1
|
Zhang L, Zhu Y, Gu H, Lam SS, Chen X, Sonne C, Peng W. A review of phytoremediation of environmental lead (pb) contamination. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142691. [PMID: 38914287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An estimated one billion people globally are exposed to hazardous levels of lead (Pb), resulting in intellectual disabilities for over 600,000 children each year. This critical issue aligns with the expanding worldwide population and the demand for food security, emphasizing the urgency of effectively addressing heavy metal pollution especially from Pb for sustainable development. Phytoremediation, a highly favoured approach in conjunction with conventional physical, chemical, and microbial methods, is a promising approach to mitigating soil and environmental contamination. In this review, we delve into a range of soil pollution mitigation strategies, with focus on the mechanisms that underpin the phytoremediation of environmental Pb. This detailed exploration sheds light on the efficacy and complexities of utilizing plants for the detoxification and removal of lead from contaminated environments. It also examines strategies to enhance phytoremediation by incorporating microbiology, composting, nanotechnology, and foliar spraying. The potential remediation strategies largely depend on the investigation and incorporation of environmentally friendly catalysts, as well as the utilization of innovative methods such as genetic engineering to improve phytoremediation processes. Studies have also shown that biochar has the capability to lower heavy metal concentrations in plant branches by over 50%, without affecting the pH of the soil. Specifically, magnetic biochar (MBC) has been shown to decrease lead levels in plants by up to 42%. Employing these methods showcases an effective strategy to enhance the efficacy of remediation techniques and fosters sustainable solutions to the pervasive issue of Pb pollution, thereby contributing to sustainable development efforts globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yachen Zhu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Xiangmeng Chen
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, POBox 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mlinarič M, Jekovec Vrhovšek M, Neubauer D, France Štiglic A, Osredkar J. Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder, Trace Elements, and Intracranial Fluid Spaces. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8050. [PMID: 39125639 PMCID: PMC11311321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) belongs to the group of complex developmental disorders. Novel studies have suggested that genetic and environmental factors equally affect the risk of ASD. Identification of environmental factors involved in the development of ASD is therefore crucial for a better understanding of its etiology. Whether there is a causal link between trace elements, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ASD remains a matter of debate and requires further studies. (2) In the prospective part of the study, we included 194 children, including an age-matched control group; in the retrospective study, 28 children with available MRI imaging were included. All children had urine analysis of trace elements performed. In those with available brain MRI, linear indexes for the ventricular volumes were measured and calculated. (3) We found the highest vanadium, rubidium, thallium, and silver levels in children with ASD. These elements also correlated with the estimated ventricular volume based on MRI indexes in children with ASD in the subanalysis. However, the severity of the deficits did not correlate with brain MRI indexes of our elements, except negatively with magnesium. (4) Trace elements have an impact on children with ASD, but further multi-centric studies are needed to explain the pathophysiological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Mlinarič
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Paediatrics University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška c. 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Jekovec Vrhovšek
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, Division of Paediatrics University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška c. 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Neubauer
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Bohoričeva 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka France Štiglic
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joško Osredkar
- Clinical Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamoud AF, Al-Saadi NH. The Assessment of Selenium, Aluminum, and Zinc in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04283-5. [PMID: 39008215 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
ASD is a complex condition defined by many causes, one of them being excessive concentrations of necessary and harmful chemicals in children. The serum, hair, and nails of children with ASD have lower levels of critical trace elements, according to studies. It is quite obvious that bio elements are involved in physiology and pathophysiology. Thus, this study examined trace element contents in serum samples from children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), specifically zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and selenium (Se). The study also looked for links between trace element levels and autistic severity. The study included 47 children with autism spectrum disorder, and the Gilliam's Scale was used for severity. The study also included 53 healthy kids with age and gender-matched with those of ASD. For serum trace element analysis, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used. The study found significant decreases in selenium and zinc concentration (OR, 5.25; CI, 1.96 ~ 14.08; p < 0.001) and increases in aluminum level (OR, 39.34; CI, 8.20 ~ 89.45; p < 0.001) in children with ASD compared to the control group. The area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.85 for Se, 0.98 for Al, and 0.7 for Zn showed high sensitivity and specificity for all parameters. Results indicate a strong positive connection between ASD and their levels of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) (β, 0.48; CI, 0.280 ~ 0.679; p < 0.001 and β, 0.31; CI, 0.10 ~ 0.52; p = 0.005). There is a negative correlation between ASD and aluminum (Al) (β 0.83; CI, 0.71 ~ 0.95; p < 0.001). This element may be a biomarker for autism in youngsters. High odds ratio (OR) values indicate trace element risk in autistic children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fadheel Hamoud
- Ministry of Education, Karbala Education Directorate, Karbala, Iraq.
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Kerbala University, Karbala, Iraq.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dou JF, Schmidt RJ, Volk HE, Nitta MM, Feinberg JI, Newschaffer CJ, Croen LA, Hertz-Picciotto I, Fallin MD, Bakulski KM. Exposure to heavy metals in utero and autism spectrum disorder at age 3: a meta-analysis of two longitudinal cohorts of siblings of children with autism. Environ Health 2024; 23:62. [PMID: 38970053 PMCID: PMC11225197 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Risk is attributed to genetic and prenatal environmental factors, though the environmental agents are incompletely characterized. METHODS In Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) and Markers of Autism Risk in Babies Learning Early Signs (MARBLES), two pregnancy cohorts of siblings of children with ASD, urinary metals concentrations during two pregnancy time periods (< 28 weeks and ≥ 28 weeks of gestation) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. At age three, clinicians assessed ASD with DSM-5 criteria. In an exposure-wide association framework, using multivariable log binomial regression, we examined each metal for association with ASD status, adjusting for gestational age at urine sampling, child sex, age at pregnancy, race/ethnicity and education. We meta-analyzed across the two cohorts. RESULTS In EARLI (n = 170) 17% of children were diagnosed with ASD, and 44% were classified as having non-neurotypical development (Non-TD). In MARBLES (n = 231), 21% were diagnosed with ASD, and 14% classified as Non-TD. During the first and second trimester period (< 28 weeks), having cadmium concentration over the level of detection was associated with 1.69 (1.08, 2.64) times higher risk of ASD, and 1.29 (0.95, 1.75)times higher risk of Non-TD. A doubling of first and second trimester cesium concentration was marginally associated with 1.89 (0.94, 3.80) times higher risk of ASD, and a doubling of third trimester cesium with 1.69 (0.97, 2.95) times higher risk of ASD. CONCLUSION Exposure in utero to elevated levels of cadmium and cesium, as measured in urine collected during pregnancy, was associated with increased risk of developing ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Dou
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa A Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - M Daniele Fallin
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vural S, Türksoy VA, Uzun Akgeyik A, Kuşdoğan M. Heavy metal and trace element alterations in patients during a migraine attack. Headache 2024; 64:764-771. [PMID: 38932625 DOI: 10.1111/head.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the heavy metal and trace element (HMTE) profile in patients with migraine (PwM) and to compare it to that of healthy individuals without migraine. BACKGROUND Migraine is a universal disease that affects more than 10% of the world's population; however, its pathophysiology is still obscure. METHODS A total of 100 participants were included in this prospective matched case-control study (50 PwM during acute attack and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy controls). The study was conducted in the university hospital in Yozgat, Turkey, where the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry system was used to measure the HMTE profile. The calibration curve was created with 11 points for heavy metals (arsenic [As], cadmium [Cd], cobalt [Co], lead [Pb], mercury [Hg], nickel [Ni], and tin [Sn]) and trace elements (antimony [Sb], chromium [Cr], copper [Cu], iron [Fe], magnesium [Mg], manganese [Mn], molybdenum [Mo], and zinc [Zn]). RESULTS The median age was 27 (23-37) years, and the female/male ratio was 37/13 for both groups. The PwM group had significantly higher As, Co, Pb, and Ni levels among the heavy metals (p = 0.033, 0.017, 0.022, and 0.021, respectively). Also, PwM had significantly lower Cr, Mg, and Zn levels among the trace elements (p = 0.007, 0.024, and < 0.001, respectively). The only trace element that was elevated in the PwM group was Mn (p = 0.001). The PwM and control groups did not differ in terms of Cd, Sn, Sb, Cu, Fe, and Mo (p = 0.165, 0.997, 0.195, 0.408, 0.440, and 0.252, respectively). CONCLUSION Some HMTE parameters are altered in PwM, which may provide additional insight into understanding migraine etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevilay Vural
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Vugar Ali Türksoy
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Aytül Uzun Akgeyik
- Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mikail Kuşdoğan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Indika NLR, Senarathne UD, Malvaso A, Darshana D, Owens SC, Mansouri B, Semenova Y, Bjørklund G. Abnormal Porphyrin Metabolism in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Therapeutic Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3851-3866. [PMID: 38032468 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a mosaic of neurodevelopmental conditions composed of early-onset social interaction and communication deficits, along with repetitive and/or restricted patterns of activities, behavior, and interests. ASD affects around 1% of children worldwide, with a male predominance. Energy, porphyrin, and neurotransmitter homeostasis are the key metabolic pathways affected by heavy metal exposure, potentially implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. Exposure to heavy metals can lead to an altered porphyrin metabolism due to enzyme inhibition by heavy metals. Heavy metal exposure, inborn genetic susceptibility, and abnormal thiol and selenol metabolism may play a significant role in the urinary porphyrin profile anomalies observed in ASD. Altered porphyrin metabolism in ASD may also be associated with, vitamin B6 deficiency, hyperoxalemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypomagnesemia. The present review considers the abnormal porphyrin metabolism in ASD in relation to the potential pathogenic mechanism and discusses the possible metabolic therapies such as vitamins, minerals, cofactors, and antioxidants that need to be explored in future research. Such targeted therapeutic therapies would bring about favorable outcomes such as improvements in core and co-occurring symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neluwa-Liyanage R Indika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - Udara D Senarathne
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Monash Health Pathology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Malvaso
- IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, National Neurological Institute, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dhanushka Darshana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Susan C Owens
- Autism Oxalate Project, Autism Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Bai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang S, Han F. Neuroplasticity of children in autism spectrum disorder. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1362288. [PMID: 38726381 PMCID: PMC11079289 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1362288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that encompasses a range of symptoms including difficulties in verbal communication, social interaction, limited interests, and repetitive behaviors. Neuroplasticity refers to the structural and functional changes that occur in the nervous system to adapt and respond to changes in the external environment. In simpler terms, it is the brain's ability to learn and adapt to new environments. However, individuals with ASD exhibit abnormal neuroplasticity, which impacts information processing, sensory processing, and social cognition, leading to the manifestation of corresponding symptoms. This paper aims to review the current research progress on ASD neuroplasticity, focusing on genetics, environment, neural pathways, neuroinflammation, and immunity. The findings will provide a theoretical foundation and insights for intervention and treatment in pediatric fields related to ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Experiment Center of Medical Innovation, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang Y, Li Y, Chen X, Zhai R, Peng Y, Tai R, Zhou C, Wang J. Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1262057. [PMID: 38385037 PMCID: PMC10879287 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1262057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aims to investigate whether peripheral biomarkers might differentiate individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) from those without the condition. Methods A broad range of databases was searched through November 2022. This study employed a systematic literature review and subsequent meta-analysis of case-control studies that assessed the aberration of biomarkers of patients with TS and controls. Results A total of 81 studies were identified, out of which 60 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Following a meticulous screening procedure to determine the feasibility of incorporating case-control studies into the meta-analysis, 13 comparisons were statistically significant [CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD4+ T cell to CD8+ T cell ratio, NK-cell, anti-streptolysin O antibodies, anti-DNase antibodies, glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), ferritin (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), vitamin D, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)]. Publication bias was found for anti-streptolysin O antibodies. Suggestive associations were evidenced for norsalsolinol (NSAL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B. Conclusion In this study, we present empirical evidence substantiating the link between several peripheral biomarkers and the early diagnosis of TS. Larger and more standardized studies are necessary to replicate the observed results, elucidate the specificity of the biomarkers for TS, and evaluate their precision for use in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin P, Zhang Q, Sun J, Li Q, Li D, Zhu M, Fu X, Zhao L, Wang M, Lou X, Chen Q, Liang K, Zhu Y, Qu C, Li Z, Ma P, Wang R, Liu H, Dong K, Guo X, Cheng X, Sun Y, Sun J. A comparison between children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and healthy controls in biomedical factors, trace elements, and microbiota biomarkers: a meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1318637. [PMID: 38283894 PMCID: PMC10813399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1318637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted developmental condition that commonly appears during early childhood. The etiology of ASD remains multifactorial and not yet fully understood. The identification of biomarkers may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of the disorder. The present study aimed to explore the causes of ASD by investigating the key biomedical markers, trace elements, and microbiota factors between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and control subjects. Methods Medline, PubMed, ProQuest, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBSCO databases have been searched for publications from 2012 to 2023 with no language restrictions using the population, intervention, control, and outcome (PICO) approach. Keywords including "autism spectrum disorder," "oxytocin," "GABA," "Serotonin," "CRP," "IL-6," "Fe," "Zn," "Cu," and "gut microbiota" were used for the search. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the article quality, and a random model was used to assess the mean difference and standardized difference between ASD and the control group in all biomedical markers, trace elements, and microbiota factors. Results From 76,217 records, 43 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analyses showed that children with ASD had significantly lower levels of oxytocin (mean differences, MD = -45.691, 95% confidence interval, CI: -61.667, -29.717), iron (MD = -3.203, 95% CI: -4.891, -1.514), and zinc (MD = -6.707, 95% CI: -12.691, -0.722), lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (MD = -1.321, 95% CI: -2.403, -0.238) and Parabacteroides (MD = -0.081, 95% CI: -0.148, -0.013), higher levels of c-reactive protein, CRP (MD = 0.401, 95% CI: 0.036, 0.772), and GABA (MD = 0.115, 95% CI: 0.045, 0.186), and higher relative abundance of Bacteroides (MD = 1.386, 95% CI: 0.717, 2.055) and Clostridium (MD = 0.281, 95% CI: 0.035, 0.526) when compared with controls. The results of the overall analyses were stable after performing the sensitivity analyses. Additionally, no substantial publication bias was observed among the studies. Interpretation Children with ASD have significantly higher levels of CRP and GABA, lower levels of oxytocin, iron, and zinc, lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and Parabacteroides, and higher relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, and Clostridium when compared with controls. These results suggest that these indicators may be a potential biomarker panel for the diagnosis or determining therapeutic targets of ASD. Furthermore, large, sample-based, and randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Calibra Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Sun
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingtian Li
- College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangyi Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiwei Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Technology in Medical Diagnostics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Calibra Diagnostics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Institute for Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Institute for Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Arthritis Research, Shanghai Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute for Integrated Intelligence and Systems, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Samoilova IG, Matveeva MV, Galyukova DE. [Biochemical markers of autism]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:55-59. [PMID: 38261284 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412401155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is becoming an increasingly common disorder of the development of the nervous system in the modern world. The diagnosis is made based on observation of the patient's behavior, which significantly complicates the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder. The subjectivity of behavioral diagnostics dictates the need for the study of biomarkers of ASD. Over the past two decades, researchers have focused on identifying specific biological abnormalities in ASD that will help in the diagnosis of the disease. This review discusses the state of research on various biomarkers currently being developed for ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M V Matveeva
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dou JF, Schmidt RJ, Volk HE, Nitta MM, Feinberg JI, Newschaffer CJ, Croen LA, Hertz-Picciotto I, Fallin MD, Bakulski KM. Exposure to heavy metals in utero and autism spectrum disorder at age 3: A meta-analysis of two longitudinal cohorts of siblings of children with autism. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.21.23298827. [PMID: 38045240 PMCID: PMC10690342 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.23298827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Risk is attributed to genetic and prenatal environmental factors, though the environmental agents are incompletely characterized. Methods In Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) and Markers of Autism Risk in Babies Learning Early Signs (MARBLES), two pregnancy cohorts of siblings of children with ASD, maternal urinary metals concentrations at two time points during pregnancy were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. At age three, clinicians assessed ASD with DSM-5 criteria. Using multivariable log binomial regression, we examined each metal for association with ASD status, adjusting for gestational age at urine sampling, child sex, maternal age, and maternal education, and meta-analyzed across the two cohorts. Results In EARLI (n=170) 17.6% of children were diagnosed with ASD, and an additional 43.5% were classified as having other non-neurotypical development (Non-TD). In MARBLES (n=156), 22.7% were diagnosed with ASD, while an additional 11.5% had Non-TD. In earlier pregnancy metals measures, having cadmium concentration over the level of detection was associated with 1.78 (1.19, 2.67) times higher risk of ASD, and 1.43 (1.06, 1.92) times higher risk of Non-TD. A doubling of early pregnancy cesium concentration was marginally associated with 1.81 (0.95, 3.42) times higher risk of ASD, and 1.58 (0.95, 2.63) times higher risk of Non-TD. Conclusion Exposure in utero to elevated levels of cadmium and cesium, as measured in maternal urine collected during pregnancy, was associated with increased risk of developing ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F. Dou
