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Rojas M, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Heuer LS, Zang W, M Monsalve D, Ramírez-Santana C, Anaya JM, M Ridgway W, A Ansari A, Gershwin ME. Antigen-specific T cells and autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2024; 148:103303. [PMID: 39141985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) showcase the intricate balance between the immune system's protective functions and its potential for self-inflicted damage. These disorders arise from the immune system's erroneous targeting of the body's tissues, resulting in damage and disease. The ability of T cells to distinguish between self and non-self-antigens is pivotal to averting autoimmune reactions. Perturbations in this process contribute to AD development. Autoreactive T cells that elude thymic elimination are activated by mimics of self-antigens or are erroneously activated by self-antigens can trigger autoimmune responses. Various mechanisms, including molecular mimicry and bystander activation, contribute to AD initiation, with specific triggers and processes varying across the different ADs. In addition, the formation of neo-epitopes could also be implicated in the emergence of autoreactivity. The specificity of T cell responses centers on the antigen recognition sequences expressed by T cell receptors (TCRs), which recognize peptide fragments displayed by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The assortment of TCR gene combinations yields a diverse array of T cell populations, each with distinct affinities for self and non-self antigens. However, new evidence challenges the traditional notion that clonal expansion solely steers the selection of higher-affinity T cells. Lower-affinity T cells also play a substantial role, prompting the "two-hit" hypothesis. High-affinity T cells incite initial responses, while their lower-affinity counterparts perpetuate autoimmunity. Precision treatments that target antigen-specific T cells hold promise for avoiding widespread immunosuppression. Nevertheless, detection of such antigen-specific T cells remains a challenge, and multiple technologies have been developed with different sensitivities while still harboring several drawbacks. In addition, elements such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and validation through animal models are pivotal for advancing these strategies. In brief, this review delves into the intricate mechanisms contributing to ADs, accentuating the pivotal role(s) of antigen-specific T cells in steering immune responses and disease progression, as well as the novel strategies for the identification of antigen-specific cells and their possible future use in humans. Grasping the mechanisms behind ADs paves the way for targeted therapeutic interventions, potentially enhancing treatment choices while minimizing the risk of systemic immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rojas
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Luke S Heuer
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Weici Zang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - William M Ridgway
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Aftab A Ansari
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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2
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Szabó E, Faragó A, Bodor G, Gémes N, Puskás LG, Kovács L, Szebeni GJ. Identification of immune subsets with distinct lectin binding signatures using multi-parameter flow cytometry: correlations with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380481. [PMID: 38774868 PMCID: PMC11106380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cell surface glycosylation can influence protein-protein interactions with particular relevance to changes in core fucosylation and terminal sialylation. Glycans are ligands for immune regulatory lectin families like galectins (Gals) or sialic acid immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs). This study delves into the glycan alterations within immune subsets of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Evaluation of binding affinities of Galectin-1, Galectin-3, Siglec-1, Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL, recognizing core fucosylation), and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA, specific for α-2,6-sialylation) was conducted on various immune subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from control and SLE subjects. Lectin binding was measured by multi-parameter flow cytometry in 18 manually gated subsets of T-cells, NK-cells, NKT-cells, B-cells, and monocytes in unstimulated resting state and also after 3-day activation. Stimulated pre-gated populations were subsequently clustered by FlowSOM algorithm based on lectin binding and activation markers, CD25 or HLA-DR. Results Elevated AAL, SNA and CD25+/CD25- SNA binding ratio in certain stimulated SLE T-cell subsets correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores. The significantly increased frequencies of activated AALlow Siglec-1low NK metaclusters in SLE also correlated with SLEDAI-2K indices. In SLE, activated double negative NKTs displayed significantly lower core fucosylation and CD25+/CD25- Siglec-1 binding ratio, negatively correlating with disease activity. The significantly enhanced AAL binding in resting SLE plasmablasts positively correlated with SLEDAI-2K scores. Conclusion Alterations in the glycosylation of immune cells in SLE correlate with disease severity, which might represent potential implications in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Szabó
- Institute of Genetics, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Faragó
- Astridbio Technologies Ltd, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Bodor
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School and Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Institute of Genetics, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Institute of Genetics, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School and Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Institute of Genetics, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Center, Szeged, Hungary
- Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Astridbio Technologies Ltd, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Ramirez GA, Tassi E, Noviello M, Mazzi BA, Moroni L, Citterio L, Zagato L, Tombetti E, Doglio M, Baldissera EM, Bozzolo EP, Bonini C, Dagna L, Manfredi AA. Histone-Specific CD4 + T Cell Plasticity in Active and Quiescent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:739-750. [PMID: 38111123 DOI: 10.1002/art.42778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether circulating histone-specific T cells represent tools for precision medicine in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Seroprevalence of autoantibodies and HLA-DR beta (DRB) 1 profile were assessed among 185 patients with SLE and combined with bioinformatics and literature evidence to identify HLA-peptide autoepitope couples for ex vivo detection of antigen-specific T cells through flow cytometry. T cell differentiation and polarization was investigated in patients with SLE, patients with Takayasu arteritis, and healthy controls carrying HLA-DRB1*03:01 and/or HLA-DRB1*11:01. SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 and Lupus Low Disease Activity State were used to estimate disease activity and remission. RESULTS Histone-specific CD4+ T cells were selectively detected in patients with SLE. Among patients with a history of anti-DNA antibodies, 77% had detectable histone-specific T cells, whereas 50% had lymphocytes releasing cytokines or upregulating activation markers after in vitro challenge with histone peptide antigens. Histone-specific regulatory and effector T helper (Th) 1-, Th2-, and atypical Th1/Th17 (Th1*)-polarized cells were significantly more abundant in patients with SLE with quiescent disease. In contrast, total Th1-, Th2-, and Th1*-polarized and regulatory T cells were similarly represented between patients and controls or patients with SLE with active versus quiescent disease. Histone-specific effector memory T cells accumulated in the blood of patients with quiescent SLE, whereas total effector memory T cell counts did not change. Immunosuppressants were associated with expanded CD4+ histone-specific naive T (TN) and terminally differentiated T cells. CONCLUSION Histone-specific T cells are selectively detected in patients with SLE, and their concentration in the blood varies with disease activity, suggesting that they represent innovative tools for patient stratification and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luca Moroni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Bonini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Morel L, Scindia Y. Functional consequence of Iron dyshomeostasis and ferroptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2024; 262:110181. [PMID: 38458303 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its renal manifestation Lupus nephritis (LN) are characterized by a dysregulated immune system, autoantibodies, and injury to the renal parenchyma. Iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the immune effectors and renal tubules are recently identified pathological features in SLE and LN. Ferroptosis is an iron dependent non-apoptotic form of regulated cell death and ferroptosis inhibitors have improved disease outcomes in murine models of SLE, identifying it as a novel druggable target. In this review, we discuss novel mechanisms by which iron accumulation and ferroptosis perpetuate immune cell mediated pathology in SLE/LN. We highlight intra-renal dysregulation of iron metabolism and ferroptosis as an underlying pathogenic mechanism of renal tubular injury. The basic concepts of iron biology and ferroptosis are also discussed to expose the links between iron, cell metabolism and ferroptosis, that identify intracellular pro-ferroptotic enzymes and their protein conjugates as potential targets to improve SLE/LN outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Morel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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5
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Ishina IA, Kurbatskaia IN, Mamedov AE, Shramova EI, Deyev SM, Nurbaeva KS, Rubtsov YP, Belogurov AA, Gabibov AG, Zakharova MY. Genetically engineered CD80-pMHC-harboring extracellular vesicles for antigen-specific CD4 + T-cell engagement. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1341685. [PMID: 38304104 PMCID: PMC10833362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1341685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of low-frequency antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is crucial for effective immunomonitoring across various diseases. However, this task still encounters experimental challenges necessitating the implementation of enrichment procedures. While existing antigen-specific expansion technologies predominantly concentrate on the enrichment of CD8+ T cells, advancements in methods targeting CD4+ T cells have been limited. In this study, we report a technique that harnesses antigen-presenting extracellular vesicles (EVs) for stimulation and expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. EVs are derived from a genetically modified HeLa cell line designed to emulate professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by expressing key costimulatory molecules CD80 and specific peptide-MHC-II complexes (pMHCs). Our results demonstrate the beneficial potent stimulatory capacity of EVs in activating both immortalized and isolated human CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our technique successfully expands low-frequency influenza-specific CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals. In summary, the elaborated methodology represents a streamlined and efficient approach for the detection and expansion of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, presenting a valuable alternative to existing antigen-specific T-cell expansion protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A. Ishina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna N. Kurbatskaia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Azad E. Mamedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Shramova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Deyev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Biomarker Research Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yury P. Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (NN Blokhin NMRCO), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Life Sciences, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Y. Zakharova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Rosenberger S, Undeutsch R, Akbarzadeh R, Ohmes J, Enghard P, Riemekasten G, Humrich JY. Regulatory T cells inhibit autoantigen-specific CD4 + T cell responses in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254176. [PMID: 38022661 PMCID: PMC10667723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Progressive loss of regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated control over autoreactive effector T cells contributes to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Accordingly, we hypothesized that Treg may also have the capacity to suppress the activation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells that are considered to drive autoimmunity. Methods To investigate whether Treg are involved in the control of autoreactive CD4+ T cells, we depleted CD25+ Treg cells either in vivo or in vitro, or combined both approaches before antigen-specific stimulation with the SLE-associated autoantigen SmD1(83-119) in the NZB/W F1 mouse model either after immunization against SmD1(83-119) or during spontaneous disease development. Frequencies of autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry using the activation marker CD154. Results Both in vitro and in vivo depletion of CD25+ Treg, respectively, increased the frequencies of detectable autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells by approximately 50%. Notably, the combined in vivo and in vitro depletion of CD25+ Treg led almost to a doubling in their frequencies. Frequencies of autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells were found to be lower in immunized haploidentical non-autoimmune strains and increased frequencies were detectable in unmanipulated NZB/W F1 mice with active disease. In vitro re-addition of CD25+ Treg after Treg depletion restored suppression of autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cell activation. Discussion These results suggest that the activation and expansion of autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells are partly controlled by Treg in murine lupus. Depletion of Treg therefore can be a useful approach to increase the detectability of autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells allowing their detailed characterization including lineage determination and epitope mapping and their sufficient ex vivo isolation for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rosenberger
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Reinmar Undeutsch
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reza Akbarzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Justus Ohmes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jens Y. Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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7
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Huang X, Liu Y, Ling G, Cao X. Mitochondrial Lon protease promotes CD4 + T cell activation by activating the cGAS-STING-TBK1 axis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110519. [PMID: 37531828 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which autoreactive CD4+ T cells play an essential role. We extracted CD4+ T cells from SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice to elaborate the mechanism of mitochondrial Lon protease in CD4+ T cell activation in SLE. Transcriptome sequencing was performed in SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice, and the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) related to SLE was obtained. It was demonstrated that STING expression was elevated in CD4+ T cells in SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice. The downstream genes and pathways of STING were predicted by GO and KEGG approaches. The data indicated that STING regulated IFN signaling to promote CD4+ T cell activation in SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice. Next, the interaction of cGAS, STING, TBK1, and IFN-I was verified by Co-IP assay. Moreover, the roles of cGAS, STING, and TBK1 in activating CD4+ T cells from SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice were evaluated using gain- or loss-of-function experiments. Mechanistically, cGAS upregulated the IFN-I signaling pathway by directly interacting with STING and TBK1, contributing to CD4+ T cell activation. Besides, cytosolic mtDNA could activate CD4+ T cell activation in SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice by upregulating the cGAS-STING-TBK1 axis. The function of mitochondrial Lon protease in oxidative damage and mtDNA release in CD4+ T cells of SLE-prone Fcgr2b-/- mice were explored. Mitochondrial Lon protease enhanced mtDNA release into the cytoplasm under oxidative stress. Collectively, our work indicates that mitochondrial Lon protease enhances CD4+ T cell activation by inducing mtDNA leakage and offers new candidate targets for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, 610041, PR China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guanghui Ling
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
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8
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Crow MK. Pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: risks, mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:999-1014. [PMID: 36792346 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Research elucidating the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has defined two critical families of mediators, type I interferon (IFN-I) and autoantibodies targeting nucleic acids and nucleic acid-binding proteins, as fundamental contributors to the disease. On the fertile background of significant genetic risk, a triggering stimulus, perhaps microbial, induces IFN-I, autoantibody production or most likely both. When innate and adaptive immune system cells are engaged and collaborate in the autoimmune response, clinical SLE can develop. This review describes recent data from genetic analyses of patients with SLE, along with current studies of innate and adaptive immune function that contribute to sustained IFN-I pathway activation, immune activation and autoantibody production, generation of inflammatory mediators and tissue damage. The goal of these studies is to understand disease mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets and stimulate development of therapeutics that can achieve improved outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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9
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Strobl J, Haniffa M. Functional heterogeneity of human skin-resident memory T cells in health and disease. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:104-119. [PMID: 37144705 PMCID: PMC10952320 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The human skin is populated by a diverse pool of memory T cells, which can act rapidly in response to pathogens and cancer antigens. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ) have been implicated in range of allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases. Clonal expansion of cells with TRM properties is also known to contribute to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Here, we review the heterogeneous phenotypes, transcriptional programs, and effector functions of skin TRM . We summarize recent studies on TRM formation, longevity, plasticity, and retrograde migration and contextualize the findings to skin TRM and their role in maintaining skin homeostasis and altered functions in skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Strobl
