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Muñoz-Ortega S, Santamaría-Guayaquil D, Pluas-Borja J, Alvarado-Villa G, Sandoval V, Alvarado R, Cherrez-Ojeda I, Faytong-Haro M. Mental Health in Healthcare Workers Post-COVID-19: A Latin American Review and Insights into Personalized Management Strategies. J Pers Med 2024; 14:680. [PMID: 39063934 PMCID: PMC11278025 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of enduring mental health on healthcare workers has become increasingly evident. This review focuses on post-pandemic mental health challenges faced by healthcare personnel in Latin America. This highlights the persistent burden on healthcare workers, especially women, which is exacerbated by economic disparities, inadequacies in the healthcare system, and ongoing occupational stressors. Our literature review, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, scrutinized the mental health status of healthcare professionals in the region after the pandemic's peak. The analysis indicated sustained levels of psychological distress, with frontline workers and women continuing to be affected disproportionately. These findings emphasize the urgent need for personalized interventions to effectively address the complex mental health challenges in this context. This review advocates strategic interventions, including tailored psychological support, innovative diagnostics, and technological solutions, integrated into patient-centered care models. Such approaches aim to enhance the mental resilience and overall well-being of healthcare professionals across Latin America in the post-COVID era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Muñoz-Ortega
- School of Health, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Samborondón 092301, Guayas, Ecuador; (S.M.-O.); (D.S.-G.); (J.P.-B.); (G.A.-V.); (I.C.-O.)
| | - Daniela Santamaría-Guayaquil
- School of Health, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Samborondón 092301, Guayas, Ecuador; (S.M.-O.); (D.S.-G.); (J.P.-B.); (G.A.-V.); (I.C.-O.)
| | - Jade Pluas-Borja
- School of Health, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Samborondón 092301, Guayas, Ecuador; (S.M.-O.); (D.S.-G.); (J.P.-B.); (G.A.-V.); (I.C.-O.)
| | - Geovanny Alvarado-Villa
- School of Health, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Samborondón 092301, Guayas, Ecuador; (S.M.-O.); (D.S.-G.); (J.P.-B.); (G.A.-V.); (I.C.-O.)
| | - Verónica Sandoval
- Research Center, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Guayas, Ecuador;
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362735, Chile;
| | - Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda
- School of Health, Universidad Espíritu Santo-Ecuador, Samborondón 092301, Guayas, Ecuador; (S.M.-O.); (D.S.-G.); (J.P.-B.); (G.A.-V.); (I.C.-O.)
- Research Department, Ecuadorian Development Research Lab, Daule 090656, Guayas, Ecuador
- Research Department, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil 090512, Guayas, Ecuador
| | - Marco Faytong-Haro
- Research Center, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Guayas, Ecuador;
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Qureshi N, Huilgol SS, Timmins G, Meredith LS, Gidengil CA. Misaligned Supports: Differences in Reported Health Care Worker Well-being Supports Provided and Needed During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241255764. [PMID: 38907369 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241255764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the well-being supports provided to health care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in health centers and hospitals. DESIGN Cross-sectional qualitative interviews before and after implementation of a peer-based support intervention. SETTING Purposively sampled hospitals and health centers across the US. PARTICIPANTS 28 site leaders and 56 HCWs sampled from 16 hospitals and 12 health centers. METHOD Site leaders and HCWs were asked to describe supports available to HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic and content coding and analysis of interview responses were conducted using Dedoose. RESULTS Both site leaders and HCWs identified a range of support resources available. Communication resources were the most frequently cited in both groups. Health care workers reported bi-directional communication, while one-way communication was emphasized by site leaders. Hospitals highlighted counseling support, particularly Employee Assistance Programs (EAP), while health centers prioritized community support. Wellness activities were more prevalent in hospital settings, while health centers offered specific workplace-provided training for HCWs. Health care workers encountered barriers when accessing support, including limited time, fear of stigma, and disruptions to their existing support networks attributable to the pandemic. CONCLUSION While there are resources for HCWs, the available supports may not align with their needs and barriers to access may limit the effectiveness of these supports. Continued engagement between leaders and HCWs could help better align resources with needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Qureshi
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica,CA, USA
| | | | - George Timmins
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Pardee RAND Graduate School, Santa Monica,CA, USA
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Ruzycki S, Adisesh A, Burstyn I, Durand-Moreau Q, Labreche F, Zadunayski T, Cherry N. Availability, use, and impact of workplace mental health supports during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Canadian cohort of healthcare workers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2024; 79:57-66. [PMID: 38804906 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2024.2350956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the availability and use of workplace mental health (MH) supports during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Canadian cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) and measured anxiety and depression by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) completed at four contacts 2020-2022. Reports were available for 4400 HCW working with patients. Half the HCWs had a clinically significant HADS score at one or more contacts Access to MH supports increased during the pandemic, with 94% reporting access to some workplace support by 2022: 47% had made use of at least one support. 25% of those with high HADS scores used no support. Older women and men with depressive conditions were less likely to report use. Reported use of an Employee Assistance Program was associated with a reduction in HADS scores in the following months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Ruzycki
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Anil Adisesh
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Igor Burstyn
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - France Labreche
- Research Department, Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tanis Zadunayski
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nicola Cherry
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Konstantinou P, Theofanous V, Karekla M, Kassianos AP. Mapping the needs of healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients using the socio-ecological framework: a rapid scoping review. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2024; 22:29. [PMID: 38773594 PMCID: PMC11110340 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-024-00919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) was negatively affected because of caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, literature is limited on mapping the challenges and needs of HCWs during COVID-19 pandemic. A widely used framework in public health for mapping evidence includes the socio-ecological models, suggesting behavior can be influenced by individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community factors. The aim of this rapid scoping review was to use the socio-ecological model to map and compile lessons learnt from the literature regarding primarily the challenges and needs and secondly available psychological interventions for HCWs caring for COVID-19 patients. PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched, with 21 studies finally included examining challenges and needs of HCWs and 18 studies presenting psychological interventions. Organizational-level challenges and needs such as inadequate staff preparation and supplies of protective equipment, flexible work policies and paid rest periods were the most reported. Individual-level challenges and needs included COVID-19-related fears and reduced mental health, whereas interpersonal-related needs included support provision. Community-level challenges included societal stigma. Certain psychological interventions were found to be promising for HCWs, but these were utilized to address only individual-level challenges and needs. Given that well-being entails an interaction of factors, multi-level interventions addressing multiple socio-ecological levels (interpersonal, organizational, community) and that place HCWs in their social context should be administrated to increase and maintain intervention' effects long-term and possibly aid in better coping with future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vaso Theofanous
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karekla
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos P Kassianos
- Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
- Department of Nursing, Cyprus University of Technology, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus.
- Department of Applied Health Research, UCL, London, United Kingdom.
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McEvoy M, Caccaviello G, Crombie A, Skinner T, Begg SJ, Faulkner P, McEvoy A, Masman K, Bamforth L, Parker C, Stanyer E, Collings A, Li X. Health and Wellbeing of Regional and Rural Australian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Baseline Cross-Sectional Findings from the Loddon Mallee Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Study-A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:649. [PMID: 38791863 PMCID: PMC11120829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) has created complex pressures and challenges for healthcare systems worldwide; however, little is known about the impacts COVID-19 has had on regional/rural healthcare workers. The Loddon Mallee Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Study (LMHCWCS) cohort was established to explore and describe the immediate and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional and rural healthcare workers. METHODS Eligible healthcare workers employed within 23 different healthcare organisations located in the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria, Australia, were included. In this cohort study, a total of 1313 participants were recruited from November 2020-May 2021. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and burnout were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Impact of Events Scale-6 (IES-6), and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), respectively. Resilience and optimism were measured using the Brief Resilience Scale and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), respectively. Subjective fear of COVID-19 was measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. RESULTS These cross-sectional baseline findings demonstrate that regional/rural healthcare workers were experiencing moderate/severe depressive symptoms (n = 211, 16.1%), moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (n = 193, 14.7%), and high personal or patient/client burnout with median total scores of 46.4 (IQR = 28.6) and 25.0 (IQR = 29.2), respectively. There was a moderate degree of COVID-19-related fear. However, most participants demonstrated a normal/high degree of resilience (n = 854, 65.0%). Based on self-reporting, 15.4% had a BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 kgm2 and 37.0% have a BMI of 25 kgm2 or over. Overall, 7.3% of participants reported they were current smokers and 20.6% reported alcohol consumption that is considered moderate/high-risk drinking. Only 21.2% of the sample reported consuming four or more serves of vegetables daily and 37.8% reported consuming two or more serves of fruit daily. There were 48.0% the sample who reported having poor sleep quality measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). CONCLUSION Regional/rural healthcare workers in Victoria, Australia, were experiencing a moderate to high degree of psychological distress during the early stages of the pandemic. However, most participants demonstrated a normal/high degree of resilience. Findings will be used to inform policy options to support healthcare workers in responding to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark McEvoy
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | | | - Angela Crombie
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Timothy Skinner
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | - Stephen J. Begg
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | - Peter Faulkner
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne McEvoy
- Kyabram District Health Service, Kyabram, VIC 3620, Australia;
| | - Kevin Masman
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Bamforth
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Carol Parker
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Evan Stanyer
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Amanda Collings
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3550, Australia;
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Dimka JL, Schneider BM, Mamelund SE. Protocol for a systematic review to understand the long-term mental-health effects of influenza pandemics in the pre-COVID-19 era. Scand J Public Health 2024; 52:391-396. [PMID: 38153124 PMCID: PMC11067412 DOI: 10.1177/14034948231217362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This protocol describes a forthcoming systematic review of the question: 'What are the long-term effects of historical influenza pandemics on mental health, resulting either from illness itself or the social or economic effects of pandemics and public health responses?' METHODS We will review studies that investigate associations between influenza pandemics and long-term mental-health impacts. Following the PICO framework, populations (P) may include those with and without pre-existing mental-health symptoms or conditions. Intervention (I) is exposure to an influenza pandemic during the study period encompassing five pandemics (1889-2009). Comparators or controls (C) are not applicable. The review will address outcomes (O) of mental-health morbidity from direct infection and/or related circumstances, including, for example, receiving a disability pension, institutionalisation and/or death. RESULTS Due to societal disruptions, illness and bereavement during pandemics, many people are likely to be affected in myriad ways. Therefore, investigation into mental-health consequences should not be restricted by risk group or diagnosis. To our knowledge, this protocol and forthcoming systematic review are the first to include studies for broad populations and multiple measures of mental-health morbidity. The historical perspective and comparison of pandemics with varying severity but assumed similar causative pathogens also enable insights into the consistency of long-term consequences across pandemics. CONCLUSIONS Pandemics likely produce long-term mental-health impacts with relevance for social, health and economic planning. The systematic review based on this protocol will complement other evidence on pandemic impacts and help policymakers incorporate relevant interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Dimka
- Jessica L. Dimka, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminal Justice, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, USA. E-mail:
| | - Benjamin M. Schneider
- Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society (PANSOC), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Svenn-Erik Mamelund
- Centre for Research on Pandemics & Society (PANSOC), Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
