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Moiseenko VI, Apryatina VA, Gainetdinov RR, Apryatin SA. Trace Amine-Associated Receptors' Role in Immune System Functions. Biomedicines 2024; 12:893. [PMID: 38672247 PMCID: PMC11047934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trace amines are a separate, independent group of biogenic amines, close in structure to classical monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine that include many products of the endogenous or bacteria-mediated decarboxylation of amino acids. A family of G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptors (in humans, TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, and TAAR9) that senses trace amines was discovered relatively recently. They are mostly investigated for their involvement in the olfaction of volatile amines encoding innate behaviors and their potential contribution to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but the expression of the TAAR family of receptors is also observed in various populations of cells in the immune system. This review is focused on the basic information of the interaction of trace amines and their receptors with cells of the general immune systems of humans and other mammals. We also overview the available data on TAARs' role in the function of individual populations of myeloid and lymphoid cells. With further research on the regulatory role of the trace amine system in immune functions and on uncovering the contribution of these processes to the pathogenesis of the immune response, a significant advance in the field could be expected. Furthermore, the determination of the molecular mechanisms of TAARs' involvement in immune system regulation and the further investigation of their potential chemotactic role could bring about the development of new approaches for the treatment of disorders related to immune system dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sergey A. Apryatin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Del Rio B, Fernandez M, Redruello B, Ladero V, Alvarez MA. New insights into the toxicological effects of dietary biogenic amines. Food Chem 2024; 435:137558. [PMID: 37783126 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BA) are molecules with biological functions, which can accumulate at toxic concentrations in foods. Several microorganisms have been identified as responsible for their accumulation at elevated concentrations. Histamine, tyramine and putrescine are the BA most commonly found at highest concentrations. The ingestion of food containing high BA concentrations leads to intoxication with symptoms depending on the BA and the amount consumed. Moreover, there is evidence of synergy between different BA, something of toxicological importance given that some foods accumulate different BA. This work reviews the BA toxic effects and examines recent discoveries regarding their synergy, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. These advances in the toxicological consequences of ingesting BA contaminated foods support the need to regulate their presence in foods to preserve the consumer's health. However, more research efforts -focused on the establishment of risk assessments- are needed to reach a consensus in their limits in different food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Del Rio
- Department of Dairy Product Technology and Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, IPLA, CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain; Health Research Institute in the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Fernandez
- Department of Dairy Product Technology and Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, IPLA, CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain; Health Research Institute in the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Begoña Redruello
- Department of Dairy Product Technology and Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, IPLA, CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain; Health Research Institute in the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Victor Ladero
- Department of Dairy Product Technology and Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, IPLA, CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain; Health Research Institute in the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Alvarez
- Department of Dairy Product Technology and Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, IPLA, CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain; Health Research Institute in the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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3
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Park SJ, Greer PL, Lee N. From odor to oncology: non-canonical odorant receptors in cancer. Oncogene 2024; 43:304-318. [PMID: 38087050 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Odorant receptors, traditionally associated with olfaction as chemoreceptors, have been increasingly recognized for their presence and diverse functions in various non-nasal tissues throughout the body. Beyond their roles in sensory perception, emerging evidence suggests a compelling interplay between odorant receptors and cancer progression as well. Alongside the canonical GPCR odorant receptors, dysregulation of non-canonical odorant receptors such as trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), and membrane-spanning 4A family (MS4As) has been observed in various cancer types, suggesting their contributions to cancer progression. The roles of these non-canonical chemoreceptors in cancer are complex, with some receptors promoting tumorigenesis and others acting as tumor-suppressing factors upon activation, depending on the cancer type. These findings shed light on the potential of non-canonical odorant receptors as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers in cancer, inviting further exploration to unravel their precise mechanisms of action and implications in cancer biology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationships between these chemoreceptors and various types of cancer, potentially paving the way for innovative odor-based therapeutics. Ultimately, this review discusses the potential development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting these non-canonical chemoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Park
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Paul L Greer
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Namgyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Barnes DA, Hoener MC, Moore CS, Berry MD. TAAR1 Regulates Purinergic-induced TNF Secretion from Peripheral, But Not CNS-resident, Macrophages. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:100-111. [PMID: 36380156 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-022-10053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is an established neuroregulatory G protein-coupled receptor with recent studies suggesting additional functions related to immunomodulation. Our lab has previously investigated TAAR1 expression within cells of the innate immune system and herein we aim to further elucidate TAAR1 function in both peripherally-derived and CNS-resident macrophages. The selective TAAR1 agonist RO5256390 was used in combination with common damage associated molecular patterns (ATP and ADP) to observe the effect of TAAR1 agonism on modulating cytokine secretion and metabolic profiles. In mouse bone-marrow derived macrophages, TAAR1 agonism inhibited TNF secretion following ATP stimulation, which appeared to be downstream of an associated pro-inflammatory shift in metabolic profile and transcriptional regulation of TNF synthesis. In contrast, TAAR1 agonism had no effect on ADP-induced TNF and IL-6 secretion in mouse microglia in either the presence or absence of astrocytes. In summary, we report a novel interaction between TAAR1 and purinergic signaling in peripherally-derived, but not CNS-resident, macrophages. These findings provide the first evidence of trace aminergic and purinergic crosstalk, and support the potential for TAAR1 as a novel therapeutic target in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Marius C Hoener