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yan X, Zhang J, Li J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen X, Luo P, Hu T, Cao X, Zhuang H, Tang X, Yao F, He Z, Ma G, Ran X, Shen L. Effects of arsenic exposure on trace element levels in the hippocampus and cortex of rats and their gender differences. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127289. [PMID: 37660573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic (As) is a major public health challenge worldwide. Chronic exposure to As can cause various human health effects, including skin diseases, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and cancer. Studies have shown that As exposure can lead to disturbances in the balance of trace elements in the body. Moreover, As readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and can be enriched in the hippocampus and cortex, causing neurotoxic damage. At present, there are few reports on the effect of As on trace element levels in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, we sought to explore As-induced neurotoxicity and the effects of As on CNS trace element levels. METHODS An As-induced neurological injury model in rats was established by feeding As chow for 90 days of continuous exposure, and 19 elements were detected in the hippocampus and cortex of As-exposed rats by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS The results showed that the As levels in the hippocampus and cortex of As-exposed rats were significantly higher than those in the control group, The As levels in the cortex were significantly higher than in the hippocampus group. The levels of Cd, Ho, and Rb were increased in the hippocampus and decreased in Au, Ba, Ce, Cs, Pd, Se, Sr, and Tl in the As-exposed group, while the levels of Cd and Rb were increased and Se and Au were decreased in the cortex. Significant gender differences in the effects of As on hippocampal Cd, Ba, Rb, and Sr, and cortical Cd and Mo. CONCLUSION It is suggested that elemental imbalance may be a risk factor for developing As toxicity plays a synergistic or antagonistic role in As-induced toxicity and is closely related to As-induced CNS damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yan
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Junyu Li
- Shenzhen Customs Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Centre, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
| | - Xinglai Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Ting Hu
- School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Fang Yao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhijun He
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Guanwei Ma
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Ran
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; School of Public Health, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu W, Ruan X, Gu C, Dan Luo, Ye J, Diao F, Wu L, Luo M. Blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability of metals/metalloids and its determinants in pediatric patients. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115599. [PMID: 37866033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Concerns regarding adverse effects of metal/metalloids exposure on brain development and neurological disorders among children are increasing. However, the transport patterns of metals/metalloids across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) need to be clarified in children. A total of 99 Chinese pediatric patients were enrolled from February 2020 to August 2021, with a median age of 6.76 months. We detected 16 metal/metalloid levels in matched serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The BCSFB permeability of metals/metalloids were estimated and the potential effects of biomedical parameters were explored. Most metals/metalloids were detectable among > 80.0% of CSF samples. Significant correlations were observed between strontium (Sr, r = 0.46), molybdenum (Mo, r = 0.50), and cadmium (Cd, r = 0.24) concentrations in serum and CSF (P < 0.05). Ratios of metal/metalloid levels in CSF to serum (Rmetal) ranged from 0.02 to 0.74, and hazardous metals/metalloids including arsenic (As), Cd, lead (Pb), thallium (Tl), and manganese (Mn) showed high transfer efficiencies across the BCSFB (Rmetals > 0.5). With the adjustment of age and sex, albumin, β2-microglobulin, and total protein levels in CSF were positively associated with copper (Cu) permeability (FDR-adjusted P < 0.05), while glucose in CSF was negatively correlated with calcium (Ca), Cu, Sr, and Mo BCSFB permeability (FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). Q-Alb promoted Cu permeability across the BCSFB (FDR-adjusted P < 0.001), while C-reactive protein levels in serum were positively associated with selenium (Se) permeability (FDR-adjusted P = 0.046). For the first time, our findings provided data for the BCSFB permeability of 16 metals/metalloids in children, and indicated that some biomedical parameters could influence the transformation of metals/metalloids from serum to CSF. Metals/metalloids with strong BCSFB permeability warrant attention for their potential neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Ruan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunming Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuqiang Diao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cao X, Tang X, Feng C, Lin J, Zhang H, Liu Q, Zheng Q, Zhuang H, Liu X, Li H, Khan NU, Shen L. A Systematic Investigation of Complement and Coagulation-Related Protein in Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Technology. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1623-1637. [PMID: 37031449 PMCID: PMC10603015 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Its etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested potential changes in the complement and coagulation pathways in individuals with ASD. In this study, using multiple reactions monitoring proteomic technology, 16 of the 33 proteins involved in this pathway were identified as differentially-expressed proteins in plasma between children with ASD and controls. Among them, CFHR3, C4BPB, C4BPA, CFH, C9, SERPIND1, C8A, F9, and F11 were found to be altered in the plasma of children with ASD for the first time. SERPIND1 expression was positively correlated with the CARS score. Using the machine learning method, we obtained a panel composed of 12 differentially-expressed proteins with diagnostic potential for ASD. We also reviewed the proteins changed in this pathway in the brain and blood of patients with ASD. The complement and coagulation pathways may be activated in the peripheral blood of children with ASD and play a key role in the pathogenesis of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Chengyun Feng
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Qihong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xukun Liu
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guiyang First People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Naseer Ullah Khan
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liew Z, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Ritz B. Reevaluating the Association Between Autism and Lithium Exposure During Pregnancy-Reply. JAMA Pediatr 2023; 177:1241-1242. [PMID: 37782480 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.3954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Liew
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stojsavljević A, Lakićević N, Pavlović S. Does Lead Have a Connection to Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TOXICS 2023; 11:753. [PMID: 37755763 PMCID: PMC10536388 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants, particularly toxic trace metals with neurotoxic potential, have been related to the genesis of autism. One of these metals that stands out, in particular, is lead (Pb). We conducted an in-depth systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies on Pb levels in biological materials retrieved from autistic children (cases) and neurotypical children (controls) in this work. A systematic review was conducted after the careful selection of published studies according to established criteria to gain a broad insight into the higher or lower levels of Pb in the biological materials of cases and controls, and the findings were then strengthened by a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 17 studies (hair), 13 studies (whole blood), and 8 studies (urine). The overall number of controls/cases was 869/915 (hair), 670/755 (whole blood), and 344/373 (urine). This meta-analysis showed significantly higher Pb levels in all three types of biological material in cases than in controls, suggesting a higher body Pb burden in autistic children. Thus, environmental Pb exposure could be related to the genesis of autism. Since no level of Pb can be considered safe, the data from this study undoubtedly point to the importance of regularly monitoring Pb levels in autistic children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojsavljević
- Innovative Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Novak Lakićević
- Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Ljubljanska bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - Slađan Pavlović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Conti MV, Breda C, Basilico S, Luzzi A, Voto L, Santero S, De Filippo G, Cena H. Dietary recommendations to customize canteen menus according to the nutritional and sensory needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:66. [PMID: 37526770 PMCID: PMC10393838 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are often characterized by food-selectivity, food-neophobia and a marked preference for mild flavor, semi-liquid foods with pale colors. Therefore, they adopt a monotonous dietary pattern, and they prefer ultra-processed food, leading to a high risk of developing malnutrition. In Italy, where 75,072 individuals are diagnosed with ASD, center-based services play a crucial role in their daily management. Despite the centrality of nutrition in maintaining a good state of health, even more for vulnerable subjects, no validated protocol at collective catering level has been developed yet. The manuscript presents customized dietary recommendations aimed at managing the meals for individuals with ASD at collective catering service, derived from a non-systematic literature review exploring food behaviors and nutritional needs in individuals with ASD. Simple practical tips for mealtimes, such as eating together, proper seating, lighting, smell control, presenting food in a simple manner and using the same type of tableware at each meal, to meet the needs of individuals with ASD, were described. The proposal could represent a starting point in developing official guidelines aimed at ASD individuals, in collective catering service.Level of Evidence: Level V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Conti
