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Sun H, Feng Y, Tu S, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang S, Hou Y, Shao Y, Ai H, Chen Z. Dopamine promotes osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by activating DRD1 and DRD2 during orthodontic tooth movement via ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Regen Ther 2024; 27:268-278. [PMID: 38617443 PMCID: PMC11015103 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) involves complex interactions between mechanical forces and periodontal tissue adaptation, mainly mediated by periodontal ligament cells, including periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter known for its critical role in bone metabolism, is investigated in this study for its potential to enhance osteogenic differentiation in PDLSCs, which are pivotal in OTM. This study examined the potential of DA to facilitate OTM by binding to DA receptors (D1R and D2R) and activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. We propose that DA's interaction with these receptors on PDLSCs could enhance osteogenic differentiation, thereby accelerating bone remodeling and reducing the duration of orthodontic treatments, which offering a novel approach to improve clinical outcomes in orthodontic care. Methods This study utilized a rat OTM model, micro-CT, histological analyses, and in vitro assays to investigate dopamine's effect on osteogenesis. PDLSCs were cultured and treated with DA, and cytotoxicity, osteogenic differentiation, gene and protein expression assessed. Results Dopamine administration significantly increased trabecular bone density and osteogenic marker expression in an OTM rat model. In vitro, DA at 10 nM optimally promoted human PDLSCs osteogenesis without affecting proliferation. Blocking DA receptors or inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway attenuated these effects, underscoring the importance of dopaminergic signaling in tension-induced osteogenesis during OTM. Conclusion Taken together, our study reveals that local dopamine administration at a concentration of 10 nM not only enhances tension-induced osteogenesis in vivo but also significantly promotes osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in vitro through D1 and D2 receptor-mediated ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jianwu Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiaming Wei
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuluan Hou
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yiting Shao
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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Zhao Z, Tarce M, Georgopoulou M, Zong C, Van Holm W, Attanasio C, Pedano MS, de Llano-Pérula MC. Periodontal Ligament Reactions to Orthodontic Force: A Transcriptomic Study on Maxillary and Mandibular Human Premolars. J Periodontal Res 2024. [PMID: 39385439 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Orthodontic force (OF) induces a variety of reactions in the periodontal ligament (PDL) that could potentially account for individual variability regarding orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). This study investigates the transcriptomic profile of human PDL tissue subjected to OF in vivo for 7 and 28 days, additionally comparing the differences between maxillary and mandibular PDL. METHODS Healthy patients requiring orthodontic premolar extractions were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (CG) where no OF was applied, 7 days and 28 days, where premolars were extracted either 7 or 28 days after the application of a 50-100 g OF. Total RNA was extracted from the PDL tissue and analyzed via RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using a false discovery rate and fold change threshold of < 0.05 and ≥ 1.5 respectively. Functional and Protein-Protein Interaction analysis were performed. RESULTS After 7 days of OF, the reaction of PDL to OF is characterized by cell responses to stress, increased bone resorption, inflammation and immune response, and decreased bone formation. In contrast, after 28 days, bone regeneration is more prominent, and processes of bone homeostasis, immune response, and cell migration are present. The response of maxillary and mandibular PDL was different. Bone resorption was observed in the maxilla at 7 and 28 days, while in the mandible expression of cell proliferation and transcriptional activity were predominant after 28 days of OF. CONCLUSIONS The early reaction of the PDL to OF corresponds with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. After 28 days, bone formation became more prominent. The maxillary and mandibular PDL present asynchronous responses during OTM. These findings enhance our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the origin-specific responses of PDL to different lengths of OF, which is potentially relevant in the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuodong Zhao
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mihai Tarce
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Periodontology & Oral Microbiology, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maria Georgopoulou
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wannes Van Holm
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Periodontology & Oral Microbiology, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catia Attanasio
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Disease, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariano Simón Pedano
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Endodontics and BIOMAT, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula
- Department of Oral Health Sciences-Orthodontics, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Peng B, Wang L, Han G, Cheng Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: a potential cell-free therapy for orthodontic tooth stability management. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:342. [PMID: 39354604 PMCID: PMC11446149 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic relapse (OR) occurs at a rate of over 70%. Retention is the current attempt at prevention, but it requires a considerable amount of time and cannot fully block OR. It's imperative to find a safe and effective method for managing post-orthodontic tooth stability. Periodontal bone remodeling is one crucial biological foundation of OR. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) show promise in relapse management by regulating periodontal bone remodeling. MSC-Exo can prevent relapse by regulating periodontal ligament function, osteoclast activity, osteoblast differentiation, macrophage polarization, and periodontal microcirculation. In recent years, exosome-loaded hydrogels, which achieve controlled exosome release, have demonstrated efficacy in promoting bone regeneration and remodeling, offering promising prospects for OR management. This review aims to highlight the use of MSC-Exo-based therapy for preventing OR, offering new insights for future research focused on improving tooth stability and enhancing orthodontic anchorage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No.237, Luo Yu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, 430079, China
| | - Lianhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No.237, Luo Yu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, 430079, China
| | - Guangli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No.237, Luo Yu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, 430079, China.
- Department of Orthodontics Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, No.237, Luo Yu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan City, 430079, China.
- Department of Oral Radiology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Costa LNC, de Paula TP, Zazula MF, Naliwaiko K, Nassar CA, Bertolini GRF, Torrejais MM, Ribeiro LDFC, Costa RM. Maternal periodontitis potentiates monosodium glutamate-obesity damage on Wistar offspring's fast-glycolytic muscle. Oral Dis 2024; 30:4705-4720. [PMID: 38316639 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of magnifying the damage caused by obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, using a model of maternal periodontitis, on the structure of the anterior tibialis muscle of the offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (n = 6), obese (n = 6), control with periodontitis (n = 6) and obese with periodontitis (n = 6). At 78 days of life, the rats were mated with males without any experimental intervention. The offspring of these rats (n = 1/L), at 120 days of life, were weighed and measured, then euthanized. Plasma was collected for analysis of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α. Adipose tissues were collected and weighed, and the anterior tibial muscle was designated for histomorphological analyses (n = 6/group). RESULTS Monosodium glutamate offspring showed significant muscle changes, such as a reduction in the size of fibres and neuromuscular junctions, and an increase in the nucleus and capillaries. However, all these changes were more expressed in monosodium glutamate-obese with periodontitis offspring. CONCLUSION This leads us to suggest a magnifying effect promoted by periodontitis to the damage already well described by monosodium glutamate-obesity, determined by low-intensity inflammation, causing greater muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liziane Nunes Conrad Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thayná Petry de Paula
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matheus Felipe Zazula
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Katya Naliwaiko
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Nassar
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini
- Laboratório de Estudo de Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcia Miranda Torrejais
- Laboratório Experimental de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rose Meire Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
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Wang Q, Wang X, Chen Y, Pan J. Dual role of Sfrp4 in bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 39319631 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine changes in gene expression by establishing an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rat model with appropriate and excessive orthodontic force. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a closed coil nickel-titanium spring, the OTM was carried out to apply a mesial force of 50 or 100 g to the maxillary first molars. Micro-CT, histological and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the bone formation at the tension site and the bone resorption and bone formation at pressure site. Then RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed. RESULTS According to the results of the Mirco-CT scan of OTM rat models, both the 50 g group and the 100 g group showed variable degrees of reduction in alveolar bone density on the tension and pressure sides. The results of histological and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the periodontal tissue and osteogenic ability of the 50 g group were restored at the 14 days, while the 100 g group caused severe periodontal tissue damage. The GO and KEGG analysis results, as well as the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), varied depending on the loading time and value of appliance, according to the results of the RNA sequencing. And the immunohistochemical staining results showed that Sfrp4 functioned by efficiently influencing both bone formation and bone absorption. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate orthodontic force value could cause appropriate movement of teeth in rats without adverse periodontal damage. Simultaneously, distinct gene expression patterns were observed at various force levels and time intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sabbagh H, Dotzer B, Baumert U, Hötzel L, Seidel CL, Wichelhaus A. Biomechanical simulation of segmented intrusion of a mandibular canine using Robot Orthodontic Measurement & Simulation System (ROSS). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 160:106720. [PMID: 39244992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to investigate the forces and moments during segmented intrusion of a mandibular canine using Cantilever-Intrusion-Springs (CIS). METHODS Three different CIS modifications were investigated using a robotic biomechanical simulation system: unmodified CIS (#1, control), CIS with a lingual directed 6° toe-in bend (#2), and CIS with an additional 20° twist bend (#3). Tooth movement was simulated by the apparative robotic stand, controlled by a force-control algorithm, recording the acting forces and moments with a force-torque sensor. Statistical analysis was performed using Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). RESULTS The initial intrusive force, which was uniformly generated by a 35° Tip-Back bend, decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 0.31 N in group (#1) to 0.28 N in group (#3). Vestibular crown tipping reduced significantly (p < 0.05) from 2.11° in group (#1) and 1.72° in group (#2) to 0.05° in group (#3). Matching to that the direction of orovestibular force significantly (p < 0.05) shifted from 0.15 N to vestibular in group (#1) to 0.51 N to oral in group (#3) and the orovestibular tipping moment decreased also significantly (p < 0.05) from 4.63 Nmm to vestibular in group (#1) to 3.56 Nmm in group (#2) and reversed to 1.20 Nmm to oral in group (#3). Apart from that the orovestibular displacement changed significantly (p < 0.05) from 0.66 mm in buccal direction in group (#1) to 0.29 mm orally in group (#2) and 1.49 mm in oral direction as well in group (#3). SIGNIFICANCE None of the modifications studied achieved pure mandibular canine intrusion without collateral effects. The significant lingual displacement caused by modification (#3) is, not least from an aesthetic perspective, considered much more severe than a slight tipping of the canine. Consequently, modification (#2) can be recommended for clinical application based on the biomechanical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Sabbagh
- LMU University Hospital, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goethesstrasse 70, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Dotzer
- LMU University Hospital, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goethesstrasse 70, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- LMU University Hospital, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goethesstrasse 70, Munich, Germany
| | - Linus Hötzel