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Craig S Moore
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Mark D Berry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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5
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Pardella E, Ippolito L, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Nutritional and metabolic signalling through GPCRs. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2364-2381. [PMID: 35776088 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated metabolism is a well-known feature of several challenging diseases, including diabetes, obesity and cancer. Besides their important role as intracellular bioenergetic molecules, dietary nutrients and metabolic intermediates are released in the extracellular environment. As such, they may achieve unconventional roles as hormone-like molecules by activating cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate several pathophysiological processes. In this review, we provide an insight into the role of lactate, succinate, fatty acids, amino acids, ketogenesis-derived and β-oxidation-derived intermediates as extracellular signalling molecules. Moreover, the mechanisms by which their cognate metabolite-sensing GPCRs integrate nutritional and metabolic signals with specific intracellular pathways will be described. A better comprehension of these aspects is of fundamental importance to identify GPCRs as novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pardella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Ippolito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Chiarugi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
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6
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Dedic N, Dworak H, Zeni C, Rutigliano G, Howes OD. Therapeutic Potential of TAAR1 Agonists in Schizophrenia: Evidence from Preclinical Models and Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413185. [PMID: 34947997 PMCID: PMC8704992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric disorders due to its ability to modulate monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. In particular, agonist compounds have generated interest as potential treatments for schizophrenia and other psychoses due to TAAR1-mediated regulation of dopaminergic tone. Here, we review unmet needs in schizophrenia, the current state of knowledge in TAAR1 circuit biology and neuropharmacology, including preclinical behavioral, imaging, and cellular evidence in glutamatergic, dopaminergic and genetic models linked to the pathophysiology of psychotic, negative and cognitive symptoms. Clinical trial data for TAAR1 drug candidates are reviewed and contrasted with antipsychotics. The identification of endogenous TAAR1 ligands and subsequent development of small-molecule agonists has revealed antipsychotic-, anxiolytic-, and antidepressant-like properties, as well as pro-cognitive and REM-sleep suppressing effects of TAAR1 activation in rodents and non-human primates. Ulotaront, the first TAAR1 agonist to progress to randomized controlled clinical trials, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenia, while another, ralmitaront, is currently being evaluated in clinical trials in schizophrenia. Coupled with the preclinical findings, this provides a rationale for further investigation and development of this new pharmacological class for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dedic
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA; (H.D.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Heather Dworak
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA; (H.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - Courtney Zeni
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA 01752, USA; (H.D.); (C.Z.)
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
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7
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Strassheim D, Sullivan T, Irwin DC, Gerasimovskaya E, Lahm T, Klemm DJ, Dempsey EC, Stenmark KR, Karoor V. Metabolite G-Protein Coupled Receptors in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3347. [PMID: 34943862 PMCID: PMC8699532 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have originally been described as a family of receptors activated by hormones, neurotransmitters, and other mediators. However, in recent years GPCRs have shown to bind endogenous metabolites, which serve functions other than as signaling mediators. These receptors respond to fatty acids, mono- and disaccharides, amino acids, or various intermediates and products of metabolism, including ketone bodies, lactate, succinate, or bile acids. Given that many of these metabolic processes are dysregulated under pathological conditions, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity, receptors of endogenous metabolites have also been recognized as potential drug targets to prevent and/or treat metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This review describes G protein-coupled receptors activated by endogenous metabolites and summarizes their physiological, pathophysiological, and potential pharmacological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Timothy Sullivan
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - David C. Irwin
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dwight J. Klemm
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Edward C. Dempsey
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA; (D.S.); (T.S.); (D.C.I.); (E.G.); (D.J.K.); (E.C.D.); (K.R.S.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA;
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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8
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Barnes DA, Galloway DA, Hoener MC, Berry MD, Moore CS. TAAR1 Expression in Human Macrophages and Brain Tissue: A Potential Novel Facet of MS Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111576. [PMID: 34769007 PMCID: PMC8584001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
TAAR1 is a neuroregulator with emerging evidence suggesting a role in immunomodulation. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Here, we investigate TAAR1 expression in human primary monocytes, peripherally-derived macrophages, and MS brain tissue. RT-qPCR was used to assess TAAR1 levels in MS monocytes. Using a previously validated anti-human TAAR1 antibody and fluorescence microscopy, TAAR1 protein was visualized in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated or basal human macrophages, as well as macrophage/microglia populations surrounding, bordering, and within a mixed active/inactive MS lesion. In vivo, TAAR1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in MS monocytes compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. In vitro, TAAR1 protein showed a predominant nuclear localization in quiescent/control macrophages with a shift to a diffuse intracellular distribution following lipopolysaccharide-induced activation. In brain tissue, TAAR1 protein was predominantly expressed in macrophages/microglia within the border region of mixed active/inactive MS lesions. Considering that TAAR1-mediated anti-inflammatory effects have been previously reported, decreased mRNA in MS patients suggests possible pathophysiologic relevance. A shift in TAAR1 localization following pro-inflammatory activation suggests its function is altered in pro-inflammatory states, while TAAR1-expressing macrophages/microglia bordering an MS lesion supports TAAR1 as a novel pharmacological target in cells directly implicated in MS neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (D.A.B.); (M.D.B.)
