1
|
Du X, Song Y, Wang H, Chen W, Wang L, Feng X, Zhang X, Song C. Research on the relationship between nurses' compliance with standard precautions, servant leadership and emotional exhaustion: A cross-sectional survey. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:2822-2834. [PMID: 38186045 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to analyse the effects of servant leadership on nurses' emotional failure and compliance with standard precautions and to explore the moderating effect of individual resilience. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from October 9 to November 1, 2022. The convenience sampling method was used to collect questionnaire data from 924 clinical nurses in a third-class general hospital in Chongqing, China. RESULTS The emotional exhaustion and compliance with standard precautions were at the general level. Servant leadership mediated by emotional exhaustion had a significant positive predictive effect on compliance with standard precautions. Personal resilience played a negative moderating role in the relationship between servant leadership and emotional exhaustion. For nurses with low resilience, servant leadership had a greater impact on emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION The current compliance with standard precautions for clinical nurses is not high due to emotional exhaustion. The level of servant leadership can alleviate nurses' emotional exhaustion and improve compliance with standard precautions. Especially for nurses with low personal resilience, the care and support of department leaders are needed. IMPACT We found that the compliance with standard precautions is not high, and the link between emotional exhaustion, servant leadership and compliance with standard precautions provides a basis for further patient care. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION There was no patient or public involvement. IMPACT STATEMENT Nurses are the key population for hospital infection prevention and control, and their level of compliance with standard precautions is of great significance for hospital infection prevention and control. However, in practice, nurses' compliance with standard precautions is generally low. Most of the previous studies on nurses' compliance with standard precautions were conducted from the perspective of individual nurses, based on the staff's 'knowledge, belief, and action' to study the current status of compliance with standard precautions and the factors affecting adherence, with less attention paid to the influence of psychological, environmental, and organizational factors. Therefore, the study focuses on the impact of servant leadership and emotional exhaustion on standard precautionary adherence, which is of great significance for good care management at the organizational level. It also explored how the impact of servant leadership on emotional exhaustion varies across levels of resilience, which is important for accurately identifying different types of nursing staff and targeting assistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Song
- Educational Science Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Bidding Procurement Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
- Development and Planning Department, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Orthopedics Department, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hematology and Microenvironment, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiping Song
- President Office, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atamba C, Weng QD, Tariq H, Popelnukha A, Qi Y. Influence of meaningfulness of work and leadership characteristics on customer-directed counterproductive work behavior resulting from customer mistreatment. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2024:1-29. [PMID: 38935666 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2024.2361748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the impact of customer mistreatment on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and the moderating role of supervisor responses (self-sacrificial and self-serving leadership) to clarify why customer-directed CWB occurs and how it can be reduced. A sample of 392 customer-facing employees in the USA completed measures assessing the meaningfulness of work and self-sacrificial and self-serving leadership experiences. The meaningfulness of work moderated the relationship between customer mistreatment and employee anger, and a three-way interaction was found between employee anger and self-sacrificial and self-serving leadership on customer-directed CWB. Implications for managing customer mistreatment and fostering meaningful work to promote employee well-being are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hussain Tariq
- KFUPM Business School (KBS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Finance and Digital Economy (IRC-FDE), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Yan Qi
- University of Science and Technology of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kılınç E, Çiçek B. COVID again? Health workers' burnout and turnover intentions: possible impacts of coronavirus-induced anxiety and first-level servant leaders. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2024; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 38860850 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-10-2023-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Building on social exchange and leader-member exchange theories, this paper aims to propose a model of the impact of coronavirus-induced anxiety on health-care professionals' burnout and turnover intention through the mediation role of servant leadership. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This model was examined by adopting partial least square-based structural equation modeling using data collected from 271 health professionals (doctors, nurses, midwives and analysts) from Turkey. FINDINGS The findings of the research illustrate that coronavirus-induced anxiety is positively associated with burnout and turnover intention. Furthermore, servant leadership mediates the relationship between coronavirus-induced anxiety, burnout and turnover intention. Yet, according to factor loadings, the mediating role of servant leadership is not strong (β : 0.035 and 0.053, respectively). RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS First, this study targeted the health-care professionals from Turkey. Therefore, this population may not be able to provide general information on the topic. Thus, this study suggests that the subject be addressed in other populations as well. Second, the data were self-reported by the participants. Although common method bias and social desirability bias were not an issue in this study, it should be known that the results are based on the subjective judgments of the participants. Third, this study was limited to investigating the mediating role of servant leadership only. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study gives much beneficial information to both administrators and organizations by mirroring highly stressed workers' inside throughout statistically results. Hence, it is assumed that the findings will help leaders to cope with several difficult situations, especially in crisis moments. As the chaotic circumstances occurred, achieving organizational goals became more and more difficult. To do this, some leaders play critical roles for members like servant leaders by contributing uniquely spiritual dimensions. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated the health-care professionals' existing mental health and has loaded more agitation on them. According to Mozes (2021), suicide cases among nurses have doubled the number of women in the general population. Thus, leaders should do something to lower those ratios. This study points out that servant leaders could break down those unwanted issues by decreasing burnout and turnover intention rates of health workers. Barbuto and Wheeler (2006) highlighted this situation by creating a dimension called "The Natural Desire to Serve Others." ORIGINALITY/VALUE To the best of the authors' knowledge, to date, this study is the first to examine the mediating role of servant leadership in the effect of coronavirus-induced anxiety on burnout and turnover intention. Furthermore, this research reveals that servant leadership may play a role in avoiding burnout and turnover intention in the health sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erman Kılınç
- Department of Rail Systems Management, Ulukışla Vocational School, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Berat Çiçek
- Department of Aviation Management, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang X, Wei Y. Linking servant leadership to followers' thriving at work: self-determination theory perspective. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1384110. [PMID: 38817833 PMCID: PMC11137195 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1384110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that servant leadership has a positive impact on thriving at work, however, the psychological mechanism in this process has not been fully understood. Based on Self-Determination Theory, this study examines the mediating effect of basic psychological needs and the moderating effect of power distance on the relationship between servant leadership and followers' thriving at work. The results from the between-subject experimental design (Study 1) indicate that servant leadership can satisfy followers' three basic psychological needs. And the results from a questionnaire survey of 455 civil servants at two-time points (Study 2) indicate: (1) Servant leadership has a significantly positive impact on followers' thriving at work; (2) All three basic psychological needs satisfaction serve as a mediator in the relationship between servant leadership and followers' thriving at work; (3) Power distance negatively moderates the relationship between servant leadership and the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs, meaning that the lower on the power distance, the stronger the positive relationship between servant leadership and the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs; (4) Power distance negatively moderates the mediating effects of competence needs satisfaction and relatedness needs satisfaction in the relationship between servant leadership and followers' thriving at work, indicating that the lower on the power distance, the stronger the mediating effects. Our findings highlight the important role of servant leadership in fostering followers' thriving at work and explore the critical role of basic psychological needs satisfaction. This provides empirical evidence to further refine theories regarding thriving at work, and suggests that in order to promote employee thriving, it is important to guide leaders to reevaluating and repositioning their roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Jiang
- School of Management, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Yiyi Wei
- School of Labor and Human Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Upadhyay D. Excellence in healthcare: nurturing servant leadership, fostering collaborative culture and promoting social sustainability in the UAE - strategies for transformation. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2024; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 38666744 DOI: 10.1108/lhs-01-2024-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the healthcare sector of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to explore the significance of servant leadership and collaborative culture in fostering social sustainability. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate how servant leadership and a collaborative culture contribute to social sustainability in health care in the UAE. With a focus on promoting well-being within healthcare organizations, the paper aims to uncover the synergies between servant leadership, collaborative culture, and social sustainability. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH This paper conducted a multilayer literature review of existing literature on servant leadership, collaborative culture and social sustainability in health care, both globally and specifically in the UAE context, and a conceptual model was proposed. FINDINGS Servant leadership proves to be a culturally pertinent and effective leadership model within the UAE due to its alignment with cultural values, emphasis on community support, and the robust health-care system that contributes to individual well-being. This combination establishes a solid foundation for fostering a healthy and sustainable society. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS Limitations and implications are discussed. The current research has not identified the boundary conditions under which servant leadership and collaborative culture may be more or less effective. This could involve exploring industry-specific influences or contextual factors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. ORIGINALITY/VALUE The research seeks to unravel the interconnections between servant leadership, collaborative culture and social sustainability. To the best of the author's knowledge, none of the studies have explored the interrelationships of these constructs, particularly in the UAE context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Upadhyay
