 35 (50%, n = 19, Group 2) were compared. Results The comparison of TEMPS-A and its subscale scores in the JME patients in the groups with CTQ scores above or below a cut-off value detected significant differences between the groups in depressive and irritable temperament scores. The mean BDI scores were also different between the two groups. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was detected between the disease duration, anxiety, and depression scores in the JME patients. A significant relationship was detected between the emotional neglect subscale score of the JME patients and the BDI scores. A significant positive correlation was found between the total disease duration, BDI, and BAI. Significant moderate-level relationships were found between the BDI score and irritable, depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperaments and between the BAI score and irritable, depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperaments. Conclusion Several temperamental features of JME patients are related to CTs. More depressive symptoms are seen in JME patients with higher disease durations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceyhun SAYMAN
- Department of Norology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Serap ERDOĞAN TAYCAN
- Department of Psychiatry, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Yılmaz ÇETİNKAYA
- Department of Norology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Anıl GÜNDÜZ
- Department of Clinical Psychology, İstanbul Kent University, İstanbulTurkey
| | - Hülya TİRELİ
- Department of Norology, Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbulTurkey
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12
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de Araújo R, Lara D. More than words: The association of childhood emotional abuse and suicidal behavior. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 37:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundAll types of abuse and neglect have been associated with suicide attempts. However, the association between the level of each type of childhood trauma and suicidal behavior severity (including the progression from ideation to attempts), adjusting for their co-occurrence, is not yet clear.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional web-based survey collected from the Brazilian Internet Study on Temperament and Psychopathology (BRAINSTEP) to investigate the isolated effects of each type of childhood trauma on suicidal behavior severity. The sample consisted of 71,429 self-selected volunteers assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the following key question: “Have you ever thought about or attempted to kill yourself?” (Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire, SBQ-17).ResultsAfter adjusting for demographic variables, and childhood trauma subtypes, severe emotional abuse (EA) was associated with suicidal ideation and attempts, mainly for serious suicide attempts (OR, 22.71; 95% CI, 2.32–222.05). We found associations of smaller magnitude for severe emotional neglect (EN) with serious suicide attempts, and for severe physical neglect (PN) and sexual abuse (SA) with attempts without really meaning to die. No meaningful trend for physical abuse (PA) was found. Using as reference group ideators, EA was associated with serious suicide attempts, with a peak at the 95th percentile (OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 2.04–9.41). We found associations of smaller magnitude for PN and SA, and no meaningful trend for EN and PA.ConclusionsSuicidal behavior was strongly associated with emotional abuse in childhood, even when compared with ideators, suggesting that it is a relevant factor for the progression from ideation to attempts.
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CARVALHO HUDSONWDE, COGO-MOREIRA HUGO, JANSEN KAREN, SOUZA LUCIANO, BRANCO JERÔNIMO, SILVA RICARDO, LARA DIOGOR. The latent structure and reliability of the emotional trait section of the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament Scale (AFECTS). ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - DIOGO R. LARA
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Dragan WŁ, Jednoróg K, Marchewka A. Sex-Specific Relationship of Childhood Adversity With Gray Matter Volume and Temperament. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:71. [PMID: 31031605 PMCID: PMC6473035 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, many studies have attempted to show a relationship between potentially harmful experiences in childhood and gray matter volume (GMV) in specific brain areas. These studies managed to identify several affected regions, yet most of them neglected the influence of sex or the occurrence of mental health problems. Furthermore, little is known about mechanisms linking childhood adversity (CA) and temperamental traits as plausible endophenotypes of psychopathology. Objective: The present study addresses these two issues by trying to identify sex-specific relationships between CA and brain volumes as well as to show the role of the latter in predicting temperament scores. Method: Forty-eight people (23 women) without anxiety or affective disorders participated in this study. CA was measured using the Childhood Questionnaire (CQ) and temperament was measured with the use of the behavioral inhibition system-behavioral activation system (BIS-BAS) Scales. Whole-brain MR imaging was performed to identify GMV differences. Results: In women, we identified negative relationships between CA and GMV in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), right cerebellum, and right precentral gyrus. In men, we found a negative correlation between CA and GMV in the right fusiform gyrus. We also identified sex-specific relationships between CA and temperament traits. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest a sex-specific pattern in the relationship between early adverse experiences and brain structure. The results can also help explain the role that temperament plays in the relationship between CA and the risk of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Łukasz Dragan
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Behavior Genetic Research, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jednoróg
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Marchewka
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Scrimin S, Osler G, Pozzoli T, Moscardino U. Early adversities, family support, and child well-being: The moderating role of environmental sensitivity. Child Care Health Dev 2018; 44:885-891. [PMID: 30051489 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Scrimin