- LMU University Hospital, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goethesstrasse 70, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Lesley Seidel
- LMU University Hospital, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goethesstrasse 70, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- LMU University Hospital, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Goethesstrasse 70, Munich, Germany
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Alsulaiman AA, Alsulaiman OA. Accelerated Orthodontics: A Descriptive Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 50 Cited Articles from 2012 to 2023. Clin Pract 2024; 14:1716-1736. [PMID: 39311287 PMCID: PMC11417789 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Accelerated orthodontics represents a significant shift in dental practice aimed at reducing treatment times while maintaining optimal patient outcomes. This bibliometric analysis evaluated the research landscape of accelerated orthodontics from 2012 to 2023, focusing on publication trends, citation patterns, influential journals, leading institutions, and key contributors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive search in Scopus identified 600 relevant articles, with the top 50 most-cited papers encompassing systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and experimental studies. Key techniques, such as corticotomy and piezocision, have been frequently highlighted for their effectiveness in expediting tooth movement. RESULTS The analysis revealed fluctuating annual scientific outputs, with notable peaks driven by technological advancements and increased patient demand for quicker orthodontic solutions. However, the production of high-impact papers was hindered by delays in citation accumulation and disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Keyword analysis identified critical themes, such as orthodontic tooth movement, malocclusion, and demographic factors, while a global collaboration map underscored extensive international research partnerships. Leading journals included the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, and prominent institutions such as the University of California at Los Angeles played significant roles in advancing the field. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of accelerated orthodontics, emphasizing the need for continued research, particularly RCTs, to further refine and validate accelerated orthodontic techniques and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Alsulaiman
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 32222, Saudi Arabia;
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Flatten J, Gedrange T, Bourauel C, Keilig L, Konermann A. The Role of Bone and Root Resorption on the Biomechanical Behavior of Mandibular Anterior Teeth Subjected to Orthodontic Forces: A Finite Element Approach. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1959. [PMID: 39335473 PMCID: PMC11428348 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12091959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to systematically evaluate the biomechanical impact of varying degrees of root and bone resorption resulting from periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on the mandibular anterior teeth. The objective was to determine whether these distinct resorption patterns exert a specific influence on tooth displacement and strain patterns. METHODS A finite element (FE) model of an idealized anterior mandible from the first premolar in the third to the fourth quadrant was developed without bone or root resorption and a constant periodontal ligament (PDL) thickness of 0.2 mm. Variations included three root resorption levels (0%, 20%, 50%) and three bone resorption types (circular 50%, circular 80%, vestibular 80%). Models ranged from 200,000 to 440,000 elements and 55,000 to 130,000 nodes. Orthodontic forces, namely root torque (5 Nmm), intrusion (0.2 N), and distalization (0.5 N) were applied for subsequent crown displacement and PDL strain analysis. RESULTS A total of 180 simulations were performed. Simulations showed that displacement was similar across different bone resorption conditions, irrespective of modeled root resorptions. Circumferential bone resorption increased tooth displacement, regardless of root resorption status. Vestibular bone resorption exhibited less increase in tooth displacement. However, when accompanied by root resorption, the combination exacerbated tooth displacement. Strains in the PDL clearly increased with a circumferential bone resorption of 80%. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the critical role of bone resorption in tooth displacement during OTM, particularly the challenges associated with circumferential resorption. Clinicians must consider both bone and root resorption for personalized medicine treatment of patients with severe periodontitis, in favor of low-force application strategies to optimize outcomes and minimize complications linked to excessive tooth displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Flatten
- Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomasz Gedrange
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ludger Keilig
- Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Preclinical Education and Materials Science, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Konermann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
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Zhao Y, Qian S, Zheng Z, Peng J, Liu J, Guan X, Liao C. Consideration of hormonal changes for orthodontic treatment during pregnancy and lactation - a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:106. [PMID: 39164703 PMCID: PMC11334371 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-024-01281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes in pregnant and lactating women significantly affect bone metabolism and overall stress levels, positioning them as a unique group within the orthodontic population. Fluctuations in estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and other hormones are closely linked to bone remodeling and the periodontal tissue's response to inflammation caused by dental plaque. Hormones such as thyrotropin, leptin, and melatonin also play crucial roles in pregnancy and bone remodeling, with potential implications for orthodontic tooth movement. Additionally, adverse personal behaviors and changes in dietary habits worsen periodontal conditions and complicate periodontal maintenance during orthodontic treatment. Notably, applying orthodontic force during pregnancy and lactation may trigger stress responses in the endocrine system, altering hormone levels. However, these changes do not appear to adversely affect the mother or fetus. This review comprehensively examines the interaction between hormone levels and orthodontic tooth movement in pregnant and lactating women, offering insights to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Shengqi Qian
- Department of Stomatology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, No.23 Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Zhijun Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Juxiang Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, No.253 Jiefang Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 550002, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No.143 Dalian Road, Huichuan District, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China.
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China.
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Pascoal S, Monteiro F, Oliveira S, Simoni A, Carvalho Ó, Pinho T. Biomodulation effects induced by ultrasound stimulation in periodontal cells implicated in orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024. [PMID: 39127913 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is increasingly important for shorter treatment times, which reduces periodontal risks, root resorption and dental caries. Techniques to accelerate OTM focus on stimulating bone remodelling by enhancing osteoclast and osteoblast activity and include both surgical and non-surgical methods. The therapeutic potential of ultrasounds is highly recognized among many medical areas and has shown promising results in modulating bone remodelling and inflammation phenomena. This systematic review aims to collect and analyse the current scientific in vitro and ex vivo evidence on ultrasound stimulation (US) bioeffects in cells implicated in tooth movement. This review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Sixteen articles were selected and included in this review. The revised studies suggest that US of 1.0 and 1.5 MHz, delivered at 30 mW/cm2, 10 to 30 min daily over three to 14 days seems to be effective in promoting osteoclastogenic activity, while US of 1.5 MHz, 30 to 90 mW/cm2, in 5- to 20-min sessions delivered daily for 5 to 14 days exhibits the potential to stimulate osteogenic activity and differentiation. Previous research yielded varied evidence of the effectiveness of US in orthodontics. Future animal studies should employ the recommended US parameters and investigate how distinct protocols can differentially impact tissue remodelling pathways. The knowledge arising from this review will ultimately potentiate the application of US to accelerate OTM in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Pascoal
- UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Francisca Monteiro
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sofia Oliveira
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Arianna Simoni
- University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO - Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
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11
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Cicek O, Arslan D. Effect of Fixed and Removable Functional Therapy on Mandibular Anterior Bone Structures: A Fractal Analysis Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1713. [PMID: 39202201 PMCID: PMC11353851 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background and aim: The effects of functional therapies on dentoalveolar and skeletal structures have been investigated in orthodontics for many years. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the changes caused by fixed and removable functional therapy in the mandibular anterior trabecular structures using fractal dimension (FD) analysis. (2) Methods: A total of 60 patients with skeletal and dental class II malocclusion were included in the study and three groups were formed: the untreated control group (CG), the Forsus fatigue-resistant device group (FFRDG), and the Monoblock group (MBG). Bone areas of interest determined in the buccoapical of the mandibular incisors and the symphysis in the lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before (T0) and after (T1) functional therapy were evaluated using FD analysis. The relationship between the FD and IMPA (Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle) angles was evaluated. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used in statistical analysis according to normality distribution. The statistical significance level was determined as p < 0.05. (3) Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the FD values of all groups at T0 (p > 0.05). At T1, buccoapical FD values were significantly lower in FFRDG and MBG compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while symphyseal FD values were not found to be significant (p > 0.05). The IMPA angle was significantly lower in the FFRDG and MBG than in the control group at T0, while it was higher at T1 (p < 0.05). While a significant negative correlation was observed between the IMPA angle and buccoapical FD values in both FFRDG and MBG (p < 0.05), it was not observed with the symphysis FD values (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Trabecular changes caused by functional therapy in the mandibular anterior bone can be evaluated on lateral cephalometric radiographs with FD analysis. It was concluded that orthodontists should ensure controlled changes in the IMPA angle during functional therapy, especially for the decreases in FDs seen in the buccoapical alveolar region due to the forward movement of the mandibular incisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Cicek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak 67600, Türkiye;
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Wang Z, Du S, Zhu H, Yi K, Tang Z, Li Q. A finite element analysis of periodontal ligament fluid mechanics response to occlusal loading based on hydro-mechanical coupling model. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:106008. [PMID: 38781742 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Considering fluid stimulation is one of the essential biomechanical signals for periodontal tissues, this study aims to characterizing fluid mechanics response during occlusal loading by a hydro-mechanical coupling model for periodontal ligament. DESIGN Models simulating periodontium with normal bone height and with intraosseous defects were built with three mechanical modules: tooth, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Tooth was modeled as linear elastic, and periodontal ligament and alveolar bone as a hydro-mechanical coupling model. Transient analyses under dynamic occlusal loading were performed. Fluid dynamics within periodontal ligament space was simulated and visualized by post-processing module. RESULTS Reciprocating oscillatory flow occurred within the periodontal ligament under occlusal loading. Higher pore pressure and fluid velocity were observed in furcation and apical regions compared to mid-root and cervical regions. Intraosseous defects increased pore pressure and fluid velocity within the periodontal ligament, most significantly near the defect. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the hydro-mechanical coupling model, significant oscillatory fluid motion is observed within the periodontal ligament under occlusal loading. Particularly, higher fluid velocity is evident in the furcation and apical areas. Additionally, Intraosseous defects significantly enhance fluid motion within the periodontal ligament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Wang
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Sa Du
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Huilin Zhu
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Ke Yi
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing
| | - Zhihui Tang
- Second Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing.
| | - Qing Li
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No.22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China.