- Abu Dhabi School of Management, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miralles S, Pozo-Hidalgo M, Rodríguez-Sánchez A, Pessi AB. Leading matters! Linking compassion and mindfulness in organizations through servant leadership. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1346751. [PMID: 38655220 PMCID: PMC11037429 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1346751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Regardless of where they are, humans are inherently human. In this study, we explore the relationship between compassion, mindfulness, and servant leadership contributing to an overall feeling of safety. Adopting a humanistic approach to human resource management, we examine how compassion and mindfulness intersect under the lens of the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. Our investigation focuses on understanding how servant leadership facilitates the cultivation of mindfulness through compassion. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), we analyze data gathered from 360 workers across diverse occupational sectors. Our findings provide empirical support for the hypothesis that compassion, manifested as a response to suffering, enhances mindfulness levels in the workplace. Specifically, we observe that organizations promoting servant leadership principles are conducive to higher levels of mindfulness among employees. Practically, our study underscores the importance of designing work contexts that prioritize compassion and servant leadership. By doing so, organizations can foster a positive work environment that promotes mindfulness and enhances workplace safety. Our research contributes to the management literature by offering empirical evidence on the role of servant leadership in cultivating compassion and mindfulness, thereby advancing the discourse on workplace safety and organizational well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Miralles
- Department of Management and Marketing, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - Manuela Pozo-Hidalgo
- Business Area, Faculty of Social Science and Law, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Anne B. Pessi
- Faculty of Theology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cai M, Wang M, Cheng J. The Effect of Servant Leadership on Work Engagement: The Role of Employee Resilience and Organizational Support. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38667096 PMCID: PMC11047623 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Employees suffer from low resources in the workplace because of multiple work roles in project-based organization (PBO). Based on the conservation of resources theory (COR), this study identifies both employee resilience and organizational support as critical personal and job resources. It then examines how servant leadership enhances employee work engagement in PBO through the mediating roles of employee resilience and organizational support. This study uses a questionnaire-based quantitative research design to collect data from 437 employees in PBO. The collected data were analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test hypotheses. The research findings indicate that servant leadership positively affects work engagement. Additionally, the relationship between servant leadership and work engagement is mediated by employee resilience and organizational support. This study deepens the understanding of how servant leadership promotes work engagement in PBO by providing personal and job resources. The findings deepen our understanding of how servant leadership enhances work engagement in PBO. The findings also provide implications for PBO to enhance sustainable well-being at work and organizational productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiajia Cheng
- School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; (M.C.); (M.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Laura-Arias E, Villar-Guevara M, Millones-Liza DY. Servant leadership, brand love, and work ethic: important predictors of general health in workers in the education sector. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1274965. [PMID: 38646112 PMCID: PMC11026670 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1274965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Building a path aimed at the wellbeing of workers in the education sector is the fundamental basis to encourage quality education. To fill the gap in knowledge and address this aspect by understanding the behavior of the study population, it was proposed as with the objective of determining if servant leadership, brand love and work ethic predict the general health in workers. Methods A non-probability sampling was applied for convenience. For this purpose, a sample of 509 workers from Peru was submitted to study, who completed a questionnaire consisting of: scale of servant leadership, work ethic, GHQ-12 and brand love. By applying a quantitative method using a structural equation modeling partial least squares approach. Results The present study demonstrated that the three constructs (servant leadership, brand love, and work ethic) predict the general health of workers in a positive and significant way, in a sample of Peruvian workers in the education sector. Furthermore, the results suggest that these factors can be used to improve the health of employees in educational institutions in Peru and possibly in other contexts as well. Conclusion Given these results and after knowing the solidity of the predictions, the importance of promoting general health in workers in the education sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Laura-Arias
- UPG de Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Miluska Villar-Guevara
- UPG de Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
- EP de Administración, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Peruana Unión, Juliaca, Perú
| | - Dany Yudet Millones-Liza
- UPG de Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
- EP de Administración, Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao Q, Iftikhar Q, Spaeth K, Zhang C, Liang XC, Klarin A, Liu L. The relationship between servant leadership and nurses' in-role performance: The sequential mediating effects of job autonomy and emotional exhaustion. J Adv Nurs 2024; 80:1440-1451. [PMID: 37962237 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, this study examines the underlying process through which servant leadership is associated with nurses' in-role performance. Specifically, we test the indirect effect of servant leadership on in-role performance via a sequential mediating mechanism of job autonomy and emotional exhaustion. DESIGN A time-lagged design was implemented using data gathered from two-wave online surveys (1 week apart) of registered nurses from Jiangsu Province, China. METHODS Between September 2022 and February 2023, we used Wenjuanxing and Credma, which are two powerful and user-friendly data collection platforms, to distribute online surveys to potential participants. We received a total of 220 usable responses and employed the PROCESS Model 4 and Model 6 to assess our proposed hypotheses. RESULTS Our proposed model was supported. Servant leadership has a positive indirect effect on nurses' in-role performance through job autonomy and emotional exhaustion. Job autonomy has a negative effect on emotional exhaustion. Additionally, job autonomy mediates the negative relationship between servant leadership and emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION The present research extends existing nursing studies by unravelling the complex mechanisms underlying the relationship between servant leadership and nurses' in-role performance. Our study also identifies the underlying mechanism of how servant leadership mitigates emotional exhaustion by supporting nurses' job autonomy. IMPACT The sequential mediation results provide us with a more fine-grained understanding of the relationship between servant leadership and nurses' in-role performance. It further promotes job autonomy and decreases emotional exhaustion, which supports the UN Sustainable Development Goal #3 (Good Health and Well-being). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION This study addresses the UN Sustainable Development Goal #3: 'To ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages' and the healthcare providers will benefit from our study. Therefore, the study contributes to a more sustainable organization and society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Xiao
- Department of Management, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Suzhou lndustrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Qudsia Iftikhar
- Department of Management, Monash Business School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Management, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katharina Spaeth
- Department of Management, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | | | - Anton Klarin
- School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Liping Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rietdijk WJR, van der Kuy PHM, den Uil CA. Human resource management at the intensive care unit: A pragmatic review and future research agenda for building a learning health system. Learn Health Syst 2024; 8:e10395. [PMID: 38633021 PMCID: PMC11019382 DOI: 10.1002/lrh2.10395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the importance of efficient and effective health care has been recognized, especially during the acute phase of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Intensive care units (ICUs) have faced an immense workload, with massive numbers of patients being treated in a very short period of time. In general, ICUs are required to deliver high-quality care at all times during the year. At the same time, high-quality organizational goals may not be aligned with the interests, motivation, and development of individual staff members (eg, nurses, and doctors). For management of the ICU, it is important to balance the organizational goals and development of the staff members ("their human capital"), usually referred to as human resource management. Although many studies have considered this area, no holistic view of the topic has been presented. Such a holistic view may help leadership and/or other stakeholders at the ICU to design a better learning health system. This pragmatic review aims to provide a conceptual model for the management of ICUs. Future research may also use this conceptual model for studying important factors for designing and understanding human resources in an ICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wim J. R. Rietdijk
- Department of Hospital PharmacyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Institutional AffairsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - P. Hugo M. van der Kuy
- Department of Hospital PharmacyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren L, Shen H. The relationship between servant leadership and team innovation performance: Mediating effect of self-efficacy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27723. [PMID: 38509912 PMCID: PMC10951603 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the effects of servant leadership on team innovation performance by examining innovation self-efficacy as a mediating factor and team innovation atmosphere as a moderating factor. Utilizing a questionnaire survey of 311 hotel employees, we employed a structural equation model for rigorous data analysis. Our key findings are summarized as follows: (1) Servant leadership positively influences team innovation performance. Specifically, the dimensions of persuasion and guidance within servant leadership emerge as significant predictors of enhanced team innovation. (2) Servant leadership significantly boosts innovation self-efficacy, highlighting its crucial role in fostering a culture of innovation. (3) Innovation self-efficacy emerges as a pivotal mediator between servant leadership and team innovation performance, underscoring its importance in translating leadership behaviours into tangible innovation outcomes. (4) The team innovation atmosphere positively moderates the relationship between innovation self-efficacy and team innovation performance, indicating that a supportive environment can amplify the impact of individuals' self-beliefs on collective innovation. This research offers valuable theoretical and practical insights into harnessing the power of servant leadership to enhance innovation self-efficacy and, ultimately, team innovation performance. Our findings contribute to a richer understanding of how these variables interact and can inform the development of more effective leadership strategies in organizations seeking to foster a culture of innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Ren
- Innovation College, North-Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Huayu Shen
- School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang Y, Yin Y, Su W. The Impact of Servant Leadership on Proactive Service Behavior: a Moderated Mediation Model. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:178. [PMID: 38549177 PMCID: PMC10979553 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As the implementers of government policies, junior civil servants bear the responsibility of providing services to the public. Whether they can put themselves in the people's shoes and show more active service consciousness directly reflects the government's management ability and the realization of service-oriented government goals. Although proactive service behavior has been studied, it has not been brought into the field of government administration. Hence, from the perspective of servant leadership, this study attempts to introduce proactive service behavior (PSB) into the field of government administration, and discusses the promotion strategies of junior civil servants' PSB in China. Through the statistical analysis of 416 junior civil servants collected in the two stages, this study verifies that servant leadership has a significant positive impact on public service motivation and PSB of junior civil servants. Public service motivation (PSM) can partially mediate the promotion effect of servant leadership on junior civil servants' PSB. Role identity can positively moderate the relationship between servant leadership and junior civil servants' PSM, and then affect their PSB. Therefore, this study suggests that leading cadres should integrate servant leadership into daily life, take the lead in providing quality services to their subordinates, and then inspire more proactive service to the masses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zhang
- School of Literature, Capital Normal University, 83 Xisanhuan North Road, 100048, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Literature, Capital Normal University, 83 Xisanhuan North Road, 100048, Beijing, China.
