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Gu J, Shi YN, Zhu N, Li HF, Zhang CJ, Qin L. Celastrol functions as an emerging manager of lipid metabolism: Mechanism and therapeutic potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114981. [PMID: 37285754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are pivotal in the development of various lipid-related diseases, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. Celastrol, a bioactive compound extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has recently demonstrated potent lipid-regulating abilities and promising therapeutic effects for lipid-related diseases. There is substantial evidence indicating that celastrol can ameliorate lipid metabolism disorders by regulating lipid profiles and related metabolic processes, including lipid synthesis, catabolism, absorption, transport, and peroxidation. Even wild-type mice show augmented lipid metabolism after treatment with celastrol. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the lipid-regulating properties of celastrol, as well as to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. Besides, potential strategies for targeted drug delivery and combination therapy are proposed to enhance the lipid-regulating effects of celastrol and avoid the limitations of its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Ning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410021, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Fang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Chan-Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Bioactive Substance Discovery of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China.
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Celastrol inhibits necroptosis by attenuating the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway and confers protection against acute pancreatitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109974. [PMID: 37012867 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a necrotic form of regulated cell death, which is primarily mediated by the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pathway in a caspase-independent manner. Necroptosis has been found to occur in virtually all tissues and diseases evaluated, including pancreatitis. Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii (thunder god vine), possesses potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Yet, it is unclear whether celastrol has any effects on necroptosis and necroptotic-related diseases. Here we showed that celastrol significantly suppressed necroptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus pan-caspase inhibitor (IDN-6556) or by tumor-necrosis factor-α in combination with LCL-161 (Smac mimetic) and IDN-6556 (TSI). In these in vitro cellular models, celastrol inhibited the phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL and the formation of necrosome during necroptotic induction, suggesting its possible action on upstream signaling of the necroptotic pathway. Consistent with the known role of mitochondrial dysfunction in necroptosis, we found that celastrol significantly rescued TSI-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. TSI-induced intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which are involved in the autophosphorylation of RIPK1 and recruitment of RIPK3, were significantly attenuated by celastrol. Moreover, in a mouse model of acute pancreatitis that is associated with necroptosis, celastrol administration significantly reduced the severity of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of MLKL in pancreatic tissues. Collectively, celastrol can attenuate the activation of RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling likely by attenuating mtROS production, thereby inhibiting necroptosis and conferring protection against caerulein-induced pancreatitis in mice.
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Xin J, Yang T, Wu X, Wu Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Jiang M, Gao W. Spatial transcriptomics analysis of zone-dependent hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury murine model. Commun Biol 2023; 6:194. [PMID: 36804628 PMCID: PMC9938905 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common complication in liver transplantation. The connection between I/R-induced injury response and liver heterogeneity has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we converge histopathological examination with spatial transcriptomics to dissect I/R injury patterns and their associated molecular changes, which reveal that the pericentral zones are most sensitive to I/R injury in terms of histology, transcriptomic changes, and cell type dynamics. Bioinformatic analysis of I/R injury-related pathways predicts that celastrol can protect against liver I/R injury by inducing ischemic pre-conditioning, which is experimentally validated. Mechanistically, celastrol likely implements its protective effect against I/R injury by activating HIF1α signaling and represents a potential strategy for resolving liver I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yingting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mengxi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Tang YW, Yang RC, Wan F, Tang XL, Zhang HQ, Lin Y. Celastrol attenuates renal injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats via inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 pathway. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1947-1955. [PMID: 36046983 PMCID: PMC9742752 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221118087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal injury is an important factor in the development of chronic kidney diseases that pathologically manifested as renal fibrosis and podocyte damage. In the disease state, renal fibroblasts lead to high expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), while podocytes undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to proteinuria. Celastrol, a bioactive compound in the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii, was found to delay the progression of early diabetic nephropathy and attenuate renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. However, its effect on the renal system in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of celastrol and its underlying mechanisms in 5/6 Nx rats. We found that 24 h proteinuria and levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, triglycerides, serum P, renal index and cholesterol significantly increased (P < 0.05), while that of serum albumin decreased significantly in 5/6 Nx rats. After intervention with celastrol, 24 h proteinuria and levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, triglycerides, serum P, renal index, and cholesterol significantly decreased, while that of serum albumin significantly increased. Renal tissue pathological staining and transmission electron microscopy showed that celastrol ameliorated kidney injury and glomerular podocyte foot injury and induced significant anti-inflammatory effects. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blotting results revealed that nephrin and NEPH1 expression levels were upregulated, whereas α-SMA and Col4a1 expression levels were downregulated in the celastrol group. Celastrol inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway-related molecules such as TGF-β1 and P-Smad3. In summary, celastrol contributes to renal protection by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Wen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Dingqiao District of Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ru-Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China,Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China,Ru-Chun Yang.
