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Alejandro-Vega S, Hardisson A, Rubio C, Gutiérrez ÁJ, Jaudenes-Marrero JR, Paz-Montelongo S. Soft Drinks as a Dietary Source of Fluoride Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3816-3828. [PMID: 37922070 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
High fluoride exposures can lead to adverse effects such as dental and bone fluorosis, as well as endocrine and cognitive developmental problems. Water is the main dietary source of this ion, although significant concentrations have also been detected in other beverages widely consumed by the population such as soft drinks. A total of 200 soft drink samples (60 flavoured, 70 extracts, 60 fruit juice and 10 soft drinks) were analysed by fluoride ion selective potentiometry. A consumption of 330 mL was estimated for exposure assessment and subsequent F-risk assessment by soft drink consumption. The highest average concentration was found in extract soft drinks (2.45 ± 1.15 mg/L), followed by flavoured (1.71 ± 2.29 mg/L) and carbonated soft drinks (1.38 ± 0.40 mg/L), while the lowest was found in fruit juice soft drinks (1.09 ± 0.62 mg/L). The flavours with the highest concentration were tea-melon and tea-passion fruit with 3.66 ± 0.40 and 3.17 ± 0.56 mg/L respectively and the lowest was lemon flavour with 0.69 mg/L. The contribution of these beverages, considering the UL (Upper level) reference values set by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) are between 3.28-41.78%, depending on age group and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Alejandro-Vega
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan R Jaudenes-Marrero
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz-Montelongo
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, 38071, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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You ZX, Xiao Y, Zhang T, Guan QL, Xing YH, Bai FY. Design and Construction of the Uranyl Coordination Polymer with Multifunction Stimulus Response: Fluorescent Sensors for Halide Ions and Photochromism. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9823-9830. [PMID: 38757599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
It can provide ideas for the use of uranium elements in the treatment of spent fuel from nuclear wastewater to explore the application potential of uranium element. Thus, it is necessary to research the structure and properties of a novel uranyl coordination polymer (CP) for uranium recovery and reuse. Herein, we designed and prepared a new uranyl CP U-CMNDI based on UO22+ and H2CMNDI (H2CMNDI = N, N'-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide). Structural analysis shows that two uranyl ions are connected by two parallel deprotonated CMNDI ligands to form a discrete uranyl dimer structure. U-CMNDI can act as a potential stimulus-responsive halide ion sensor by a fluorescence "turn on" response in water. The limit of detection for fluoride (F-), bromide (Br-), iodide (I-), and chloride (Cl-) is 5.00, 5.32, 5.49, and 5.73 μM, respectively. The fluorescence "turn on" behavior is based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism between halide ions and electron-deficient NDI cores. In addition, U-CMNDI demonstrates a color response to ultraviolet light, exhibiting reversible photochromic behavior with a notable color change. The color change mechanism can contribute to the PET process and the radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xin You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Lin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Heng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Ying Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian City 116029, P. R. China
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Revelo-Mejía IA, Alejandro-Vega S, Paz-Montelongo S, Niebla-Canelo D, Cerdán-Pérez S, Rubio-Armendáriz C, Gutiérrez-Fernández ÁJ, Hardisson A, Rodríguez-Díaz R, Hernández-Sánchez C. Fluoride Levels in Supply Water from the Canary Islands Region. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040745. [PMID: 36832820 PMCID: PMC9956124 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Canary Islands, located in the Atlantic Ocean, are an archipelago of volcanic origin which, for decades, has been affected by natural fluoride contamination in the water supply of some of its islands, mainly the island of Tenerife. In addition, recent volcanic eruptions in the archipelago and the increased demand for water supply have led to an increase in the fluoride content in other areas which, historically, were not affected. Fluoride content was determined in 274 water supply samples from the most populated islands of the Canary Islands (Tenerife and Gran Canaria) collected during the months of June 2021 to May 2022. The samples were analysed by fluoride ion selective potentiometry. The highest concentrations in Tenerife were found in the municipalities of Sauzal (7.00 mg/L) and Tegueste (5.39 mg/L), both water samples are over the parametric value of 1.5 mg/L set in the supply water legislation. In the Gran Canaria Island, the highest fluoride levels were found in Valsequillo and Mogán with 1.44 mg/L in both locations, but under the parametric fluoride value abovementioned. Consumption of just 1 L of water per day in the El Sauzal area would result in a contribution rate of 77% for adults and children over 15 years of age (Upper Level value of 7 mg/day) and 108% for children 9-14 years of age (UL value of 5 mg/day). The contribution rates increase considerably, reaching or exceeding 100% of the reference value (UL) with increasing consumption of 1 to 2 L of water per day. Therefore, it is considered that there is a health risk of overexposure to fluoride on the island of Tenerife. In the case of the island of Gran Canaria, it has been shown that even the consumption of 2 litres of water per day does not confer contribution rates that pose a health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés A. Revelo-Mejía