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada;
| | - Dylan A. Galloway
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada;
| | - Marius C. Hoener
- Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Rare Diseases DTA, pRED, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Mark D. Berry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Ave, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; (D.A.B.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Craig S. Moore
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-709-864-4955
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9
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Alessio N, Squillaro T, Lettiero I, Galano G, De Rosa R, Peluso G, Galderisi U, Di Bernardo G. Biomolecular Evaluation of Piceatannol's Effects in Counteracting the Senescence of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Candidate for Senotherapeutics? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111619. [PMID: 34769049 PMCID: PMC8583715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several investigations on senescence and its causative role in aging have underscored the importance of developing senotherapeutics, a field focused on killing senescent cells and/or preventing their accumulation within tissues. Using polyphenols in counteracting senescence may facilitate the development of senotherapeutics given their presence in the human diet, their confirmed tolerability and absence of severe side effects, and their role in preventing senescence and inducing the death of senescent cells. Against that background, we evaluated the effect of piceatannol, a natural polyphenol, on the senescence of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which play a key role in the body's homeostasis. Among our results, piceatannol reduced the number of senescent cells both after genotoxic stress that induced acute senescence and in senescent replicative cultures. Such senotherapeutics activity, moreover, promoted the recovery of cell proliferation and the stemness properties of MSCs. Altogether, our findings demonstrate piceatannol's effectiveness in counteracting senescence by targeting its associated pathways and detecting and affecting P53-dependent and P53-independent senescence. Our study thus suggests that, given piceatannol's various mechanisms to accomplish its pleiotropic activities, it may be able to counteract any senescent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Alessio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Ida Lettiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
| | - Giovanni Galano
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro P.S.I. Napoli Est-Barra, 80147 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Roberto De Rosa
- ASL Napoli 1 Centro P.S.I. Napoli Est-Barra, 80147 Naples, Italy; (G.G.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: (U.G.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Giovanni Di Bernardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (N.A.); (T.S.); (I.L.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: (U.G.); (G.D.B.)
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Abstract
Odors may be pleasant or unpleasant and in practice, pleasant odors are attractive while unpleasant odors are repellent. However, an odor that is noxious to one species may be attractive to another. Plants, predators, and pathogens may enhance their transmission by manipulating these signals. This may be especially significant when odors attract arthropod disease vectors. Odor detection may also be important in small prey species for evasion of macropredators such as large carnivores. Conversely, pleasant odors may identify family members, parents, or sexual partners. They may also generate signals of good health or fitness and contribute to the process of mate selection. In this review, we seek to integrate these odor-driven processes into a coherent pattern of behaviors that serve to complement the innate and adaptive immune systems. It may be considered the 'behavioral immune system'.
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11
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Kong Q, Zhang H, Wang M, Zhang J, Zhang Y. The TAAR1 inhibitor EPPTB suppresses neuronal excitability and seizure activity in mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 171:142-149. [PMID: 33811954 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are extensively distributed and play an important role in human health by serving as therapeutic targets for various diseases. As one of the GPCRs, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) has recently aroused increasing interest as a potential therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders. However, the effect of TAAR1 on epileptic seizures remains unclear. We hypothesized that TAAR1 plays an important role in epilepsy and might represent a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we analyzed a mouse epilepsy model and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and observed substantially increased TAAR1 expression compared with the control group. In recordings of hippocampal slices, the TAAR1-specific inhibitor N-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide (EPPTB) suppressed the excitability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. EPPTB also reduced seizure-like events (SLEs) and seizure activity. Our results suggest that EPPTB attenuates seizure activity and that TAAR1 might be a potential drug target for individuals with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Kong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China
| | - Junchen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yanke Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, PR China.
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12
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Cosín-Roger J, Ortiz-Masia D, Barrachina MD, Calatayud S. Metabolite Sensing GPCRs: Promising Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment? Cells 2020; 9:cells9112345. [PMID: 33113952 PMCID: PMC7690732 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors constitute the most diverse and largest receptor family in the human genome, with approximately 800 different members identified. Given the well-known metabolic alterations in cancer development, we will focus specifically in the 19 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which can be selectively activated by metabolites. These metabolite sensing GPCRs control crucial processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and survival after their activation. In the present review, we will describe the main functions of these metabolite sensing GPCRs and shed light on the benefits of their potential use as possible pharmacological targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cosín-Roger
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963851234
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masia
- Departament of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Maria Dolores Barrachina
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Calatayud
- Departament of Pharmacology and CIBER, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.D.B.); (S.C.)