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Moreno MC, Cavalcante GRG, Pirih FQ, Soares VDP, Klein KP, da Silveira ÉJD, da Silva JSP, Lins RDAU, de Araujo AA, Lopes MLDDS, Pereira HSG. Caffeine induces alveolar bone loss in rats submitted to orthodontic movement via activation of receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB, receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB ligand, and osteoprotegerin pathway. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 166:148-159. [PMID: 38762812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caffeine is a widely consumed substance with several effects on bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the bone tissue of rats submitted to orthodontic movement. METHODS Twenty-five male Wistar rats underwent orthodontic movement (21 days) of the first permanent maxillary molars on the left side. The experimental group (caffeine; n = 13) and control group (n = 12) received caffeine and water, respectively, by gavage. Microcomputed tomography was performed to analyze orthodontic movement. Histologic analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate and osteoclast count by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were conducted. Maxilla tissue was evaluated for receptor activator of nuclear factor ҡB (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Caffeine exhibited a lower bone volume/tissue volume ratio (78.09% ± 5.83%) than the control (86.84% ± 4.89%; P <0.05). Inflammatory infiltrate was increased in the caffeine group compared with the control group (P <0.05). A higher number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells was observed in the caffeine (9.67 ± 1.73) than in the control group (2.66 ± 0.76; P <0.01). Immunoexpression of RANK and RANKL in the caffeine group was greater than the control (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The use of caffeine thermogenic induces alveolar bone loss in rats submitted to orthodontic movement via activation of RANK, RANKL, and osteoprotegerin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cabral Moreno
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Queiroz Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Vanessa de Paula Soares
- Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Éricka Janine Dantas da Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Sandro Pereira da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ruthinéia Diógenes Alves Uchoa Lins
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araujo
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biophysical and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Diniz de Sousa Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Hallissa Simplício Gomes Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Frazão DR, Né YGDS, Ferreira MKM, Fagundes NCF, Marañón-Vásquez G, Maia LC, Pithon MM, Lima RR. Changes in biomarkers levels from gingival crevicular fluid in pre- and postmenopausal women undergoing orthodontic treatment : A systematic review. J Orofac Orthop 2024; 85:223-232. [PMID: 38451263 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-024-00519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to verify whether there is a difference in biomarker levels in the gingival crevicular fluid between premenopausal and postmenopausal women undergoing orthodontic treatment. METHODS As eligibility criteria, prospective or retrospective observational studies evaluating women undergoing orthodontic treatment (P), comparing postmenopausal (E) and premenopausal (C) women, and analyzing differences in gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers (O) were included. An electronic search was conducted in seven databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and EBSCO: Dentistry & Oral Science) and one grey literature source (Google Scholar). All databases were searched from September 2022 to March 2023. After duplicate exclusion and data extraction, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was applied to assess the quality and risk of bias, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to verify the certainty of evidence. RESULTS Three case-control studies that analyzed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‑B ligand (RANKL), osteopontin (OPN), and interleukin (IL)-17A levels were included. One study reported a significant difference for RANKL and another for OPN levels. A third study reported that there was a higher expression of IL17‑A in the postmenopausal group. However, the small number of articles limits our systematic review. The heterogeneity and imprecision in the study results cast doubt on the findings' internal validity. CONCLUSION The studies reported alterations in biomarker levels but differed in their conclusions. Therefore, further studies must include other types of bone and inflammatory biomarkers in female patients who are pre- or postmenopausal and undergoing orthodontic treatment. REGISTRATION The review was registered at the Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Q9YZ8 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street n°1, Campus do Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Yago Gecy de Souza Né
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street n°1, Campus do Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street n°1, Campus do Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nathália Carolina Fernandes Fagundes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street n°1, Campus do Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Guido Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Melo Pithon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Orthodontics, State University of the Southwest of Bahia, Jéquie, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Corrêa street n°1, Campus do Guamá, 66075-900, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Cuylear DL, Fu ML, Chau JC, Kharbikar B, Kazakia GJ, Jheon A, Habelitz S, Kapila SD, Desai TA. Calcium phosphate nanoclusters modify periodontium remodeling and minimize orthodontic relapse. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.29.605671. [PMID: 39131336 PMCID: PMC11312518 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.29.605671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Orthodontic relapse is one of the most prevalent concerns of orthodontic therapy. Relapse results in patients' teeth reverting towards their pretreatment positions, which increases the susceptibility to functional problems, dental disease, and substantially increases the financial burden for retreatment. This phenomenon is thought to be induced by rapid remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in the early stages and poor bone quality in the later stages. Current therapies, including fixed or removable retainers and fiberotomies, have limitations with patient compliance and invasiveness. Approaches using biocompatible biomaterials, such as calcium phosphate polymer-induced liquid precursors (PILP), is an ideal translational approach for minimizing orthodontic relapse. Here, post-orthodontic relapse is reduced after a single injection of high concentration PILP (HC-PILP) nanoclusters by altering PDL remodeling in the early stage of relapse and improving trabecular bone quality in the later phase. HC-PILP nanoclusters are achieved by using high molecular weight poly aspartic acid (PASP, 14 kDa) and poly acrylic acid (PAA, 450 kDa), which resulted in a stable solution of high calcium and phosphate concentrations without premature precipitation. In vitro results show that HC-PILP nanoclusters prevented collagen type-I mineralization, which is essential for the tooth-periodontal ligament (PDL)-bone interphase. In vivo experiments show that the PILP nanoclusters minimize relapse and improve the trabecular bone quality in the late stages of relapse. Interestingly, PILP nanoclusters also altered the remodeling of the PDL collagen during the early stages of relapse. Further in vitro experiments showed that PILP nanoclusters alter the fibrillogenesis of collagen type-I by impacting the protein secondary structure. These findings propose a novel approach for treating orthodontic relapse and provide additional insight into the PILP nanocluster's structure and properties on collagenous structure repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnell L. Cuylear
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Moyu L. Fu
- School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Justin C. Chau
- School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bhushan Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Galateia J. Kazakia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Jheon
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), CA, United States
| | - Sunil D. Kapila
- Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Graduate Program in Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), Berkeley, CA, United States
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Luo D, Wang S, Gao L, Chen X. Research progress on labial protuberances of anterior teeth in orthodontic treatment. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024:1-8. [PMID: 39183065 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2024-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment is a commonly utilized method for improving both facial aesthetics and occlusal function. During orthodontic treatment irregular, nodular labial protuberances on the labial side of the anterior teeth may occasionally occur, varying in number and size, which is closely connected to the differential bone remodeling patterns on the internal and external surfaces of the labial alveolar bone. Labial protuberances can not only affect the aesthetic results of orthodontic treatment, but also pose potential risks to periodontal health. Currently, it is believed that the influencing factors of the formation of the labial protuberances may be related to the patient's gender and age, tooth movement speed, and extent of anterior teeth retraction. Labial protuberances typically resolve spontaneously, however, if it is persistent, alveoloplasty may be necessary for treatment. This review provides a summary on the occurrence hypothesis, influencing factors of formation, potential biological mechanisms, and corresponding treatment methods of labial protuberances during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwen Luo
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research, Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Sijie Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research, Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research, Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research, Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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He L, Zhang W, Liu J, Pan Y, Li S, Xie Y. Applications of nanotechnology in orthodontics: a comprehensive review of tooth movement, antibacterial properties, friction reduction, and corrosion resistance. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:72. [PMID: 39054528 PMCID: PMC11270802 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has contributed important innovations to medicine and dentistry, and has also offered various applications to the field of orthodontics. Intraoral appliances must function in a complex environment that includes digestive enzymes, a diverse microbiome, mechanical stress, and fluctuations of pH and temperature. Nanotechnology can improve the performance of orthodontic brackets and archwires by reducing friction, inhibiting bacterial growth and biofilm formation, optimizing tooth remineralization, improving corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of metal substrates, and accelerating or decelerating orthodontic tooth movement through the application of novel nanocoatings, nanoelectromechanical systems, and nanorobots. This comprehensive review systematically explores the orthodontic applications of nanotechnology, particularly its impacts on tooth movement, antibacterial activity, friction reduction, and corrosion resistance. A search across PubMed, the Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar yielded 261 papers, of which 28 met our inclusion criteria. These selected studies highlight the significant benefits of nanotechnology in orthodontic devices. Recent clinical trials demonstrate that advancements brought by nanotechnology may facilitate the future delivery of more effective and comfortable orthodontic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwen He
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yuemei Pan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Simin Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yueqiang Xie
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Boulevard, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Rennekampff HO, Rennekampff I, Tenenhaus M. Dental health concerns for patients suffering from facial, peri-oral burns, and inhalation injury: A persistent yet underappreciated challenge. Burns 2024:S0305-4179(24)00226-2. [PMID: 39317532 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Demographic data reveal a correlative relationship between facial burns and profoundly impaired dental health, while inhalation injury correlates with a high Periodontal Screening and Recording Index, both of which significantly reduce quality of life for the burn injury patient. Despite these facts, few if any burn centers surveyed in the U.S. or Germany enlist specialized services and well-defined follow-up protocols for patients who might well be at risk. Facial burns represent a severe injury, the consequence of which may tragically lead to significant and long lasting functional, esthetic, and psychological sequelae such as perioral scarring, deformity and microstomia. Inhalation injury from inhaled heated air, gas, and chemical exposure are well-known causes of early as well as late airway injury, morbidity, and death. Thermal injury patterns to perioral-related and dental structures is increasingly being recognized. This review delineates current burn-related dental health pathology and when available the underlying causation. These findings may help guide future research as well as therapeutic strategies to improve dental health and outcome for our patients.