- Faculty of Odontology, Universidad Antonio Nariño, 37-94 Calle 58 A Bis, Bogota 111321, Cauca, Colombia
| | - Samuel Alejandro-Vega
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz-Montelongo
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-634541612
| | - Daniel Niebla-Canelo
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Santiago Cerdán-Pérez
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio-Armendáriz
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ángel J. Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Area of Toxicology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rubí Rodríguez-Díaz
- Human Reproduction Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Carretera Ofra S/N, 38320 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Area of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Cintia Hernández-Sánchez
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de La Laguna, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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Opydo-Szymaczek J, Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M. Fluoride Intake and Salivary Fluoride Retention after Using High-Fluoride Toothpaste Followed by Post-Brushing Water Rinsing and Conventional (1400-1450 ppm) Fluoride Toothpastes Used without Rinsing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13235. [PMID: 36293818 PMCID: PMC9603037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the fluoride intake and salivary fluoride levels after brushing with conventional (1400-1450 ppm) fluoride toothpaste containing different fluoride agents: amine fluoride (AmF), sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP), potassium fluoride (KF), and a high-fluoride (5000 ppm) toothpaste containing NaF. Fourteen volunteers took part in the study. They were instructed to brush and spit without rinsing after using conventional toothpaste or brush and rinse with water after using a high-fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride concentrations were determined using ion-selective fluoride (09-37 type) in the saliva samples before and after procedures. Fluoride intake was estimated based on fluoride recovered after brushing. Additionally, the amount of fluoride present in the oral fluids and lost during the rapid clearance phase after toothbrushing was calculated based on salivary fluoride levels and saliva flow immediately after brushing. Salivary fluoride after using high-fluoride toothpaste was significantly higher than those observed after conventional products. Two hours after brushing, salivary fluoride concentrations did not differ significantly from baseline values (p > 0.05) unless a high-fluoride product was used. Results indicate that by refraining from rinsing after brushing with conventional toothpaste, we cannot obtain fluoride retention in saliva as with high-fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride ingestion was higher after using a high-fluoride product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Opydo-Szymaczek
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tamara Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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Saad H, Escoube R, Babajko S, Houari S. Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:916372. [PMID: 35757442 PMCID: PMC9231728 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.916372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is added to many dental care products as well as in drinking water to prevent dental decay. However, recent data associating exposure to F with some developmental defects with consequences in many organs raise concerns about its daily use for dental care. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the contribution of dental care products with regard to overall F intake through drinking water and diet with measurements of F excretion in urine used as a suitable biomarker. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using keywords related to chronic exposure to F in the human population with measurements of F levels in body fluids, 1,273 papers published between 1995 and 2021 were screened, and 28 papers were finally included for data extraction concerning daily F intake. The contribution of dental care products, essentially by toothbrushing with kinds of toothpaste containing F, was 38% in the mean regardless of the F concentrations in drinking water. There was no correlation between F intake through toothpaste and age, nor with F levels in water ranging from 0.3 to 1.5 mg/L. There was no correlation between F intake and urinary F excretion levels despite an increase in its content in urine within hours following exposure to dental care products (toothpastes, varnishes, or other dental care products). The consequences of exposure to F on health are discussed in the recent context of its suspected toxicity reported in the literature. The conclusions of the review aim to provide objective messages to patients and dental professionals worried about the use of F-containing materials or products to prevent initial caries or hypomineralized enamel lesions, especially for young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Saad
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Dental Medicine Department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, GHN-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Raphaëlle Escoube
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, UM R5276, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon 46, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Sylvie Babajko