| | - Weilin Su
- School of Literature, Capital Normal University, 83 Xisanhuan North Road, 100048, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wong LY, Sendjaya S, Wilson S, Rixon A. Evidence behind the exhortation? A rapid review of servant leadership's influence and claims in healthcare over the last decade. BMJ LEADER 2024; 8:88-92. [PMID: 37491151 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2023-000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Servant leadership is an other-oriented approach to leadership with multiple positive outcomes. However, its influence in the context of medicine, particularly on healthcare leaders, is less clear. We conducted a rapid review to examine the impact of servant leadership in healthcare over the last decade. We included a total of 28 articles, 26 of which described beneficial organisational, relational and personal outcomes of servant leadership. However, most of these were either conceptual or opinion-based articles. Moreover, most quantitative studies were cross-sectional, precluding causal inferences. Our review demonstrates that the purported positive association between servant leadership and healthcare outcomes lacks a strong evidence base. We conclude by calling for more rigorous empirical research to examine the effects and potential challenges of implementing servant leadership in healthcare contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Yung Wong
- School of Business, Law and Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sen Sendjaya
- Department of Management and Marketing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel Wilson
- Department of Management and Marketing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Rixon
- Department of Business Strategy and Innovation, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Winters RC, Chan TM, Barth BE. Five hats of effective leaders: teacher, mentor, coach, supervisor and sponsor. BMJ LEADER 2024; 8:9-14. [PMID: 37344163 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2022-000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Teaching, mentoring, coaching, supervising and sponsoring are often conflated in the literature. In this reflection, we clarify the distinctions, the benefits and the drawbacks of each approach. We describe a conceptual model for effective leadership conversations where leaders dynamically and deliberately 'wear the hats' of teacher, mentor, coach, supervisor and/or sponsor during a single conversation. METHODS As three experienced physician leaders and educators, we collaborated to write this reflection on how leaders may deliberately alter their approach during dynamic conversations with colleagues. Each of us brings our own perspective and lens. RESULTS We articulate how each of the 'five hats' of teacher, mentor, coach, supervisor and sponsor may help or hinder effectiveness. We discuss how a leader may 'switch' hats to engage, support and develop colleagues across an ever-expanding range of contexts and settings. We demonstrate how a leader might 'wear the five hats' during conversations about career advancement and burn-out. CONCLUSION Effective leaders teach, mentor, coach, supervise and sponsor during conversations with colleagues. These leaders employ a deliberate, dynamic and adaptive approach to better serve the needs of their colleagues at the moment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Winters
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teresa M Chan
- Division of Education & Innovation, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley E Barth
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li Y, You H, Oh S. A study on the structural relationship between emotional labor, job burnout, and turnover intention among office workers in Korea: the moderated mediating effect of leader-member exchange. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:54. [PMID: 38287452 PMCID: PMC10826281 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research investigated the interplay of emotional labor, job burnout, and leader-member exchange on turnover intentions among office workers in South Korea. METHODS An online survey was conducted with 333 employees working in Korean small- and medium-sized enterprises. The target sample consisted of in-house employees who do not deal with external customers. All the measurement and structural models of this study were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and Amos 28.0. RESULTS The survey revealed that emotional labor indirectly influenced turnover intentions via job burnout and leader-member exchange. Deep acting intensified job burnout, thereby elevating turnover intentions, while surface acting mitigated job burnout. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscored the importance of managing emotional labor and job burnout and fostering robust leader-member relationships to reduce staff turnover. Moreover, leader-member exchange was found to mitigate the effects of emotional labor on job burnout and turnover intention, with higher leader-member exchange reducing the negative impact of deep acting on turnover intention through job burnout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- Department of Education, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunok You
- Department of Education, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyoung Oh
- Department of Education, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Demeke GW, van Engen ML, Markos S. Servant Leadership in the Healthcare Literature: A Systematic Review. J Healthc Leadersh 2024; 16:1-14. [PMID: 38192640 PMCID: PMC10771778 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s440160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Servant leadership has received a growing consideration among scholars and practitioners as a viable leadership model capable of bringing positive changes in the increasingly complex healthcare system. The increasing servant leadership literature in healthcare requires an integrated research work that provides a holistic picture of the existing studies. This systematic review aims to synthesize servant leadership conceptualizations, theoretical frameworks, measurement tools, and nomological networks (antecedents, mediators, outcomes, and moderators) associated with prior research in healthcare. A systematic synthesis of 55 pertinent healthcare-specific conceptual and empirical studies demonstrated that servant leadership assumes a crucial role in developing a committed workforce that contributes towards the achievement of performance excellence in healthcare. The review uncovers that the Global Servant Leadership Scale is the most utilized measure of servant leadership in sector-specific studies in healthcare. Moreover, social exchange theory is the dominant underpinning mechanism explaining the influence of servant leadership on specific variables of interest. The findings further revealed that servant leadership has a positive relationship with a range of valued individual and organizational outcomes in healthcare. Our review contributes to the development of servant leadership theory and practice through ascertaining sector-specific studies in the territory of healthcare. We finally conclude by providing a detailed panorama for future healthcare-specific servant leadership research in terms of potential topics, methodological rigor, and less explored variables in prior studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Worku Demeke
- Department of Business Administration and Information Systems, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Management, Kotebe University of Education, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marloes L van Engen
- Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Solomon Markos
- Department of Business Administration and Information Systems, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jin J, Ikeda H. The Role of Empathic Communication in the Relationship between Servant Leadership and Workplace Loneliness: A Serial Mediation Model. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 38275346 PMCID: PMC10812758 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers have increasingly concentrated on loneliness in the workplace as a crucial factor influencing the mental health of employees and the viability of telework. In contrast, the current understanding of the strategies mitigating workplace loneliness and how leaders utilize their behaviors to impact followers' loneliness remains limited. Since servant leadership values the emotional needs of followers and displays a high level of empathy, this study investigated the direct and indirect effects of servant leadership on workplace loneliness. In this study, 267 employees (mean age = 31.5 years) from 28 provinces in China were recruited to participate in this survey. We proposed that servant leaders motivate their own empathic communication and other followers' empathic communication to reduce lonely followers' workplace loneliness. This research further examined the relationship between the leader's and colleagues' empathic communication, and the two jointly mediate the connection between servant leadership and followers' workplace loneliness. We constructed a serial mediation model to examine the relationships between servant leadership, leader's empathic communication, colleagues' empathic communication, and workplace loneliness. The results indicate that servant leadership creates a cycle of empathy and provides insights into building a culture of empathy to improve employee well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Jin
- Graduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8190382, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 8190382, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Barthel ADT, Buengeler C. Servant versus directive leadership and promotability: does leader gender matter? Front Psychol 2023; 14:957121. [PMID: 38146402 PMCID: PMC10749661 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.957121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Are leaders more promotable when they show servant or directive leadership - and does this hold for women and men alike? Servant leaders are likely seen as more effective, likable, and thus promotable but less prototypical than directive leaders. We argue that differing degrees of communion (i.e., warmth, morality) and agency (i.e., competence, dominance) underlie the relationship of servant and directive leadership with leaders' promotability. Based on expectancy-violation theory, we assume that men benefit more from servant leadership and women benefit more from directive leadership. Servant leadership aligns more with communion and stereotypes about women. In contrast, directive leadership aligns more with agency and stereotypes about men. These differences may result in gender-biased evaluations threatening fairness in leadership promotions. In a pre-study, servant leadership was more expected of women leaders than of men leaders. However, directive leadership was equally expected of women leaders and men leaders. An experimental vignette study (N = 454) revealed that servant leaders were seen as more effective, likable, and promotable than directive leaders, regardless of gender. Perceived leader warmth, morality, and competence were positively, and dominance was negatively, related to leader effectiveness and leader liking, which were positively related to leader promotability. We also investigated whether raters' gender role beliefs influenced the evaluations, which they did not (as reported in the Supplementary material). Concluding, women and men profit equally from exhibiting servant compared to directive leadership.