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Pretorius L, Smith C. The trace aminergic system: a gender-sensitive therapeutic target for IBS? J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:95. [PMID: 32981524 PMCID: PMC7520957 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a lack of specific or sensitive biomarkers, drug discovery advances have been limited for individuals suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While current therapies provide symptomatic relief, inflammation itself is relatively neglected, despite the presence of chronic immune activation and innate immune system dysfunction. Moreover, considering the microgenderome concept, gender is a significant aetiological risk factor. We believe that we have pinpointed a "missing link" that connects gender, dysbiosis, diet, and inflammation in the context of IBS, which may be manipulated as therapeutic target. The trace aminergic system is conveniently positioned at the interface of the gut microbiome, dietary nutrients and by-products, and mucosal immunity. Almost all leukocyte populations express trace amine associated receptors and significant amounts of trace amines originate from both food and the gut microbiota. Additionally, although IBS-specific data are sparse, existing data supports an interpretation in favour of a gender dependence in trace aminergic signalling. As such, trace aminergic signalling may be altered by fluctuations of especially female reproductive hormones. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, this review discusses potential mechanisms of actions, which include hyperreactivity of the immune system and aberrant serotonin signalling, and links outcomes to the symptomology clinically prevalent in IBS. Taken together, it is feasible that the additional level of regulation by the trace aminergic system in IBS has been overlooked, until now. As such, we suggest that components of the trace aminergic system be considered targets for future therapeutic action, with the specific focus of reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesha Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7062, South Africa
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7062, South Africa.
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Li C, Chen W, Zhang M, Zhang C, Cao B, Dong B, Qi S, Zhang Y, Fei X, Li X, Li R, Wang J, Li G. Modulatory effects of Xihuang Pill on lung cancer treatment by an integrative approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110533. [PMID: 32739739 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has a rapidly increasing incidence and remains the highest ranked cancer in terms of mortality worldwide. Xihuang Pill(XHW), a famous four-herb traditional Chinese formulation, has been used to treat lung cancer in China for more than 100 years. It is usually prescribed as a complementary and alternative medicine for cancer therapy. However, the main active ingredients of XHW that treat lung cancer and their regulatory effects remain unclear. Here, we revealed modulatory effects effects of XHW on lung cancer in a mouse model of Lewis lung cancer (LLC) by a comprehensive strategy combining network pharmacology with metabolomics. The results demonstrated that XHW inhibited tumour growth in this model. Additionally, 11 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in the XHW group compared to those in the model group or normal group by untargeted metabolomics. They were enriched in amino acid-related metabolic pathways, and the top three pathways were phenylalanine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. A total of 107 active components derived from Niuhuang, Shexiang, Ruxiang and Moyao, directly acted on 13 important targets (NR3C2, AKR1D1, MPO, PNP, NT5E, TAAR1, ADRB2, ADRB1, ADRA1A, ADRA2B, ADRA2A, MAOA and MAOB) to regulate 4 metabolites (L-phenylalanine, l-adrenaline, corticosterone and guanosine). Our results suggested that the key metabolites of XHW involved in the treatment of lung cancer were regulated by a multi-component and multi-target interaction network. This research elucidated the modulatory effect and therapeutic advantages of XHW treatment for lung tumours through an integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Congen Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bin Dong
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shuya Qi
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaofei Fei
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xingjie Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - RuiSheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Guohui Li
- National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Involvement of Organic Cation Transporter 2 and a Na +-dependent active transporter in p-tyramine transport across Caco-2 intestinal cells. Life Sci 2020; 253:117696. [PMID: 32334013 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have previously demonstrated that p-tyramine (TYR), an endogenous trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist, passage across neuronal membranes involves a transporter exhibiting the pharmacological profile of Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2). Since TYR is also a constituent of foodstuffs and produced by the intestinal microbiota, here we have investigated whether similar processes are involved in the passage of 100 nM TYR across apical and basolateral membranes of the Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS [3H]TYR transport across apical and basolateral membranes of Caco-2 cell monolayers was measured in the presence of inhibitors of TYR metabolizing enzymes. Cellular, apical, and basolateral compartments were collected at various timepoints, TYR concentrations calculated, and transport properties pharmacologically characterized. KEY FINDINGS Apical transport resulted in equimolar accumulation of TYR within cells. Pentamidine (OCT1/OCT2 inhibitor) decreased apical transport (P = 0.001) while atropine (OCT1 inhibitor) had no effect, suggesting apical transport involved OCT2. In contrast, basolateral transport resulted in 500-1000 nM cellular concentrations (P < 0.0001) indicating the presence of an active transporter. Replacement of Na+ on an equimolar basis with choline resulted in loss of TYR transport (P = 0.017). Unexpectedly, this active transport was also atropine-sensitive (P = 0.020). Kinetic analysis of the active transporter revealed Vmax = 43.0 nM/s with a Kt = 33.1 nM. SIGNIFICANCE We have demonstrated for the first time that TYR is transported across Caco-2 apical membranes via facilitated diffusion by OCT2, whereas transport across basolateral membranes is by a Na+-dependent, atropine-sensitive, active transporter.
