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Chang TM, Chen Y, Yang KD, Wang JY, Lin CY, Chang YJ, Chen CH, Tsai YG. Asthma control associated with anxiety and depression in asthmatic children following post-acute COVID-19. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14168. [PMID: 38873913 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor asthma control may adversely affect mental health. Our study investigates the correlation between inadequate asthma control, exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels, and anxiety and depression among pediatric asthma patients with COVID-19. METHODS This prospective case-control study enrolled 520 asthmatic children (8-15 years), including 336 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after rapid antigen testing at home and 184 age-matched asthmatic patients without COVID-19 infection. FENO and spirometry were performed 1 month after COVID-19 infection. Scores for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED) and depression screen derived from Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess their mental health status. Childhood asthma control test (C-ACT), FENO levels, and spirometry were correlated with the SCARED and PHQ-9 questionnaires. RESULTS SCARED subscales, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, school avoidance, and depression scores from PHQ-9, exhibited a significant increase in asthmatic patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (p < .05). Among asthmatic children with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the poor asthma control group exhibited the highest SCARED and PHQ-9 measurements (p < .01). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that reduced C-ACT scores and elevated FENO levels in asthmatic children with COVID-19 were significant risk factors for both anxiety and depression scores (p < .05). Lower C-ACT scales were associated with high scores of SCARED (r = -0.471) and PHQ-9 (r = -0.329) in asthmatic children (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The current study emphasizes the need for healthcare professionals to closely monitor asthma control in asthmatic children to prevent heightened risks of depression and anxiety during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Ming Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Child Development Center, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun Chen
- Child Development Center, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Kuender D Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Allergy, Immunology, and Microbiome (A.I.M.) Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Lin
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Immunological Center, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jun Chang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Big Data Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hua Chen
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Giien Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kaynak H, Denizci Nazlıgül M, Cengil BB. Your Need for Cognition, Cognitive Flexibility, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Matter! The Path beyond a Satisfied Life. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38754091 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2024.2352730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explored the associations among cognitive flexibility, cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies, need for cognition, and life satisfaction, which represents a cognitive component of subjective well-being. Previous studies have shown the importance of adaptive CER strategies for well-being, while maladaptive strategies have been linked to negative outcomes such as psychological distress, depression, and anxiety. Additionally, the need for cognition has been associated with cognitive flexibility and positive outcomes in various domains. However, the specific roles of cognitive flexibility and CER strategies in the relationship between need for cognition and life satisfaction remain relatively unexplored in the existing literature. This study aimed to address this gap by investigating how cognitive flexibility and different CER strategies contribute to the relationship between need for cognition and life satisfaction in a non-clinical sample of 239 adults via a survey consisting of a demographic information form, need for cognition scale, cognitive flexibility inventory, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, and satisfaction with life scale. The results demonstrated that when individuals with a high need for cognition had cognitive flexibility, they were more likely to use adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, resulting in elevated life satisfaction. The findings of this study may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms that influence individuals' cognitive processes, cognitive emotional regulation, and overall life satisfaction. Such understanding can have implications for interventions aimed at enhancing cognitive flexibility, promoting adaptive CER strategies, and ultimately fostering improved life satisfaction.
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Ramos ML, Zhou AM, Lytle MN, Myruski S, Pérez-Edgar K, Buss KA. Interactions among stress, behavioral inhibition, and delta-beta coupling predict adolescent anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22485. [PMID: 38483054 PMCID: PMC11000197 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about unprecedented changes and uncertainty to the daily lives of youth. The range of adjustment in light of a near-universal experience of COVID restrictions highlights the importance of identifying factors that may render some individuals more susceptible to heightened levels of anxiety during stressful life events than others. Two risk factors to consider are temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) and difficulties in emotion regulation (ER). As such, the current paper focused on BI examined prior to COVID, because of its developmental link to anxiety and ER, as difficulties may be associated with differences in anxiety. We examined a neurocognitive marker of ER processes, delta-beta coupling (DBC). The current paper had two goals: (1) to examine BI in relation to COVID-related worry and social anxiety experienced during the pandemic, and (2) to explore the role of individual differences in early DBC in the relationship between BI and anxiety outcomes 6 months apart during COVID-19 (n = 86; T1 Mage = 15.95, SD = 1.73; T6 Mage = 16.43, SD = 1.73). We found support for the moderating role of DBC in the relationship between BI levels and social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptom severity during the pandemic. Here, high BI was predictive of increased SAD symptom levels in adolescents with stronger DBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Ramos
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna M Zhou
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marisa N Lytle
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah Myruski
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Koraly Pérez-Edgar
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristin A Buss