Collapse
|
19
|
Willis BW. Students' Perception of Servant Leadership by Physical Therapy Faculty Mentors Is Associated With Interprofessional Socialization. JOURNAL, PHYSICAL THERAPY EDUCATION 2023; 37:314-324. [PMID: 38478787 DOI: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Promoting interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) is necessary. Consequently, investigating strategies associated with increased interprofessional socialization, the beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes underlying socialization toward IPCP is suggested. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship, in the presence of control variables, between students' perception of servant leadership by physical therapy faculty mentors and interprofessional socialization. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Although faculty mentors are associated with influencing students' socialization process and servant leadership is suggested to support collaborative care, investigations exploring these concepts within physical therapy education are limited. SUBJECTS Three cohorts of students (60 each) at an entry-level physical therapist education program in the Midwest of the United States. One hundred seventy individuals completed an anonymous paper-based composite survey, with 117 identifying the presence of an informal physical therapy faculty mentor. METHODS This cross-sectional survey study, inclusive of student demographic control variables, examined the relationship between interprofessional socialization and perceptions of physical therapy faculty mentors, as measured by the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS-21) and the Servant Leadership Measure (SL-7), respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to obtain the semi-partial correlation (sr) between the SL-7 and the ISVS-21, with significance accepted at P < .05. RESULTS Upon necessary assumptions being met, 114 participants were included with an analysis of variance identifying the model to be significant (F(8,105) = 2.59, P = .01). Multiple linear regression analysis found that the SL-7, in the presence of control variables, was associated with a significant proportion of ISVS-21 scores (R2 = 0.17, F(8,105) = 2.59, P = .01). Notably, only the SL-7 demonstrated a significant contribution to ISVS-21 estimates (β = 0.358, P < .001), with a significant and positive sr of 0.34 (P < .001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Perceptions of servant leadership by faculty mentors were positively correlated with interprofessional socialization. Findings bolster the theoretical link between servant leadership and interprofessional socialization, servant leadership in the development of faculty and mentorship programs, and the relevance of informal social interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brad W Willis
- Brad W. Willis is the associate teaching professor in the Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences at the University of Missouri, 801 Clark Hall, 498 Turner Avenue, Columbia, MO ( ). Please address all correspondence to Brad W. Willis
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Madison K, Fernando J, Robberts J, Eva N. From hero to humility: Critical approaches to teaching servant leadership. New Dir Stud Leadersh 2023; 2023:37-47. [PMID: 38329211 DOI: 10.1002/yd.20579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growth of servant leadership research, current understandings of how to teach servant leadership are limited. Further, current approaches often reinforce heroic notions of servant leadership that do not adequately prepare learners to engage in leadership within their own lives. Against this backdrop, we integrate critical pedagogical approaches within servant leadership education. To do so, we outline several applications that focus on leader development, leadership development, and community leadership development as well as several critical considerations for educators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karryna Madison
- Department of Management, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judith Fernando
- Department of Management, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Robberts
- Department of Management, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Eva
- Department of Management, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Schumann F, Smolka M, Dienes Z, Lübbert A, Lukas W, Rees MG, Fucci E, van Vugt M. Beyond kindness: a proposal for the flourishing of science and scientists alike. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230728. [PMID: 38026042 PMCID: PMC10663797 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We argue that many of the crises currently afflicting science can be associated with a present failure of science to sufficiently embody its own values. Here, we propose a response beyond mere crisis resolution based on the observation that an ethical framework of flourishing derived from the Buddhist tradition aligns surprisingly well with the values of science itself. This alignment, we argue, suggests a recasting of science from a competitively managed activity of knowledge production to a collaboratively organized moral practice that puts kindness and sharing at its core. We end by examining how Flourishing Science could be embodied in academic practice, from individual to organizational levels, and how that could help to arrive at a flourishing of scientists and science alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schumann
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d’études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mareike Smolka
- Knowledge, Technology and Innovation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Human Technology Center, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Dienes
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Wolfgang Lukas
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Graz, Austria
| | | | - Enrico Fucci
- Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marieke van Vugt
- Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Quinteros-Durand R, Almanza-Cabe RB, Morales-García WC, Mamani-Benito O, Sairitupa-Sanchez LZ, Puño-Quispe L, Saintila J, Saavedra-Sandoval R, Paredes AF, Ramírez-Coronel AA. Influence of servant leadership on the life satisfaction of basic education teachers: the mediating role of satisfaction with job resources. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1167074. [PMID: 38023005 PMCID: PMC10643603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1167074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Life satisfaction is essential for teachers' work performance and student learning. Additionally, servant leadership has been shown to be one of the best leadership practices as it promotes employee well-being and satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction with job resources acts as a mediator in the relationship between servant leadership and life satisfaction by influencing individual and collective performance in the organization. Objective This research aimed to evaluate the mediating role of satisfaction with job resources in the relationship between servant leadership and life satisfaction. Methods The study was cross-sectional and explanatory. 620 teachers aged between 20 and 62 years (M = 35 and SD = 9.49) participated in the study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to measure life satisfaction, service leadership, and job resource satisfaction through the use of questionnaires. Results The results indicated that the model obtained an adequate fit, χ2 = 2,658, df = 551, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.941, TLI = 0.936, RMSEA = 0.079, SRMR = 0.070. The results confirm the positive influence of leadership on satisfaction with resources and life satisfaction. Additionally, a positive influence of satisfaction with job resources on life satisfaction was observed. Moreover, the mediation of job resources in servant leadership and life satisfaction was confirmed. Conclusion Servant leadership, supported by satisfaction with job resources, can reduce effort and associated costs, stimulate personal growth and learning, and improve the well-being of teachers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robinson B. Almanza-Cabe
- Escuela Profesional Gestión Pública y Desarrollo Social, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua, Peru
| | - Wilter C. Morales-García
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Posgrado en Salud, Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Oscar Mamani-Benito
- Facultad de Derecho y Humanidades, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Peru
| | - Liset Z. Sairitupa-Sanchez
- Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Lucy Puño-Quispe
- Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Juliaca, Peru
| | | | | | | | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Nursing Career, Azogues Campus, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cañar, Ecuador
- Laboratory of Psychometry, Comparative Psychology and Ethology, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Singh A, Yeravdekar R, Jadhav S. Investigating the influence of selected leadership styles on patient safety and quality of care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ LEADER 2023:leader-2023-000846. [PMID: 37821224 DOI: 10.1136/leader-2023-000846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a popular belief that transformational leadership (TL) and servant leadership (SL) styles are influential in establishing a patient safety (PS) culture and improving the quality of care (QC). However, there are very few review articles investigating this phenomenon. PURPOSE This study performs a systematic review and meta-analysis to ascertain the influences of TL and SL on PS and QC. METHODS Published research work indexed in the two popular databases, that is, Scopus and PubMed, was selected based on the inclusion criteria. The systematic review was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data such as country of publication, year, data type, research design, target population, sample size and conclusion were selected from the studies. RESULTS There are pieces of evidence suggesting a medium to strong effect of TL on PS. At the same time, the effect of TL on QC is not direct but indirect and is mediated through variables such as fostering positive organisational culture and enhancing organisational outcomes such as job satisfaction, leader effectiveness and willingness of nurses to spend some extra effort. A total of 27 studies were selected for final evaluation and 11 reported a relationship between TL and PS. The 'Fisher r-to-z transformed correlation coefficients' ranged from 0.3769 to 0.8673. Similarly, a total of four studies reported the relationship between TL and QC, 'Fisher r-to-z transformed correlation coefficients' ranged from 0.0802 to 0.5101, with most estimates being positive (80%). CONCLUSION TL has a strong and positive effect on PS but a positive and weak effect on the QC. There is not much evidence to establish SL's influence on PS and QC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Singh
- Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajiv Yeravdekar
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sammita Jadhav