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Andersen G, Marcinek P, Sulzinger N, Schieberle P, Krautwurst D. Food sources and biomolecular targets of tyramine. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:107-115. [PMID: 30165672 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyramine is a biogenic trace amine that is generated via the decarboxylation of the amino acid tyrosine. At pico- to nanomolar concentrations, it can influence a multitude of physiological mechanisms, exhibiting neuromodulatory properties as well as cardiovascular and immunological effects. In humans, the diet is the primary source of physiologically relevant tyramine concentrations, which are influenced by a large number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Among these factors are the availability of tyrosine in food, the presence of tyramine-producing bacteria, the environmental pH, and the salt content of food. The process of fermentation provides a particularly good source of tyramine in human nutrition. Here, the potential impact of dietary tyramine on human health was assessed by compiling quantitative data on the tyramine content in a variety of foods and then conducting a brief review of the literature on the physiological, cellular, and systemic effects of tyramine. Together, the data sets presented here may allow both the assessment of tyramine concentrations in food and the extrapolation of these concentrations to gauge the physiological and systemic effects in the context of human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole Sulzinger
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Actions of Trace Amines in the Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis via Trace Amine-Associated Receptor-1 (TAAR1). Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:191-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Shi X, Swanson TL, Miner NB, Eshleman AJ, Janowsky A. Activation of Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 Stimulates an Antiapoptotic Signal Cascade via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:493-504. [PMID: 31409621 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is highly addictive and neurotoxic, causing cell death in humans and in rodent models. MA, along with many of its analogs, is an agonist at the G protein-coupled trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). TAAR1 activation protects against MA-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that TAAR1 plays a role in regulating MA-induced neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms involved in TAAR1's role in neurotoxicity and cell death have not been described in detail. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis pathway in Taar1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice and in cells expressing the recombinant receptor. Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, was upregulated ∼3-fold in the midbrain area (substantial nigra and ventral tegmental area) in Taar1 KO compared with WT mice, and MA significantly increased Bcl-2 expression in WT mice but decreased Bcl-2 expression in KO mice. The proapoptotic protein Bax did not differ across genotype or in response to MA. Bcl-2 expression was significantly upregulated by the TAAR1 agonist RO5166017 ((S)-4-[(ethyl-phenyl-amino)-methyl]-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-ylamine) in cells expressing the recombinant mouse TAAR1. Additionally, activation of TAAR1 by RO5166017 increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and protein kinase B (AKT), but only inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation prevented TAAR1-induced increases in Bcl-2 levels, indicating that TAAR1 activation increases Bcl-2 through an ERK1/2-dependent pathway. All changes to ERK1/2 pathway intermediates were blocked by the TAAR1 antagonist, N-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide. These findings suggest that TAAR1 activation protects against MA-induced cell apoptosis and TAAR1 may play a role in cell death in neurodegenerative diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Methamphetamine stimulates TAAR1, a G protein-coupled receptor. The role and mechanisms for TAAR1 in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity are not known. Here, we report that, in genetic mouse models and cells expressing the recombinant receptor, TAAR1 activates the ERK1/2 pathway but not the AKT pathway to upregulate the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, which protects cells from drug-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shi
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tracy L Swanson
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nicholas B Miner
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amy J Eshleman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon (X.S., T.L.S., N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.); and The Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center (X.S., A.J.) and Departments of Psychiatry (X.S., T.L.S., A.J.E., A.J.) and Behavioral Neuroscience (N.B.M., A.J.E., A.J.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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TAAR1 levels and sub-cellular distribution are cell line but not breast cancer subtype specific. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 152:155-166. [PMID: 31111198 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Trace amine-associated receptors are G protein-coupled receptors of which TAAR1 is the most well-studied. Recently, Vattai et al. (J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 143:1637-1647 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-017-2420-8 , 2017) reported that expression of TAAR1 may be a marker of breast cancer (BC) survival, with a positive correlation also suggested between TAAR1 expression and HER2 positivity. Neither a role for TAAR1 in breast tissue, nor in cancer, had previously been suspected. We, therefore, sought to provide independent validation and to further examine these putative relationships. First, a bioinformatic analysis on 58 total samples including normal breast tissue, BC-related cell lines, and tumour samples representing different BC sub-types found no clear correlation between TAAR1 mRNA levels and any BC subtype, including HER2 + . We next confirmed the bioinformatics data correlated to protein expression using a well validated anti-human TAAR1 antibody. TAAR1 mRNA levels correlated with the relative intensity of immunofluorescence staining in six BC cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, MDA-MB-468, BT-474), but not in the MCF-10A immortalized mammary gland line, which had high mRNA but low protein levels. As expected, TAAR1 protein was intracellular in all cell lines. Surprisingly MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-468 showed pronounced nuclear localization. The relative protein expression in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A lines was further confirmed by semi-quantitative flow cytometry. Finally, we demonstrate that the commercially available anti-TAAR1 antibody has poor selectivity, which likely explains the lack of correlation with the previous study. Therefore, while we clearly demonstrate variable expression and sub-cellular localization of TAAR1 across BC cell lines, we find no evidence for association with BC subtype.