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Kc S, Gooden TE, Aryal D, Koirala K, Luitel S, Haniffa R, Beane A. The burden of anxiety, depression, and stress, along with the prevalence of symptoms of PTSD, and perceptions of the drivers of psychological harms, as perceived by doctors and nurses working in ICUs in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic; a mixed method evaluation. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:450. [PMID: 38600462 PMCID: PMC11007980 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant physical and psychological impacts for survivors, and for the healthcare professionals caring for patients. Nurses and doctors in critical care faced longer working hours, increased burden of patients, and limited resources, all in the context of personal social isolation and uncertainties regarding cross-infection. We evaluated the burden of anxiety, depression, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol dependence among doctors and nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) in Nepal and explored the individual and social drivers for these impacts. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods study in Nepal, using an online survey to assess psychological well-being and semi-structured interviews to explore perceptions as to the drivers of anxiety, stress, and depression. Participants were recruited from existing national critical care professional organisations in Nepal and using a snowball technique. The online survey comprised of validated assessment tools for anxiety, depression, stress, PTSD, and alcohol dependence; all tools were analysed using published guidelines. Interviews were analysed using rapid appraisal techniques, and themes regarding the drivers for psychological distress were explored. RESULTS 134 respondents (113 nurses, 21 doctors) completed the online survey. Twenty-eight (21%) participants experienced moderate to severe symptoms of depression; 67 (50%) experienced moderate or severe symptoms of anxiety; 114 (85%) had scores indicative of moderate to high levels of stress; 46 out of 100 reported symptoms of PTSD. Compared to doctors, nurses experienced more severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, and PTSD, whereas doctors experienced higher levels of stress than nurses. Most (95%) participants had scores indicative of low risk of alcohol dependence. Twenty participants were followed up in interviews. Social stigmatism, physical and emotional safety, enforced role change and the absence of organisational support were perceived drivers for poor psychological well-being. CONCLUSION Nurses and doctors working in ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic sustained psychological impacts, manifesting as stress, anxiety, and for some, symptoms of PTSD. Nurses were more vulnerable. Individual characteristics and professional inequalities in healthcare may be potential modifiable factors for policy makers seeking to mitigate risks for healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirish Kc
- Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tiffany E Gooden
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Diptesh Aryal
- Nepal Intensive Care Research Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | | | | | - Rashan Haniffa
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Abi Beane
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
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Carpi M, Bruschini M, Di Vito A, Burla F. Burnout and perceived stress among Italian physical therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:843-855. [PMID: 37647243 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2253508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
High levels of burnout and psychological distress have been reported for healthcare workers, with seemingly worse outcomes after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, to date, scarce evidence has been gathered about the condition of physical therapists. This cross-sectional study investigated the three burnout dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and assessed perceived stress with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in a sample of Italian physical therapists with the aim of examining the relationships between these variables and demographic and work-related factors. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 671 professionals from the whole nation and associations between burnout, perceived stress, and work-related variables were investigated with descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Overall, 25% of the participants showed high burnout risk (40% scored high on emotional exhaustion, 36% scored high on depersonalization, and 19% scored low on personal accomplishment), whereas 50% reported high levels of perceived stress. Having been exposed to verbal or physical aggressive behaviors at work (OR = 4.06) was associated with high burnout risk, and participants at risk were significantly younger than those showing no burnout risk (d = 0.27). Having a partner (OR = 0.54) and having children (OR = 0.56) were associated on the other hand with reduced burnout risk. Regression models identified weekly working hours (β = 0.16), exposure to aggressive behaviors at work (β = 0.12), and perceived stress (β = 0.66) as significant predictors of emotional exhaustion, gender (β = 0.18), exposure to aggressive behaviors (β = 0.09), and perceived stress (β = 0.37) as predictors of depersonalization, and gender (β=-0.1) and perceived stress (β=-0.35) as predictors of personal accomplishment.In summary, this study found high rates of burnout and psychological distress among Italian physical therapists a year after the outbreak of COVID-19. Significant relations were found between burnout, psychological distress, and both socio-demographic and work-related variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Carpi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bruschini
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Vito
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Education and Competence Development Unit, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Burla
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Wong JW, Tan JH, Abraham RE, Jauhar Ali SN, Kok SY, Tan HCL, Tan JH, Ni H. A comparative study of anxiety and depression among healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in Johor, Malaysia during the Covid-19 era. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37415. [PMID: 38518019 PMCID: PMC10956993 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has a significant impact on the mental health of the global population. Updates are needed regarding the mental health status among the local population since limited studies were done so far. This research compared the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among HCWs and non-HCWs. We also evaluated the factors associated with anxiety and depression symptoms among these 2 groups. This was a cross-sectional study conducted between September to December 2022. Online questionnaire was distributed to HCWs from 2 tertiary government hospitals. Non-HCWs from various occupational fields were recruited randomly. Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) were used to screen for anxiety and depression symptoms respectively. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 28.0. 200 questionnaires were distributed to HCWs and non-HCWs respectively. The response rate was 74.5% from HCWs and 82.5% from non-HCWs (P = .07). A total of 236 individuals (105 HCWs and 131 non-HCWs) were included in the study. Majority were female, married, highly educated and worked more than 8 hours per day. There was no significant difference for the prevalence of anxiety (37.2% vs 44.3%, P = .34) and depression symptoms (37.3% vs 35.1%, P = .75) between HCWs and non-HCWs. Among HCWs, poor workplace support (P = .009) and low income (P = .04) were associated with anxiety symptoms. Younger age (P = .02), single status (P = .01) and poor workplace support (P = .006) were associated with depression symptoms. More non-HCWs with a higher educational level were having anxiety and depression symptoms. Single status (P = .03), working away from home (P = .02), poor family support (P = .03) and quarantine as Covid-19 close contact (P = .04) were also associated with depression symptoms among non-HCWs. There is no significant difference between HCWs and non-HCWs experiencing possible anxiety or depressive symptoms in this study. However, attention should be paid to address associated factors identified among each group to promote good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen Wong
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
| | - Jun Hui Tan
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Si Yin Kok
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
| | - Henry Chor Lip Tan
- Department of General Surgery, KPJ Bandar Dato Onn Specialist Hospital, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Jih Huei Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Han Ni
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia
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Li J, Luo R, Guo P, Zhang D, Mo PKH, Wu AMS, Xin M, Shang M, Cai Y, Wang X, Chen M, He Y, Zheng L, Huang J, Xu RD, Lau JTF, Gu J, Hall BJ. Effectiveness of a WHO self-help psychological intervention to alleviate stress among healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 in China: a randomised controlled trial. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 33:e11. [PMID: 38450478 PMCID: PMC10940054 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796024000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effectiveness of Self-Help Plus (SH+) as an intervention for alleviating stress levels and mental health problems among healthcare workers. METHODS This was a prospective, two-arm, unblinded, parallel-designed randomised controlled trial. Participants were recruited at all levels of medical facilities within all municipal districts of Guangzhou. Eligible participants were adult healthcare workers experiencing psychological stress (10-item Perceived Stress Scale scores of ≥15) but without serious mental health problems or active suicidal ideation. A self-help psychological intervention developed by the World Health Organization in alleviating psychological stress and preventing the development of mental health problems. The primary outcome was psychological stress, assessed at the 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, insomnia, positive affect (PA) and self-kindness assessed at the 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Between November 2021 and April 2022, 270 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either SH+ (n = 135) or the control group (n = 135). The SH+ group had significantly lower stress at the 3-month follow-up (b = -1.23, 95% CI = -2.36, -0.10, p = 0.033) compared to the control group. The interaction effect indicated that the intervention effect in reducing stress differed over time (b = -0.89, 95% CI = -1.50, -0.27, p = 0.005). Analysis of the secondary outcomes suggested that SH+ led to statistically significant improvements in most of the secondary outcomes, including depression, insomnia, PA and self-kindness. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known randomised controlled trial ever conducted to improve stress and mental health problems among healthcare workers experiencing psychological stress in a low-resource setting. SH+ was found to be an effective strategy for alleviating psychological stress and reducing symptoms of common mental problems. SH+ has the potential to be scaled-up as a public health strategy to reduce the burden of mental health problems in healthcare workers exposed to high levels of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center of Health Informatics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Luo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyue Guo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexing Zhang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin District, Hong Kong, China
| | - Phoenix K. H. Mo
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin District, Hong Kong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anise M. S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Meiqi Xin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Menglin Shang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling He
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Roman Dong Xu
- Acacia Lab for Health Systems Strengthening and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Centre for Health Behaviors Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin District, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center of Health Informatics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brian J. Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Hoedl M, Osmancevic S, Thonhofer N, Reiter L, Schoberer D. Psychosocial interventions for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid review and meta-analysis. Wien Med Wochenschr 2024; 174:79-86. [PMID: 37191933 PMCID: PMC10185947 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-023-01013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This rapid review was conducted by following a predefined protocol developed by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. A total of 172 potential reviews and 167 primary studies of interest were found. AMSTAR II was used to assess the quality of the included reviews and the JBI Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials for primary studies. Overall, four studies were included in this review. The study quality ranged from 5 to 12 out of 13 possible stars. No robust evidence was found that psychosocial interventions can reduce psychological distress. No significant effect could be found regarding post-traumatic stress. Two studies on anxiety were identified, one which showed an effect and another which did not. The psychosocial intervention had no beneficial effect on burnout and depression, whereas providing a mindfulness- or relaxation-based intervention resulted in a significant improvement in sleep quality. By considering the secondary results and results of previous reviews, a combination of training and mindfulness seems to be beneficial for decreasing anxiety and stress in home care workers. In summary, the evidence-based recommendations are still limited and, therefore, more evidence is needed to make a general statement of high certainty about the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Hoedl
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/3, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Selvedina Osmancevic
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/3, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Thonhofer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/3, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Lea Reiter
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/3, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Schoberer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/3, 8010, Graz, Austria
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12
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Hassan Salman F, Zainelabdin Mohamed Elmahdi Z, Elnour SMB. Psychological repercussions of COVID-19 on health care workers, Sudan. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:182-189. [PMID: 37753906 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231199406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers around the world were confronted with innumerable torments with the emergence of COVID-19. Amid the pandemic, frontline healthcare personnel serve crucial responsibilities and endure significant social, psychological and economic consequences. This cross-sectional study collected demographic data for 1 year from 385 healthcare officials from all the hospitals spread across the state of Khartoum to research the factors that affected the healthcare workers and doctors who were on the frontline to diagnose and treat the patients with potential or confirmed COVID-19. The degree of symptoms of depression, anxiety and insomnia was also assessed through validated measurement tools. The female participants showed more vulnerability to depression, anxiety and insomnia than their male counterparts. It was reported by the end of the study that the healthcare workers in Sudan are under immense psychological hazards.
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13
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Anger WK, Dimoff JK, Alley L. Addressing Health Care Workers' Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Interventions and Current Resources. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:213-226. [PMID: 38354343 PMCID: PMC10916736 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background. Mental health is declining in health care workers. Objectives. To provide a comprehensive assessment of intervention literature focused on the support and treatment of mental health within the health care workforce. Search Methods. We searched online databases (e.g., Medline, PsycINFO). Selection Criteria. We selected manuscripts published before March 2022 that evaluated the target population (e.g., nurses), mental health outcomes (e.g., burnout, depression), and intervention category (e.g., mindfulness). Data Collection and Analysis. Of 5158 publications screened, 118 interventions were included. We extracted relevant statistics and information. Main Results. Twenty (17%) earned study quality ratings indicating design, analysis, and implementation strengths. Randomized controlled trials were used by 52 studies (44%). Thirty-eight percent were conducted in the United States (n = 45). Ninety (76%) reported significant changes, and 46 (39%) reported measurable effect sizes. Multiple interventions significantly reduced stress (n = 29; 24%), anxiety (n = 20; 17%), emotional exhaustion or compassion fatigue (n = 16; 14%), burnout (n = 15; 13%), and depression (n = 15; 13%). Authors' Conclusions. Targeted, well-designed mental health interventions can improve outcomes among health care workers. Public Health Implications. Targeted health care‒focused interventions to address workers' mental health could improve outcomes within this important and vulnerable workforce. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S2):S213-S226. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307556).
