1
|
Liu SH, Shangguan ZS, Maitiaximu P, Li ZP, Chen XX, Li CD. Estrogen restores disordered lipid metabolism in visceral fat of prediabetic mice. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:988-1000. [PMID: 38766434 PMCID: PMC11099359 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral obesity is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and is commonly recognized as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] is known to offer protection against obesity via diverse me-chanisms, while its specific effects on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) remain to be fully elucidated. AIM To investigate the impact of E2 on the gene expression profile within VAT of a mouse model of prediabetes. METHODS Metabolic parameters were collected, encompassing body weight, weights of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT), random blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and overall body composition. The gene expression profiles of VAT were quantified utilizing the Whole Mouse Genome Oligo Microarray and subsequently analyzed through Agilent Feature Extraction software. Functional and pathway analyses were conducted employing Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, respectively. RESULTS Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) moderately increased the weights of both VAT and SAT, but this increase was mitigated by the protective effect of endogenous E2. Conversely, ovariectomy (OVX) led to a significant increase in VAT weight and the VAT/SAT weight ratio, and this increase was also reversed with E2 treatment. Notably, OVX diminished the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism compared to HFD feeding alone, signaling a widespread reduction in lipid metabolic activity, which was completely counteracted by E2 administration. This study provides a comprehensive insight into E2's local and direct protective effects against visceral adiposity in VAT at the gene level. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the HFD-induced over-nutritional challenge disrupted the gene expression profile of visceral fat, leading to a universally decreased lipid metabolic status in E2 deficient mice. E2 treatment effectively reversed this condition, shedding light on the mechanistic role and therapeutic potential of E2 in combating visceral obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Huan Liu
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhao-Shui Shangguan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Paiziliya Maitiaximu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Can-Dong Li
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhan J, Gu Z, Wang H, Liu Y, Wang L, Huang L, Huo J, Wu Y. Effects of rutin supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum parameters, and meat quality of Nubian goats. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13819. [PMID: 36894312 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies found that rutin can improve production performance of sheep and dairy cows. However, it is not clear whether rutin has similar effects in goats. Hence, the aim of this experiment was to study the effects of rutin supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum parameters, and meat quality of Nubian goats. A total of 36 healthy Nubian ewes were randomly divided into three groups. Goats were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 (R0), 25 (R25), and 50 (R50) mg rutin per kg of diet. The growth performance and slaughter performance of goats had no significant difference among three groups. The meat pH45min and moisture were significantly higher in the R25 group than the R50 group (p < 0.05), but the color value b* and contents of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C18:1n9c, C20:1, saturated fatty acid (SFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MSFA) in meat had an opposite outcome. The dressing percentage had an increasing tendency in the R25 group compared with the R0 group (0.05 < p < 0.10), but the shear force, water loss rate and crude protein of meat had opposite results. In conclusion, rutin could not affect the growth performance and slaughter performance of goats; low levels could possibly improve meat quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshun Zhan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyong Gu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liewu Huang
- Jiujiang Daye Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd, Xiushui, China
| | - Junhong Huo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan R, Chen Y. Fat biology and metabolic balance: On the significance of sex. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111336. [PMID: 34090969 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic disorders have become prevalent and fatal, which are faced by the entire human beings since decades. An energy equilibrium is urgently important for human metabolic health, which requires the participation of multiple organs, such as adipose tissues, liver and skeletal muscles. It seems that both sex and age play a role in the above processes. In this review, we focus on the sexual dimorphism in energy metabolism mediated by adipose tissues, including white and thermogenic (brown/beige) adipose tissues. Remarkably, past investigations have focused on targeting brown/beige adipose tissues to combat obesity because of their contributions to non-shivering thermogenesis. However, sex differences in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism are likely overlooked. Particularly, increasing data show that males display more visceral fat than females, and females show increased visceral fat after menopause. Visceral adiposity is more deleterious and closely related to metabolic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss current findings on sexual dimorphism in WAT and BAT biology for a better metabolic balance in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hubei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karia PS, Joshu CE, Visvanathan K. Association of Oophorectomy and Fat and Lean Body Mass: Evidence from a Population-Based Sample of U.S. Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1424-1432. [PMID: 33879451 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral oophorectomy during a nonmalignant hysterectomy is frequently performed for ovarian cancer prevention in premenopausal women. Oophorectomy before menopause leads to an abrupt decline in ovarian hormones that could adversely affect body composition. We examined the relationship between oophorectomy and whole-body composition. METHODS Our study population included cancer-free women 35 to 70 years old from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of the U.S. POPULATION A total of 4,209 women with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were identified, including 445 with hysterectomy, 552 with hysterectomy and oophorectomy, and 3,212 with no surgery. Linear regression was used to estimate the difference in total and regional (trunk, arms, and legs) fat and lean body mass by surgery status. RESULTS In multivariable models, hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy was associated with higher total fat mass [mean percent difference (β); βoophorectomy: 1.61%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00-2.28; βhysterectomy: 0.88%; 95% CI, 0.12-1.58] and lower total lean mass [βoophorectomy: -1.48%; 95% CI, -2.67, -1.15; βhysterectomy: -0.87%; 95% CI, -1.50, -0.24) compared with no surgery. Results were stronger in women with a normal body mass index (BMI) and those <45 years at surgery. All body regions were significantly affected for women with oophorectomy, whereas only the trunk was affected for women with hysterectomy alone. CONCLUSIONS Hysterectomy with oophorectomy, particularly in young women, may be associated with systemic changes in fat and lean body mass irrespective of BMI. IMPACT Our results support prospective evaluation of body composition in women undergoing hysterectomy with oophorectomy at a young age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh S Karia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Palee S, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Exercise with calorie restriction improves cardiac function via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction in ovariectomized prediabetic rats. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
6
|
Jacobs AJ, Roskam AL, Hummel FM, Ronan PJ, Gorres-Martens BK. Exercise improves high-fat diet- and ovariectomy-induced insulin resistance in rats with altered hepatic fat regulation. Curr Res Physiol 2020; 3:11-19. [PMID: 34746816 PMCID: PMC8562195 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) and loss of endogenous estrogens increases the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance. Although exercise is known to prevent and manage insulin resistance, the cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown, especially in the context of a combined HFD and endogenous estrogen loss via ovariectomy (OVX). This study uses female Wistar rats to assess the effect of diet, endogenous estrogens, an exercise on insulin resistance, serum hormones, hepatic AMPK, hepatic regulators of fat metabolism, and expression of signaling molecules of the brain reward pathway. The combination of the HFD/OVX increased the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the glucose-insulin (G-I) index, and the serum adiponectin and leptin values, and exercise decreased these factors. The combination of the HFD/OVX decreased hepatic pAMPK, and exercise restored hepatic pAMPK, an important regulator of fat and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, consumption of the HFD by rats with intact ovaries (and endogenous estrogens) did not result in these drastic changes compared to intact rats fed a standard diet, suggesting that the presence of estrogens provides whole body benefits. Additionally, the HFD decreased the hepatic protein expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), two proteins involved in de novo lipid synthesis and increased the hepatic protein expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a protein involved in fat storage. Finally, exercise increased mRNA expression of the dopamine D2 receptor and tyrosine hydroxylase in the dopaminergic neuron cell body region of the ventral tegmental area, which is a key component of the brain reward pathway. Overall, this study demonstrates that exercise prevents insulin resistance even when a HFD is combined with OVX, despite hepatic changes in ACC, FAS, and LPL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam L Roskam
- Chemistry Department, Mount Marty College, Yankton, SD, USA
| | - Faith M Hummel
- Biology Department, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, SD, USA
| | - Patrick J Ronan
- Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Quadros VP, Tobar N, Viana LR, Dos Santos RW, Kiyataka PHM, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. The 17β-oestradiol treatment minimizes the adverse effects of protein restriction on bone parameters in ovariectomized Wistar rats: Relevance to osteoporosis and the menopause. Bone Joint Res 2020; 8:573-581. [PMID: 31934328 PMCID: PMC6946913 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.812.bjr-2018-0259.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Insufficient protein ingestion may affect muscle and bone mass, increasing the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly, and especially in postmenopausal women. We evaluated how a low-protein diet affects bone parameters under gonadal hormone deficiency and the improvement led by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with 17β-oestradiol. Methods Female Wistar rats were divided into control (C), ovariectomized (OVX), and 17β-oestradiol-treated ovariectomized (OVX-HRT) groups, which were fed a control or an isocaloric low-protein diet (LP; 6.6% protein; seven animals per group). Morphometric, serum, and body composition parameters were assessed, as well as bone parameters, mechanical resistance, and mineralogy. Results The results showed that protein restriction negatively affected body chemical composition and bone metabolism by the sex hormone deficiency condition in the OVX group. The association between undernutrition and hormone deficiency led to bone and muscle mass loss and increased the fragility of the bone (as well as decreasing relative femoral weight, bone mineral density, femoral elasticity, peak stress, and stress at offset yield). Although protein restriction induced more severe adverse effects compared with the controls, the combination with HRT showed an improvement in minimizing these damaging effects, as it was seen that HRT had some efficacy in maintaining muscle and bone mass, preserving the bone resistance and minimizing some deleterious processes during the menopause. Conclusion Protein restriction has adverse effects on metabolism, leading to more severe menopausal symptoms, and HRT could minimize these effects. Therefore, special attention should be given to a balanced diet during menopause and HRT.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:573-581.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria P de Quadros