| | - Feng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China,Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xuan-Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China,Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hua-Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China,Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China,Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Qin S, Wu B, Gong T, Zhang ZR, Fu Y. Targeted delivery via albumin corona nanocomplex to renal tubules to alleviate acute kidney injury. J Control Release 2022; 349:401-412. [PMID: 35835398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) is a critical target cell for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI). Despite various RTEC targeting strategies using ligand modified nanoparticles (NPs) following systemic administration, the nonspecific interaction between NPs and plasma proteins greatly weakens the targeting efficiency as well as the stability of NPs. Herein, celastrol (CLT) was entrapped in D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) forming a CLT-loaded nanocomplex core (CT) with a high loading capacity of ~50%. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was then adsorbed onto the CT surface to afford a complete albumin corona without obvious denaturation (CTB). CTB showed uniform particle size distribution and sufficient stability in vitro and in vivo. Besides clathrin-mediated and macropinocytosis pathways, CTB was actively internalized through megalin receptor-mediated endocytosis in HK-2 cells. Per biodistribution studies, CTB demonstrates enhanced renal tubule-specific distribution and targetability in mice compared to CT without albumin corona. Furthermore, pharmacodynamic studies in vivo further support that CTB effectively alleviated ischemia-reperfusion induced injuries without obvious systemic side effects in AKI mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Mellati A, Lo Faro L, Dumbill R, Meertens P, Rozenberg K, Shaheed S, Snashall C, McGivern H, Ploeg R, Hunter J. Kidney Normothermic Machine Perfusion Can Be Used as a Preservation Technique and a Model of Reperfusion to Deliver Novel Therapies and Assess Inflammation and Immune Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850271. [PMID: 35720316 PMCID: PMC9198253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable process in transplantation and results in inflammation and immune system activation. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) has anti-inflammatory properties. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) can be used to deliver therapies and may help in assessing the effects of IRI and immunity. This study investigated the effects of AAT on IRI and inflammation in pig kidneys when administered during preservation, followed by normothermic reperfusion (NR) with autologous whole blood, as a surrogate for transplant. Two different models were used to deliver AAT or placebo to paired slaughterhouse pig kidneys: Model 1: 7-h static cold storage (SCS) + 3-h NR (n = 5 pairs), where either AAT (10 mg/ml) or placebo was delivered in the flush following retrieval; Model 2: 4-h SCS + 3-h NMP + 3-h NR (n = 5 pairs), where either AAT or placebo was delivered during NMP. Injury markers and cytokines levels were analysed in the perfusate, and heat shock protein 70 KDa (HSP-70) was analysed in biopsies. AAT delivered to kidneys showed no adverse effects on perfusion parameters. HSP-70 fold changes were significantly lower in the AAT group during NMP (P < 0.01, paired t-test) but not during NR. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) fold changes were significantly higher in the AAT group during NR model 1 (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA). In contrast to the AAT group, significant upregulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) between t = 90 min and t = 180 min and interleukin-8 (IL-8) between baseline and t = 90 min was observed in the control group in NR model 2 (p < 0.05, Tukey's multiple comparison test). However, overall inflammatory cytokines and injury markers showed similar levels between groups. Delivery of AAT to pig kidneys was safe without any detrimental effects. NMP and NR provided excellent methods for comparison of inflammation and immune activation in the delivery of a novel therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Mellati
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Lo Faro
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Dumbill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pommelien Meertens
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kaithlyn Rozenberg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sadr Shaheed
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Corinna Snashall
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah McGivern
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rutger Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Oxford University Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom
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The Protective Role of Celastrol in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Activating Nrf2/HO-1, PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways, Modulating NF-κb Signaling Pathways, and Inhibiting ERK Phosphorylation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:191-202. [PMID: 35157199 PMCID: PMC8881435 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-022-01064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol, a natural triterpenoid derived from Tripterygium wilfordii, possesses numerous biological effects. We investigated celastrol's antioxidant potential through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and its effect on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) rat model. Rats were given celastrol 2 mg/kg orally for 1 week before subjection to renal ischemia-reperfusion surgery. Kidney functions, renal MDA, and reduced glutathione were determined; also, renal levels of ERK1/2, HO-1, PI3K, IL-6, TNF-α, IκBα, NF-κB/p65, and cleaved caspase-3 were measured. In addition, gene expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), Nrf-2, and AKT were determined. Celastrol pretreatment attenuated oxidative stress and increased Nrf2 gene expression and HO-1 level. Also, it activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and decreased the p-ERK:t- ERK ratio and NFκBp65 level, with a remarkable decrease in inflammatory cytokines and cleaved caspase-3 levels compared with those in renal IRI rats. Conclusively, celastrol showed a reno-protective potential against renal IRI by suppressing oxidative stress through enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, augmenting cell survival PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and reducing inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB activation.