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20
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Maßberg D, Hatt H. Human Olfactory Receptors: Novel Cellular Functions Outside of the Nose. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1739-1763. [PMID: 29897292 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are not exclusively expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons; they are also observed outside of the olfactory system in all other human tissues tested to date, including the testis, lung, intestine, skin, heart, and blood. Within these tissues, certain ORs have been determined to be exclusively expressed in only one tissue, whereas other ORs are more widely distributed in many different tissues throughout the human body. For most of the ectopically expressed ORs, limited data are available for their functional roles. They have been shown to be involved in the modulation of cell-cell recognition, migration, proliferation, the apoptotic cycle, exocytosis, and pathfinding processes. Additionally, there is a growing body of evidence that they have the potential to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, as ORs are highly expressed in different cancer tissues. Interestingly, in addition to the canonical signaling pathways activated by ORs in olfactory sensory neurons, alternative pathways have been demonstrated in nonolfactory tissues. In this review, the existing data concerning the expression, as well as the physiological and pathophysiological functions, of ORs outside of the nose are highlighted to provide insights into future lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Maßberg
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology , Bochum , Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Department of Cell Physiology , Bochum , Germany
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21
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Abstract
Trace amines are endogenous compounds classically regarded as comprising β-phenylethyalmine, p-tyramine, tryptamine, p-octopamine, and some of their metabolites. They are also abundant in common foodstuffs and can be produced and degraded by the constitutive microbiota. The ability to use trace amines has arisen at least twice during evolution, with distinct receptor families present in invertebrates and vertebrates. The term "trace amine" was coined to reflect the low tissue levels in mammals; however, invertebrates have relatively high levels where they function like mammalian adrenergic systems, involved in "fight-or-flight" responses. Vertebrates express a family of receptors termed trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs). Humans possess six functional isoforms (TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, and TAAR9), whereas some fish species express over 100. With the exception of TAAR1, TAARs are expressed in olfactory epithelium neurons, where they detect diverse ethological signals including predators, spoiled food, migratory cues, and pheromones. Outside the olfactory system, TAAR1 is the most thoroughly studied and has both central and peripheral roles. In the brain, TAAR1 acts as a rheostat of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic neurotransmission and has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. In the periphery, TAAR1 regulates nutrient-induced hormone secretion, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity. TAAR1 may also regulate immune responses by regulating leukocyte differentiation and activation. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of the evolution, physiologic functions, pharmacology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of trace amines and their receptors in vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul R Gainetdinov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
| | - Marius C Hoener
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
| | - Mark D Berry
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (R.R.G.); Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology (Skoltech), Moscow, Russia (R.R.G.); Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, pRED, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (M.C.H.); and Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (M.D.B.)
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Christian SL, Berry MD. Trace Amine-Associated Receptors as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Immunomodulatory Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:680. [PMID: 30013475 PMCID: PMC6036138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace amines and their receptors (trace amine-associated receptors; TAARs) are an emerging pharmacological target for the treatment of human disorders. While most studies have focused on their therapeutic potential for neurologic and psychiatric disorders, TAARs are also expressed throughout the periphery, including prominent expression in human leukocytes. Furthermore, recent independent, unbiased metabolomic studies have consistently identified one or more TAAR ligands as potential etiologic factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The putative role of TAARs in diseases such as IBD that are associated with hyperactive immune responses has not, however, previously been systematically addressed. Here, we review the current state of the knowledge of the effects of TAARs on leukocyte function, in particular in the context of mucosal epithelial cells that interface with the environment; developing a model whereby TAARs may be considered as a novel therapeutic target for disorders associated with dysregulated immune responses to environmental factors. In this model, we hypothesize that altered trace amine homeostasis results in hyperactivity of the immune system. Such loss of homeostasis can occur through many different mechanisms including TAAR polymorphisms and altered trace amine load due to changes in host synthesis and/or degradative enzymes, diet, or microbial dysbiosis. The resulting alterations in TAAR functioning can then lead to a loss of homeostasis of leukocyte chemotaxis, differentiation, and activation, as well as an altered ability of members of the microbiota to adhere to and penetrate the epithelial cell layers. Such changes would generate a pro-inflammatory state at mucosal epithelial barrier layers that can manifest as clinical symptomatology such as that seen in IBD. These alterations may also have the potential to induce systemic effects, which could possibly contribute to immunomodulatory disorders in other systems, including neurological diseases.
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Berry MD, Gainetdinov RR, Hoener MC, Shahid M. Pharmacology of human trace amine-associated receptors: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:161-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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The role of G protein-coupled receptors in lymphoid malignancies. Cell Signal 2017; 39:95-107. [PMID: 28802842 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
B cell lymphoma consists of multiple individual diseases arising throughout the lifespan of B cell development. From pro-B cells in the bone marrow, through circulating mature memory B cells, each stage of B cell development is prone to oncogenic mutation and transformation, which can lead to a corresponding lymphoma. Therapies designed against individual types of lymphoma often target features that differ between malignant cells and the corresponding normal cells from which they arise. These genetic changes between tumor and normal cells can include oncogene activation, tumor suppressor gene repression and modified cell surface receptor expression. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important class of cell surface receptors that represent an ideal target for lymphoma therapeutics. GPCRs bind a wide range of ligands to relay extracellular signals through G protein-mediated signaling cascades. Each lymphoma subgroup expresses a unique pattern of GPCRs and efforts are underway to fully characterize these patterns at the genetic level. Aberrations such as overexpression, deletion and mutation of GPCRs have been characterized as having causative roles in lymphoma and such studies describing GPCRs in B cell lymphomas are summarized here.