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Siette J, Ludlow K, Dodds L, Strutt P, Wuthrich V. "Provided a window on the world and lessened my feeling of isolation": older adults' perceived COVID-19 impact and technology use in Australia during recurrent lockdowns. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:206. [PMID: 38419001 PMCID: PMC10900585 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An informed understanding of older adults' perceptions of the impact (positive or negative) of recurrent COVID-19 long lockdowns is important for the development of targeted interventions and resources for future restrictions. This study aimed to understand self-reported impacts of COVID-19 recurrent restrictions on older adults and how technology has been used to mitigate these. METHODS A cross-sectional national study of 257 community-dwelling older Australians based in Victoria (mean age = 67.6 years [SD = 7.2]; 20.6% male) completed an online or postal survey as part of a larger study examining the physical and mental health impacts of a second extended COVID-19 lockdown period. This secondary analysis reports on the findings from free-text responses to two open-ended questions included in that survey that asked participants to comment on the greatest impacts of the COVID-19 lockdowns (positive or negative) and the role of technology in supporting their wellbeing during this time. Responses were collected between July and September 2020. Data were analysed using content (COVID-19 impacts) and thematic (role of technology) analysis. RESULTS Respondents gave more negative responses (75.5%) than mixed (15.2%) and positive responses (6.2%) in reporting on the biggest impact of COVID-19 lockdowns. Inductive content analysis revealed two first-order main categories (Positive impacts and Negative impacts). Axial coding of main categories showed five second-order categories (Environmental, Physical Health, Social, Mental Health, and Personal) for both negative and positive main categories (totalling 10 second-order categories). Overall, respondents highlighted social loss as the key negative experience (70%), with acute feelings of social isolation contributing to negative impacts on mental wellbeing. The most commonly reported positive impact reported (11%) was having more time for relationships, relaxation, and new hobbies. Technology was primarily used to sustain socialisation and provide access to essential resources, services, and goods, which respondents perceived to contribute to maintaining their wellbeing. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest a critical need for interventions that address the social loss experienced by older adults during COVID-19 recurrent lockdowns, particularly to alleviate the associated negative impact on mental wellbeing. Recognising the positive aspect of increased time for relationships and leisure activities indicates potential areas for resilience-building strategies. The pivotal role of technology in mitigating adverse effects highlights its significance in building social connections and supporting overall wellbeing during challenging times. These implications can guide future efforts to enhance older adults' resilience, mental health, and holistic wellbeing in future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Siette
- The MARCS Centre for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia.
| | - Kristiana Ludlow
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, the University of Queensland, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Laura Dodds
- The MARCS Centre for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Paul Strutt
- The MARCS Centre for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
- Lifespan Health Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Viviana Wuthrich
- Lifespan Health Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
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Hasani J, Emadi Chashmi SJ, Zakiniaeiz Y, Potenza MN. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire-short (CERQ-P-short): Reliability, validity, factor structure, treatment sensitivity, and measurement invariance. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:1-10. [PMID: 38096672 PMCID: PMC11131131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a widely-used measure of emotion regulation, the short version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-short), in the Persian language (CERQ-P-short) among Iranian populations. METHODS The CERQ-P-short was administered to 1825 participants (female = 974) including 436 adolescents, 834 adults from the general population, 45 patients each with generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, an additional 30 patients each with generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders receiving treatment, 45 patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) and an additional 360 adult psychiatric patients. We tested reliability, factor structure, measurement invariance, convergent and discriminant validity, and treatment sensitivity (i.e., intervention response) by age, sex, and diagnostic group. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was also administered. RESULTS Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest coefficients suggested good reliability. Fit indices suggested that the 9-factor CERQ-P-Short model was good across groups. The CERQ-P-Short showed good measurement invariance in all four models (configural, metric, scalar, and strict) in all groups. Both adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion-regulation strategies demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. Finally, treatment sensitivity of the CERQ-P-Short scale before and after the completion of treatment sessions was suggested for patients with generalized anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. CONCLUSIONS While the present study has some limitations, it represents a significant contribution because it supports CERQ-P-Short scales usefulness, validity, and reliability in the general population and among psychiatric patients. The results of the current study can be beneficial to the both clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Hasani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, The Child Study Center and the Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
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Schwartz CE, Borowiec K, Li Y, Rapkin BD. Individual differences in the long-term impact of the pandemic: moderators of COVID-related hardship, worry, and social support. Qual Life Res 2024:10.1007/s11136-023-03573-0. [PMID: 38183562 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding people's response to the pandemic needs to consider individual differences in priorities and concerns. The present study sought to understand how individual differences in cognitive-appraisal processes might moderate the impact of three COVID-specific factors-hardship, worry, and social support-on reported depression. METHODS This longitudinal study of the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic included 771 people with data at three timepoints over 15.5 months. Participants were recruited from panels of chronically ill or general population samples. Depression was measured by an item response theory validated depression index created using items from existing measures that reflected similar content to the Patient Health Questionnaire-8. COVID-specific factors of hardship, worry, and social support were assessed with items compiled by the National Institutes of Health. The Quality of Life Appraisal Profilev2 Short-Form assessed cognitive appraisal processes. A series of random effects models examined whether appraisal moderated the effects of hardship, worry, and social support on depression over time. RESULTS Over time the association between low social support and depression was greater (p = 0.0181). Emphasizing the negative was associated with exacerbated depression, in particular for those with low social support (p = 0.0007). Focusing on demands and habituation was associated with exacerbated depression unless one experienced greater hardship (p = 0.0074). There was a stronger positive connection between recent changes and depression for those people with higher worry scores early in the pandemic as compared to later, but a stronger positive correlation for those with lower worry scores later in the pandemic (p = 0.0015). Increased endorsement of standards of comparison, emphasizing the negative, problem goals, and health goals was associated with worse depression scores (all p < 0.0001). People who were younger, disabled, or had greater difficulty paying bills also reported worse depression (p < 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION At the aggregate level, COVID-specific stressors changed over the course of the pandemic, whereas depression and social-support resources seemed stable. However, deeper analysis revealed substantial individual differences. Cognitive-appraisal processes showed considerable variability across individuals and moderated the impact of COVID-specific stressors and resources over time. Future work is needed to investigate whether coaching individuals away from maladaptive cognitive-appraisal processes can reduce depression and lead to better overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Schwartz
- DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, USA.