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natalia Tobar
- Nuclear Medicine Service, the Clinical Hospital of UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Lais R Viana
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rogerio W Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo H M Kiyataka
- Packaging Technology Centre (Cetea) from the Institute of Food Technology (ITAL) of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria C C Gomes-Marcondes
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aremu AO, Lilian DC, Olufemi SA, Aderemi OL. Combined but not single treatment with ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel and spironolactone reduces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in insulin-resistant ovariectomised rats. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2019; 20:1470320319895933. [PMID: 31856649 PMCID: PMC6927203 DOI: 10.1177/1470320319895933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Increased circulating level of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is
associated with menopausal oestrogen deficiency. We therefore hypothesised
that the combined oral contraceptive (COC) with spironolactone (SPL)
improves insulin resistance (IR) in ovariectomised (OVX) rats by reducing
circulating PAI-1. Methods: Twelve-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into sham-operated (SHM),
OVX, OVX+SPL (0.25 mg/kg), COC (1.0 µg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 µg
levonorgestrel) and OVX+COC+SPL rats treated with COC and SPL daily for
eight weeks. IR was assessed by homeostatic model assessment of IR
(HOMA-IR). Results: Data showed that OVX rats had a higher HOMA-IR value that is associated with
increased visceral adiposity, triglycerides (TG), total
cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), TG/HDL-C, plasma
insulin, GSK-3, corticosterone and decreased 17β-oestradiol. However, these
effects were attenuated in OVX+COC, OVX+SPL and OVX+COC+SPL rats compared to
OVX rats. OVX rats had lower PAI-1 than SHM rats, whereas the beneficial
effect on IR and other parameters by COC or SPL was accompanied with
increased PAI-1. Improvement of IR and other parameters with combined COC
and SPL in OVX rats was accompanied with reduced PAI-1. Conclusion: Taken together, COC or SPL improves IR independent of PAI-1, whereas a
combination of COC and SPL in OVX rats ameliorates IR in a PAI-1-dependent
manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeyanju Oluwaseun Aremu
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.,Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Nigeria
| | - Dibia Chinaza Lilian
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team and Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Soladoye Ayodele Olufemi
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health sciences, Bowen University, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kawakami M, Yokota-Nakagi N, Takamata A, Morimoto K. Endurance running exercise is an effective alternative to estradiol replacement for restoring hyperglycemia through TBC1D1/GLUT4 pathway in skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1029-1040. [PMID: 31782092 PMCID: PMC10717071 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is a risk factor for impaired glucose metabolism. Alternative treatment of estrogen for postmenopausal women is required. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 5-week endurance running exercise (Ex) by treadmill on hyperglycemia and signal pathway components mediating glucose transport in ovariectomized (OVX) placebo-treated rats, compared with 4-week 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement or pair-feeding (PF) to the E2 group. Ex improved the hyperglycemia and insulin resistance index in OVX rats as much as E2 or PF did. However, Ex had no effect on body weight gain in the OVX rats. Moreover, Ex enhanced the levels of GLUT4 and phospho-TBC1D1 proteins in the gastrocnemius of the OVX rats, but E2 or PF did not. Instead, the E2 increased the Akt2/AS160 expression and activation in the OVX rats. This study suggests that endurance Ex training restored hyperglycemia through the TBC1D1/GLUT4 pathway in muscle by an alternative mechanism to E2 replacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Kawakami
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Naoko Yokota-Nakagi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Akira Takamata
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gorres-Martens BK, Field TJ, Schmidt ER, Munger KA. Exercise prevents HFD- and OVX-induced type 2 diabetes risk factors by decreasing fat storage and improving fuel utilization. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13783. [PMID: 29981201 PMCID: PMC6035332 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the loss of estrogens increase one's risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), and combining the loss of estrogens with a high-fat diet (HFD) poses an even greater risk for T2D. The extent to which exercise can ameliorate the deleterious effects of estrogen loss combined with a HFD and the molecular mechanisms accounting for the whole body changes is currently unknown. Therefore, we fed female Wistar rats a standard diet or a HFD for 10 weeks. The rats fed the HFD were either ovariectomized (OVX) or their ovaries remained intact. A subset of the HFD/OVX rats also underwent exercise training on a motor-driven treadmill. Exercise significantly reduced the total body weight gain, periuterine white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Additionally, the ability to store fat, as measured by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the WAT, was increased in the HFD/OVX group; however, exercise reduced the LPL levels. Furthermore, the combination of the HFD with OVX decreased the WAT citrate synthase protein level, which was increased with exercise. These data suggest that even during the combined HFD/OVX physiological state, exercise can decrease several risk factors associated with T2D, decrease fat storage, and increase fuel utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyler J Field
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Department, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Emma R Schmidt
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Department, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Karen A Munger
- Research & Development, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Palee S, Minta W, Mantor D, Sutham W, Jaiwongkam T, Kerdphoo S, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Combination of exercise and calorie restriction exerts greater efficacy on cardioprotection than monotherapy in obese-insulin resistant rats through the improvement of cardiac calcium regulation. Metabolism 2019; 94:77-87. [PMID: 30796936 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes obese-insulin resistance which is known to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases due to its impact on the impairment of left ventricular (LV) contractile function and cardiac mitochondrial function. Intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i regulation plays an important role in the maintenance of LV function. Although either caloric restriction (CR) or exercise (Ex) are shown to strongly affect metabolic status and LV function, the combined effects of exercise and calorie restriction on cardiometabolic status, cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac [Ca2+]i transient homeostasis under conditions of obese-insulin resistance have never been investigated. METHODS Female rats were fed with either a high-fat diet (HFD: fat, 59.28%; protein, 26.45%; carbohydrate, 14.27%) or a normal diet (fat, 19.77%; protein, 28.24%; carbohydrate, 51.99%) for 13 weeks. HFD rats were then divided into 4 groups: 1) Vehicle (HFD + Veh); 2) Calorie restriction (HFD + CR); 3) Exercise (HFD + Ex) and 4) Combined therapy (HFD + CR + Ex). After 6-week intervention, the metabolic status, heart rate variability (HRV), LV function, cardiac mitochondrial dynamics, and [Ca2+]i transients were determined. RESULTS Insulin resistance developed in HFD rats as indicated by increased plasma insulin and HOMA index. Although HFD + Veh rats had markedly impaired LV function, indicated by reduced %LVFS and impaired cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and [Ca2+]i transients, these impairments were attenuated in the HFD + CR, HFD + Ex and HFD + CR + Ex rats. However, the greatest improvement in cardiometabolic function was observed in HFD + CR + Ex rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that a combination of calorie restriction and exercise exerted greater cardioprotection than a monotherapy through the improvement of cardiometabolic status, cardiac mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac [Ca2+]i homeostasis in obese-insulin resistant rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siripong Palee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanitchaya Minta
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Duangkamol Mantor
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wissuta Sutham
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Moak SP, Browning JR, Dai X, Hall JE. Increased sleep time and reduced energy expenditure contribute to obesity after ovariectomy and a high fat diet. Life Sci 2018; 212:119-128. [PMID: 30273560 PMCID: PMC6240909 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examined if sleep time, caloric intake and energy expenditure are important contributors to development of ovariectomy-induced obesity in mice fed control or high fat diet (HFD). Twelve female mice at 6 weeks of age were divided into 2 groups: Sham (n = 5) and ovariectomized (OVX, n = 7). Mice were fed control diet for 9 weeks and shifted to HFD for additional 9 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured daily and body composition was measured weekly by EchoMRI. Energy expenditure (EE), oxygen consumption (VO2), motor activity (MA) and sleep time were monitored at week 9 during control diet and HFD. OVX did not alter caloric intake, body weight or body composition, MA, sleep time or fasting blood glucose, but slightly reduced EE compared to Sham mice on control diet. After HFD feeding, OXV mice had similar caloric intake, lean mass, MA, and blood glucose levels but had significantly greater weight gain (8.2 ± 1.0 vs. 4.8 ± 1.2 g, p < 0.05), increased fat mass and sleep time, and reduced EE (3.3 ± 0.4 vs. 5.5 ± 0.2 kcal/h) and VO2 (1.12 ± 0.01 vs. 1.83 ± 0.05 ml/min) compared to Sham group. Daytime blood pressure was higher while nighttime heart rate was lower in OVX group. These results suggest that OVX may not substantially alter body weight or body composition in mice fed a normal diet, but when combined with HFD it increases sleep time and reduces EE, leading to greater weight gain and adiposity without altering food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America.