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Li N, Wang J, Feng G, Liu Y, Shi Y, Wang Y, Chen L. Advances in biomaterials for oral-maxillofacial bone regeneration: spotlight on periodontal and alveolar bone strategies. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae078. [PMID: 39055303 PMCID: PMC11272181 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate nature of oral-maxillofacial structure and function, coupled with the dynamic oral bacterial environment, presents formidable obstacles in addressing the repair and regeneration of oral-maxillofacial bone defects. Numerous characteristics should be noticed in oral-maxillofacial bone repair, such as irregular morphology of bone defects, homeostasis between hosts and microorganisms in the oral cavity and complex periodontal structures that facilitate epithelial ingrowth. Therefore, oral-maxillofacial bone repair necessitates restoration materials that adhere to stringent and specific demands. This review starts with exploring these particular requirements by introducing the particular characteristics of oral-maxillofacial bones and then summarizes the classifications of current bone repair materials in respect of composition and structure. Additionally, we discuss the modifications in current bone repair materials including improving mechanical properties, optimizing surface topography and pore structure and adding bioactive components such as elements, compounds, cells and their derivatives. Ultimately, we organize a range of potential optimization strategies and future perspectives for enhancing oral-maxillofacial bone repair materials, including physical environment manipulation, oral microbial homeostasis modulation, osteo-immune regulation, smart stimuli-responsive strategies and multifaceted approach for poly-pathic treatment, in the hope of providing some insights for researchers in this field. In summary, this review analyzes the complex demands of oral-maxillofacial bone repair, especially for periodontal and alveolar bone, concludes multifaceted strategies for corresponding biomaterials and aims to inspire future research in the pursuit of more effective treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayun Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Devices and Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Devices and Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Devices and Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Devices and Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yunsong Shi
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Devices and Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Devices and Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Medical Devices and Equipment, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Pastille E, Konermann A. Exploring the role of innate lymphoid cells in the periodontium: insights into immunological dynamics during orthodontic tooth movement. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1428059. [PMID: 39021572 PMCID: PMC11251940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1428059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The periodontal ligament (PDL) experiences considerable mechanical stresses between teeth and bone, vital for tissue adaptation, especially in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). While recent research emphasizes the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in regulating sterile inflammation, their involvement in periodontal tissues during OTM remains largely unexplored. Methods In this study, PDL tissues from orthodontic patients (n = 8) were examined using flow cytometry to detect ILC subtypes. Transwell co-culture systems were used to expose PDL cells to mechanical strain, followed by measuring migration and ratios of sorted ILC subtypes. Statistical analyses were conducted using paired Student's t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's post-test and one-way/two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-test (p≤ 0.05; **, p≤ 0.01; ***, p≤ 0.001). Results Our findings demonstrate a significant increase in CD127+ CD161+ ILC frequencies in PDL tissues during OTM, indicating ILC involvement in sterile inflammation induced by orthodontic forces. Co-culture assays show directed migration of ILC subsets towards PDL cells and substantial proliferation and expansion of ILCs. Conclusions This study is the first to comprehensively investigate the role of ILCs in sterile inflammation during OTM, revealing their presence and distribution within PDL tissues' innate immune response in vivo, and exploring their migratory and proliferative behavior in vitro. The results suggest a crosstalk between ILCs and PDL cells, potentially influencing the inflammatory response and tissue remodeling processes associated with OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pastille
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Konermann
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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21
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Sagar S, Ramani P, Moses S, Gheena S, Selvaraj J. Correlation of salivary cytokine IL-17A and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Odontology 2024; 112:966-975. [PMID: 38319548 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The management of malocclusion has developed greatly in terms of treatment simulation and biomechanics, but treatment duration has been a great concern to the clinician as well as the patient. 1-25dihydroxycholecalciferol (biologically active form of Vitamin D) stimulates both osteoclasts and osteoblasts and was found to be the most significant in Orthodontic Tooth Movement acceleration. Inflammatory cytokines like IL-17A also play an important role in osteoclastogenesis and can enhance the rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement.To perform a simultaneous evaluation of pro-inflammatory salivary cytokine IL-17A and salivary 1-25dihydroxycholecalciferol and to correlate their role on orthodontic tooth movement.A prospective cohort study was conducted among n = 97 patients. Saliva samples were collected from the patients at three phases of the orthodontic treatment, centrifuged and stored at 4℃ for evaluation of salivary 1-25dihydroxycholecalciferol levels and Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17A using ELISA.The mean salivary 1-25dihydoxycholecalciferol levels were 41.250 ng/ml, 33.246 ng/ml and 35.043 ng/ml during the initial phase, lag phase and post lag phase of orthodontic treatment. The mean pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 A levels were 107.79 pg/ml, 102.98 pg/ml and 66.156 pg/ml during the initial phase, lag phase and post lag phase of orthodontic treatment. There was a correlation between the salivary 1-25dihydroxycholecalciferol level and salivary cytokine IL-17A levels during the various phases of orthodontic treatment using Spearman's correlation rho test and linear regression analysis. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between 1-25dihydroxycholecalciferol levels and gender during the various phases (initial phase, lag phase and post lag phase) of Orthodontic treatment.There was a negative correlation between salivary 1-25dihydroxycholecalciferol level and salivary cytokine IL-17A levels during the various phases of orthodontic treatment. The level of 1-25dihydroxycholecalciferol and salivary cytokine IL-17A have been quantified during the various phases of Orthodontic treatment and this can be used clinically for the supplementation of Vitamin D in patients with low vitamin D levels and can enhance the treatment duration for the patient with less damaging effects to the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sagar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Sagar Moses
- Sagars Dental Clinic and Orthodontic Centre, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Gheena
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - J Selvaraj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Mai ZH, Huang JH, Peng ZL, Pan YJ, Sun ZW, Ai H. miR-20a: a key regulator of orthodontic tooth movement via BMP2 signaling pathway modulation. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:304-312. [PMID: 38922815 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2024.2365201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we aimed to establish a rat tooth movement model to assess miR-20's ability in enhancing the BMP2 signaling pathway and facilitate alveolar bone remodeling. METHOD 60 male SD rats had nickel titanium spring devices placed between their left upper first molars and incisors, with the right side serving as the control. Forces were applied at varying durations (18h, 24h, 30h, 36h, 42h, 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d, 14d), and their bilateral maxillary molars and surrounding alveolar bones were retrieved for analysis. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was conducted to assess miR-20a, BMP2, Runx2, Bambi and Smad6 gene expression in alveolar bone, and western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of BMP2, Runx2, Bambi, and Smad6 after mechanical loading. RESULT We successfully established an orthodontic tooth movement model in SD rats and revealed upregulated miR-20a expression and significantly increased BMP2 and Runx2 gene expression and protein synthesis in alveolar bone during molar tooth movement. Although Bambi and Smad6 gene expression did not significantly increase, their protein synthesis was found to decrease significantly. CONCLUSION MiR-20a was found to be involved in rat tooth movement model alveolar bone remodeling, wherein it promoted remodeling by reducing Bambi and Smad6 protein synthesis through the BMP2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Mai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Hua Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Stomatology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao, China
| | - Zhu-Li Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Jun Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Devi A, Rao SJ, Kedia E, Grover S, Das D, Sachdeva HS. Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Endodontically Treated Teeth. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S2797-S2799. [PMID: 39346200 PMCID: PMC11426846 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_429_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This research has been conducted to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment on endodontically treated tooth. Materials and Methods Overall, fifty subjects had been recruited. The participants received root canal therapy within 3 months as well as had an appointment for fixed orthodontic therapy. All candidates underwent an intraoral investigation. Radiographic evaluation as well as therapy planning were completed. Fixed orthodontic therapy had been initiated. All of the participants had been recalled. Endodontically restored teeth had been evaluated. All outcomes were assessed via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results In this study, there were 25 males and 25 females. Pulp stones were seen in 15 subjects. Apical periodontitis was seen in nine subjects. Apical root resorption was seen in seven subjects, and enamel decalcification was seen in four subjects. Overall, 35 out of 50 subjects showed negative effects of orthodontic treatment on endodontically treated teeth. Conclusion Excessive orthodontic force may result in increased pulp and peri-apical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Devi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, MMCDSR, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Srerama J. Rao
- Department of Dental Surgery, Government Medical College, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Esha Kedia
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Private Practioner, Muskaan Multispeciality Dental Hospital, Khamgaon, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sheetal Grover
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debojyoti Das
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Harmeet S. Sachdeva
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College and Research Center, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India
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Maduratna E, Sari DS, Rahayu RP, Masya RN, Adinar N. The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Nigella sativa Toothpaste on Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria Through Decreased TNF-α, MMP-9, PGE-2 Expression in Wistar Rats. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:808-814. [PMID: 38744331 PMCID: PMC11290913 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main principle in preventing periodontal disease is to improve oral hygiene. The bacteria that cause the onset of periodontal disease, one of which is the Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterium, causes inflammation. Persistent inflammation causes tissue damage and alveolar bone resorption by secreting proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2), and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this case, preventive treatment is needed, such as using toothpaste that contains anti-inflammatories so that the progression of the disease does not get worse. The traditional ingredient currently being developed is Nigella sativa, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study analyzes the potential of toothpaste containing Nigella sativa on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MMP-9, and PGE-2 in the Wistar rat model induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. This study aims to prove the potential of Nigella sativa toothpaste to decrease the expression of PGE-2, TNF-α, and MMP-9 in the gingiva of rats induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five healthy male Wistar rats were used, consisting of the negative control group, which was only injected with Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria ATCC3322. The positive control group was given enzyme toothpaste, and the treatment group was assigned 1 mg of Nigella sativa paste using a microbrush for 30 seconds on the gingiva incisors mandibular with a circular motion, given two times a day for a week. Immunohistochemical to see the expression of TNF-α, PGE-2, and MMP-9. Parametric comparative analysis using a one-way analysis of variance test was performed to analyze differences between groups. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Nigella sativa toothpaste significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, as seen through the expression of TNF-α, PGE-2, and MMP-9 on days 3, 5, and 7 (p <0.05). CONCLUSION In the limit of studied animal model, this trial indicates that giving toothpaste with black seed extract (Nigella sativa) could inhibit inflammatory mediators, as seen from the decreased expression of MMP-9, TNF-α, and PGE-2 seen from the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie Maduratna
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Desi Sandra Sari
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Retno Puji Rahayu
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Resgita Nadila Masya