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Chiara Breda
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Basilico
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Luzzi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Post Graduate Course in Food Science and Human Nutrition, Università Statale di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Voto
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- ImmunoNutritionLab at the CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l Research Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Santero
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia De Filippo
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ding M, Shi S, Qie S, Li J, Xi X. Association between heavy metals exposure (cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury) and child autistic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1169733. [PMID: 37469682 PMCID: PMC10353844 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1169733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have found that toxic heavy metals exposure could induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and is of epigenetic effect, which might be associated with the occurrence of Autistic Disorder (ASD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to elucidate the association between exposure to 4 heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic(As), and mercury (Hg), and the occurrence of ASD in children. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, from their inception to October 2022, for epidemiological investigations that explore the association between exposure to Cd, Pb, As, or Hg and the occurrence of child ASD. Results A total of 53 studies were included, involving 5,054 individuals aged less than 18 (2,533 ASD patients and 2,521 healthy controls). Compared with the healthy controls, in hair and blood tests, concentrations of the 4 heavy metals were significantly higher in the ASD group than in the healthy control group, and the differences in Pb, arsenic and Hg were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the urine test, concentrations of arsenic and Hg were significantly higher in the ASD group than in the healthy control group (P < 0.05), while the results of Cd and Pb were opposite to those of arsenic and Hg (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis for geographic regions showed that ASD patients in Asia and Europe had higher concentrations of the 4 heavy metals, compared with the healthy controls, in which the differences in Pb, arsenic, and Hg were statistically significant (P < 0.05), while in North America, the healthy controls had higher Cd, arsenic, and Hg concentrations (P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with the healthy control group, the ASD group had higher concentrations of Cd, Pb, arsenic, and Hg. These 4 heavy metals play different roles in the occurrence and progression of ASD. Moreover, there is significant heterogeneity among the included studies due to controversies about the study results among different countries and regions and different sources of detection materials. The results of this study firmly support the policies to limit heavy metals exposure, especially among pregnant women and young children, so as to help reduce the incidence of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ding
- Correspondence: Mengmeng Ding Shanshan Shi Shuyan Qie
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Correspondence: Mengmeng Ding Shanshan Shi Shuyan Qie
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Correspondence: Mengmeng Ding Shanshan Shi Shuyan Qie
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kozlova Y, Kozlov S. Сhanges of trace elements in the cerebellum and their influence on the rats behavior in elevated plus maze in the acute period of mild blast-induced brain injury. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127189. [PMID: 37201369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In connection with the widespread use of explosive devices in military conflicts, in particular in Ukraine, is relevant to detect the biometals changes in the cerebellum and determine the presence of their influence on the behavior changes of rats in the elevated plus maze in the acute period of a mild blast-traumatic brain injury (bTBI). METHODS The selected rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group I - Experimental with bTBI (with an excess pressure of 26-36 kPa), Group II - Sham and Group III - Intact. Behavior studies was in the elevated plus maze. Brain spectral analysis was with using of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, after obtaining the quantitative mass fractions of biometals, the ratios of Cu/Fe, Cu/Zn, Zn/Fe were calculated and the data between the three groups were compared. RESULTS The results showed an increase in mobility in the experimental rats, which indicates functional disorders of the cerebellum in the form of maladaptation in space. Changes in cognitive activity also is an evidence of cerebellum suppression, which is indicated by changes in vertical locomotor activity. Grooming time was shortened. We established a significant increase in Cu/Fe and Zn/Fe ratios in the cerebellum, a decrease in Cu/Zn. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the Cu/Fe, Cu/Zn, and Zn/Fe ratios in the cerebellum correlate with impaired locomotor and cognitive activity in rats in the acute posttraumatic period. Accumulation of Fe on the 1st and 3rd day leads to disturbance of the Cu and Zn balance on the 7th day and starts a "vicious cycle" of neuronal damage. Cu/Fe, Cu/Zn, and Zn/Fe imbalances are secondary factors in the pathogenesis of brain damage as a result of primary bTBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Kozlova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Forensic Medicine and Pathological Physiology, Dnipro State Medical University, st. Vernadskoho, 9, Dnipro, Ukraine.
| | - Sergii Kozlov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Forensic Medicine and Pathological Physiology, Dnipro State Medical University, st. Vernadskoho, 9, Dnipro, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ouisselsat M, Maidoumi S, Elmaouaki A, Lekouch N, Pineau A, Sedki A. Hair Trace Elements and Mineral Content in Moroccan Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Case-Control Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2701-2710. [PMID: 35896886 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) around the world continues to increase while the pathophysiology remains insufficiently elucidated. Genetics, environment, and epigenetic changes are often implicated. Abnormal level in trace elements and minerals is among environmental factors assumed to be involved. The purpose of this article is to assess hair concentrations of toxic and essential elements in children with ASD and children with neurotypical development in the city of Marrakech. Two hundred and twenty-seven children (107 with ASD and 120 controls) aged 3 to 14 years old were recruited. The results of analysis by ICP-MS showed a significant decrease in hair levels of copper, zinc, iron, and selenium (25%, 13%, 17%, 11%) of children with ASD. The most significantly reduced concentrations in children with ASD are that of manganese by 34%. Hair aluminum level was significantly elevated by 29% in ASD compared to controls. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that copper, selenium, and iron content in hair were significantly inversely associated with ASD, similarly, hair aluminum content was significantly associated with ASD. Adjusted model for demographic parameters increased the predictive ability of the model, father's age was a significant predictor. In addition, ASD and gender were significant predictors of hair levels of aluminum, selenium, and manganese.These results support the hypothesis of the disparity of trace elements and minerals levels in children with ASD and highlight the potential interest of micronutrient supplementation in the eventual improvement of ASD symptoms. Future research should explore the pathophysiology of these micronutrient deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ouisselsat
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences - Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Moulay Abdellah BP, 2390-40001, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Sana Maidoumi
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences - Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Moulay Abdellah BP, 2390-40001, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Amal Elmaouaki
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences - Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Moulay Abdellah BP, 2390-40001, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Nadra Lekouch
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences - Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Moulay Abdellah BP, 2390-40001, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Alain Pineau
- Mineral Element Dosing Centre, UFR of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, University of Nantes, 9, rue Bias, 44035 - 44000, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Azeddine Sedki
- Laboratory of Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences - Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Moulay Abdellah BP, 2390-40001, Marrakech, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang H, Tang X, Feng C, Gao Y, Hong Q, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zheng Q, Lin J, Liu X, Shen L. The use of data independent acquisition based proteomic analysis and machine learning to reveal potential biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104872. [PMID: 36898611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological developmental disorder in children, and is associated with social isolation and restricted interests. The etiology of this disorder is still unknown. There is neither any confirmed laboratory test nor any effective therapeutic strategy to diagnose or cure it. We performed data independent acquisition (DIA) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis of plasma from children with ASD and controls. The result showed that 45 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between autistic subjects and controls. Among these, only one DEP was down-regulated in ASD; other DEPs were up-regulated in ASD children's plasma. These proteins are found associated with complement and coagulation cascades, vitamin digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism, platelet degranulation, selenium micronutrient network, extracellular matrix organization and inflammatory pathway, which have been reported to be related to ASD. After MRM verification, five key proteins in complement pathway (PLG, SERPINC1, and A2M) and inflammatory pathway (CD5L, ATRN, SERPINC1, and A2M) were confirmed to be significantly up-regulated in ASD group. Through the screening of machine learning model and MRM verification, we found that two proteins (biotinidase and carbonic anhydrase 1) can be used as early diagnostic markers of ASD (AUC = 0.8, p = 0.0001). SIGNIFICANCE: ASD is the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorder in the world and has become a major public health problem worldwide. Its prevalence has been steadily increasing, with a global prevalence rate of 1%. Early diagnosis and intervention can achieve better prognosis. In this study, data independent acquisition (DIA) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis was applied to analyze the plasma proteome of ASD patients (31 (±5) months old), and 378 proteins were quantified. 45 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between the ASD group and the control group. They mainly were associated with platelet degranulation, ECM proteoglycar, complement and coagulation cascades, selenium micronutrient network, regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) transport and uptake by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), cholesterol metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and inflammatory pathway. Through the integrated machine learning methods and the MRM verification of independent samples, it is considered that biotinidase and carbon anhydrase 1 have the potential to become biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD. These results complement proteomics database of the ASD patients, broaden our understanding of ASD, and provide a panel of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Chengyun Feng