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteCambridgeUK
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research CentreNewcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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10
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Akhil A, Bansal R, Anupam K, Tandon A, Bhatnagar A. Systemic lupus erythematosus: latest insight into etiopathogenesis. Rheumatol Int 2023:10.1007/s00296-023-05346-x. [PMID: 37226016 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. Multifactorial interaction among various susceptible factors such as environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors makes it more heterogeneous and complex. Genetic and epigenetic modifications have been realized to regulate the immunobiology of lupus through environmental modifications such as diet and nutrition. Although these interactions may vary from population to population, the understanding of these risk factors can enhance the perception of the mechanistic basis of lupus etiology. To recognize the recent advances in lupus, an electronic search was conducted among search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed, where we found about 30.4% publications of total studies related to genetics and epigenetics, 33.5% publications related to immunobiology and 34% related to environmental factors. These outcomes suggested that management of diet and lifestyle have a direct relationship with the severity of lupus that influence via modulating the complex interaction among genetics and immunobiology. The present review emphasizes the knowledge about the multifactorial interactions between various susceptible factors based on recent advances that will further update the understanding of mechanisms involved in disease pathoetiology. Knowledge of these mechanisms will further assist in the creation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Akhil
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rohit Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kumari Anupam
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, BMS-Block II, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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11
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Song W, Jia P, Ren Y, Xue J, Zhou B, Xu X, Shan Y, Deng J, Zhou Q. Engineering white blood cell membrane-camouflaged nanocarriers for inflammation-related therapeutics. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:80-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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12
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Ginsberg P, Panzer U, Asada N. Tissue-resident memory T cells in renal autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111521. [PMID: 36756116 PMCID: PMC9899885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) reinterpreted the potential of human tissue-specific immunity. Following T cell receptor (TCR) activation and clonal expansion, effector T cells migrate to peripheral tissues where they remain long-term and differentiate to TRM cells after antigen clearance. This allows for prompt immunological responses upon antigen re-encounter. In addition to their protective properties in acute infections, recent studies have revealed that TRM cells might lead to aggravation of autoimmune diseases, such as lupus nephritis (LN) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (GN). These diseases present as proliferative and crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN), which is a life-threatening condition leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) if left untreated. A better understanding of renal TRM cells might lead to identifying new therapeutic targets for relapsing autoimmune diseases of the kidney. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of renal TRM cells and discuss their potential pathophysiological roles in renal autoimmune diseases.
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Impact of BNT162b2 mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on interferon-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and autoreactive T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: The COVALUS project. J Autoimmun 2023; 134:102987. [PMID: 36563528 PMCID: PMC9760608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the specific response of SLE patients to BNT162b2 vaccination and its impact on autoimmunity defined as in vivo production of interferon-alpha (IFNα) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and autoreactive immune responses. METHODS Our prospective study included SLE patients and healthy volunteers (HV) who received 2 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine 4 weeks apart. Subjects under immunosuppressive drugs or with evidence of prior COVID-19 were excluded. IgG anti-Spike SARS-CoV-2 (anti-S) antibodies, anti-S specific-B cells, anti-S specific T cells, in vivo INF-α production by pDCs, activation marker expression by pDCs and autoreactive anti-nuclear T cells were quantified before first injection, before second injection, and 3 and 6 months after first injection. RESULTS Vaccinated SLE patients produced significantly lower IgG antibodies and specific B cells against SARS-CoV-2 as compared to HV. In contrast, anti-S T cell response did not significantly differ between SLE patients and HV. Following vaccination, the surface expression of HLA-DR and CD86 and the in vivo production of IFNα by pDCs significantly increased in SLE patients. The boosted expression of HLA-DR on pDCs induced by BNT162b2 vaccine correlated with the overall immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 (anti-S antibodies: r = 0.27 [0.05-0.46], p = 0.02; anti-S B cells: r = 0.19 [-0.03-0.39], p = 0.09); anti-S T cells: r = 0.28 [0.05-0.47], p = 0.016). Eventually, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was associated with an overall decrease of autoreactive T cells (slope = - 0.00067, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION BNT162b2 vaccine induces a transient in vivo activation of pDCs in SLE that contributes to the immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Unexpectedly BNT162b2 vaccine also dampens the pool of circulating autoreactive T cells, suggesting that vaccination may have a beneficial impact on SLE disease.