| | - Sophia Houari
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Dental Medicine Department, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, GHN-Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Ma X, Liu L, Wang J, Hao Y, Xu X, Shang X. The role of hydrazine in colorimetric probes based on ferrocene derivative. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Ma
- Xinxiang Medical University Department of Medical Chemistry CHINA
| | - Lixia Liu
- Xinxiang Medical University Department of Medical Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jia Wang
- Xinxiang Medical University Department of Medical Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yongbing Hao
- Xinxiang Medical University Department of Medical Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Nankai University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Xuefang Shang
- Xinxiang Medical University Department of chemistry Jinsui road 601Not Available 453003 Xinxiang CHINA
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Sierra-Sánchez AG, Castillo-Suárez LA, Martínez-Miranda V, Linares-Hernández I, Teutli-Sequeira EA. As and [Formula: see text] cooccurrence in drinking water: critical review of the international scenario, physicochemical behavior, removal technologies, health effects, and future trends. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38768-38796. [PMID: 35277825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water contaminated with As and [Formula: see text] is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Their coexistence can have negative effects due to antagonistic or synergistic mechanisms, ranging from cosmetic problems, such as skin lesions and teeth staining, to more severe abnormalities, such as cancer and neurotoxicity. Available technologies for concurrent removal include electrocoagulation ~ adsorption > membranes > chemical coagulation > , and among others, all of which have limitations despite their advantages. Nevertheless, the existence of competing ions such as silicon > phosphate > calcium ~ magnesium > sulfate > and nitrate affects the elimination efficiency. Mexico is one of the countries that is affected by As and [Formula: see text] contamination. Because only 10 of the 32 states have adequate removal technologies, more than 65% of the country is impacted by co-presence problems. Numerous reviews have been published concerning the elimination of As or [Formula: see text]. However, only a few studies have focused on the simultaneous removal. This critical review analyzes the new sources of contamination, simultaneous physicochemical behaviors, available technologies for the elimination of both species, and future trends. This highlights the need to implement technologies that work with actual contaminated water instead of aqueous solutions (55% of the works reviewed correspond to aqueous solutions). Similarly, it is necessary to migrate to the creation of pilot, pre-pilot, or prototype scale projects, because 77% of the existing studies correspond to lab-scale research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Sierra-Sánchez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Luis Antonio Castillo-Suárez
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Verónica Martínez-Miranda
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Ivonne Linares-Hernández
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México.
| | - Elia Alejandra Teutli-Sequeira
- Instituto Interamericano de Tecnología Y Ciencias de Agua (IITCA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Unidad San Cayetano, Km.14.5, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, C.P 50200, Toluca, Estado de México, México
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Factors Affecting Dental Caries Experience in 12-Year-Olds, Based on Data from Two Polish Provinces. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091948. [PMID: 35565915 PMCID: PMC9104912 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dental caries is a chronic disease that affects a child’s dentition from the first stages of life. Several factors contribute to the development of the disease, including an improper diet. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify risk factors of dental caries in 12-year-old adolescents from Greater Poland and Lubusz Provinces (Poland). (2) Material and methods: The research was conducted in adolescents from five primary schools. A questionnaire consisted of close-ended questions on socioeconomic characteristics on family, diet, and oral hygiene habits. An assessment of the dentition was carried out in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. In addition to cavitated carious lesions, incipient caries lesions were noted according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System, adapted for epidemiological studies (ICDASepiDMFt). (3) Results: The mean number of teeth with untreated caries; removed due to caries; and restored because of caries (DMFt) was 1.52 ± 1.90, while the ICDASepiDMFt index amounted to 2.64 ± 2.55, respectively. Children who did not brush every day had significantly higher odds of having ICDASepiDMFt > 0 than children brushing at least once daily (OR = 10.32, 95% CI = 1.36−78.32, p = 0.0240). Adolescents who drank sweet carbonated drinks every day had significantly higher ICDASepiDMTt than children who drank sweet carbonated drinks less frequently (p = 0.0477). (4) Conclusions: The research revealed that dental caries indices of 12-year-old adolescents from Greater Poland and Lubusz Provinces depend mainly on oral hygiene behaviors. The only significant nutritional factor that differentiated the caries intensity was the daily consumption of sweet carbonated drinks.