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Sydney P Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Jackson R Browning
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Xuemei Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Z, Cheng Y, Luan Y, Zhong W, Lai H, Wang H, Yu H, Yang Y, Feng N, Yuan F, Huang R, He Z, Zhang F, Yan M, Yin H, Guo F, Zhai Q. Short-term tamoxifen treatment has long-term effects on metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice with involvement of Nmnat2 in POMC neurons. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3305-3316. [PMID: 30192985 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term tamoxifen treatment has effects on lipid and glucose metabolism in mice fed chow. However, its effects on metabolism in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that tamoxifen treatment for 5 days decreases fat mass for as long as 18 weeks in mice fed HFD. Tamoxifen alters mRNA levels of some genes involved in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue and improves glucose and insulin tolerance as well as hepatic insulin signaling for 12-20 weeks. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron-specific deletion of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (Nmnat2) attenuates the effects of tamoxifen on glucose and insulin tolerance. These data demonstrate that short-term injection of tamoxifen has long-term effects on lipid and glucose metabolism in HFD mice with involvement of Nmnat2 in POMC neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuling Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejin Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yale Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishui He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim SM, Lee HS, Jung JI, Lim SM, Lim JH, Ha WH, Jeon CL, Lee JY, Kim EJ. Effect of isoflavone-enriched whole soy milk powder supplementation on bone metabolism in ovariectomized mice. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:275-282. [PMID: 30090164 PMCID: PMC6078863 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE There is intense interest in soy isoflavone as a hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A new kind of isoflavone-enriched whole soy milk powder (I-WSM) containing more isoflavones than conventional whole soy milk powder was recently developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of I-WSM on bone metabolism in ovariectomized mice. MATERIALS/METHODS Sixty female ICR mice individually underwent ovariectomy (OVX) or a sham operation, and were randomized into six groups of 10 animals each as follows: Sham, OVX, OVX with 2% I-WSM diet, OVX with 10% I-WSM diet, OVX with 20% I-WSM diet, and OVX with 20% WSM diet. After an 8-week treatment period, bone mineral density (BMD), calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b, osteocalcin (OC), procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and osteoprotegenin (OPG) were analyzed. RESULTS BMD was significantly lower in the OVX group compared to the Sham group but was significantly higher in OVX + 10% I-WSM and OVX + 20% I-WSM groups compared to the OVX group (P < 0.05). Serum calcium concentration significantly increased in the OVX + 10% and 20% I-WSM groups. Serum ALP levels were significantly lower in the OVX + 10% and 20% I-WSM groups compared to the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). OC was significantly reduced in the OVX group compared to the Sham group (P < 0.05), but a dose-dependent increase was observed in the OVX groups supplemented with I-WSM. P1NP and OPG levels were significantly reduced, while TRAP 5b level was significantly elevated in the OVX group compared with the Sham group, which was not affected by I-WSM (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that I-WSM supplementation in OVX mice has the effect of preventing BMD reduction and promoting bone formation. Therefore, I-WSM can be used as an effective alternative to postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Mi Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan 47011, Korea
| | - Jae In Jung
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Su-Min Lim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lim
- Institute of Food Processing Technology, Uwell Bio Co. Ltd., Gangwon 25451, Korea
| | - Wang-Hyun Ha
- Institute of Food Processing Technology, Uwell Bio Co. Ltd., Gangwon 25451, Korea
| | - Chang Lae Jeon
- Institute of Food Processing Technology, Uwell Bio Co. Ltd., Gangwon 25451, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Adeyanju OA, Soetan OA, Soladoye AO, Olatunji LA. Oral hormonal therapy with ethinylestradiol–levonorgestrel improves insulin resistance, obesity, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 independent of circulating mineralocorticoid in estrogen-deficient rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:577-586. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency has been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases , and recent clinical trials of standard formulations of hormonal therapies have not demonstrated consistent beneficial effects. Estrogen–progestin therapy has been used as exogenous estrogen to normalize depressed estrogen level during menopause. Ovariectomized rodents mimic an estrogen-deficient state in that they develop cardiometabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance (IR). We therefore hypothesized that hormonal therapy with combined oral contraceptive steroids, ethinylestradiol–levonorgestrel (EEL), improves IR, obesity, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) through reduction of circulating mineralocorticoid in ovariectomized rats. Twelve-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated (SHM) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with or without EEL (1.0 μg ethinylestradiol and 5.0 μg levonorgestrel) daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that OVX or SHM + EEL treated rats had increased HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of IR), 1 h postload glucose, HOMA-β, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), TC/HDL cholesterol, TG/HDL cholesterol, plasma insulin, GSK-3, corticosterone, and aldosterone. On the other hand, OVX + EEL treatment ameliorated all these effects except that of aldosterone. Taken together, the results demonstrate that oral hormonal replacement with EEL improves IR and pancreatic β-cell function and suppresses GSK-3 and glucocorticoid independent of circulating aldosterone, suggesting a positive cardiometabolic effect of oral EEL therapy in estrogen-deficient rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun A. Adeyanju
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Cardiometabolic Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi A. Soetan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ayodele O. Soladoye
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence A. Olatunji
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng W, Rogoschin J, Niehoff A, Oden K, Kulling SE, Xie M, Diel P. Combinatory effects of phytoestrogens and exercise on body fat mass and lipid metabolism in ovariectomized female rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:73-81. [PMID: 29122708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the combinatory effects of an isoflavone (ISO)-rich diet and exercise on fat mass and lipid metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Therefore the female Wistar rats were sedentary, performed an intense treadmill uphill running, received ISOs, or a combination of ISOs and running after ovariectomy. The exercise reduced visceral fat mass, adipocyte size and serum leptin in Sham animals and antagonized the increases of these parameters induced by OVX. ISOs reduced OVX induced increase of serum leptin. The combination of training and ISOs was most effective in reducing serum triglyceride levels. In OVX rats the training stimulated the expression of genes associated with fatty acid synthesis (SREBP-1c and FAS) in adipose tissue, soleus muscle, liver and genes associated with fatty acid oxidation (PPARδ and PGC-1α) in adipose tissue. ISOs stimulated the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS in soleus muscle and PGC-1α in adipose tissue, whereas suppressed hepatic SREBP-1c and FAS expression. Strong additive effects of ISOs combined with the training were observed for PPARδ and PGC-1α expressions in soleus muscle. In conclusion our results demonstrate that both the training and ISOs affect fat mass and fatty acid metabolism in OVX rats. The training seems to have a higher impact than ISO exposure in regulating gene expression in adipose tissue. However, the strongest effects for several of the addressed parameters could be observed in the combination group especially in the soleus muscle. Therefore a combination of training and an ISO-rich diet may have beneficial effects on fatty acid metabolism and could be a concept for the prevention of obesity in postmenopausal females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany.