- Symbiosis Institute of Health Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Van Quaquebeke N, Gerpott FH. Tell-and-sell or ask-and-listen: A self-concept perspective on why it needs leadership communication flexibility to engage subordinates at work. Curr Opin Psychol 2023; 53:101666. [PMID: 37597428 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Beneath the verbosity of modern leadership theories, there is a simple truth: leading people is essentially about communication. The respective communicative philosophies underlying leadership theories can be broadly separated into two camps: one arguing that leaders should tell-and-sell and one urging leaders to ask-and-listen. In the present essay, we first define the two communication approaches. Second, we outline how both approaches manage to engage subordinates but in different ways. Third, we review the appropriateness of each of these communication approaches under different circumstances, outlining why communicative flexibility is needed. Lastly, despite the advantages, we discuss that leaders will struggle to adopt communicative flexibility due to widespread simplistic leadership schemas-in research and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Van Quaquebeke
- KLU - Kühne Logistics University, Großer Grasbrook 17, 20457 Hamburg, Germany; University of Exeter, Business School, Rennes Dr, Exeter EX4 4PU, United Kingdom.
| | - Fabiola H Gerpott
- WHU - Otto Beisheim School of Management, Erkrather Straße 224a, 40233 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
FISCELLA KEVIN, EPSTEIN RONALDM. The Profound Implications of the Meaning of Health for Health Care and Health Equity. Milbank Q 2023; 101:675-699. [PMID: 37343061 PMCID: PMC10509522 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points The meaning of health in health care remains poorly defined, defaulting to a narrow, biomedical disease model. A national dialogue could create a consensus regarding a holistic and humanized definition of health that promotes health care transformation and health equity. Key steps for operationalizing a holistic meaning of health in health care include national leadership by federal agencies, intersectoral collaborations that include diverse communities, organizational and cultural change in medical education, and implementation of high-quality primary care. The 2023 report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on achieving whole health offers recommendations for action.
Collapse
|
26
|
Coun MJH, De Ruiter M, Peters P. At your service: supportiveness of servant leadership, communication frequency and communication channel fostering job satisfaction across generations. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1183203. [PMID: 37720648 PMCID: PMC10502177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study contributes to the conversations on the role of 'autonomy supportive' factors in employee wellbeing in remote work contexts by examining the relationships between servant leadership, communication frequency - overall and via synchronous (i.e., individual video-calls, individual telephone calls) and asynchronous communication channels (i.e., e-mail messages, and WhatsApp) - on the one hand, and job satisfaction, on the other, and the moderating role of generation (Baby Boomers and Gen X versus Gen Y) in these relationships. Method Building on self-determination theory, incorporating insights from servant leadership, telework, and media richness and synchronicity literatures, we developed hypotheses that were tested via multilevel analysis (273 employees nested in 89 managers). Results In line with expectations, servant leadership had a positive relationship with job satisfaction. Total communication frequency, however, was not related to job satisfaction. Further analyses per communication channel showed that only level 2 e-mail communication frequency was positively related to job satisfaction. In contrast to expectations, the relationships studied were not moderated by generation. Discussion We concluded that, for all generations, both servant leadership and frequent (e-mail) communication can be regarded as 'autonomy supportive' factors in employee wellbeing. Paradoxically, whereas servant leadership, considered as a human-centric leadership style, suggests close trust-based employment relationships, employees valued frequent asynchronous communication (via e-mail). Having access to information and knowledge when needed may satisfy employees' need for autonomy (and perhaps for flexibility to engage in work and non-work activities). The insights gained in our study can inform organizations, managers, and employees, particularly in future remote work contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie De Ruiter
- Center for Strategy, Organization and Leadership, Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, Netherlands
| | - Pascale Peters
- Center for Strategy, Organization and Leadership, Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, Netherlands
- Organization, Leadership and Management, Inland School of Business and Social Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xie L, Singh S, López OS. Flow's Core Prerequisites: The Role of Servant Leadership, Mindfulness and Work-Life Balance. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231195330. [PMID: 37585340 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231195330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Flow is an optimal mental state of being completely involved in one's activities. This correlational study explored an important, but rarely validated performance model in the workplace-flow. Building on the JD-R theory we recognized three key prerequisites of flow-servant leadership, work-life balance, and mindfulness. We analyzed 987 survey responses from two industries (service and manufacturing) in China. The study discovered that servant leadership, mindfulness, and work-life balance correlate with individual flow as key prerequisites. Further we discovered that the relationship between mindfulness and flow is moderated by the industry. Particularly, data from the manufacturing industry showed a positive relationship between mindfulness and flow but a negative relationship among service employees. Implications for performance and applied psychology research, theory, and practice are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Department of Organization, Workforce, and Leadership Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Shailen Singh
- Department of Organization, Workforce, and Leadership Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | - Omar S López
- Department of Organization, Workforce, and Leadership Studies, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bai M, Zheng X, Huang X, Jing T, Yu C, Li S, Zhang Z. How serving helps leading: mediators between servant leadership and affective commitment. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1170490. [PMID: 37465489 PMCID: PMC10351042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1170490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Servant leadership has long been associated with maintaining employee's affective commitment, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Research from non-western cultures remains scarce. Methods This study sought to fill in such research gap by introducing insights from social exchange theory perspective, and examined two potential mediators (viz., psychological safety and job burnout) with a largescale, representative Chinese sample. Results A total of 931 staffs in a Chinese hospital were surveyed, and structural equation models revealed that psychological safety (indirect effect = 0.052, 95% Bootstrap CI = [0.002, 0.101]) and job burnout (indirect effect = 0.277, 95% Bootstrap CI = [0.226, 0.331]) parallelly (and partially) mediated the effect of servant leadership on affective commitment. Moreover, these effects held the same between permanent and temporary staffs, as well as between male and female staffs. Discussion Results suggested that a leader's orientation to care, validate, and respond to their followers' needs was effective in creating a psychological safe environment and downplaying job burnout in workplace, in exchange to which, followers remained affectively committed to their organization in a long term. Not only did this study contribute to existing literature by providing non-western data for service leadership research, it also provided a deeper understanding of associated mechanisms of how servant leadership might cast on talent retain and organizational development in a long term. These mechanisms shed light on how serving helps leading and advocate servant leadership for hospitals, as well as other serving organizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayangzong Bai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Huang
- School of Business, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiantian Jing
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhao Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiruo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Slob H, van Geest P, Commandeur H. Caring for relations and organizational success-conceptualization of an Augustinian leadership scale. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1170855. [PMID: 37434885 PMCID: PMC10331605 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1170855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While making great strides in recent decades to connect leadership and human flourishing, the positive leadership literature has yet to focus on the aspect of the communal. Based on a close reading of Augustine's works, this paper examines Augustinian leadership and emphasizes the importance of a view on leadership that aims at community building and contains an ethical framework characterized by veracity. This leadership style is founded on caritas (Gr.: agape, Eng.: love) as the main motive for leaders. Based on Augustine's thinking, this kind of love is defined as a way to attain knowledge. We identify four subconstructs to constitute an Augustinian leadership scale: Centrality of the community, Veracity, Empathy and Success (through temperance). We provide theoretical grounds for the distinctiveness of this leadership construct as compared with neighboring constructs. Finally, we propose a testable framework of Augustinian leadership with a direct effect on affective commitment as well as a mediated effect, and with a sense of belonging as the mediating variable. We provide ideas for future research and present practical implications of the theoretical insights on Augustinian leadership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Slob
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Economics & Theology Institute, Erasmus Institute for Business Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul van Geest
- Erasmus School of Philosophy, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Erasmus Economics & Theology Institute, Erasmus Institute for Business Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biblical Sciences and Church History, Tilburg School of Catholic Thought, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Harry Commandeur