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Noor Adinar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gonçalves A, Mathelié-Guinlet Q, Ramires F, Monteiro F, Carvalho Ó, Silva FS, Resende AD, Pinho T. Biological alterations associated with the orthodontic treatment with conventional appliances and aligners: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32873. [PMID: 39021939 PMCID: PMC11253224 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background&objectives Mechanical forces applied during an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) propel several biochemical and molecular responses in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Here, we compile the existing clinical and preclinical evidence on these biological changes, aiming to provide a comprehensive discussion on the influence of the mechanical parameters of the OTM in the biological profile of the periodontium. Material and methods This systematic integrative review was conducted according to PICOS strategy and PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was performed in three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to find research articles published until 2023 and written in English. This search resulted in a total of 2279 publications, which were independently assessed by two evaluators using appropriate tools. Results Forty-six studies were selected for this review. These revealed that compression, and stretching of the periodontal ligament fibers and cells are observed in the initial phase of the OTM. Specifically, on the tension side, high levels of IL-1β, OPG, and TIMPs are identified. On the compression side, an increase of RANKL, RANK, and MMPs levels predominate. Conclusion This paper describes the release profile of common biomarkers according to the orthodontic protocol, suggesting the most appropriate parameters to keep the teeth and their supporting structures healthy. Overall, this manuscript provides a better understanding of the OTM-associated biological phenomena, also highlighting the importance of early evaluation of oral health, and thus it contributes as a fundamental basis for the development of more effective and safe orthodontic treatments with conventional appliances and aligners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Gonçalves
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Quitterie Mathelié-Guinlet
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ramires
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Francisca Monteiro
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS – Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Albina D. Resende
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS - CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO – Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
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Poghosyan D, Grigoryan D, Ter-Poghosyan D, Gunaveerasekaran G, Dara S, Ter-Poghosyan H. The efficiency of a customized distalizer with Variety SP® screws anchored on palatal miniscrews for upper molar distalization. Dental Press J Orthod 2024; 29:e2423253. [PMID: 38865515 PMCID: PMC11163959 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.29.2.e2423253.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of a customized distalizer with Variety SP® screws anchored on palatal miniscrews for upper molar distalization. METHODS Seventeen patients aged between 12.5 and 24 years underwent distalization with a customized distalizer. Lateral cephalogram and cast analysis were performed before and after distalization. Linear and angular parameters of the upper first molar, first premolar, and central incisor were assessed. RESULTS Distalization with the force passing near the center of resistance (CRes) of the upper first molars resulted in distal movement, with minimal distal tipping (2.8 ± 0.45°, p< 0.05). However, distalization passing occlusal to the CRes led to greater distal tipping (13.6 ± 1.63°, p< 0.05). Statistically significant spontaneous distal tipping and distal movement of the upper first premolars occurred, with a mean of 6.2 ± 1.24° (p< 0.05) and 0.68 ± 0.34 mm (p< 0.05), respectively. The positional change of the upper central incisors presented a mean of -0.23 ± 0.1 mm (p> 0.05) and 2.65 ± 1.1° (p< 0.05). Upper first molar intrusion was statistically significant, with a mean of 0.88 ± 0.2 mm (p< 0.05). Upper right and left first molars rotation towards palatal midline presented mean of 4.1 ± 0.19° (p< 0.05) and 3.4 ± 0.1° (p< 0.05), respectively. Additionally, the distance between upper right and left first molars increased significantly, with a mean of 2.54 ± 0.01 mm (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The study successfully demonstrated the efficiency of molar distalization without anchorage loss using a customized distalizer anchored on palatal miniscrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Poghosyan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Yerevan, Armenia)
| | - Davit Grigoryan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Yerevan, Armenia)
| | - Diana Ter-Poghosyan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Yerevan, Armenia)
| | - Gokulraj Gunaveerasekaran
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Yerevan, Armenia)
| | - Swasa Dara
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Yerevan, Armenia)
| | - Hrant Ter-Poghosyan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics (Yerevan, Armenia)
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Caragiuli M, Candelari M, Zalunardo F, Bruno G, De Stefani A, Brunzini A, Mandolini M. Effects of Oral Appliances for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Reduced Periodontium: A Finite Element Analysis. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00139-4. [PMID: 38839530 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the literature, no studies correlate the effects of mandibular advancement devices (MADs) with different titration systems to periodontitis. Through a finite element analysis (FEA), this study investigates the effects generated on periodontal ligaments (PDLs) and teeth by four commercial MADs in periodontal health and with 15% bone resorption. METHODS Four MADs (Somnodent Flex™, Somnodent Avant™, Orthoapnea™, and Herbst™) were digitalised starting from the impressions of a patient's dental arches. A force of 11.18 N, representing an advancement of 9.5 mm, was applied, and a FEA was subsequently performed. After measuring the stresses and displacements on the PDLs and teeth in healthy periodontal conditions, the vertical dimension of the alveolar bone was reduced by 15%, and measurements were repeated. RESULTS In terms of PDL stress, Herbst™ is the device which guarantees a more uniform increment in case of the first stage of periodontitis (+7% for mandibular and maxillary PDLs compared to the healthy condition). For Somnodent™ devices, the PDLs stress increment is almost null for mandibular PDLs but much higher than Herbst™ for maxillary PDLs (+17% and +21% for Flex™ and Avant™). Orthoapnea™ determines a PDL stress augmentation between the other devices (+16% and +7%, respectively, for maxillary and mandibular PDLs). Concerning teeth movement, Herbst™ and Orthoapnea™ determine a lower and more uniform displacement than Somnodent devices. CONCLUSIONS The stress distribution and teeth displacement are strictly related to MAD geometry. Since its minor effects on teeth and PDLs, the Herbst™ could be more appropriate in patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manila Caragiuli
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Mara Candelari
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Zalunardo
- Department of Neuroscience, Dental Clinic, Section of Dentistry, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Dental Clinic, Section of Dentistry, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Industrial Engineering, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto De Stefani
- Department of Neuroscience, Dental Clinic, Section of Dentistry, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Agnese Brunzini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Mandolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Alrehaili R, Alhujaili A, Alharbi S, Alharbi L, Alharbi W, Alkhattabi R, Alkhateeb D, Albisher R, Hakami A, Khalil A. Medications and Orthodontic Tooth Movement: What Accelerates and Diminishes Tooth Movement? Cureus 2024; 16:e61840. [PMID: 38975539 PMCID: PMC11227369 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological aspect of orthodontic tooth movement is influenced by the magnitude and duration of the applied force. This initiates signaling cascades essential for bone remodeling, which involve activating various cell signaling pathways that enhance the metabolism of the periodontal ligament, leading to localized bone resorption and deposition. This process facilitates tooth movement on the pressure side and promotes healing on the tension side. The remodeling associated with orthodontic tooth movement is an inflammatory reaction involving mediators. Key components in this process include hormones, systemic influences, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, specific cytokines like interleukin 1, colony-stimulating factors, calcium, collagenase, and prostaglandins, all of which are essential for the biological adjustments necessary for tooth movement. Medications that influence molecular pathways critical for the homeostasis of periodontal tissues or that affect changes during orthodontic tooth movement and clastic cell regulation can potentially modulate tooth movement. With the recent increase in prescription medication use, it is essential for clinicians to be aware of medication consumption in prospective patients and understand its potential impact on orthodontic treatment. This review aimed to explore the effects of commonly prescribed medications on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement, thoroughly review the existing evidence on this topic, and identify potential areas for future research.
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Ozcelik F, Ersahan S, Sirin DA, Ozçelik IK, Hepsenoglu YE, Karip B. The importance of mechanosensitive cell mediated prostaglandin and nitric oxide synthesis in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis: comparative with chronic periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:337. [PMID: 38795217 PMCID: PMC11127815 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechano-sensitive odontoblast cells, which sense mechanical loading and various stresses in the tooth structure, synthesize early signaling molecules such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) as an adaptive response. It is thought that these synthesized molecules can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal and periapical diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of apical periodontitis (AP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) and serum (s) TNF-α, IL-10, PGE2 and NO levels, as well as PGE2 and NO levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 185 subjects were divided into three categories: AP group (n = 85), CP group (n = 50) and healthy control group (n = 50). The AP group was divided into 3 subgroups according to abscess scoring (AS-PAI 1, 2 and 3) based on the periapical index. The CP group was divided into 4 subgroups according to the periodontitis staging system (PSS1, 2,3 and 4). After recording the demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants, serum (s) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were taken. TNF-α, IL-10, PGE2 and NO levels were measured in these samples. RESULTS Unlike serum measurements (sTNF-α, sIL-10, sNO and sPGE2), GCF-NO and GCF-PGE levels of the AP group were significantly higher than the control group in relation to abscess formation (54.4 ± 56.3 vs. 22.5 ± 12.6 µmol/mL, p < 0.001 and 100 ± 98 vs. 41 ± 28 ng/L, p < 0.001, respectively). Confirming this, the GCF-NO and GCF-PGE levels of the AS-PAI 1 group, in which abscesses have not yet formed, were found to be lower than those in AS-PAI 2 and 3, which are characterized by abscess formation [(16.7(3.7-117.8), 32.9(11.8-212.8) and 36.9(4.3-251.6) µmol/mL, p = 0,0131; 46.0(31.4-120.0), 69.6(40.3-424.2) and 74.4(32.1-471.0) ng/L, p = 0,0020, respectively]. Consistent with the increase in PSS, the levels of sTNF [29.8 (8.2-105.5) vs. 16.7(6.3-37.9) pg/mL, p < 0.001], sIL-10 [542(106-1326) vs. 190(69-411) pg/mL, p < 0.001], sNO [182.1(36.3-437) vs. 57.0(15.9-196) µmol/mL, p < 0.001], sPGE2 [344(82-1298) vs. 100(35-1178) ng/L, p < 0.001], GCF-NO [58.9 ± 33.6 vs. 22.5 ± 12.6 ng/L, p < 0.001] and GCF-PGE2 [ 99(37-365) vs. 30(13-119), p < 0.001] in the CP group were higher than the control group. Comparison ROC analysis revealed that the GCF-PGE2 test had the best diagnostic value for both AP and CP (sensitivity: 94.1 and 88.0; specificity: 64.0 and 78.0, respectively; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS GCF-PE2 and GCF-NO have high diagnostic value in the determination of AP and CP, and can be selected as targets to guide treatment. In addition, the measurements of PGE2 and NO in GCF can be used as an important predictor of pulpal necrosis leading to abscess in patients with AP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this article, it is reported that syntheses of early signaling molecules such as PGE2 and NO can be used for the diagnosis and treatment target of periapical and periodontal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ozcelik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences Turkiye, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Seyda Ersahan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dursun Ali Sirin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Yelda Erdem Hepsenoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Burak Karip
- Department of Anatomy (Dentist), Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkiye, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Ravelo V, Olate G, Brito L, Sacco R, Olate S. Tooth movement with dental anchorage vs. skeletal anchorage: A systematic review of clinical trials. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:25. [PMID: 38784081 PMCID: PMC11114462 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_4_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the time and movement of orthodontic treatment using dental anchorage and skeletal anchorage in adolescent and adult patients with dental malocclusions. A systematic search was conducted in the Embase, PubMed, Lilacs, Cochrane, Trip, and Scopus databases up to October 2022. All the articles were selected using title and abstract, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disagreements were resolved with a third author. Finally, a full-text selection took place. The data extraction was conducted by two authors who independently evaluated the risk of bias. The methodological quality of the randomized clinical trials was evaluated using the Cochrane tool for the evaluation of the randomized clinical trials. Six articles were included in the data analysis. There were four clinical trials and two randomized clinical trials. A total of 176 patients was obtained with an age range between 14 and 46 years. Four studies showed significant differences when comparing the two anchorages in retraction or distalization of tooth groups, and two showed no differences when using dental and skeletal anchorage for vertical movements; only the articles with vertical movements showed relapse. We can conclude that skeletal anchorage generates precise and stable horizontal movements without overloading or changing the position of the molar. Future studies must incorporate three-dimensional technology for greater clinical accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Ravelo
- Grupo de Investigación de Pregrado en Odontontología (GIPO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Gabriela Olate
- Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ) (CEMyQ), Manchester, UK
| | - Leonardo Brito
- Grupo de Investigación de Pregrado en Odontontología (GIPO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