| | - Jana Rogoschin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Oden
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zidon TM, Park YM, Welly RJ, Woodford ML, Scroggins RJ, Britton SL, Koch LG, Booth FW, Padilla J, Kanaley JA, Vieira-Potter VJ. Voluntary wheel running improves adipose tissue immunometabolism in ovariectomized low-fit rats. Adipocyte 2018; 7:20-34. [PMID: 29226756 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1402991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of ovarian hormones is associated with increased adiposity, white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR). Previous work demonstrated ovariectomized (OVX) rats bred for high aerobic fitness (HCR) are protected against weight gain and IR compared to rats bred for low aerobic fitness (LCR) yet wheel running prevents OVX-induced IR in LCR rats. The purpose of this study was to determine whether adipose tissue immunometabolic characteristics from female HCR and LCR rats differs before or after OVX, and whether wheel running mitigates OVX-induced adipose tissue immunometabolic changes in LCR rats. Female OVX HCR and LCR rats were all fed a high fat diet (HFD) (n = 7-8/group) and randomized to either a running wheel or remain sedentary for 11 weeks. Ovary-intact rats (n = 7-12/group) were fed a standard chow diet with no wheel. Ovary-intact LCR rats had a greater visceral WAT inflammatory profile compared to HCR. Following OVX, sedentary LCR rats had greater serum leptin (p<0.001) and WAT inflammation (p<0.05) than sedentary HCR. Wheel running normalized the elevated serum leptin and reduced both visceral (p<0.05) and subcutaneous (p<0.03) WAT inflammatory markers in the LCR rats. Paradoxically, wheel running increased some markers of WAT inflammation in OVX HCR rats (p<0.05), which correlated with observed weight gain. Taken together, HCR rats appear to have a healthier WAT immune and metabolic profile compared to LCR, even following OVX. Wheel running improves WAT health in previously sedentary LCR rats. On the other hand, increased WAT inflammation is associated with adiposity gain despite a high volume of wheel running in HCR rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terese M. Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Rebecca J. Welly
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Makenzie L. Woodford
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Rebecca J. Scroggins
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, US
| | - Frank W. Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | - Jill A. Kanaley
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Babaei P, Dastras A, Tehrani BS, Pourali Roudbaneh S. The Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Visceral Fat, Serum Glucose, Lipid Profiles and Apelin Level in Ovariectomized Rats. J Menopausal Med 2017; 23:182-189. [PMID: 29354618 PMCID: PMC5770528 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.2017.23.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ovarian hormones have been shown to regulate body weight, intra-abdominal fat accumulation and plasma level of cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on visceral adipose tissue, plasma level of apelin, lipid profiles, and glucose in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into OVX (n = 20) and sham (n = 10) groups. OVX rats were subdivided into estrogen replacement therapy (OVX+est; n = 10) receiving 17 β-estradiol valerates (30 µg/kg, s.c., 5 day/week, for eight weeks), and vehicle control group receiving sesame oil same as experiment group (OVX+ses oil; n = 10). After the treatments, all groups were sacrificed and blood samples were collected, visceral fats were taken from the abdominal cavity and weighed immediately. Apelin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Lipid profiles and glucose were measured using the enzymatic colorimetric method. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and (P < 0.05) determined as the statistical significance level. Results After eight weeks, body weight, body mass index (BMI), visceral fat, apelin and lipid profiles (P < 0.01) were increased significantly in OVX rats compared to sham group. Treatment with estrogen leads to significant reduction in body weight and BMI (P < 0.05), there was no significant change in serum apelin level in OVX+est rats compared to OVX+ses. Conclusions These results suggest that estradiol replacement therapy successfully attenuated some of the metabolic syndrome components, and apelin does not probably stand as a mediator of these physiological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adele Dastras
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Bahram Soltani Tehrani
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shiva Pourali Roudbaneh
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zheng W, Hengevoß J, Soukup ST, Kulling SE, Xie M, Diel P. An isoflavone enriched diet increases skeletal muscle adaptation in response to physical activity in ovariectomized rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28497652 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study was to investigate anabolic adaptation of skeletal muscle in response to an isoflavone (ISO) enriched diet, training and their combinations in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Female Wistar rats were sedentary, performed treadmill uphill running, received ISOs, or a combination of ISOs and running after ovariectomy. Body weight was increased by OVX. Both ISO and training treatment antagonized this increase. The weights of soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were increased only when training and ISOs were combined. In soleus muscle insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1R, MyoD and Myogenin expressions were only up-regulated by training in Sham groups. However, a stimulation of IGF-1R and MyoD expression could be observed when ISOs and training were combined. In gastrocnemius muscle MyoD and Myogenin expressions were stimulated by either training or ISOs. Additive effects were detected when combining the two interventions. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the combination of ISOs and exercise is more efficient in increasing relative skeletal muscle mass and the expression of molecular markers related to anabolic adaptation in the skeletal muscle of female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonas Hengevoß
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian T Soukup
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Patrick Diel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rodrigues MFC, Ferreira FC, Silva-Magosso NS, Barbosa MR, Souza MVC, Domingos MM, Canevazzi GHR, Stotzer US, Peviani SM, de Lira FS, Selistre de Araújo HS, Perez SEDA. Effects of resistance training and estrogen replacement on adipose tissue inflammation in ovariectomized rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:605-612. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is directly related to central obesity and low-grade inflammation. Hormonal replacement and exercise training are both able to decrease fat accumulation and inflammation in postmenopausal women. However, the efficiency of resistance training (RT) and estrogen replacement (ER) in minimizing adiposity and inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats has not yet been elucidated. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the following 6 groups: sham-operated sedentary (Sham-Sed), OVX-Sed, Sham-RT, OVX-RT, OVX-Sed-ER, and OVX-RT-ER groups. ER was performed by implanting silastic capsules containing 17β-estradiol. For RT, the animals were required to climb a 1.1-m vertical ladder with conical flasks containing weights attached to their tails for 12 weeks. Histological analyses were used to evaluate morphological changes. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and protein concentrations were determined using Multiplex/Luminex assays. Ovariectomy increased the body mass (BM), adipocyte area, and inflammation in the VAT, the latter of which was indicated by reduced interleukin-10 (48%) and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration (∼3%). RT efficiently decreased BM, adipocyte area, and inflammation in the OVX groups. The combination of RT and ER decreased BM (19%) and the TNF-α concentration (18%) and increased the gene and protein expression levels of adiponectin (173% and 18%). These results indicate that RT and the combination of RT and ER are efficient strategies for reducing the BM and improving the inflammatory status of OVX rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Cury Rodrigues
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Candido Ferreira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Rodrigues Barbosa
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe 49400-000, Brazil
| | - Markus Vinicius Campos Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mateus Moraes Domingos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | | | - Uliana Sbeguen Stotzer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Messa Peviani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fábio Santos de Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University State Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yi X, Gao H, Chen D, Tang D, Huang W, Li T, Ma T, Chang B. Effects of obesity and exercise on testicular leptin signal transduction and testosterone biosynthesis in male mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R501-R510. [PMID: 28100475 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00405.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To explore the role of the testicular leptin and JAK-STAT[leptin (LEP)-JAK-STAT] pathway in testosterone biosynthesis during juvenile stages and exercise for weight loss, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal-diet and high-fat diet groups. After 10 wk, mice in the high-fat diet-fed group were further divided randomly into obese control, obese moderate-volume exercise, and obese high-volume exercise groups. Mice in the obese moderate-volume exercise group were provided with 2 h/day, 6 days/wk swimming exercise for 8 wk, and mice in the obese high-volume exercise group underwent twice the amount of daily exercise intervention as the obese moderate-volume exercise group. The results showed that a high-fat diet causes obesity, leptin resistance, inhibition of the testicular LEP-JAK-STAT pathway, decreased mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic factor-1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and the P-450 side-chain cleavage enzyme, a decrease in the serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio, and declines in sperm quality parameters. Both moderate and high-volume exercise were able to reduce body fat and increase the mRNA and protein expression of LEP-JAK-STAT, but only moderate exercise significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic factor-1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and P-450 side-chain cleavage enzyme and significantly reversed the serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratio and sperm quality parameters. These findings suggest that by impairing the testicular LEP-JAK-STAT pathway, early-stage obesity inhibits the biosynthesis of testosterone and sexual development and reduces male reproductive potential. Long-term moderate and high-volume exercise can effectively reduce body fat and improve obesity-induced abnormalities in testicular leptin signal transduction, whereas only moderate-volume exercise can reverse the negative impacts of obesity on male reproductive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Yi
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haining Gao
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dequan Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China; and
| | - Donghui Tang