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Katrina Borowiec
- DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, USA
- Department of Measurement, Evaluation, Statistics, & Assessment, Boston College Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Yuelin Li
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce D Rapkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Fonseca-Baeza S, García-Alandete J, Marco JH, Pérez Rodríguez S, Baños RM, Guillén V. Difficulties in emotional regulation mediates the impact of burden on quality of life and mental health in a sample of family members of people diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1270379. [PMID: 38054179 PMCID: PMC10694221 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1270379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although it has been suggested that family members of persons suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) endure high levels of burden, however, the process and the impact of this burden in their lives, and specifically the relation between the burden and emotional regulation has not been broadly investigated among this population. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of burden on quality of life and depression, anxiety and stress, as mediated by difficulties in emotional regulation in family members of persons diagnosed with BPD. Method Participants were 167 family members of persons diagnosed with BPD. The Burden Assessment Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Multicultural Quality of Life Index, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were filled out. Mediation analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood estimator, bootstrap method and listwise deletion for missing data. Results Burden showed a significant, negative effect on quality of life and positive on depression, anxiety and stress. Difficulties in emotion regulation significantly mediated these relations. After accounting for the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation, burden still had an impact on quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress. Women showed a higher level in both burden and stress than men. The caregivers with secondary and higher studies showed higher levels in burden than those with no studies. Not significant differences in burden, emotion regulation, depression, anxiety and stress were found related to marital status. Conclusion Difficulties in emotion regulation mediate the relations between burden and quality of life, depression, anxiety, and stress. Family members could engage in group interventions designed specifically for family members of people with BPD, oriented toward understanding the disorder or learning skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fonseca-Baeza
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Alandete
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Heliodoro Marco
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez Rodríguez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Guillén
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
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Wang Y, Guang Z, Zhang J, Han L, Zhang R, Chen Y, Chen Q, Liu Z, Gao Y, Wu R, Wang S. Effect of Sleep Quality on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among College Students in China's Xizang Region: The Mediating Effect of Cognitive Emotion Regulation. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:861. [PMID: 37887511 PMCID: PMC10603987 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, there are significant links between sleep quality, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and cognitive emotion regulation. This research examines how sleep quality affects anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as the potential of cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) to moderate the impact of sleep quality on these symptoms. METHODS The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) were all completed online by students from two colleges in China's Xizang region. RESULTS The study included 4325 subjects. The prevalence of poor sleep quality, anxiety symptoms, and depression symptoms was 45.69%, 36.81%, and 51.86%, respectively. We observed significant direct effects on poor sleep and severity of anxiety/depression: c'1 = 0.586 (0. 544-0.628), and c'2 = 0.728 (0.683-0.773). Adaptive CERS only had a mediating effect on the relationship between sleep quality and depression symptoms, with a1b3 = -0.005 (-0.011--0.001). The link between poor sleep quality and the intensity of anxiety and depression was significantly affected by the indirect effects of maladaptive CERS: effect a2b2 = 0.126 (0.106-0.147), and effect a2b4 = 0.145 (0.123-0.167). CONCLUSIONS Individuals who experience poor sleep quality are more likely to have increased levels of anxiety and depression. However, enhancing sleep quality led to a decrease in anxiety and depression levels. Adaptive CERS did not predict anxiety, but they did predict depression. Multiple maladaptive CERS could increase levels of anxiety and depression. To prevent mental stress, it is crucial to examine sleep problems among college students, understand their cognitive strategies, promote the adoption of adaptive CERS, and reduce the reliance on maladaptive CERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Zixuan Guang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Lixin Han
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710049, China
- Disease Control and Prevention Division, Shaanxi Provincial Health Commission, No.112 Lianhu Road, Xi’an 710003, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yichun Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenjia Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Sullivan EC, James E, Henderson LM, McCall C, Cairney SA. The influence of emotion regulation strategies and sleep quality on depression and anxiety. Cortex 2023; 166:286-305. [PMID: 37451185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for a number of mental health disorders, including depression and pathological anxiety. Adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies (i.e. positively-focused thought processes) can help to prevent psychiatric disturbance when enduring unpleasant and stressful experiences, but little is known about the inter-individual factors that govern their success. Sleep plays an important role in mental health, and may moderate the effectiveness of adaptive CER strategies by maintaining the executive functions on which they rely. In this study, we carried out a secondary analysis of self-reported mental health and sleep data acquired during a protracted and naturally-occurring stressor - the COVID-19 pandemic - to firstly test the hypothesis that adaptive CER strategy use is associated with positive mental health outcomes and secondly, that the benefits of adaptive CER strategy use for mental health are contingent on high-quality sleep. Using established self-report tools, participants estimated their depression (N = 551) and anxiety (N = 590)2 levels, sleep quality and tendency to engage in adaptive and maladaptive CER strategies during the Spring and Autumn of 2020. Using a linear mixed modelling approach, we found that greater use of adaptive CER strategies and higher sleep quality were independently associated with lower self-reported depression and anxiety. However, adaptive CER strategy use was not a significant predictor of self-reported anxiety when accounting for sleep quality in our final model. The positive influence of adaptive CER strategy use on depression was observed at different levels of sleep quality. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive CER strategy use and good sleep quality in promoting resilience to depression and anxiety when experiencing chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma James
