1
|
Gao L, Li YJ, Zhao JM, Liao YX, Qin MC, Li JJ, Shi H, Wong NK, Lyu ZP, Shen JG. Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Preventive Effect of Chinese Medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3810-9. [PMID: 38941044 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathological process involving multiple injury factors and cell types, with different stages. Currently, protective drugs targeting a single condition are limited in efficacy, and interventions on immune cells will also be accompanied by a series of side effects. In the current bottleneck research stage, the multi-target and obvious clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) is expected to become a breakthrough point in the research and development of new drugs. In this review, we summarize the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in various stages of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and on various types of cells. Combined with the current research progress in reducing ROS/RNS with CM, new therapies and mechanisms for the treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yun-Jia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital/the First Clinical Medicine School of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yu-Xin Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meng-Chen Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518112, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Lyu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian-Gang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li A, Wu S, Li Q, Wang Q, Chen Y. Elucidating the Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions of Gaseous Mediators in the Context of Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:515. [PMID: 38790620 PMCID: PMC11117599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a pathological alteration of the repair response, involves continuous organ damage, scar formation, and eventual functional failure in various chronic inflammatory disorders. Unfortunately, clinical practice offers limited treatment strategies, leading to high mortality rates in chronic diseases. As part of investigations into gaseous mediators, or gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), numerous studies have confirmed their beneficial roles in attenuating fibrosis. Their therapeutic mechanisms, which involve inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation, have been increasingly elucidated. Additionally, novel gasotransmitters like hydrogen (H2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) have emerged as promising options for fibrosis treatment. In this review, we primarily demonstrate and summarize the protective and therapeutic effects of gaseous mediators in the process of fibrosis, with a focus on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in combating fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Siyuan Wu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qian Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China; (A.L.); (S.W.); (Q.L.)
- Engineering Technology Research Center for The Utilization of Functional Components of Organic Natural Products, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wooton-Kee CR. Therapeutic implications of impaired nuclear receptor function and dysregulated metabolism in Wilson's disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108529. [PMID: 37741465 PMCID: PMC10841433 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element that is required for the activity of many enzymes and cellular processes, including energy homeostasis and neurotransmitter biosynthesis; however, excess copper accumulation results in significant cellular toxicity. The liver is the major organ for maintaining copper homeostasis. Inactivating mutations of the copper-transporting P-type ATPase, ATP7B, result in Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disorder that requires life-long medicinal therapy or liver transplantation. Current treatment protocols are limited to either sequestration of copper via chelation or reduction of copper absorption in the gut (zinc therapy). The goal of these strategies is to reduce free copper, redox stress, and cellular toxicity. Several lines of evidence in Wilson's disease animal models and patients have revealed altered hepatic metabolism and impaired hepatic nuclear receptor activity. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that coordinate hepatic metabolism in normal and diseased livers, and several hepatic nuclear receptors have decreased activity in Wilson's disease and Atp7b-/- models. In this review, we summarize the basic physiology that underlies Wilson's disease pathology, Wilson's disease animal models, and the possibility of targeting nuclear receptor activity in Wilson's disease patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharieff S, Idrees A, Rafai W, Bukhari SUS. Use of Oral N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in Non-Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure. Cureus 2023; 15:e35852. [PMID: 37033589 PMCID: PMC10077496 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) is a syndrome rather than a specific disease with several possible causes, and viral hepatitis is a major cause. The objective of the study was to assess the benefit of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (NAI-ALF). METHODS A total of six patients with a diagnosis of acute liver failure (ALF) were included in the study. All six patients received oral NAC for 72 hrs. The parameters evaluated were demographic, clinical, biochemical, outcome, and length of ICU and hospital stay. The primary outcome was a reduction in mortality with the use of NAC in NAI-ALF. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate the safety of NAC and assess factors predicting mortality. RESULTS All patients improved and returned to normal or near-normal liver function with the use of NAC. No side effects were noted, and the use of NAC was associated with a shorter hospital stay. CONCLUSION In patients with non-acetaminophen-related acute liver failure, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly improves overall survival and also decreases the length of hospital stay.
Collapse
|
5
|
Seo HY, Lee SH, Han E, Hwang JS, Han S, Kim MK, Jang BK. Evogliptin Directly Inhibits Inflammatory and Fibrotic Signaling in Isolated Liver Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911636. [PMID: 36232933 PMCID: PMC9569597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Kupffer cells (KC) secrete proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and so play an important role in liver inflammation, where they induce hepatocellular damage. LPS also activates hepatic stellate cells and induces extracellular matrix deposition. In this study, we used isolated primary KC, primary hepatocytes, and primary hepatic stellate cells (HSC) to investigate whether evogliptin directly inhibits inflammatory and fibrotic signaling. We found that evogliptin inhibited LPS-induced secretion of inducible nitric oxide synthase and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) from KC. Moreover, evogliptin inhibited inflammatory mediator release from hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cell activation that were induced by KC-secreted cytokines. In hepatocytes, evogliptin also inhibited LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and fibrotic TGF-β. In addition, evogliptin inhibited TGF-β-induced increases in connective tissue growth factor levels and HSC activation. These findings indicate that evogliptin inhibits inflammatory and fibrotic signaling in liver cells. We also showed that the inhibitory effect of evogliptin on inflammatory and fibrotic signaling is associated with the induction of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - So-Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Eugene Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Sol Han
- Department of Physiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.K.); (B.K.J.); Tel.: +82-53-258-7730 (M.K.K.); +82-53-258-7720 (B.K.J.)
| | - Byoung Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.K.); (B.K.J.); Tel.: +82-53-258-7730 (M.K.K.); +82-53-258-7720 (B.K.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choudhury A, Ratna A, Lim A, Sebastian RM, Moore CL, Filliol AA, Bledsoe J, Dai C, Schwabe RF, Shoulders MD, Mandrekar P. Loss of heat shock factor 1 promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and drives liver fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2781-2797. [PMID: 35945902 PMCID: PMC9512451 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an aberrant wound healing response that results from chronic injury and is mediated by hepatocellular death and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). While induction of oxidative stress is well established in fibrotic livers, there is limited information on stress‐mediated mechanisms of HSC activation. Cellular stress triggers an adaptive defense mechanism via master protein homeostasis regulator, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), which induces heat shock proteins to respond to proteotoxic stress. Although the importance of HSF1 in restoring cellular homeostasis is well‐established, its potential role in liver fibrosis is unknown. Here, we show that HSF1 messenger RNA is induced in human cirrhotic and murine fibrotic livers. Hepatocytes exhibit nuclear HSF1, whereas stellate cells expressing alpha smooth muscle actin do not express nuclear HSF1 in human cirrhosis. Interestingly, despite nuclear HSF1, murine fibrotic livers did not show induction of HSF1 DNA binding activity compared with controls. HSF1‐deficient mice exhibit augmented HSC activation and fibrosis despite limited pro‐inflammatory cytokine response and display delayed fibrosis resolution. Stellate cell and hepatocyte‐specific HSF1 knockout mice exhibit higher induction of profibrogenic response, suggesting an important role for HSF1 in HSC activation and fibrosis. Stable expression of dominant negative HSF1 promotes fibrogenic activation of HSCs. Overactivation of HSF1 decreased phosphorylation of JNK and prevented HSC activation, supporting a protective role for HSF1. Our findings identify an unconventional role for HSF1 in liver fibrosis. Conclusion: Our results show that deficiency of HSF1 is associated with exacerbated HSC activation promoting liver fibrosis, whereas activation of HSF1 prevents profibrogenic HSC activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anuradha Ratna
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arlene Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca M Sebastian
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher L Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aveline A Filliol
