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Han T, Xu W, Wang X, Gao J, Zhang S, Yang L, Wang M, Li C, Li X. Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-induced hepatotoxicity and gender differences in zebrafish as revealed by integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155411. [PMID: 38518638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emodin-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Em8G) is an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.. And it caused hepatotoxicity, while the underlying mechanism was not clear yet. PURPOSE We aimed to explore the detrimental effects of Em8G on the zebrafish liver through the metabolome and transcriptome integrated analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, zebrafish larvae were used in acute toxicity tests to reveal the hepatotoxicity of Em8G. Adult zebrafish were then used to evaluate the gender differences in hepatotoxicity induced by Em8G. Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis was used further to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying gender differences in hepatotoxicity. RESULTS Our results showed that under non-lethal concentration exposure conditions, hepatotoxicity was observed in Em8G-treated zebrafish larvae, including changes in liver transmittance, liver area, hepatocyte apoptosis and hepatocyte vacuolation. Male adult zebrafish displayed a higher Em8G-induced hepatotoxicity than female zebrafish, as demonstrated by the higher mortality and histopathological alterations. The results of transcriptomics combined with metabolomics showed that Em8G mainly affected carbohydrate metabolism (such as TCA cycle) in male zebrafish and amino acid metabolism (such as arginine and proline metabolism) in females, suggesting that the difference of energy metabolism disorder may be the potential mechanism of male and female liver toxicity induced by Em8G. CONCLUSIONS This study provided the direct evidence for the hepatotoxicity of Em8G to zebrafish models in vivo, and brought a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of Em8G hepatotoxicity, which can guide the rational application of this phytotoxin. In addition, our findings revealed gender differences in the hepatotoxicity of Em8G to zebrafish, which is related to energy metabolism and provided a methodological reference for evaluating hepatotoxic drugs with gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Han
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshuai Li
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangri Li
- Centre of TCM Processing Research / Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Chen Y, Yin Z, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Liu T, Lu WY, Wang S. Increased GABA signaling in liver macrophage promotes HBV replication in HBV-carrier mice. Virus Res 2024; 344:199366. [PMID: 38548137 PMCID: PMC10998195 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signals in various non-neuronal cells including hepatocytes and some immune cells. Studies, including ours, show that type A GABA receptors (GABAARs)-mediated signaling occurs in macrophages regulating tissue-specific functions. Our recent study reveals that activation of GABAARs in liver macrophages promotes their M2-like polarization and increases HBV replication in mice. This short article briefly summarizes the GABA signaling system in macrophages and discusses potential mechanisms by which GABA signaling promotes HBV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Chen
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tinghao Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China; School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University& Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Yang Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, Canada.
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Wang Y, Wang D, Wang K, Weng S, Zheng R, Liu X, Zhao L, Li C, Hu Z. Litchi pulp-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) extract counteracts liver inflammation induced by litchi thaumatin-like protein. Food Funct 2024; 15:4818-4831. [PMID: 38606579 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05463b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the predominant amino acid in litchi pulp, known for its neuroregulatory effects and anti-inflammatory properties. Although previous research has highlighted the pro-inflammatory characteristics of litchi thaumatin-like protein (LcTLP), interplay between GABA and LcTLP in relation to inflammation remains unclear. This study aims to explore the hepatoprotective effects of the litchi pulp-derived GABA extract (LGE) against LcTLP-induced liver inflammation in mice and LO2 cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that LGE significantly reduced the levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, and protected the liver against infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and histological injury induced by LcTLP. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α were also diminished by LGE. The LGE appeared to modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to exert its anti-inflammatory effects, as evidenced by a reduction of 47%, 35%, and 31% in phosphorylated p38, JNK, and ERK expressions, respectively, in the liver of the high-dose LGE group. Additionally, LGE effectively improved the translocation of gut microbiota by modulating its microbiological composition and abundance. In vitro studies have shown that LGE effectively counteracts the increase in reactive oxygen species, calcium ions, and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LcTLP. These findings may offer new perspectives on the health benefits and safety of litchi consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shaoquan Weng
- Guangzhou Wanglaoji Great Health Industry Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Rongbo Zheng
- Guangzhou Wanglaoji Great Health Industry Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Xuwei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chuyuan Li
- Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Holding Limited, Guangzhou 510130, China.
