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Tan X, Zhao X. B7-H3 in acute myeloid leukemia: From prognostic biomarker to immunotherapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01032. [PMID: 38595093 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT B7-H3 (CD276), an immune checkpoint protein of the B7 family, exhibits significant upregulation in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, exerting a crucial role in their pathophysiology. The distinct differential expression of B7-H3 between tumors and normal tissues and its multifaceted involvement in tumor pathogenesis position it as a promising therapeutic target for tumors. In the context of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), B7-H3 is prominently overexpressed and closely associated with unfavorable prognoses, yet it has remained understudied. Despite various ongoing clinical trials demonstrating the potential efficacy of immunotherapies targeting B7-H3, the precise underlying mechanisms responsible for B7-H3-mediated proliferation and immune evasion in AML remain enigmatic. In view of this, we comprehensively outline the current research progress concerning B7-H3 in AML, encompassing in-depth discussions on its structural attributes, receptor interactions, expression profiles, and biological significance in normal tissues and AML. Moreover, we delve into the protumor effects of B7-H3 in AML, examine the intricate mechanisms that underlie its function, and discuss the emerging application of B7-H3-targeted therapy in AML treatment. By juxtaposing B7-H3 with other molecules within the B7 family, this review emphasizes the distinctive advantages of B7-H3, not only as a valuable prognostic biomarker but also as a highly promising immunotherapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing 100044, China
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Sampaio LR, Viana MDA, de Oliveira VS, Ferreira BV, Melo MML, de Oliveira RTG, Borges DDP, Magalhãesa SMM, Pinheiro RF. High PD-L1 expression is associated with unfavorable clinical features in myelodysplastic neoplasms. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024; 46:146-152. [PMID: 37543491 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system response that allow self-tolerance. Molecules such as Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and its Ligand (PD-L1) participate in the immune checkpoint by signaling co-inhibition of lymphocyte responses. In cancers, PD-L1 expression is associated with the immune evasion mechanism, which favors tumor growth. The use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs is already well described in solid tumors, but still not fully understood in hematologic malignancies. Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDSs) are heterogeneous bone marrow disorders with an increased risk of progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The MDS affects hematopoietic stem cells and its pathogenesis is linked to genetic and epigenetic defects, in addition to immune dysregulation. The influence of the PD-L1 on the MDS remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the mRNA expression of the PD-L1 in 53 patients with MDS, classified according to the WHO 2016 Classification. RESULTS Patients with dyserythropoiesis presented significantly higher PD-L1 expression than patients without dyserythropoiesis (p= 0.050). Patients classified as having MDS with an excess of blasts 2 (MDS-EB2) presented a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of the PD-L1 compared to the MDS with an excess of blasts 1 (MDS-EB1) (p= 0.050). Furthermore, we detected three patients with very high levels of PD-L1 expression, being statistically classified as outliers. CONCLUSION We suggested that the high expression of the PD-L1 is associated with a worse prognosis in the MDS and functional studies are necessary to evaluate the possible use of anti-PD-L1 therapies for high-risk MDS, such as the MDS-EBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rodrigues Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Aguiar Viana
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vitoriano Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mayara Magna Lima Melo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Paula Borges
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Meira Magalhãesa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronald F Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Slak TC, Miceska S, Gasljevic G, Boltezar L, Kloboves-Prevodnik V. The prognostic significance of programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand on lymphoma cells and tumor-immune cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:99-109. [PMID: 38378036 PMCID: PMC10878775 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (DLBCL, NOS) is the most common type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, where the treatment of relapsed/refractory cases is the major challenge. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 play a crucial role in the negative regulation of the immune response against the disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on lymphoma cells (LCs) and tumor-immune cells (TICs) and to investigate their correlation with outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Samples from 283 patients diagnosed with DLBCL, NOS (both germinal center B cell like [GCB] and non-GCB subtypes) were included in the study. Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was determined using double immunohistochemical staining (D-IHC) for PD-1/PAX5 and PD-L1/PAX5 on tissue microarrays. LCs were highlighted by D-IHC to obtain more accurate results. Clinical data and histologic diagnoses were obtained from electronic data records. We correlated clinical characteristics, and PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on LCs and TICs with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Expression of PD-1 on TICs was observed in 38.4% and on LCs in 8.8% of cases, while PD-L1 was expressed on TICs in 46.8% and on LCs in 6.5% of cases. PD-L1 expression on LCs was more frequent in non-GCB subtype (p = 0.047). In addition, patients with PD-L1 expression on LCs had significantly shorter PFS (p = 0.015), and the expression retained significant in the multivariate model (p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 was more frequently expressed in LCs of the non-GCB subtype. Additionally, PD-L1 in LCs may predict shorter PFS time. D-IHC staining for PD-L1/PAX5 is a feasible method to assess PD-L1 expression on LCs of DLBCL, NOS patients and can be used to identify patients who may benefit from targeted immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Cas Slak
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Miceska
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorana Gasljevic
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Lucka Boltezar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kloboves-Prevodnik
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Van Not OJ, van den Eertwegh AJM, Haanen JB, van Rijn RS, Aarts MJB, van den Berkmortel FWPJ, Blank CU, Boers-Sonderen MJ, van Eijs MJM, de Groot JWB, Hospers GAP, Kapiteijn E, de Meza M, Piersma D, Stevense-den Boer M, van der Veldt AAM, Vreugdenhil G, Wouters MWJM, Suijkerbuijk KPM, Blokx WAM. Response to checkpoint inhibition and targeted therapy in melanoma patients with concurrent haematological malignancies. Eur J Cancer 2023; 186:27-37. [PMID: 37023588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with haematologic malignancies (HMs) have a higher risk of developing subsequent solid tumours, such as melanoma. Patients with HM were mostly excluded from clinical trials but potentially derive less benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) due to disease- or treatment-related T- or B-cell dysfunction. METHODS All advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1-based treatment or targeted therapy between 2015 and 2021 were included from the prospective nationwide Dutch Melanoma Treatment Registry. Progression-free survival (PFS) and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) were analysed for patients with HM (HM+) and without HM (HM-). A cox model was used to account for confounders associated with PFS and MSS. RESULTS In total, 4638 advanced melanoma patients received first-line anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n = 1763), ipilimumab-nivolumab (n = 800), or BRAF(/MEK) inhibitors (n = 2075). Concurrent HMs were present for 46 anti-PD1-treated patients, 11 ipilimumab-nivolumab-treated patients and 43 BRAF(/MEK)-inhibitor-treated patients. In anti-PD-1-treated patients, the median PFS was 2.8 months for HM+ and 9.9 months for HM- (p = 0.01). MSS was 41.2 months for HM+ and 58.1 months for HM- (p = 0.00086). In multivariable analysis, the presence of an HM was significantly associated with higher risk of melanoma progression (HRadj 1.62; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.15-2.29; p = 0.006) and melanoma-related death (HRadj 1.74; 95% CI 1.09-2.78; p = 0.020). Median PFS and MSS for first-line BRAF(/MEK-) inhibitor-treated HM+ and HM- patients were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HM and advanced melanoma show significantly worse melanoma-related outcomes when treated with ICI, but not targeted therapy, compared to patients without HM. Clinicians should be aware of potentially altered effectiveness of ICI in patients with active HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier J Van Not
- Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, Rijnsburgerweg 10, Leiden 2333AA, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands.
| | - Alfons J M van den Eertwegh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam 1081HZ, The Netherlands
| | - John B Haanen
- Department of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Rozemarijn S van Rijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Henri Dunantweg 2, Leeuwarden 8934AD, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen J B Aarts
- Department of Medical Oncology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology & Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Marye J Boers-Sonderen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Mick J M van Eijs
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geke A P Hospers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kapiteijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa de Meza
- Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, Rijnsburgerweg 10, Leiden 2333AA, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands; Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Djura Piersma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Koningsplein 1, Enschede 7512KZ, The Netherlands
| | | | - Astrid A M van der Veldt
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam 3015CE, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Vreugdenhil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maxima Medical Centre, De Run 4600, Eindhoven 5504DB, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W J M Wouters
- Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing, Rijnsburgerweg 10, Leiden 2333AA, The Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands; Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Karijn P M Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Willeke A M Blokx
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
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Jin S, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Chen X, Sheng J, Zhang J. TIGIT: A promising target to overcome the barrier of immunotherapy in hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1091782. [PMID: 36605439 PMCID: PMC9807865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1091782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion through up-regulating checkpoint inhibitory receptors on T cells plays an essential role in tumor initiation and progression. Therefore, immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, has become a promising strategy for hematological malignancies. T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a novel checkpoint inhibitory receptor expressed on immune cells, including cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, and NK cells. TIGIT participates in immune regulation via binding to its ligand CD155. Blockage of TIGIT has provided evidence of considerable efficacy in solid tumors in preclinical research and clinical trials, especially when combined with PD-1 inhibition. However, the mechanism and function of TIGIT in hematological malignancies have not been comprehensively studied. In this review, we focus on the role of TIGIT in hematological malignancies and discuss therapeutic strategies targeting TIGIT, which may provide a promising immunotherapy target for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhe Jin
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianpeng Sheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jin Zhang,
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Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:331. [PMID: 36123348 PMCID: PMC9485144 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatments. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking therapy, represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab) and CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab), has shown encouraging therapeutic effects in the treatment of various malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. In addition, with the advent of CAR-T, CAR-M and other novel immunotherapy methods, immunotherapy has entered a new era. At present, evidence indicates that the combination of multiple immunotherapy methods may be one way to improve the therapeutic effect. However, the overall clinical response rate of tumor immunotherapy still needs improvement, which warrants the development of novel therapeutic designs as well as the discovery of biomarkers that can guide the prescription of these agents. Learning from the past success and failure of both clinical and basic research is critical for the rational design of studies in the future. In this article, we describe the efforts to manipulate the immune system against cancer and discuss different targets and cell types that can be exploited to promote the antitumor immune response.
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Wang F, Yang L, Xiao M, Zhang Z, Shen J, Anuchapreeda S, Tima S, Chiampanichayakul S, Xiao Z. PD-L1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia by activating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11444. [PMID: 35794161 PMCID: PMC9259561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) continue to advance, more evidence has emerged that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is an effective treatment against cancers. Known as the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), this co-inhibitory ligand contributes to T cell exhaustion by interacting with programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor. However, cancer-intrinsic signaling pathways of the PD-L1 molecule are not well elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the regulatory network of PD-L1 and lay the basis of successful use of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Data for AML patients were extracted from TCGA and GTEx databases. The downstream signaling pathways of PD-L1 were identified via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The key PD-L1 related genes were selected by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), MCC algorithm and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). The CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Western blotting was used to identify the expression of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. PD-L1 was shown to be elevated in AML patients when compared with the control group, and high PD-L1 expression was associated with poor overall survival rate. The ECM-receptor interaction, as well as the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, were important PD-L1 downstream pathways. All three analyses found eight genes (ITGA2B, ITGB3, COL6A5, COL6A6, PF4, NMU, AGTR1, F2RL3) to be significantly associated with PD-L1. Knockdown of PD-L1 inhibited AML cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Importantly, PD-L1 knockdown reduced the expression of PI3K and p-AKT, but PD-L1 overexpression increased their expression. The current study elucidates the main regulatory network and downstream targets of PD-L1 in AML, assisting in the understanding of the underlying mechanism of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and paving the way for clinical application of ICIs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Liqiong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Mintao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sawitree Chiampanichayakul
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China. .,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.