- PE College of Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanting Huang
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tie Ma
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li W, Xu L, Chen Y, Mu L, Cheng M, Xu W, Zhuang J, Zhang J. Effect of estrodiol on leptin receptors expression in regulating fat distribution and adipocyte genesis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:464-8. [PMID: 26757619 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1130810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how estradiol influence fat distribution and adipocyte genesis through regulating leptin function. DESIGN AND METHODS We randomized female SD rats into ovariectomy and sham group. After 14 weeks, we examined leptin receptor expression in perigenital, mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissues and leptin in serum. We further introduced mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to figure out the effect of 17-β estradiol on expression of leptin receptors (OBRb and OBRa), leptin and PPARγ2. RESULTS Weight and Lee's index was both significantly higher in ovariectomized group than sham group (p < 0.001). The interaction of serum E2 and leptin was negatively correlated with body weight. Expression of leptin receptor protein was extremely upregulated in ovariectomized group in perigenital and mesenteric fat. Both estradiol and leptin upregulated mRNA expression of OBRb, and created a dose-dependent decreasing manner in MSCs. Higher doses of estradiol (10(-7)-10(-5) M) inhibited adipogenic markers mRNA expression of leptin and PPARγ2, but low doses promoted leptin expression. CONCLUSIONS In ovariectomized rats, low level of serum estradiol may change body composition and promote adipocyte genesis through affecting leptin function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China and
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China and
| | - Yan Chen
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China and
| | - Li Mu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China and
| | - Meng Cheng
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China and
| | - Wenming Xu
- b The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong
| | - Jing Zhuang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China and
| | - Jing Zhang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China and
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Macedo AP, Shimano RC, Ferrari DT, Issa JPM, Jordão AA, Shimano AC. Influence of treadmill training on bone structure under osteometabolic alteration in rats subjected to high-fat diet. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:167-176. [PMID: 26923426 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and physical training have important roles in the accumulation and maintenance of bone mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in ovariectomized rats (OVX), the effects of treadmill training (T) with high-fat diet (F) on weight gain and bone tissue properties with eight groups (n = 10) for 12 weeks: OVX SC (OVX, sedentary lifestyle, diet control); OVX SF; OVX TC; OVX TF; SH SC (SHAM, sedentary lifestyle, diet control); SH SF; SH TC; and SH TF. Weekly weight gain and final body composition were assessed. After euthanasia, tibiae were analyzed. The trained animals had higher body weight (P = 0.001), bone mineral density (P < 0.001), and trabecular bone (P < 0.001). The animals with a high-fat diet showed higher global fat (P < 0.001), percentage of global fat (P < 0.001) and deformation at impact (P = 0.031) and reduced tibial bone mineral content (P = 0.036). Physical training improves bone microarchitecture, without presenting an increase in impact resistance, and a high-fat diet increases body fat and impairs bone mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A P Macedo
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R C Shimano
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D T Ferrari
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J P M Issa
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Jordão
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Shimano
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor System, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Moser VA, Pike CJ. Obesity and sex interact in the regulation of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 67:102-18. [PMID: 26708713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, for which a number of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors have been identified. A significant modifiable risk factor is obesity in mid-life. Interestingly, both obesity and AD exhibit sex differences and are regulated by sex steroid hormones. Accumulating evidence suggests interactions between obesity and sex in regulation of AD risk, although the pathways underlying this relationship are unclear. Inflammation and the E4 allele of apolipoprotein E have been identified as independent risk factors for AD and both interact with obesity and sex steroid hormones. We review the individual and cooperative effects of obesity and sex on development of AD and examine the potential contributions of apolipoprotein E, inflammation, and their interactions to this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Alexandra Moser
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Christian J Pike
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bazzano M, Torelli C, Pustovrh M, Paz D, Elia E. Obesity induced by cafeteria diet disrupts fertility in the rat by affecting multiple ovarian targets. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 31:655-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Weigt C, Hertrampf T, Flenker U, Hülsemann F, Kurnaz P, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P. Effects of estradiol, estrogen receptor subtype-selective agonists and genistein on glucose metabolism in leptin resistant female Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:12-22. [PMID: 26134426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The leptin resistant Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats are hyperphagic and become obese, but whereas the males develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the females remain euglycaemic. As estrogen deficiency is known to increase the risk of developing T2DM, we evaluated the role of ER subtypes alpha and beta in the development of glucose tolerance in leptin resistant ovariectomized (OVX) ZDF rats. At least six rats per group were treated with either vehicle (OVX), 17β-estradiol (E2), ER subtype-selective agonists (Alpha and Beta), or genistein (Gen) for 17 weeks. At the end of the treatment period a glucose tolerance assay was performed and the metabolic flux of (13)C-glucose for the E2 group was investigated. OVX ZDF rats treated with E2, Alpha, Beta, and Gen tolerated the glucose significantly better than untreated controls. E2 treatment increased absorbance/flux of (13)C-glucose to metabolic relevant tissues such liver, adipose tissue, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscle. Moreover, whereas Alpha treatment markedly increased mRNA expression of GLUT4 in gastrocnemius muscle, Beta treatment resulted in the largest fiber sizes of the soleus muscle. Treatment with Gen increased both the mRNA expression of GLUT 4 and the fiber sizes in the skeletal muscle. In addition, E2 and Alpha treatment decreased food intake and body weight gain. In summary, estrogen-improved glucose absorption is mediated via different molecular mechanisms: while activation of ER alpha seems to stimulate muscular GLUT4 functionality, activation of ER beta results in a hypertrophy of muscle fibers. In addition, selective activation of ER alpha decreased food intake and body weight gain. Our data further indicate that ER subtype-selective agonists and genistein improve systemic glucose tolerance also in the absence of a functional leptin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Weigt
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Torsten Hertrampf
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Frank Hülsemann
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Biochemistry, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | - Pinar Kurnaz
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee M, Song SJ, Choi MS, Yu R, Park T. IL-7 receptor deletion ameliorates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2361-70. [PMID: 26152662 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Obesity-induced inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated that adiposity can be improved by ablating certain inflammatory signalling pathways. Although the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) is mostly known as a key regulator of T lymphocyte development and homeostasis, its role in obesity and metabolic diseases is unknown. Because IL-7 is markedly increased in the serum of obese individuals and IL-7R (also known as IL7R) is overexpressed in white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity, we studied the metabolic consequences of genetic Il-7r ablation in mice. METHODS Age-matched Il-7r-deficient (Il-7r KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed a standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. Their serum metabolic variables were measured. The expression of genes and proteins related to insulin resistance and inflammation was evaluated in WAT. RESULTS We demonstrated that Il-7r KO mice exhibited significantly reduced body weight gain and visceral adiposity compared with WT controls on both chow and HFD. The expression of signalling molecules involved in adipogenesis was reduced in the WAT of Il-7r KO mice. We also found that Il-7r KO mice had significantly enhanced glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Consistent with an improved metabolic phenotype, proinflammatory cytokine production and macrophage infiltration was attenuated in the WAT of Il-7r KO mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The IL-7R plays an important role in the induction of HFD-induced adipogenesis and insulin resistance in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Mugeo-dong, Nam-ku, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Estrogen and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation have a synergistic hypotriglyceridemic effect in ovariectomized rats. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:475. [PMID: 26109183 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), EPA and DHA, as well as estrogen have been shown to decrease circulating levels of triglyceride (TG), but their underlying mode of action is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of n-3 PUFA consumption and estrogen injection on TG metabolism. Rats (n = 48) were fed a modified AIN-93G diet with 0, 1, or 2 % EPA + DHA relative to the total energy intake during 12 weeks. At 8 weeks, rats were ovariectomized (OVX), and after a 1-week recovery, rats were injected with either 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate (E2) or corn oil for the last 3 weeks. The n-3 PUFA consumption and E2 injection independently decreased the hepatic expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) (P < 0.05). There were interactions between n-3 PUFA consumption and E2 injection on hepatic expression of FAS and DGAT2. In addition, n-3 PUFA consumption and E2 injection up-regulated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor α, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 in liver and skeletal muscle. E2 injection increased the expression of estrogen receptor α and β in skeletal muscle and liver, but n-3 PUFA consumption increased the expression of both receptors only in skeletal muscle. The present study suggests that the hypotriglyceridemic effects of n-3 PUFA consumption and E2 injection could be due to the down-regulation of hepatic TG synthesis and up-regulation of TG oxidation in liver and skeletal muscle in OVX rats.