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhang ML, Zhao X, Li WX, Wang XY, Niu M, Zhang H, Chen YL, Kong DX, Gao Y, Guo YM, Bai ZF, Zhao YL, Tang JF, Xiao XH. Yin/Yang associated differential responses to Psoralea corylifolia Linn. In rat models: an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics study. Chin Med 2023; 18:102. [PMID: 37592331 PMCID: PMC10433582 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psoralea corylifolia Linn. (BGZ) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (Yangsyn) with good curative effect and security. However, BGZ was also reported to induce liver injury in recent years. According to TCM theory, taking BGZ may induce a series of adverse reactions in patients with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome (Yinsyn), which suggests that BGZ-induced liver damage may be related to its unreasonable clinical use. AIM OF THE STUDY Liver injury caused by TCM is a rare but potentially serious adverse drug reaction, and the identification of predisposed individuals for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains challenging. The study aimed to investigate the differential responses to BGZ in Yangsyn and Yinsyn rat models and identify the corresponding characteristic biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The corresponding animal models of Yangsyn and Yinsyn were induced by hydrocortisone and thyroxine + reserpine respectively. Body weight, organ index, serum biochemistry, and Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining were used to evaluate the liver toxicity effect of BGZ on rats with Yangsyn and Yinsyn. Transcriptomics and metabonomics were used to screen the representative biomarkers (including metabolites and differentially expressed genes (DEGs)) changed by BGZ in Yangsyn and Yinsyn rats, respectively. RESULTS The level changes of liver organ index, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), suggested that BGZ has liver-protective and liver-damaging effects on Yangsyn and Yinsyn rats, respectively, and the results also were confirmed by the pathological changes of liver tissue. The results showed that 102 DEGs and 27 metabolites were significantly regulated related to BGZ's protective effect on Yangsyn, which is mainly associated with the glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, pantothenate, and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis pathways. While 28 DEGs and 31 metabolites, related to the pathway of pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, were significantly regulated for the BGZ-induced liver injury in Yinsyn. Furthermore, 4 DEGs (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member B1 (Aldh1b1), solute carrier family 25 member 25 (Slc25a25), Pim-3 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (Pim3), out at first homolog (Oaf)) and 4 metabolites (phosphatidate, phosphatidylcholine, N-Acetylleucine, biliverdin) in the Yangsyn group and 1 DEG [galectin 5 (Lgals5)] and 1 metabolite (5-amino-1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxylate) in Yinsyn group were significantly correlated to the ALT and AST levels of BGZ treated and untreated groups (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) ≥ 0.9). CONCLUSIONS Yinsyn and Yangsyn are the predisposed syndromes for BGZ to exert liver damage and liver protection respectively, which are mainly related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. The results further suggest that attention should be paid to the selection of predisposed populations when using drugs related to the regulation of energy metabolism, and the Yinsyn/Yangsyn animal models based on the theory of TCM syndromes may be a feasible method for identifying the susceptible population to receive TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Xia Li
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Long Chen
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - De-Xin Kong
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ming Guo
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Fang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin-Fa Tang
- Henan Province Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Evaluation Technology of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Zhou N, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Feng W, Liu T, Cao Y, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zheng X, Li K. Characterizing the specific mechanism of series processed Coptidis Rhizoma by multi-organ metabolomics combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154804. [PMID: 37031638 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After being processed with different excipients, the clinical application of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) is differentially investigated. However, the underlying mechanism and material basis are not clear, and there is a lack of attention to the collaborative working mode of herbal medicine during exploration. PURPOSE To characterize the specific mechanism of wine/zingiberis rhizoma recens/euodiae fructus processed CR (wCR/zCR/eCR) and to investigate the role of excipients during processing. METHODS The multi-organ metabolomics approach was employed to explore the target organs of wCR/zCR/eCR and multiple pathways being triggered in each organ. The tissue distribution of CR and wCR/zCR/eCR components was compared to indicate the material basis of efficacy change after processing. Further, the network pharmacology study coupled with experimental validation was conducted to support metabolomic research and predicted active ingredients and core targets, and the molecular docking coupled with binding test was performed to identify the binding between active ingredient and core target. RESULTS The multi-organ metabolomics and network pharmacology study elucidated the intervening effect of wCR on heart/lung, zCR on stomach/colon, and eCR on liver/colon/stomach. Combined with molecular docking, binding test and tissue distribution studies, the specific mechanism was as follows: the wine made iso-quinoline alkaloids in CR more likely to accumulate in heart/lung, thus triggering the core targets of PTGS2, NOS2, ESR1 and SLC6A4 in heart/lung, and thereby highlighting the detoxifying and cardiopulmonary protective effect of wCR. The zingiberis rhizoma recens and euodiae fructus made organic acids in CR more likely to accumulate in stomach/colon and liver/colon/stomach respectively, thus triggering the core targets of ACTB, TNF and PRKCA in stomach/colon, the core targets of ACTB, TNF, PRKCA and GPT in stomach/colon/liver, and thereby highlighting the improving effect of zCR/eCR on digestive function. CONCLUSION Iso-quinoline alkaloids were the material basis of CR for anti-inflammation, and organic acids were mainly responsible for regulating gastrointestinal function. Due to the influence of excipients on the accumulation tendency of CR components, the differentially highlighted application of wCR/zCR/eCR was achieved. These findings propose a novel strategy for processing mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenkai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China; The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxian Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China; Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China; Henan Research Center for Special Processing Technology of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Pei J, Wei C, Lin Z, Pan H, Pan Z, Guo X, Yu Z. Sodium-Ion-Free Fermentative Production of GABA with Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050608. [PMID: 37233649 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has positive effects on many physiological processes. Lactic acid bacterial production of GABA is a future trend. This study aimed to produce a sodium-ion-free GABA fermentation process for Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817. In this fermentation, both the seed and fermentation media used L-glutamic acid instead of monosodium L-glutamate as the substrate. We optimized the key factors influencing GABA formation, adopting Erlenmeyer flask fermentation. The optimized values of the key factors of glucose, yeast extract, Tween 80, manganese ion, and fermentation temperature were 10 g/L, 35 g/L, 1.5 g/L, 0.2 mM, and 30 °C, respectively. Based on the optimized data, a sodium-ion-free GABA fermentation process was developed using a 10-L fermenter. During the fermentation, L-glutamic acid powder was continuously dissolved to supply substrate and to provide the acidic environment essential for GABA synthesis. The current bioprocess accumulated GABA at up to 331 ± 8.3 g/L after 48 h. The productivity of GABA was 6.9 g/L/h and the molar conversion rate of the substrate was 98.1%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method is promising in the fermentative preparation of GABA by lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jinfeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenkang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Kim K, Yoon H. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling in Damage Response, Metabolism, and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054584. [PMID: 36902014 PMCID: PMC10003236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a crucial role in signal transduction and can function as a neurotransmitter. Although many studies have been conducted on GABA in brain biology, the cellular function and physiological relevance of GABA in other metabolic organs remain unclear. Here, we will discuss recent advances in understanding GABA metabolism with a focus on its biosynthesis and cellular functions in other organs. The mechanisms of GABA in liver biology and disease have revealed new ways to link the biosynthesis of GABA to its cellular function. By reviewing what is known about the distinct effects of GABA and GABA-mediated metabolites in physiological pathways, we provide a framework for understanding newly identified targets regulating the damage response, with implications for ameliorating metabolic diseases. With this review, we suggest that further research is necessary to develop GABA's beneficial and toxic effects on metabolic disease progression.