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen 518100, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen 518100, PR China
| | - Qi Hong
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen 518100, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Xinglai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Qihong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Xukun Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, PR China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research, Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen 518071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nakhaee S, Amirabadizadeh A, Farnia V, Ali Azadi N, Mansouri B, Radmehr F. Association Between Biological Lead Concentrations and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Children: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1567-1581. [PMID: 35499802 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies have been conducted in different countries of the world to illustrate a link between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and lead (Pb) in different specimens such as hair, blood, and urine. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between Pb concentration in biological samples (blood, urine, and hair) and ASD in children through case-control and cross-sectional studies. In this systematic review, PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies from January 2000 to February 2022. A random-effects model was used to pool the results. The effect sizes were standardized mean differences (proxied by Hedges' g) followed by a 95% confidence interval. Pooling data under the random effect model from blood and hair studies showed a significant difference between the children in the ASD group and the control group in blood lead level (Hedges' g: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.33-2.09, P = 0.01) and hair level (Hedges' g: 2.20, 95% CI: 0.56-3.85, P = 0.01). For urine studies, pooling data under the random effect model from eight studies indicated no significant difference between the children in the ASD group and control group in urinary lead level (Hedges' g: - 0.34, 95% CI: - 1.14,0.45, P = 0.40). Moreover, the funnel plot and the results of the Egger test for the blood and urine samples showed no publication bias, while, for the hair samples, the funnel plot illustrated the existence of publication bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Alireza Amirabadizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 9717113163, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nemam Ali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Radmehr
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Senarathne UD, Indika NLR, Jezela-Stanek A, Ciara E, Frye RE, Chen C, Stepien KM. Biochemical, Genetic and Clinical Diagnostic Approaches to Autism-Associated Inherited Metabolic Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040803. [PMID: 37107561 PMCID: PMC10138025 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, limited communication skills, and restrictive and repetitive behaviours. The pathophysiology of ASD is multifactorial and includes genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, whereas a causal relationship has been described between ASD and inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs). This review describes biochemical, genetic, and clinical approaches to investigating IMDs associated with ASD. The biochemical work-up includes body fluid analysis to confirm general metabolic and/or lysosomal storage diseases, while the advances and applications of genomic testing technology would assist with identifying molecular defects. An IMD is considered likely underlying pathophysiology in ASD patients with suggestive clinical symptoms and multiorgan involvement, of which early recognition and treatment increase their likelihood of achieving optimal care and a better quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udara D. Senarathne
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Monash Health Pathology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Neluwa-Liyanage R. Indika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Richard E. Frye
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ 85050, USA
| | - Cliff Chen
- Clinical Neuropsychology Department, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Mark Holland Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu H, Huang M, Yu X. Blood and hair copper levels in childhood autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis based on case-control studies. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 0:reveh-2022-0256. [PMID: 36933002 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between copper levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been a controversial topic. This study investigated relationship between copper levels and ASD. CONTENT The following databases are searched until April 2022: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Combined effect size standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated with Stata 12.0. In this meta-analysis, 29 case-control studies were included, which included 2,504 children with ASD and 2,419 healthy controls. The copper levels in hair (SMD: -1.16, 95% CI: -1.73 to -0.58) was significantly lower in ASD children than healthy controls. The copper levels in blood (SMD: 0.10, 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.32) not significantly compare ASD with controls. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Copper may be associated with the development of ASD in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hezuo Liu
- Ninghai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ning Bo, China
| | - Minhui Huang
- Ninghai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ning Bo, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Ninghai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ning Bo, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mendelian randomization investigation highlights different roles of selenium status in mental disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110694. [PMID: 36521586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested a relationship between selenium status and mental disorders (MDs). However, it remains unclear whether selenium status was causally associated with MDs. Thus, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics to investigate the causal effects of selenium levels on seven MDs, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), anorexia nervosa (AN), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and panic disorder (PD). Strong genetic instruments of blood selenium (n = 9) and blood-toenail selenium (n = 12) were applied to the above seven MDs GWAS datasets from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, which were further replicated in the FinnGen Biobank. The inverse-variance weighted method was employed to calculate the causal effects. The results showed that genetically predicted blood selenium levels were associated with a decreased risk of schizophrenia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.87-0.95) and AN (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.97). However, both blood and blood-toenail selenium levels were linked to an increased risk of MDD (blood: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.12; blood-toenail: OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.13) and ASD (blood: OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.17; blood-toenail: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.21), respectively. No obvious associations were found between selenium levels and BD as well as ADHD. Our findings highlighted a protective role of selenium in SZ and AN, while a risk effect in MDD and ASD. Further studies are required to verify the underlying mechanism mediating the unequal effects of Se on different MDs, which will pave a new path for the intervention of MDs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Rashaid AB, Alqhazo M, Newbury DF, Kanaan H, El-Khateeb M, Abukashabeh A, Al-Tamimi F. Evaluation of elements in hair samples of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:138-147. [PMID: 35034571 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2022068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted a role for trace elements and toxic metals across neurodevelopmental disorders, including developmental stuttering, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, these environmental influences have yet to be explored in relation to Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). METHODS Elemental hair composition of seven elements; zinc (64Zn), magnesium (26Mg), iron (57Fe), potassium (39K), aluminum (27Al), lead (208Pb), and barium (138Ba) were analyzed in hair samples from 35 children affected by DLD and 35 controls with typical language development (TLD) using both inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). RESULTS The concentration of 64Zn was significantly lower in the hair of DLD group compared to the TLD control group. All other elements showed similar levels between cases and controls. This pilot study demonstrates the utility of trace elements and toxic metals screening in relation to language disorders and the use of hair samples in such investigations. CONCLUSION The finding that zinc levels differed between cases and controls could represent a clinically relevant result and should be replicated in larger sample size across time. A wider battery of related elements will help to better understand the role of trace elements and toxic metals in DLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Bani Rashaid
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Mazin Alqhazo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Dianne F Newbury
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Heba Kanaan
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Mohammad El-Khateeb
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Ahmad Abukashabeh
- Chemical and Physical Analyses Laboratories, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission, Amman, Jordan