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Rosário BSM, Rosário HD, de Andrade Vieira W, Cericato GO, Nóbrega DF, Blumenberg C, Hugo FN, Costa MM, Paranhos LR. External control of fluoridation in the public water supplies of Brazilian cities as a strategy against caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:410. [PMID: 34412623 PMCID: PMC8377988 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among the methods currently available to provide fluoride in population levels, fluoridated water is the most successful for presenting high efficacy, safety and good cost–benefit. However, recent studies on external control have shown great variability of fluoride concentrations in the water from treatment stations in Brazilian cities, which must present concentration between 0.6 and 0.8 mg/L to be considered acceptable in most cities. Thus, this study aimed to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess the adequacy of fluoride concentration in the water in Brazilian cities using external control. Methods The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Six databases were used as primary search sources and three databases were used to partially capture the "gray literature". Only observational studies that assessed the fluoride concentration of artificially fluoridated water from the public supply network were included. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tools for Systematic Reviews was used to assess the risk of bias of the studies. A proportion meta-analyses using random-effect models were performed. The heterogeneity between studies was determined by I2 statistic. Meta-regressions were conducted to identify relevant moderators to be used in stratified meta-analyses. Publication bias was investigated by Egger’s tests. Results The search provided 2038 results, from which 14 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the data extraction of the review. Overall, the water samples were collected from 449 different sources in three Brazilian regions. Thirteen studies presented a low risk of bias. The mean concentration of fluoride ranged from 0.17 to 0.89 ppmF. The meta-analyis demonstrated that more than half of the water samples analyzed had fluoride concentration levels outside the acceptable range (56.6%; 95% CI 45.5; 67.3), with high heterogeneity. Conclusion More than half of the public water supply analyzed in the studies selected had fluoride concentration levels outside the acceptable range, which may affect the risk of developing oral diseases in the Brazilian population, having an important impact on public health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-021-01754-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrique Damian Rosário
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, Universidade do Sul de Santa Cantarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Endodontics Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cauane Blumenberg
- Department of Social Medicine, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Magno Costa
- Division of Department of Removable Prosthesis and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Renato Paranhos
- Division of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Campus Umuarama, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2G, sala 1, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Clinical Consequences of Dental Caries, Parents' Perception of Child's Oral Health and Attitudes towards Dental Visits in a Population of 7-Year-Old Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115844. [PMID: 34072416 PMCID: PMC8198085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the occurrence of the consequences of dental caries and factors affecting dental service utilization in a population of 7-year-old children. The research included oral examination of 7-year-old schoolchildren and socio-medical study of their parents/legal caregivers. It was carried out in five primary schools of two provinces, i.e., Greater Poland and Lubusz. Dental examination was performed in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The socio-medical study consisted of questionnaires with close-ended questions concerning socioeconomic characteristics of the family, reasons and time of the last visit at the dental office, consequences of child’s oral health problems, parents’ attitude towards dental visits, and parental opinion about their child’s teeth. Factors affecting utilization of dental services were statistically analyzed using univariate logistic regression assuming p < 0.05. The pufa index of examined children ranged from 0 to 7 (mean 0.80 ± 1.49), while the dmf index ranged from 0 to 14 (3.86 ± 3.32). Low financial burden of oral health expenditures and university education of at least one of the parents significantly increased the chance of visiting a dentist despite lack of pain (OR = 3.0 and 2.5, respectively). In spite of the availability of free dental care for children, socioeconomic factors still determine the utilization of dental services in Poland. Poor oral health status of examined population and negligence of regular dental check-ups emphasize a need to strengthen oral health literacy of parents and children, promoting proper attitudes towards dental care.
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