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Rohbeck E, Niersmann C, Köhrer K, Wachtmeister T, Roden M, Eckel J, Romacho T. Positive allosteric GABA A receptor modulation counteracts lipotoxicity-induced gene expression changes in hepatocytes in vitro. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1106075. [PMID: 36860523 PMCID: PMC9968943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We have previously shown that the novel positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, HK4, exerts hepatoprotective effects against lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis, DNA damage, inflammation and ER stress in vitro. This might be mediated by downregulated phosphorylation of the transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of HK4 on lipotoxicity-induced hepatocyte injury at the transcriptional level. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate (200 μM) in the presence or absence of HK4 (10 μM) for 7 h. Total RNA was isolated and the expression profiles of mRNAs were assessed. Differentially expressed genes were identified and subjected to the DAVID database and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software for functional and pathway analysis, all under appropriate statistical testing. Results: Transcriptomic analysis showed substantial modifications in gene expression in response to palmitate as lipotoxic stimulus with 1,457 differentially expressed genes affecting lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, oxidative and ER stress among others. HK4 preincubation resulted in the prevention of palmitate-induced dysregulation by restoring initial gene expression pattern of untreated hepatocytes comprising 456 genes. Out of the 456 genes, 342 genes were upregulated and 114 downregulated by HK4. Enriched pathways analysis of those genes by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, pointed towards oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein ubiquitination, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation as affected pathways. These pathways are regulated by the key upstream regulators TP53, KDM5B, DDX5, CAB39 L and SYVN1, which orchestrate the metabolic and oxidative stress responses including modulation of DNA repair and degradation of ER stress-induced misfolded proteins in the presence or absence of HK4. Discussion: We conclude that HK4 specifically targets mitochondrial respiration, protein ubiquitination, apoptosis and cell cycle. This not only helps to counteract lipotoxic hepatocellular injury through modification of gene expression, but - by targeting transcription factors responsible for DNA repair, cell cycle progression and ER stress - might even prevent lipotoxic mechanisms. These findings suggest that HK4 has a great potential for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rohbeck
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany,CureDiab Metabolic Research GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Niersmann
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany,CureDiab Metabolic Research GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Centre (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wachtmeister
- Biological and Medical Research Centre (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,CureDiab Metabolic Research GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Romacho
- German Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Chronic Complications of Diabetes Lab (ChroCoDiL), Department of Nursing Sciences, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain,*Correspondence: Tania Romacho,
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Yan J, Lu A, Kun J, Wang B, Miao Y, Chen Y, Ho CT, Meng Q, Tong H. Characterization of triterpenoids as possible bitter-tasting compounds in teas infected with bird’s eye spot disease. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112643. [PMID: 37087235 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Tea infected with bird's eye spot disease generally imparts a long-lasting bitter taste, which is unacceptable to most consumers. This study has comprehensively evaluated the taste profiles of infected and healthy teas and investigated their known bitter compounds previously reported in tea. Quantification analyses and calculation of dose-over-threshold (DoT) factors revealed that no obvious difference was visualized in catechins, caffeine, bitter amino acids, and flavonols and their glycosides between infected and healthy tea samples, which was also verified by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Therefore, these known bitter compounds have been ruled out as critical contributors to the long-lasting bitterness of infected teas. Furthermore, Gel permeation chromatography, sensory analysis, and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS were employed and identified 13 substances from the target bitter fractions, including caffeine, ten triterpenoids, and two oxylipins. The higher triterpenoid levels were supposed to be the reason causing the long-lasting bitterness. This study has provided a research direction for the molecular basis of the long-lasting bitterness of infected tea leaves with bird's eye spot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingna Yan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Anxia Lu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Jirui Kun
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; Food Quality & Design Group, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yiwen Miao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yingjuan Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Qing Meng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Huarong Tong
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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10
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Chen Q, Gao Y, Yang F, Deng H, Wang Y, Yuan L. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 improves hepatic insulin resistance by regulating GABAergic signaling in the liver. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102603. [PMID: 36265585 PMCID: PMC9668738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/angiotensin 1-7/MAS axis and the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic signaling system have both been shown to have the dual potential to improve insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis associated with obesity in the liver. Recent studies have demonstrated that ACE2 can regulate the GABA signal in various tissues. Notwithstanding this evidence, the functional relationship between ACE2 and GABA signal in the liver under IR remains elusive. Here, we used high-fat diet-induced models of IR in C57BL/6 mice as well as ACE2KO and adeno-associated virus-mediated ACE2 overexpression mouse models to address this knowledge gap. Our analysis showed that glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)67/GABA signaling was weakened in the liver during IR, whereas the expression of GAD67 and GABA decreased significantly in ACE2KO mice. Furthermore, exogenous administration of angiotensin 1-7 and adeno-associated virus- or lentivirus-mediated overexpression of ACE2 significantly increased hepatic GABA signaling in models of IR both in vivo and in vitro. We found that this treatment prevented lipid accumulation and promoted fatty acid β oxidation in hepatocytes as well as inhibited the expression of gluconeogenesis- and inflammation-related genes, which could be reversed by allylglycine, a specific GAD67 inhibitor. Collectively, our findings show that signaling via the ACE2/A1-7/MAS axis can improve hepatic IR by regulating hepatic GABA signaling. We propose that this research might indicate a potential strategy for the management of diabetes.