| | - Feda Al-Tamimi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao G, Liu SJ, Gan XY, Li JR, Wu XX, Liu SY, Jin YS, Zhang KR, Wu HM. Analysis of Whole Blood and Urine Trace Elements in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Autistic Behaviors. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:627-635. [PMID: 35305538 PMCID: PMC9849157 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between trace elements and neurological development is an emerging research focus. We performed a case-control study to explore (1) the differences of 13 trace elements chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), stannum (Sn), stibium (Sb), mercury (Hg), titanium (TI), and plumbum (Pb) concentration in whole blood and urine between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children and their typical development peers, and (2) the association between the 13 trace elements and core behaviors of ASD. Thirty ASD subjects (cases) and 30 age-sex-matched healthy subjects from Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, were recruited. Element analysis was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Autistic behaviors were assessed using Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Children Neuropsychological and Behavior Scale (CNBS). The whole blood concentrations of Mo (p = 0.004), Cd (0.007), Sn (p = 0.003), and Pb (p = 0.037) were significantly higher in the ASD cases than in the controls. Moreover, Se (0.393), Hg (0.408), and Mn (- 0.373) concentrations were significantly correlated between whole blood and urine levels in ASD case subjects. There were significant correlations between whole blood Sb (0.406), Tl (0.365), Mo (- 0.4237), Mn (- 0.389), Zn (0.476), and Se (0.375) levels and core behaviors of ASD. Although the mechanism of trace element imbalance in ASD is unclear, these data demonstrate that core behaviors of ASD may be affected by certain trace elements. Further studies are recommended for exploring the mechanism of element imbalance and providing corresponding clinical treatment measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 China
- Department of Child Health Care, Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nanshan District, 1 Wanxia Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518067 China
| | - Si-jin Liu
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Xin-yu Gan
- Department of Rehabilitation of the Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, Harbin, 150081 China
- Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, 163319 Heilongjiang China
| | - Jun-ru Li
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Xiao-xue Wu
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Si-yan Liu
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, 163319 China
| | - Yi-si Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163000 China
| | - Ke-rang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 China
| | - Hong-mei Wu
- Department of Nursing, Harbin Medical University in Daqing, Daqing, 163319 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The Rationale for Vitamin, Mineral, and Cofactor Treatment in the Precision Medical Care of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020252. [PMID: 36836486 PMCID: PMC9964499 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder may exhibit nutritional deficiencies due to reduced intake, genetic variants, autoantibodies interfering with vitamin transport, and the accumulation of toxic compounds that consume vitamins. Importantly, vitamins and metal ions are essential for several metabolic pathways and for neurotransmitter functioning. The therapeutic benefits of supplementing vitamins, minerals (Zinc, Magnesium, Molybdenum, and Selenium), and other cofactors (coenzyme Q10, alpha-lipoic acid, and tetrahydrobiopterin) are mediated through their cofactor as well as non-cofactor functions. Interestingly, some vitamins can be safely administered at levels far above the dose typically used to correct the deficiency and exert effects beyond their functional role as enzyme cofactors. Moreover, the interrelationships between these nutrients can be leveraged to obtain synergistic effects using combinations. The present review discusses the current evidence for using vitamins, minerals, and cofactors in autism spectrum disorder, the rationale behind their use, and the prospects for future use.
Collapse
|
30
|
Li S, Yang C, Yi X, Wei R, Aschner M, Jiang Y, Ou S, Yao C. Effects of Sub-chronic Lead Exposure on Essential Element Levels in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:282-293. [PMID: 35133610 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), a corrosion-resistant heavy non-ferrous metal, is one of the most common environmental neurotoxic metals. The effects of Pb on other essential metal elements are contradictory. Therefore, this in vivo study addressed the effects of sub-chronic Pb exposure on the distribution of other divalent metals, exploring the relationships between Pb levels in blood, teeth, bones, hair, and brain tissues. Thirty-two healthy male C57BL/6 mice received intragastric administration (i.g.) with 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg Pb acetate, once a day for 8 weeks. Levels of Pb and other metal elements [including iron(Fe), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and calcium(Ca)] in the whole blood, teeth, the right thighbone, hair, and brain tissues (including cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus) were detected with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Pb levels in all detected organs were increased after Pb-exposed for 8 weeks. The results of relationship analysis between Pb levels in the tissues and lifetime cumulative Pb exposure (LCPE) showed that Pb levels in the blood, bone, and hair could indirectly reflect the Pb accumulation in the murine brain. These measures might serve as valuable biomarkers for chronic Pb exposure reflective of the accumulation of Pb in the central nervous system (CNS). Sub-chronic Pb exposure for 8 weeks altered Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn levels, but no effects were noted on Mg levels in any of the analyzed tissues. Pb decreased Ca in teeth, Cu in thighbone and teeth, Zn in whole blood and hair, and Fe in hair. In contrast, Pb increased Ca levels in corpus striatum and hypothalamus, Cu levels in striatum, Zn levels in teeth, and Fe levels in hippocampus, thighbone, and teeth. The Pb-induced changes in metal ratios in various tissues may serve as valuable biomarkers for chronic Pb exposure as they are closely related to the accumulations of Pb in the murine CNS. The results suggest that altered distribution of several essential metal elements may be involved in Pb-induced neurotoxicity. Additional studies should address the interaction between Pb and essential metal elements in the CNS and other organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Li
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ruokun Wei
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyan Ou
- Teaching and Research Section of Hygienic Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Rd, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chaocong Yao
- Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, Hezhou People's Hospital, No. 150 Xiyue Rd, Hezhou, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu A, Cai C, Wang Z, Wang B, He J, Xie Y, Deng H, Liu S, Zeng S, Yin Z, Wang M. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry based urine metallome to construct clinical decision models for autism spectrum disorder. METALLOMICS : INTEGRATED BIOMETAL SCIENCE 2022; 14:6849992. [PMID: 36442146 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is on the rise, and high levels of exposure to toxic heavy metals may be associated with this increase. Urine analysis is a noninvasive method for investigating the accumulation and excretion of heavy metals. The aim of this study was to identify ASD-associated urinary metal markers. METHODS Overall, 70 children with ASD and 71 children with typical development (TD) were enrolled in this retrospective case-control study. In this metallomics investigation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed to obtain the urine profile of 27 metals. RESULTS Children with ASD could be distinguished from children with TD based on the urine metal profile, with ASD children showing an increased urine metal Shannon diversity. A metallome-wide association analysis was used to identify seven ASD-related metals in urine, with cobalt, aluminum, selenium, and lithium significantly higher, and manganese, mercury, and titanium significantly lower in the urine of children with ASD than in children with TD. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) machine learning method was used to rank the seven urine metals in terms of their effect on ASD. On the basis of these seven urine metals, we constructed a LASSO regression model for ASD classification and found an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.913. We also constructed a clinical prediction model for ASD based on the seven metals that were different in the urine of children with ASD and found that the model would be useful for the clinical prediction of ASD risk. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that altered urine metal concentrations may be an important risk factor for ASD, and we recommend further exploration of the mechanisms and clinical treatment measures for such alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Liu
- T he department of Laboratory, Baoan Public Health Service Center of Shenzhen, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Chunquan Cai
- Tianjin Pediatric Research Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital of Tianjin University), Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhangxing Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Shenzhen Longhua People's Hospital, Guangdong 518109, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The department of Dermatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Juntao He
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases (Physical Testing & Chemical Analysis Department), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Yanhong Xie
- T he department of Laboratory, Baoan Public Health Service Center of Shenzhen, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Honglian Deng
- T he department of Laboratory, Baoan Public Health Service Center of Shenzhen, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Shaozhi Liu
- T he department of Laboratory, Baoan Public Health Service Center of Shenzhen, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Shujuan Zeng
- Division of Neonatology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, China
| | - Zhaoqing Yin
- Division of Pediatrics, The People's Hospital of Dehong Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Mangshi, Yunnan 678400, China
| | - Mingbang Wang
- Microbiome Therapy Center, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518116, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang J, Lin J, Zhao X, Yao F, Feng C, He Z, Cao X, Gao Y, Khan NU, Chen M, Luo P, Shen L. Trace Element Changes in the Plasma of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children and the Positive Correlation Between Chromium and Vanadium. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4924-4935. [PMID: 35006555 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Existing data demonstrate a significant correlation between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the status of biologically essential and toxic trace elements. However, there is still a lack of data on the steady state of trace elements in ASD. We performed a case-control study to explore the association between the risk of ASD and 23 trace elements in plasma. The results showed that children with ASD had considerably decreased lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), barium (Ba), mercury (Hg), and tin (Sn) levels when compared to their age- and sex-matched controls. Meanwhile, children with ASD had considerably increased plasma chromium (Cr) and vanadium (V) concentrations. We also divided each group into subgroups based on age and gender and created element-related networks for each subgroup. We detected significant element correlations within or between subgroups, as well as changes in correlations that included all elements examined. Finally, more element correlations were observed among males, which may open a new avenue for understanding the complicated process behind the sex ratio of children with ASD. Overall, our data revealed a novel relationship between elements and ASD, which may extend current understanding about ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiying Zhao