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jacob Bledsoe
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chengkai Dai
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert F Schwabe
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew D Shoulders
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Tantawy WH, Temraz A. Anti-fibrotic activity of natural products, herbal extracts and nutritional components for prevention of liver fibrosis: review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:382-393. [PMID: 31711319 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1684952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a grave problem worldwide, and the development of this condition is the first step towards cirrhosis. In fact, when lesions of different aetiologies chronically affect the liver, it triggers fibrogenesis, the resulting damage and the progression of fibrosis cause serious clinical influences including severe complications, expensive treatments, and death in end-stage liver disease. Although impressive progress has been reported in understanding the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, no effective agent has been developed to prevent or reverse the fibrotic process directly. This article reviews natural products, herbal medicines and nutritional components that exhibited an anti-fibrotic activity through different mechanisms of action, including suppressing of cytokine production, inhibition of hepatic stellate cells "HSCs" propagation, modulation of the molecular mechanisms leading to hepatic fibrosis, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy For Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nasir B, Khan AU, Baig MW, Althobaiti YS, Faheem M, Haq IU. Datura stramonium Leaf Extract Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activity in CCL 4-Induced Hepatic Injury Model by Modulating Oxidative Stress Markers and iNOS/Nrf2 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1382878. [PMID: 35342748 PMCID: PMC8942637 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1382878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a frequent phenomenon in the pathogenesis of hepatic disorders leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Phytopharmaceuticals developed from traditional medicine can provide effective therapeutic alternatives to conventional medications. Datura stramonium (DS) has reported traditional uses in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we have tried to validate its potential as a source of anti-inflammatory agents. Methods Powdered leaf part of DS was extracted using ethyl acetate (EA) to provide the extract (DSL-EA). Lymphocyte and macrophage viability and acute toxicity assays established the safety profile, while nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay estimated the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. Noninvasive anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antinociceptive activities were monitored using BALB/c mice using low and high doses (150 and 250 mg/kg). Major inflammatory studies were performed on Sprague-Dawley male rats using CCl4-induced liver injury model. Disease induction was initiated by intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (1 mL/kg of 30% CCl4 in olive oil). The rats were divided into six groups. The anti-inflammatory potential of DSL-EA in low and high doses (150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively) was assessed through hematological, biochemical, liver antioxidant defense, oxidative stress markers, and histological studies as well as the expression of Nrf2 and iNOS. Results DSL-EA exhibited prominent in vitro NO scavenging (IC50: 7.625 ± 0.51 μg/mL) and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in paw and anal edema models. In CCl4 model, hematological investigations revealed vasotonic effects. Liver functionality was significantly (P < 0.001 - 0.05) improved in DSL-EA-treated rats. The activity level of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in liver tissues was improved in a manner identical to silymarin. The extract reduced the percent concentration of oxidative stress markers in liver tissues. Furthermore, DSL-EA displayed restorative effects on histological parameters (H and E and Masson's trichrome staining). Immunohistochemistry studies showed marked decline in Nrf2 expression, while overexpression of iNOS was also observed in disease control rats. The damage was distinctly reversed by the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf S. Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan-Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Ameliorative Effects of Saikosaponin in Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111383. [PMID: 34768813 PMCID: PMC8583725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders are a major health concern. Saikosaponin-d (SSd) is an effective active ingredient extracted from Bupleurum falcatum, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its hepatoprotective properties and underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of SSd treatment for thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male C57BL/6 mice. The SSd group showed significantly higher food intake, body weight, and hepatic antioxidative enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and lower hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) compared with controls, as well as reduced expression of inflammation-related genes (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) messenger RNA (mRNA). In NAFLD mice, SSd reduced serum ALT, AST, triglycerides, fatty acid–binding protein 4 (FABP4) and sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mRNA, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-related proteins (phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α subunit (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). SSd has a hepatoprotective effect in liver injury by suppressing inflammatory responses and acting as an antioxidant.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsai MY, Yang WC, Lin CF, Wang CM, Liu HY, Lin CS, Lin JW, Lin WL, Lin TC, Fan PS, Hung KH, Lu YW, Chang GR. The Ameliorative Effects of Fucoidan in Thioacetaide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071937. [PMID: 33808318 PMCID: PMC8036993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders have been recognized as one major health concern. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the brown seaweed Fucus serratus, has previously been reported as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, the discovery and validation of its hepatoprotective properties and elucidation of its mechanisms of action are still unknown. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect and possible modes of action of a treatment of fucoidan against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in male C57BL/6 mice by serum biochemical and histological analyses. The mouse model for liver damage was developed by the administration of TAA thrice a week for six weeks. The mice with TAA-induced liver injury were orally administered fucoidan once a day for 42 days. The treated mice showed significantly higher body weights; food intakes; hepatic antioxidative enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)); and a lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Additionally, a reduced hepatic IL-6 level and a decreased expression of inflammatory-related genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was observed. These results demonstrated that fucoidan had a hepatoprotective effect on liver injury through the suppression of the inflammatory responses and acting as an antioxidant. In addition, here, we validated the use of fucoidan against liver disorders with supporting molecular data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Tsai
- Animal Industry Division, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 112 Muchang, Xinhua Dist, Tainan 71246, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (W.-C.Y.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Hsien-Yueh Liu
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (W.-C.Y.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
- General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Pei-Shan Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| | - Yu-Wen Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 1 Section, 542 Chung-Shan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 6 Lugong Road, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dihydro-stilbene gigantol relieves CCl 4-induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in mice via inhibiting C5b-9 formation in the liver. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1433-1445. [PMID: 32404983 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, anti-inflammatory treatment is considered for multiple liver diseases despite the etiology. But current drugs for alleviating liver inflammation have defects, making it necessary to develop more potent and safer drugs for liver injury. In this study, we screened a series of (dihydro-)stilbene or (dihydro-)phenanthrene derivatives extracted from Pholidota chinensis for their potential biological activities. Among 31 compounds, the dihydro-stilbene gigantol exerted most potent protective effects on human hepatocytes against lithocholic acid toxicity, and exhibited solid antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. In mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury, pre-administration of gigantol (10, 20, 40 mg· kg-1· d-1, po, for 7 days) dose-dependently decreased serum transaminase levels and improved pathological changes in liver tissues. The elevated lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses in the livers were also significantly alleviated by gigantol. The pharmacokinetic studies showed that gigantol was highly concentrated in the mouse livers, which consisted with its efficacy in preventing liver injury. Using a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis we revealed that gigantol mainly regulated the immune system process in liver tissues of CCl4-treated mice, and the complement and coagulation cascades was the predominant pathway; gigantol markedly inhibited the expression of complement component C9, which was a key component for the formation of terminal complement complex (TCC) C5b-9. These results were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or real time-PCR. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that gigantol significantly inhibited the vascular deposition of TCC in the liver. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that oral administration of gigantol potently relieves liver oxidative stress and inflammation, possibly via a novel mechanism of inhibiting the C5b-9 formation in the liver.