- Erasmus Economics & Theology Institute, Erasmus Institute for Business Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Elshaer IA, Azazz AMS, Kooli C, Alshebami AS, Zeina MMA, Fayyad S. Environmentally Specific Servant Leadership and Brand Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Green-Crafting Behavior and Employee-Perceived Meaningful Work. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1097-1116. [PMID: 37366787 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13060083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability and environmental concerns have become increasingly important in the business world, with organizations seeking to integrate sustainable practices and enhance their brand citizenship behavior. Servant leadership that is focused on the environment is a type of leadership approach that gives prominence to preserving and promoting environmental sustainability. This study aims to examine the impact of environmentally specific servant leadership on brand citizenship behavior, with a focus on the mediating roles of green-crafting behavior and employee-identified meaningful work. Drawing on data from a survey of 319 employees working in hotels, this study conducted partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test a dual-moderated mediation model to explore the direct and indirect effects of environmentally specific servant leadership on brand citizenship behavior. The results of this study reveal that environmentally specific servant leadership has a significant and positive impact on green-crafting behavior and employee meaningful work. Moreover, green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work both mediate the link between environmentally specific servant leadership and brand citizenship behavior. Specifically, green-crafting behavior acts as a mediator between environmentally specific servant leadership and employee-perceived meaningful work, while employee-perceived meaningful work mediates the link between green-crafting behavior and brand citizenship behavior. These findings have important implications for managers and organizations that seek to enhance their sustainability and brand citizenship behavior. Specifically, this study highlights the critical role of environmentally specific servant leadership (ESSL) in promoting green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work, which in turn influence brand citizenship behavior. Therefore, organizations can improve their brand citizenship performance by developing ESSL behaviors and practices that foster green-crafting behavior and employee-perceived meaningful work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Elshaer
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Alaa M S Azazz
- Department of Tourism and Hospitality, Arts College, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa 380, Saudi Arabia
- Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Chokri Kooli
- The Telfer School of Management, The University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Avenue East, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Mohammad M A Zeina
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sameh Fayyad
- Hotel Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, October 6 University, Giza 12573, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xiao Q, Liang X, Liu L, Klarin A, Zhang C. How do work–life balance programmes influence nurses' psychological well‐being? The role of servant leadership and learning goal orientation. J Adv Nurs 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.15654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
|
32
|
Ravet-Brown TÉ, Furtner M, Kallmuenzer A. Transformational and entrepreneurial leadership: A review of distinction and overlap. REVIEW OF MANAGERIAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11846-023-00649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEntrepreneurship represents a key motor of economic growth, and entrepreneurial leadership (EL) represents a vital constituent thereof. However, its examination remains factious, and integration with the wider leadership literature is fragmentary. EL is claimed by some as representing a construct distinct from extant leadership styles, even though the major contribution made by transformational leadership (TL) theory remains under-researched and under-reported. Furthermore, TL is often used to measure leaders in entrepreneurship, resulting in a lack of clarity regarding the relationship between TL and EL. Our study seeks to contribute to the literature by elucidating the distinction and overlap between the two leadership constructs, as currently defined by available questionnaires. To this end, conceptual work, current findings, and research practice are reviewed. Drawn from a final sample of 25 articles, our findings show appreciable conceptual divergence. However, questionnaires of EL overlap significantly with TL and are subject to validation and discriminant validity issues; many researchers furthermore continue to use TL questionnaires to measure EL. Very little compelling empirical evidence for divergent validity was found, though strong correlations between EL and TL were observed. Our study contributes an overview of EL from the viewpoint of leadership science, providing recommendations to entrepreneurship researchers examining EL. We suggest that future work should satisfy two main goals: the establishment of a conceptualization of EL which can empirically demonstrate divergent validity versus other, accepted measures of leadership, and the creation of a cogent and a specific theoretical model to support it.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zia MQ, Decius J, Naveed M, Ahmed S, Ghauri S. Committed, Healthy, and Engaged? Linking Servant Leadership and Adaptive Performance Through Sequential Mediation by Job Embeddedness and Burnout. JOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/15480518231158861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Research assumes an effect of servant leadership on adaptive performance but has neglected the psychological processes underlying this link. Based on Social Exchange Theory and Job Demands–Resources Theory, this study sheds light on how servant leadership triggers job embeddedness, adaptive performance, and mitigates burnout. It also examines the mediating roles of job embeddedness and burnout between servant leadership and adaptive performance. We used three-wave data of 318 employees and their supervisors in the hospitality industry of Pakistan, applying structural equation modeling to examine six main effect hypotheses and three mediation hypotheses. Our findings suggest that servant leadership practices foster employees’ job embeddedness and adaptive performance, and mitigate burnout. Job embeddedness and burnout sequentially mediate the relationship between servant leadership and adaptive performance. Further unraveling the mechanisms between servant leadership and adaptive performance, this study implies that managers should recognize employee-perceived servant leadership as an influential factor that enhances engagement and well-being and ultimately the adaptive performance of their followers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qamar Zia
- College of Aeronautical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Risalpur, Pakistan
| | - Julian Decius
- Faculty of Business Studies and Economics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- College of Business Management, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shiraz Ahmed
- College of Business Management, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Ghauri
- College of Business Management, Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jeong J, Kim BJ, Lee J. The effect of job insecurity on knowledge hiding behavior: The mediation of psychological safety and the moderation of servant leadership. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1108881. [PMID: 36992879 PMCID: PMC10040596 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1108881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global economy deteriorates because of the great shocks such as COVID-19 pandemic and wars among nations, the business environment is suffered from uncertainty and risk. To deal with it, several firms have attempted to maximize its efficiency via downsizing and restructuring to diminish costs. Thus, the degree of anxiety is increased among employees who worry about the loss of their job. The current research hypothesizes that job insecurity increases employees' knowledge hiding behavior by diminishing the degree of their psychological safety. In other words, psychological safety functions as the underlying process (i.e., mediator) in the job insecurity-knowledge hiding behavior link. Furthermore, this paper tries to examine the boundary condition of how to decrease the detrimental influence of job insecurity, focusing on the moderating effect of servant leadership. Utilizing a 3-wave time-lagged data from 365 Korean employees, we empirically demonstrated that employees who perceive job insecurity are less likely to perceive psychological safety, eventually increasing their knowledge hiding behavior. We also found that servant leadership functions as a positive moderator which buffers the negative impact of job insecurity on psychological safety. Theoretical and practical contributions are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoon Jeong
- College of Business, Korea University Business School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jik Kim
- College of Business, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Byung-Jik Kim
| | - Julak Lee
- Department of Industrial Security, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Julak Lee
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Babu N, Fletcher L, Pichler S, Budhwar P. What's trust got to do with it? Examining trust in leadership, psychological capital, and employee well‐being in a cross‐national context during Covid‐19. EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/emre.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaun Pichler
- California State University Fullerton California USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
How Does Servant Leadership Nurture Nurses’ Job Embeddedness? Uncovering Sequential Mediation of Psychological Contract Fulfillment and Psychological Ownership. J Nurs Manag 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7294334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Aim. This research aimed to explore how servant leadership nurtures nurses’ job embeddedness by uncovering the sequential mediation of psychological contract fulfillment and psychological ownership. Background. The healthcare of Pakistan is undergoing an acute shortage of 1.3 million nurses. The gap is widening due to unprecedented natural uncertainties (floods, earthquakes, COVID-19, dengue, polio, and monkeypox) and the large-scale brain drain of nurses. Therefore, exploring the underlying factors that could facilitate nurses’ job embeddedness is imperative. Methods. A cross-sectional research design was employed, wherein data were gathered in three rounds, two months apart, from 587 nurses employed in public hospitals in Pakistan, and analysis was performed with Smart-PLS. Results. Servant leadership positively influences nurses’ job embeddedness and psychological contract fulfillment. Besides, psychological contract fulfillment positively affects psychological ownership, and psychological ownership enhances nurses’ job embeddedness. Finally, psychological contract fulfillment and psychological ownership sequentially mediate the relationship between servant leadership and job embeddedness. Conclusions. This research emphasized the vitality of servant leadership in nurturing nurses’ job embeddedness. Implications for Nursing Management. Healthcare authorities should keenly focus on promoting servant leadership that shapes the positive perception of nurses about their psychological contract fulfillment and psychological ownership, which are essential resources to cherish nurses’ job embeddedness.