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Qiu Y, Qiu Y, Yao GM, Luo C, Zhang C. Natural product therapies in chronic kidney diseases: An update. Nephrol Ther 2021; 18:75-79. [PMID: 34187761 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is one of the major worldwide public health problems. Traditional Chinese medications have been widely used for chronic kidney disease treatment. As the development of modern phytochemistry technology, natural products have been isolated from traditional Chinese medications, which provide a more precise method for the investigation of traditional Chinese medications. In this article, we selected eight natural products from traditional Chinese medications for chronic kidney disease therapy to summarize the recent advances for the development of new medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qiu
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Guang-Min Yao
- Hubei Key laboratory of natural medicinal chemistry and resource evaluation, School of pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Changqing Luo
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wang L, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yang K, Yang H. Study of the Active Components and Molecular Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:664416. [PMID: 34164430 PMCID: PMC8215273 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.664416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through network pharmacology and molecular biology. First, the active ingredients and potential targets of TW were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and related literature materials, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the active ingredient-target network diagram of TW. Second, the target set of DN was obtained through the disease database, and the potential targets of TW in the treatment of DN were screened through a Venn diagram. A protein interaction network diagram (PPI) was constructed with the help of the String platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Third, the ClueGO plug-in tool was used to enrich the GO biological process and the KEGG metabolic pathway. Finally, molecular docking experiments and cell pathway analyses were performed. As a result, a total of 52 active ingredients of TW were screened, and 141 predicted targets and 49 target genes related to DN were identified. The biological process of GO is mediated mainly through the regulation of oxygen metabolism, endothelial cell proliferation, acute inflammation, apoptotic signal transduction pathway, fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of cyclase activity, adipocyte differentiation and other biological processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways involved were AGE-RAGE, vascular endothelial growth factor, HIF-1, IL-17, relaxin signalling pathway, TNF, Fc epsilon RI, insulin resistance and other signaling pathways. It can be concluded that TW may treat DN by reducing inflammation, reducing antioxidative stress, regulating immunity, improving vascular disease, reducing insulin resistance, delaying renal fibrosis, repairing podocytes, and reducing cell apoptosis, among others, with multicomponent, multitarget and multisystem characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Aydin HR, Sekerci CA, Yigit E, Kucuk H, Kocakgol H, Kartal S, Tanidir Y, Deger O. Protective effect of cordycepin on experimental renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 92. [PMID: 33348963 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2020.4.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To date, various molecules have been investigated to reduce the effect of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, none have yet led to clinical use. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of cordycepin (C) on renal I/R injury in an experimental rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four mature Sprague Dawley female rat was randomly divided into three groups: Sham, I/R, I/R+C. All animals underwent abdominal exploration. To induce I/R injury, an atraumatic vascular bulldog clamp was applied to the right renal pedicle for 60 minutes (ischemia) and later clamp was removed to allow reperfusion in all rats, except for the sham group. In the I/R + C group, 10 mg/kg C was administered intraperitoneally, immediately after reperfusion. After 4 hours of reperfusion, the experiment was terminated with right nephrectomy. Histological studies and biochemical analyses were performed on the right nephrectomy specimens. EGTI (endothelial, glomerular, tubulointerstitial) histopathology scoring and semi-quantitative analysis of renal cortical necrosis were used for histological analyses and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) for biochemical analyses. RESULTS Histopathological examination of the tissue damage revealed that all kidneys in the sham group were normal. The I/R group had higher histopathological scores than the I/R + C group. In the biochemical analysis of the tissues, SOD, MDA, TOS values were found to be statistically different in the I/R group compared to the I/R + C group (p: 0.004, 0.004, 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal cordycepin injection following ischemia preserve renal tissue against oxidative stress in a rat model of renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Riza Aydin
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital.
| | | | - Ertugrul Yigit
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Kucuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital.
| | - Huseyin Kocakgol
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital.
| | - Seyfi Kartal
- Department of Anesthesia and Reanimation, University of Health Sciences, Trabzon Kanuni Training and Research Hospital.
| | - Yiloren Tanidir
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Istanbul.
| | - Orhan Deger
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzın.
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Güvenç M, Cellat M, Uyar A, Özkan H, Gokcek İ, İsler CT, Yakan A. Nobiletin Protects from Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Suppressing Inflammatory Cytokines and Regulating iNOS-eNOS Expressions. Inflammation 2020; 43:336-346. [PMID: 31705353 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an organ failure caused by hypoxia and reperfusion, which is closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether nobiletin had protective effects on inflammatory parameters, oxidative damage, iNOS-eNOS expressions, and histopathological structure of renal tissue in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. For this purpose, 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (Control), group 2 (Ischemia-Reperfusion-IR), group 3 (Nobiletin-10 mg/kg p.o.), group 4 (Nobiletin + IR). The study was continued for 7 days. At the end of the study, urea (p < 0.05), creatine (p < 0.05), MDA (p < 0.001), TNF-alpha (p < 0.001), IL-1 beta (p < 0.05), and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels increased in the IR group; however, a significant decrease occurred in group 4 (Nobiletin + IR) and it reached the control group levels. In the IR group, GSH (p < 0.01) levels, and GSH.Px (p < 0.01) and CAT (p < 0.05) activities decreased whereas they increased significantly in group 4 (Nobiletin + IR) and reached the same levels as the control group. In histopathological analyses, destruction and increased iNOS-eNOS expressions in the IR group showed a significant decrease in group 4 (Nobiletin + IR). As a result, the application of nobiletin has shown that it has protective effects by reducing kidney damage caused by IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Güvenç
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antakya, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uyar