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Abdelhamid L, Alajoleen R, Kingsmore KM, Cabana-Puig X, Lu R, Zhu J, Testerman JC, Li Y, Ross AC, Cecere TE, Reilly CM, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE, Luo XM. Hypovitaminosis A Drives the Progression of Tubulointerstitial Lupus Nephritis through Potentiating Predisease Cellular Autoreactivity. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:17-29. [PMID: 36637518 PMCID: PMC10563393 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) is observed in both humans and mice with lupus nephritis. However, whether VAD is a driving factor for accelerated progression of lupus nephritis is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of VAD on the progression of lupus nephritis in a lupus-prone mouse model, MRL/lpr. We initiated VAD either during gestation or after weaning to reveal a potential time-dependent effect. We found exacerbated lupus nephritis at ∼15 wk of age with both types of VAD that provoked tubulointerstitial nephritis leading to renal failure. This was concomitant with significantly higher mortality in all VAD mice. Importantly, restoration of VA levels after weaning reversed VAD-induced mortality. These results suggest VAD-driven acceleration of tubulointerstitial lupus nephritis. Mechanistically, at the earlier time point of 7 wk of age and before the onset of clinical lupus nephritis, continued VAD (from gestation until postweaning) enhanced plasma cell activation and augmented their autoantibody production, while also increasing the expansion of T lymphocytes that could promote plasma cell autoreactivity. Moreover, continued VAD increased the renal infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. VAD initiated after weaning, in contrast, showed modest effects on autoantibodies and renal plasmacytoid dendritic cells that were not statistically significant. Remarkably, analysis of gene expression in human kidney revealed that the retinoic acid pathway was decreased in the tubulointerstitial region of lupus nephritis, supporting our findings in MRL/lpr mice. Future studies will elucidate the underlying mechanisms of how VAD modulates cellular functions to exacerbate tubulointerstitial lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abdelhamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Razan Alajoleen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Xavier Cabana-Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - James C. Testerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and
| | - Thomas E. Cecere
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | | | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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Wang L, Yang Z, Yu H, Lin W, Wu R, Yang H, Yang K. Predicting diagnostic gene expression profiles associated with immune infiltration in patients with lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:839197. [PMID: 36532018 PMCID: PMC9755505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify potential diagnostic markers of lupus nephritis (LN) based on bioinformatics and machine learning and to explore the significance of immune cell infiltration in this pathology. Methods Seven LN gene expression datasets were downloaded from the GEO database, and the larger sample size was used as the training group to obtain differential genes (DEGs) between LN and healthy controls, and to perform gene function, disease ontology (DO), and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA). Two machine learning algorithms, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), were applied to identify candidate biomarkers. The diagnostic value of LN diagnostic gene biomarkers was further evaluated in the area under the ROC curve observed in the validation dataset. CIBERSORT was used to analyze 22 immune cell fractions from LN patients and to analyze their correlation with diagnostic markers. Results Thirty and twenty-one DEGs were screened in kidney tissue and peripheral blood, respectively. Both of which covered macrophages and interferons. The disease enrichment analysis of DEGs in kidney tissues showed that they were mainly involved in immune and renal diseases, and in peripheral blood it was mainly enriched in cardiovascular system, bone marrow, and oral cavity. The machine learning algorithm combined with external dataset validation revealed that C1QA(AUC = 0.741), C1QB(AUC = 0.758), MX1(AUC = 0.865), RORC(AUC = 0.911), CD177(AUC = 0.855), DEFA4(AUC= 0.843)and HERC5(AUC = 0.880) had high diagnostic value and could be used as diagnostic biomarkers of LN. Compared to controls, pathways such as cell adhesion molecule cam, and systemic lupus erythematosus were activated in kidney tissues; cell cycle, cytoplasmic DNA sensing pathways, NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, proteasome, and RIG-1-like receptors were activated in peripheral blood. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that diagnostic markers in kidney tissue were associated with T cells CD8 and Dendritic cells resting, and in blood were associated with T cells CD4 memory resting, suggesting that CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and dendritic cells are closely related to the development and progression of LN. Conclusion C1QA, C1QB, MX1, RORC, CD177, DEFA4 and HERC5 could be used as new candidate molecular markers for LN. It may provide new insights into the diagnosis and molecular treatment of LN in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Nephrology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hangxing Yu
- Nephrology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Nephrology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruoxi Wu
- Nephrology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Nephrology Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
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16
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Feng Y, Li Z, Xie C, Lu F. Correlation between peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations and primary systemic lupus erythematosus. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:839-845. [PMID: 36045722 PMCID: PMC9372708 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the correlation between peripheral blood CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, CD3-/CD16+ CD56+, and CD3-CD19+ and disease activity of different subtypes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The percentages of CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, CD3-/CD16+ CD56+, and CD3-CD19+ in the peripheral blood of patients (n = 80) classified into lupus nephritis, blood involvement, and joint involvement and SLE in different active stages were detected by flow cytometry. Their correlations with baseline clinical experimental indicators of SLE patients' SLE disease activity index score (SLEDAI) and complement C3 were analyzed. The results showed that CD3+, CD3+/CD4+, and CD3+/CD8+ at baseline level were negatively correlated with SLEDAI scores. These were positively correlated with C3. In conclusion, T-lymphocyte subpopulations are closely related to SLE activity and can be used as reference indicators to evaluate the SLE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huai Nan, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bangbu, China
| | - Changhao Xie
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bangbu, China
| | - Fanglin Lu
- Rheumatology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huai Nan, China
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17
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Regulation of activated T cell survival in rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:232-244. [PMID: 35075294 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune responses rely on the proliferation of T lymphocytes able to recognize and eliminate pathogens. The magnitude and duration of the expansion of activated T cell clones are finely regulated to minimize immunopathology and avoid autoimmunity. In patients with rheumatic autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, activated lymphocytes survive and exert effector functions for prolonged periods, defying the mechanisms that normally curb their capacities during acute and chronic infections. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that limit the duration of immune responses in health and discuss the factors that alter such regulation in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. We highlight defects that could contribute to the development and progression of autoimmune disease and describe how chronic inflammation can alter the regulation of activated lymphocyte survival, promoting its perpetuation. These concepts might contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the chronicity of inflammation in the context of autoimmunity.