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriele Osler
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pozzoli
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ughetta Moscardino
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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16
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Höltge J, McGee SL, Maercker A, Thoma MV. Childhood Adversities and Thriving Skills: Sample Case of Older Swiss Former Indentured Child Laborers. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 26:886-895. [PMID: 29706586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study of life-long consequences of severe childhood adversities or trauma has recently received much attention. However, little is known about the subjective coping success and development of positively evaluated resources that may originate within these adverse experiences and may be conceptualized as thriving. This study set out to examine the relationship between thriving in response to early adversity and successful aging with a sample of former indentured child laborers in Switzerland (Verdingkinder). METHODS Participants were screened according to subjective and objective health-related attributes, and those who were evaluated to be "successful agers" were included. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 former Verdingkinder (mean age: 71 years) that lasted 60-120 minutes. The interviews were analyzed using the paradigm model of the Grounded Theory. RESULTS In the interviews adverse experiences and negative consequences were reported. However, where thriving was triggered in response to these experiences, the factors identified as "lightheartedness," "social purpose," and "self-enhancement" were associated with successful aging. Factors including motivation, reflection, personality traits, social support, individual coping strategies, turning points, and processing were reported as central to thriving. CONCLUSION The identified factors show similarities with established predictors of health and well-being. Thus, under certain circumstances early and prolonged adverse experiences can also provide the opportunity to develop positive resources for successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Höltge
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Shauna L McGee
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam V Thoma
- Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kim MJ, Scult MA, Knodt AR, Radtke SR, d'Arbeloff TC, Brigidi BD, Hariri AR. A Link Between Childhood Adversity and Trait Anger Reflects Relative Activity of the Amygdala and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:644-649. [PMID: 29680475 PMCID: PMC6062443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trait anger, or the dispositional tendency to experience a wide range of situations as annoying or frustrating, is associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes. The experience of adversity during childhood is one risk factor for the later emergence of high trait anger. This association has been hypothesized to reflect alterations in neural circuits supporting bottom-up threat processing and top-down executive control. METHODS Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging and self-report questionnaire data from 220 volunteers, we examined how individual differences in top-down prefrontal executive control and bottom-up amygdala threat activity modulate the association between childhood adversity and trait anger during young adulthood. RESULTS We report that the association between childhood adversity and trait anger is attenuated specifically in young adults who have both relatively low threat-related amygdala activity and high executive control-related dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity. CONCLUSIONS These brain activity patterns suggest that simultaneous consideration of their underlying cognitive processes-namely, threat processing and executive control-may be useful in strategies designed to mitigate the negative mental health consequences of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Justin Kim
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Matthew A Scult
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Annchen R Knodt
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Spenser R Radtke
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tracy C d'Arbeloff
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bartholomew D Brigidi
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Kircaburun K, Demetrovics Z, Király O, Griffiths MD. Childhood Emotional Trauma and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Emerging Adults: A Multiple Mediation Model of the Role of Problematic Social Media Use and Psychopathology. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-9941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Screaming Body and Silent Healthcare Providers: A Case Study with a Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010094. [PMID: 29316709 PMCID: PMC5800193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stressful early life experiences cause immune dysregulation across the lifespan. Despite the fact that studies have identified childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors as a particularly vulnerable group, only a few attempts have been made to study their lived-experience of the physical health consequences of CSA. The aim of this study was to explore a female CSA survivor’s lived-experience of the physical health consequences of CSA and how she experienced the reactions of healthcare providers. Seven interviews were conducted with this 40-year-old woman, Anne, using a phenomenological research approach. Anne was still a young child (two to three years old) when her father started to rape her. Since her childhood, she has experienced complex and widespread physical health consequences such as repeated vaginal and abdominal infections, widespread and chronic pain, sleeping problems, digestive problems, chronic back problems, fibromyalgia, musculoskeletal problems, repeated urinary tract infections, cervical dysplasia, inflammation of the Fallopian tubes, menorrhagia, endometrial hyperplasia, chlamydia, ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancies, uterus problems, severe adhesions, and ovarian cancer. Anne disclosed her CSA experience to several healthcare providers but they were silent and failed to provide trauma-informed care. Anne’s situation, albeit unique, might reflect similar problems in other female CSA survivors.