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa-Marie Henderson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cade McCall
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Scott A Cairney
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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Kreibig SD, Ten Brink M, Mehta A, Talmon A, Zhang JX, Brown AS, Lucas-Griffin SS, Axelrod AK, Manber R, Lavigne GJ, Gross JJ. The Role of Emotion Regulation, Affect, and Sleep in Individuals With Sleep Bruxism and Those Without: Protocol for a Remote Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e41719. [PMID: 37616042 PMCID: PMC10485716 DOI: 10.2196/41719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep bruxism (SB) is an oral behavior characterized by high levels of repetitive jaw muscle activity during sleep, leading to teeth grinding and clenching, and may develop into a disorder. Despite its prevalence and negative outcomes on oral health and quality of life, there is currently no cure for SB. The etiology of SB remains poorly understood, but recent research suggests a potential role of negative emotions and maladaptive emotion regulation (ER). OBJECTIVE This study's primary aim investigates whether ER is impaired in individuals with SB, while controlling for affective and sleep disturbances. The secondary aim tests for the presence of cross-sectional and longitudinal mediation pathways in the bidirectional relationships among SB, ER, affect, and sleep. METHODS The study used a nonrandomized repeated-measures observational design and was conducted remotely. Participants aged 18-49 years underwent a 14-day ambulatory assessment. Data collection was carried out using electronic platforms. We assessed trait and state SB and ER alongside affect and sleep variables. We measured SB using self-reported trait questionnaires, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) for real-time reports of SB behavior, and portable electromyography for multinight assessment of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity. We assessed ER through self-reported trait questionnaires, EMA for real-time reports of ER strategies, and heart rate variability derived from an electrocardiography wireless physiological sensor as an objective physiological measure. Participants' trait affect and real-time emotional experiences were obtained using self-reported trait questionnaires and EMA. Sleep patterns and quality were evaluated using self-reported trait questionnaires and sleep diaries, as well as actigraphy as a physiological measure. For the primary objective, analyses will test for maladaptive ER in terms of strategy use frequency and effectiveness as a function of SB using targeted contrasts in the general linear model. Control analyses will be conducted to examine the persistence of the SB-ER relationship after adjusting for affective and sleep measures, as well as demographic variables. For the secondary objective, cross-sectional and longitudinal mediation analyses will test various competing models of directional effects among self-reported and physiological measures of SB, ER, affect, and sleep. RESULTS This research received funding in April 2017. Data collection took place from August 2020 to March 2022. In all, 237 participants were eligible and completed the study. Data analysis has not yet started. CONCLUSIONS We hope that the effort to thoroughly measure SB and ER using gold standard methods and cutting-edge technology will advance the knowledge of SB. The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the relationship among SB, ER, affect, and sleep disturbances. By identifying the role of ER in SB, the results may pave the way for the development of targeted interventions for SB management to alleviate the pain and distress of those affected. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/41719.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia D Kreibig
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Maia Ten Brink
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ashish Mehta
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anat Talmon
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jin-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alan S Brown
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Ariel K Axelrod
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Manber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gilles J Lavigne
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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11
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Haver A, Krampe H, Danbolt LJ, Stålsett G, Schnell T. Emotion regulation moderates the association between COVID-19 stress and mental distress: findings on buffering, exacerbation, and gender differences in a cross-sectional study from Norway. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1121986. [PMID: 38427783 PMCID: PMC10325689 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maintaining good mental health is important during a crisis. However, little attention has been given to how people achieve this, or how they evaluate emotions associated with stressors, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to (1) investigate whether emotion regulation, in particular cognitive reappraisal and suppression, moderates the relationship between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress and (2) examine gender differences in the interrelations between COVID-19 stress, emotion regulation, and mental distress. Methods Data from a population in Norway (n = 1.225) were collected using a cross-sectional survey during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Scale (ERQ), COVID-19 stress with the COVID-19 Stress Scale, and mental distress with the Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4). Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. Results There was a strong association between COVID-19 stress and general mental distress (r = 0.61). The moderation analyses showed substantial moderation effects of cognitive reappraisal and suppression on the relationship between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Cognitive reappraisal served as a buffer (p = 0.001) and suppression (p = 0.002) exacerbated the relation between COVID-19 stress and mental distress. Men had higher scores of suppression (p < 0.001), and women had higher scores of cognitive reappraisal (p = 0.025). The buffering effect of cognitive reappraisal presented itself only in women (p < 0.001), while the exacerbation effect of suppression appeared only in men (p < 0.001). Conclusion The current study suggests that COVID-19 pandemic-related stress is easier to deal with for those who have the tendency to cognitively reappraise. In contrast, suppression is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety. The prevention of mental distress can be supported by guiding people about the importance of using healthy emotion regulation strategies, as well as helping them to become more aware of the way they interpret and regulate their emotions. Gender differences in emotion regulation suggest gender awareness, e.g., tailored programs for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Haver