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kent Anger
- W. Kent Anger and Lindsey Alley are with Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97233. Jennifer Dimoff is with University of Ottawa, Telfer School of Management, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer K Dimoff
- W. Kent Anger and Lindsey Alley are with Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97233. Jennifer Dimoff is with University of Ottawa, Telfer School of Management, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsey Alley
- W. Kent Anger and Lindsey Alley are with Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97233. Jennifer Dimoff is with University of Ottawa, Telfer School of Management, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Jackson JL, Kuriyama A, Muramatsu K. A Model of Burnout Among Healthcare Professionals. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:373-376. [PMID: 37946016 PMCID: PMC10897092 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is common and can lead to worse outcomes for both healthcare workers and patients. Our study purpose was to assess the structural relationship among factors that protect against or worsen burnout. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SETTING We surveyed healthcare professionals in 15 different Japanese intensive care units during the 3rd wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2021). Surveys assessed burnout (Mini Z 2.0), resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms, job and work environment characteristics, and personal experience with COVID. We explored survey domains with principal component factor analysis and modeled our results using structural equation modeling. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Among 936 ICU professionals, 24.3% met criteria for burnout. Our model suggested that resilience (β = - 0.26, 95% CI - 0.32 to - 0.20), teamwork (β = - 0.23, 95% CI - 0.30 to - 0.16), and feeling safe (β = - 0.11, 95% CI - 0.18 to - 0.04) reduced burnout. Depression (β = - 0.32, 95% CI - 0.41 to - 0.23) and anxiety (β = - 0.20, 95% CI - 0.29 to - 0.10) both decreased resilience as did COVID fear (β = 0.08, 95% CI - 0.14 to - 0.02). In addition to directly reducing resilience, anxiety also indirectly reduced resilience by increasing COVID fear (0.23, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.23), which decreased resilience (β - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.14 to - 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Burnout is common among Japanese ICU professionals. Resilience, teamwork, and safety are all correlated with reduced burnout. Those who had depression or anxiety or COVID fear had higher degrees of burnout, an effect that appears to be mediated by reduced resilience. These are potential targets for interventions to reduce burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Kuriyama
- Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Muramatsu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Niigata Seiryo University, Niigata, Japan
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15
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Engelmann P, Toussaint A, Addo MM, Brehm TT, Lohse AW, Weigel A, Thompson M, Löwe B. Predictors of somatic symptom burden in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: an 8-week follow-up study. J Ment Health 2023; 32:1111-1121. [PMID: 35549625 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2069709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature investigating the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare professionals barely addresses predictors of somatic symptom burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIMS As biopsychosocial models propose that not only the disease but also sociodemographic and psychosocial factors contribute to the development and maintenance of symptoms, this study investigates the predictive value of these factors for bothersome somatic symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 negative healthcare professionals. METHODS German healthcare professionals were assessed with self-rating questionnaires and underwent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests at baseline and 8 weeks later between April and August 2020. Differences in psychosocial variables between the time points were analyzed and regression analyses were performed to predict somatic symptoms at follow-up. RESULTS 1185 seronegative healthcare professionals completed both assessments. Previous somatic symptom burden, higher levels of anxiety, being a nurse, younger age, higher psychological symptom burden, lower efficiency, and higher fatigability at baseline predicted somatic symptom burden at follow-up. Comparisons between baseline and follow-up showed a significant improvement in psychological impairment and deterioration of physical exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS Our study applies a biopsychosocial perspective to bothersome somatic symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and contributes to the identification of potential risk factors as a starting point for future interventions that could support the handling of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Engelmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Toussaint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | - Thomas Theo Brehm
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | - Angelika Weigel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Thompson
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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van der Noordt M, Proper KI, Loef B, Boot CRL, Kroese FM, de Bruin M, van Oostrom SH. Mental health of healthcare workers during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands: a longitudinal study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1224112. [PMID: 38074703 PMCID: PMC10701889 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1224112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In March 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Previous virus outbreaks, such as the SARS outbreak in 2003, appeared to have a great impact on the mental health of healthcare workers. The aim of this study is to examine to what extent mental health of healthcare workers differed from non-healthcare workers during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used data from a large-scale longitudinal online survey conducted by the Corona Behavioral Unit in the Netherlands. Eleven measurement rounds were analyzed, from April 2020 to March 2021 (N = 16,615; number of observations = 64,206). Mental health, as measured by the 5-item Mental Health Inventory, was compared between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers over time, by performing linear GEE-analyses. Results Mental health scores were higher among healthcare workers compared to non-healthcare workers during the first year of the pandemic (1.29 on a 0-100 scale, 95%-CI = 0.75-1.84). During peak periods of the pandemic, with over 100 hospital admissions or over 25 ICU admissions per day and subsequently more restrictive measures, mental health scores were observed to be lower in both healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers. Conclusion During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed no relevant difference in mental health between healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in the Netherlands. To be better prepared for another pandemic, future research should investigate which factors hinder and which factors support healthcare workers to maintain a good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike van der Noordt
- Department of Public Health Foresight, Center for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Karin I. Proper
- Department Behaviour & Health, Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Societal Participation and Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bette Loef
- Department Behaviour & Health, Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Cécile R. L. Boot
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Societal Participation and Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Work, Health and Performance, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Floor M. Kroese
- Department Behaviour & Health, Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Department of Social, Health, and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marijn de Bruin
- Department Behaviour & Health, Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- IQ Healthcare, Institute of Health Sciences, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sandra H. van Oostrom
- Department Behaviour & Health, Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Geoffrion S, Morse C, Dufour MM, Bergeron N, Guay S, Lanovaz MJ. Screening for Psychological Distress in Healthcare Workers Using Machine Learning: A Proof of Concept. J Med Syst 2023; 47:120. [PMID: 37971690 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-023-02011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to train and test preliminary models using two machine learning algorithms to identify healthcare workers at risk of developing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The study included data from a prospective cohort study of 816 healthcare workers collected using a mobile application during the first two waves of COVID-19. Each week, the participants responded to 11 questions and completed three screening questionnaires (one for anxiety, one for depression, and one for post-traumatic stress disorder). Then, the research team selected two questions (out of the 11), which were used with biological sex to identify whether scores on each screening questionnaire would be positive or negative. The analyses involved a fivefold cross-validation to test the accuracy of models based on logistic regression and support vector machines using cross-sectional and cumulative measures. The findings indicated that the models derived from the two questions and biological sex accurately identified screening scores for anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders in 70% to 80% of cases. However, the positive predictive value never exceeded 50%, underlining the importance of collecting more data to train better models. Our proof of concept demonstrates the feasibility of using machine learning to develop novel models to screen for psychological distress in at-risk healthcare workers. Developing models with fewer questions may reduce burdens of active monitoring in practical settings by decreasing the weekly assessment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Geoffrion
- Research center of l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Université de Montréal Pavillon Marie-Victorin École de psychoéducation, C. P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Catherine Morse
- Research center of l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Université de Montréal Pavillon Marie-Victorin École de psychoéducation, C. P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Michèle Dufour
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Université de Montréal Pavillon Marie-Victorin École de psychoéducation, C. P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bergeron
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Guay
- Research center of l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc J Lanovaz
- Research center of l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal (CR-IUSMM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Université de Montréal Pavillon Marie-Victorin École de psychoéducation, C. P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
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Kirykowicz K, Jaworski B, Owen J, Kirschbaum C, Seedat S, van den Heuvel LL. Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a mental health self-management app in clinicians working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry Res 2023; 329:115493. [PMID: 37778231 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affected the well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) globally. Mental health app interventions (MHAIs) may offer appropriate and accessible means to support HCWs' mental health. We conducted a pilot randomised controlled crossover trial involving 34 clinicians randomised to either a MHAI or a waitlisted group. After one month, outcome assessments were repeated and the waitlisted group then crossed over to the MHAI; they again completed outcome assessments after a month. The primary outcomes were feasibility, assessed with the Systems Usability Scale (SUS), and acceptability, assessed with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ). Secondary outcomes included efficacy for various mental health parameters. The SUS and CSQ scores indicated above average feasibility and acceptability. There was a significant difference in anxiety from baseline to 1-month follow-up between the groups, with greater improvement in the MHAI group. The groups differed in resilience and patient-related burnout from baseline to 1-month follow-up, with a trend towards significance, with greater improvements in the MHAI group. Anxiety and acute stress disorder severity improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention. We demonstrated that MHAIs hold potential for improving well-being of HCWs, although these findings will need to be replicated in adequately powered trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Kirykowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Beth Jaworski
- The United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; NCPTSD - 334; 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Jason Owen
- The United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; NCPTSD - 334; 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Biological Psychology, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden D - 01062, Germany
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh Luella van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Goniewicz M, Włoszczak-Szubzda A, Al-Wathinani AM, Goniewicz K. Resilience in Emergency Medicine during COVID-19: Evaluating Staff Expectations and Preparedness. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1545. [PMID: 38003861 PMCID: PMC10672282 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic brought about significant challenges for health systems globally, with medical professionals at the forefront of this crisis. Understanding their organizational expectations and well-being implications is crucial for crafting responsive healthcare environments. METHODS Between 2021 and 2022, an online survey was conducted among 852 medical professionals across four provinces in Poland: Mazovia, Łódź, Świętokrzyskie, and Lublin. The survey tool, based on a comprehensive literature review, comprised dichotomous questions and specific queries to gather explicit insights. A 5-point Likert scale was implemented to capture nuanced perceptions. Additionally, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C) was utilized to ascertain the correlation between workplace organization and post-traumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS A noteworthy 84.6% of participants believed their employers could enhance safety measures, highlighting a discrepancy between healthcare workers' expectations and organizational implementations. Major concerns encompassed the demand for improved personal protective equipment (44.6%), structured debriefing sessions (40%), distinct building entrances and exits (38.8%), and psychological support (38.3%). Statistical analyses showcased significant variations in 'Avoidance' and 'Overall PTSD Score' between individuals who had undergone epidemic safety procedure training and those who had not. CONCLUSIONS The results illuminate the imperative for healthcare organizations to remain agile, attentive, and deeply compassionate, especially during worldwide health emergencies. Despite showcasing remarkable resilience during the pandemic, medical professionals ardently seek an environment that underscores their safety and mental well-being. These findings reinforce the call for healthcare institutions and policymakers to champion a forward-thinking, employee-focused approach. Additionally, the data suggest a potential avenue for future research focusing on specific demographic groups, further enriching our understanding and ensuring a more comprehensive readiness for impending health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Goniewicz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Włoszczak-Szubzda
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Economics and Innovation, 20-209 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Wathinani