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Antakya, Turkey
| | - İshak Gokcek
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Cafer Tayer İsler
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department Surgery, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Akın Yakan
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Genetics, Antakya, Turkey
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12
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Nie Y, Fu C, Zhang H, Zhang M, Xie H, Tong X, Li Y, Hou Z, Fan X, Yan M. Celastrol slows the progression of early diabetic nephropathy in rats via the PI3K/AKT pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:321. [PMID: 33097050 PMCID: PMC7583204 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy serves as one of the most regular microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is the main factor that causes end-stage renal disease and incident mortality. As the beneficial effect and minute adverse influence of Celastrol on the renal system requires further elucidation, the renoprotective function of Celastrol in early diabetic nephropathy was investigated. Methods In high-fat and high-glucose diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats which is the early diabetic nephropathy model, ALT, AST, 24 h urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine content were observed. Periodic acid-Schiff staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemical analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis were used to explore the renoprotective effect of Celastrol to diabetic nephropathy rats and the underlying mechanism. Results High dose of Celastrol (1.5 mg/kg/d) not only improved the kidney function of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats, and decreased the blood glucose and 24 h urinary albumin, but also increased the expression of LC3II and nephrin, and downregulated the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and the mRNA level of NF-κB and mTOR. Conclusion Celastrol functions as a potential therapeutic substance, acting via the PI3K/AKT pathway to attenuate renal injury, inhibit glomerular basement membrane thickening, and achieve podocyte homeostasis in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.,Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxiao Fu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.,First clinical medical college, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaopei Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinrong Fan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China. .,First clinical medical college, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China. .,Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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13
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Zhang B, Zhong Q, Chen X, Wu X, Sha R, Song G, Zhang C, Chen X. Neuroprotective Effects of Celastrol on Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Rats via Regulating HMGB1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:847. [PMID: 32848589 PMCID: PMC7433406 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a major cause of brain dysfunction, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathophysiological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Celastrol is a potent inhibitor of inflammation and oxidative stress that has little toxicity. The present study was designed to evaluate whether celastrol has neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, and to elucidate the possible involved mechanisms in transient global cerebral ischemia reperfusion (tGCI/R) rats. Celastrol (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally immediately after reperfusion and the effect of celastrol on reverting spatial learning and memory impairment was determined by Morris water maze (MWM) task. Inflammatory response and oxidative stress, hippocampal neuronal damage and glial activation, and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway proteins were also examined. Our results indicated that celastrol dose-dependently reduced hippocampal and serum concentration of pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative stress marker (MDA), whereas the anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 and antioxidant markers (GSH, SOD, and CAT) were increased significantly in celastrol treated tGCI/R rats. Celastrol alleviated apoptotic neuronal death, inhibited reactive glial activation and proliferation and improved ischemia-induced neurological deficits. Simultaneously, we found that mechanisms responsible for the neuroprotective effect of celastrol could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions via inhibiting HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide a proof of concept for the further validation that celastrol may be a superior candidate for the treatment of severe cerebral ischemic patients in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Sha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Enshi, China
| | - Guizhi Song
- Department of Quality Inspection, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Der Sarkissian S, Aceros H, Williams PM, Scalabrini C, Borie M, Noiseux N. Heat shock protein 90 inhibition and multi-target approach to maximize cardioprotection in ischaemic injury. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3378-3388. [PMID: 32335899 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several advances in medicine, ischaemic heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The unravelling of molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology has revealed targets for pharmacological interventions. However, transfer of these pharmcological possibilities to clinical use has been disappointing. Considering the complexity of ischaemic disease at the cellular and molecular levels, an equally multifaceted treatment approach may be envisioned. The pharmacological principle of 'one target, one key' may fall short in such contexts, and optimal treatment may involve one or many agents directed against complementary targets. Here, we introduce a 'multi-target approach to cardioprotection' and propose heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as a target of interest. We report on a member of a distinct class of HSP90 inhibitor possessing pleiotropic activity, which we found to exhibit potent infarct-sparing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shant Der Sarkissian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Henry Aceros
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Mélanie Borie
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Noiseux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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15
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Mozaffari Godarzi S, Valizade Gorji A, Gholizadeh B, Mard SA, Mansouri E. Antioxidant effect of p-coumaric acid on interleukin 1-β and tumor necrosis factor-α in rats with renal ischemic reperfusion. Nefrologia 2020. [PMID: 31892486 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Renal ischemia-reperfusion occurs in some clinical conditions such as kidney surgery that can leads to acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of p-coumaric acid (CA) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups; control, CA (100mg/kg), I/R, propylene glycol (10%)+I/R and CA+I/R, (n=6 each). CA and propylene glycol were administered orally for 2 weeks. Then, the rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45min and followed by reperfusion for 24h. All rats were killed and kidney function tests, tissue malondialdehyde and activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined. Histopathological evaluations were also performed. In addition, renal expression of the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CA significantly improved the Cr and BUN levels in CA+I/R group compared to I/R group (p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Reduction of tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, were significantly improved by CA (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05). Treatment with CA also resulted in significant reduction in tissue MDA (p<0.05), TNF-α (p<0.001) and interleukin-1β expression (p<0.001) that were increased by renal I/R. Also, the rats treated with CA had nearly normal structure of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that, CA protects the kidneys against I/R injury via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Mozaffari Godarzi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Armita Valizade Gorji