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Norwegian School of Hotel Management, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- School of Psychology, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Krampe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Johan Danbolt
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychology of Religion, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Gry Stålsett
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway
| | - Tatjana Schnell
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Religion and Society, Majorstuen, Oslo, Norway
- Existential Psychology Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria
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12
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Lanz M, Caliciuri R, Iafrate R, Regalia C, Rosnati R, Sorgente A. Covid-Related Stress in the Financial, Relational and Health Domains. Which Longitudinal Effects on Present and Future Perception? Psychol Rep 2023:332941231161790. [PMID: 36872891 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231161790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
While pre-covid literature about stress has indicated the importance of studying domain-specific stress, studies conducted during the pandemic have investigated covid-related stress as a monodimensional construct. The current study aimed to assess the impact that covid-related stress in three domains (financial, relational, health) had on individuals' psychological well-being and future anxiety. Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether the relationship among variables changed during the different phases of the pandemic as well as whether age moderated those relationships. Data were collected from 4185 Italian participants (55.4% female) aged 18-90 years (M = 46.10; SD = 13.47) at three waves: April 2020 (time 1), July 2020 (time 2), May 2021 (time 3). A cross-lagged panel model was run in Mplus. Results indicated that the financial domain is the life domain within which people are most worried during the pandemic, as it had the strongest impact on both psychological well-being and future anxiety. Having high levels of psychological well-being at time t served as a protective factor, as it was negatively related to any kinds of stress as well as to future anxiety at time t+1. These relationships among variables were stable over the course of the pandemic. Finally, we found significant age differences in the mean level for all variables under investigation, where young adults were the group with the highest level of stress and future anxiety as well as the lowest level of psychological well-being. Despite these differences in the variables' level, the relationships between variables were invariant across age groups. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Lanz
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Caliciuri
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Iafrate
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Camillo Regalia
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa Rosnati
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
- Family Studies and Research University Centre, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | - Angela Sorgente
- Department of Psychology, 9371Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
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13
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Chrzan-Dętkoś M, Walczak-Kozłowska T. Postpartum depression crisis since the second lockdown and 'screening paradox': many women identified, very few treated. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2387. [PMID: 36539811 PMCID: PMC9763806 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to stressful situations, such as emergencies, infectious diseases, and natural disasters, may lead to a heightened risk of perinatal mental health problems. Declared on March 11th, 2020, the global COVID-19 pandemic triggered an additional burden on women in the perinatal period. Safety recommendations, such as social distancing and isolation, were opposite to the usual advice given to new mothers. Besides fear, changes in financial stability and daily life reorganization contributed to increased depressive symptoms. As the periods of epidemic waves and lockdowns were associated with a more significant burden for young families, we aimed to assess the intensification of depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic concerning the time intervals of the three lockdowns introduced in Poland. METHODS 1588 postpartum women took part in the online self-assessment with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and General Anxiety Disorder 2 (GAD-2) questionnaire between January 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021. This self-screening is a part of a prevention program The Next Stop: Mum, implemented in the North of Poland. RESULTS The highest severity of PPD symptoms and anxiety were observed during the second lockdown in Poland: the mean score in the EPDS and anxiety assessment was significantly higher than the mean scores from previous pandemic periods. Since the second lockdown, the average EPDS and GAD-2 scores remained similarly high. Moreover, with the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, the percentage of women with elevated symptoms of postpartum depression and anxiety began to increase. However, the Polish National Health Fund data indicate that only 0,7% of women giving birth in the northern macro-region of Poland received diagnosis and help from public funds. In The Next Stop: Mum project, 250 women benefited from psychological consultations. CONCLUSION Increased severity of depression and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic indicates the need for additional psychological support for postpartum women. However, very few women are diagnosed in health facilities in the first year postpartum and thus are rarely referred for further treatment. The study shows that the availability of services and the focus on social and individual barriers may be critical factors in implementing perinatal mental health programs and practices. This may be especially needed in a country where the screening obligation is new. In case of a further pandemic, policymakers and health care professionals should be aware that the duration of the restrictions and the repetition of lockdowns are associated with the aggravation of symptoms. The online screening without the possibility to discuss the results is only partially effective in increasing referrals for possibly affected women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chrzan-Dętkoś