- Doctoral Program in Morphological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Manchester, UK
| | - Roberto Sacco
- School of Medical Sciences, Oral Surgery Department, The University of Manchester Division of Dentistry, Manchester, UK
- Oral Surgery Department, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sergio Olate
- Center of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Studies (CEMyQ) (CEMyQ), Manchester, UK
- Division of Oral, Facial and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental School, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Xu X, Wang J, Xia Y, Yin Y, Zhu T, Chen F, Hai C. Autophagy, a double-edged sword for oral tissue regeneration. J Adv Res 2024; 59:141-159. [PMID: 37356803 PMCID: PMC11081970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery of impaired oral tissue. As a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, autophagy induction regulates stem cell function physiologically and pathologically. Autophagy activation can serve as a cytoprotective mechanism in stressful environments, while insufficient or over-activation may also lead to cell function dysregulation and cell death. AIM OF REVIEW This review focuses on the effects of autophagy on stem cell function and oral tissue regeneration, with particular emphasis on diverse roles of autophagy in different oral tissues, including periodontal tissue, bone tissue, dentin pulp tissue, oral mucosa, salivary gland, maxillofacial muscle, temporomandibular joint, etc. Additionally, this review introduces the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during the regeneration of different parts of oral tissue, and how autophagy can be regulated by small molecule drugs, biomaterials, exosomes/RNAs or other specific treatments. Finally, this review discusses new perspectives for autophagy manipulation and oral tissue regeneration. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Overall, this review emphasizes the contribution of autophagy to oral tissue regeneration and highlights the possible approaches for regulating autophagy to promote the regeneration of human oral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Faming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Huang J, Jiang H, Wang H, Xue Q, Hu M, Li Y. Aucubin produces anti-osteoporotic effects under mechanical stretch stress and orthodontic tooth movement. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110955. [PMID: 38492842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Aucubin (AU), an iridoid glycoside extracted from Eucommia ulmoides, exerts anti-osteoporotic effects by promoting osteogenesis, as reported in previous studies. Here, we investigated the effects of AU under mechanical stretch stress. MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with dexamethasone (DEX) in vitro and subjected to mechanical stretch stress to establish an osteoporotic orthodontic force cell model. AU treatment increased the mRNA and protein expressions of BMP2, OPN, RUNX2, COL-1 and other osteogenic differentiation factors in MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, we established an in vivo orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model of osteoporosis. Serum parameter detection of ALP concentration, radiography of the femur, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and micro-CT of the maxilla confirmed that AU could partially reverse the damage induced by DEX. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed that AU increased the expression of COL-1, OCN, and OPN on the tension side of the periodontium. In conclusion, AU treatment promotes osteogenic differentiation under mechanical stretch stress and positively affects bone remodeling during OTM in DEX-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamiao Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Qing Xue
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, 130021, China; School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Zhang M, Zhang P, Koh JT, Oh MH, Cho JH. Evaluation of Aligners and Root Resorption: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1950. [PMID: 38610714 PMCID: PMC11012294 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the current evidence on clear aligners and root resorption using 3D and/or combined 2D and 3D methods from available systematic reviews and meta-analyses and to determine the relationship between root resorption and clear aligners using the AMSTAR 2 tool. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of systematic reviews investigating aligners and root resorption, published up until 31 December 2022, was conducted. The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, and LILACS. There were no language restrictions. The inclusion criteria were restricted to studies focusing on root resorption utilizing either 3D methods exclusively or a combination of 2D and 3D techniques. Data were screened and analyzed for quality using the "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2)" tool. Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors. The gathered information was categorized and synthesized narratively based on the primary findings elucidated within the reviews. Results: Out of a total of 1221 potentially eligible studies initially identified, 4 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria following the exclusion of irrelevant studies. Among these, two systematic reviews (50%) were classified as low-quality, while the remaining two (50%) were deemed to be of critically low quality. Conclusions: Based on the findings of four systematic reviews, the root resorption rate was lower with the use of clear aligners than with fixed aligners. It is advisable to approach the interpretation of this conclusion with caution, as the quality of the available evidence is assessed to be very low. Higher quality systematic reviews are needed to substantiate this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Hee Oh
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental 4D Research Institute, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Hyoung Cho
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental 4D Research Institute, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
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Kamran MA. Salivary and crevicular fluid proinflammatory cytokines and advanced glycation end products in patients with different glycemic levels undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2024; 94:233-239. [PMID: 37939794 PMCID: PMC10893931 DOI: 10.2319/052823-382.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether patients with different blood glycemic levels undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy demonstrate changes in the biochemical profiles of crevicular fluid and salivary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and proinflammatory cytokine levels in comparison with nondiabetic healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prediabetic subjects, subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and subjects without a diabetes mellitus diagnosis undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy with MBT prescription brackets (0.022-inch brackets and 0.019 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwires) were included in the study. The following clinical periodontal parameters were evaluated: (1) plaque score (PS), (2) probing depth (PD), (3) bleeding on probing (BOP), and (4) clinical attachment loss. Crevicular fluid and saliva specimens were collected during regular orthodontic visits. Salivary and crevicular fluid tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, ghrelin, resistin, AGEs, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand were evaluated using a human magnetic Luminex multiplex assay. RESULTS BOP scores were significantly higher among T2DM subjects (19.2%) than among nondiabetic subjects (11.2%) and prediabetic subjects (15.9%). Comparable values were demonstrated by all three study groups regarding PD scores and PSs. T2DM subjects demonstrated higher scores for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) chemokines than nondiabetic and prediabetic subjects. A statistically significant difference was found in the levels of AGEs and resistin among the three study groups. The scores revealed for the levels of GCF resistin and AGEs versus periodontal BOP demonstrated a significant positive association by the Pearson correlation test. CONCLUSIONS T2DM patients demonstrated significantly higher levels of GCF resistin and AGEs during fixed orthodontic therapy. Chronic hyperglycemic patients undergoing orthodontic therapy demonstrated a proinflammatory response.
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Wang S, Ko CC, Chung MK. Nociceptor mechanisms underlying pain and bone remodeling via orthodontic forces: toward no pain, big gain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1365194. [PMID: 38455874 PMCID: PMC10917994 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1365194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic forces are strongly associated with pain, the primary complaint among patients wearing orthodontic braces. Compared to other side effects of orthodontic treatment, orthodontic pain is often overlooked, with limited clinical management. Orthodontic forces lead to inflammatory responses in the periodontium, which triggers bone remodeling and eventually induces tooth movement. Mechanical forces and subsequent inflammation in the periodontium activate and sensitize periodontal nociceptors and produce orthodontic pain. Nociceptive afferents expressing transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) play central roles in transducing nociceptive signals, leading to transcriptional changes in the trigeminal ganglia. Nociceptive molecules, such as TRPV1, transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1, acid-sensing ion channel 3, and the P2X3 receptor, are believed to mediate orthodontic pain. Neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptides and substance P can also regulate orthodontic pain. While periodontal nociceptors transmit nociceptive signals to the brain, they are also known to modulate alveolar bone remodeling in periodontitis. Therefore, periodontal nociceptors and nociceptive molecules may contribute to the modulation of orthodontic tooth movement, which currently remains undetermined. Future studies are needed to better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying neuroskeletal interactions in orthodontics to improve orthodontic treatment by developing novel methods to reduce pain and accelerate orthodontic tooth movement-thereby achieving "big gains with no pain" in clinical orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ching-Chang Ko
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Man-Kyo Chung
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Karkazi F, Antoniadou M, Demeterová K, Konstantonis D, Margaritis V, Lysy J. Orthodontic Risk Perspectives among Orthodontists during Treatment: A Descriptive Pilot Study in Greece and Slovakia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:492. [PMID: 38391867 PMCID: PMC10887888 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores orthodontists' perspectives on risks associated with orthodontic treatment, as described by Greek and Slovak orthodontists. Informed by the foundational importance of effective communication of risk perspectives in health sciences, particularly in facilitating valid consent and shared decision-making, this research addresses gaps identified in the literature concerning the consistent communication of potential treatment risks based on demographic and cultural characteristics. This study identifies 15 potential critical risks during orthodontic treatment. These risks include root resorption; temporary undesired changes to the occlusion; sleep difficulties; not achieving an ideal result; development of black triangles between teeth; taking additional X-rays; speech difficulties; using a protective splint during sports; duration of treatment; number of visits; transmission of infectious diseases; and swallowing orthodontic appliances. A questionnaire, distributed electronically to orthodontists in Greece (N1 = 570) and Slovakia (N2 = 210) from September 2022 to December 2022, aimed to assess risk communication practices, taking into consideration socio-demographic factors, such as country, gender, age, and academic-degree-related variations. A total of 168 valid questionnaires (91 from Slovakia and 77 from Greece) were obtained, indicating significant disparities in the risks emphasized and preferred forms of consent. The Greek orthodontists focused more on the risks involved, such as relapse, root resorption, temporal occlusal changes, and failure of desired movement, while the Slovak practitioners tended to be more interested in sleeping difficulties, temporal occlusal changes, and not achieving an ideal result. They also obtained written or digital consent from patients or their parents/guardians more frequently than the Greek team. Male orthodontists discussed specific risks more frequently, including relapse and extractions, whereas females preferred written or digital consent. PhD-trained orthodontists prioritized certain risks, indicating the need for tailored approaches. This study underscores the dynamic nature of risk assessment in orthodontic practice, emphasizing its ethical and strategic dimensions. The findings advocate for tailored risk communication strategies that recognize individual, contextual, and cultural factors, and the need for an orthodontic informed consent protocol for a tailored communication approach for patients to elevate the standard of care in European orthodontics. The reliance on digital tools reflects contemporary trends in enhancing patient understanding, thereby supporting ongoing innovation in orthodontic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franzeska Karkazi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Maria Antoniadou
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Certified Systemic Analyst Executive Mastering Program, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Katarína Demeterová
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Juraj Lysy
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Steinmetz J, Stemmler A, Hennig CL, Symmank J, Jacobs C. GDF15 Contributes to the Regulation of the Mechanosensitive Responses of PdL Fibroblasts through the Modulation of IL-37. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38392243 PMCID: PMC10888100 DOI: 10.3390/dj12020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), areas of compressive and tensile forces are generated in the periodontal ligament (PdL), a mechanoreactive connective tissue between the teeth and alveolar bone. Mechanically stimulated PdL fibroblasts (PdLFs), the main cell type of PdL, express significantly increased levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). In compressed PdL areas, GDF15 plays a fundamental role in modulating relevant OTM processes, including inflammation and osteoclast activation. However, the specific function of this factor in tensile areas has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of GDF15 in the mechanoresponse of human PdLFs (hPdLFs) that were exposed to biaxial tensile forces in vitro. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown experiments, we demonstrated that GDF15 had no impact on the anti-inflammatory force response of elongated hPdLFs. Although the anti-inflammatory markers IL1RN and IL10, as well as the activation of immune cells remained unaffected, we demonstrated an inhibitory role of GDF15 for the IL-37 expression. By analyzing osteogenic markers, including ALPL and RUNX2, along with an assessment of alkaline phosphatase activation, we further showed that the regulation of IL-37 by GDF15 modulates the osteogenic differentiation potential of hPdLFs. Despite bone resorption in tensile areas being rather limited, GDF15 was also found to positively modulate osteoclast activation in those areas, potentially by adjusting the IL-37 levels. In light of our new findings, we hypothesize that GDF15 modulates force-induced processes in tissue and bone remodeling through its various intra- and extracellular signaling pathways as well as interaction partners. Potentially acting as a master regulator, the modulation of GDF15 levels may hold relevance for clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Steinmetz