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Grandy DK, Miller GM, Li JX. "TAARgeting Addiction"--The Alamo Bears Witness to Another Revolution: An Overview of the Plenary Symposium of the 2015 Behavior, Biology and Chemistry Conference. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 159:9-16. [PMID: 26644139 PMCID: PMC4724540 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In keeping with the free-thinking tradition San Antonians are known for, the Scientific Program Committee of the Behavior, Biology and Chemistry: Translational Research in Addiction Conference chose trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) as the focus of the plenary symposium for its 7th annual meeting held at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio on March 14 and 15, 2015. The timing of the meeting's plenary session on TAAR1 coincided with the Ides of March, an apt concurrence given the long association of this date with the overthrow of the status quo. And whether aware of the coincidence or not, those in attendance witnessed the plunging of the metaphorical dagger into the heart of the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT)-centric view of psychostimulant action. METHODS The symposium's four plenary presentations focused on the molecular and cellular biology, genetics, medicinal chemistry and behavioral pharmacology of the TAAR1 system and the experimental use of newly developed selective TAAR1 ligands. RESULTS The consensus was that TAAR1 is a DA and methamphetamine receptor, interacts with DAT and DA D2 receptors, and is essential in modulating addiction-related effects of psychostimulants. CONCLUSIONS Collectively the findings presented during the symposium constitute a significant challenge to the current view that psychostimulants such as methamphetamine and amphetamine solely target DAT to interfere with normal DA signaling and provide a novel conceptual framework from which a more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of DA and METH is likely to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Grandy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gregory M. Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Marcinek P, Geithe C, Krautwurst D. Chemosensory G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) in Blood Leukocytes. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2016_101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ozburn AR, Janowsky AJ, Crabbe JC. Commonalities and Distinctions Among Mechanisms of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1863-77. [PMID: 26431116 PMCID: PMC4594192 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse is comorbid with abuse of many other drugs, some with similar pharmacology and others quite different. This leads to the hypothesis of an underlying, unitary dysfunctional neurobiological basis for substance abuse risk and consequences. METHODS In this review, we discuss commonalities and distinctions of addiction to alcohol and other drugs. We focus on recent advances in preclinical studies using rodent models of drug self-administration. RESULTS While there are specific behavioral and molecular manifestations common to alcohol, psychostimulant, opioid, and nicotine dependence, attempts to propose a unifying theory of the addictions inevitably face details where distinctions are found among classes of drugs. CONCLUSIONS For alcohol, versus other drugs of abuse, we discuss and compare advances in: (i) neurocircuitry important for the different stages of drug dependence; (ii) transcriptomics and genetical genomics; and (iii) enduring effects, noting in particular the contributions of behavioral genetics and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Ozburn
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aaron J. Janowsky
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - John C. Crabbe
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Sriram U, Cenna JM, Haldar B, Fernandes NC, Razmpour R, Fan S, Ramirez SH, Potula R. Methamphetamine induces trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) expression in human T lymphocytes: role in immunomodulation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:213-23. [PMID: 26302754 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0814-395rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor, trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), represents a potential, direct target for drugs of abuse and monoaminergic compounds, including amphetamines. For the first time, our studies have illustrated that there is an induction of TAAR1 mRNA expression in resting T lymphocytes in response to methamphetamine. Methamphetamine treatment for 6 h significantly increased TAAR1 mRNA expression (P < 0.001) and protein expression (P < 0.01) at 24 h. With the use of TAAR1 gene silencing, we demonstrate that methamphetamine-induced cAMP, a classic response to methamphetamine stimulation, is regulated via TAAR1. We also show by TAAR1 knockdown that the down-regulation of IL-2 in T cells by methamphetamine, which we reported earlier, is indeed regulated by TAAR1. Our results also show the presence of TAAR1 in human lymph nodes from HIV-1-infected patients, with or without a history of methamphetamine abuse. TAAR1 expression on lymphocytes was largely in the paracortical lymphoid area of the lymph nodes with enhanced expression in lymph nodes of HIV-1-infected methamphetamine abusers rather than infected-only subjects. In vitro analysis of HIV-1 infection of human PBMCs revealed increased TAAR1 expression in the presence of methamphetamine. In summary, the ability of methamphetamine to activate trace TAAR1 in vitro and to regulate important T cell functions, such as cAMP activation and IL-2 production; the expression of TAAR1 in T lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes; and our in vitro HIV-1 infection model in PBMCs suggests that TAAR1 may play an important role in methamphetamine -mediated immune-modulatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Sriram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan M Cenna
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bijayesh Haldar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicole C Fernandes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roshanak Razmpour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shongshan Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raghava Potula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Loftis JM, Janowsky A. Neuroimmune basis of methamphetamine toxicity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 118:165-97. [PMID: 25175865 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801284-0.