Collapse
|
29
|
Exercise training and calorie restriction influence the metabolic parameters in ovariectomized female rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:787063. [PMID: 25874022 PMCID: PMC4383370 DOI: 10.1155/2015/787063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen deficiency after menopause leads to overweight or obesity, and physical exercise is one of the important modulators of this body weight gain. Female Wistar rats underwent ovariectomy surgery (OVX) or sham operation (SO). OVX and SO groups were randomized into new groups based on the voluntary physical activity (with or without running) and the type of diet for 12 weeks. Rats were fed standard chow (CTRL), high triglyceride diet (HT), or restricted diet (CR). The metabolic syndrome was assessed by measuring the body weight gain, the glucose sensitivity, and the levels of insulin, triglyceride, leptin, and aspartate aminotransferase transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The exercise training combined with the CR resulted in improvements in the glucose tolerance and the insulin sensitivity. Plasma TG, AST, and ALT levels were significantly higher in OVX rats fed with HT but these high values were suppressed by exercise and CR. Compared to SO animals, estrogen deprivation with HT caused a significant increase in leptin level. Our data provide evidence that CR combined with voluntary physical exercise can be a very effective strategy to prevent the development of a metabolic syndrome induced by high calorie diet.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim JH, Cho HT, Kim YJ. The role of estrogen in adipose tissue metabolism: insights into glucose homeostasis regulation. Endocr J 2014; 61:1055-67. [PMID: 25109846 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an organ with active endocrine function involved in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis via multiple metabolic signaling pathways targeting the brain, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and other organs. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that the female sex hormone, estrogen, regulates adipose development and improves systemic glucose homeostasis in both males and females. The underlying mechanism linking estrogenic regulation in adipose tissue and systemic glucose metabolism has not been fully elucidated, but is thought to include interactions of estrogen receptor signaling events involving lipolytic and/or lipogenic enzyme activity, free fatty acid metabolism, and adipocytokine production. Thus, understanding the effects of estrogen replacement on adipose tissue biology and metabolism is important in determining the risk of developing obesity-related metabolic disorders in patients undergoing treatment for sex hormone deficiency. In this report, we review literature regarding the role of estrogens and their corresponding receptors in the control of adipose metabolism and glucose homeostasis in both rodents and humans. We also discuss the effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators on glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Weigt C, Hertrampf T, Kluxen FM, Flenker U, Hülsemann F, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P. Molecular effects of ER alpha- and beta-selective agonists on regulation of energy homeostasis in obese female Wistar rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 377:147-58. [PMID: 23871901 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of selective ER subtype activation on lipogenesis, adipogenesis, lipid utilization and storage as well as glucose metabolism are currently largely unknown and were analyzed in female OVX Wistar rats on a high-fat diet. Rats received estradiol (E2), ER subtype-selective agonists (Alpha and Beta), and genistein (Gen) for 10 weeks. In adipose tissue, treatment with E2, Alpha, and Beta significantly decreased lipogenic (SREBP-1c, FAS) and adipogenic genes (LPL, PPAR gamma). In liver and skeletal muscle of E2-, Alpha-, Beta-, and Gen-treated animals, lipogenesis and triglyceride accumulation were significantly reduced. Increased hepatic and muscular PPAR gamma mRNA expression was observed in untreated, Beta- and Gen-treated animals, which correlates with increased hepatic glucose uptake. However, only untreated animals showed impaired insulin sensitivity compared to all other groups. Therefore, PPAR gamma up-regulation in untreated animals suggests a compensatory mechanism, probably due to increased triglyceride accumulation in non-adipose tissues. Beta- and Gen-treated animals may benefit from the anabolic potency of ER beta that ameliorates lipid and glucose utilization in muscle. Activation of either ER subtype reduces fat enrichment and improves insulin sensitivity. Depending on the investigated tissue, different molecular pathways seem to be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Weigt
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Claudio ERG, Endlich PW, Santos RL, Moysés MR, Bissoli NS, Gouvêa SA, Silva JF, Lemos VS, Abreu GR. Effects of chronic swimming training and oestrogen therapy on coronary vascular reactivity and expression of antioxidant enzymes in ovariectomized rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64806. [PMID: 23755145 PMCID: PMC3670897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of swimming training (SW) and oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on coronary vascular reactivity and the expression of antioxidant enzymes in ovariectomized rats. Animals were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham (SH), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with E2 (OE2), ovariectomized with exercise (OSW), and ovariectomized with E2 plus exercise (OE2+SW). The SW protocol (5×/week, 60 min/day) and/or ERT were conducted for 8 weeks; the vasodilator response to bradykinin was analysed (Langendorff Method), and the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1 and 2, catalase) and eNOS and iNOS were evaluated by Western blotting. SW and ERT improved the vasodilator response to the highest dose of bradykinin (1000 ng). However, in the OSW group, this response was improved at 100, 300 and 1000 ng when compared to OVX (p<0,05). The SOD-1 expression was increased in all treated/trained groups compared to the OVX group (p<0,05), and catalase expression increased in the OSW group only. In the trained group, eNOS increased vs. OE2, and iNOS decreased vs. SHAM (p<0,05). SW may represent an alternative to ERT by improving coronary vasodilation, most likely by increasing antioxidant enzyme and eNOS expression and augmenting NO bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick R G Claudio
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
McCarthy AM, Menke A, Visvanathan K. Association of bilateral oophorectomy and body fatness in a representative sample of US women. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 129:559-64. [PMID: 23428461 PMCID: PMC4000531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical studies suggest that abrupt hormone deprivation caused by oophorectomy, leads to obesity and its metabolic sequelae. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association between oophorectomy and body fatness in a nationally representative sample of women. METHODS The association between prior oophorectomy and nine adiposity measures was examined using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). The analytic population included cancer-free women age 40 or older (N=3549) who underwent standardized body measurements and reported on whether or not they had a bilateral oophorectomy. Multivariate linear and polytomous logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association of oophorectomy with multiple measures of adiposity. RESULTS Mean percent body fat, skinfold thickness, waist circumference and body mass index were significantly higher in women with oophorectomy before age 40 compared to those with intact ovaries, but no difference was observed in women with oophorectomy at an older age. Women who underwent an early oophorectomy were nearly three times more likely than women with intact ovaries to have percent body fat in the highest tertile compared to the lowest tertile (OR=2.82, 95% CI 1.39-5.75). Excluding hormone therapy (HT) users yielded stronger associations. CONCLUSION Bilateral oophorectomy in young women is strongly associated with an increase in percent body fat, a well-established risk factor for cancer and other chronic diseases. Measuring body fat in addition to BMI may provide a more comprehensive assessment of adiposity in these women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie McCarthy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andy Menke
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Influence of chronic alcoholism and oestrogen deficiency on the variation of stoichiometry of hydroxyapatite within alveolar bone crest of rats. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1385-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
35
|