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20
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Berenz EC, Vujanovic AA, Rappaport L, Kevorkian S, Gonzalez RE, Chowdhury N, Dutcher CD, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. Childhood trauma and distress tolerance in a trauma-exposed acute-care psychiatric inpatient sample. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY 2017; 10:368-375. [PMID: 28758771 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Distress tolerance (DT; the perceived or actual ability to withstand negative internal states) has emerged as a promising transdiagnostic risk factor in clinically severe populations. However, little is known about etiological factors associated with the development of DT. We hypothesized that greater levels of childhood trauma would be associated with lower perceived and behavioral DT, beyond theoretically relevant covariates. METHOD The current investigation evaluated several childhood trauma types (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect) in relation to perceived (i.e., self-report) and behavioral DT in a sample of 87 trauma-exposed adults in acute-care psychiatric inpatient treatment. RESULTS Results of hierarchical linear regression models indicated that greater childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect were significantly associated with higher perceived DT. Greater levels of emotional abuse were associated with lower perceived DT, and greater physical neglect was associated with lower behavioral DT. CONCLUSIONS DT may be differentially influenced by different forms of childhood trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record
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21
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Tang LN, Ye XZ, Yan QG, Chang HJ, Ma YQ, Liu DB, Li ZG, Yu YZ. Factors associated with trait anger level of juvenile offenders in Hubei province: A binary logistic regression analysis. JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. MEDICAL SCIENCES = HUA ZHONG KE JI DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE YING DE WEN BAN = HUAZHONG KEJI DAXUE XUEBAO. YIXUE YINGDEWEN BAN 2017; 37:20-24. [PMID: 28224435 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The risk factors of high trait anger of juvenile offenders were explored through questionnaire study in a youth correctional facility of Hubei province, China. A total of 1090 juvenile offenders in Hubei province were investigated by self-compiled social-demographic questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-II (STAXI-II). The risk factors were analyzed by chi-square tests, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression analysis with SPSS 19.0. A total of 1082 copies of valid questionnaires were collected. High trait anger group (n=316) was defined as those who scored in the upper 27th percentile of STAXI-II trait anger scale (TAS), and the rest were defined as low trait anger group (n=766). The risk factors associated with high level of trait anger included: childhood emotional abuse, childhood sexual abuse, step family, frequent drug abuse, and frequent internet using (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Birth sequence, number of sibling, ranking in the family, identity of the main care-taker, the education level of care-taker, educational style of care-taker, family income, relationship between parents, social atmosphere of local area, frequent drinking, and frequent smoking did not predict to high level of trait anger (P>0.05). It was suggested that traumatic experience in childhood and unhealthy life style may significantly increase the level of trait anger in adulthood. The risk factors of high trait anger and their effects should be taken into consideration seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Tang
- Department of Child and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Ye
- Department of Child and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiu-Ge Yan
- Department of Child and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Juan Chang
- Department of Child and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Qiao Ma
- Department of Child and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - De-Bin Liu
- Youth Correctional Facilities of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430119, China
| | - Zhi-Gen Li
- Youth Correctional Facilities of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430119, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Yu
- Department of Child and Maternal Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Minimization of Childhood Maltreatment Is Common and Consequential: Results from a Large, Multinational Sample Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146058. [PMID: 26815788 PMCID: PMC4729672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment has diverse, lifelong impact on morbidity and mortality. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is one of the most commonly used scales to assess and quantify these experiences and their impact. Curiously, despite very widespread use of the CTQ, scores on its Minimization-Denial (MD) subscale—originally designed to assess a positive response bias—are rarely reported. Hence, little is known about this measure. If response biases are either common or consequential, current practices of ignoring the MD scale deserve revision. Therewith, we designed a study to investigate 3 aspects of minimization, as defined by the CTQ’s MD scale: 1) its prevalence; 2) its latent structure; and finally 3) whether minimization moderates the CTQ’s discriminative validity in terms of distinguishing between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Archival, item-level CTQ data from 24 multinational samples were combined for a total of 19,652 participants. Analyses indicated: 1) minimization is common; 2) minimization functions as a continuous construct; and 3) high MD scores attenuate the ability of the CTQ to distinguish between psychiatric patients and community volunteers. Overall, results suggest that a minimizing response bias—as detected by the MD subscale—has a small but significant moderating effect on the CTQ’s discriminative validity. Results also may suggest that some prior analyses of maltreatment rates or the effects of early maltreatment that have used the CTQ may have underestimated its incidence and impact. We caution researchers and clinicians about the widespread practice of using the CTQ without the MD or collecting MD data but failing to assess and control for its effects on outcomes or dependent variables.