- grid.8585.00000 0001 2370 4076Division of Developmental Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Department of the Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tamara Walczak-Kozłowska
- grid.8585.00000 0001 2370 4076Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, Department of the Social Sciences, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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14
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Can G, Candemir G, Satici SA. Emotion regulation and subjective wellbeing among Turkish population: the mediating role of COVID-19 fear. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36345547 PMCID: PMC9631591 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We examined fear of COVID-19 as a mediator of the relationship between emotion regulation (suppression, reappraisal) and subjective wellbeing. In this cross-sectional study, 1,014 Turkish individuals completed assessments of positive affect, negative affect, satisfaction with life, emotion regulation (suppression, reappraisal), and fear of COVID-19. Network analysis revealed that all variables were associated with each other. Structural equation modelling indicated that greater suppression was associated with greater fear of COVID-19 and less subjective wellbeing. Greater reappraisal was associated with less fear of COVID-19 and greater subjective wellbeing. In addition greater suppression was associated with less subjective well-being and greater reappraisal was associated with greater subjective well-being. Mediation analyses demonstrated that fear of COVID-19 partially mediated the relationship between suppression, reappraisal and subjective wellbeing. Findings expand our understanding of the link between emotion regulation and subjective wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurhan Can
- Department of Psychological Counselling, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Gulsah Candemir
- Psychological Counseling, Ministry of National Education, Osmaniye, Türkiye
| | - Seydi Ahmet Satici
- Department of Psychological Counselling, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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15
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Frondozo CE, Mendoza NB, Dizon JIWT, Buenconsejo JU. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Short Specific to the COVID-19 Pandemic. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2022.2102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherry E. Frondozo
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Norman B. Mendoza
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Ian Wilzon T. Dizon
- Bau Institute of Medical and Health Sciences Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines
| | - Jet U. Buenconsejo
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Yagil D, Cohen M. Financial Uncertainty and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved many uncertainties, including financial uncertainty due to the global financial crisis. Previous research indicates that financial uncertainty is negatively related to mental health and wellbeing. Aims: We tested a model suggesting that the negative impact of financial uncertainty is explained by a restriction of individuals’ view of their future possibilities. Specifically, this longitudinal study explored the relationship of financial uncertainty and anxiety, considering the mediating role of future orientation. Method: Data were collected with questionnaires administered to Israeli citizens in April, June and August 2020. Data analysis comprised 379 respondents who participated in all three times. Results: Future orientation mediated the relationship of financial uncertainty and anxiety over time. Tests of changes across time show that changes in financial uncertainty were related to changes in anxiety levels over time. Limitations: Our sample was biased toward younger ages and the measurement of future orientation referred to a general view of the future rather than specific areas. Conclusion: The results suggest that the stressor of financial uncertainty is generalized to a negative view of future possibilities, thereby increasing anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Yagil
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
| | - Miri Cohen
- School of Social Work, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
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17
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Mousavi ZA, Lai J, Simon K, Rivera AP, Yunusova A, Hu S, Labbaf S, Jafarlou S, Dutt ND, Jain RC, Rahmani AM, Borelli JL. Sleep Patterns and Affect Dynamics Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Intensive Longitudinal Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e33964. [PMID: 35816447 PMCID: PMC9359303 DOI: 10.2196/33964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Sleep disturbance is a transdiagnostic risk factor that is so prevalent among young adults that it is considered a public health epidemic, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep may contribute to mental health via affect dynamics. Prior literature on the contribution of sleep to affect is largely based on correlational studies or experiments that do not generalize to the daily lives of young adults. Furthermore, the literature examining the associations between sleep variability and affect dynamics remains scant.
Objective
In an ecologically valid context, using an intensive longitudinal design, we aimed to assess the daily and long-term associations between sleep patterns and affect dynamics among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
College student participants (N=20; female: 13/20, 65%) wore an Oura ring (Ōura Health Ltd) continuously for 3 months to measure sleep patterns, such as average and variability in total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency, and sleep onset latency (SOL), resulting in 1173 unique observations. We administered a daily ecological momentary assessment by using a mobile health app to evaluate positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and COVID-19 worry once per day.
Results
Participants with a higher sleep onset latency (b=−1.09, SE 0.36; P=.006) and TST (b=−0.15, SE 0.05; P=.008) on the prior day had lower PA on the next day. Further, higher average TST across the 3-month period predicted lower average PA (b=−0.36, SE 0.12; P=.009). TST variability predicted higher affect variability across all affect domains. Specifically, higher variability in TST was associated higher PA variability (b=0.09, SE 0.03; P=.007), higher negative affect variability (b=0.12, SE 0.05; P=.03), and higher COVID-19 worry variability (b=0.16, SE 0.07; P=.04).