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Albert Stemmler
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Al-Jewair T, Michelogiannakis D, Khoo E, Prevost R. Potential Impact of Long COVID-19 on Orthodontic Treatment. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:387-391. [PMID: 37336480 PMCID: PMC10959594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pooled estimates indicate about 226 million individuals are currently experiencing or have experienced persistent symptoms from COVID-19. Long COVID-19 (LC) has been associated with a prolonged inflammatory and stress responses in affected individuals. Due to common pathways, LC could impact the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement, orthodontically-induced inflammatory root resorption and periodontal tissue response of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The authors of the present report discussed potential biological mechanisms through which LC may influence orthodontic treatment highlighting the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thikriat Al-Jewair
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Edmund Khoo
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, United States
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Ryan Prevost
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Naoumova J, Olofsson R, Almståhl A, Cevik-Aras H. Salivary levels of Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa ligand during orthodontic tooth movement-A prospective pilot study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:78-83. [PMID: 37381979 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to monitor changes in Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa ligand (RANKL) levels in the saliva during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine healthy females (15-20 y of age) with four pre-molar extractions and fixed appliance were included. In total, 134 stimulated and 134 unstimulated saliva samples were collected: at baseline and then every 6-8 weeks at follow-up appointments during the whole orthodontic treatment. Twelve age-matched females with no active orthodontic treatment served as a control group. Saliva samples were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The mean levels of OPG and RANKL were calculated according to the different orthodontic treatment stages: alignment, space closure and finishing. A mixed model analysis was used to compare the means of treatment stages. Baseline OPG levels were compared with the control group using an independent t-test. OPG levels were measured in stimulated saliva due to low levels in unstimulated saliva. RESULTS No significant difference was observed between baseline OPG values and the control group. OPG increased significantly at all treatment stages: alignment, space closure and finishing compared with baseline (P = 0.002, P = 0.039, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). The salivary levels of OPG increased gradually, except during space closure, reaching peak levels at finishing. RANKL was undetectable in stimulated and unstimulated saliva by sandwich Elisa during OTM. CONCLUSIONS This novel approach shows the changes in the levels of OPG in OTM and indicates how and when to sample saliva during orthodontic treatment to analyse bone remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Naoumova
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Specialist Clinic for Orthodontics, Gothenburg, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Richard Olofsson
- Specialist Clinic for Orofacial Medicine, Uddevalla Hospital, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Annica Almståhl
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Section 4- Oral Health, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hülya Cevik-Aras
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Specialist Clinic for Orofacial Medicine, Norra Älvsborg County Hospital, Trollhättan, Public Dental Service, Region Västra Götaland, Sweden
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Rao RN, Oommen KE, Nagate RR, Al-Qarni MA, Ahmed AR, Tikare S, Gokhale ST, AlBariqi AA, Elagib MFA, Chaturvedi S. Convalescing Mandibular Anterior Crowding through Piezocision and the Micro-Osteoperforation Surgical Procedure-A Clinical Comparative Study. J Pers Med 2024; 14:173. [PMID: 38392606 PMCID: PMC10890610 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive periodontic (perio) surgical procedures, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation are useful techniques for accelerating tooth movement. These techniques also offer advantages in the orthodontic (ortho) and aesthetic domains. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the rates of lower anterior decrowding with piezocision and micro-osteoperforation. METHODS This clinical study included 24 patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatments. Two periodontic techniques (piezocision (PZ) and micro-osteoperforation (MOP)) were considered for the orthodontic treatments. Each patient was randomly allocated to either the piezocision (PZ) group or the micro-osteoperforation (MOP) group. The piezocision group received five radiographically guided incisions on the labial surface of the alveolar bone, whereas the micro-osteoperforation group received one to three MOPs each using a mini-implant drill between the six lower anterior teeth, and later, an initial arch wire was ligated to each bracket. Little's irregularity index (LII) was calculated using a digital vernier caliper on study models every four weeks until decrowding was achieved. The difference in the rates of lower anterior crowding between the piezocision and micro-osteoperforation groups was analyzed to determine the statistical significance. RESULTS The rates of irregularity index change during decrowding were 4.38 ± 0.61 in the piezocision group and 3.82 ± 0.47 in the micro-osteoperforation group. Piezocision was found to be 1.2 times faster than micro-osteoperforation in terms of the rate of decrowding. CONCLUSION The advanced perio-ortho combination technique was advantageous in accelerated decrowding. In comparison to MOP, there was an increase in the rate of decrowding with PZ. Decrowding can be completed quickly with PZ, and it can thus be used to treat crowding effectively in a limited time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunath Nagasundara Rao
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, (Deemed to Be University), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Karuna Elza Oommen
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College & Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, (Deemed to Be University), Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Raghavendra Reddy Nagate
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Qarni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Razzaq Ahmed
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shreyas Tikare
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shankar T Gokhale
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A AlBariqi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fadul A Elagib
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Sant-Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune 411018, India
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Su S, Jia X, Zhan L, Gao S, Zhang Q, Huang X. Automatic tooth periodontal ligament segmentation of cone beam computed tomography based on instance segmentation network. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24097. [PMID: 38293338 PMCID: PMC10827460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The three-dimensional morphological structures of periodontal ligaments (PDLs) are important data for periodontal, orthodontic, prosthodontic, and implant interventions. This study aimed to employ a deep learning (DL) algorithm to segment the PDL automatically in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Method This was a retrospective study. We randomly selected 389 patients and 1734 axial CBCT images from the CBCT database, and designed a fully automatic PDL segmentation computer-aided model based on instance segmentation Mask R-CNN network. The labels of the model training were 'teeth' and 'alveolar bone', and the 'PDL' is defined as the region where the 'teeth' and 'alveolar bone' overlap. The model's segmentation performance was evaluated using CBCT data from eight patients outside the database. Results Qualitative evaluation indicates that the PDL segmentation accuracy of incisors, canines, premolars, wisdom teeth, and implants reached 100%. The segmentation accuracy of molars was 96.4%. Quantitative evaluation indicates that the mIoU and mDSC of PDL segmentation were 0.667 ± 0.015 (>0.6) and 0.799 ± 0.015 (>0.7) respectively. Conclusion This study analysed a unique approach to AI-driven automatic segmentation of PDLs on CBCT imaging, possibly enabling chair-side measurements of PDLs to facilitate periodontists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, and implantologists in more efficient and accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liping Zhan
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bai X, Wang Y, Ma X, Yang Y, Deng C, Sun M, Lin C, Zhang L. Periodontal ligament cells-derived exosomes promote osteoclast differentiation via modulating macrophage polarization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1465. [PMID: 38233593 PMCID: PMC10794214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that exosomes (Exos) are involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation. However, the characteristics as well as roles of exosomes from human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs-Exos) in M1/M2 macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation remain unclear. Here, periodontal ligament cells were successfully extracted by method of improved Type-I collagen enzyme digestion. hPDLCs-Exos were extracted by ultracentrifugation. hPDLCs-Exos were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting (WB). Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), WB and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. M1/M2 macrophage polarization were evaluated by RT-qPCR and WB. The results showed hPDLCs-Exos promoted osteoclast differentiation and M2 macrophage polarization, but inhibited M1 macrophage polarization. Moreover, M1 macrophages inhibited osteoclast differentiation, whereas M2 macrophages promoted osteoclast differentiation. It has shown that hPDLCs-Exos promoted osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting M1 and promoting M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Bai
- School of Medical, NanKai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Tianjin Kanghui Hospital, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300385, China
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, 300041, China
- School of Clinical Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | | | - Cong Deng
- School of Medical, NanKai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Mengling Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, 300041, China
- School of Clinical Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, 300041, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, China.
| | - Linkun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, 300041, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300041, China.
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Nitzsche A, Hennig CL, von Brandenstein K, Döding A, Schulze-Späte U, Symmank J, Jacobs C. GDF15 Modulates the Zoledronic-Acid-Induced Hyperinflammatory Mechanoresponse of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Cells 2024; 13:147. [PMID: 38247838 PMCID: PMC10814077 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is thought to be impeded by bisphosphonate (BP) therapy, mainly due to increased osteoclast apoptosis and changes in the periodontal ligament (PdL), a connecting tissue between the alveolar bone and teeth. PdL cells, mainly fibroblasts (PdLFs), are crucial regulators in OTM by modulating force-induced local inflammatory processes. Recently, we identified the TGF-β/BMP superfamily member GDF15 as an important modulator in OTM, promoting the pro-inflammatory mechanoresponses of PdLFs. The precise impact of the highly potent BP zoledronate (ZOL) on the mechanofunctionality of PdLFs is still under-investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further characterize the ZOL-induced changes in the initial inflammatory mechanoresponse of human PdLFs (hPdLFs) and to further clarify a potential interrelationship with GDF15 signaling. Thus, two-day in vitro treatment with 0.5 µM, 5 µM and 50 µM of ZOL altered the cellular properties of hPdLFs partially in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, exposure to ZOL decreased their metabolic activity, the proliferation rate, detected using Ki-67 immunofluorescent staining, and survival, analyzed using trypan blue. An increasing occurrence of DNA strand breaks was observed using TUNEL and an activated DNA damage response was demonstrated using H2A.X (phosphoS139) staining. While the osteogenic differentiation of hPdLFs was unaffected by ZOL, increased cellular senescence was observed using enhanced p21Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1 and β-galactosidase staining. In addition, cytokine-encoding genes such as IL6, IL8, COX2 and GDF15, which are associated with a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, were up-regulated by ZOL. Subsequently, this change in the hPdLF phenotype promoted a hyperinflammatory response to applied compressive forces with an increased expression of the pro-inflammatory markers IL1β, IL6 and GDF15, as well as the activation of monocytic THP1 cells. GDF15 appeared to be particularly relevant to these changes, as siRNA-mediated down-regulation balanced these hyperinflammatory responses by reducing IL-1β and IL-6 expression (IL1B p-value < 0.0001; IL6 p-value < 0.001) and secretion (IL-1β p-value < 0.05; IL-6 p-value < 0.001), as well as immune cell activation (p-value < 0.0001). In addition, ZOL-related reduced RANKL/OPG values and inhibited osteoclast activation were enhanced in GDF15-deficient hPdLFs (both p-values < 0.0001; all statistical tests: one-way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc test). Thus, GDF15 may become a promising new target in the personalized orthodontic treatment of bisphosphonatepatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Nitzsche
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Christoph-Ludwig Hennig
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Katrin von Brandenstein
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Annika Döding
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.D.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.D.); (U.S.-S.)
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Jena, Leutragraben 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (A.N.); (C.-L.H.); (K.v.B.); (C.J.)