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
- Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyun Feng
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun He
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Baoan, Shenzhen, 518100, People's Republic of China
| | - Naseer Ullah Khan
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Margy Chen
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring Control Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tabata K, Miyashita M, Yamasaki S, Toriumi K, Ando S, Suzuki K, Endo K, Morimoto Y, Tomita Y, Yamaguchi S, Usami S, Itokawa M, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Takahashi H, Kasai K, Nishida A, Arai M. Hair zinc levels and psychosis risk among adolescents. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:107. [PMID: 36433958 PMCID: PMC9700858 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses have shown lower zinc and higher copper levels in the serum of people with schizophrenia than in healthy controls. However, the relationship between trace elements (TEs) and the pathophysiology of psychosis, including schizophrenia, remains unclear due to the antipsychotic effects on mineral levels. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between zinc and copper levels in hair and psychosis risk among drug-naïve adolescents. This study was conducted as a part of a population-based biomarker subsample study of the Tokyo Teen Cohort Study, including 252 community-dwelling 14-year-old drug-naïve adolescents. Zinc and copper levels in hair were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The thought problems (TP) scale from the Child Behavior Checklist was used to evaluate psychosis risk. Regression analysis showed that hair zinc levels were negatively correlated with the TP scale (T-score) (β = -0.176, P = 0.005). This result remained significant after adjusting for age and sex (β = -0.175, P = 0.005). In contrast, hair copper levels were not associated with the TP scale (T-score) (β = 0.026, P = 0.687). These findings suggest that lower zinc levels could be involved in the pathophysiology of psychosis, independent of antipsychotics. Further longitudinal studies are required to investigate whether hair zinc level is a useful new biomarker for assessing psychosis risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Tabata
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Miyashita
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.417102.1Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Toriumi
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.263518.b0000 0001 1507 4692Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Morimoto
- grid.443136.70000 0004 0642 8892Department of Psychology, Ube Frontier University, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Tomita
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XCenter for Research and Development on Transition from Secondary to Higher Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanari Itokawa
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.417102.1Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XDepartment of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Takahashi
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XThe International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Unit for Mental Health Promotion, Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arai
- grid.272456.00000 0000 9343 3630Schizophrenia Research Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Davies TC. The position of geochemical variables as causal co-factors of diseases of unknown aetiology. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022; 4:236. [PMID: 35909942 PMCID: PMC9326422 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The term diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA) or idiopathic diseases is used to describe diseases that are of uncertain or unknown cause or origin. Among plausible geoenvironmental co-factors in causation of DUA, this article focusses on the entry of trace elements, including metals and metalloids into humans, and their involvement in humoral and cellular immune responses, representing potentially toxic agents with implications as co-factors for certain DUA. Several trace elements/metals/metalloids (micronutrients) play vital roles as co-factors for essential enzymes and antioxidant molecules, thus, conferring protection against disease. However, inborn errors of trace element/metal/metalloid metabolisms can occur to produce toxicity, such as when there are basic defects in the element transport mechanism. Ultimately, it is the amount of trace element, metal or metalloid that is taken up, its mode of accumulation in human tissues, and related geomedical attributes such as the chemical form and bioavailability that decisively determine whether the exerted effects are toxic or beneficial. Several case descriptions of DUA that are common worldwide are given to illustrate our knowledge so far of how trace element/metal/metalloid interactions in the immune system may engender its dysregulation and be implicated as causal co-factors of DUA. Article highlights The importance of a proper understanding of geochemical perturbations in human metabolisms is emphasisedIt is proferred that such an understanding would aid greatly in the decipherment of diseases of unknown aetiology (DUA)The thesis presented may pave the way towards better diagnosis and therapy of DUA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus C. Davies
- Present Address: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, 511 Mangosuthu Highway, 4031, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hernández-Mendoza H, Rios-Lugo MJ, Álvarez-Loredo HE, Romero-Guzmán ET, Gaytán-Hernández D, Martínez-Navarro I, Juárez-Flores BI, Chang-Rueda C. Serum lead levels and its association with overweight and obesity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126984. [PMID: 35427954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) exposure has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, nevertheless its association with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia markers has been little explored in Mexico. Therefore, we evaluated the association of serum Pb levels (Pb-S), with body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 85 Mexican adults (57 women and 28 men). BMI was calculated, while FPG, TC, and TG were measured by the enzymatic colorimetric method. Total Pb-S levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS The study population was 20.3 ± 1.9 years old, showed an average of Pb-S of 0.0982 ± 0.068 μg dL-1, and presented a frequency of overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) of 50.5% and 18.8%, respectively. Men had higher average FPG than women (Women= 83.930 ± 5.662 vs Men= 84.953 ± 6.495; p = 0.037). When we analyzed anthropometric and clinical variables, Pb-S and frequency of OW and OB were observed to increase within the categories of Pb-S tertiles (<0.001). The averages of Pb-S were 0.051 ± 0.035 µg dL-1, 0.107 ± 0.067 µg dL-1, and 0.151 ± 0.063 µg dL-1 for individuals with normal weight (NW), OW, and OB, respectively. In addition, an analysis adjusted for age and sex shows Pb-S is positively associated with BMI (β = 2.76 ± 0.498, p = <0.001). CONCLUSION Our results evidence a significant association between Pb-S and the increase of BMI in Mexican adults and highlight the important health impact that may represent environmental Pb exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Altair 200, C.P, 78377 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Universidad del Centro de México, Capitán Caldera 75, C.P., 78250 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - María Judith Rios-Lugo
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda, Sierra Leona 550, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Edmundo Álvarez-Loredo
- Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda, Sierra Leona 550, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Teresita Romero-Guzmán
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Carretera México-Toluca s/n, C.P., La Marquesa, 52750 Ocoyoacác, Mexico
| | - Darío Gaytán-Hernández
- Unidad de Posgrado, Facultad de Enfermería y Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda. Niño Artillero 130, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Israel Martínez-Navarro
- Sección de Medicina Molecular y Traslacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avda, Sierra Leona 550, C.P., 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Bertha Irene Juárez-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Altair 200, C.P, 78377 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Chang-Rueda
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Campus IV. Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Carretera a Puerto Madero Km 1.5, C.P., 30580, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jensen AR, Lane AL, Werner BA, McLees SE, Fletcher TS, Frye RE. Modern Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Future Directions. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:483-495. [PMID: 35759118 PMCID: PMC9411091 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is an increasingly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder in the world today, with an estimated 2% of the population being affected in the USA. A major complicating factor in diagnosing, treating, and understanding autism spectrum disorder is that defining the disorder is solely based on the observation of behavior. Thus, recent research has focused on identifying specific biological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder that can provide clues to diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers are an objective way to identify and measure biological abnormalities for diagnostic purposes as well as to measure changes resulting from treatment. This current opinion paper discusses the state of research of various biomarkers currently in development for autism spectrum disorder. The types of biomarkers identified include prenatal history, genetics, neurological including neuroimaging, neurophysiologic, and visual attention, metabolic including abnormalities in mitochondrial, folate, trans-methylation, and trans-sulfuration pathways, immune including autoantibodies and cytokine dysregulation, autonomic nervous system, and nutritional. Many of these biomarkers have promising preliminary evidence for prenatal and post-natal pre-symptomatic risk assessment, confirmation of diagnosis, subtyping, and treatment response. However, most biomarkers have not undergone validation studies and most studies do not investigate biomarkers with clinically relevant comparison groups. Although the field of biomarker research in autism spectrum disorder is promising, it appears that it is currently in the early stages of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Jensen