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Kanumuri R, Pasupuleti SK, Burns SS, Ramdas B, Kapur R. Targeting SHP2 phosphatase in hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:319-332. [PMID: 35503226 PMCID: PMC9239432 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2066518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Src homology-2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a ubiquitously expressed, non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase encoded by the PTPN11 gene. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in PTPN11 are associated with the development of various hematological malignancies and Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NS-ML). Preclinical studies performed with allosteric SHP2 inhibitors and combination treatments of SHP2 inhibitors with inhibitors of downstream regulators (such as MEK, ERK, and PD-1/PD-L1) demonstrate improved antitumor benefits. However, the development of novel SHP2 inhibitors is necessary to improve the therapeutic strategies for hematological malignancies and tackle drug resistance and disease relapse. AREAS COVERED This review examines the structure of SHP2, its function in various signaling cascades, the consequences of constitutive activation of SHP2 and potential therapeutic strategies to treat SHP2-driven hematological malignancies. EXPERT OPINION While SHP2 inhibitors have exhibited promise in preclinical trials, numerous challenges remain in translation to the clinic, including drug resistance. Although PROTAC-based SHP2 degraders show better efficacy than SHP2 inhibitors, novel strategies need to be designed to improve SHP2-specific therapies in hematologic malignancies. Genome-wide CRISPR screening should also be used to identify molecules that confer resistance to SHP2 inhibitors. Targeting these molecules together with SHP2 can increase the target specificity and reduce drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kanumuri
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Santhosh Kumar Pasupuleti
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarah S Burns
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Baskar Ramdas
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Shang M, Chi Y, Zhang J, Chang J, Yang H, Yin S, Tan Q, Man X, Li H. The Therapeutic Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab Plus Chemotherapy for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Can Be Predicted by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and PD-L1 Expression. Front Oncol 2022; 11:706606. [PMID: 35070953 PMCID: PMC8766296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.706606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy may affect programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HER2-positive breast cancer. Discordant results were shown on the correlation between PD-L1 expression or TILs and the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. This study aimed to clarify the predictive value of PD-L1 expression and TILs in neoadjuvant therapy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods HER2-positive breast cancer cases receiving neoadjuvant treatment (NAT; n = 155) were retrospectively collected from July 2013 to November 2018. Histopathologic analysis of TILs was performed on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections from pre- and post-NAT specimens. The TIL score as a categorical variable can be divided into high (≥30%) and low (<30%) categories. The expression of PD-L1 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the percentage of positive membranous staining (at least 1%) in tumor cells (PD-L1+TC) and TILs (PD-L1+TILs) was scored. Results In our study, 87 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone and 68 received neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that lymph node metastasis, high TILs, and PD-L1+TILs in pre-neoadjuvant therapy specimens were independent predictors of pathological complete response (pCR) in neoadjuvant therapy (p < 0.05, for all). Among all patients, TILs were increased in breast cancer tissues post-neoadjuvant therapy (p < 0.001). Consistent results were found in the subgroup analysis of the trastuzumab plus chemotherapy group and the chemotherapy alone group (p < 0.05, for both). In 116 non-pCR patients, PD-L1+TC was decreased in breast cancer tissues post-neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.0219). Consistent results were found in 43 non-pCR patients who received neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy (p = 0.0437). However, in 73 non-pCR patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there was no significant difference in PD-L1+TC expression in pre- and post-neoadjuvant therapy specimens (p = 0.1465). On the other hand, in the general population, the neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy group, and the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, PD-L1+TILs decreased after treatment (p < 0.05, for both). Conclusion Higher TIL counts and PD-L1+TILs in pre-neoadjuvant therapy specimens and lymph node metastasis are independent predictors of pCR in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy. TIL counts, PD-L1+TC, and PD-L1+TILs changed before and after neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer, which may suggest that, in HER2-positive breast cancer, neoadjuvant trastuzumab plus chemotherapy may stimulate the antitumor immune effect of the host, thereby preventing tumor immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Shang
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yajing Chi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Sha Yin
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiaorui Tan
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochu Man
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Jimbu L, Mesaros O, Neaga A, Nanut AM, Tomuleasa C, Dima D, Bocsan C, Zdrenghea M. The Potential Advantage of Targeting Both PD-L1/PD-L2/PD-1 and IL-10-IL-10R Pathways in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1105. [PMID: 34832887 PMCID: PMC8620891 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells promote the suppression of host anti-tumor type 1 T cell responses by various mechanisms, including the upregulation of surface inhibitory molecules such as programmed death ligand (PD-L)-1, and the production of immunosuppressive cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). There are over 2000 trials investigating PD-L1 and/or its receptor programmed-death 1 (PD-1) blockade in cancer, leading to the approval of PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors in several types of solid cancers and in hematological malignancies. The available data suggest that the molecule PD-L1 on antigen-presenting cells suppresses type 1 T cell immune responses such as cytotoxicity, and that the cytokine IL-10, in addition to downregulating immune responses, increases the expression of inhibitory molecule PD-L1. We hypothesize that the manipulation of both the co-inhibitory network (with anti-PD-L1 blocking antibodies) and suppressor network (with anti-IL-10 blocking antibodies) is an attractive immunotherapeutic intervention for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients ineligible for standard treatment with chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and with less severe adverse reactions. The proposed combination of these two immunotherapies represents a new approach that can be readily translated into the clinic to improve the therapeutic efficacy of AML disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- “Octavian Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19-21 Croitorilor Str., 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ana Maria Nanut
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Corina Bocsan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.M.); (A.N.); (A.M.N.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Str., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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11