Collapse
|
12
|
Grezzana Filho TDJM, Longo L, Santos JLD, Gabiatti G, Boffil C, Santos EBD, Cerski CTS, Chedid MF, Corso CO. Induction of selective liver hypothermia prevents significant ischemia/reperfusion injury in Wistar rats after 24 hours. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000205. [PMID: 32428061 PMCID: PMC7217597 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200020000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of induction of selective liver hypothermia in a rodent model. Methods Seven male Wistar rats were subjected to 90 minutes of partial 70% liver ischemia and topic liver 26°C hypothermia (H group). Other seven male Wistar rats were subjected to 90 minutes of partial 70% normothermic liver ischemia (N group). Five additional rats underwent a midline incision and section of liver ligaments under normothermic conditions and without any liver ischemia (sham group). All animals were sacrificed 24-h after reperfusion, and livers were sampled for analyses. Pathology sections were scored for sinusoidal congestion, ballooning, hepatocelllular necrosis and the presence of neutrophilic infiltrates. Results At the end of the experiment, liver tissue expressions of TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, iNOS and TNF-ɑ/IL-10 ratio were significantly reduced in the H group compared to N group, whereas IL-10 and eNOS were significantly increased in H group. Histopathological injury scores revealed a significant decrease in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in H group. Conclusion Selective liver hypothermia prevented I/R injury by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines, preserves microcirculation, prevents hepatocellular necrosis and leukocyte infiltration, allowing maintenance of the liver architecture.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abrahamovych M, Abrahamovych O, Fayura O, Tolopko S. Relation between redox homeostasis blood parameters in cirrhotic patients and endothelial dysfunction development. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2020; 66:98-105. [PMID: 32218418 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.20.02654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver is one of the first organs to be exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). But the data about the levels of redox homeostasis parameters in the patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) are contradictory. We hypothesized that the levels of malondialdehyde and catalase should change in accordance with the LC severity causing the endothelial dysfunction. METHODS In a randomized way with the preliminary stratification by the presence of LC 81 patients and 20 healthy volunteers were examined. To determine the contents of catalase, malondialdehyde, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, endothelin-1, renin, aldosterone, natriuretic peptide, the routine standardized methods were used. RESULTS Patients with LC revealed the statistically significant increase of malondialdehyde and decrease of catalase levels in parallel with the increase of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, endothelin-1, renin, aldosterone, natriuretic peptide contents and disease course worsening according to the Child-Pugh criteria. It testifies the huge oxidative stress impact on the organism. Initially, at the stage of LC compensation, it slightly stimulates the activation of antioxidant system, followed by its gradual suppression at the stages of sub- and decompensation. Disorders of redox homeostasis lead to the endothelial dysfunction that becomes the background of extrahepatic comorbid disorders. CONCLUSIONS Cirrhotic patients have significant abnormalities in the redox homeostasis, which become the background of the endothelial dysfunction - common trigger mechanism for the syntrophic comorbid diseases and early pathophysiologic symptom of the unfavorable prognosis for such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryana Abrahamovych
- Department of Family Medicine, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Orest Abrahamovych
- Department of Internal Medicine N. 1, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Fayura
- Department of Internal Medicine N. 1, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine -
| | - Solomiya Tolopko
- Department of Internal Medicine N. 1, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dibromoacetic Acid Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice through Oxidative Stress and Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5637235. [PMID: 31827682 PMCID: PMC6886355 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5637235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dibromoacetic acid (DBA) is one of haloacetic acids, often as a by-product of disinfection in drinking water. DBA is a multiple-organ carcinogen in rodent animals, but little research on its hepatotoxicity has been conducted and its mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we found that DBA could induce obvious hepatotoxcity in Balb/c mice as indicated by histological changes, increasing serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and accumulation of hepatic glycogen, after the mice were administered DBA at doses of 1.25, 5, and 20 mg/kg body weight for 28 days via oral gavage. In mechanism study, DBA induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver, advanced oxidative protein products (AOPPs) in the serum, and decreasing the level of glutathione (GSH) in the liver. DBA induced inflammation in the liver of the mice which is supported by increasing the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the mRNA levels of TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in the liver. DBA also upregulated the protein levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), inhibitor of nuclear factor κB alpha (IκB-α), nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), and the phosphoralation of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Conclusion. DBA could induce hepatotoxicity in mice by oral exposure; the mechanism is related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway activation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sofi MH, Wu Y, Schutt SD, Dai M, Daenthanasanmak A, Heinrichs Voss J, Nguyen H, Bastian D, Iamsawat S, Selvam SP, Liu C, Maulik N, Ogretmen B, Jin J, Mehrotra S, Yu XZ. Thioredoxin-1 confines T cell alloresponse and pathogenicity in graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2760-2774. [PMID: 31045571 DOI: 10.1172/jci122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is elevated in the recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HCT) and likely contributes to the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD is characterized by activation, expansion, cytokine production and migration of alloreactive donor T cells, and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allo-HCT. Hence, strategies to limit oxidative stress in GVHD are highly desirable. Thioredoxin1 (Trx1) counteracts oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulating other enzymes that metabolize H2O2. The present study sought to elucidate the role of Trx1 in the pathophysiology of GVHD. Using murine and xenograft models of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) and genetic (human Trx1-transgenic, Trx1-Tg) as well as pharmacologic (human recombinant Trx1, RTrx1) strategies; we found that Trx1-Tg donor T cells or administration of the recipients with RTrx1 significantly reduced GVHD severity. Mechanistically, we observed RTrx1 reduced ROS accumulation and cytokine production of mouse and human T cells in response to alloantigen stimulation in vitro. In allo-BMT settings, we found that Trx1-Tg or RTrx1 decreased downstream signaling molecules including NFκB activation and T-bet expression, and reduced proliferation, IFN-γ production and ROS accumulation in donor T cells within GVHD target organs. More importantly, administration of RTrx1 did not impair the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Taken together, the current work provides a strong rationale and demonstrates feasibility to target the ROS pathway, which can be readily translated into clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | - Min Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | | | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | | | - Shanmugam Panneer Selvam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nilanjana Maulik
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | | | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang J, Li Y, Liu Q, Li R, Pu S, Yang L, Feng Y, Ma L. SKLB023 as an iNOS inhibitor alleviated liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30919-30924. [PMID: 35548714 PMCID: PMC9085473 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related liver fibrosis has been suggested to be a physiological consequence of chronic hepatic injury, necrosis, inflammation and unbalanced intrahepatic lipid metabolism. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is highly expressed in advanced liver fibrosis, and the knockout of iNOS inhibits the progression of hepatic fibrosis. In our previous study, (Z)-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-((2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)acetamide (SKLB023), a novel small-molecule inhibitor of iNOS, blocked joint inflammation and cartilage destruction in arthritis. However, the role and function of SKLB023 in liver fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH mice and LX-2 hepatic stellate cells were chosen to investigate the pharmacological effects of SKLB023 against liver fibrosis and the associated mechanism. Our results show that SKLB023 significantly alleviated MCD diet-induced liver injury, lipid accumulation and liver fibrosis. SKLB023 could suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells by interfering with TGF-β/Smad pathways. Importantly, SKLB023 inhibited the level of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 phosphorylation by blocking the expression of iNOS. These results suggest that SKLB023 might be an effective drug candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, Department of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, Department of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, Department of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, Department of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Shiyun Pu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, Department of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lina Yang
- Kidney Research Lab, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86-28-85423341 +86-28-85164167
| | - Yanhuan Feng
- Kidney Research Lab, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86-28-85423341 +86-28-85164167
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Lab, Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86-28-85423341 +86-28-85164167