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Li H, Meng Q, Wang W, Mo D, Dang W, Lu H. Gut Microbial Composition and Liver Metabolite Changes Induced by Ammonia Stress in Juveniles of an Invasive Freshwater Turtle. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1315. [PMID: 36138794 PMCID: PMC9495491 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the most common pollutant in aquaculture systems, the toxic effects of ammonia have been extensively explored in cultured fish, molluscs, and crustaceans, but have rarely been considered in turtle species. In this study, juveniles of the invasive turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans, were exposed to different ammonia levels (0, 0.3, 3.0, and 20.0 mg/L) for 30 days to evaluate the physiological, gut microbiomic, and liver metabolomic responses to ammonia in this turtle species. Except for a relatively low growth rate of turtles exposed to the highest concentration, ammonia exposure had no significant impact on the locomotor ability and gut microbial diversity of turtles. However, the composition of the microbial community could be altered, with some pathogenic bacteria being increased in ammonia-exposed turtles, which might indicate the change in their health status. Furthermore, hepatic metabolite profiles via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed extensive metabolic perturbations, despite being primarily involved in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. Overall, our results show that ammonia exposure causes gut dysbacteriosis and disturbs various metabolic pathways in aquatic turtle species. Considering discrepant defense mechanisms, the toxic impacts of ammonia at environmentally relevant concentrations on physiological performance might be less pronounced in turtles compared with fish and other invertebrates.
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Rohbeck E, Hasse B, Koopmans G, Romero A, Belgardt BF, Roden M, Eckel J, Romacho T. Positive allosteric γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation prevents lipotoxicity-induced injury in hepatocytes in vitro. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1498-1508. [PMID: 35434888 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine if a novel positive allosteric modulator of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA ) receptor, the thioacrylamide-derivative HK4, which does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, protects human hepatocytes against lipotoxicity-induced injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allosteric modulation of the GABAA receptor by HK4 was determined by patch clamp in HEK-293 cells, calcium influx in INS-1E cells and by using the specific GABAA channel blockers picrotoxin and tert-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) in HepG2 cells. Apoptosis was analysed using caspase 3/7, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and array assays in HepG2 cells and/or human primary hepatocytes. Phosphorylation of STAT3 and the NF-κB subunit p65, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Patch clamping, calcium influx measurements and apoptosis assays with the non-competitive GABAA channel blockers picrotoxin and TBPS proved HK4 as a selective positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor. In HepG2 cells, which expressed the main GABAA receptor subunits, HK4 prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis. This protective effect was mediated by downregulation of caspase 3/7 activity and was additionally verified by TUNEL assay. HK4 effectively prevented palmitate-induced apoptosis in human primary hepatocytes. HK4 reduced STAT3 and NF-κB phosphorylation, reduced cleaved PARP-1 expression and upregulated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone PDI. CONCLUSIONS HK4 reduced lipotoxic-induced apoptosis by preventing inflammation, DNA damage and ER stress. We propose that the effect of HK4 is mediated by STAT3 and NF-κB. It is suggested that thioacrylamide compounds represent an innovative pharmacological tool to treat or prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis as first-in-class drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rohbeck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Alejandra Romero
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eckel
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tania Romacho
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Li YH, Hsu DZ, Liu CT, Chandrasekaran VRM, Liu MY. The protective effect of muscimol against systemic inflammatory response in endotoxemic mice is independent of GABAergic and cholinergic receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:665-678. [PMID: 35856422 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome plays an important role in the development of sepsis. GABAergic and cholinergic pathways activation are considered important for inflammatory response regulation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-12, IL-10, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) are important inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Muscimol, an active compound from the mushroom Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam., is a potent GABAA agonist, inhibits inflammatory response via activating GABAA receptor and vagus nerve. However, the effect of muscimol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammatory response is still unclear. Therefore, we studied the effects of muscimol on systemic inflammatory response and survival rate in endotoxemic mice. Mice endotoxemia was induced by LPS. Muscimol was given to mice or RAW264.7 cells 30 min before LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p., or 