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Dhar R, Seethy A, Singh S, Pethusamy K, Srivastava T, Talukdar J, Rath GK, Karmakar S. Cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and challenges. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:834-844. [PMID: 34528529 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1241_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses specific components of a person's immune system to fight diseases. This is usually done by stimulating or assisting one's immune system is attacking the offending agent - for instance, in the case of cancer - the target of immunotherapy will be cancer cells. Some types of immunotherapy are also called biologic therapy or biotherapy. One of the fundamental challenges that a living cell encounters are to accurately copy its genetic material to daughter cells during every single cell cycle. When this process goes haywire, genomic instability ensues, and genetic alterations ranging from nucleotide changes to chromosomal translocations and aneuploidy occur. Genomic instability arising out of DNA structural changes (indels, rearrangements, etc.,) can give rise to mutations predisposing to cancer. Cancer prevention refers to actions taken to mitigate the risk of getting cancer. The past decade has encountered an explosive rate of development of anticancer therapy ranging from standard chemotherapy to novel targeted small molecules that are nearly cancer specific, thereby reducing collateral damage. However, a new class of emerging therapy aims to train the body's defense system to fight against cancer. Termed as "cancer immunotherapy" is the new approach that has gained worldwide acceptance. It includes using antibodies that bind to and inhibit the function of proteins expressed by cancer cells or engineering and boosting the person's own T lymphocytes to target cancer. In this review, we summarized the recent advances and developments in cancer immunotherapy along with their shortcoming and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashikh Seethy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthikeyan Pethusamy
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tryambak Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Joyeeta Talukdar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Goura Kishor Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DRBRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; Department of Radiation Oncology, NCI, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jhajjar, Haryana, India
| | - Subhradip Karmakar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Aresu L, Marconato L, Martini V, Fanelli A, Licenziato L, Foiani G, Melchiotti E, Nicoletti A, Vascellari M. Prognostic Value of PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A in Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Detected by RNAscope. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8070120. [PMID: 34209830 PMCID: PMC8310184 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are a set of molecules dysregulated in several human and canine cancers and aberrations of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are often correlated with a worse prognosis. To gain an insight into the role of immune checkpoints in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (cDLBCL), we investigated PD-L1, PD-1 and CD8A expression by RNAscope. Results were correlated with several clinico-pathological features, including treatment, Ki67 index and outcome. A total of 33 dogs treated with chemotherapy (n = 12) or chemoimmunotherapy with APAVAC (n = 21) were included. PD-L1 signal was diffusely distributed among neoplastic cells, whereas PD-1 and CD8A were localized in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. However, PD-1 mRNA was also retrieved in tumor cells. An association between PD-L1 and PD-1 scores was identified and a higher risk of relapse and lymphoma-related death was found in dogs treated with chemotherapy alone and dogs with higher PD-L1 and PD-1 scores. The correlation between PD-L1 and PD-1 is in line with the mechanism of immune checkpoints in cancers, where neoplastic cells overexpress PD-L1 that, in turn, binds PD-1 receptors in activated TIL. We also found that Ki67 index was significantly increased in dogs with the highest PD-L1 and PD-1 scores, indirectly suggesting a role in promoting tumor proliferation. Finally, even if the biological consequence of PD-1+ tumor cells is unknown, our findings suggest that PD-1 intrinsic expression in cDLBCL might contribute to tumor growth escaping adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Medical Veterinary Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy;
| | - Valeria Martini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Greta Foiani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Erica Melchiotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Arturo Nicoletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (A.F.); (L.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.F.); (E.M.); (M.V.)
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Jalili-Nik M, Soltani A, Mashkani B, Rafatpanah H, Hashemy SI. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors foster the progression of adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107870. [PMID: 34153661 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy through immune checkpoints blockade and its subsequent clinical application has revolutionized the treatment of a spectrum of solid tumors. Blockade of Programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand has shown promising results in clinical studies. The clinical trials that enrolled patients with different hematopoietic malignancies including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) showed that anti-PD-1 agents could have potential therapeutic effects in the patients. Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a non-Hodgkin T-cell Lymphoma that is developed in a minority of HTLV-1-infected individuals after a long latency period. The inhibition of PD-1 as a treatment option is currently being investigated in ATLL patients. In this review, we present a summary of the biology of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, the evidence in the literature to support anti-PD-1/PDL-1 application in the treatment of different lymphoid, myeloid, and virus-related hematological malignancies, and controversies related to PD-1/PD-L1 blocking in the management of ATLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jalili-Nik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hatic H, Sampat D, Goyal G. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in lymphoma: challenges and opportunities. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1037. [PMID: 34277837 PMCID: PMC8267255 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are immunomodulatory antibodies that intensify the host immune response, thereby leading to cytotoxicity. The primary targets for checkpoint inhibition have included cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). ICIs have resulted in a change in treatment landscape of various neoplasms. Among hematologic malignancies, ICIs have been most successful in certain subtypes of lymphomas such as classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL). However, there have been several challenges in harnessing the host immune system through ICI use in other lymphomas. The underlying reasons for the low efficacy of ICI monotherapy in most lymphomas may include defects in antigen presentation, non-inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME), immunosuppressive metabolites, genetic factors, and an overall lack of predictive biomarkers of response. In this review, we outline the existing and ongoing studies utilizing ICI therapy in various lymphomas. We also describe the challenges leading to the lack of efficacy with ICI use and discuss potential strategies to overcome those challenges including: chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T therapy), bispecific T-cell therapy (BiTE), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) inhibitors, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3) inhibitors, vaccines, promotion of inflammatory macrophages, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitors, DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). Tumor mutational burden and interferon-gamma release assays are potential biomarkers of ICI treatment response beyond PD-L1 expression. Further collaborations between clinicians and scientists are vital to understand the immunopathology in ICI therapy in order to improve clinical outcomes.