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz College for Emergency Medical Services, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Malgaroli M, Tseng E, Hull TD, Jennings E, Choudhury TK, Simon NM. Association of Health Care Work With Anxiety and Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Structural Topic Modeling Study. JMIR AI 2023; 2:e47223. [PMID: 38875560 PMCID: PMC11041488 DOI: 10.2196/47223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressors for health care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic have been manifold, with high levels of depression and anxiety alongside gaps in care. Identifying the factors most tied to HCWs' psychological challenges is crucial to addressing HCWs' mental health needs effectively, now and for future large-scale events. OBJECTIVE In this study, we used natural language processing methods to examine deidentified psychotherapy transcripts from telemedicine treatment during the initial wave of COVID-19 in the United States. Psychotherapy was delivered by licensed therapists while HCWs were managing increased clinical demands and elevated hospitalization rates, in addition to population-level social distancing measures and infection risks. Our goal was to identify specific concerns emerging in treatment for HCWs and to compare differences with matched non-HCW patients from the general population. METHODS We conducted a case-control study with a sample of 820 HCWs and 820 non-HCW matched controls who received digitally delivered psychotherapy in 49 US states in the spring of 2020 during the first US wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression was measured during the initial assessment using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and anxiety was measured using the General Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire. Structural topic models (STMs) were used to determine treatment topics from deidentified transcripts from the first 3 weeks of treatment. STM effect estimators were also used to examine topic prevalence in patients with moderate to severe anxiety and depression. RESULTS The median treatment enrollment date was April 15, 2020 (IQR March 31 to April 27, 2020) for HCWs and April 19, 2020 (IQR April 5 to April 27, 2020) for matched controls. STM analysis of deidentified transcripts identified 4 treatment topics centered on health care and 5 on mental health for HCWs. For controls, 3 STM topics on pandemic-related disruptions and 5 on mental health were identified. Several STM treatment topics were significantly associated with moderate to severe anxiety and depression, including working on the hospital unit (topic prevalence 0.035, 95% CI 0.022-0.048; P<.001), mood disturbances (prevalence 0.014, 95% CI 0.002-0.026; P=.03), and sleep disturbances (prevalence 0.016, 95% CI 0.002-0.030; P=.02). No significant associations emerged between pandemic-related topics and moderate to severe anxiety and depression for non-HCW controls. CONCLUSIONS The study provides large-scale quantitative evidence that during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs faced unique work-related challenges and stressors associated with anxiety and depression, which required dedicated treatment efforts. The study further demonstrates how natural language processing methods have the potential to surface clinically relevant markers of distress while preserving patient privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Malgaroli
- Department of Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily Tseng
- Ann S Bowers College of Computing and Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Thomas D Hull
- Research and Development, Talkspace, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emma Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tanzeem K Choudhury
- Ann S Bowers College of Computing and Information Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Naomi M Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Silva MAMD, Trettim JP. Economic and Professional Impact of The Covid-19 Pandemic and Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety on Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons in Brazil. Rev Bras Ortop 2023; 58:e727-e733. [PMID: 37908531 PMCID: PMC10615594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the economic and professional impact (including teaching and training) during the covid-19 pandemic, as well as the prevalence of major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder, on shoulder and elbow surgeons in Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional study carried out with surgeons who are members of the Brazilian Society of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (SBCOC). Sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience. The information was obtained through a self-administered online questionnaire, through the SBCOC members' registered e-mails, using structured questions and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) instruments to screening for major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder, respectively. Results 119 participants were evaluated. The commitment in teaching was affirmed by 87.7% of the surgeons, there was a reduction above 50% of the surgical volume for about 4 out of 10 surgeons and reduction of the income above 50% for about 17.3%, due to the fact that 55.5% of professionals did not have professional stability. The major depressive episode had a prevalence of 26.7% in the sample, and generalized anxiety disorder was presented by 20% of the surgeons. Conclusion The combination of the negative impact on professional and financial factorsmay have affected shoulder and elbow surgeons in Brazil, generating high rates of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos André Mendes da Silva
- Supervisor do Serviço de Residência Médica em Ortopedia-Traumatologia Hospital Universitário Miguel Riet Correa Júnior da Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
- Aluno da Pós-Graduação em Mestrado Profissional em Saúde no Ciclo Vital do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Puchalski Trettim
- Professora assistente do Mestrado Profissional em Saúde no Ciclo Vital do Centro de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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22
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Nazemi M, Kiani S, Zakerabasali S. Tele-mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of the literature focused on technical aspects and challenges. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1637. [PMID: 37916142 PMCID: PMC10617983 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide, which leads to the death of more than 9 million people annually. The global impact of the Coronavirus epidemic on mental health includes insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, given the current situation, innovations such as telemedicine to provide prevention and treatment services for people with mental disorders seem necessary. Methods A literature review was performed according to the preferred items to report in systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Covering a period from January 2020 to July 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search on five electronic databases (PubMed-Mesh, Scopus, Web of Science, Science direct, and PsycInfo). The search strategy included three categories of keywords: Mental health, Tele, COVID-19. Results A total of 112 articles were identified by searching the databases of published articles, 13 articles met our inclusion criteria. A total of 76.2% of them were related to patients with stress, anxiety, and depression issues. We found that the real-time method has been the most common method used to communicate between the physician and the patient (92.3%). The communication technologies used also included telephone, video call, video conference, and E-mail. During these communications, data was exchanged in text, voice, and video formats. In three studies (27%), interoperability with other systems was mentioned. In addition, 69.2% of the studies reported challenges, the most important of which were access to electronic and communication devices, network connection problems, audio and video problems, and privacy issues. Conclusions Considering the many advantages of telemedicine technology in the field of mental health, the need to use this technology in developing countries, including our country, is obvious. But the application of these technologies requires the investigation of technical aspects and challenges related to them as much as possible, which have been seen in few studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nazemi
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | | | - Somayyeh Zakerabasali
- Department of Health Information Management, Clinical Education Research Center, Health Human Resources Research Center, School of Health Management and Information SciencesShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Maunder RG, Kiss A, Heeney N, Wallwork E, Hunter JJ, Johnstone J, Wiesenfeld L, Jeffs L, McGeer A, Lee K, Loftus C, Ginty L, Wilkinson K, Merkley J. Randomized trial of personalized psychological feedback from a longitudinal online survey and simultaneous evaluation of randomized stepped wedge availability of in-person peer support for hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2023; 84:31-38. [PMID: 37327633 PMCID: PMC10250283 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested if automated Personalized Self-Awareness Feedback (PSAF) from an online survey or in-person Peer Resilience Champion support (PRC) reduced emotional exhaustion among hospital workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD Among a single cohort of participating staff from one hospital organization, each intervention was evaluated against a control condition with repeated measures of emotional exhaustion at quarterly intervals for 18 months. PSAF was tested in a randomized controlled trial compared to a no-feedback condition. PRC was tested in a group-randomized stepped-wedge design, comparing individual-level emotional exhaustion before and after availability of the intervention. Main and interactive effects on emotional exhaustion were tested in a linear mixed model. RESULTS Among 538 staff, there was a small but significant beneficial effect of PSAF over time (p = .01); the difference at individual timepoints was only significant at timepoint three (month six). The effect of PRC over time was non-significant with a trend in the opposite direction to a treatment effect (p = .06). CONCLUSIONS In a longitudinal assessment, automated feedback about psychological characteristics buffered emotional exhaustion significantly at six months, whereas in-person peer support did not. Providing automated feedback is not resource-intensive and merits further investigation as a method of support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Kiss
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lianne Jeffs
- Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Microbiology and Lunenfeld-Tannenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Canada
| | - Kyla Lee
- Psychiatry, Sinai Health, Canada
| | | | - Leanne Ginty
- Nursing Education and Academic Affairs, Sinai Health, Canada
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Stewart RE, Wislocki K, Wolk CB, Bellini L, Livesey C, Kugler K, Kwon N, Cardamone NC, Becker-Haimes EM. Implementing a resilience coach program to support first year housestaff during the COVID-19 pandemic: early pilot results and comparison with non-housestaff sessions. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:915. [PMID: 37644597 PMCID: PMC10463571 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we launched the Penn Medicine Coping First Aid program to provide psychosocial supports to our health system community. Our approach leveraged lay health worker volunteers trained in principles of Psychological First Aid to deliver coaching services through a centralized virtual platform. METHODS We emailed all (n = 408) first year housestaff (i.e., residents and fellows) with an invitation to schedule a session with a resilience coach. We compared the mental health concerns, symptoms, and Psychological First Aid techniques recorded in (n = 67) first year housestaff sessions with (n = 91) sessions of other employees in the health system. RESULTS Between June and November 2020, forty-six first year housestaff attended at least one resilience coaching session. First year housestaff most commonly presented with feelings of anxiety and sadness and shared concerns related to the availability of social support. Resilience coaches most frequently provided practical assistance and ensured safety and comfort to first year housestaff. First year housestaff reported fewer physical or mental health symptoms and held shorter sessions with resilience coaches than non-housestaff. CONCLUSIONS This work offers insights on how to address psychosocial functioning through low-intensity interventions delivered by lay personnel. More research is needed to understand the efficacy of this program and how best to engage housestaff in wellness and resilience programs throughout training, both during and beyond COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Katherine Wislocki
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Courtney B Wolk
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Bellini
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia Livesey
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelley Kugler
- The Acceleration Lab, Center for Health Care Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nayoung Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas C Cardamone
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily M Becker-Haimes
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Room 3103, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Nizigiyimana A, Acharya D, Poder TG. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the health-related quality of life of frontline workers: the case of seven low-income Eastern African countries. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2023; 21:97. [PMID: 37605219 PMCID: PMC10463627 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of humanitarian and healthcare workers and its related factors in seven Eastern African countries (EAC). METHODS A sample of frontline workers filled out an online cross-sectional survey questionnaire comprising socio-demographic, degree of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, alcohol and tobacco consumption, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using Short Form 6-Dimension version 2 (SF-6Dv2) and Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation 6-Dimension (CORE-6D), and fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) questionnaires. Multivariate regressions were conducted to identify independent factors associated with HRQoL. RESULTS Of total 721 study participants, mean (standard deviation) scores for SF-6Dv2 and CORE-6D were 0.87 (0.18) and 0.81 (0.14), respectively. Participants with an education level below a university degree, having chronic diseases, been tested positive to COVID-19, with traumatic memories, depression, insomnia, distress, and stress were found to have lower HRQoL likelihood in terms of SF-6Dv2 scores during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, participants with chronic diseases, exposure to COVID-19 patients, depression, insomnia, distress, stress, tested positive with COVID-19, and high level of fear of COVID-19, had lower HRQoL likelihood in terms of CORE-6D scores. Participants who were married had higher HRQoL likelihoods in terms of SF-6Dv2 scores. CONCLUSION Some personal and mental health characteristics, and COVID-19 related factors, were predictors of lower HRQoL of frontline workers in EAC. These findings should be meaningful while designing sustainable interventions and guidelines aiming to improve the HRQoL of frontline workers during a pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nizigiyimana
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Centre de REcherche en Santé Publique, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Dilaram Acharya
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Héma-Québec, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Thomas G. Poder
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
- Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en ANalyse des Organisations, Montréal, QC Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, CIUSSS de l’Est-de-L’île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC Canada
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van de Baan F, Poesen L, Westra D, Fleuren B, Ruwaard D, Zijlstra F, Gifford R. Use it or lose it? Identifying reasons for the low use of psychosocial support by hospital staff. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 21:44. [PMID: 37296431 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-023-00830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial support programs are a way for hospitals to support the mental health of their staff. However, while support is needed, utilization of support by hospital staff remains low. This study aims to identify reasons for non-use and elements that are important to consider when offering psychosocial support. METHODS This mixed-method, multiple case study used survey data and in-depth interviews to assess the extent of psychosocial support use, reasons for non-use and perceived important elements regarding the offering of psychosocial support among Dutch hospital staff. The study focused on a time of especially high need, namely the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to assess frequency of use among 1514 staff. The constant comparative method was used to analyze answers provided to two open-ended survey questions (n = 274 respondents) and in-depth interviews (n = 37 interviewees). RESULTS The use of psychosocial support decreased from 8.4% in December 2020 to 3.6% by September 2021. We identified four main reasons for non-use of support: deeming support unnecessary, deeming support unsuitable, being unaware of the availability, or feeling undeserving of support. Furthermore, we uncovered four important elements: offer support structurally after the crisis, adjust support to diverse needs, ensure accessibility and awareness, and an active role for supervisors. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the low use of psychosocial support by hospital staff is shaped by individual, organizational, and support-specific factors. These factors can be targeted to increase use of psychosocial support, whereby it is important to also focus on the wider hospital workforce in addition to frontline staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank van de Baan