10 ng/mL, respectively). Mice received GABAergic and cholinergic receptor antagonists 30 min before muscimol and LPS. Muscimol decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, iNOS-derived NO, and increased IL-10 levels and survival rate after LPS treatment. Muscimol significantly decreased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity, increased IκB expression, and decreased pIKK expression in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. GABAergic and cholinergic antagonists failed to reverse muscimol's protection in LPS-treated mice. In conclusion, muscimol protected against systemic inflammatory response in endotoxemic mice may be partially independent of GABAergic and cholinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Dur-Zong Hsu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Teng Liu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Victor Raj Mohan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yie Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan
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14
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Lu H, Lei X, Winkler R, John S, Kumar D, Li W, Alnouti Y. Crosstalk of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4a and glucocorticoid receptor in the regulation of lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat-high-sugar diet. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:46. [PMID: 35614477 PMCID: PMC9134643 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), master regulators of liver metabolism, are down-regulated in fatty liver diseases. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of down-regulation of HNF4α and GR in fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Methods Adult mice with liver-specific heterozygote (HET) and knockout (KO) of HNF4α or GR were fed a high-fat-high-sugar diet (HFHS) for 15 days. Alterations in hepatic and circulating lipids were determined with analytical kits, and changes in hepatic mRNA and protein expression in these mice were quantified by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Serum and hepatic levels of bile acids were quantified by LC-MS/MS. The roles of HNF4α and GR in regulating hepatic gene expression were determined using luciferase reporter assays. Results Compared to HFHS-fed wildtype mice, HNF4α HET mice had down-regulation of lipid catabolic genes, induction of lipogenic genes, and increased hepatic and blood levels of lipids, whereas HNF4α KO mice had fatty liver but mild hypolipidemia, down-regulation of lipid-efflux genes, and induction of genes for uptake, synthesis, and storage of lipids. Serum levels of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid tended to be decreased in the HNF4α HET mice but dramatically increased in the HNF4α KO mice, which was associated with marked down-regulation of cytochrome P450 7a1, the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. Hepatic mRNA and protein expression of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), a master lipogenic regulator, was induced in HFHS-fed HNF4α HET mice. In reporter assays, HNF4α cooperated with the corepressor small heterodimer partner to potently inhibit the transactivation of mouse and human SREBP-1C promoter by liver X receptor. Hepatic nuclear GR proteins tended to be decreased in the HNF4α KO mice. HFHS-fed mice with liver-specific KO of GR had increased hepatic lipids and induction of SREBP-1C and PPARγ, which was associated with a marked decrease in hepatic levels of HNF4α proteins in these mice. In reporter assays, GR and HNF4α synergistically/additively induced lipid catabolic genes. Conclusions induction of lipid catabolic genes and suppression of lipogenic genes by HNF4α and GR may mediate the early resistance to HFHS-induced fatty liver and hyperlipidemia. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01654-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Rebecca Winkler
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Savio John
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wenkuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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15
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pH Auto-Sustain-Based Fermentation Supports Efficient Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Production by Lactobacillus brevis CD0817. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a role in several physiological functions. GABA production by lactic acid bacteria has attracted considerable interest; however, there is need to improve production. This study aimed to develop a pH auto-sustain (PAS)-based GABA fermentation process for Lactobacillus brevis CD0817, with L-glutamic acid (solubility ~6.0 g/L and isoelectric point 3.22) as the substrate. Firstly, we determined the optimum levels of vital factors affecting GABA synthesis using Erlenmeyer flask experiments. The results showed that optimal levels of sugar, yeast extract, Tween-80, manganese ion, and temperature were 5.0 g/L, 35.0 g/L, 1.0 g/L, 16.0 mg/L, and 30.0 °C, respectively. The added L-glutamic acid (650 g per liter of medium) mostly existed in the form of solid powder was slowly released to supply the substrate and acidity essential for GABA production with the progress of fermentation. Based on the optimizations, the PAS-based GABA fermentation was performed using a 10 L fermenter. The PAS-based strategy promoted GABA synthesis by the strain of up to 321.9 ± 6.7 g/L after 48 h, with a productivity of 6.71 g/L/h and a substrate molar conversion rate of 99.6%. The findings suggest that the PAS-based fermentation is a promising method for GABA production by lactic acid bacteria.