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnam Gholizadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Atherosclerosis Research Center and Imam Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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16
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Rajkhan AT, Esmat A, Alharthi SE. Protective Effect of Celastrol on Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2020. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2020.126.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Mozaffari Godarzi S, Valizade Gorji A, Gholizadeh B, Mard SA, Mansouri E. Antioxidant effect of p-coumaric acid on interleukin 1-β and tumor necrosis factor-α in rats with renal ischemic reperfusion. Nefrologia 2019; 40:311-319. [PMID: 31892486 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Renal ischemia-reperfusion occurs in some clinical conditions such as kidney surgery that can leads to acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of p-coumaric acid (CA) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups; control, CA (100mg/kg), I/R, propylene glycol (10%)+I/R and CA+I/R, (n=6 each). CA and propylene glycol were administered orally for 2 weeks. Then, the rats were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 45min and followed by reperfusion for 24h. All rats were killed and kidney function tests, tissue malondialdehyde and activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined. Histopathological evaluations were also performed. In addition, renal expression of the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CA significantly improved the Cr and BUN levels in CA+I/R group compared to I/R group (p<0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Reduction of tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, were significantly improved by CA (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05). Treatment with CA also resulted in significant reduction in tissue MDA (p<0.05), TNF-α (p<0.001) and interleukin-1β expression (p<0.001) that were increased by renal I/R. Also, the rats treated with CA had nearly normal structure of the kidney. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that, CA protects the kidneys against I/R injury via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Mozaffari Godarzi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Armita Valizade Gorji
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnam Gholizadeh
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Atherosclerosis Research Center and Imam Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Physiology Research Center (PRC), Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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18
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Hu Y, Chen X, Xu Y, Han X, Wang M, Gong T, Zhang ZR, John Kao W, Fu Y. Hierarchical assembly of hyaluronan coated albumin nanoparticles for pancreatic cancer chemoimmunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:16476-16487. [PMID: 31453622 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant carcinoma with limited effective treatment options, resulting in a poor patient survival rate of less than 5%. In this study, cationic albumin nanoparticles were assembled with negatively charged hyaluronic acid (HA) to achieve a hierarchical nanostructure and efficient delivery of small molecule drugs to the tumor site in the pancreas. A combination of chemotherapy with indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibition was explored to enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy in vivo. Hydrophobic celastrol (CLT) and hydrophilic 1-methyltryptophan (MT) were concurrently loaded in HA coated cationic albumin nanoparticles (HNPs) with an average size of ∼300 nm. The size of HNPs was reduced in the presence of hyaluronidase to facilitate penetration into deep tumor tissues. Also, the biodistribution study in the C57BL/6 mice xenograft model showed enhanced tumor accumulation and prolonged circulation of HNPs. Compared with CLT solution, the combination of CLT with MT showed significantly enhanced tumor inhibition in both xenograft and orthotopic pancreatic cancer mice models via downregulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Taken together, the combination of CLT with MT administered via HNPs represents a highly promising strategy for targeted pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yingying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xianru Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Mou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - W John Kao
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Chemical Biology Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, HKSAR, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celastrol, a major active constituent of Tripterygium wilfordii, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. However, whether celastrol can exert protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is unknown. The aim of this study was to test the protective effect of celastrol on MIRI and elucidate its underlying mechanism. METHODS Cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cells) were subjected to hypoxia for 8 h followed by reoxygenation for 4 h to create hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model, an in vitro MIRI model. Celastrol was added to the medium 60 min before the H/R process . Cell viability was detected using MTT assay. Myocardial injury was evaluated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity. Changes in mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and nuclear factor-K B (NF-K B) were measured with RT-qPCR assay and western blot analysis. RESULTS Results showed that low-dose celastrol (20 and 50 nM) treatment significantly increased cell viability and decreased LDH and CK-MB activity in the condition of H/R, but high-dose celastrol (200 and 400 nM) resulted in extra injury to cardiomyocytes. Moreover, treatment with 50 nM celastrol significantly downregulated mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α and IL-1ß. Meanwhile, NF-K B mRNA and protein in the nucleus were also correspondingly reduced. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that low-dose celastrol could prevent MIRI in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the activation of NF-K B, and celastrol may be a potential therapeutic agent for preventing MIRI.
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Deng X, Zeng T, Li J, Huang C, Yu M, Wang X, Tan L, Zhang M, Li A, Hu J. Kidney-targeted triptolide-encapsulated mesoscale nanoparticles for high-efficiency treatment of kidney injury. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5312-5323. [PMID: 31617509 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01290g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Insolubility and toxicity of TP restrict clinical applications in renal diseases. Here, TP-encapsulated mesoscale nanoparticles offer a new therapeutic strategy for renal diseases due to good biocompability, kidney targeting and slow release.