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 GT, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lieze Poesen
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Westra
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 GT, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Fleuren
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Ruwaard
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 GT, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fred Zijlstra
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Gifford
- Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 GT, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Emirza S, Yılmaz Kozcu G. Protecting healthcare workers' mental health against COVID-19-related stress: The effects of stress mindset and psychological resilience. Nurs Health Sci 2023. [PMID: 37098413 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers have been on the frontline of the battle against COVID-19 disease. However, this has taken a toll on them, resulting in elevated stress and poor mental health. We argue that healthcare workers' stress mindset and resilience could mitigate negative outcomes of COVID-19-related stress by helping them view this stressful situation in a more positive light and appraise it as a challenge rather than a threat. Accordingly, we hypothesized that both a stress-is-enhancing mindset about COVID-19-related stress and resilience would improve healthcare workers' appraisal of their personal resources and increase their challenge appraisals, positively contributing to their mental health. We collected data from 160 healthcare workers and performed structural equation modeling for hypothesis testing. The results indicate that both a stress-is-enhancing mindset about COVID-19-related stress and psychological resilience are indirectly related to better mental well-being and lower health-related anxiety through challenge appraisals. This study contributes to research in mental health by suggesting that protecting and promoting healthcare workers' mental health is possible by empowering them through increasing personal resources such as a positive mindset about stressful situations and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Emirza
- Department of Business Administration, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Yılmaz Kozcu
- Department of Business Administration, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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28
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Leclerc L, Pabico C. Blueprints for well-being: Modeling the way through Human-Centered Leadership and Pathway to Excellence. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2023; 54:9-16. [PMID: 36998183 DOI: 10.1097/01.numa.0000921892.27917.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Leclerc
- Lucy Leclerc is the chief learning officer at uLeadership in Atlanta, Ga. Christine Pabico is the director of the Pathway to Excellence program at the American Nurses Credentialing Center in Silver Spring, Md
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Gnanapragasam SN, Tinch-Taylor R, Scott HR, Hegarty S, Souliou E, Bhundia R, Lamb D, Weston D, Greenberg N, Madan I, Stevelink S, Raine R, Carter B, Wessely S. Multicentre, England-wide randomised controlled trial of the 'Foundations' smartphone application in improving mental health and well-being in a healthcare worker population. Br J Psychiatry 2023; 222:58-66. [PMID: 36040419 PMCID: PMC10895508 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2022.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) have faced considerable pressures during the COVID-19 pandemic. For some, this has resulted in mental health distress and disorder. Although interventions have sought to support HCWs, few have been evaluated. AIMS We aimed to determine the effectiveness of the 'Foundations' application (app) on general (non-psychotic) psychiatric morbidity. METHOD We conducted a multicentre randomised controlled trial of HCWs at 16 NHS trusts (trial registration number: EudraCT: 2021-001279-18). Participants were randomly assigned to the app or wait-list control group. Measures were assessed at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks. The primary outcome was general psychiatric morbidity (using the General Health Questionnaire). Secondary outcomes included: well-being; presenteeism; anxiety; depression and insomnia. The primary analysis used mixed-effects multivariable regression, presented as adjusted mean differences (aMD). RESULTS Between 22 March and 3 June 2021, 1002 participants were randomised (500:502), and 894 (89.2%) followed-up. The sample was predominately women (754/894, 84.3%), with a mean age of 44⋅3 years (interquartile range (IQR) 34-53). Participants randomised to the app had a reduction in psychiatric morbidity symptoms (aMD = -1.39, 95% CI -2.05 to -0.74), improvement in well-being (aMD = 0⋅54, 95% CI 0⋅20 to 0⋅89) and reduction in insomnia (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0⋅36, 95% CI 0⋅21 to 0⋅60). No other significant findings were found, or adverse events reported. CONCLUSIONS The app had an effect in reducing psychiatric morbidity symptoms in a sample of HCWs. Given it is scalable with no adverse effects, the app may be used as part of an organisation's tiered staff support package. Further evidence is needed on long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam N. Gnanapragasam
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Rose Tinch-Taylor
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics and King's Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Hannah R. Scott
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK
| | - Siobhan Hegarty
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK
| | - Emilia Souliou
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK
| | - Rupa Bhundia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK
| | - Danielle Lamb
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, UK
| | - Danny Weston
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK
| | - Neil Greenberg
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK
| | - Ira Madan
- Department of Occupational Health, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sharon Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK
| | - Rosalind Raine
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, UK
| | - Ben Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics and King's Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Simon Wessely
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, UK
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Nguyen OT, Merlo LJ, Meese KA, Turner K, Alishahi Tabriz A. Anxiety and Depression Risk Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the US Census Household Pulse Survey. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:558-561. [PMID: 36510040 PMCID: PMC9744364 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Nguyen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Lisa J Merlo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katherine A Meese
- Department of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kea Turner
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncologic Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Amir Alishahi Tabriz
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Oncologic Science, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Kameyama K, Mizutani K, Miyake Y, Iwase T, Mizutani Y, Yamada M, Ito Y, Ishihara S, Deguchi T. Evaluation of physical and psychological status of health care workers infected with COVID-19 during a hospital outbreak in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:126-130. [PMID: 36241127 PMCID: PMC9553961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 causes physical and psychological impacts on health care workers (HCWs), especially when it occurs during an outbreak. As there are few reports on outcomes of HCWs infected with COVID-19 during a hospital outbreak, we investigated the physical and psychological impacts on HCWs infected with COVID-19 during an outbreak in our hospital. METHODS During the outbreak in our hospital, 231 people were infected with COVID-19 including patients, HCWs and their families. Among them, 83 HCWs were enrolled in this study. Current quality of life (QOL) was assessed with the EuroQol-visual analogue scales (EQ-VAS), and motivation to keep on working was evaluated by a 10-point analogue scale. Physiological recovery rates including return to work (RTW) period were also analyzed. RESULTS One nurse quit work due to anxiety regarding re-infection with COVID-19. The median period to RTW from the diagnosis was 14.0 (12.0-17.0) days. Motivation to keep on working was slightly reduced, and the EQ-VAS was 75.0 (65.0-83.6). There were no significant differences in QOL and motivation between male and female HCWs, nurses and other HCWs, treatment and non-treatment group, and supplemental and non-supplemental oxygen group. The most frequent persistent symptoms at 1,3 and 6 months after infection were anosmia followed by fatigue. CONCLUSION Although QOL and motivation to keep on working were slightly reduced, only one HCW quit work. No severe persistent symptoms were observed, and the RTW period was relatively short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kameyama
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan,Corresponding author. 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mizutani
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Yukiko Miyake
- Department of Nursing, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Toma Iwase
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Mizutani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Mikito Yamada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishihara
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Deguchi
- Department of Urology, Central Japan International Medical Center, 1-1 Kenkonomati, Minokamo, Gifu, 505-8510, Japan
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Hameed W, Avan BI, Feroz AS, Khan B, Fatmi Z, Jafri H, Wassan MA, Siddiqi S. Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of primary healthcare workers in Pakistan: lessons from a qualitative inquiry. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065941. [PMID: 36600390 PMCID: PMC9742844 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The existing literature regarding the mental health consequences of COVID-19 among healthcare workers revolves predominantly around specialised hospital settings, while neglecting primary healthcare workers (PHCW) who are the first point of contact for patients. In view of negligible evidence, this study explored the mental health impact of COVID-19 and health system response, and sought suggestions and recommendations from the PHCWs to address their mental health needs during the pandemic crisis. DESIGN We employed a qualitative exploratory design. SETTING A total of 42 primary healthcare facilities across 15 districts in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS We telephonically conducted 47 in-depth interviews with health service providers and hospital managers. A combination of inductive and deductive approach was used for data analyses using NVivo V.11.0. RESULTS There was immense fear, stress and anxiety among PHCWs being infected and infecting their families at the beginning of this outbreak and its peak which tapered off over time. It was triggered by lack of information about the virus and its management, false rumours, media hype, lack of personal protective measures (personal protective equipment, PPE) and non-cooperation from patients and community people. Trainings on awareness raising and the PPEs provided by the healthcare system, with emotional support from coworkers and supervisors, were instrumental in addressing their mental health needs. Additionally, they recommended appreciation and recognition, and provision of psychosocial support from mental health professionals. CONCLUSION Primary healthcare system should be prepared to provide timely informational (eg, continuous updates in training and guidelines), instrumental (eg, provision of PPE, appreciation and recognition), organisational (eg, safe and conducive working environment) and emotional and psychosocial support (eg, frequent or needs-based session from mental health professionals) to PHCWs in order to mitigate the mental health impact of pandemic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Hameed
- Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Iqbal Avan
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anam Shahil Feroz
- Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Jafri
- Punjab Thalassaemia and other Genetic Disorders Prevention and Research Institute, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sameen Siddiqi
- Community Health Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
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Hinzmann D, Forster A, Koll-Krüsmann M, Schießl A, Schneider F, Sigl-Erkel T, Igl A, Heininger SK. Calling for Help-Peer-Based Psychosocial Support for Medical Staff by Telephone-A Best Practice Example from Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15453. [PMID: 36497526 PMCID: PMC9737483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A telephone support hotline (PSU-HELPLINE) was established at the beginning of the pandemic due to the burden on health professionals and the lack of support at the workplace. The aim of this study was to evaluate the telephone support service for health professionals in terms of its burden, benefits, and mechanisms of action. METHODS Data collection was conducted during and after calls by PSU-HELPLINE counsellors. In addition to the socio-demographic data evaluation, burdens of the callers and the benefits of the calls were collected. The content-analytical evaluation of the stresses as well as the effect factors were based on Mayring's (2022). RESULTS Most of the callers were highly to very highly stressed. The usefulness of the conversation was rated as strong to very strong by both callers and counsellors. The PSU-HELPLINE was used primarily for processing serious events and in phases of overload. The support work was carried out through the following aspects of so-called effect factors, among others: psychoeducation, change of perspective, resource activation, problem actualization, connectedness, information, problem solving, self-efficacy, and preservation of resources. CONCLUSIONS The expansion of local peer support structures and the possibility of a telephone helpline are recommended. Further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hinzmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
- Association for Psychosocial Competence and Support in Acute Care-PSU-Akut, 81373 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Forster
- Association for Psychosocial Competence and Support in Acute Care-PSU-Akut, 81373 Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Koll-Krüsmann
- Association for Psychosocial Competence and Support in Acute Care-PSU-Akut, 81373 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schießl
- Association for Psychosocial Competence and Support in Acute Care-PSU-Akut, 81373 Munich, Germany
| | - Frederick Schneider
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Sigl-Erkel
- Association for Psychosocial Competence and Support in Acute Care-PSU-Akut, 81373 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Igl
- Association for Psychosocial Competence and Support in Acute Care-PSU-Akut, 81373 Munich, Germany
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Al-Dossary RN, AlMahmoud S, Banakhar MA, Alamri M, Albaqawi H, Al Hosis K, Aljohani MS, Alrasheadi B, Falatah R, Almadani N, Aljohani K, Alharbi J, Almazan JU. The relationship between nurses' risk assessment and management, fear perception, and mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:992466. [PMID: 36438216 PMCID: PMC9685659 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.992466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During this pandemic, it is crucial to implement early interventions to help nurses manage their mental wellbeing by providing them with information regarding coping skills, preventive risk assessment approaches (such as hospital preparedness and rapid risk assessment), and the ability to respond. This study evaluated the effect of fear and risk assessment management on nurses' mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. A total of 507 nurses who worked in tertiary public hospitals were asked to take a descriptive design survey. Three survey scales were used to assess the survey: the Risk Assessment Scale, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Independent t-tests and a one-way ANOVA were used to examine the association between fear of COVID-19 and nurses' demographic characteristics on their mental wellbeing. A multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the predictors associated with mental wellbeing. Findings revealed that almost half of the participants showed moderate positive mental wellbeing, 49.7%, while only 14% had low levels of fear on the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well being Scale. Most of the respondents had low levels of fear on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, 45%, while only 15% had high levels of fear on the scale. Then, some demographic variables, such as "age," "nationality," "total years of experience in the current hospital," and "region you work at" had statistically significant differences with p < 0.5. Meanwhile, risk assessment is also associated with mental wellbeing scores. All items on the Fear of COVID-19 Scale showed no significant difference with a P > 0.05. In conclusion, most nurses providing direct patient care to a patient with COVID-19 emphasized the importance of wearing PPE and performing hand hygiene before and after any clean or aseptic procedure. Meanwhile, although almost all nurses were vaccinated, they were still afraid of a COVID-19 infection. Additionally, the results reported that the older the nurses are, the better their mental wellbeing scores. Non-Saudi nurses had higher perceived mental wellbeing scores than Saudi nurses, and different working environments corresponded to different mental wellbeing scores. Finally, nurses' risk assessment was associated with mental wellbeing scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem N. Al-Dossary