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang W, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Cai E, Zhu H, Li P, Liu J. Protective Effects of Sesquiterpenoids from the Root of Panax ginseng on Fulminant Liver Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide/d-Galactosamine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7758-7763. [PMID: 29974747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is reported that sesquiterpenoids from Panax ginseng (SPG) possess various pharmacological activities, for example, antidepressant, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatoprotective effects of SPG (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, i.g.) on fulminant liver injury induced by d-galactosamine (d-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and discuss its mechanisms of action. After 24 h of d-GalN (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and LPS (25 μg/kg, i.p.) exposure, the serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level, hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and hepatic tissue histology were measured. Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), sirtuin type 1 (Sirt 1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were determined by western blotting. The results indicated that SPG evidently restrained the increase of serum ALT and AST levels induced by d-GalN/LPS. SPG obviously downregulated TNF-α and IL-1β levels and their mRNA expression in liver. In addition, d-GalN/LPS injection induced severe oxidative stress in liver by boosting the MDA level as well as decreasing CAT, GSH, and SOD capacities, and SPG reversed these changes. Meanwhile, SPG inhibited NF-κB activation induced by d-GalN/LPS and upregulated Sirt 1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression levels. Therefore, SPG might protect against the fulminant liver injury induced by d-GalN/LPS via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. The protective effect of SPG on fulminant liver injury induced by d-GalN/LPS might be mediated by the Sirt 1/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. All of these results implied that SPG might be a promising food additive and therapeutic agent for fulminant liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology , Changchun Shuangyang District Hospital , Changchun , Jilin 130600 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Li
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pingya Li
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Niu J, Lin Y, Liu P, Yu Y, Su C, Wang X. Microarray analysis on the lncRNA expression profile in male hepatocelluar carcinoma patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76169-76180. [PMID: 27769059 PMCID: PMC5342805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs are involved with development and progression of cancer, and the advance of microarray technology allows the researchers to investigate the complete expression profile of lncRNA in various kinds of sample. We enrolled 5 male primary HCC cases with chronic HBV infection and the HCC and normal tissues have been obtained during the resection surgery. After total RNA extraction, the lncRNA microarray analysis was conducted to determine the lncRNA and mRNA expression signals. 612 lncRNAs and 1,064 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated in HCC tissue while 656 lncRNAs and 1,532 mRNAs were down-regulated in HCC tissues. Compared with normal tissues, XLOC_007433 (fold change: 12.80) and AC144449.1 (fold change: 27.20) were the most over- and under-expressed lncRNAs in HCC tissues. As for the mRNA, THBS4 (fold change:41.13) and CXCL14 (fold change: 58.03) were the most over- and under-expressed mRNAs in HCC tissues when comparing with their normal counterparts. In total, 4,552 pairs of lncRNA-mRNA were identified and the co-expression network was constructed. Moreover, the gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the significantly different transcript between HCC and normal tissues were mainly associated with response to wounding, inflammatory response, protein hetrodimerization activity, response to stress which involved with biological process and molecular function. The pathway analysis suggested that the most significant pathways consisted of alcoholism, regulatory RNA pathways and RNA polymerase transcription. Several novel differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were identified in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Niu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Pingguo Liu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiwen Yu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenghao Su
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Crocin potentiates antioxidant defense system and improves oxidative damage in liver tissue in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:333-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
20
|
Toblli JE, Cao G, Rico L, Angerosa M. Cardiovascular, liver, and renal toxicity associated with an intravenous ferric carboxymaltose similar versus the originator compound. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:3401-3412. [PMID: 29238166 PMCID: PMC5716307 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s151162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a stable, non-dextran-based intravenous iron complex used to treat iron deficiency of various etiologies. As FCM is a nonbiological complex drug and cannot be fully characterized by physicochemical analyses, it is important to demonstrate in nonclinical models that FCM similars (FCMS) have similar biodistribution. Materials and methods A total of 30 nonanemic rats were treated weekly with 40 mg iron/kg body weight intravenous FCM, FCMS, or isotonic saline (controls) for 4 weeks. Blood pressure, liver enzymes, and renal function were evaluated. In liver, heart, and kidney tissue, markers for oxidative stress (malondialdehyde to assess lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes) and inflammation (TNFα and IL6) were measured. Iron deposits were localized. Results The FCMS-treated group had significantly lower blood pressure, higher liver enzymes, increased proteinuria, and reduced creatinine clearance versus the FCM and control groups by day 29. Serum iron and transferrin saturation were significantly higher with FCMS versus FCM or controls. Iron deposition was altered in FCMS-treated animals, with decreased ferritin deposits and iron deposition outside the physiological storage compartments. Markers for lipid peroxidation and antioxidant-enzyme activity were significantly increased after FCMS administration versus FCM and controls, as were inflammatory markers. Conclusion Results from this blinded nonclinical study demonstrated significant differences between the originator FCM and this FCMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Toblli
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cao
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Rico
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margarita Angerosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xiong X, Ren Y, Cui Y, Li R, Wang C, Zhang Y. Obeticholic acid protects mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1292-1298. [PMID: 29174575 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis, as a main manifestation, induces liver injury during sepsis. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays an important role in regulating bile acid homeostasis. Whether FXR activation by its agonist obeticholic acid (OCA) is contributed to improve sepsis-induced liver injury remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of OCA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury in mice. RESULTS 8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, oral OCA group and LPS plus oral OCA (LPS + OCA) group. The serum and livers were collected for further analysis. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bile acid (TBA) and total bilirubin (TBIL) were measured at indicated time after LPS administration. Liver sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E). Orally OCA pretreatment stimulated the expression of FXR and BSEP in livers and protected mice from LPS-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammatory infiltration. Consistently, LPS-induced higher serum levels of ALT, AST, TBA and TBIL were significantly reversed by OCA administration. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 were decreased in livers of mice in LPS + OCA group compared with LPS group. Further investigation indicated that the higher expression of ATF4 and LC3II/I were associated with the protective effect of OCA on LPS-induced liver injury. CONCLUSION Orally OCA pretreatment protects mice from LPS-induced liver injury possibly contributed by improved bile acid homeostasis, decreased inflammatory factors and ATF4-mediated autophagy activity in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuqian Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yun Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yucai Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Institute of Pediatric Critical Care, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.355 Luding Road, Putuo District, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bae M, Park YK, Lee JY. Food components with antifibrotic activity and implications in prevention of liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 55:1-11. [PMID: 29268106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in parallel with the obesity epidemic has been a major public health concern. NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States, ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis in the liver. In response to chronic liver injury, fibrogenesis in the liver occurs as a protective response; however, prolonged and dysregulated fibrogenesis can lead to liver fibrosis, which can further progress to cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Interplay of hepatocytes, macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the hepatic inflammatory and oxidative milieu is critical for the development of NAFLD. In particular, HSCs play a major role in the production of extracellular matrix proteins. Studies have demonstrated that bioactive food components and natural products, including astaxanthin, curcumin, blueberry, silymarin, coffee, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, resveratrol, quercetin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, have antifibrotic effects in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge of the mechanistic insight into the antifibrotic actions of the aforementioned bioactive food components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marcelino P, Marinho HS, Campos MC, Neves AR, Real C, Fontes FS, Carvalho A, Feio G, Martins MBF, Corvo ML. Therapeutic activity of superoxide dismutase-containing enzymosomes on rat liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury followed by magnetic resonance microscopy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:464-471. [PMID: 28887231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) may occur during hepatic surgery and is unavoidable in liver transplantation. Superoxide dismutase enzymosomes (SOD-enzymosomes), liposomes where SOD is at the liposomal surface expressing enzymatic activity in intact form without the need of liposomal disruption, were developed with the aim of having a better insight into its antioxidant therapeutic outcome in IRI. We also aimed at validating magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) at 7T as a tool to follow IRI. SOD-enzymosomes were characterized and tested in a rat ischaemia-reperfusion model and the therapeutic outcome was compared with conventional long circulating SOD liposomes and free SOD using biochemical liver injury biomarkers, histology and MRM. MRM results correlated with those obtained using classical biochemical biomarkers of liver injury and liver histology. Moreover, MRM images suggested that the therapeutic efficacy of both SOD liposomal formulations used was related to prevention of peripheral biliary ductular damage and disrupted vascular architecture. Therefore, MRM at 7T is a useful technique to follow IRI. SOD-enzymosomes were more effective than conventional liposomes in reducing liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury and this may be due to a short therapeutic window.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Marcelino
- CEDOC, Nova Medical School, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - H Susana Marinho
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Celeste Campos
- Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Curry Cabral, Rua da Beneficência n.° 8, 1069-166 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Rita Neves
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carla Real
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipa S Fontes
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra Carvalho
- CENIMAT-I3N-DCM, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-515 Caparica, Portugal; IEQUALTECS, Lda, R. Dr. Francisco Sá Carneiro, 36, 2500-065 S. Gregório CLD, Portugal.