Seidlova-Wuttke D, Stecher G, Kammann M, Haunschild J, Eder N, Stahnke V, Wessels J, Wuttke W. Osteoprotective effects of Cimicifuga racemosa and its triterpene-saponins are responsible for reduction of bone marrow fat. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:855-860. [PMID: 22739411 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elderly people often develop visceral obesity accompanied by osteoporosis. Visceral adipocytes secrete a number of adipokines and cytokines which augment the development of arteriosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Bone marrow fat cells also secrete these pro-inflammatory cytokines which stimulate osteoclast and inhibit osteoblast activity. Ovariectomized (ovx) rats also develop general and bone marrow obesity and osteoporosis both of which can be partially prevented by estradiol (E2) and the special extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR) BNO 1055. Whether this extract or the thereof isolated triterpene-saponins or polar substances can also prevent bone marrow obesity and thereby the development of osteoporosis was compared with the effects of estradiol (E2). METHODS Rats were ovx and fed with food containing either CR BNO 1055 or its triterpene-saponin or polar constituents or with E2 for 4 weeks. Histomorphometry and STRUT analyses were applied to histological preparations to determine the amount of trabecles, hematopoietic and fat tissue in the bone marrow. RESULTS Ovx rats lost significant amounts of trabecular BMD, surface and nodes while the number of free trabecular ends and fat load in the marrow increased. This was totally prevented by E2 and partially by CR BNO 1055 and the triterpene-saponin but not by the polar fraction. High serum osteocalcin and CrossLaps levels were reduced by E2 and the S-fraction. CONCLUSIONS It is well established that E2 prevents osteoporosis. It is also known that CR BNO 1055 does not contain estrogenic substances. CR BNO 1055 and the triterpene-saponin-fraction reduced the development of osteoporosis most likely by a reduction of the bone marrow fat load and possibly by reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the triterpene-saponin-fraction may serve as a basis for a new osteoporosis preventing preparation also in human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Seidlova-Wuttke
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Seidlova-Wuttke D, Eder N, Stahnke V, Kammann M, Stecher G, Haunschild J, Wessels JT, Wuttke W. Cimicifuga racemosa and its triterpene-saponins prevent the Metabolic Syndrome and deterioration of cartilage in the knee joint of ovariectomized rats by similar mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:846-853. [PMID: 22608295 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An unphysiologic accumulation of fat cells in many parts of the body including abdomen and joints results in increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which have adverse effects on serum lipids, glucose and on joint cartilage. The special extract of Cimicifuga racemosa CR BNO 1055 was shown to reduce the size of the abdominal fat depot. It was therefore tempting to test whether this extract, its saponin and its unpolar and polar fractions S- and R-fraction respectively (no quotation) also reduce fat depots and fat cell accumulation in a fat depot located in the lower hind leg (called paratibial fat depot = PFD), in joint fat pads (in the knee joint this is called Hoffa's fat pad) that occur in response to ovariectomy and whether this was accompanied by reduced serum lipids, glucose and improved cartilage features in the knee joint. METHODS Rats (n = 10/group) were ovariectomized (ovx) and fed with CR BNO 1055, S- or R-fraction containing food (average intake 8.2, or 2.05 or 7.07 mg/day/animal) for 4 weeks. Ovx rats kept under no additive-containing food served as controls. The sizes of the PFD, of Hoffa's fat pad and of the cartilage thickness of the knee joints were determined by quantitative computer tomography and histomorphometrically. In the serum cholesterol, leptin and glucose levels were measured. RESULTS High load with fat tissue in the PFD and in the knee joints was present in the ovx rats. Treatment with CR BNO 1055 and its S-fraction reduced fat load of both, Hoffa's fat pad and of the PFD significantly and this resulted in reduced body weight which was significant under CR BNO 1055. Fat load in the PFD correlated significantly with the height of serum leptin and cholesterol. The fat load in the knee joint correlated inversely with the size of knee cartilage tissue. CONCLUSIONS High fat load of the body increases following ovx and this causes increased serum leptin, cholesterol and glucose levels. Following ovx the size of Hoffa's fat pad increases also significantly and this has adverse effects on knee cartilage tissue. Therefore, increased fat tissue in joints appears to belong to the Metabolic Syndrome. This effect can be largely prevented by CR BNO 1005 and its S- but not by its R-fraction. Hence, the saponins in CR BNO 1055 may be useful in preventing the Metabolic Syndrome and osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
37
|
McCarthy AM, Menke A, Ouyang P, Visvanathan K. Bilateral oophorectomy, body mass index, and mortality in U.S. women aged 40 years and older. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:847-54. [PMID: 22556202 PMCID: PMC3401905 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-11-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bilateral oophorectomy is used as a risk reduction strategy in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, although data on long-term side effects are not yet available. In the general population, oophorectomy, particularly at a young age, has been associated with increased overall and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The mechanisms for this association are not well understood. We examined the association between prior bilateral oophorectomy, obesity, and all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality. Our study population included women ages 40 and above from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a nationally representative survey with enrollment from 1988 to 1994 and prospective mortality follow-up through December 31, 2006. We excluded women with a history of reproductive cancer or missing oophorectomy status, yielding a study population of 4,040. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate HR for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In multivariate analyses, body mass index (BMI) significantly modified the association between oophorectomy and mortality (P(interaction) = 0.04). Women who were obese at the time of interview and who had an oophorectomy at less than 40 years were more than twice as likely to die [HR, 2.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-3.98], particularly of CVD (HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 0.91-8.41), than nonobese women with intact ovaries. These associations persisted after excluding women who used estrogen therapy and women who had oophorectomy before 35 years of age. The joint effect of obesity and early oophorectomy on mortality was significantly greater than expected, given the independent effects of both exposures. Our results suggest that minimizing weight gain after oophorectomy and addressing cardiovascular risk factors could beneficially impact mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie McCarthy
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andy Menke
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maurel DB, Pallu S, Jaffré C, Fazzalari NL, Boisseau N, Uzbekov R, Benhamou CL, Rochefort GY. Osteocyte apoptosis and lipid infiltration as mechanisms of alcohol-induced bone loss. Alcohol Alcohol 2012; 47:413-22. [PMID: 22596044 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/ags057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We carried out an in vivo study to assess the relationship between increase in adiposity in the marrow and osteocyte apoptosis in the case of alcohol-induced bone loss. METHODS AND RESULTS After alcohol treatment, the number of apoptotic osteocytes was increased and lipid droplets were accumulated within the osteocytes, the bone marrow and the cortical bone micro-vessels. At last, we found an inverse correlation between bone mineral density and osteocyte apoptosis and strong significant correlations between the osteocyte apoptotic number and lipid droplet accumulation in osteocyte and bone micro-vessels. CONCLUSION These data show that alcohol-induced bone loss is associated with osteocyte apoptosis and lipid accumulation in the bone tissue. This lipid intoxication, or 'bone steatosis', is correlated with lipid accumulation in bone marrow and blood micro-vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine B Maurel
- IPROS Unité Inserm U658, Hôpital Porte Madeleine, 1 rue Porte Madeleine, BP 2439, Orléans cedex 01 45032, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zoth N, Weigt C, Zengin S, Selder O, Selke N, Kalicinski M, Piechotta M, Diel P. Metabolic effects of estrogen substitution in combination with targeted exercise training on the therapy of obesity in ovariectomized Wistar rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 130:64-72. [PMID: 22330197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women tend to have a higher risk in developing obesity and thus metabolic syndrome. Recently we could demonstrate that physical activity and estrogen replacement are effective strategies to prevent the development of nutritional induced obesity in an animal model. The aim of this study was to determine the combined effects of estrogen treatment and exercise training on already established obesity. Therefore ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated (SHAM) female Wistar rats were exposed to a high fat diet for ten months. After this induction period obese SHAM and OVX rats either remained sedentary or performed treadmill training for six weeks. In addition OVX rats were treated with 17β-Estradiol (E(2)) alone, or in combination with training. Before and after intervention effects on lipid and glucose metabolism were investigated. Training resulted in SHAM and OVX rats in a significant decrease of body weight, subcutaneous and visceral body fat, size of adipocytes and the serum levels of leptin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides. In OVX animals E(2) treatment resulted in similar effects. Often the combination of E(2) treatment and training was most effective. Analysis of the respiratory quotient indicates that SHAM animals had a better fat burning capacity than OVX rats. There was a tendency that training in SHAM animals and E(2) treatment in OVX animals could improve this capacity. Analysis of glucose metabolism revealed that obese SHAM animals had higher glucose tolerance than OVX animals. Training improved glucose tolerance in SHAM and OVX rats, E(2) treatment in OVX rats. The combination of both was most effective. Our results indicate that even after a short intervention period of six weeks E(2) treatment and exercise training improve parameters related to lipid as well as glucose metabolism and energy expenditure in a model of already established obesity. In conclusion a combination of hormone replacement therapy and exercise training could be a very effective strategy to encourage the therapy of diet-induced obesity and its metabolic consequences in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Zoth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Weigt C, Hertrampf T, Zoth N, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P. Impact of estradiol, ER subtype specific agonists and genistein on energy homeostasis in a rat model of nutrition induced obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:227-38. [PMID: 22230815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are known to be involved in the control of energy homeostasis. Here we investigated the role of ER alpha and ER beta in a model of nutrition induced obesity. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were fed a high fat diet and received either vehicle, E2, ER subtype selective agonists (Alpha and Beta) or genistein. After 10 weeks, body weight, visceral fat, serum leptin, blood lipids, and in the soleus muscle anabolic markers were determined. Treatment with E2 and Alpha decreased body weight, total cholesterol and VLDL. Visceral fat mass, adipocyte size, and serum leptin were reduced by E2, Alpha and Beta. In the soleus muscle, treatment with E2 and Beta modulated Igf1 and Pax7 gene expression and resulted in larger muscle fibers. Our data indicate that blood lipids are affected via ER alpha, whereas activation of ER beta results in an increase of soleus muscle mass. Adipose tissue homeostasis seems to be affected via both ERs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Weigt
- German Sports University Cologne, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Velders M, Schleipen B, Fritzemeier KH, Zierau O, Diel P. Selective estrogen receptor-β activation stimulates skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. FASEB J 2012; 26:1909-20. [PMID: 22278942 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-194779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that estrogens augment skeletal muscle regeneration processes after injury. To study the contribution of estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) during muscle regeneration, skeletal muscles of ovariectomized (OVX) rats, as well as ERα- and ERβ-knockout (αErko and βErko) mice, were injured with a myotoxin (notexin). OVX rats were simultaneously treated with the ER-selective ligands genistein, ERα agonist 16α-LE2 (alpha), ERβ agonist 8β-VE2 (beta), or 17β-estradiol (E(2)). OVX rats showed significantly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after muscle injury compared to intact sham-treated animals. Treatment with ER ligands significantly reduced CK activity. TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1 expression served to characterize immune responses. Treatment with all ER ligands, but particularly E(2) and beta, reduced TNF-α, but elevated MCP-1 and IL-10 expression. PCNA and MyoD expression served to define satellite cell activation and proliferation and were found to be up-regulated by beta and E(2). To further study muscle regeneration responses, expression of the embryonic myosin heavy chain (MHC) was analyzed. Beta and E(2) but not alpha increased embryonic MHC expression compared to OVX. The absence of ERβ in βErko mice negatively affected CK activity levels and expression of satellite cell and muscle regeneration markers (MHC embryonic, MyoD, Pax7) compared with αErko and wild-type mice. In a classic Hershberger assay using male rats, beta stimulated muscle growth, accompanied by a strong induction of IGF-1 expression. Our data provide evidence that ERβ signaling is involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth and regeneration by stimulating anabolic pathways, activating satellite cells and modulating immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Velders
- Department Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee J, Cho HS, Kim DY, Cho JY, Chung JS, Lee HK, Seong NH, Kim WK. Combined effects of exercise and soy isoflavone diet on paraoxonase, nitric oxide and aortic apoptosis in ovariectomized rats. Appetite 2011; 58:462-9. [PMID: 22227066 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise and soy isoflavone diets have been suggested to reduce the risk of CVD in postmenopausal women. We investigated the effects of exercise, or combined exercise and soy isoflavone diet, on plasma lipid profiles, paraoxonase (PON), nitric oxide (NO) and apoptosis in the aorta of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: OVX with general diet (OVX-GD), OVX with isoflavone diet (OVX-ISO), OVX-GD with exercise training (OVX-ET) and OVX-ISO with exercise training (OVX-ISO+ET). The experimental rats undertook treadmill training (30 min/day, 4 days/week) and/or were supplied a soy isoflavone diet (added to the experimental diet at 2.39 mg/g protein) for 12 weeks. Body weight and levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in the OVX rats and HDL-C decreased. These effects were reduced by exercise and/or soy isoflavone supplementation. PON and NO activities were higher in the OVX-ISO+ET group than in the OVX-GD group. In addition, this group had lower caspase-9 and -3 and higher Bcl-2 expression, and there was less aortic apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that a combination of exercise and a soy isoflavone diet has beneficial effects in terms of protecting against cardiovascular risk factors by controlling lipid profiles and the related enzyme, PON, as well as NO activity and apoptosis of the aorta in OVX rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Collage of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mosler S, Pankratz C, Seyfried A, Piechotta M, Diel P. The anabolic steroid methandienone targets the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis and myostatin signaling in a rat training model. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:109-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
44
|
Gloy V, Langhans W, Hillebrand JJG, Geary N, Asarian L. Ovariectomy and overeating palatable, energy-dense food increase subcutaneous adipose tissue more than intra-abdominal adipose tissue in rats. Biol Sex Differ 2011; 2:6. [PMID: 21569336 PMCID: PMC3114698 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause is associated with increased adiposity, especially increased deposition of intra-abdominal (IA) adipose tissue (AT). This differs from common or 'dietary' obesity, i.e., obesity apparently due to environmentally stimulated overeating, in which IAAT and subcutaneous (S) AT increase in similar proportions. The effect of menopause on adiposity is thought to be due to the decreased secretion of ovarian estrogens. Ovariectomy in rats and other animals is a commonly used model of menopause. It is well known that ovariectomy increases adiposity and that this can be reversed by estradiol treatment, but whether ovariectomy selectively increases IAAT has not been measured directly. Therefore, we used micro-computed tomography (microCT) to investigate this question in both chow-fed and dietary-obese rats. METHODS Ovariectomized, ovariectomized and estradiol treated, and sham-operated (intact) rats were fed chow or chow plus Ensure (Abbott Nutrition; n = 7/group). Total (T) AT, IAAT and SAT were measured periodically by microCT. Regional distribution of AT was expressed as IAAT as a percentage of TAT (%IAAT). Excesses in these measures were calculated with respect to chow-fed intact rats to control for normal maturational changes. Chemical analysis of fat was done in chow-fed intact and ovariectomized rats at study end. Data were analyzed by t-tests and planned comparisons. RESULTS Body mass, TAT, total fat mass, fat-free body mass, and %IAAT all increased in chow-fed intact rats during the 41 d study. In chow-fed rats, ovariectomy increased excess body mass, TAT, fat mass, fat-free body mass, and SAT, but had little effect on IAAT, in chow-fed rats, leading to a decrease in %IAAT. Ensure feeding markedly increased SAT, IAAT and TAT and did not significantly affect %IAAT. Ovariectomy had similar effects in Ensure-fed rats as in chow-fed rats, although less statistically reliable. Estradiol treatment prevented all the effects of ovariectomy. CONCLUSIONS Both ovariectomy in rats and menopause are associated with increased TAT. After ovariectomy, fat is preferentially deposited as SAT and lean body mass increases, whereas after menopause fat is preferentially deposited as IAAT and lean body mass decreases. These opposite effects of ovariectomy and menopause on regional AT distribution and lean body mass indicate that ovariectomy in rats is not a homologous model of menopause-associated changes in body composition that should be used with great caution in investigations of adiposity-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Gloy
- Physiology and Behaviour Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behaviour Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jacquelien JG Hillebrand
- Physiology and Behaviour Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinical Chemistry, Ziekenhuisgroep Twente Hengelo, the Netherlands
| | - Nori Geary
- Physiology and Behaviour Laboratory, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lori Asarian
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|