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21
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Yu X, Meng X, Xu M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ding G, Huang S, Zhang A, Jia Z. Celastrol ameliorates cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting NF-κB and improving mitochondrial function. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:266-280. [PMID: 30268831 PMCID: PMC6197337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celastrol is an active ingredient of Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii which is clinically used to treat the immune diseases. Currently, celastrol is documented as a potent agent for treating cancer and inflammatory disorders. This study was to investigate the effect of celastrol on cisplatin nephrotoxicity and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with cisplatin (20 mg/kg) with or without celastrol treatment (1 and 2 mg/kg/day). In vitro, human proximal tubule epithelial cell line (HK-2) and mouse renal tubule epithelial cells (RTECs) were treated with cisplatin (5 μg/mL) with or without celastrol administration. Then renal injury and cell damage were evaluated. FINDINGS In vivo, after celastrol treatment, cisplatin-induced kidney injury was significantly ameliorated as shown by the improvement of renal function (BUN, serum creatinine, and cystatin C), kidney morphology (PAS staining) and oxidative stress (MDA) and the suppression of renal tubular injury markers of KIM-1 and NGAL. Meanwhile, the renal apoptosis and inflammation induced by cisplatin were also strikingly attenuated in celastrol-treated mice. In vitro, celastrol treatment markedly inhibited cisplatin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis, suppressed NF-κB activation, and improved mitochondrial function evidenced by the restored mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and OXPHOS activity in cisplatin-treated renal tubular epithelial cells. INTERPRETATION This work suggested that celastrol could protect against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury possibly through suppressing NF-κB and improving mitochondrial function. FUND: The National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program, and Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210008, PR China; Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Peto K, Nemeth N, Mester A, Magyar Z, Ghanem S, Somogyi V, Tanczos B, Deak A, Bidiga L, Frecska E, Nemes B. Hemorheological and metabolic consequences of renal ischemia-reperfusion and their modulation by N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine on a rat model. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 70:107-117. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-170361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Peto
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Norbert Nemeth
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Mester
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Magyar
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Souleiman Ghanem
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Somogyi
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bence Tanczos
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adam Deak
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Bidiga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ede Frecska
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs Nemes
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Institute of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Hu X, Jia M, Fu Y, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Lin Q. Novel Low-Toxic Derivative of Celastrol Maintains Protective Effect against Acute Renal Injury. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2652-2660. [PMID: 30023844 PMCID: PMC6045326 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to novelly design and synthesize an amide derivative as a potential substitute of celastrol (CLT). We constituted the compound celastrol-glucosamine (CLG) by conjugating 1-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-glucosamine to celastrol (CLT) and confirmed its chemical structure by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS/MS. Then, the potential efficacy of the CLG was investigated on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury animal models. The results demonstrated that the decorated compound CLG could completely reverse the disease progression as same as CLT. Furthermore, the toxicity of CLG was also fully evaluated in rat blood, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, and reproductive system. Compared to the performance of CLT on normal organs, CLG could remarkably maintain high safety and significantly reduce the side effects. Taken together, the CLG could keep the same efficacy as CLT while processing lower toxicity in vivo.
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Tong S, Zhang L, Joseph J, Jiang X. Celastrol pretreatment attenuates rat myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 protein expression via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:843-849. [PMID: 29475002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Celastrol pretreatment has been shown to protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of celastrol pretreatment on I/R injury and to further explore whether its mechanism of action was associated with the inhibition of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) expression via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. METHODS In a fixed-dose study, hematoxylin and eosin staining and myocardial enzyme measurements were used to determine the optimal dose of celastrol that elicited the best cardioprotective effects against I/R injury. Furthermore, rats were pretreated with 4 mg/kg celastrol, and infarct size and the levels of myocardial enzymes, apoptosis, inflammatory and oxidative indices, and HMGB1 and p-Akt expression were measured. RESULTS Our results indicated that celastrol dose-dependently attenuated histopathological changes and the elevation in myocardial enzymes induced by I/R. Moreover, the celastrol pretreatment (4 mg/kg) not only significantly decreased infarct size as well as myocardial enzyme levels but also inhibited myocardial apoptosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Additionally, celastrol downregulated HMGB1 expression and upregulated p-Akt expression in the myocardium. LY294002, a specific pI3k inhibitor, partially reversed the decreased HMGB1 expression, increased p-Akt expression induced by celastrol, and abolished the anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of celastrol. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that short-term pretreatment with celastrol protects against myocardial I/R injury by suppressing myocardial apoptosis, inflammatory response and oxidative stress via pI3k/Akt pathway activation and HMGB1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suiyang Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Joseph
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Chen SR, Dai Y, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang Y, Wang Y. A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29491837 PMCID: PMC5817256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide and celastrol are predominantly active natural products isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. These compounds exhibit similar pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Triptolide and celastrol also provide neuroprotection and prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, toxicity restricts the further development of triptolide and celastrol. In this review, we comprehensively review therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, and translational study of triptolide and celastrol. We systemically discuss the structure-activity-relationship of triptolide, celastrol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose the use of structural derivatives, targeted therapy, and combination treatment as possible solutions to reduce toxicity and increase therapeutic window of these potent natural products from T. wilfordii Hook F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Xiao S, Zhang M, Liang Y, Wang D. Celastrol synergizes with oral nifedipine to attenuate hypertension in preeclampsia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double blinded trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:598-603. [PMID: 28757108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a disease mainly manifesting as serious hypertension during pregnancy, affects expectant mothers around the globe. Celastrol, a naturally existing triterpenoid, is known to exhibit beneficial effects attenuating cardiovascular symptoms including hypertension. We here assessed the treatment outcome against preeclampsia with a combined use of celastrol and nifedipine. A total of 626 patients with preeclampsia were enrolled, screened, and assigned by random to groups receiving either nifedipine + placebo or nifedipine + celastrol orally. Time required to control hypertension as well as time before another hypertensive crisis were defined as primary end points. Secondary end points include the number of dosages required to control hypertension, as well as maternal and neonatal adverse effects. The time to control hypertension showed a marked reduction in nifedipine + celastrol group, while time before a new hypertensive crisis was significantly lengthened with the treatment, compared with the nifedipine + placebo group. The number of dosages required to control hypertension was also lower in the nifedipine + celastrol group. The two treatment groups were not statistically different regarding adverse effects, either maternal or neonatal. Results from the current study provide evidence for the potential role of celastrol serving as an effective and safe adjuvant to oral nifedipine against hypertension in patients with preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Deling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Schisandrin B Prevents Hind Limb from Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via MAPK/NF- κB Pathways in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4237973. [PMID: 28706944 PMCID: PMC5494555 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4237973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schisandrin B (ScB), isolated from Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis), is a traditional Chinese medicine with proven cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects. However, it is unclear whether ScB also has beneficial effects on rat hind limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model. In this study, ScB (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg) was administered via oral gavage once daily for 5 days before the surgery. After 6 h ischemia and 24 h reperfusion of left hind limb, ScB reduced I/R induced histological changes and edema. ScB also suppressed the oxidative stress through decreasing MDA level and increasing SOD activity. Moreover, above changes were associated with downregulated TNF-α mRNA expression and reduced level of IL-1β in plasma. Meanwhile, ScB treatment downregulated activation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB in ischemic skeletal muscle. These results demonstrate that ScB treatment could prevent hind limb I/R skeletal muscle injury possibly by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation via p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and NF-κB pathways.