| | - Gabriel Feio
- CENIMAT-I3N-DCM, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-515 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - M Bárbara F Martins
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Luísa Corvo
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal and Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen XJ, Tang ZZ, Zhu GG, Cheng Q, Zhang WK, Li HM, Fu W, Lu QP. JNK signaling is required for the MIP‑1α‑associated regulation of Kupffer cells in the heat stroke response. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2389-2396. [PMID: 28677732 PMCID: PMC5547986 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe heat stroke (HS) consists of extreme hyperthermia with thermoregulatory failure, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Liver injury is a complication of HS that is associated with inflammatory responses and Kupffer cells (KCs), which are resident macrophages in the liver that serve as a major source of inflammatory cytokines; however, the association and the underlying mechanisms of KC functions in HS-induced endotoxemia and inflammation require an improved understanding. The important chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) increases inflammatory responses and the secretion of inflammatory molecules from KCs, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. In addition, the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling is responsible for the development of liver inflammation. Therefore, HS animal and cell models were constructed in order to investigate the pathways involved in the HS-induced dysfunction of KCs. The results of the present study suggest that JNK may be involved in the MIP-1α-associated pathogenesis of KCs in HS injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Chen
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Zhi Tang
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Guo Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Kai Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Emergency, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Ping Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Firat O, Makay O, Yeniay L, Gokce G, Yenisey C, Coker A. Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit oxidative stress in a rat model of liver regeneration. Ann Surg Treat Res 2017; 93:1-10. [PMID: 28706885 PMCID: PMC5507785 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.93.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lipid peroxidation and consequent reactive oxygen species in the setting of oxidative stress have crucial roles in liver regeneration, which may adversely affect the regeneration itself and lead to liver failure. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether omega-3 fatty acid supplementation inhibits oxidative stress in an experimental model of liver regeneration. Methods Forty rats were allocated to four groups. Rats in group A received a sham operation. Rats in group B were subjected to right portal vein ligation (RPVL) and saline infusion. Rats in groups C and D were subjected to RPVL and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with an all-in-one admixture containing a soybean oil based lipid emulsion. Rats in group D were additionally supplemented with omega-3 fatty acid infusion. Oxidative stresses in the blood and liver were measured by glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide. Results Omega-3 supplementation to the TPN solution significantly corrected alterations in the blood and tissue concentrations of oxidants and anti-oxidants during regeneration (P < 0.05). Conclusion Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation to the TPN solution revealed promising results in removal of oxidative stress that emerges during liver regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Firat
- Department of General Surgery, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozer Makay
- Department of General Surgery, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Levent Yeniay
- Department of General Surgery, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Goksel Gokce
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Yenisey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Adnan Menderes University Hospital, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Coker
- Department of General Surgery, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Baruteau J, Jameson E, Morris AA, Chakrapani A, Santra S, Vijay S, Kocadag H, Beesley CE, Grunewald S, Murphy E, Cleary M, Mundy H, Abulhoul L, Broomfield A, Lachmann R, Rahman Y, Robinson PH, MacPherson L, Foster K, Chong WK, Ridout DA, Bounford KM, Waddington SN, Mills PB, Gissen P, Davison JE. Expanding the phenotype in argininosuccinic aciduria: need for new therapies. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:357-368. [PMID: 28251416 PMCID: PMC5393288 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This UK-wide study defines the natural history of argininosuccinic aciduria and compares long-term neurological outcomes in patients presenting clinically or treated prospectively from birth with ammonia-lowering drugs. METHODS Retrospective analysis of medical records prior to March 2013, then prospective analysis until December 2015. Blinded review of brain MRIs. ASL genotyping. RESULTS Fifty-six patients were defined as early-onset (n = 23) if symptomatic < 28 days of age, late-onset (n = 23) if symptomatic later, or selectively screened perinatally due to a familial proband (n = 10). The median follow-up was 12.4 years (range 0-53). Long-term outcomes in all groups showed a similar neurological phenotype including developmental delay (48/52), epilepsy (24/52), ataxia (9/52), myopathy-like symptoms (6/52) and abnormal neuroimaging (12/21). Neuroimaging findings included parenchymal infarcts (4/21), focal white matter hyperintensity (4/21), cortical or cerebral atrophy (4/21), nodular heterotopia (2/21) and reduced creatine levels in white matter (4/4). 4/21 adult patients went to mainstream school without the need of additional educational support and 1/21 lives independently. Early-onset patients had more severe involvement of visceral organs including liver, kidney and gut. All early-onset and half of late-onset patients presented with hyperammonaemia. Screened patients had normal ammonia at birth and received treatment preventing severe hyperammonaemia. ASL was sequenced (n = 19) and 20 mutations were found. Plasma argininosuccinate was higher in early-onset compared to late-onset patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study further defines the natural history of argininosuccinic aciduria and genotype-phenotype correlations. The neurological phenotype does not correlate with the severity of hyperammonaemia and plasma argininosuccinic acid levels. The disturbance in nitric oxide synthesis may be a contributor to the neurological disease. Clinical trials providing nitric oxide to the brain merit consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Baruteau
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Jameson
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Royal Manchester Children Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew A. Morris
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Royal Manchester Children Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anupam Chakrapani
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saikat Santra
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Suresh Vijay
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Huriye Kocadag
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare E. Beesley
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Services, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London, UK
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Maureen Cleary
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London, UK
| | - Helen Mundy
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lara Abulhoul
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London, UK
| | - Alexander Broomfield
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London, UK
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Royal Manchester Children Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Robin Lachmann
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Yusof Rahman
- Metabolic Medicine Department, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Peter H. Robinson
- Paediatric Metabolic Medicine, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lesley MacPherson
- Neuroradiology Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katharine Foster
- Neuroradiology Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - W. Kling Chong
- Neuroradiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Deborah A. Ridout
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Simon N. Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Philippa B. Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James E. Davison
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, WC1N 3JH London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gong X, Yang Y, Huang L, Zhang Q, Wan RZ, Zhang P, Zhang B. Antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis by paeonol in LPS/d-GalN-induced acute liver failure in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 46:124-132. [PMID: 28282576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanisms of paeonol (Pae) against acute liver failure (ALF) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (d-GalN) in mice, we examined anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities of Pae. We found that Pae pretreatment markedly reduced the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase as well as the histopathological changes induced by LPS/d-GalN. Catalase, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activities increased and reactive oxygen species activity decreased after Pae treatment compared with LPS/d-GalN treatment. Pretreatment with Pae also significantly inhibited the expression levels of iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In addition, Pae administration prevented the phosphorylated expression of IκB kinase, inhibitor kappa B in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and suppressed the phosphorylated expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun-N-terminal kinase and p38 in the MAPK signaling pathway. Pretreatment with Pae also inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis by reducing the expression of caspases 3, 8, 9, and Bax, and increasing Bcl-2. In total, protective effects of Pae against LPS/d-GalN-induced ALF in mice are attributed to its antioxidative effect, inflammatory suppression in NF-κB and MARK signaling pathways, and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis inhibition. Therefore, Pae can be a potential therapeutic agent in attenuating LPS/d-GalN-induced ALF in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - You Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Ligua Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China
| | - Qingyan Zhang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China
| | - Rong-Zhen Wan
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, PR China.