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15
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Olivares-Hernández A, Figuero-Pérez L, Terán-Brage E, López-Gutiérrez Á, Velasco ÁT, Sarmiento RG, Cruz-Hernández JJ, Miramontes-González JP. Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Secondary to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: A New Therapeutic Targeting of Haematological Malignancies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091919. [PMID: 33925214 PMCID: PMC8124332 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a set of immature myeloid lineage cells that include macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cell precursors. This subpopulation has been described in relation to the tumour processes at different levels, including resistance to immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Currently, multiple studies at the preclinical and clinical levels seek to use this cell population for the treatment of different haematological neoplasms, together with ICIs. This review addresses the different points in ongoing studies of MDSCs and ICIs in haematological malignancies and their future significance in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Olivares-Hernández
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.O.-H.); (J.P.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-923-29-11-00 (A.O.-H.); +34-983-42-04-00 (J.P.M.-G.); Fax: +34-923-29-13-25 (A.O.-H.); +34-983-21-53-65 (J.P.M.-G.)
| | - Luis Figuero-Pérez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Eduardo Terán-Brage
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Álvaro López-Gutiérrez
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Tamayo Velasco
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Rogelio González Sarmiento
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Cruz-Hernández
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.F.-P.); (E.T.-B.); (Á.L.-G.); (J.J.C.-H.)
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Pablo Miramontes-González
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rio Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 45005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.-H.); (J.P.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-923-29-11-00 (A.O.-H.); +34-983-42-04-00 (J.P.M.-G.); Fax: +34-923-29-13-25 (A.O.-H.); +34-983-21-53-65 (J.P.M.-G.)
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16
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A novel scoring system for TIGIT expression in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7059. [PMID: 33782477 PMCID: PMC8007711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of immune-checkpoints inhibitors (anti PD-1/PD-L1) resulted very effective for the treatment of relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL). Recently, T cell Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) has been recognized as an immune checkpoint receptor able to negatively regulate T cell functions. Herein, we investigated the expression of TIGIT in CHL microenvironment in order to find a potential new target for inhibitor therapy. TIGIT, PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was evaluated in 34 consecutive patients with CHL. TIGIT expression in T lymphocytes surrounding Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells was observed in 19/34 patients (56%), of which 11 (58%) had advanced stages. In 16/19 (84%) cases, TIGIT+ peritumoral T lymphocytes showed also PD-1 expression. All 15 TIGIT− patients had PD-L1 expression in HRS cells (100%) while among 19 TIGIT+ patients, 11 (58%) were PD-L1+ and 8 (42%) were PD-L1−. Using a new scoring system for TIGIT immunoreactivity, all TIGIT+ cases with higher score (4/19) were PD-L1−. Our results confirm co-expression of TIGIT and PD-1 in peritumoral T lymphocytes. Of relevance, we demonstrated a mutually exclusive expression of TIGIT and PD-L1 using new TIGIT scoring system able to identify this immunocheckpoints’ modulation. These results pave the way to new therapeutic strategies for relapsed/refractory CHL.
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Alsaiari SK, Qutub SS, Sun S, Baslyman W, Aldehaiman M, Alyami M, Almalik A, Halwani R, Merzaban J, Mao Z, Khashab NM. Sustained and targeted delivery of checkpoint inhibitors by metal-organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe7174. [PMID: 33523955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe7174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The major impediments to the implementation of cancer immunotherapies are the sustained immune effect and the targeted delivery of these therapeutics, as they have life-threatening adverse effects. In this work, biomimetic metal-organic frameworks [zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs)] are used for the controlled delivery of nivolumab (NV), a monoclonal antibody checkpoint inhibitor that was U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved back in 2014. The sustained release behavior of NV-ZIF has shown a higher efficacy than the naked NV to activate T cells in hematological malignancies. The system was further modified by coating NV-ZIF with cancer cell membrane to enable tumor-specific targeted delivery while treating solid tumors. We envisage that such a biocompatible and biodegradable immunotherapeutic delivery system may promote the development and the translation of hybrid superstructures into smart and personalized delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad K Alsaiari
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Somayah S Qutub
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shichao Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Walaa Baslyman
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Aldehaiman
- Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mram Alyami
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almalik
- Institute Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine (CENM), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmeen Merzaban
- Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- Institute Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine (CENM), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMs) Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Zhao Y, Shi F, Zhou Q, Li Y, Wu J, Wang R, Song Q. Prognostic significance of PD-L1 in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23172. [PMID: 33158004 PMCID: PMC7647545 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PD-L1 in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).In this retrospective study, 97 patients with NSCLC were consecutively recruited. The expression profiling of PD-1, PD-L1, p53 and Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Median survival time was estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve with log-rank test. Risk factors were evaluated by Cox Proportional Hazards regression models.The median tumor size was larger (3.5 cm) among patients with positive PD-L1 expression, compared to those with negative expression (2.0 cm; P < .01). Compared to those with negative PD-L1 expression, patients with positive PD-L1 expression had significantly higher rates of nerve invasion (26.3% vs 5.0%; P < .01), blood vessel invasion (47.4% vs 20.0%; P < .01) and lymph node metastasis (64.9% vs 27.5%; P < .01), more advanced tumor stage (P < .01) and Ki-67 index (P < .01). PD-L1 expression status was not significantly associated with disease-free (DFS) or overall survival (OS). However, for patients with advanced disease, PD-L1 positive expression was related to worse outcome (HR: 4.13; 95% CI: 1.06-16.12).Positive PD-L1 expression is associated with more aggressive pathological features and poorer prognosis in advanced stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Yuchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines
| | | | | | - Qingkun Song