- Nursing Education Department, Nursing College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana AlMahmoud
- Nursing Education Department, Nursing College, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Ahmed Banakhar
- Public Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alamri
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khaled Al Hosis
- Department of Nursing Education, Nursing College, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Aljohani
- Medical and Surgical Department, Nursing College, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alrasheadi
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaih Falatah
- Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Almadani
- Community Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Aljohani
- Community Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalal Alharbi
- Nursing Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Albatin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph U. Almazan
- Medicine Department, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan,*Correspondence: Joseph U. Almazan ;
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Hameed W, Feroz AS, Avan BI, Khan B, Fatmi Z, Afzal N, Jafri H, Wassan MA, Siddiqi S. Understanding the mental health impact and needs of public healthcare professionals during COVID-19 in Pakistan : a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061482. [PMID: 36343996 PMCID: PMC9644080 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A dearth of qualitative studies constrains in-depth understanding of health service providers' perspectives and experiences regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health. This study explored the mental health impact and needs of of public sector healthcare workers during COVID-19 who working in secondary-level and tertiary-level healthcare settings of Pakistan. DESIGN An exploratory qualitative study. SETTING Twenty-five secondary-level and eight tertiary-level public hospitals of Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 health service providers and 40 administrative personnel. Study data were analysed on NVivo V.11 using the conventional content analysis technique. RESULTS The study identified three overarching themes: (1) mental health impact of COVID-19 on health service providers that included the fear of acquiring the infection and transmitting it to their family members, fear of social isolation and stigma, anxiety related to the uncertainty of COVID-19, nervousness due to media exaggeration and stress associated with excessive workload; (2) mental health needs of health service providers involved in the COVID-19 crisis and available support from the healthcare system, including the expression of the need for counselling services and safe working conditions, the need for paid rest periods, and the need for appreciation and motivation to work in the pandemic; and (3) suggestions to address mental health needs of healthcare workers, including provision of specialised mental healthcare/services, formal training of health managers on managing mental health needs of health facility staff, and assessment and addressing of these needs of the health workforce. CONCLUSION The study emphasises the need to strengthen health system preparedness for recognising and addressing the needs of healthcare professionals. At the system level, there is a need for a specialised unit to provide mental health services and better communication strategies. At the staff level, continuous motivation and appreciation should be given to healthcare professionals either through monetary incentives or formal acknowledgement of their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Hameed
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anam Shahil Feroz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Iqbal Avan
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bushra Khan
- Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Afzal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Jafri
- Punjab Thalassaemia and other Genetic Disorders Prevention and Research Institute, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sameen Siddiqi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Engelmann P, Löwe B, Brehm TT, Weigel A, Ullrich F, Addo MM, Schulze zur Wiesch J, Lohse AW, Toussaint A. Risk factors for worsening of somatic symptom burden in a prospective cohort during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1022203. [PMID: 36337508 PMCID: PMC9631939 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1022203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little is known about risk factors for both Long COVID and somatic symptoms that develop in individuals without a history of COVID-19 in response to the pandemic. There is reason to assume an interplay between pathophysiological mechanisms and psychosocial factors in the etiology of symptom persistence. Objective Therefore, this study investigates specific risk factors for somatic symptom deterioration in a cohort of German adults with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods German healthcare professionals underwent SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody testing and completed self-rating questionnaires at baseline and 21 months later between April 2020 and February 2022. Differences in variables between the time points were analyzed and a regression analysis was performed to predict somatic symptom deterioration at follow-up. Results Seven hundred fifty-one adults completed both assessments. Until follow-up, n = 58 had contracted SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by serology. Between baseline and follow-up, signs of mental and physical strain increased significantly in the sample. Symptom expectations associated with COVID-19 and a self-reported history of COVID-19, but not serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, significantly predicted somatic symptom deterioration at follow-up. A further predictor was baseline psychological symptom burden. Conclusions This study supports a disease-overarching biopsychosocial model for the development of burdensome somatic symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and supports research findings that symptom burden may be more related to the psychosocial effects of the pandemic than to infection itself. Future studies on Long COVID should include SARS-CoV-2 negative control groups and consider symptom burden prior to infection in order to avoid an overestimation of prevalence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Engelmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Petra Engelmann
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Theo Brehm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelika Weigel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Ullrich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M. Addo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze zur Wiesch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W. Lohse
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Toussaint
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Styra R, Hawryluck L, McGeer A, Dimas M, Lam E, Giacobbe P, Lorello G, Dattani N, Sheen J, Rac VE, Francis T, Wu PE, Luk WS, Nadarajah J, Gold WL. Support for health care workers and psychological distress: thinking about now and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2022; 42:421-430. [PMID: 35766916 PMCID: PMC9584174 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.42.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study explores the relationship between emotional support, perceived risk and mental health outcomes among health care workers, who face high rates of burnout and mental distress since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional, multicentred online survey of health care workers in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic evaluated coping strategies, confidence in infection control, impact of previous work during the 2003 SARS outbreak and emotional support. Mental health outcomes were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Impact of Event Scale - Revised and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). RESULTS Of 3852 participants, 8.2% sought professional mental health services while 77.3% received emotional support from family, 74.0% from friends and 70.3% from colleagues. Those who felt unsupported in their work had higher odds ratios of experiencing moderate and severe symptoms of anxiety (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.84-2.69), PTSD (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.58-2.25) and depression (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.57-2.25). Nearly 40% were afraid of telling family about the risks they were exposed to at work. Those who were able to share this information demonstrated lower risk of anxiety (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.48-0.69), PTSD (OR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.41-0.56) and depression (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.47-0.65). CONCLUSION Informal sources of support, including family, friends and colleagues, play an important role in mitigating distress and should be encouraged and utilized more by health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Styra
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Hawryluck
- Critical Care Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison McGeer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Dimas
- Department of Research, William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eileen Lam
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gianni Lorello
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Dattani
- Department of Emergency and Urgent Care, William Osler Health System, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack Sheen
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valeria E Rac
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy Francis
- Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter E Wu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wing-Si Luk
- Patient Safety and Quality Improvement, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeya Nadarajah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne L Gold
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Martínez-Arriaga RJ, Herdoiza-Arroyo PE, Bautista-Valerio E, de la Rosa-Gómez A, Castellanos Vargas RO, Lacomba-Trejo L, Mateu-Mollá J, Lupercio Ramírez MDJ, Figueroa González JA, Ramírez Martínez FR. E-Health Psychological Intervention for COVID-19 Healthcare Workers: Protocol for its Implementation and Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912749. [PMID: 36232049 PMCID: PMC9566813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Healthcare workers have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital interventions have been carried out that have been effective with this population; however, few have been reported in Latin America. Our aim is to describe the components and methods to evaluate the feasibility and utility of an online multi-component psychological intervention for healthcare workers in Mexico during COVID-19. (2) Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial with two arms: (1) self-applied intervention and (2) intervention delivered online by therapists. The participants are randomly assigned to one arm, receiving the same treatment contents in both groups. The "Personal COVID" intervention consists of an internet platform containing 9 nuclear and 3 complementary modules. The objectives of the intervention are: (1) to reduce anxiety, depressive symptoms, burnout, and compassion fatigue, and (2) to increase the quality of life, sleep quality, self-care, and their skills to give bad news. The protocol has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04890665). (3) Discussion: This protocol is designed according to the highest scientific standards following the SPIRIT guidelines. The "Personal COVID" intervention is expected to be of high efficacy in treating the emotional distress of healthcare workers and promoting their health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reyna Jazmín Martínez-Arriaga
- Departamento de Clínicas de Salud Mental, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-3310585200
| | | | - Eduardo Bautista-Valerio
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | - Anabel de la Rosa-Gómez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | | | - Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Mateu-Mollá
- Health Sciences Area, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam de Jesús Lupercio Ramírez
- Maestría en Psicología de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
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Henshall C, Ostinelli E, Harvey J, Davey Z, Aghanenu B, Cipriani A, Attenburrow MJ. Examining the Effectiveness of Web-Based Interventions to Enhance Resilience in Health Care Professionals: Systematic Review. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 8:e34230. [PMID: 36066962 PMCID: PMC9490530 DOI: 10.2196/34230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, the impact of continued exposure to workplace environmental and psychological stressors on health care professionals' mental health is associated with increased depression, substance misuse, sleep disorders, and posttraumatic stress. This can lead to staff burnout, poor quality health care, and reduced patient safety outcomes. Strategies to improve the psychological health and well-being of health care staff have been highlighted as a critical priority worldwide. The concept of resilience for health care professionals as a tool for negotiating workplace adversity has gained increasing prominence. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness of web-based interventions to enhance resilience in health care professionals. METHODS We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Ovid SP databases for relevant records published after 1990 until July 2021. We included studies that focused on internet-delivered interventions aiming at enhancing resilience. Study quality was assessed with the Risk of Bias 2 tool for randomized controlled trial designs and Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for other study designs. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; CRD42021253190). PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed. RESULTS A total of 8 studies, conducted between 2014 and 2020 and involving 1573 health care workers, were included in the review. In total, 4 randomized controlled trial designs and 4 pre- and postdesign studies were conducted across a range of international settings and health care disciplines. All of these studies aimed to evaluate the impact of web-based interventions on resilience or related symptoms in health care professionals involved in patient-facing care. Interventions included various web-based formats and therapeutic approaches over variable time frames. One randomized controlled trial directly measured resilience, whereas the remaining 3 used proxy measures to measure psychological concepts linked to resilience. Three pretest and posttest studies directly measured resilience, whereas the fourth study used a proxy resilience measure. Owing to the heterogeneity of outcome measures and intervention designs, meta-analysis was not possible, and qualitative data synthesis was undertaken. All studies found that resilience or proxy resilience levels were enhanced in health care workers following the implementation of web-based interventions. The overall risk of bias of all 8 studies was low. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that web-based interventions designed to enhance resilience may be effective in clinical practice settings and have the potential to provide support to frontline staff experiencing prolonged workplace stress across a range of health care professional groups. However, the heterogeneity of included studies means that findings should be interpreted with caution; more web-based interventions need rigorous testing to further develop the evidence base. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021253190; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=253190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Henshall
