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Nath A, Ghosh S, Bandyopadhyay D. Role of melatonin in mitigation of insulin resistance and ensuing diabetic cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2024; 355:122993. [PMID: 39154810 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Addressing insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia might offer a viable treatment approach to stop the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as these conditions independently predispose to the development of the disease, which is initially characterized by diastolic abnormalities. The development of diabetic cardiomyopathy appears to be driven mainly by insulin resistance or impaired insulin signalling and/or hyperinsulinemia. Oxidative stress, hypertrophy, fibrosis, cardiac diastolic dysfunction, and, ultimately, systolic heart failure are the outcomes of these pathophysiological alterations. Melatonin is a ubiquitous indoleamine, a widely distributed compound secreted mainly by the pineal gland, and serves a variety of purposes in almost every living creature. Melatonin is found to play a leading role by improving myocardial cell metabolism, decreasing vascular endothelial cell death, reversing micro-circulation disorders, reducing myocardial fibrosis, decreasing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulating cell autophagy and apoptosis, and enhancing mitochondrial function. This review highlights a relationship between insulin resistance and associated cardiomyopathy. It explores the potential therapeutic strategies offered by the neurohormone melatonin, an important antioxidant that plays a leading role in maintaining glucose homeostasis by influencing the glucose transporters independently and through its receptors. The vast distribution of melatonin receptors in the body, including beta cells of pancreatic islets, asserts the role of this indole molecule in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Melatonin controls the production of GLUT4 and/or the phosphorylation process of the receptor for insulin and its intracellular substrates, activating the insulin-signalling pathway through its G-protein-coupled membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Nath
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Songita Ghosh
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
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2
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Megha KB, Arathi A, Shikha S, Alka R, Ramya P, Mohanan PV. Significance of Melatonin in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Disease Management. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5541-5571. [PMID: 38206471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, the 'hormone of darkness' is a neuronal hormone secreted by the pineal gland and other extra pineal sites. Responsible for the circadian rhythm and seasonal behaviour of vertebrates and mammals, melatonin is responsible for regulating various physiological conditions and the maintenance of sleep, body weight and the neuronal activities of the ocular sites. With its unique amphiphilic structure, melatonin can cross the cellular barriers and elucidate its activities in the subcellular components, including mitochondria. Melatonin is a potential scavenger of oxygen and nitrogen-reactive species and can directly obliterate the ROS and RNS by a receptor-independent mechanism. It can also regulate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in various pathological conditions and exhibit therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative, psychiatric disorders and cancer. Melatonin is also found to show its effects on major organs, particularly the brain, liver and heart, and also imparts a role in the modulation of the immune system. Thus, melatonin is a multifaceted candidate with immense therapeutic potential and is still considered an effective supplement on various therapies. This is primarily due to rectification of aberrant circadian rhythm by improvement of sleep quality associated with risk development of neurodegenerative, cognitive, cardiovascular and other metabolic disorders, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - A Arathi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Saini Shikha
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rao Alka
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prabhu Ramya
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Government Arts College, Trivandrum, 695 014, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India.