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El-Tanbouly GS, El-Awady MS, Megahed NA, Salem HA, El-Kashef HA. The NF-κB inhibitor celastrol attenuates acute hepatic dysfunction induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 50:175-182. [PMID: 28189063 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute hepatic dysfunction associating sepsis is mediated mainly by toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway. This study explores potential hepatoprotective effect of the NF-κB inhibitor celastrol in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rats. Protective effect of celastrol (1mg/kg, i.p., 1h before CLP) was illustrated after 24h by preventing CLP-induced hepatic histopathological changes and elevation in serum hepatic biomarkers [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB) and gamma aminotransferase (γ-GT)] without affecting mortality. Celastrol anti-inflammatory effect was illustrated by inhibiting increased serum and hepatic mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) without affecting IL-10 elevation. Furthermore, celastrol inhibited CLP-induced elevations in hepatic mRNA expression of nuclear factor inhibitory protein kappa-B alpha (NFκBia), TLR-4, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and prevented NF-κB/p65 nuclear translocation and activation. In conclusion, celastrol prevented CLP-induced acute hepatic dysfunction through its anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating NF-κB activation, TLR-4 and 5-LOX expression with subsequent reduction in pro-inflammatory IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada S El-Tanbouly
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for science and technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nermeen A Megahed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for science and technology, Gamasa, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Nabi F, Shahzad M, Liu J, Li K, Han Z, Zhang D, Iqbal MK, Li J. Hsp90 inhibitor celastrol reinstates growth plate angiogenesis in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia. Avian Pathol 2016; 45:187-93. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1141170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Testis Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2183026. [PMID: 27127546 PMCID: PMC4835650 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2183026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to the ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, and inflammatory responses to cell death. In normal conditions, ROS mediate important beneficial responses. When their production is prolonged or elevated, harmful events are observed with peculiar cellular changes. In particular, during I/R, ROS stimulate tissue inflammation and induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 are several and not completely elucidated. It was recently shown that NLRP3 might sense directly the presence of ROS produced by normal or malfunctioning mitochondria or indirectly by other activators of NLRP3. Aim of the present review is to describe the current knowledge on the role of NLRP3 in some organs (brain, heart, kidney, and testis) after I/R injury, with particular regard to the role played by ROS in its activation. Furthermore, as no specific therapy for the prevention or treatment of the high mortality and morbidity associated with I/R is available, the state of the art of the development of novel therapeutic approaches is illustrated.
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Magalhães PADF, de Brito TS, Freire RS, da Silva MTB, dos Santos AA, Vale ML, de Menezes DB, Martins AMC, Libório AB. Metabolic acidosis aggravates experimental acute kidney injury. Life Sci 2016; 146:58-65. [PMID: 26773857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and metabolic acidosis (MA) are two critical conditions that may simultaneously occur in clinical practice. The result of this combination can be harmful to the kidneys, but this issue has not been thoroughly investigated. The present study evaluated the influence of low systemic pH on various parameters of kidney function in rats that were subjected to an experimental model of renal I/R injury. MAIN METHODS Metabolic acidosis was induced in male Wistar rats by ingesting ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) in tap water, beginning 2 days before ischemic insult and maintained during the entire study. Ischemia/reperfusion was induced by clamping both renal arteries for 45 min, followed by 48 h of reperfusion. Four groups were studied: control (subjected to sham surgery, n=8), I/R (n=8), metabolic acidosis (MA; 0.28 M NH4Cl solution and sham surgery, n=6), and MA+I/R (0.28 M NH4Cl solution plus I/R, n=9). KEY FINDINGS Compared with I/R rats, MA+I/R rats exhibited higher mortality (50 vs. 11%, p=0.03), significant reductions of blood pH, plasma bicarbonate (pBic), and standard base excess (SBE), with a severe decline in the glomerular filtration rate and tubular function. Microscopic tubular injury signals were detected. Immunofluorescence revealed that the combination of MA and I/R markedly increased nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1), but it did not interfere with the decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression that was caused by I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE Acute ischemic kidney injury is exacerbated by acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Lima Vale
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Braga Libório
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Universidade de Fortaleza, UNIFOR, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Yuan ZY, Lu X, Lei F, Chai YS, Wang YG, Jiang JF, Feng TS, Wang XP, Yu X, Yan XJ, Xing DM, Du LJ. TATA boxes in gene transcription and poly (A) tails in mRNA stability: New perspective on the effects of berberine. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18326. [PMID: 26671652 PMCID: PMC4680869 DOI: 10.1038/srep18326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) is a natural compound with variable pharmacological effects and a broad panel of target genes. We investigated berberine’s pharmacological activities from the perspective of its nucleotide-binding ability and discovered that BBR directly regulates gene expression by targeting TATA boxes in transcriptional regulatory regions as well as the poly adenine (poly (A)) tail at the mRNA terminus. BBR inhibits gene transcription by binding the TATA boxes in the transcriptional regulatory region, but it promotes higher levels of expression by targeting the poly (A) tails of mRNAs. The present study demonstrates that TATA boxes and poly (A) tails are the first and second primary targets by which BBR regulates gene expression. The final outcome of gene regulation by BBR depends on the structure of the individual gene. This is the first study to reveal that TATA boxes and poly (A) tails are direct targets for BBR in its regulation of gene expression. Our findings provide a novel explanation for the complex activities of a small molecule compound in a biological system and a novel horizon for small molecule-compound pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yi Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-Shuang Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-Gang Wang