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18
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Hou M, Wei Y, Zhao Z, Han W, Zhou R, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Yin L. Immuno-Engineered Nanodecoys for the Multi-Target Anti-Inflammatory Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108817. [PMID: 35044010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Overactivated T cells and overproduced pro-inflammatory cytokines form a self-amplified signaling loop to continuously exacerbate the dysregulated inflammatory response and propel the progression of autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Herein, immuno-engineered nanodecoys (NDs) based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles coated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-expressing macrophage membrane (PRM) are developed to mediate multi-target interruption of the self-promoted inflammatory cascade in AIDs. The PRM collected from IFN-γ-treated RAW 264.7 cells possesses elevated surface levels of adhesion molecule receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors, and, thus, systemically administered PRM NDs afford higher accumulation level in inflamed tissues and stronger scavenging efficiency toward multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. More importantly, IFN-γ treatment induces remarkable PD-L1 expression on PRM, thereby allowing PRM NDs to bind membrane-bound programmed death-1 (PD-1) on CD4+ T cell surfaces or neutralize free soluble PD-1, which reconstructs the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory axis to suppress CD4+ T cell activation and restore immune tolerance. As such, PRM NDs provoke potent and cooperative anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive efficacies to alleviate autoimmune damages in Zymosan A-induced arthritis mice and dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mice. This study provides an enlightened example for the immuno-engineering of cell-membrane-based NDs, rendering promising implications into the treatment of AIDs via multi-target immune-modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziyin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wenqing Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renxiang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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19
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Sharma RK, Boddul SV, Yoosuf N, Turcinov S, Dubnovitsky A, Kozhukh G, Wermeling F, Kwok WW, Klareskog L, Malmström V. Biased TCR gene usage in citrullinated Tenascin C specific T-cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24512. [PMID: 34972837 PMCID: PMC8720095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to search for common features in the autoreactive T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on the newly identified candidate antigen citrullinated Tenascin C (cit-TNC). Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood or synovial fluid of eight RA-patients positive for the RA-associated HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele were in-vitro cultured with recently identified citrullinated peptides from Tenascin C. Antigen-specific T cells were isolated using peptide-HLA tetramer staining and subsequently single-cell sequenced for paired alpha/beta TCR analyses by bioinformatic tools. TCRs were re-expressed for further studies of antigen-specificity and T cell responses. Autoreactive T cell lines could be grown out from both peripheral blood and synovial fluid. We demonstrate the feasibility of retrieving true autoreactive TCR sequences by validating antigen-specificity in T cell lines with re-expressed TCRs. One of the Tenascin C peptides, cit-TNC22, gave the most robust T cell responses including biased TCR gene usage patterns. The shared TCR-beta chain signature among the cit-TNC22-specific TCRs was evident in blood and synovial fluid of different patients. The identification of common elements in the autoreactive TCR repertoire gives promise to the possibility of both immune monitoring of the autoimmune components in RA and of future antigen- or TCR-targeted specific intervention in subsets of patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/etiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Autoimmunity
- Biomarkers
- Child
- Conserved Sequence
- Disease Susceptibility/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Male
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Tenascin/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Sharma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sanjay V Boddul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Niyaz Yoosuf
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sara Turcinov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anatoly Dubnovitsky
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Genadiy Kozhukh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - William W Kwok
- The Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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Schmidtke L, Meineck M, Saurin S, Otten S, Gather F, Schrick K, Käfer R, Roth W, Kleinert H, Weinmann-Menke J, Pautz A. Knockout of the KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein Drives Glomerulonephritis in MRL-Fas lpr Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3167. [PMID: 34831390 PMCID: PMC8624031 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is an RNA-binding protein that promotes mRNA decay and thereby negatively regulates cytokine expression at the post-transcriptional level. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated cytokine expression causing multiple organ manifestations; MRL-Faslpr mice are an established mouse model to study lupus disease pathogenesis. To investigate the impact of KSRP on lupus disease progression, we generated KSRP-deficient MRL-Faslpr mice (MRL-Faslpr/KSRP-/- mice). In line with the predicted role of KSRP as a negative regulator of cytokine expression, lupus nephritis was augmented in MRL-Faslpr/KSRP-/- mice. Increased infiltration of immune cells, especially of IFN-γ producing T cells and macrophages, driven by enhanced expression of T cell-attracting chemokines and adhesion molecules, seems to be responsible for worsened kidney morphology. Reduced expression of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist may be another reason for severe inflammation. The increase of FoxP3+ T cells detected in the kidney seems unable to dampen the massive kidney inflammation. Interestingly, lymphadenopathy was reduced in MRL-Faslpr/KSRP-/- mice. Altogether, KSRP appears to have a complex role in immune regulation; however, it is clearly able to ameliorate lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schmidtke
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Myriam Meineck
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sabrina Saurin
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Svenja Otten
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Fabian Gather
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Katharina Schrick
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Rudolf Käfer
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Julia Weinmann-Menke
- First Medical Department, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Andrea Pautz
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (L.S.); (S.S.); (S.O.); (F.G.); (K.S.); (R.K.); (H.K.)