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16
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Fahmy AM, William S, Hegab A, Tm D. Schistosomicidal and hepatoprotective activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone or combined with praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni infection in murine model. Exp Parasitol 2022; 238:108260. [PMID: 35447136 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone or combined with praziquantel (PZQ) against Schistosoma (S) mansoni infection in a murine model. METHODS Five groups, 8 mice each, were studied; GI served as normal controls; GII: S. mansoni-infected control group and the other three S. mansoni-infected groups received drug regimens for 5 consecutive days as follows GIII: Infected-PZQ treated group (200 mg/kg/day); GIV: Infected-GABA treated group (300 mg/kg/day) and GV: Infected-PZQ-GABA treated group (100 mg/kg/day for each drug). All animal groups were sacrificed two weeks later and different parasitological, histopathological and biochemical parameters were assessed. RESULTS Combined GABA-PZQ treated group recorded the highest significant reduction in all parasitological, histopathological and biochemical parameters followed by PZQ and finally GABA groups. Combined GABA-PZQ treatment led to the complete disappearance of immature eggs and marked reduction of deposited eggs in liver tissues and improved liver pathology. Significant improvement in hepatic oxidative stress levels, serum albumin and total protein in response to GABA treatment alone or combined with PZQ. CONCLUSION GABA had schistosomicidal, hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against S. mansoni infection, GABA disrupted parasite pairing and activity, reduced the total number of worms recovered and the number of ova in the tissues. GABA may be considered an adjuvant therapy to potentiate PZQ antiparasitic activity and eradicate infection-induced liver damage and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Moustafa Fahmy
- Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Samia William
- Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany Hegab
- Department of Developmental Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Egypt
| | - Diab Tm
- Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Giza, Egypt
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17
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Eeza MNH, Bashirova N, Zuberi Z, Matysik J, Berry JP, Alia A. An integrated systems-level model of ochratoxin A toxicity in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo based on NMR metabolic profiling. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6341. [PMID: 35428752 PMCID: PMC9012740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most widespread mycotoxin contaminants of agricultural crops. Despite being associated with a range of adverse health effects, a comprehensive systems-level mechanistic understanding of the toxicity of OTA remains elusive. In the present study, metabolic profiling by high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR, coupled to intact zebrafish embryos, was employed to identify metabolic pathways in relation to a systems-level model of OTA toxicity. Embryotoxicity was observed at sub-micromolar exposure concentrations of OTA. Localization of OTA, based on intrinsic fluorescence, as well as a co-localization of increased reactive oxygen species production, was observed in the liver kidney, brain and intestine of embryos. Moreover, HRMAS NMR showed significant alteration of metabolites related to targeting of the liver (i.e., hepatotoxicity), and pathways associated with detoxification and oxidative stress, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Based on metabolic profiles, and complementary assays, an integrated model of OTA toxicity is, thus, proposed. Our model suggests that OTA hepatotoxicity compromises detoxification and antioxidant pathways, leading to mitochondrial membrane dysfunction manifested by crosstalk between pathways of energy metabolism. Interestingly, our data additionally aligns with a possible role of mitochondrial fusion as a "passive mechanism" to rescue mitochondrial integrity during OTA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed N H Eeza
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Narmin Bashirova
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zain Zuberi
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John P Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. .,Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - A Alia
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Liang Y, Wu Y, Li J, Peng R, Jiang M, Jiang X, Chen S, Lin J. Effects of ammonia toxicity on the histopathology, detoxification, oxidative stress, and immune response of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis and the mitigation of γ-aminobutyric acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113256. [PMID: 35131585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was examined as an additional supplement to improve the ammonia stress resistance of S. pharaonis. Specifically, we added different doses of GABA (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg) to food, cultivated S. pharaonis in regular seawater for 8 weeks and then in 8.40 mg/L ammonia seawater for 48 h and then investigated the accumulation of ammonia (the hepatic ammonia content), ammonia detoxification process (the urea content), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities), immune response (the serum haemolytic complement (C3) and lysozyme (LYZ) contents), membrane lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and histopathology of the liver. The results showed that ammonia poisoning could induce ammonia and MDA accumulation and subsequently lead to oxidative stress (decreases in SOD and CAT activities), immunosuppression (reductions in the haemolytic C3 and LYZ content), and histopathological injury in the liver. The application of GABA had a significant effect on alleviating the adverse effect of ammonia poisoning, and 80-100 mg/kg treatment exerted the best effect. This treatment significantly reduced the ammonia and MDA contents, significantly increased the urea content, increased the SOD, CAT, C3 and LYZ activities, reduced the MDA content, suppressed membrane lipid peroxidation, and significantly improved the histopathological injury to the liver. In summary, the results could provide a new method for mitigating liver damage, alleviating the physiological and metabolic disorders caused by ammonia stress in cuttlefish, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of GABA in alleviating ammonia poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshi Liang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Jianping Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Ruibing Peng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Maowang Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Siqing Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, PR China
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19