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although it is not known which antigen-specific immune responses (or if antigen-specific immune responses) are relevant or required for methamphetamine's neurotoxic effects, it is apparent that methamphetamine exposure is associated with significant effects on adaptive and innate immunity. Alterations in lymphocyte activity and number, changes in cytokine signaling, impairments in phagocytic functions, and glial activation and gliosis have all been reported. These drug-induced changes in immune response, particularly within the CNS, are now thought to play a critical role in the addiction process for methamphetamine dependence as well as for other substance use disorders. In Section 2, methamphetamine's effects on glial cell (e.g., microglia and astrocytes) activity and inflammatory signaling cascades are summarized, including how alterations in immune cell function can induce the neurotoxic and addictive effects of methamphetamine. Section 2 also describes neurotransmitter involvement in the modulation of methamphetamine's inflammatory effects. Section 3 discusses the very recent use of pharmacological and genetic animal models which have helped elucidate the behavioral effects of methamphetamine's neurotoxic effects and the role of the immune system. Section 4 is focused on the effects of methamphetamine on blood-brain barrier integrity and associated immune consequences. Clinical considerations such as the combined effects of methamphetamine and HIV and/or HCV on brain structure and function are included in Section 4. Finally, in Section 5, immune-based treatment strategies are reviewed, with a focus on vaccine development, neuroimmune therapies, and other anti-inflammatory approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Loftis
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA; Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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30
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Dinter J, Mühlhaus J, Wienchol CL, Yi CX, Nürnberg D, Morin S, Grüters A, Köhrle J, Schöneberg T, Tschöp M, Krude H, Kleinau G, Biebermann H. Inverse agonistic action of 3-iodothyronamine at the human trace amine-associated receptor 5. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117774. [PMID: 25706283 PMCID: PMC4382497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Application of 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) results in decreased body temperature and body weight in rodents. The trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) 1, a family A G protein-coupled receptor, is a target of 3-T1AM. However, 3-T1AM effects still persist in mTaar1 knockout mice, which suggest so far unknown further receptor targets that are of physiological relevance. TAAR5 is a highly conserved TAAR subtype among mammals and we here tested TAAR5 as a potential 3-T1AM target. First, we investigated mouse Taar5 (mTaar5) expression in several brain regions of the mouse in comparison to mTaar1. Secondly, to unravel the full spectrum of signaling capacities, we examined the distinct Gs-, Gi/o-, G12/13-, Gq/11- and MAP kinase-mediated signaling pathways of mouse and human TAAR5 under ligand-independent conditions and after application of 3-T1AM. We found overlapping localization of mTaar1 and mTaar5 in the amygdala and ventromedial hypothalamus of the mouse brain. Second, the murine and human TAAR5 (hTAAR5) display significant basal activity in the Gq/11 pathway but show differences in the basal activity in Gs and MAP kinase signaling. In contrast to mTaar5, 3-T1AM application at hTAAR5 resulted in significant reduction in basal IP3 formation and MAP kinase signaling. In conclusion, our data suggest that the human TAAR5 is a target for 3-T1AM, exhibiting inhibitory effects on IP3 formation and MAP kinase signaling pathways, but does not mediate Gs signaling effects as observed for TAAR1. This study also indicates differences between TAAR5 orthologs with respect to their signaling profile. In consequence, 3-T1AM-mediated effects may differ between rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Dinter
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Mühlhaus
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Leonie Wienchol
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Daniela Nürnberg
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Morin
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Annette Grüters
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Institut für Biochemie, Molekulare Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiko Krude
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Mühlhaus J, Dinter J, Nürnberg D, Rehders M, Depke M, Golchert J, Homuth G, Yi CX, Morin S, Köhrle J, Brix K, Tschöp M, Kleinau G, Biebermann H. Analysis of human TAAR8 and murine Taar8b mediated signaling pathways and expression profile. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20638-55. [PMID: 25391046 PMCID: PMC4264187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone derivative 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) exerts metabolic effects in vivo that contradict known effects of thyroid hormones. 3-T1AM acts as a trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist and activates Gs signaling in vitro. Interestingly, 3-T1AM-meditated in vivo effects persist in Taar1 knockout-mice indicating that further targets of 3-T1AM might exist. Here, we investigated another member of the TAAR family, the only scarcely studied mouse and human trace-amine-associated receptor 8 (Taar8b, TAAR8). By RT-qPCR and locked-nucleic-acid (LNA) in situ hybridization, Taar8b expression in different mouse tissues was analyzed. Functionally, we characterized TAAR8 and Taar8b with regard to cell surface expression and signaling via different G-protein-mediated pathways. Cell surface expression was verified by ELISA, and cAMP accumulation was quantified by AlphaScreen for detection of Gs and/or Gi/o signaling. Activation of G-proteins Gq/11 and G12/13 was analyzed by reporter gene assays. Expression analyses revealed at most marginal Taar8b expression and no gender differences for almost all analyzed tissues. In heart, LNA-in situ hybridization demonstrated the absence of Taar8b expression. We could not identify 3-T1AM as a ligand for TAAR8 and Taar8b, but both receptors were characterized by a basal Gi/o signaling activity, a so far unknown signaling pathway for TAARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mühlhaus
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Juliane Dinter
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Daniela Nürnberg
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maren Rehders
- School of Engineering and Science, Research Center MOLIFE-Molecular Life Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Maren Depke
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Fr iedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15a, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Janine Golchert
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Fr iedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15a, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Fr iedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15a, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Silke Morin
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaudia Brix
- School of Engineering and Science, Research Center MOLIFE-Molecular Life Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Business Campus Garching, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Gunnar Kleinau
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Heike Biebermann
- Institut für Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Neuronal Functions and Emerging Pharmacology of TAAR1. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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