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kattaia AAA, Abd El-Baset SA, Mohamed EM, Abdul-Maksou RS, Elfakharany YM. Molecular mechanisms underlying histological and biochemical changes induced by nitrate in rat liver and the efficacy of S-Allylcysteine. Ultrastruct Pathol 2016; 41:10-22. [DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2016.1252821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A. A. Kattaia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Abd El-Baset
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Mohamed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Yara M. Elfakharany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Comparative Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Platelet Extract on CCl4-Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.36818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
30
|
Hesami Z, Jamshidzadeh A, Ayatollahi M, Gramizadeh B, Vahdati A. The Comparative Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Platelet Extract on CCl4-Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-36818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
31
|
Gonul Y, Kazandı S, Kocak A, Ahsen A, Bal A, Karavelioglu A, Hazman O, Turamanlar O, Kokulu S, Yuksel S. Interleukin-18 Binding Protein Pretreatment Attenuates Kidney Injury Induced by Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion. Am J Med Sci 2016; 352:200-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
32
|
Zhang W, Yin L, Tao X, Xu L, Zheng L, Han X, Xu Y, Wang C, Peng J. Dioscin alleviates dimethylnitrosamine-induced acute liver injury through regulating apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:193-201. [PMID: 27317992 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, the effects of dioscin against alcohol-, carbon tetrachloride- and acetaminophen-induced liver damage have been found. However, the activity of it against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced acute liver injury remained unknown. In the present study, dioscin markedly decreased serum ALT and AST levels, significantly increased the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, and decreased the levels of MDA, iNOS and NO. Mechanism study showed that dioscin significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IκBα, p50 and p65 through regulating TLR4/MyD88 pathway to rehabilitate inflammation. In addition, dioscin markedly up-regulated the expression levels of SIRT1, HO-1, NQO1, GST and GCLM through increasing nuclear translocation of Nrf2 against oxidative stress. Furthermore, dioscin significantly decreased the expression levels of FasL, Fas, p53, Bak, Caspase-3/9, and upregulated Bcl-2 level through decreasing IRF9 level against apoptosis. In conclusion, dioscin showed protective effect against DMN-induced acute liver injury via ameliorating apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, which should be developed as a new candidate for the treatment of acute liver injury in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lingli Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Beyond Preconditioning: Postconditioning as an Alternative Technique in the Prevention of Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8235921. [PMID: 27340509 PMCID: PMC4909928 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8235921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury may significantly compromise hepatic postoperative function. Various hepatoprotective methods have been improvised, aiming at attenuating IR injury. With ischemic preconditioning (IPC), the liver is conditioned with a brief ischemic period followed by reperfusion, prior to sustained ischemia. Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC), consisting of intermittent sequential interruptions of blood flow in the early phase of reperfusion, seems to be a more feasible alternative than IPC, since the onset of reperfusion is more predictable. Regarding the potential mechanisms involved, it has been postulated that the slow intermittent oxygenation through controlled reperfusion decreases the burst production of oxygen free radicals, increases antioxidant activity, suppresses neutrophil accumulation, and modulates the apoptotic cascade. Additionally, favorable effects on mitochondrial ultrastructure and function, and upregulation of the cytoprotective properties of nitric oxide, leading to preservation of sinusoidal structure and maintenance of blood flow through the hepatic circulation could also underlie the protection afforded by postconditioning. Clinical studies are required to show whether biochemical and histological improvements afforded by the reperfusion/reocclusion cycles of postconditioning during early reperfusion can be translated to a substantial clinical benefit in liver resection and transplantation settings or to highlight more aspects of its molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
|
34
|
Biernacki M, Łuczaj W, Gęgotek A, Toczek M, Bielawska K, Skrzydlewska E. Crosstalk between liver antioxidant and the endocannabinoid systems after chronic administration of the FAAH inhibitor, URB597, to hypertensive rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 301:31-41. [PMID: 27086176 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is accompanied by perturbations to the endocannabinoid and antioxidant systems. Thus, potential pharmacological treatments for hypertension should be examined as modulators of these two metabolic systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor [3-(3-carbamoylphenyl)phenyl]N-cyclohexylcarbamate (URB597) on the endocannabinoid system and on the redox balance in the livers of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Hypertension caused an increase in the levels of endocannabinoids [anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA)] and CB1 receptor and the activities of FAAH and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). These effects were accompanied by an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a decrease in antioxidant activity/level, enhanced expression of transcription factor Nrf2 and changes to Nrf2 activators and inhibitors. Moreover, significant increases in lipid, DNA and protein oxidative modifications, which led to enhanced levels of proapoptotic caspases, were also observed. URB597 administration to the hypertensive rats resulted in additional increases in the levels of AEA, NADA and the CB1 receptor, as well as decreases in vitamin E and C levels, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and Nrf2 expression. Thus, after URB597 administration, oxidative modifications of cellular components were increased, while the inflammatory response was reduced. This study revealed that chronic treatment of hypertensive rats with URB597 disrupts the endocannabinoid system, which causes an imbalance in redox status. This imbalance increases the levels of electrophilic lipid peroxidation products, which later participate in metabolic disturbances in liver homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Biernacki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łuczaj
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Toczek
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bielawska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lam P, Cheung F, Tan HY, Wang N, Yuen MF, Feng Y. Hepatoprotective Effects of Chinese Medicinal Herbs: A Focus on Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:465. [PMID: 27043533 PMCID: PMC4848921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is intimately connected to inflammation, which is the innate defense system of the body for removing harmful stimuli and participates in the hepatic wound-healing response. Sustained inflammation and the corresponding regenerative wound-healing response can induce the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Oxidative stress is associated with the activation of inflammatory pathways, while chronic inflammation is found associated with some human cancers. Inflammation and cancer may be connected by the effect of the inflammation-fibrosis-cancer (IFC) axis. Chinese medicinal herbs display abilities in protecting the liver compared to conventional therapies, as many herbal medicines have been shown as effective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agents. We review the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation, the development of hepatic diseases, and the hepatoprotective effects of Chinese medicinal herbs via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms. Moreover, several Chinese medicinal herbs and composite formulae, which have been commonly used for preventing and treating hepatic diseases, including Andrographis Herba, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, Coptidis Rhizoma, curcumin, xiao-cha-hu-tang and shi-quan-da-bu-tang, were selected for reviewing their hepatoprotective effects with focus on their anti-oxidative and ant-inflammatory activities. This review aims to provide new insight into how Chinese medicinal herbs work in therapeutic strategies for liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puiyan Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Fan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Man Fung Yuen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Queen Mary Hospital and Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gonul Y, Ozsoy M, Kocak A, Ozkececi ZT, Karavelioglu A, Bozkurt MF, Cartilli O, Keles I, Kocak H, Celik S. Antioxidant, Antiapoptotic and Inflammatory Effects of Interleukin-18 Binding Protein on Kidney Damage Induced by Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion. Am J Med Sci 2016; 351:607-15. [PMID: 27238925 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition that can be induced by liver transplantation, major hepatic resection or prolonged portal vein occlusion. The AKI can increase the frequency of postoperative complications. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) pretreatment has a protective effect against possible kidney injury-mediated liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) achieved by Pringle maneuver in an experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 21 Wistar albino rats were included in this study. Animals were equally and randomly separated into 3 groups as follows: Sham (n = 7), IR group (n = 7) and IR + IL-18BP group (n = 7). Serum aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransaminase and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activities and serum urea and creatinine levels were determined. Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-1β, interferon gamma, total oxidant status, total antioxidant status and oxidative stress index were measured in kidney tissue homogenate samples. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical Caspase-3 staining were applied to examine the general morphologic structure and apoptosis. RESULTS Renal total oxidant status; oxidative stress index; IL-18 levels; serum aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and creatinine levels were significantly lower in IR + IL-18BP group, when compared with the IR group. Beside this, total antioxidant status levels were remarkably higher in IR + IL-18BP group, when compared with the IR group. The caspase-3 expression degree in IR group was remarkably higher than other groups. CONCLUSIONS It has been demonstrated that IL-18BP pretreatment may have inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects against AKI induced by hepatic IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yucel Gonul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ozsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kocak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Ziya Taner Ozkececi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Afra Karavelioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Children Surgery, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Onder Cartilli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Keles
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Havva Kocak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Sefa Celik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Paulino J, Vigia E, Marcelino P, Abade O, Sobral J, Ligeiro D, Carvalho A, Alves M, Papoila AL, Trindade H, Barroso E. Clinical outcomes and genetic expression profile in human liver graft dysfunction during ischemia/reperfusion injury. Transplant Proc 2016; 47:882-7. [PMID: 26036478 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to compare the molecular gene expression during ischemia reperfusion injury. Several surgical times were considered: in the beginning of the harvesting (T0), at the end of the cold ischemia period (T1), and after reperfusion (T2) and compared with graft dysfunction after liver transplant (OLT). METHODS We studied 54 patients undergoing OLT. Clinical, laboratory data, and histologic data (Suzuki classification) as well as the Survival Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation (SOFT) score were used and compared with the molecular gene expression of the following genes: Interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, perforin, E-selectin (SELE), Fas-ligand, granzyme B, heme oxygenase-1, and nitric oxide synthetase. RESULTS Fifteen patients presented with graft dysfunction according to SOFT criteria. No relevant data were obtained by comparing the variables graft dysfunction and histologic variables. We observed a statistically significant relation between SELE at T0 (P = .013) and IL-1β at T0 (P = .028) and early graft dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that several genetically determined proinflammatory expressions may play a critical role in the development of graft dysfunction after OLT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Paulino
- Centro Hepatobiliopancreático e de Transplantação, Hospital Curry Cabral, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - E Vigia
- Centro Hepatobiliopancreático e de Transplantação, Hospital Curry Cabral, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Marcelino
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - O Abade
- Centro de Histocompatibilidade do Sul, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Sobral
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - D Ligeiro
- Centro de Histocompatibilidade do Sul, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Carvalho
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Curry Cabral, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Alves
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A L Papoila
- Departamento de Bioestatística, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - H Trindade
- Centro de Histocompatibilidade do Sul, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E Barroso
- Centro Hepatobiliopancreático e de Transplantação, Hospital Curry Cabral, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hepatic Diseases: Therapeutic Possibilities of N-Acetylcysteine. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:30269-308. [PMID: 26694382 PMCID: PMC4691167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is highly prevalent in the world. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the most important pathogenetic events in liver diseases, regardless the different etiology and natural course. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (the active form) (NAC) is being studied in diseases characterized by increased OS or decreased glutathione (GSH) level. NAC acts mainly on the supply of cysteine for GSH synthesis. The objective of this review is to examine experimental and clinical studies that evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of NAC in attenuating markers of inflammation and OS in hepatic damage. The results related to the supplementation of NAC in any form of administration and type of study are satisfactory in 85.5% (n = 59) of the cases evaluated (n = 69, 100%). Within this percentage, the dosage of NAC utilized in studies in vivo varied from 0.204 up to 2 g/kg/day. A standard experimental design of protection and treatment as well as the choice of the route of administration, with a broader evaluation of OS and inflammation markers in the serum or other biological matrixes, in animal models, are necessary. Clinical studies are urgently required, to have a clear view, so that, the professionals can be sure about the effectiveness and safety of NAC prescription.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autophagy in Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:183469. [PMID: 26770970 PMCID: PMC4684839 DOI: 10.1155/2015/183469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a major complication of liver resection, transplantation, and hemorrhagic shock. Although the mechanisms that contribute to hepatic I/R are complex and diverse involving the interaction of cell injury in hepatocytes, immune cells, and endothelium, mitochondrial dysfunction is a cardinal event culminating in hepatic reperfusion injury. Mitochondrial autophagy, so-called mitophagy, is a key cellular process that regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and eliminates damaged mitochondria in a timely manner. Growing evidence accumulates that I/R injury is attributed to defective mitophagy. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of autophagy and its role in hepatic I/R injury and highlight the various therapeutic approaches that have been studied to ameliorate injury.