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Hu L, Wen Z, Chen J, Chen Y, Jin L, Shi H, Chen J, Chen J. The cytomegalovirus UL146 gene product vCXCL1 promotes the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8 + T cells through up-regulation of PD-L1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 532:393-399. [PMID: 32883520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The HCMV (human cytomegalovirus) encodes numerous proteins which function to evade the immune response, which allows the virus to replicate. Exploring the mechanisms of HCMV immune escape helps to find the strategy to inhibit HCMV replicate. CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the immune response to viral pathogens. However, the mechanisms of HCMV to evade the attack by CD8+ T cells remain largely unknown. Viral CXCL1 (vCXCL1) is the production of HCMV UL146 gene. Here, we found that vCXCL1 promoted the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells. vCXCL1 increased the levels of PD-L1 protein expression and mRNA expression. VCXCL1 enhanced the binding of STAT3 transcription factor to the promoter of PD-L1 and increased the activity of PD-L1 promoter. Furthermore, down-regulation of PD-L1 reduced the effects of vCXCL1 on the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells. Taken together, vCXCL1 promotes the resistance of hepatic cells to CD8+ T cells through up-regulation of PD-L1. This finding might provide a new mechanism of HCMV immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwang Wen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longteng Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifan Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junya Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Ginnaram SR, Mason EF, Reddy NM. Durable Long-Term Response in a Patient With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Nivolumab. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2020; 20:e934-e936. [PMID: 32778514 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shravya R Ginnaram
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Emily F Mason
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nishitha M Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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21
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Yang J, Li D, Zhou J. Histone Deacetylase 6 as a Therapeutic Target in B cell-associated Hematological Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:971. [PMID: 32676030 PMCID: PMC7333221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes play a critical role in humoral immunity. Abnormal B cell development and function cause a variety of hematological malignancies such as myeloma, B cell lymphoma, and leukemia. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors alone or in combination with other drugs have shown efficacy in several hematological malignancies, including those resistant to targeted therapies. Mechanistically, HDAC6 inhibitors promote malignant tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting protein degradation, reinvigorating anti-tumor immunity, and inhibiting cell survival signaling pathways. Due to their specificity, HDAC6 inhibitors represent a very promising and feasible new development pipeline for high-efficacy drugs with limited side effects. This article reviews recent progress in the mechanisms of action of HDAC6 inhibitors for the treatment of B cell-associated hematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma and B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which are often resistant to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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22
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Brauchle B, Goldstein RL, Karbowski CM, Henn A, Li CM, Bücklein VL, Krupka C, Boyle MC, Koppikar P, Haubner S, Wahl J, Dahlhoff C, Raum T, Rardin MJ, Sastri C, Rock DA, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Frank B, Metzeler KH, Case R, Friedrich M, Balazs M, Spiekermann K, Coxon A, Subklewe M, Arvedson T. Characterization of a Novel FLT3 BiTE Molecule for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1875-1888. [PMID: 32518207 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), novel therapies are needed to induce deeper and more durable clinical response. Bispecific T-cell Engager (BiTE) molecules, which redirect patient T cells to lyse tumor cells, are a clinically validated modality for hematologic malignancies. Due to broad AML expression and limited normal tissue expression, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is proposed to be an optimal BiTE molecule target. Expression profiling of FLT3 was performed in primary AML patient samples and normal hematopoietic cells and nonhematopoietic tissues. Two novel FLT3 BiTE molecules, one with a half-life extending (HLE) Fc moiety and one without, were assessed for T-cell-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (TDCC) of FLT3-positive cell lines in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo FLT3 protein was detected on the surface of most primary AML bulk and leukemic stem cells but only a fraction of normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. FLT3 protein detected in nonhematopoietic cells was cytoplasmic. FLT3 BiTE molecules induced TDCC of FLT3-positive cells in vitro, reduced tumor growth and increased survival in AML mouse models in vivo Both molecules exhibited reproducible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in cynomolgus monkeys in vivo, including elimination of FLT3-positive cells in blood and bone marrow. In ex vivo cultures of primary AML samples, patient T cells induced TDCC of FLT3-positive target cells. Combination with PD-1 blockade increased BiTE activity. These data support the clinical development of an FLT3 targeting BiTE molecule for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Brauchle
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Henn
- Amgen Research Munich GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Chi-Ming Li
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Veit L Bücklein
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Krupka
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Sascha Haubner
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan A Rock
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brendon Frank
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Klaus H Metzeler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryan Case
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research (ELLF), Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marion Subklewe
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tara Arvedson
- Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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23
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Rodriguez-Barbosa JI, Azuma M, Zelinskyy G, Perez-Simon JA, del Rio ML. Critical role of PD-L1 expression on non-tumor cells rather than on tumor cells for effective anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in a transplantable mouse hematopoietic tumor model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1001-1014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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The Important Role of Immunotherapies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122054. [PMID: 31766688 PMCID: PMC6947250 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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25
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Quaresma JAS. Organization of the Skin Immune System and Compartmentalized Immune Responses in Infectious Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00034-18. [PMID: 31366611 PMCID: PMC6750136 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00034-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an organ harboring several types of immune cells that participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune system of the skin comprises both skin cells and professional immune cells that together constitute what is designated skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT). In this review, I extensively discuss the organization of SALT and the mechanisms involved in its responses to infectious diseases of the skin and mucosa. The nature of these SALT responses, and the cellular mediators involved, often determines the clinical course of such infections. I list and describe the components of innate immunity, such as the roles of the keratinocyte barrier and of inflammatory and natural killer cells. I also examine the mechanisms involved in adaptive immune responses, with emphasis on new cytokine profiles, and the role of cell death phenomena in host-pathogen interactions and control of the immune responses to infectious agents. Finally, I highlight the importance of studying SALT in order to better understand host-pathogen relationships involving the skin and detail future directions in the immunological investigation of this organ, especially in light of recent findings regarding the skin immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juarez Antonio Simões Quaresma