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Min Q, Gao Y, Wang Y. Bioelectricity in dental medicine: a narrative review. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:3. [PMID: 38172866 PMCID: PMC10765628 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioelectric signals, whether exogenous or endogenous, play crucial roles in the life processes of organisms. Recently, the significance of bioelectricity in the field of dentistry is steadily gaining greater attention. OBJECTIVE This narrative review aims to comprehensively outline the theory, physiological effects, and practical applications of bioelectricity in dental medicine and to offer insights into its potential future direction. It attempts to provide dental clinicians and researchers with an electrophysiological perspective to enhance their clinical practice or fundamental research endeavors. METHODS An online computer search for relevant literature was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, with the keywords "bioelectricity, endogenous electric signal, electric stimulation, dental medicine." RESULTS Eventually, 288 documents were included for review. The variance in ion concentration between the interior and exterior of the cell membrane, referred to as transmembrane potential, forms the fundamental basis of bioelectricity. Transmembrane potential has been established as an essential regulator of intercellular communication, mechanotransduction, migration, proliferation, and immune responses. Thus, exogenous electric stimulation can significantly alter cellular action by affecting transmembrane potential. In the field of dental medicine, electric stimulation has proven useful for assessing pulp condition, locating root apices, improving the properties of dental biomaterials, expediting orthodontic tooth movement, facilitating implant osteointegration, addressing maxillofacial malignancies, and managing neuromuscular dysfunction. Furthermore, the reprogramming of bioelectric signals holds promise as a means to guide organism development and intervene in disease processes. Besides, the development of high-throughput electrophysiological tools will be imperative for identifying ion channel targets and precisely modulating bioelectricity in the future. CONCLUSIONS Bioelectricity has found application in various concepts of dental medicine but large-scale, standardized, randomized controlled clinical trials are still necessary in the future. In addition, the precise, repeatable and predictable measurement and modulation methods of bioelectric signal patterns are essential research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Min
- Department of Endodontics, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yajun Gao
- Department of Endodontics, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Implantology, Wuxi Stomatology Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Ratanasereeprasert N, Hsu LF, Wang SK, Jane Yao CC. Orthodontically induced changes to the genetic profile in periodontal ligament tissue and cytokine release in gingival crevicular fluid - A pilot investigation. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:387-396. [PMID: 38303827 PMCID: PMC10829649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose It has been known that genetic factors influence orthodontic tooth movement, however, scientific research on humans is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate dynamic changes to the genetic profile in human periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue and cytokine release in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during the first 28 days of orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods Fifteen teeth from three patients were recruited. Full-mouth fixed appliances with extraction of four premolars and one maxillary third molar was planned for orthodontic treatment. GCF collection and tooth extraction were performed following force application for 0, 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. GCF was analyzed using multiplex immunoassay for 27 cytokines. PDL tissue was collected after extraction and submitted for RNA exome-sequencing using Illumina sequencing platform. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and heatmaps were conducted. Results GCF cytokine levels varied among three patients; some patients exhibited a peak cytokine level on Day 0 whereas others did so on Days 1-3. In RNA exome sequencing data, GO and KEGG analyses showed that genes associated with sensory receptors were upregulated on Day 1, genes involved in bone remodeling were upregulated on Days 3 and 28, and genes related to osteoclast differentiation were upregulated on Day 7. Conclusion RNA sequencing data demonstrate that the specific types of genes are expressed at different time points, whereas the data on cytokine changes show a large variation in concentration levels and dynamic change patterns among the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li-Fang Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Arango-Piloneta EV, Plaza-Ruiz SP, Quiroga P, León-Lara DF. Simplifying two-vector mechanics calculations for challenging tooth movements. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024; 27:15-23. [PMID: 36625711 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2165392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to describe a simple graphical driven method for determining the necessary two-vector mechanics (TVM) as an alternative solution to the ideal or single force. In orthodontics, some tooth movements are difficult to achieve, mainly because of the impossibility of getting the point of application for the necessary force system. Given two points in biomechanically accessible areas, adding together two vectors applied to those points will result in an equivalent force system. The method was developed based on previous research, 3,880 hypothetical cases were analyzed to determine the trends between the resulting forces and their relative locations. A graphical driven TVM method (GTVM) for establishing the necessary TVM is presented in a manner that combine different procedures from the traditional method that simplify the analysis and may allow the user to perform more complex orthodontic cases making easier to compare systems of force equivalents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Arango-Piloneta
- Orthodontic Department, Fundación Universitaria CIEO-UniCIEO, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S P Plaza-Ruiz
- Orthodontic Department, Fundación Universitaria CIEO-UniCIEO, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P Quiroga
- Center for Studies in Structrures and Materials, Civil Engineering Department, Escuela Colombiana de Ingenieros Julio Garavito, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D F León-Lara
- Escuela Colombiana de Ingenieros Julio Garavito, Bogotá, Colombia
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Wu Z. Compression Promotes the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Regulating METTL14-mediated IGF1. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1120-1128. [PMID: 38279741 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x244047231012103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Orthodontic treatment involves the application of mechanical force to induce periodontal tissue remodeling and ultimately promote tooth movement. It is essential to study the response mechanisms of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to improve orthodontic treatment. METHODS In this study, hPDLSCs treated with compressive force were used to simulate orthodontic treatment. Cell viability and cell death were assessed using the CCK-8 assay and TUNEL staining. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining were performed to evaluate osteogenic differentiation. The binding relationship between IGF1 and METTL14 was assessed using RIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS The compressive force treatment promoted the viability and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Additionally, m6A and METTL14 levels in hPDLSCs increased after compressive force treatment, whereas METTL14 knockdown decreased cell viability and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs treated with compressive force. Furthermore, the upregulation of METTL14 increased m6A levels, mRNA stability, and IGF1 expression. RIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the interaction between METTL14 and IGF1. Furthermore, rescue experiments demonstrated that IGF1 overexpression reversed the effects of METTL14 knockdown in hPDLSCs treated with compressive force. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study demonstrated that compressive force promotes cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by regulating IGF1 levels mediated by METTL14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengbo Wu
- North Sichuan Medical College, Xinglin Community, Sihai Street, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China
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Seddiqi H, Klein-Nulend J, Jin J. Osteocyte Mechanotransduction in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:731-742. [PMID: 37792246 PMCID: PMC10724326 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Orthodontic tooth movement is characterized by periodontal tissue responses to mechanical loading, leading to clinically relevant functional adaptation of jaw bone. Since osteocytes are significant in mechanotransduction and orchestrate osteoclast and osteoblast activity, they likely play a central role in orthodontic tooth movement. In this review, we attempt to shed light on the impact and role of osteocyte mechanotransduction during orthodontic tooth movement. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanically loaded osteocytes produce signaling molecules, e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins, Wnts, prostaglandins, osteopontin, nitric oxide, sclerostin, and RANKL, which modulate the recruitment, differentiation, and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The major signaling pathways activated by mechanical loading in osteocytes are the wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin and RANKL pathways, which are key regulators of bone metabolism. Moreover, osteocytes are capable of orchestrating bone adaptation during orthodontic tooth movement. A better understanding of the role of osteocyte mechanotransduction is crucial to advance orthodontic treatment. The optimal force level on the periodontal tissues for orthodontic tooth movement producing an adequate biological response, is debated. This review emphasizes that both mechanoresponses and inflammation are essential for achieving tooth movement clinically. To fully comprehend the role of osteocyte mechanotransduction in orthodontic tooth movement, more knowledge is needed of the biological pathways involved. This will contribute to optimization of orthodontic treatment and enhance patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Seddiqi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bi S, Shi G. The crucial role of periodontal ligament's Poisson's ratio and tension-compression asymmetric moduli on the evaluation of tooth displacement and stress state of periodontal ligament. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 148:106217. [PMID: 37931551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydrostatic stress in the periodontal ligament (PDL) evaluated by finite element analysis is considered an important indicator for determining an appropriate orthodontic force. The computed result of the hydrostatic stress strongly depends on the PDL material model used in the orthodontic simulation. This study aims to investigate the effects of PDL Poisson's ratio and tension-compression asymmetric moduli on both the simulated tooth displacement and the PDL hydrostatic stress. Three tension-compression symmetric and two asymmetric PDL constitutive models were selected to simulate the tensile and compressive behavior of a PDL specimen under uniaxial loading, and the resulting numerical results were compared with the in-vitro PDL experimental results reported in the literature. Subsequently, a tooth model was established, and the selected constitutive models and parameters were employed to assess the hydrostatic stress state in the PDL under two distinct loading conditions. The simulated results indicate that PDL Poisson's ratio and tension-compression asymmetry exert substantial influences on the simulated PDL hydrostatic stress. Conversely, the elastic modulus exhibits minimal impact on the PDL stress state under the identical loading conditions. Furthermore, the PDL models with tension-compression asymmetric moduli and appropriate Poisson's ratio yield more realistic hydrostatic stress. Hence, it is imperative to employ suitable Poisson's ratio and tension-compression asymmetric moduli for the purpose of characterizing the biomechanical response of the PDL in orthodontic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Bi
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300354, China.
| | - Guangyu Shi
- Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300354, China
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Liu J, Chen PJ, Mehta S, Dutra EH, Yadav S. Dynamic changes in transcriptome during orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26 Suppl 1:73-81. [PMID: 36891648 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine global changes in gene expression with next generation sequencing (NGS) in order to assess the biological effects of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) on alveolar bone in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five Wistar rats (age 14 weeks) were used in the study. The OTM was performed using closed coil Nickel-Titanium spring to apply a mesial force on maxillary first molars of 8-10 g. Three hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after the placement of the appliance, rats were killed at each time point respectively. The alveolar bone, around left maxillary first molar, were excised on compression side. The samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for subsequent RNA extraction. Total RNA samples were prepared for mRNA sequencing using the Illumina kit. RNA-Seq reads were aligned to the rat genomes using the STAR Aligner and bioinformatic analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 18 192 genes were determined. Day 1 has the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed with more upregulated than downregulated genes. A total of 2719 DEGs were identified to use as input for the algorithm. Six distinct clusters of temporal patterns were observed representing proteins that were differentially regulated indicating different expression kinetics. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed distinct clustering by time points and days 3, 7 and 14 share similar gene expression pattern. CONCLUSIONS Distinct gene expression pattern was observed at different time points studied. Hypoxia, inflammation and bone remodelling pathways are major mechanisms behind OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Private Practice, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Section of Orthodontics, Department of Growth and Development, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Shivam Mehta
- Department of Developmental Sciences/Orthodontics, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Eliane H Dutra
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Department of Growth and Development, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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