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21
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Ramaswamy M, Tummala R, Streicher K, Nogueira da Costa A, Brohawn PZ. The Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of the Interferon Pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Other Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11286. [PMID: 34681945 PMCID: PMC8540355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic success in treating patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is limited by the multivariate disease etiology, multi-organ presentation, systemic involvement, and complex immunopathogenesis. Agents targeting B-cell differentiation and survival are not efficacious for all patients, indicating a need to target other inflammatory mediators. One such target is the type I interferon pathway. Type I interferons upregulate interferon gene signatures and mediate critical antiviral responses. Dysregulated type I interferon signaling is detectable in many patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases, and the extent of this dysregulation is associated with disease severity, making type I interferons therapeutically tangible targets. The recent approval of the type I interferon-blocking antibody, anifrolumab, by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with SLE demonstrates the value of targeting this pathway. Nevertheless, the interferon pathway has pleiotropic biology, with multiple cellular targets and signaling components that are incompletely understood. Deconvoluting the complexity of the type I interferon pathway and its intersection with lupus disease pathology will be valuable for further development of targeted SLE therapeutics. This review summarizes the immune mediators of the interferon pathway, its association with disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic modalities targeting the dysregulated interferon pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Ramaswamy
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.N.d.C.); (P.Z.B.)
| | - Raj Tummala
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA;
| | - Katie Streicher
- Translational Medicine, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA;
| | - Andre Nogueira da Costa
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.N.d.C.); (P.Z.B.)
| | - Philip Z. Brohawn
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (A.N.d.C.); (P.Z.B.)
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22
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Impaired Differentiation of Highly Proliferative ICOS +-Tregs Is Involved in the Transition from Low to High Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179501. [PMID: 34502409 PMCID: PMC8430608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulations in the differentiation of CD4+-regulatory-T-cells (Tregs) and CD4+-responder-T-cells (Tresps) are involved in the development of active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Three differentiation pathways of highly proliferative inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS)+- and less proliferative ICOS--CD45RA+CD31+-recent-thymic-emigrant (RTE)-Tregs/Tresps via CD45RA-CD31+-memory-Tregs/Tresps (CD31+-memory-Tregs/Tresps), their direct proliferation via CD45RA+CD31--mature naïve (MN)-Tregs/Tresps, and the production and differentiation of resting MN-Tregs/Tresp into CD45RA-CD31--memory-Tregs/Tresps (CD31--memory-Tregs/Tresps) were examined in 115 healthy controls, 96 SLE remission patients, and 20 active disease patients using six color flow cytometric analysis. In healthy controls an appropriate sequence of these pathways ensured regular age-dependent differentiation. In SLE patients, an age-independently exaggerated differentiation was observed for all Treg/Tresp subsets, where the increased conversion of resting MN-Tregs/Tresps particularly guaranteed the significantly increased ratios of ICOS+-Tregs/ICOS+-Tresps and ICOS--Tregs/ICOS--Tresps during remission. Changes in the differentiation of resting ICOS+-MN-Tresps and ICOS--MN-Tregs from conversion to proliferation caused a significant shift in the ratio of ICOS+-Tregs/ICOS+-Tresps in favor of ICOS+-Tresps and a further increase in the ratio of ICOS--Tregs/ICOS--Tresps with active disease. The differentiation of ICOS+-RTE-Tregs/Tresps seems to be crucial for keeping patients in remission, where their limited production of proliferating resting MN-Tregs may be responsible for the occurrence of active disease flares.