Collapse
|
37
|
Aryee S, Hsiung HH, Jo H, Chuang CH, Chiao YC. Servant leadership and customer service performance: testing social learning and social exchange-informed motivational pathways. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2023.2178905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Aryee
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Hsin-Hua Hsiung
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hyunyoung Jo
- King’s Business School, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chih-Hsun Chuang
- Department of Business Administration, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chiao
- Department of Business Administration, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bourgeois R, Guerbois C, Giva N, Mugabe P, Mukamuri B, Fynn R, Daré W, Motsholapheko M, Nare L, Delay E, Ducrot R, Bucuane J, Mercandalli S, Le Page C, Caron A. Using anticipation to unveil drivers of local livelihoods in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: A call for more environmental justice. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bourgeois
- CIRAD, UMR ART‐Dev Saint Louis Senegal
- ART‐Dev, Univ Montpellier, CNRS Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CIRAD Montpellier France
- CRA/ISRA Saint Louis Senegal
| | - Chloé Guerbois
- Sustainability Research Unit Nelson Mandela University George South Africa
- International Research Laboratory, REHABS CNRS‐Université Lyon 1‐NMU George South Africa
| | - Nicia Giva
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
| | - Prisca Mugabe
- Faculty of Animal Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Billy Mukamuri
- Centre for Applied Social Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe
| | - Richard Fynn
- Okavango Research Institute University of Botswana Maun Botswana
| | - William’s Daré
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | | | - Lerato Nare
- Institute of Development Studies National University of Science and Technology Bulawayo Zimbabwe
| | - Etienne Delay
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Raphaëlle Ducrot
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
- CIRAD UMR G‐eau Montpellier France
| | - Joaquim Bucuane
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Engenharia Florestal Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
| | - Sara Mercandalli
- ART‐Dev, Univ Montpellier, CNRS Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CIRAD Montpellier France
| | - Christophe Le Page
- CIRAD UMR SENS MUSE Montpellier France
- SENS Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 Montpellier France
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Forêts et Sociétés Univ Montpellier, CIRAD Montpellier France
- ASTRE Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, MUSE Montpellier France
- Faculdade de Veterinaria Universidade Eduardo Mondlane Maputo Mozambique
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang X, Kou F, Zhu K. The influence of responsible leadership on teachers' green behavior: The mediating role of psychological capital. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1117386. [PMID: 36760444 PMCID: PMC9905628 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1117386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the impact of responsible leadership on teachers' green behavior in Chinese university, and applied psychological capital as a mediator variable to establish a research model. A questionnaire was conducted with 303 teachers using convenience sampling. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data and Sobel was used to test the mediating relationships. The results show that responsible leadership has a positive yet significant effect on teachers' green behavior. It also shows positive impact on psychological capital. Furthermore, psychological capital is shown to positively impact teachers' green behavior, while having a mediating effect between responsible leadership and teachers' green behavior. This study enriches the research of teachers' green behavior and fill the gap in previous education management research. The research conclusions enable managers to better understand teachers' green behavior and provides them with theoretical guidance for promoting psychological capital and improving teachers' green behavior.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cai Z, Mao Y, Gong T, Xin Y, Lou J. The Effect of Servant Leadership on Work Resilience: Evidence from the Hospitality Industry during the COVID-19 Period. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1322. [PMID: 36674078 PMCID: PMC9858640 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a tremendous crisis for public health, which also has a profound impact on business and social activities because many countries restrict travel and social gatherings to avoid the spread of COVID-19. Workers suffer from mental health problems including depression and anxiety due to the uncertain work environment. Hence, psychological resilience, a positive psychological response to these challenges, is essential to the success of employees and companies. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory (COR), this paper investigates how the leadership style (i.e., servant leadership) enhances the work resilience of hospitality employees through two time-lagged empirical studies. Specifically, study 1 demonstrates a positive relationship between servant leadership and employees' work resilience. Study 2 replicates study 1's result and further demonstrates that emotional exhaustion mediates the relationship between servant leadership and employees' work resilience. Furthermore, study 2 finds a significant moderating effect of job complexity. The findings of this paper provide empirical evidence for practitioners to manage employees' resilience and psychological resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Xin
- SILC Business School, Shanghai University, 20 Chengzhong Road, Shanghai 201800, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hou H, Gai R, An L. The impact of environmentally-specific servant leadership on organizational green performance: The mediating role of green creativity. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1091025. [PMID: 36710816 PMCID: PMC9874675 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1091025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasingly prominent environmental problems caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions, many countries have put forward higher requirements for the green development of enterprises. Therefore, how to improve the green performance of enterprises has become a hot issue. Based on the social learning perspective, we examine the impact of environmentally-specific servant leadership on organizational green performance and test the mediating role of green creativity and the moderating role of power distance orientation. We test the theoretical framework by means of a questionnaire survey with a research sample of employees and their leaders working in the eastern coastal region of China. The results of the study suggest that: environmentally-specific servant leadership has a positive influence on organizational green performance; green creativity plays a mediating role between environmentally-specific servant leadership and organizational green performance; power distance orientation plays a moderating role between environmentally-specific servant leadership and green creativity; specifically, the higher the power distance orientation, the more significant the influence of environmentally-specific servant leadership on employees' green creativity. This study enriches the research on environmentally-specific servant leadership and proposes a new perspective on how to improve green performance in organizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- College of Business Administration, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruizhi Gai
- College of Information and Control Engineering, Shandong Vocational University of Foreign Affairs, Weihai, China
| | - Li An
- School of Business Administration, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jabber MA, Sakib MN, Rahman MM. Exploring the roles and challenges of the servant leadership: A critical examination of the Bangladesh police. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12782. [PMID: 36632108 PMCID: PMC9826839 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The police work relentlessly to control national, transnational, and economic cybercrimes despite the numerous internal, external, mental, physical, political, and social problems they face. This study attempted to assess the servant leadership (SL) roles of the police and the challenges they face with regard to SL practice. Using a self-directed survey questionnaire, the current study collected open-ended responses from 88 Bangladesh Police (BP) personnel ranking from Assistant Superintendent of Police to Additional Deputy Inspector General. The authors identified the SL roles of police, such as terrorism control, judicial assistance, empowering subordinates, engaging the community, police-media relationship, and contributing to the national economy. Besides, the participant observation method was used to explore several challenges that the police face in regard to SL practice, such as long working hours, inadequate logistical support, work stress, insufficient compensation package, and unfair promotion & performance appraisal system. This study recommended increasing cooperation among top and bottom-line police, including bottom-line police in decision-making authority, providing adequate logistic support and training and development opportunities to the police personnel, and ensuring fair promotion and performance appraisal system for the police.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdul Jabber
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmus Sakib
- Department of Management, Faculty of Business Studies, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Does servant leadership predict innovative behaviour above and beyond transformational leadership? Examining the role of affective commitment and creative self-efficacy. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-01-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the comparative effect of transformational and servant leadership and to determine incremental variance that servant leadership can explain in employee innovative behaviour above and beyond transformational leadership. This research also examines the competing mechanisms by which transformational and servant leadership influence innovative behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe data were gathered from 338 employees working in information technology firms of Pakistan and the proposed relationships were tested through partial least squares technique using SmartPLS software.FindingsThe results reveal that servant leadership not only exerts stronger influence on innovative behaviour, but also explains an incremental variance in innovative behaviour above and beyond transformational leadership. The findings further indicate that the impact of transformational leadership on innovative behaviour is better transmitted by affective commitment. On the contrary, the impact of servant leadership is better translated through creative self-efficacy.Practical implicationsThis research unravels the role of transformational and servant leadership in fostering innovative behaviour in knowledge-intensive organizations. Findings of this investigation also suggest that by following a two-pronged leadership strategy, managers can augment innovative behaviour by enhancing employees' creative self-efficacy and affective commitment.Originality/valueThis research provides initial empirical evidence regarding the incremental variance that servant leadership can explain in innovative behaviour above and beyond transformational leadership. Moreover, this research adds to leadership and innovation literature by unravelling the comparative effects of these two forms of leadership on innovative behaviour through theory-driven competing mechanisms.