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Dorahy MJ, Middleton W, Seager L, Williams M, Chambers R. Child abuse and neglect in complex dissociative disorder, abuse-related chronic PTSD, and mixed psychiatric samples. J Trauma Dissociation 2016; 17:223-36. [PMID: 26275087 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2015.1077916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Only a select number of studies have examined different forms of child maltreatment in complex dissociative disorders (DDs) in comparison to other groups. Few of these have used child abuse-related chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) and mixed psychiatric (MP) patients with maltreatment as comparison groups. This study examined child sexual, physical, and emotional abuse as well as physical and emotional neglect in DD (n = 39), C-PTSD (n = 13), and MP (n = 21) samples, all with abuse and neglect histories. The predictive capacity of these different forms of maltreatment across the 3 groups was assessed for pathological dissociation, shame, guilt, relationship esteem, relationship anxiety, relationship depression, and fear of relationships. All forms of maltreatment differentiated the DD from the MP group, and sexual abuse differentiated the DD sample from the C-PTSD group. Childhood sexual abuse was the only predictor of pathological dissociation. Emotional abuse predicted shame, guilt, relationship anxiety, and fear of relationships. Emotional neglect predicted relationship anxiety and relationship depression. Physical neglect was associated with less relationship anxiety. Different forms of abuse and neglect are associated with different symptom clusters in psychiatric patients with maltreatment histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Dorahy
- a Department of Psychology , University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand.,b The Cannan Institute , Belmont Private Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Warwick Middleton
- a Department of Psychology , University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand.,b The Cannan Institute , Belmont Private Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Lenaire Seager
- b The Cannan Institute , Belmont Private Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Mary Williams
- b The Cannan Institute , Belmont Private Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Ron Chambers
- c Anxiety Disorders Service , Canterbury District Health Board , Christchurch , New Zealand
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Early life trauma is associated with decreased peripheral levels of thyroid‐hormone T3 in adolescents. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 47:304-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Egry EY, Apostólico MR, Albuquerque LM, Gessner R, Fonseca RMGSD. [Understanding child neglect in a gender context: a study performed in a Brazilian city]. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2015; 49:556-63. [PMID: 26353091 DOI: 10.1590/s0080-623420150000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the phenomenon of child neglect and understand it in a gender context. METHOD Retrospective, quantitative, and exploratory study that analyzed reports of violence by a child and adolescent protection network in a Brazilian city. The theoretical and methodological basis applied was TIPESC (Theory of Nursing Praxical Intervention in Collective Health), with a gender emphasis. RESULTS Neglect of children under the age of ten represents more than half the reports received over all the years studied; more boys than girls suffered neglect and 41.4% of the reports of neglect involved children under than age of three; women were identified as being solely responsible in 67.9%, and as accessories in 17.3% of the incidents reported. CONCLUSION Child neglect is a complex matter, the gender subordinate status inflicted on these children and their mothers who are responsible for their care underscore the social vulnerability of this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Yoshikawa Egry
- Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Maíra Rosa Apostólico
- Departamento de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Leda Maria Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rafaela Gessner
- Programa Interunidades de Doutoramento em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, BR
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The relationship between temperament and sexual orientation. J Affect Disord 2015; 175:379-84. [PMID: 25678170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between temperament and sexual orientation has been poorly characterized. We have used the Affective and Emotional Composite Temperament (AFECT) model to evaluate this association in a large population sample. METHODS Data from 16,571 subjects between 21 and 45 years old (mean age=29.1±6.3 yrs, 69.4% females) was collected anonymously through Internet in Brazil. RESULTS Regarding affective temperaments, male cyclothymics and dysphorics had the lowest percentage of people with heterosexual orientation and the highest percentages of people with bisexual and homosexual orientations. The opposite profile was observed in hyperthymic and euthymic types. Among females, the volatile, cyclothymic, apathetic, disinhibited and euphoric types were less often observed in people with "pure" heterosexual orientation and more often in people with bisexual orientation. In men only, homosexuality was more common among the depressive, cyclothymic and dyphorics temperaments. Emotional trait analysis showed that heterosexual subjects differed statistically from all other groups by having higher scores of coping and stability and lower scores of sensitivity and desire. Overall, the effect sizes were small to moderate, with the largest differences between "pure" heterosexuals and people with bisexual orientation, particularly in women. Subjects with heterosexual orientation who have had homosexual experience and those with homosexual orientation presented intermediate scores. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design, lack of potentially important covariates (e.g., maltreatment) and data collected by Internet only. CONCLUSION Externalized and unstable traits were associated mainly with bisexuality. The group of heterosexuals with homosexual fantasies or experiences offers a new approach for the study of sexual orientation.
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