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Mohd Shukri ND, Farah Izati A, Wan Ghazali WS, Che Hussin CM, Wong KK. CD3 +CD4 +gp130 + T Cells Are Associated With Worse Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675250. [PMID: 34149710 PMCID: PMC8213373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptors for IL-35, IL-12Rβ2 and gp130, have been implicated in the inflammatory pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. In this study, we set out to investigate the serum IL-35 levels and the surface levels of IL-12Rβ2 and gp130 in CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD4─ and CD3─CD4─ lymphocyte subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (n=50) versus healthy controls (n=50). The potential T cell subsets associated with gp130 transcript (i.e. IL6ST) expression in CD4+ T cells of SLE patients was also examined in publicly-available gene expression profiling (GEP) datasets. Here, we report that serum IL-35 levels were significantly higher in SLE patients than healthy controls (p=0.038) but it was not associated with SLEDAI-2K scores. The proportions of IL-12Rβ2+ and gp130+ cells in SLE patients did not differ significantly with those of healthy controls in all lymphocyte subpopulations investigated. Essentially, higher SLEDAI-2K scores were positively correlated with increased proportion of gp130+ cells, but not IL-12Rβ2+ cells, on CD3+CD4+ T cells (r=0.425, p=0.002, q=0.016). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) of a GEP dataset of CD4+ T cells isolated from SLE patients (n=8; GSE4588) showed that IL6ST expression was positively associated with genes upregulated in CD4+ T cells vs myeloid or B cells (q<0.001). In an independent GEP dataset of CD4+ T cells isolated from SLE patients (n=9; GSE1057), IL6ST expression was induced upon anti-CD3 stimulation, and that Treg, TCM and CCR7+ T cells gene sets were significantly enriched (q<0.05) by genes highly correlated with IL6ST expression (n=92 genes; r>0.75 with IL6ST expression) upon anti-CD3 stimulation in these SLE patients. In conclusion, gp130 signaling in CD3+CD4+ T cell subsets may contribute to increased disease activity in SLE patients, and it represents a promising therapeutic target for inhibition in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Diyana Mohd Shukri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Farah Izati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Wan Syamimee Wan Ghazali
- Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Che Maraina Che Hussin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia.,Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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24
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Bonasia CG, Abdulahad WH, Rutgers A, Heeringa P, Bos NA. B Cell Activation and Escape of Tolerance Checkpoints: Recent Insights from Studying Autoreactive B Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051190. [PMID: 34068035 PMCID: PMC8152463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive B cells are key drivers of pathogenic processes in autoimmune diseases by the production of autoantibodies, secretion of cytokines, and presentation of autoantigens to T cells. However, the mechanisms that underlie the development of autoreactive B cells are not well understood. Here, we review recent studies leveraging novel techniques to identify and characterize (auto)antigen-specific B cells. The insights gained from such studies pertaining to the mechanisms involved in the escape of tolerance checkpoints and the activation of autoreactive B cells are discussed. In addition, we briefly highlight potential therapeutic strategies to target and eliminate autoreactive B cells in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo G. Bonasia
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (W.H.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Wayel H. Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (W.H.A.); (A.R.)
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands;
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (W.H.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicolaas A. Bos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 Groningen, GZ, The Netherlands; (C.G.B.); (W.H.A.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Ryan GE, Harris JE, Richmond JM. Resident Memory T Cells in Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652191. [PMID: 34012438 PMCID: PMC8128248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) are a critical component of the immune system, providing the body with an immediate and highly specific response against pathogens re-infecting peripheral tissues. More recently, however, it has been demonstrated that TRM cells also form during autoimmunity. TRM mediated autoimmune diseases are particularly destructive, because unlike foreign antigens, the self-antigens are never cleared, continuously activating self-reactive TRM T cells. In this article, we will focus on how TRMs mediate disease in autoimmune skin conditions, specifically vitiligo, psoriasis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata and frontal fibrosing alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E. Ryan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Jillian M. Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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26
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Tesch S, Abdirama D, Grießbach AS, Brand HA, Goerlich N, Humrich JY, Bacher P, Hiepe F, Riemekasten G, Enghard P. Identification and characterization of antigen-specific CD4 + T cells targeting renally expressed antigens in human lupus nephritis with two independent methods. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21312. [PMID: 33277543 PMCID: PMC7718878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for anti-renal autoreactivity in human lupus nephritis, we stimulated blood-derived CD4+ T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with various kidney lysates. Although only minor responses were detectable, these experiments led to the development of a search algorithm that combined autoantibody association with human lupus nephritis and target gene expression in inflamed kidneys. Applying this algorithm, five potential T cell antigens were identified. Blood-derived CD4+ T cells were then stimulated with these antigens. The cells were magnetically enriched prior to measurement with flow cytometry to facilitate the detection of very rare autoantigen-specific cells. The detected responses were dominated by IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells. Additionally, IL-10-producing CD4+ T cells were found. In a next step, T cell reactivity to each single antigen was independently evaluated with T cell libraries and [3H]-thymidine incorporation assays. Here, Vimentin and Annexin A2 were identified as the main T cell targets. Finally, Vimentin reactive T cells were also found in the urine of three patients with active disease. Overall, our experiments show that antigen-specific CD4+ T cells targeting renally expressed antigens arise in human lupus nephritis and correlate with disease activity and are mainly of the Th1 subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tesch
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimas Abdirama
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophie Grießbach
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Antonia Brand
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Goerlich
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Y Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Petra Bacher
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel and Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp Enghard
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany. .,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Xie Y, Liu B, Wu Z. Increased interleukin-9 levels in skin lesions from cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients may predict the progression to systemic lupus erythematosus. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:78-80. [PMID: 33172731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyi Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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