Conclusions
Fluctuating sleep patterns are associated with affect dynamics at the daily and long-term scales. Low PA and affect variability may be potential pathways through which sleep has implications for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Avah Mousavi
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jocelyn Lai
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Katharine Simon
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Alexander P Rivera
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Asal Yunusova
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sirui Hu
- Department of Economics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sina Labbaf
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Salar Jafarlou
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nikil D Dutt
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ramesh C Jain
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amir M Rahmani
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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18
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Yong X, Zhang L. COVID-19 Worry and Mental Health Among the Economically Active Population in Guangdong, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:882177. [PMID: 35586016 PMCID: PMC9108278 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.882177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused people to worry, which has affected their mental health. This study aimed to access the impact of COVID-19 worry on the mental health of the economically active population (EAP) in a province of China. Methods An online cross-sectional survey study was conducted during an outbreak of COVID-19 in Guangdong, China. The survey used the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to evaluate participants' mental health status and was completed by 1,584 of the 1,708 participants (a response rate of 92.74%). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models were used to identify the correlation between COVID-19 worry and mental health. Results Approximately 42.05% of participants reported that they were very worried or extremely worried about the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 worry was negatively correlated with mental health (p < 0.01) and exhibited a stronger influence on the mental health of participants who were male, younger (aged 16–45), or unemployed than on the mental health of participants who were women, older (aged over 45), or employed. Conclusion The findings suggest that COVID-19 worry has generated new inequalities in mental health among the EAP of China. The government should provide more public reassurance and psychological support to the EAP to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 worry and prevent mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yong
- School of Public Administration, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Economics and Trade, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhang
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19
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Self-Compassion as a Moderator of the Association Between COVID-19 Stressors and Psychological Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adverse psychological outcomes for many around the globe. Less is known however regarding dispositional traits that may protect against negative psychological outcomes. This study examined the prospective association between COVID-19 stressors and psychological symptoms, and whether self-compassion (referring to a dispositional tendency of relating to oneself kindly) would moderate this association. A convenience sample of 212 university students and working adults (60.4% female; Mage = 20.92 years) based in Singapore completed measures assessing COVID-19 stressors (perceived COVID-19 health risk, economic impact, and impact on daily life), psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms), and self-compassion 2 months apart. Results indicated that perceived COVID-19 health risk at baseline predicted anxiety symptoms 2 months later, above and beyond baseline anxiety symptoms. Self-compassion moderated the association between perceived COVID-19 health risk and depressive symptoms, and the relationship between perceived impact on daily life and anxiety symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of self-compassion in alleviating psychological symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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20
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Dimanova P, Borbás R, Schnider CB, Fehlbaum LV, Raschle NM. Prefrontal Cortical Thickness, Emotion Regulation Strategy use and Covid-19 Mental Health. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:877-889. [PMID: 35257168 PMCID: PMC8992300 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated restrictions have been linked to negative mental health outcomes across the globe. Cognitive emotion regulation strategies, neurally supported by prefrontal and limbic regions, constitute means to mitigate negative affects resulting from adverse life experiences. Variations in cognitive emotion regulation strategy use, anxiety, and depression were assessed in 43 adults (31♀/12♂, age = 35.14 ± 9.20 years) during the first months following COVID-19 onset and at the end of 2020 (seven assessments). Direct and indirect effects of emotion regulatory brain structures assessed prior to the pandemic and emotion regulation strategy use during the pandemic were assessed in relation to mental well-being. Varying levels of anxiety and depression were observed. While adaptive emotion regulation strategies were most frequently employed, maladaptive strategies explained the highest variation in anxiety and depression scores. The effectiveness of specific emotion regulation strategies varied. Momentary emotion regulation strategy use mediated the association between cortical thickness in right lateral prefrontal cortex assessed prior to the pandemic and mental health during the pandemic. Early mental health measures impacted later mental well-being. Maladaptive strategies have a negative effect on mental health during prolonged stress as induced by pandemics, providing possible targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamina Dimanova
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Réka Borbás
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Psychiatric Clinic and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lynn Valérie Fehlbaum
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Psychiatric Clinic and University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nora Maria Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland.,University Psychiatric Clinic and University of Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Waterschoot J, Morbée S, Vermote B, Brenning K, Flamant N, Vansteenkiste M, Soenens B. Emotion regulation in times of COVID-19: A person-centered approach based on self-determination theory. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-15. [PMID: 35039734 PMCID: PMC8754525 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 crisis is a worldwide threat to individuals' physical health and psychological well-being, not all people are equally susceptible to increased ill-being. One potentially important factor in individuals' vulnerability (versus resilience) to ill-being in the face of stress is emotion regulation. On the basis of Self-Determination Theory, this study examined the role of three emotion regulation styles in individuals' mental health during the COVID-19 crisis, that is, integration, suppression, and dysregulation. Participants were 6584 adults (77% female, M age = 45.16 years) who filled out well-validated measures of emotion regulation, depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, and sleep quality. To examine naturally occurring combinations of emotion regulation strategies, hierarchical k-means clustering was performed, yielding 3 profiles: (a) low scores on all strategies (indicating rather low overall levels of worry; 27%), (b) high scores on integration only (41%), and (c) high scores on suppression and dysregulation (32%). Participants in the profiles scoring high on suppression and dysregulation displayed a less favorable pattern of outcomes (high ill-being, low life satisfaction, and poorer sleep quality) compared to the other two groups. Between-cluster differences remained significant even when taking into account the corona-related worries experienced by people. Overall, the findings underscore the important role of emotion regulation in individuals' mental health during mentally challenging periods such as the COVID-19 crisis. Practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Waterschoot