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Cong J, Li JY, Zou W. Mechanism and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage focus on mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1423132. [PMID: 39156127 PMCID: PMC11328408 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1423132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common subtype of stroke, characterized by high mortality and a poor prognosis. Despite various treatment methods, there has been limited improvement in the prognosis of ICH over the past decades. Therefore, it is imperative to identify a feasible treatment strategy for ICH. Mitochondria are organelles present in most eukaryotic cells and serve as the primary sites for aerobic respiration and energy production. Under unfavorable cellular conditions, mitochondria can induce changes in permeability through the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), ultimately leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and contributing to various diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that mPTP plays a role in the pathological processes associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, ischemic stroke and ischemia-reperfusion injury, among others. However, there is limited research on mPTP involvement specifically in ICH. Therefore, this study comprehensively examines the pathological processes associated with mPTP in terms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and other related mechanisms to elucidate the potential mechanism underlying mPTP involvement in ICH. This research aims to provide novel insights for the treatment of secondary injury after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Yi Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Clinical Integrated of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilong Jiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Carlos RM, Matias CN, Cavaca ML, Cardoso S, Santos DA, Giro R, Vaz JR, Pereira P, Vicente F, Leonardo-Mendonça RC, Ganhão-Arranhado S, Santos HO, Reiter RJ, Teixeira FJ. The effects of melatonin and magnesium in a novel supplement delivery system on sleep scores, body composition and metabolism in otherwise healthy individuals with sleep disturbances. Chronobiol Int 2024; 41:817-828. [PMID: 38745424 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2024.2353225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a novel dietary supplement, including melatonin and magnesium, delivered via coffee pods on sleep quality, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and body composition in individuals with poor sleep quality disturbances. Using a double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial, we recruited 35 participants to a 4-week intervention with both supplements (1.9 mg melatonin + 200 mg elemental magnesium before sleep) and placebo conditions, considering a 7d washout period between treatments. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was applied, RMR (kcal) was measured using indirect calorimetry (canopy ventilated open-circuit system) and body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Decreases in PSQI and anger - hostility scores, as well as in energy intake and fat mass, were observed (p < 0.05) for both conditions, from baseline to the end of each 4-week intervention. Differences between conditions were also observed for these parameters along with energy spent in activity, number of sedentary breaks, sleep efficiency, latency time, time in bed, total sleep time, awakening time, and movement index (p < 0.05) favouring the supplement condition. However, the final PSQI questionnaire scores still indicated poor sleep quality on average (PSQI > 5), in both conditions, with no changes regarding RMR. A melatonin-magnesium supplement, in a coffee pod format, showed improvements in sleep quality in otherwise healthy individuals with sleep disturbances, however PSQI questionnaire scores still indicated poor quality on average (PSQI > 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Carlos
- Atlântica - Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
- Bettery Lifelab, Bettery S.A., Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina N Matias
- Bettery Lifelab, Bettery S.A., Lisboa, Portugal
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida L Cavaca
- Bettery Lifelab, Bettery S.A., Lisboa, Portugal
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cardoso
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Diana A Santos
- ESECS, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Portugal
| | - Rita Giro
- Bettery Lifelab, Bettery S.A., Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João R Vaz
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Pereira
- Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Almada, Portugal
| | - Filipa Vicente
- Grupo de Estudos em Nutrição Aplicada (GENA), CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Susana Ganhão-Arranhado
- Atlântica - Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
- CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Filipe J Teixeira
- Atlântica - Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
- Bettery Lifelab, Bettery S.A., Lisboa, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
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Ahmadi S, Taghizadieh M, Mehdizadehfar E, Hasani A, Khalili Fard J, Feizi H, Hamishehkar H, Ansarin M, Yekani M, Memar MY. Gut microbiota in neurological diseases: Melatonin plays an important regulatory role. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116487. [PMID: 38518598 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule produced in the human pineal gland as a hormone. It is known for its essential biological effects, such as antioxidant activity, circadian rhythm regulator, and immunomodulatory effects. The gut is one of the primary known sources of melatonin. The gut microbiota helps produce melatonin from tryptophan, and melatonin has been shown to have a beneficial effect on gut barrier function and microbial population. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota is associated with bacterial imbalance and decreased beneficial microbial metabolites, including melatonin. In this way, low melatonin levels may be related to several human diseases. Melatonin has shown both preventive and therapeutic effects against various conditions, including neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This review was aimed to discuss the role of melatonin in the body, and to describe the possible relationship between gut microbiota and melatonin production, as well as the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin on neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ahmadi