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Jiang X, Xu Q, Zhang A, Liu Y, Li Z, Tang H, Cao D, Zhang D. Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of GABA-Rich Germinated Adzuki Beans on T2DM Mice by Untargeted Serum Metabolomics. Front Nutr 2022; 8:791191. [PMID: 34970582 PMCID: PMC8712313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.791191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases, and exploring strategies to prevent and treat diabetes has become extremely important. In recent decades the search for new therapeutic strategies for T2DM involving dietary interventions has attracted public attention. We established a diabetic mouse model by feeding mice a high-fat diet combined with injection of low-dose streptozotocin, intending to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of different dosages of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-rich germinated adzuki beans on the treatment of diabetes in mice. The mice were treated for 6 weeks either with increasing doses of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans, with non-germinated adzuki beans, with GABA, or with the positive control drug metformin. Then, the blood glucose levels and blood lipid biochemical indicators of all the mice were measured. At the same time, serum differential metabolite interactions were explored by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based serum metabolomic analysis. The results showed that body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). We also report improved levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and serum creatinine. We observed a significant improvement in the homeostasis model assessment of the beta cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA-β and HOMA-IR) scores (P < 0.05) in the group of mice treated with the highest dose of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans. In addition, the metabolic profiles of the serum were analyzed, and 31 differential metabolites including amino acids and lipids were obtained. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, this was found to be correlated with nine significantly enriched metabolic pathways involving the up-regulation of levels of L-serine, SM (d18:1/22:1(13Z)), L-histidine, creatine, and 3-indoleacetic acid. Our data suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans on diabetic mice may be related to improving tryptophan metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, sphingosline metabolism, and the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways. This study provides a reference for the application of GABA-enriched germinated foods in type 2 diabetes and could provide a cue for searching biomarkers to be adopted for T2DM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Jiang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qingpeng Xu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Aiwu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Experimental Equipment Management Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhijiang Li
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Huacheng Tang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongmei Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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20
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Hu M, Yang J, Xu Y. Isoorientin suppresses sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice by activating an EPCR-dependent JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Mol Histol 2021; 53:97-109. [PMID: 34787735 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome, and acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common fatal complications of sepsis. Isoorientin (ISO) exerts a momentous role in the regulation of inflammation. However, whether ISO has a protective effect on sepsis-induced ALI remains unknown. This research aimed to elucidate the function of ISO on sepsis-induced ALI and its mechanism. In this study, the sepsis-induced ALI was established in the male C57BL/6 J mice. Functionally, ISO reduced the total protein concentration in BALF, lung wet/dry ratio and the numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in BALF as well as ameliorated lung injury. Besides, ISO treatment decreased the cytokine expressions and oxidative stress, and repressed the adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells induced by CLP. Mechanistically, ISO reduced the shedding of EPCR in the endothelial cell membrane; ISO treatment activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway through EPCR and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitors repressed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ISO. In general, ISO suppressed sepsis-induced ALI in mice by activating an EPCR-dependent JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, No. 999 Xiwang Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201801, China.
| | - Jielai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, No. 999 Xiwang Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201801, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, No. 999 Xiwang Road, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201801, China
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21
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Haonon O, Liu Z, Dangtakot R, Intuyod K, Pinlaor P, Puapairoj A, Cha'on U, Sengthong C, Pongking T, Onsurathum S, Yingklang M, Phetcharaburanin J, Li JV, Pinlaor S. Opisthorchis viverrini Infection Induces Metabolic and Fecal Microbial Disturbances in Association with Liver and Kidney Pathologies in Hamsters. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3940-3951. [PMID: 34270897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini (Ov) infection causes hepatobiliary diseases and is a major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. While several omics approaches have been employed to understand the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis, effects of Ov infection on the host systemic metabolism and fecal microbiota have not been fully explored. Here, we used a 1H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolic phenotyping approach to investigate Ov infection-induced metabolic disturbances at both the acute (1 month postinfection, 1 mpi) and chronic (4 mpi) stages in hamsters. A total of 22, 3, and 4 metabolites were found to be significantly different in the liver, serum, and urine, respectively, between Ov+ and Ov- groups. Elevated levels of hepatic amino acids and tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle intermediates (fumarate and malate) were co-observed with liver injury in acute infection, whereas fibrosis-associated metabolites (e.g., glycine and glutamate) increased at the chronic infection stage. Lower levels of lipid signals ((CH2)n and CH2CH2CO) and higher levels of lysine and scyllo-inositol were observed in serum from Ov+ hamsters at 1 mpi compared to Ov- controls. Urinary levels of phenylacetylglycine (a host-bacterial cometabolite) and tauro-β-muricholic acid were higher in the Ov+ group, which coexisted with hepatic and mild kidney fibrosis. Furthermore, Ov+ animals showed higher relative abundances of fecal Methanobrevibacter (Archaea), Akkermansia, and Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia compared to the noninfected controls. In conclusion, along with liver and kidney pathologies, O. viverrini infection resulted in hepatic and mild renal pathologies, disturbed hepatic amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle, and induced changes in the fecal microbial composition and urinary host-microbial cometabolism. This study provides the initial step toward an understanding of local and systemic metabolic responses of the host to O. viverrini infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornuma Haonon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Rungtiwa Dangtakot
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anucha Puapairoj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha'on
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chatchawan Sengthong
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thatsanapong Pongking
- Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Centre for Research and Development in Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sudarat Onsurathum
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Manachai Yingklang
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutarop Phetcharaburanin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jia V Li
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast of Thailand (CKDNET), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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22