- Oxford School of Nursing and Midwifery, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Institute for Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edoardo Ostinelli
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jade Harvey
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Davey
- Oxford Institute for Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bemigho Aghanenu
- Oxford School of Nursing and Midwifery, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Cipriani
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Precision Psychiatry Lab, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary-Jane Attenburrow
- Warneford Hospital, Oxford Health National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Nicolakakis N, Lafantaisie M, Letellier MC, Biron C, Vézina M, Jauvin N, Vivion M, Pelletier M. Are Organizational Interventions Effective in Protecting Healthcare Worker Mental Health during Epidemics/Pandemics? A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159653. [PMID: 35955009 PMCID: PMC9368524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
It is unclear how to effectively protect healthcare workers' mental health during infectious disease epidemics. Targeting the occupational determinants of stress may hold more promise than individual stress management, which has received more focus. Through a systematic review of the 2000-2021 English- and French-language scientific literature, we evaluated the effectiveness of organizational and psychosocial work environment interventions to protect healthcare workers' mental health in an epidemic/pandemic context. Evidence from medium- and high-quality studies was synthesized using GRADE. Among 1604 unique search results, 41 studies were deemed relevant, yielding 34 low-quality and seven medium-quality studies. The latter reported on promising multi-component prevention programs that combined staffing adjustments, work shift arrangements, enhanced infection prevention and control, recognition of workers' efforts, psychological and/or logistic support during lockdowns (e.g., accommodation). Our confidence in the effectiveness of reviewed interventions is low to very low, however, owing to methodological limitations. We highlight gaps in the reporting of intervention process and context elements and discuss theory and implementation failure as possible explanations for results. We conclude by urging authors of future studies to include and document detailed risk assessments of the work environment, involve workers in solution design and implementation and consider how this process can be adapted during an emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektaria Nicolakakis
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Maude Lafantaisie
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Letellier
- Department of Public Health Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Integrated Health and Social Services Centre of Gaspésie, Gaspe, QC G4X 1A9, Canada
| | - Caroline Biron
- Department of Management, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michel Vézina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nathalie Jauvin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Maryline Vivion
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Scientific Valorisation and Quality, INSPQ, Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
| | - Mariève Pelletier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Toxicology, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Montreal, QC H2P 1E2, Canada
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García-Berná JA, Sobrino-Duque R, Carrillo de Gea JM, Nicolás J, Fernández-Alemán JL. Automated Workflow for Usability Audits in the PHR Realm. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158947. [PMID: 35897314 PMCID: PMC9368126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Teleworking is an everyday reality in today’s world. Many companies are opting for this way of working remotely, as it improves employers’ satisfaction along with the work–life balance and it does not lead to any significant reduction in performance. In general, the comfortable use of software applications is a priority, and quality aspects such as usability are of vital importance. In this paper, a novel workflow is proposed. It consists of the following components: (1) a tool to manage usability evaluations based on expert reviews, called Usevalia; (2) a set of heuristics to be considered when performing the evaluations; (3) a catalogue of usability requirements to guide the evaluations; (4) a checklist related to the heuristics to verify that the evaluations have been performed correctly by all the auditors; and (5) a set of tasks to know in advance the functionality of the applications to be audited. Personal health records (PHRs) were taken as a case study. This methodology made it possible to involve a total of 31 working groups that evaluated the usability of four PHRs. Concerning the main results, the evaluators agreed that with Usevalia the usability evaluations could go a step further because they are coordinated and can work together remotely. In addition, analyses of usability scores provided insight into current proposals for improving usability of applications.
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López-Pineda A, Carrillo I, Mula A, Guerra-Paiva S, Strametz R, Tella S, Vanhaecht K, Panella M, Knezevic B, Ungureanu MI, Srulovici E, Buttigieg SC, Skoumalová I, Sousa P, Mira J. Strategies for the Psychological Support of the Healthcare Workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The ERNST Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095529. [PMID: 35564924 PMCID: PMC9105489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementation of interventions to provide emotional and psychological support to healthcare workers in many countries. This ecological study aims to describe the strategies implemented in different countries to support healthcare professionals during the outbreak. Data were collected through an online survey about the measures to address the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers. Healthcare professionals, researchers, and academics were invited to respond to the survey. Fifty-six professionals from 35 countries contributed data to this study. Ten countries (28.6%) reported that they did not launch any national interventions. Both developed and developing countries launched similar initiatives. There was no relationship between the existence of any type of initiative in a country with the incidence, lethality, and mortality rates of the country due to COVID-19, and per capita income in 2020. The 24 h hotline for psychological support was the most frequent intervention. Tools for self-rescue by using apps or websites were extensively used, too. Other common interventions were the development of action protocols, availability of regular and updated information, implantation of distance learning systems, early detection of infection programs for professionals, economic reinforcements, hiring of staff reinforcement, and modification of leave and vacation dates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana López-Pineda
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (A.M.); (J.M.)
- Health Psychology Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Irene Carrillo
- Health Psychology Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Aurora Mula
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (A.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Sofia Guerra-Paiva
- Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (P.S.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Reinhard Strametz
- Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Science, 65183 Wiesbaden and German Coalition for Patient Safety, 10179 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Susanna Tella
- Faculty of Social Services and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland;
| | - Kris Vanhaecht
- Department of Quality, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Massimiliano Panella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Bojana Knezevic
- Department for Quality Assurance and Improvement in Healthcare, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Marius-Ionut Ungureanu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400376 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Center for Health Workforce Research and Policy, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400376 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Einav Srulovici
- The Cheryl Spencer Department of Nursing, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Sandra C. Buttigieg
- Department of Health Systems Management and Leadership, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Ivana Skoumalová
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Paulo Sousa
- Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.G.-P.); (P.S.)
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jose Mira
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (A.L.-P.); (A.M.); (J.M.)
- Health Psychology Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Richards HL, Eustace J, O' Dwyer A, Wormald A, Curtin Y, Fortune DG. Healthcare workers use of psychological support resources during COVID-19; a mixed methods approach utilising Pillar Integration Analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267458. [PMID: 35476796 PMCID: PMC9045652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to examine healthcare workers (HCWs) utilisation of formal and informal psychological support resources in the workplace during the first and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland. Methods A convergent mixed methods approach was undertaken. Four hundred and thirty HCWs in the Mid West and South of Ireland responded to an online survey in terms of their use of psychological support resources during Wave 1 (April/May 2020) of COVID-19. Thirty-nine HCWs undertook in depth interviews at Wave 3 (January/February 2021), and a further quantitative survey was distributed and completed by 278 HCWs at this time. Quantitative data arising at Wave 1 and Wave 3, were synthesised with Qualitative data collected at Wave 3. A Pillar Integration Process (PIP) was utilised in the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data. Results Five pillars were identified from the integration of results. These were: a) the primacy of peer support, b) the importance of psychologically informed management, c) a need to develop the organisational well-being ethos, d) support for all HCWs, and e) HCWs ideas for developing the well-being path. These pillars encapsulated a strong emphasis on collegial support, an emphasis on the need to support managers, a questioning of the current supports provided within the healthcare organisations and critical reflections on what HCWs viewed as most helpful for their future support needs. Conclusions HCWs who utilised supportive resources indicated ‘in house’ supports, primarily collegial resources, were the most frequently used and perceived as most helpful. While formal psychological supports were important, the mechanism by which such psychological support is made available, through utilising peer support structures and moving towards psychologically informed supervisors and workplaces is likely to be more sustainable and perceived more positively by HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Richards
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Joseph Eustace
- Department of Nephrology, Cork University Hospital and HRB Clinical Research Facility at University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amanda O' Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew Wormald
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yvonne Curtin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Dónal G Fortune
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Luo R, Guo P, Shang M, Cai Y, Huang J, He Y, Mo PK, Wu AM, Xu RD, Li J, Lau JT, Gu J. Psychological stress self-help interventions for healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19 in China: A randomized controlled trial protocol. Internet Interv 2022; 28:100541. [PMID: 35474759 PMCID: PMC9020502 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2022.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health emergencies may lead to severe psychological stress, especially for healthcare workers, including frontline healthcare workers and public health workers. However, few stress management interventions have been implemented for healthcare workers even though they require more comprehensive interventions than the general public. Self-Help Plus (SH+) is a novel psychological self-help intervention developed by the World Health Organization. It is accessible, scalable, and cost-effective and has the potential to be quickly applied to help people cope with stress and adversity. The major objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of SH+ interventions on the alleviation of stress levels and mental health problems among healthcare workers. METHODS A randomized controlled trial of SH+ will be conducted to investigate the stress level and mental health status of Chinese healthcare workers and control subjects in Guangzhou. Assessments will be performed before (baseline), at the end of (1 month), and 2 months after (3 months) the intervention. After completing the baseline screening questionnaire, eligible participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups in a 1:1 ratio by block randomization. During the 1-month intervention period, the intervention group will receive the SH+ intervention and the control group will receive information about mental health promotion. The intervention will be delivered by the research assistant via social media platforms. The primary outcome is the level of stress, which will be measured by a 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Secondary outcomes including mental health symptoms will also be collected. DISCUSSION Given the potential for multiple COVID-19 waves and other infectious disease pandemics in the future, we expect that SH+ will be an effective stress management intervention for healthcare workers. The findings from this study will facilitate the application of SH+, and the trial is expected to be extended to a larger population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, , No.74, Zhongshan second road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyue Guo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, , No.74, Zhongshan second road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menglin Shang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, , No.74, Zhongshan second road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, , No.74, Zhongshan second road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinying Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.283 Jianghai Avenue, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling He
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No.9, Jinsui road, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Phoenix K.H. Mo
- Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anise M.S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Roman Dong Xu
- Acacia Lab for Health Systems Strengthening and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, 1023 South Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, , No.74, Zhongshan second road, Guangzhou, China,Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,Corresponding author at: School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), 74# Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Joseph T.F. Lau
- Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong,The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China,Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, , No.74, Zhongshan second road, Guangzhou, China,Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health and Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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"Did You Bring It Home with You?" A Qualitative Investigation of the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Victorian Frontline Healthcare Workers and Their Families. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084897. [PMID: 35457765 PMCID: PMC9027899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding the physical and mental health impacts of frontline healthcare roles during the COVID-19 pandemic have been well documented, but the impacts on family functioning remain unclear. This study provides a unique contribution to the literature by considering the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on frontline healthcare workers and their families. Thirty-nine frontline healthcare workers from Victoria, Australia, who were parents to at least one child under 18 were interviewed. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Five superordinate and 14 subordinate themes were identified. Themes included more family time during lockdowns, but at a cost; changes in family responsibilities and routines; managing increased demands; healthcare workers hypervigilance and fear of bringing COVID-19 home to their family members; ways in which families worked to “get through it”. While efforts have been made by many healthcare organisations to support their workers during this challenging time, the changes in family functioning observed by participants suggest that more could be done for this vulnerable cohort, particularly with respect to family support.