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- School of Medicine, São Paulo University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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26
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Wang J, Deng Q, Jiang YY, Zhang R, Zhu HB, Meng JX, Li YM. CAR-T 19 combined with reduced-dose PD-1 blockade therapy for treatment of refractory follicular lymphoma: A case report. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4415-4420. [PMID: 31611950 PMCID: PMC6781559 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has changed the typical outcomes of relapsed/refractory B-cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, treatment effectiveness for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been less satisfactory compared with patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The present study described a case of refractory follicular lymphoma. A high expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was measured on CD3+ T cells (80.90%) in peripheral blood samples obtained from the patient enrolled in this study, indicating that treatment with autologous CAR-T 19 cell therapy may not be successful. Therefore, a therapy regimen consisting of CAR-T 19 cells in combination with a reduced dose of nivolumab (1.5 mg/kg) for PD-1 blockade was used. A low dose of PD-1 blockade therapy was used to reduce the adverse effects associated with the combination of a PD-1 inhibitor and CAR-T 19 cells. This salvage therapy resulted in remission that lasted for >10 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Qi Deng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Xia Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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27
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Hatiboglu MA, Kocyigit A, Guler EM, Nalli A, Akdur K, Sakarcan A, Ozek E, Uysal O, Mayadagli A. Gamma knife radiosurgery compared to whole brain radiation therapy enhances immunity via immunoregulatory molecules in patients with metastatic brain tumours. Br J Neurosurg 2019; 34:604-610. [PMID: 31317782 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2019.1642445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is lack of data on the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery in modulation of the immune system for cancer patients with metastatic brain tumours. Therefore, we investigated the change in levels of immunoregulatory molecules after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) and whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in patients with brain metastases.Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 15 patients who received GKR, nine patients who received WBRT for brain metastases and 10 healthy controls. Samples were obtained at three time points such as before, 1h after and 1 week after the index procedure for patients treated with GKR or WBRT. All patients' demographic data and radiosurgical parameters were retrospectively reviewed. We analyzed the change in the levels of T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytokines such as IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α after GKR and WBRT using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).Results: Baseline level of IFN-γ was found to be lower and that of PD-L1 was higher in the GKR group compared to WBRT group and healthy controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 were increased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), while CTLA-4 and PD-L1 were decreased (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01, respectively) after GKR compared to pre-GKR levels, while there was no change after WBRT.Conclusion: GKR regulates immunoregulatory molecules towards enhancing the immune system, while WBRT did not exert any effect. These findings suggested that treatment of metastatic brain lesion with GKR might stimulate a systemic immune response against the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology, Bezmialem Vakif University Beykoz Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Kocyigit
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eray Metin Guler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arife Nalli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Bezmialem Vakif University Beykoz Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerime Akdur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayten Sakarcan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinc Ozek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Uysal
- Department of Biostatistics, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Mayadagli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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28
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Giannopoulos K. Targeting Immune Signaling Checkpoints in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8020236. [PMID: 30759726 PMCID: PMC6406869 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The modest successes of targeted therapies along with the curative effects of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stimulate the development of new immunotherapies. One of the promising methods of immunotherapy is the activation of immune response by the targeting of negative control checkpoints. The two best-known inhibitory immune checkpoints are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor (PD-1). In AML, PD-1 expression is observed in T-cell subpopulations, including T regulatory lymphocytes. Increased PD-1 expression on CD8+ T lymphocytes may be one of the factors leading to dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells and inhibition of the immune response during the progressive course of AML. Upregulation of checkpoint molecules was observed after alloHSCT and therapy with hypomethylating agents, pointing to a potential clinical application in these settings. Encouraging results from recent clinical trials (a response rate above 50% in a relapsed setting) justify further clinical use. The most common clinical trials employ two PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and two anti-PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) monoclonal antibodies (atezolizumab and durvalumab). Several other inhibitors are under development or in early phases of clinical trials. The results of these clinical trials are awaited with great interest in, as they may allow for the established use of checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Giannopoulos
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Hematology, St John's Cancer Centre, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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29
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are immunoglobulins designed to target a specific epitope on an antigen. Immunoglobulins of identical amino-acid sequence were originally produced by hybridomas grown in culture and, subsequently, by recombinant DNA technology using mammalian cell expression systems. The antigen-binding region of the mAb is formed by the variable domains of the heavy and light chains and contains the complementarity-determining region that imparts the high specificity for the target antigen. The pharmacokinetics of mAbs involves target-mediated and non-target-related factors that influence their disposition.Preclinical safety evaluation of mAbs differs substantially from that of small molecular (chemical) entities. Immunogenicity of mAbs has implications for their pharmacokinetics and safety. Early studies of mAbs in humans require careful consideration of the most suitable study population, route/s of administration, starting dose, study design and the potential difference in pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects compared to patients expressing the target antigen.Of the ever-increasing diversity of therapeutic indications for mAbs, we have concentrated on two that have proved dramatically successful. The contribution that mAbs have made to the treatment of inflammatory conditions, in particular arthritides and inflammatory bowel disease, has been nothing short of revolutionary. Their benefit has also been striking in the treatment of solid tumours and, most recently, as immunotherapy for a wide variety of cancers. Finally, we speculate on the future with various new approaches to the development of therapeutic antibodies.