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Demiroz D, Platanitis E, Bryant M, Fischer P, Prchal-Murphy M, Lercher A, Lassnig C, Baccarini M, Müller M, Bergthaler A, Sexl V, Dolezal M, Decker T. Listeria monocytogenes infection rewires host metabolism with regulatory input from type I interferons. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009697. [PMID: 34237114 PMCID: PMC8266069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a food-borne bacterial pathogen. Innate immunity to L. monocytogenes is profoundly affected by type I interferons (IFN-I). Here we investigated host metabolism in L. monocytogenes-infected mice and its potential control by IFN-I. Accordingly, we used animals lacking either the IFN-I receptor (IFNAR) or IRF9, a subunit of ISGF3, the master regulator of IFN-I-induced genes. Transcriptomes and metabolite profiles showed that L. monocytogenes infection induces metabolic rewiring of the liver. This affects various metabolic pathways including fatty acid (FA) metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation and is partially dependent on IFN-I signaling. Livers and macrophages from Ifnar1-/- mice employ increased glutaminolysis in an IRF9-independent manner, possibly to readjust TCA metabolite levels due to reduced FA oxidation. Moreover, FA oxidation inhibition provides protection from L. monocytogenes infection, explaining part of the protection of Irf9-/- and Ifnar1-/- mice. Our findings define a role of IFN-I in metabolic regulation during L. monocytogenes infection. Metabolic differences between Irf9-/- and Ifnar1-/- mice may underlie the different susceptibility of these mice against lethal infection with L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Demiroz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ekaterini Platanitis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bryant
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Lercher
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Dolezal
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Evaluation of Analytes Characterized with Potential Protective Action after Rat Exposure to Lead. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082163. [PMID: 33918725 PMCID: PMC8069014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) was revealed for its role as a neurodevelopmental toxin. The determination of neurotransmitters (NTs) in particular brain regions could ameliorate the precise description and optimization of therapeutic protocols able to restore the harmony of signaling pathways in nervous and immune systems. The determination of selected analytes from the group of NTs based on the liquid chromatography (LC)-based method was carried out to illustrate the changes of amino acid (AA) and biogenic amine (BA) profiles observed in chosen immune and nervous systems rat tissues after Pb intoxication. Also, a protective combination of AA was proposed to correct the changes caused by Pb intoxication. After the administration of Pb, changes were observed in all organs studied and were characterized by a fluctuation of NT concentrations in immune and nervous systems (hypothalamus samples). Using a protective mixture of bioactive compounds prevented numerous changes in the balance of NT. The combined analysis of the immune and nervous system while the normalizing effect of curative agents on the level of differentially secreted NTs and AA is studied could present a new approach to the harmonization of those two essential systems after Pb intoxication.
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24
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Matuszewska A, Nowak B, Szeląg A, Merwid-Ląd A, Partyka A, Tomkalski T, Podhorska-Okołów M, Piotrowska A, Kwiatkowska J, Niżański W. Long-term stiripentol administration, an anticonvulsant drug, does not impair sperm parameters in rats. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14058. [PMID: 33792946 DOI: 10.1111/and.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of long-term administration of stiripentol on sex hormones and semen quality in young Wistar rats. Investigated animals received for 6 months either stiripentol or saline solution. After one month, stiripentol increased temporarily serum level of testosterone (p < 0.05) and FSH (p < 0.01). However, after 6 months levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, prolactin and SHBG were comparable in both groups. After 6 months, semen analysis did not reveal differences in sperm concentration, total sperm count and sperm motility between groups. However, stiripentol increased the rate of head defect (p < 0.001) and midpiece abnormalities (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed higher percentage of live cells without lipid peroxidation (p < 0.00001) and higher percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes (p < 0.000001) in rats receiving stiripentol. There was no significant difference between groups in sperm mitochondrial activity and DNA fragmentation index. However, percentage of high DNA stainability cells was increased in stiripentol group (p < 0.001). The data showed that stiripentol does not cause obvious disturbances in young rat's semen. Detected changes in semen morphology and chromatin structure need further explanation, and their influence on rat's fertility should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Nowak
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Merwid-Ląd
- Department of Pharmacology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Partyka
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomkalski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Hospital in Lower Silesia Tadeusz Marciniak Center for Emergency Medicine, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Niżański
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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25
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El-Ansary A, Zayed N, Al-Ayadhi L, Qasem H, Anwar M, Meguid NA, Bhat RS, Doşa MD, Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. GABA synaptopathy promotes the elevation of caspases 3 and 9 as pro-apoptotic markers in Egyptian patients with autism spectrum disorder. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:489-501. [PMID: 31673995 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-019-01226-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced social communication as well as repetitive behaviors. Many studies have proved that defective synapses in ASD influence how neurons in the brain connect and communicate with each other. Synaptopathies arise from alterations that affecting the integrity and/or functionality of synapses and can contribute to synaptic pathologies. This study investigated the GABA levels in plasma being an inhibitory neurotransmitter, caspase 3 and 9 as pro-apoptotic proteins in 20 ASD children and 20 neurotypical controls using the ELISA technique. Analysis of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) of the data that was obtained to evaluate the diagnostic value of the aforementioned evaluated biomarkers. Pearson's correlations and multiple regressions between the measured variables were also done. While GABA level was reduced in ASD patients, levels of caspases 3 and 9 were significantly higher when compared to neurotypical control participants. ROC and predictiveness curves showed that caspases 3, caspases 9, and GABA might be utilized as predictive markers in autism diagnosis. The present study indicates that the presence of GABAergic dysfunction promotes apoptosis in Egyptian ASD children. The obtained GABA synaptopathies and their connection with apoptosis can both relate to neuronal excitation, and imbalance of the inhibition system, which can be used as reliable predictive biomarkers for ASD.
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