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jing-Fei Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Shi Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xin-Pei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dong-Ming Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li-Jun Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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The protein kinase 2 inhibitor tetrabromobenzotriazole protects against renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14816. [PMID: 26423352 PMCID: PMC4589787 DOI: 10.1038/srep14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase 2 (CK2) activation was reported to enhance reactive oxygen species production and activate the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. Because oxidative stress and inflammation are critical events for tissue destruction during ischemia reperfusion (I/R), we sought to determine whether CK2 was important in the renal response to I/R. Mice underwent 25 min of renal ischemia and were then reperfused. We confirmed an increased expression of CK2α during the reperfusion period, while expression of CK2β remained consistent. We administered tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBBt), a selective CK2α inhibitor before inducing I/R injury. Mice subjected to I/R injury showed typical patterns of acute kidney injury; blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, tubular necrosis and apoptosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine production, and oxidative stress were markedly increased when compared to sham mice. However, pretreatment with TBBt abolished these changes and improved renal function and architecture. Similar renoprotective effects of CK2α inhibition were observed for emodin. Renoprotective effects of CK2α inhibition were associated with suppression of NF-κB and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that CK2α mediates proapoptotic and proinflammatory signaling, thus the CK2α inhibitor may be used to prevent renal I/R injuries observed in clinical settings.
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Der Sarkissian S, Cailhier JF, Borie M, Stevens LM, Gaboury L, Mansour S, Hamet P, Noiseux N. Celastrol protects ischaemic myocardium through a heat shock response with up-regulation of haeme oxygenase-1. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:5265-79. [PMID: 25041185 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Celastrol, a triterpene from plants, has been used in traditional oriental medicine to treat various diseases. Here, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of celastrol against ischaemia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Protective pathways induced by celastrol were investigated in hypoxic cultures of H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts and in a rat model of myocardial infarction, assessed with echocardiographic and histological analysis. KEY RESULTS In H9c2 cells, celastrol triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation within minutes, induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) resulting in a heat shock response (HSR) leading to increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs). ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine reduced expression of HSP70 and HSP32 (haeme oxygenase-1, HO-1). Celastrol improved H9c2 survival under hypoxic stress, and functional analysis revealed HSF1 and HO-1 as key effectors of the HSR, induced by celastrol, in promoting cytoprotection. In the rat ischaemic myocardium, celastrol treatment improved cardiac function and reduced adverse left ventricular remodelling at 14 days. Celastrol triggered expression of cardioprotective HO-1 and inhibited fibrosis and infarct size. In the peri-infarct area, celastrol reduced myofibroblast and macrophage infiltration, while attenuating up-regulation of TGF-β and collagen genes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Celastrol treatment induced an HSR through activation of HSF1 with up-regulation of HO-1 as the key effector, promoting cardiomyocyte survival, reduction of injury and adverse remodelling with preservation of cardiac function. Celastrol may represent a novel potent pharmacological cardioprotective agent mimicking ischaemic conditioning that could have a valuable impact in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Der Sarkissian
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Malek M, Nematbakhsh M. Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury; from pathophysiology to treatment. J Renal Inj Prev 2015; 4:20-7. [PMID: 26060833 PMCID: PMC4459724 DOI: 10.12861/jrip.2015.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is caused by a sudden temporary impairment of the blood flow to the particular organ. IRI usually is associated with a robust inflammatory and oxidative stress response to hypoxia and reperfusion which disturbs the organ function. Renal IR induced acute kidney injury (AKI) contributes to high morbidity and mortality rate in a wide range of injuries. Although the pathophysiology of IRI is not completely understood, several important mechanisms resulting in kidney failure have been mentioned. In ischemic kidney and subsequent of re-oxygenation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at reperfusion phase initiates a cascade of deleterious cellular responses leading to inflammation, cell death, and acute kidney failure. Better understanding of the cellular pathophysiological mechanisms underlying kidney injury will hopefully result in the design of more targeted therapies to prevent and treatment the injury. In this review, we summarize some important potential mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Malek
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center/Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center/Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran ; Isfahan MN Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan , Iran
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