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Mehdizadehfar
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alka Hasani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Feizi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, Aalinasab Hospital, Social Security Organization, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hammed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masood Ansarin
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Grover P, Singh AK, Kumar A, Honparkhe M, Singh N, Singh P. Effect of exogenous melatonin implant on post-thaw semen quality of buffalo bulls. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14562. [PMID: 38591843 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is an intracellular antioxidant of sperm membrane that protects the cells from lipid peroxidation. Yet, its role as an antioxidant on semen quality of buffalo bulls is still obscure. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of exogenous melatonin implant (18 mg/50 kg bodyweight) on post-thaw sperm characteristics, oxidative stress, endocrinological profiles and fertility of buffalo bulls. Six apparently healthy breeding Murrah buffalo bulls were randomly selected at bull farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for the present study and divided into two groups viz. control (n = 3) and melatonin implanted group (n = 3). A total of 120 ejaculates were collected from bulls of both groups (n = 60 each) throughout the study period. Most beneficial effects of melatonin implants were observed during post-implantation period. The percentages of post-thaw sperm total and progressive motility, viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were higher (p < .05) in melatonin implanted buffalo bulls compared to controls during post-implantation period. Following melatonin implantation, MDA production in post-thaw semen was lower (p < .05) in melatonin implanted group than in control group. Plasma melatonin and testosterone concentrations were higher (p < .05) in buffalo bulls implanted with melatonin as compared to their control counterparts. No differences (p > .05) in plasma LH concentrations were observed in both groups. First service pregnancy rate was 43.3% using semen of melatonin implanted bulls and 30.0% with semen of controls (p > .05). Thus, melatonin was able to protect sperm membrane against oxidative damage and improve post-thaw semen quality, thereby resulting in higher fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Grover
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Singh
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mrigank Honparkhe
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep Singh
- Directorate of Livestock Farms, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Prahlad Singh
- Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Services Complex, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ruan Q, Yang S, Hua S, Zhang W, Li D, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Meng Z. Supplementation of Extender with Melatonin Improves the Motility, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Fertilization Ability of Cryopreserved Brown-Marbled Grouper Sperm. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:995. [PMID: 38612234 PMCID: PMC11010917 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is a valuable tool for breeding, conservation, and genetic improvement in aquatic resources, while oxidative damage will cause a decline in sperm quality during this progress. Melatonin (MT), a natural antioxidant hormone, is used as an additive in sperm cryopreservation to reduce cellular damage from oxidative stress. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of adding MT to the freezing medium in sperm cryopreservation of brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Different concentrations of MT (0, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL) were tested. We evaluated sperm motility, viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and fertilization ability to assess the effects of MT supplementation. Our results demonstrated that the addition of MT to the extender improved the post-thaw motility, MMP, and fertilization ability of brown-marbled grouper sperm. The total motility, curvilinear velocity, straight linear velocity, and average path velocity in MT-treated groups (0.1 and 0.25 mg/mL) exhibited significantly higher values than that of the control group. A higher MMP (p < 0.05) was observed in the group treated with 0.25 mg/mL MT, suggesting that supplementation of MT in the extender might be able to protect mitochondrial membrane integrity effectively. Regarding fertilizing ability, 0.25 mg/mL MT yielded a significantly higher hatching rate than the control. An adverse effect was found with the concentration of MT up to 0.5 mg/mL, suggesting the possible toxicity of a high-dose addition. In this study, we optimized the sperm cryopreservation protocol of brown-marbled grouper, which might be valuable for sperm cryopreservation and sample commercialization of groupers and other fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.R.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University (Yangjiang Campus), Yangjiang 529599, China;
| | - Sijie Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.R.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.R.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Duo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.R.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.R.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.R.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qinghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.R.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Zining Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Economic Animals, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Q.R.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.W.); (Q.W.)