Collapse
|
40
|
Anavi S, Eisenberg-Bord M, Hahn-Obercyger M, Genin O, Pines M, Tirosh O. The role of iNOS in cholesterol-induced liver fibrosis. J Transl Med 2015; 95:914-24. [PMID: 26097999 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of cholesterol in the liver is associated with the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related fibrosis. However, underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study investigated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cholesterol-induced liver fibrosis by feeding wild-type (WT) and iNOS-deficient mice with control or high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 weeks. WT mice fed with HCD developed greater liver fibrosis, compared with iNOS-deficient mice, as evident by Sirius red staining and higher expression levels of profibrotic genes. Enhanced liver fibrosis in the presence of iNOS was associated with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α stabilization, matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression, and enhanced hepatic DNA damage. The profibrotic role of iNOS was also demonstrated in vivo using a selective inhibitor of iNOS as well as in vitro in a rat liver stellate cell line (HSC-T6). In conclusion, these findings suggest that iNOS is an important mediator in HCD-induced liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Anavi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Eisenberg-Bord
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Hahn-Obercyger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Olga Genin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mark Pines
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Iwakiri Y, Kim MY. Nitric oxide in liver diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:524-36. [PMID: 26027855 PMCID: PMC4532625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver. Despite its diverse and complicated roles, certain patterns of the effect of NO on the pathogenesis and progression of liver diseases are observed. In general, NO derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) is protective against disease development, while inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO contributes to pathological processes. This review addresses the roles of NO in the development of various liver diseases with a focus on recently published articles. We present here two recent advances in understanding NO-mediated signaling - nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) and S-guanylation - and conclude with suggestions for future directions in NO-related studies on the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Moon Young Kim
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 97:55-74. [PMID: 25942353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1373] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This Review Article is focused on the action of the reactive oxygenated species in inducing oxidative injury of the lipid membrane components, as well as on the ability of antioxidants (of different structures and sources, and following different mechanisms of action) in fighting against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is defined as an excessive production of reactive oxygenated species that cannot be counteracted by the action of antioxidants, but also as a perturbation of cell redox balance. Reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species are represented by superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl, alkoxyl and lipid peroxyl radicals, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Oxidative stress determines structure modifications and function modulation in nucleic acids, lipids and proteins. Oxidative degradation of lipids yields malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, but also isoprostanes, from unsaturated fatty acids. Protein damage may occur with thiol oxidation, carbonylation, side-chain oxidation, fragmentation, unfolding and misfolding, resulting activity loss. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is an index of DNA damage. The involvement of the reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species in disease occurrence is described. The unbalance between the oxidant species and the antioxidant defense system may trigger specific factors responsible for oxidative damage in the cell: over-expression of oncogene genes, generation of mutagen compounds, promotion of atherogenic activity, senile plaque occurrence or inflammation. This leads to cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, kidney diseases. The concept of antioxidant is defined, along with a discussion of the existent classification criteria: enzymatic and non-enzymatic, preventative or repair-systems, endogenous and exogenous, primary and secondary, hydrosoluble and liposoluble, natural or synthetic. Primary antioxidants are mainly chain breakers, able to scavenge radical species by hydrogen donation. Secondary antioxidants are singlet oxygen quenchers, peroxide decomposers, metal chelators, oxidative enzyme inhibitors or UV radiation absorbers. The specific mechanism of action of the most important representatives of each antioxidant class (endogenous and exogenous) in preventing or inhibiting particular factors leading to oxidative injury in the cell, is then reviewed. Mutual influences, including synergistic effects are presented and discussed. Prooxidative influences likely to occur, as for instance in the presence of transition metal ions, are also reminded.
Collapse
|
43
|
Grossini E, Bellofatto K, Farruggio S, Sigaudo L, Marotta P, Raina G, De Giuli V, Mary D, Pollesello P, Minisini R, Pirisi M, Vacca G. Levosimendan inhibits peroxidation in hepatocytes by modulating apoptosis/autophagy interplay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124742. [PMID: 25880552 PMCID: PMC4400069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levosimendan protects rat liver against peroxidative injuries through mechanisms related to nitric oxide (NO) production and mitochondrial ATP-dependent K (mitoKATP) channels opening. However, whether levosimendan could modulate the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy in the liver is still a matter of debate. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the role of levosimendan as a modulator of the apoptosis/autophagy interplay in liver cells subjected to peroxidation and the related involvement of NO and mitoKATP. Methods and Findings In primary rat hepatocytes that have been subjected to oxidative stress, Western blot was performed to examine endothelial and inducible NO synthase isoforms (eNOS, iNOS) activation, apoptosis/autophagy and survival signalling detection in response to levosimendan. In addition, NO release, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (MPTP) were examined through specific dyes. Some of those evaluations were also performed in human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Pre-treatment of hepatocytes with levosimendan dose-dependently counteracted the injuries caused by oxidative stress and reduced NO release by modulating eNOS/iNOS activation. In hepatocytes, while the autophagic inhibition reduced the effects of levosimendan, after the pan-caspases inhibition, cell survival and autophagy in response to levosimendan were increased. Finally, all protective effects were prevented by both mitoKATP channels inhibition and NOS blocking. In HSC, levosimendan was able to modulate the oxidative balance and inhibit autophagy without improving cell viability and apoptosis. Conclusions Levosimendan protects hepatocytes against oxidative injuries by autophagic-dependent inhibition of apoptosis and the activation of survival signalling. Such effects would involve mitoKATP channels opening and the modulation of NO release by the different NOS isoforms. In HSC, levosimendan would also play a role in cell activation and possible evolution toward fibrosis. These findings highlight the potential of levosimendan as a therapeutic agent for the treatment or prevention of liver ischemia/reperfusion injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Raina
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronica De Giuli
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Piero Pollesello
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Internal Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental Surgery, Department of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”, Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, corso Mazzini 36, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li D, Wang X, Liu B, Liu Y, Zeng Z, Lu L, Zheng Z, Li B, Zheng Z. Exercises in hot and humid environment caused liver injury in a rat model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111741. [PMID: 25548911 PMCID: PMC4280227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate injury pattern during intense exercises in hot and humid environment particularly on liver in a rat exertional heat stroke model. Methods We randomly divided 30 rats into a control group (CG), a normal temperature (25±2°C, 60%±5% humidity) exercise group (NTEG) and a high temperature and high humidity (35±2°C, 80%±10% humidity) exercising group (HTEG), each comprising 10 animals. The NTEG and HTEG rats were forced to run in a treadmill for 1 hour maximum at 20 rpm. We analyzed liver cells of all three groups with JC-1 dye and flow cytometry for apoptosis rates in addition to liver tissue 8 - hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8 - OhdG) and blood serum IL–6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase ALT, aspartate amino transferase (AST), serum creatinine (CREA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphate kinase (CK) concentrations. Result Compared with NTEG rats, beside reduced exercise tolerance (60±5 vs. 15±3 minutes) (p = 0.002) the 8-OhdG liver tissue concentrations were significantly higher (p = 0.040) in the HTEG rats. The HTEG developed more organ tissue damage and cellular fragmentations of liver cells. In both exercise groups TNF-α and IL-6 serum concentrations were enhanced significantly (p<0.001) being highest in the HTEG animals. Serum ALT, AST, LDH, CREA, BUN and CK concentrations were significantly enhance in both exercise groups. Conclusion In our exertional heat stroke rat model, we found tissue damage particularly in livers during exercises in hot and humid environment that was related to inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DongLiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Fuzhou PLA General Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Fuzhou PLA General Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, China