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30
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Constantinidou A, Alifieris C, Trafalis DT. Targeting Programmed Cell Death -1 (PD-1) and Ligand (PD-L1): A new era in cancer active immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 194:84-106. [PMID: 30268773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the immune system and its role in cancer development and progression has led to impressive advances in the field of cancer immunotherapy over the last decade. Whilst the field is rapidly evolving and the list of drugs receiving regulatory approval for the treatment of various cancers is fast growing, the group of PD1- PDL-1 inhibitors is establishing a leading role amongst immunomodulatory agents. PD1- PDL-1 inhibitors act against pathways involved in adaptive immune suppression resulting in immune checkpoint blockade. Within the last four years two PD-1 and three PD-L1 inhibitors have been utilized in clinical practice against a variety of malignancies. Focus was initially placed on targeting cancers considered immunogenic such as melanoma, renal and lung cancers but subsequently the application expanded to include amongst others Hodgkin Lymphoma, urothelial as well as head and neck cancer. This article provides a comprehensive review of the early and late phase trials that led to the regulatory approval of all five PD1- PDL-1 inhibitors in the corresponding cancer types. It presents available data on the combinations of PD1- PDL-1 inhibitors with other therapies (immunotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy), the toxicity profile of the PD1- PDL-1 inhibitors and ongoing trials testing the efficacy of these agents in cancer types beyond those that have been addressed already. Finally, current and future challenges in the application of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are discussed with emphasis on the role of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantinos Alifieris
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Oncology Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Oncology Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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31
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Lin HY, Chin YT, Shih YJ, Chen YR, Leinung M, Keating KA, Mousa SA, Davis PJ. In tumor cells, thyroid hormone analogues non-immunologically regulate PD-L1 and PD-1 accumulation that is anti-apoptotic. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34033-34037. [PMID: 30344919 PMCID: PMC6183344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint involving tumor cells and host immune defense lymphocytes is a well-studied therapeutic target in oncology. That PD-1 and PD-L1 may have additional functions within tumor cells that are independent of the checkpoint is indicated by actions of a thyroid hormone analogue, L-thyroxine (T4), on these checkpoint components. Acting at a cell surface receptor on plasma membrane integrin αvβ3, T4 stimulates intracellular accumulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells. In these thyroid hormone-treated cells, T4-induced PD-L1 is non-immunologically anti-apoptotic, blocking activation of p53. Several laboratories have also described accumulation of PD-1 in a variety of cancer cells, not just immune defense lymphocytes and macrophages. Preliminary observations indicate that T4 stimulates intracellular accumulation of PD-1 in tumor cells, suggesting that, like PD-L1, PD-1 has non-immunologic roles in the setting of cancer. Where such roles are anti-apoptotic, thyroid hormone-directed cancer cell accumulation of PD-1 and PD-L1 may limit effectiveness of immunologic therapy directed at the immune checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lin
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Shih
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Matthew Leinung
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kelly A Keating
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Davis
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Di Fazio P, Matrood S. Targeting autophagy in liver cancer. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:39. [PMID: 30148224 PMCID: PMC6088143 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.06.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process conserved in animals. It is characterized by the main role of recycling all the non-functional products of the cells. Once, autophagy players detect non-functioning sub-cellular organelles and proteins, they start the so-called nucleation process. The organelles will be surrounded by a double membrane vesicle mainly constituted by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and autophagy proteins, e.g., MAP1LC3B, Beclin-1, VPS34, Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase (ULK1) and ubiquitination-related proteins. Then the autophagic membrane will go through an elongation phase involving additional autophagy players. Once the autophagic vesicle is complete, the sub-cellular organelles will be isolated from the rest of the cytosol and driven to the final fusion with lysosomes. Here, the digestion process will end. Alteration and or impairment of autophagy have been shown to be correlated with development of diseases affecting the central nervous system, e.g., Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases. Nonetheless, autophagy defect is responsible for tumorigenesis in blood and solid malignancies, in particular liver cancer. Malignancies of the liver are determined by several genetics and epigenetics mechanisms triggering the up-regulation of survival mechanisms and resistance to cell death. Furthermore, liver cancer could result from pathologic conditions like cirrhosis and fibrosis related to virus infection, aflatoxin, alcohol consumption and high fat diet together with insulin resistance. The role exerted by autophagy in the pathogenesis of the liver and tumor development has been evidenced in recent years. The alteration of autophagy assumes a fundamental role for liver tumorigenesis determining an accumulation of non-functional proteins and organelles that trigger oxidative stress leading to genotoxic stress and gene alterations. Furthermore, the absence of this degradation mechanism could prompt the cells to alter their metabolic status and turn into malignant cells. Interestingly, the heterozygous loss of function of Beclin-1 is able to trigger liver tumorigenesis or even the simple accumulation of proteins caused by the block of the final autolysosome fusion and degradation process is responsible for liver cancer development. This review highlights the importance of targeting the autophagy process in liver cancer in order to restore its function and to promote autophagy-mediated cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Di Fazio
- Department of Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sami Matrood
- Department of Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, Marburg, Germany
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