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Alison L Lane
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Brianna A Werner
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Sallie E McLees
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - Tessa S Fletcher
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Richard E Frye
- Section on Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, 1919 E Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sauer AK, Hagmeyer S, Grabrucker AM. Prenatal Zinc Deficient Mice as a Model for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116082. [PMID: 35682762 PMCID: PMC9181257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown a clear association between early life zinc deficiency and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In line with this, mouse models have revealed prenatal zinc deficiency as a profound risk factor for neurobiological and behavioral abnormalities in the offspring reminiscent of ASD behavior. From these studies, a complex pathology emerges, with alterations in the gastrointestinal and immune system and synaptic signaling in the brain, as a major consequence of prenatal zinc deficiency. The features represent a critical link in a causal chain that leads to various neuronal dysfunctions and behavioral phenotypes observed in prenatal zinc deficient (PZD) mice and probably other mouse models for ASD. Given that the complete phenotype of PZD mice may be key to understanding how non-genetic factors can modify the clinical features and severity of autistic patients and explain the observed heterogeneity, here, we summarize published data on PZD mice. We critically review the emerging evidence that prenatal zinc deficiency is at the core of several environmental risk factors associated with ASD, being mechanistically linked to ASD-associated genetic factors. In addition, we highlight future directions and outstanding questions, including potential symptomatic, disease-modifying, and preventive treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Katrin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.K.S.); (S.H.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Simone Hagmeyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.K.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland; (A.K.S.); (S.H.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-61-237756
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Capelo R, Rohlman DS, Jara R, García T, Viñas J, Lorca JA, Contreras Llanes M, Alguacil J. Residence in an Area with Environmental Exposure to Heavy Metals and Neurobehavioral Performance in Children 9-11 Years Old: An Explorative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084732. [PMID: 35457599 PMCID: PMC9032432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We explored the association between residence in an area polluted with metals and neurobehavioral performance in children aged 9 to 11. A cross-sectional study was conducted with thirty boys and thirty girls aged 9 to 11 from public schools in a heavily industrialized area, matched by age (±4 months) and gender with 15 boys and 15 girls from public schools in cities without relevant industrial activity. Neurobehavioral performance was assessed with the Behavioral Assessment and Research System. Linear regression models were used, adjusting for age, sex, social class and multimedia activities to predict each of the neurobehavioral outcome variables. No differences in neurobehavioral performance were found when all children with residence in areas with environmental exposure to metals were classified as exposed and the children from the other provinces as unexposed. However, when we compared children living <1 km from an industrial area with respect to those living more than 1 km away, significant differences were found. Children living <1 km away had lower scores on Finger Tapping (p = 0.03), Symbol-Digit (p = 0.07) and Continuous Performance (p = 0.02) than those living farther away. Our results support the hypothesis that residing close to an area with industrial activity (<1 km) is associated with deficits in neurobehavioral performance among children aged 9 to 11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Capelo
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (R.C.); (R.J.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
- Departamento de Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Pública, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Diane S. Rohlman
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Rocío Jara
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (R.C.); (R.J.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Tamara García
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (R.C.); (R.J.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - Jesús Viñas
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (R.C.); (R.J.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
| | - José A. Lorca
- Departamento de Psicología Clínica, Experimental y Social, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Manuel Contreras Llanes
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (R.C.); (R.J.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
- Departamento de Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Pública, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (J.A.); Tel.: +34-959-219-892 (M.C.L.); +34-959-219-890 (J.A.)
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales, Salud y Medio Ambiente (RENSMA), Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain; (R.C.); (R.J.); (T.G.); (J.V.)
- Departamento de Sociología, Trabajo Social y Salud Pública, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (J.A.); Tel.: +34-959-219-892 (M.C.L.); +34-959-219-890 (J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dong HY, Feng JY, Li HH, Yue XJ, Jia FY. Non-parental caregivers, low maternal education, gastrointestinal problems and high blood lead level: predictors related to the severity of autism spectrum disorder in Northeast China. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:11. [PMID: 34980074 PMCID: PMC8722278 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased rapidly in recent years. Environmental factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD. These factors may include socioeconomic factors, nutritional factors, heavy metal exposure, air pollution, etc. Our aim is to analyze possible environmental factors associated with the severity of ASD. Methods All participating children were divided into two groups (mild and moderate/severe) according to the severity of their symptoms, as determined by their Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores. The socioeconomic, demographic factors and the nutritional factors that may affect the severity of ASD were included in the logistic regression to analyze whether they were predictors that affected the severity of ASD. Results Logistic regression showed that caregivers(P = 0.042), maternal education (P = 0.030), gastrointestinal problems (P = 0.041) and a high serum concentration of lead (P = 0.003) were statistically significantly associated with ASD severity. Conclusion Many environmental factors affect the severity of ASD. We concluded that non-parental caregivers, low maternal education, gastrointestinal problems and high blood lead level maybe predictors that affected the severity of ASD in northeast China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Dong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun-Yan Feng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yue
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu X, Lin J, Zhang H, Khan NU, Zhang J, Tang X, Cao X, Shen L. Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder-Current Progress of Mechanisms and Biomarkers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:813304. [PMID: 35299821 PMCID: PMC8921264 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.813304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder that has been diagnosed in an increasing number of children around the world. Existing data suggest that early diagnosis and intervention can improve ASD outcomes. However, the causes of ASD remain complex and unclear, and there are currently no clinical biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder. More mechanisms and biomarkers of autism have been found with the development of advanced technology such as mass spectrometry. Many recent studies have found a link between ASD and elevated oxidative stress, which may play a role in its development. ASD is caused by oxidative stress in several ways, including protein post-translational changes (e.g., carbonylation), abnormal metabolism (e.g., lipid peroxidation), and toxic buildup [e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS)]. To detect elevated oxidative stress in ASD, various biomarkers have been developed and employed. This article summarizes recent studies about the mechanisms and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Potential biomarkers identified in this study could be used for early diagnosis and evaluation of ASD intervention, as well as to inform and target ASD pharmacological or nutritional treatment interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xukun Liu
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Naseer Ullah Khan
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China.,Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Amadi CN, Orish CN, Frazzoli C, Orisakwe OE. Association of autism with toxic metals: A systematic review of case-control studies. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 212:173313. [PMID: 34896416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors have been associated with the etiology of autism spectrum disorder ASD in recent times. The involvement of toxic metals in the generation of reactive oxygen species and their epigenetics effects have been implicated in ASD. This systemic review examines the association of toxic metals with autism in children. A systematic literature search was performed in scientific databases such as PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus. Case-control studies evaluating toxic metal levels in different tissues of ASD children and comparing them to healthy children (control group) were identified. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Six case-control studies with 425 study subjects met our inclusion criteria. A total of four studies indicated higher levels of As, Pb, Hg, Cd, Al, Sn, Sb, Ba, TI, W, and Zr in whole blood, RBC, in whole blood, RBC, and hair samples of children with autism compared with control suggestive of a greater toxic metal exposure (immediate and long-term). Three studies identified significantly higher concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg in urine and hair samples of autistic children compared to control suggesting decreased excretion and possible high body burden of these metals. The findings from this review demonstrate that high levels of toxic metals are associated with ASD, therefore, critical care is necessary to reduce body burden of these metals in children with ASD as a major therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia N Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Chinna N Orish
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orish E Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|