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Imamura K, Sasaki N, Sekiya Y, Watanabe K, Sakuraya A, Matsuyama Y, Nishi D, Kawakami N. The Effect of the Imacoco Care Psychoeducation Website on Improving Psychological Distress Among Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e33883. [PMID: 35133972 PMCID: PMC8949678 DOI: 10.2196/33883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health among workers. Psychoeducational intervention via a website could be effective for primary prevention of mental illness among workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine the effect of a newly developed online psychoeducational website named Imacoco Care on reducing psychological distress and fear about COVID-19 infection among workers. METHODS Participants in the study were recruited from registered members of a web survey company in Japan. Participants who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group were invited to access the Imacoco Care program within a month after the baseline survey. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) scores were obtained at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. RESULTS A total of 1200 workers were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups (n=600 [50%] per group). The Imacoco Care intervention group showed a significant favorable effect on K6 scores (P=.03) with a small effect size (ES; Cohen d=-0.14) and an adverse effect on FCV-19S scores (P=.01) with a small ES (Cohen d=0.16) at 3-month follow-up. In the per protocol analysis (including only participants who had read the Imacoco Care content at least 1 time), the Imacoco Care intervention group also showed a significant favorable effect on reducing K6 scores (P=.03), while an adverse effect on FCV-19S scores was not significant (P=.06) in the intervention group at 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS A web-based psychoeducation approach may be effective for improving psychological distress among workers; however, it may be important not only to distribute information but also to encourage active engagement with the content of the program to prevent adverse effects of psychoeducational intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000042556; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000048548.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Imamura
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsu Sasaki
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sekiya
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Public Health, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Asuka Sakuraya
- Division of Public Health, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuyama
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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David E, DePierro JM, Marin DB, Sharma V, Charney DS, Katz CL. COVID-19 Pandemic Support Programs for Healthcare Workers and Implications for Occupational Mental Health: A Narrative Review. Psychiatr Q 2022; 93:227-247. [PMID: 34606067 PMCID: PMC8488324 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to summarize initiatives developed during the COVID-19 pandemic to support healthcare workers' emotional well-being within the context of a pre-existing framework of occupational mental health guidelines. This occupational mental health framework integrates principles from multiple disciplines to optimize prevention and management of mental health issues among employees. We conducted an online search on Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase for studies that reported on design or execution of medical institution-based interventions, aiming to support healthcare worker mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inclusion criteria was intentionally broad in order to incorporate as many types of interventions at varying stages of development or evaluation. We included 31 studies in our review that reported on newly designed psychological support interventions for healthcare workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that most programs commonly supported HCW mental health through offering one or more of the following initiatives: expanded basic need resources/services, additional workplace training programs that bolstered professional preparedness while also indirectly boosting HCW emotional health, and/or expanded psychological support programs, such as peer support programs, psychoeducational or counseling services. Most programs, however, did not consider methods to ensure program longevity or sustainability. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the acuity of HCW mental health issues and is likely to leave long lasting mental health strains among HCW. This pandemic is a critical point in time to catalyze much needed progress in reducing stigma and expanding HCW mental health care access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden David
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jonathan M DePierro
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deborah B Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanshdeep Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig L Katz
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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48
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Côté J, Aita M, Chouinard MC, Houle J, Lavoie-Tremblay M, Lessard L, Rouleau G, Gélinas C. Psychological distress, depression symptoms and fatigue among Quebec nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open 2022; 9:1744-1756. [PMID: 35199497 PMCID: PMC8994967 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To describe the state of health of Quebec nursing staff during the pandemic according to their exposure to COVID‐19, work‐related characteristics and sociodemographic factors (gender, generational age group). State of health was captured essentially by assessing psychological distress, depression symptoms and fatigue. Design and methods A large‐scale cross‐sectional study was conducted with 1,708 nurses and licenced practical nurses in Quebec (87% women, mean age of 41 ± 11 years). The survey included several questionnaires and validated health‐related scales (psychological distress, depression symptoms and fatigue). The STROBE guidelines were followed in reporting the study's findings. Results Results showed that the prevalence of psychological distress and depression symptoms was moderate to severe. Women, generation Xers and Yers, nurses who cared for COVID‐19 patients and those with a colleague who was infected with COVID‐19 at work scored higher for fatigue, psychological distress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Côté
- Faculté des Sciences Infirmières, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Research Chair in Innovative Nursing Practices, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Centre de Recherche, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyn Aita
- Faculté des Sciences Infirmières, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Hospital Pediatric Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Julie Houle
- Nursing Department, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada.,Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lavoie-Tremblay
- McGill University Ingram School of Nursing, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre of Research, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lily Lessard
- Université du Québec à Rimouski - Sciences de la santé, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Chair in Health and Social Services for Rural Populations, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, Sainte-Marie, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Rouleau
- Research Chair in Innovative Nursing Practices, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Centre de Recherche, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline Gélinas
- McGill University Ingram School of Nursing, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du l'Ouest-de-l'Île-de-Montréal du Québec, Centre for Nursing Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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49
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Schneiders ML, Naemiratch B, Cheah PK, Cuman G, Poomchaichote T, Ruangkajorn S, Stoppa S, Osterrieder A, Cheah PK, Ongkili D, Pan-ngum W, Mackworth-Young CRS, Cheah PY. The impact of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions on the lived experiences of people living in Thailand, Malaysia, Italy and the United Kingdom: A cross-country qualitative study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262421. [PMID: 35061789 PMCID: PMC8782407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study explores the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including social distancing, travel restrictions and quarantine, on lived experiences during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand (TH), Malaysia (MY), Italy (IT) and the United Kingdom (UK). A total of 86 interviews (TH: n = 28; MY: n = 18; IT: n = 20; UK: n = 20) were conducted with members of the public, including healthcare workers (n = 13). Participants across countries held strong views on government imposed NPIs, with many feeling measures lacked clarity. Most participants reported primarily negative impacts of NPIs on their lives, including through separation, isolation and grief over missed milestones; work-related challenges and income loss; and poor mental health and wellbeing. Nonetheless, many also experienced inadvertent positive consequences, including more time at home to focus on what they most valued in life; a greater sense of connectedness; and benefits to working life. Commonly employed coping strategies focused on financial coping (e.g. reducing spending); psycho-emotional coping (e.g. engaging in spiritual practices); social coping and connectedness (e.g., maintaining relationships remotely); reducing and mitigating risks (e.g., changing food shopping routines); and limiting exposure to the news (e.g., checking news only occasionally). Importantly, the extent to which participants' lived experiences were positive or negative, and their ability to cope was underpinned by individual, social and economic factors, with the analysis indicating some salient differences across countries and participants. In order to mitigate negative and unequal impacts of NPIs, COVID-19 policies will benefit from paying closer attention to the social, cultural and psychological-not just biological-vulnerabilities to, and consequences of public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira L. Schneiders
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Ethox Centre, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bhensri Naemiratch
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phaik Kin Cheah
- Faculty of Arts & Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Giulia Cuman
- Paediatric Ethics Committee; Research Ethics Committee, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tassawan Poomchaichote
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The SoNAR-Global Network, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supanat Ruangkajorn
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Anne Osterrieder
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Phee-Kheng Cheah
- Emergency and Trauma Department, Sabah Women and Children’s Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Darlene Ongkili
- Emergency and Trauma Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Wirichada Pan-ngum
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Phaik Yeong Cheah
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Ethox Centre, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The SoNAR-Global Network, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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50
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Spilg EG, Rushton CH, Phillips JL, Kendzerska T, Saad M, Gifford W, Gautam M, Bhatla R, Edwards JD, Quilty L, Leveille C, Robillard R. The new frontline: exploring the links between moral distress, moral resilience and mental health in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:19. [PMID: 34991514 PMCID: PMC8734541 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, confront healthcare workers (HCW) with increased exposure to potentially morally distressing events. The pandemic has provided an opportunity to explore the links between moral distress, moral resilience, and emergence of mental health symptoms in HCWs. METHODS A total of 962 Canadian healthcare workers (88.4% female, 44.6 + 12.8 years old) completed an online survey during the first COVID-19 wave in Canada (between April 3rd and September 3rd, 2020). Respondents completed a series of validated scales assessing moral distress, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms, and moral resilience. Respondents were grouped based on exposure to patients who tested positive for COVID-19. In addition to descriptive statistics and analyses of covariance, multiple linear regression was used to evaluate if moral resilience moderates the association between exposure to morally distressing events and moral distress. Factors associated with moral resilience were also assessed. FINDINGS Respondents working with patients with COVID-19 showed significantly more severe moral distress, anxiety, and depression symptoms (F > 5.5, p < .020), and a higher proportion screened positive for mental disorders (Chi-squared > 9.1, p = .002), compared to healthcare workers who were not. Moral resilience moderated the relationship between exposure to potentially morally distressing events and moral distress (p < .001); compared to those with higher moral resilience, the subgroup with the lowest moral resilience had a steeper cross-sectional worsening in moral distress as the frequency of potentially morally distressing events increased. Moral resilience also correlated with lower stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms (r > .27, p < .001). Factors independently associated with stronger moral resilience included: being male, older age, no mental disorder diagnosis, sleeping more, and higher support from employers and colleagues (B [0.02, |-0.26|]. INTERPRETATION Elevated moral distress and mental health symptoms in healthcare workers facing a global crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic call for the development of interventions promoting moral resilience as a protective measure against moral adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Spilg
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
| | - Cynda Hylton Rushton
- Berman Institute of Bioethics & School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 1809 Ashland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer L Phillips
- The University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Tetyana Kendzerska
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Mysa Saad
- The University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Wendy Gifford
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mamta Gautam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Rajiv Bhatla
- Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Jodi D Edwards
- Brain and Heart Nexus Research Program, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Room 101, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Lena Quilty
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1025 Queen Street, Toronto, Ontario, M6J 1H1, Canada
| | - Chloe Leveille
- The University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Rebecca Robillard
- The University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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