Collapse
|
44
|
Luo Y, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Zhang K, Wang Y, Peng J. Humble leadership and its outcomes: A meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:980322. [PMID: 36619057 PMCID: PMC9811147 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.980322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of humble leadership has garnered attention from both researchers and practitioners. Unfortunately, despite the accumulation of recent findings on the effects of leader humility, a quantitative review remains scant. In addressing this void, this study is among the first to conduct a meta-analytic review of humble leadership and its outcomes. Eighty-four correlations (N = 16,534) from 53 independent studies are synthesized. The authors found that: (a) humble leadership is positively related to affective commitment (ρ = 0.56), affective trust (ρ = 0.62), creativity (ρ = 0.39), engagement (ρ = 0.40), leader-member exchange (LMX) (ρ = 0.58), job satisfaction (ρ = 0.51), organizational identification (ρ = 0.48), psychological empowerment (ρ = 0.33), self-efficacy (ρ = 0.24), task performance (ρ = 0.33), and voice (ρ = 0.34); and that (b) humble leadership contributes a significant incremental variance beyond transformational, servant, and ethical leadership in several crucial criterion variables, providing solid evidence for the construct's uniqueness. However, humble leadership does not explain incremental variance in some criterion variables, indicating that future studies should control for the influence of some positive leadership (e.g., transformational and servant leadership). Age, gender, study design, country, and year partially moderate the correlations of interest. We discuss our findings with caution and propose future research directions.
Collapse
|
45
|
The Role of the Leader in Fostering Employee Resilient Behaviors: A Multisource, Longitudinal Study. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:985-993. [PMID: 36069851 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to uncover the relationship between leadership behaviors (servant and resilient), leaders' psychological capital, and employee resilient behaviors over time, and we assess whether employee resilient behaviors and employee psychological capital mediate this relationship. METHODS Based on dyadic 3-wave data collected from 111 unique leader-follower pairs, we use time-lagged path analysis to test our hypotheses. RESULTS Servant leadership and leaders' psychological capital may strengthen employees' psychological capital, which in turn may foster resilient behaviors in employees over time. Resilient leadership was, however, negatively related to employee psychological capital on the short term but positively related to employee resilient behaviors over a 6-week time window. CONCLUSIONS Enacting servant leadership and resilient behavior and through their psychological capital leaders can foster resilient behaviors in employees.
Collapse
|
46
|
Beyond the call of duty: how servant leadership promotes discretionary and constructive efforts to effect workplace functional change. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: PEOPLE AND PERFORMANCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/joepp-06-2022-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PurposeGiven the intensified need to be responsive to change, employees' discretionary and constructive efforts, such as those aimed at effecting workplace functional change (i.e. taking charge), are required to enhance organizational effectiveness. Therefore, the authors reckon that due to their serving attitude of prioritizing the needs of others above the self and their motivational qualities, the servant leadership approach can enhance the confidence of subordinates' capabilities to perform a range of meaningful activities (i.e. role breadth self-efficacy; RBSE), which in turn should facilitate their engagement in taking charge.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 324 leader-subordinate dyads (i.e. academicians) from two federal universities in Nigeria. The authors assessed the measurement and structural models with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThis study found that servant leadership and RBSE were crucial enablers of subordinates' taking charge. Furthermore, a positive relationship between servant leadership and RBSE was found. Lastly, RBSE was a partial mediating mechanism partly underlying the positive relationship between servant leadership and taking charge.Practical implicationsSelecting and training leaders to practice servant leadership in Nigerian public universities may serve as a springboard for employees to take charge because it also enables them to develop their RBSE.Originality/valueThe current study sheds light on the psychological process through which servant leadership affects subordinates' taking charge by identifying RBSE as a crucial motivational state partly underlying the process.
Collapse
|
47
|
Ghasemy M, Frömbling L. A conditional time-varying multivariate latent growth curve model for the relationships between academics' servant leadership behavior, affective commitment, and job performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. QUALITY & QUANTITY 2022; 57:1-24. [PMID: 36405391 PMCID: PMC9667427 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-022-01568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In our study, we investigated the change patterns in academics' servant leadership behavior and affective commitment during and after the first Covid-19 lockdown (April 2020-August 2020) in Malaysia. Furthermore, we evaluated the influence of academics' servant leadership behavior on job performance through affective commitment. We applied additional analyses to determine the degree to which the two former constructs are influenced by age and academic rank. To do so, we leveraged multivariate latent growth curve (LGC) modeling in analyzing the longitudinal data collected from 220 academics at three time points over a course of four months during the Covid-19 pandemic. Our results showed that, while servant leadership and affective commitment were stable over time, servant leadership was a driver of affective commitment and job performance. We also observed that affective commitment significantly mediated the relationship between academics' servant leadership behavior and job performance. Moreover, we found interindividual differences in servant leadership and affective commitment in terms of age and academic rank at the beginning of the Covid-19 lockdown. Our multi-disciplinary research is among the limited number of studies applying a rigorous, longitudinal approach to examine behaviors (i.e., servant leadership and job performance) and attitudes (i.e., affective commitment) during the Covid-19 pandemic in higher education research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghasemy
- National Higher Education Research Institute (IPPTN), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
| | - Lena Frömbling
- Institute of Human Resource Management and Organizations (HRMO), School of Management Sciences and Technology (MST), Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen B, Wang L, Li B, Liu W. Work stress, mental health, and employee performance. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1006580. [PMID: 36425815 PMCID: PMC9679506 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak-as a typical emergency event-significantly has impacted employees' psychological status and thus has negatively affected their performance. Hence, along with focusing on the mechanisms and solutions to alleviate the impact of work stress on employee performance, we also examine the relationship between work stress, mental health, and employee performance. Furthermore, we analyzed the moderating role of servant leadership in the relationship between work stress and mental health, but the result was not significant. The results contribute to providing practical guidance for enterprises to improve employee performance in the context of major emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Biao Li
- School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weixing Liu
- Henan Research Platform Service Center, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Servant leadership and negative feedback-seeking behavior: integrating three theoretical perspectives. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
50
|
Weng A, Zhou L, Sun F. Life insurance salespeople linking work stressors to proactive behaviors by passion: Servant leadership as a moderator. Front Psychol 2022; 13:977981. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main sales force of life insurance companies, salespeople have accounted for more than 50% of life insurance sales channels over the years, playing a pivotal role in the development of the industry. Since the adoption of the model of employment at an agency, the commission income of life insurance salespeople has largely relied on their sales volume, which requires employee proactivity under a great number of stressors. However, because previous studies have analyzed stressors in a single dimension, our understanding of the relationship between work stressors and proactive behaviors remains limited. Applying self-determination theory, we investigated differential relationships between challenge/hindrance stressors and proactive behaviors, which were expected to be mediated by passion and moderated by servant leadership. In the sample of 332 insurance salespeople, there was a positive (negative) relationship between challenge (hindrance) stressors and proactive behaviors. In addition, passion mediated the relationship between stressors and proactive behaviors, and servant leadership moderated the relationship between stressors and passion. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Collapse
|