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Morbée
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Branko Vermote
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrijn Brenning
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Flamant
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Vansteenkiste
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Yu Y, Lau MMC, Lau JTF. Working from home and positive/negative experiences due to social distancing as interacting factors of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Chinese general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1235-1246. [PMID: 34727203 PMCID: PMC8561085 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the associations between some factors related to working from home status (WFHS) and positive/negative experiences due to social distancing and their interactions effects on depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A random population-based telephone survey interviewed income-earning adults in the Hong Kong general population during April 21-28, 2020 (n = 200). RESULTS Mild to severe depression (according to PHQ-9) was reported by 12% of the participants. The prevalence of WFHS categories was 14% for 3-7 days and 13% for ≥ 8 days (past 2 weeks). The multivariable regression analysis showed that, social isolation (β = 0.36; p < 0.001), relaxation feeling in daily life (β = - 0.22; p = 0.002), and WFHS ≥ 8 days (β = 0.15; p = 0.027), but not perceived huge inconvenience and improved family relationship, were associated with depressive symptoms. Statistically significant interaction effects were found. Some positive experiences buffered the potential harms of some negative experiences of social distancing on depressive symptoms; WFHS ≥ 8 days significantly moderated the risk/protective effects of social isolation, improved family relationship, and relaxation feeling on depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Social distancing is double-edged. Positive experiences should be maximized while negative experiences be minimized, as both were directly and interactively associated with depression. Intensive but not mild to moderate (< 80%) WFHS may impact depressive symptoms negatively via its direct association with depression; it also moderated the associations between positive/negative experiences due to social distancing and depression. Further research is required to discern the inter-relationships among WFHS, positive/negative experiences of social distancing, and depression to better cope with the stressful pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mason M. C. Lau
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Centre for Health Behaviours Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Fares-Otero NE, Trautmann S. Addressing the Interactive Effects of Maltreatment and COVID-19 Related Stressors on the Neuropsychological Functioning in Children. Front Psychol 2021; 12:764768. [PMID: 34899509 PMCID: PMC8653797 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.764768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Internet memes related to the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential coping mechanism for anxiety. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22305. [PMID: 34772957 PMCID: PMC8590055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether significantly anxious individuals differed from non-anxious individuals in their perceptual ratings of internet memes related to the Covid-19 pandemic, whilst considering the mediating role of emotion regulation. Eighty individuals presenting clinically significant anxiety symptoms (indicating ≥ 15 on the GAD-7) and 80 non-anxious controls (indicating ≤ 4) rated the emotional valance, humour, relatability, shareability, and offensiveness of 45 Covid-19 internet memes. A measure of emotion regulation difficulties was also completed. The perception of humour, relatability, and shareability were all greater amongst anxious individuals relative to non-anxious controls. These differences were not mediated by emotion regulation deficits. Internet memes related to the current Covid-19 pandemic may tentatively serve as coping mechanism for individuals experiencing severe symptoms of anxiety.
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25
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Corrales-Reyes IE, Hernández-García F, Pérez AP, Quintana PG, Pérez García ER, Lazo Herrera LA, White M. COVID-19 contagion concern scale (PRE-COVID-19): Validation in Cuban patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102245. [PMID: 34416467 PMCID: PMC8363424 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS It is important to have valid and reliable measures to determine the psychological impact of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes; however, few instruments have been developed and validated for this population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate the Scale of Worry for Contagion of COVID-19 (PRE-COVID-19) in a sample of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 219 patients (66.2% female, mean age 58.5 SD = 18.2) participated, selected through non-probabilistic sampling. The PRE-COVID-19 and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 were applied. Reliability analysis was performed for internal consistency, structural equation modeling and item response theory modeling. RESULTS The results show that a unidimensional 5-item model presents satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices and excellent reliability values. Likewise, convergent validity between the PRE-COVID-19 and a measure of anxiety is evident. All items present adequate discrimination parameters, allowing for discerning between those patients with critical concern about COVID-19 contagion from those with severe concern. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the PRE-COVID-19 is an instrument with adequate psychometric properties to measure concern about COVID-19 infection and the emotional impact in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
- Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba
| | - Frank Hernández-García
- Centro Provincial de Atención y Educación al Paciente Diabético, Hospital Provincial General Docente "Dr. Antonio Luaces Iraola", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. José Asse Yara", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Ciego de Ávila, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Antonio Pupo Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "General Calixto García", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Enrique Rolando Pérez García
- Policlínico Universitario Área Norte, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. José Assef Yara", Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Ciego de Ávila, Ciego de Ávila, Cuba
| | - Luis Alberto Lazo Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Dr. Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna" Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río Pinar del Río Cuba
| | - Michael White
- Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Perú
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26
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Romm KF, Park YW, Hughes JL, Gentzler AL. Risk and Protective Factors for Changes in Adolescent Psychosocial Adjustment During COVID-19. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:546-559. [PMID: 34448304 PMCID: PMC8646485 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined (1) changes in psychosocial adjustment among adolescents completing two surveys before COVID-19 and those completing the final survey during COVID-19 and (2) related risk/protective factors. Participants were 208 US adolescents (Mage = 15.09, SD = 0.50, 48.8% female, 86.1% White; 40.9% COVID group) who completed longitudinal surveys assessing psychosocial adjustment and related risk/protective factors (e.g., emotion regulation, well-being pursuits). Only adolescents completing Wave 3 during COVID-19 experienced increases in depressive symptoms, negative affect, and isolation and decreases in positive affect and friendship. Several variables served as risk (i.e., dampening) and protective (i.e., eudaimonic and hedonic motives) factors of these changes. Findings highlight the range of factors that are distinctly associated with negative changes in adolescent adjustment during COVID-19.
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