| | - Bang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Fuzhou PLA General Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, China
| | - YuZheng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Fuzhou PLA General Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, China
| | - ZhiYu Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Fuzhou PLA General Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, China
| | - LingLing Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Fuzhou PLA General Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, China
| | - ZhiYong Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou PLA General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Fuzhou PLA General Hospital, Fuzhou Fujian, China
| | - ZongFu Zheng
- Clinical laboratory, No.476 hospital of PLA Fujian, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cichoż-Lach H, Michalak A. Oxidative stress as a crucial factor in liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8082-8091. [PMID: 25009380 PMCID: PMC4081679 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 681] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox state constitutes an important background of numerous liver disorders. The redox state participates in the course of inflammatory, metabolic and proliferative liver diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are primarily produced in the mitochondria and in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes via the cytochrome P450 enzymes. Under the proper conditions, cells are equipped with special molecular strategies that control the level of oxidative stress and maintain a balance between oxidant and antioxidant particles. Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents. Hepatocytic proteins, lipids and DNA are among the cellular structures that are primarily affected by ROS and reactive nitrogen species. The process results in structural and functional abnormalities in the liver. Thus, the phenomenon of oxidative stress should be investigated for several reasons. First, it may explain the pathogenesis of various liver disorders. Moreover, monitoring oxidative markers among hepatocytes offers the potential to diagnose the degree of liver damage and ultimately to observe the response to pharmacological therapies. The present report focuses on the role of oxidative stress in selected liver diseases.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sildenafil attenuates hepatocellular injury after liver ischemia reperfusion in rats: a preliminary study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:161942. [PMID: 24999378 PMCID: PMC4066851 DOI: 10.1155/2014/161942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of sildenafil in a rat liver ischemia-reperfusion model. Forty male rats were randomly allocated in four groups. The sham group underwent midline laparotomy only. In the sildenafil group, sildenafil was administered intraperitoneally 60 minutes before sham laparotomy. In the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, rats were subjected to 45 minutes of hepatic ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion, while in the sild+I/R group rats were subjected to a similar pattern of I/R after the administration of sildenafil, 60 minutes before ischemia. Two hours after reperfusion, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured and histopathological examination of the lobes subjected to ischemia as well as TUNEL staining for apoptotic bodies was performed. Additionally, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were analyzed. Serum markers of hepatocellular injury were significantly lower in the sild+I/R group, which also exhibited lower severity of histopathological lesions and fewer apoptotic bodies, as compared to the I/R group. The I/R group showed significantly higher MPO activity and higher expression of ICAM-1, as compared to the sild+I/R group. Use of sildenafil as a preconditioning agent in a rat model of liver I/R exerted a protective effect.
Collapse
|
47
|
Aydogan M, Yucel A, Erdogan M, Polat A, Cetin A, Ucar M, Duran Z, Colak C, Durmus M. Effects of Oral β- Glucan on Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:487-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
48
|
Singer G, Stokes KY, Neil Granger D. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in sepsis-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction. Inflamm Res 2012; 62:155-64. [PMID: 23076073 PMCID: PMC3543767 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and design Hepatic microvascular dysfunction is a critical event in the development of liver failure during sepsis. Activated blood cells and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Methods Intravital-videomicroscopy was used to determine whether RONS contribute to the recruitment of leukocytes/platelets in the hepatic microvasculature during sepsis. Six hours following cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP), disturbances of the hepatic microvasculature were assessed in WT-mice (C57Bl/6 J; n = 8), in mice lacking gp91phox(n = 5), overexpressing superoxide-dismutase (SOD, n = 8), in WT-mice treated with a NOS-inhibitor (l-NAME, n = 5), lacking nNOS, eNOS or iNOS (n = 5 each), treated with the NO-donor DetaNO (n = 5), in WT-mice treated with gadolinium-chloride (GdCl2, n = 5) and compared to a group of WT-mice following a sham operation (n = 8). Six hours post-CLP, the adhesion of leukocytes and platelets in terminal hepatic venules (THV) and sinusoids was quantified. Results In WT-mice, CLP elicited increases in the number of adherent leukocytes and platelets. Similar responses to CLP were noted in mice overexpressing SOD or lacking either eNOS or gp91phox. The blood-cell recruitment was significantly blunted in septic iNOS-knockout mice and this response was reversed by pre-treatment with DetaNO. Conclusion These findings suggest that iNOS-derived NO is a determinant of the pro-inflammatory phenotype assumed by the hepatic microvasculature during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Singer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
In humans, oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses are the sum of a complicated network of enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. Depending on the stage and severity of diseases, a patient's antioxidant armamentarium may increase as an appropriate response to an oxidant challenge, whereas others may decrease as an indication of unbalanced consumption. In some cases, the formation of reactive oxygen species is a requisite and healthy event. In fact, free radicals can affect intracellular signal transduction and gene regulation, resulting in cytokine production essential to the inflammatory process. In many other cases, especially liver diseases, excessive oxidative stress undoubtedly contributes to the progression and pathological findings of disease and serves as a prognostic indicator. Reactive oxygen species are highly reactive molecules that are naturally generated in small amounts through metabolism and could damage cellular molecules such as lipids, proteins or DNA. Oxidative stress plays a major role in many liver diseases. In this review, we summarize the biological character of free radicals and some antioxidants, and the related methods of analysis. Then, we discusses the association of oxidative stress to many types of liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gardner CR, Hankey P, Mishin V, Francis M, Yu S, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Regulation of alternative macrophage activation in the liver following acetaminophen intoxication by stem cell-derived tyrosine kinase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 262:139-48. [PMID: 22575169 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-derived tyrosine kinase (STK) is a transmembrane receptor reported to play a role in macrophage switching from a classically activated/proinflammatory phenotype to an alternatively activated/wound repair phenotype. In the present studies, STK⁻/⁻ mice were used to assess the role of STK in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity as evidence suggests that the pathogenic process involves both of these macrophage subpopulations. In wild type mice, centrilobular hepatic necrosis and increases in serum transaminase levels were observed within 6h of acetaminophen administration (300 mg/kg, i.p.). Loss of STK resulted in a significant increase in sensitivity of mice to the hepatotoxic effects of acetaminophen and increased mortality, effects independent of its metabolism. This was associated with reduced levels of hepatic glutathione, rapid upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and prolonged induction of heme oxygenase-1, suggesting excessive oxidative stress in STK⁻/⁻ mice. F4/80, a marker of mature macrophages, was highly expressed on subpopulations of Kupffer cells in livers of wild type, but not STK⁻/⁻ mice. Whereas F4/80⁺ macrophages rapidly declined in the livers of wild type mice following acetaminophen intoxication, they increased in STK⁻/⁻ mice. In wild type mice hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12, products of classically activated macrophages, increased after acetaminophen administration. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor, CCR2, as well as IL-10, mediators involved in recruiting and activating anti-inflammatory/wound repair macrophages, also increased in wild type mice after acetaminophen. Loss of STK blunted the effects of acetaminophen on expression of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-12, MCP-1 and CCR2, while expression of IL-10 increased. Hepatic expression of CX3CL1, and its receptor, CX3CR1 also increased in STK⁻/⁻ mice treated with acetaminophen. These data demonstrate that STK plays a role in regulating macrophage recruitment and activation in the liver following acetaminophen administration, and in hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|