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Zhuhai 519000, China
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Torres TM, Almeida-Monteiro PSD, Nascimento RVD, Cândido-Sobrinho SA, Sousa CTN, Ferreira YM, de Paula KT, Salmito-Vanderley CSB. Effects of taurine, cysteine and melatonin as antioxidant supplements to the freezing medium of Prochilodus brevis sperm. Cryobiology 2024; 114:104858. [PMID: 38346570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cryopreservation consist of a set of methods to preserve cells and tissues by drastically reducing the temperature. Among some undesired effects, cryopreservation might generate reactive oxygen species that lead to an increase of oxidative stress, causing damage to cells. This study aimed to test taurine, cysteine, and melatonin on the freezing of Prochilodus brevis sperm and assess its effects on post-thawed sperm quality. Sperm was collected and seven pools were formed (n = 7). They were diluted (1:9) in standard medium (5% glucose, 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 5% egg yolk) supplemented or not (control) with taurine (0.3, 1.0, 3.16 or 10.0 mM), cysteine (0.3, 1.0, 3.16 or 10.0 mM) or melatonin (0.6, 1.12, 2.0 or 3.56 mM). Post-thawed sperm was evaluated for kinetic (total motility, velocities, and percentage of rapid cells), morphology and membrane and DNA integrity. Differences were found when melatonin was used as an antioxidant. For the variables rapid sperm and sperm velocities, 3.56 mM melatonin presented higher results than the control (melatonin 0 mM). Melatonin 2 mM was similar to 3.56 mM on rapid sperm, average path velocity (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL). No difference was found between concentration 0 mM (control) and taurine treatments. As for cysteine, 0.3 mM presented the best results for rapid sperm than 10 mM, and higher VCL and VAP than 1 mM. Melatonin 3.56 mM presented higher results on kinetic parameters (rapid motility, VCL, VSL and VAP) than other tested antioxidants. Therefore, melatonin 3.56 mM is recommended to be added to the sperm freezing medium of P. brevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Maia Torres
- Fish Reproduction Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Carla Tatiana Nascimento Sousa
- Fish Reproduction Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Maia Ferreira
- Fish Reproduction Biotechnology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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9
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Abd El-Hamid IS. Improving chilled and frozen buck sperm characteristics by adding melatonin and L-carnitine to the preservation medium. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14504. [PMID: 37942917 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of melatonin (MLT) and L-carnitine supplementation on sperm quality and antioxidant capacity during chilled and cryopreservation. Twenty-four ejaculates were collected from six Damascus bucks, 4 ejaculates each, from mid-September to mid-October 2022. The pooled semen from each collecting session was divided into 5 equal aliquots after being diluted (1:10) with Tris-citric acid egg yolk extender. The first aliquot served as a control (treatment-free). MLT was added to the second and third aliquots at low and high doses (LD: 4 and HD: 8 μL/mL) (v/v), respectively, while L-carnitine (LC) was added to the fourth and fifth aliquots at the same aforementioned doses. The aliquots were stored at 4°C for 48 h to assess sperm physical and morphological characteristics, alongside lipids peroxidase (LP) production and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. The optimum doses of MLT and LC that showed potential for maintaining sperm characteristics throughout the chilled storage period were further investigated for protecting the spermatozoa after exposure to cryopreservation stress compared to the control. The results showed higher sperm motility (%) in the MLT-HD group, higher (p ≤ .05) sperm viability (%) in the MLT-LD, and both aliquots of LC at T24 hours of chilled preservation. Normal sperm (%) was higher (p ≤ .05) in both LC-LD and MLT-LD groups than other groups, while sperm acrosome integrity (%) was higher (p ≤ .05) in the LC-LD group. Morphological abnormalities (%) were improved (p ≤ .05) in all treated aliquots compared with control. The mean value of GPX activity was higher (p ≤ .05) in both MLT groups, while the concentration of LP increased (p ≤ .05) in the LC-HD or control groups. Furthermore, supplementing buck sperm medium with 4 μL/mL of MLT or LC improved (p < .05) the sperm characteristics and decreased (p < .05) DNA fragmentation index after thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim S Abd El-Hamid
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Cairo, Egypt
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Fernández-Martínez J, Ramírez-Casas Y, Yang Y, Aranda-Martínez P, Martínez-Ruiz L, Escames G, Acuña-Castroviejo D. From Chronodisruption to Sarcopenia: The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1779. [PMID: 38136651 PMCID: PMC10741491 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related condition that involves a progressive decline in muscle mass and function, leading to increased risk of falls, frailty, and mortality. Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, aging-related processes like inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced mitochondrial capacity, and cell apoptosis contribute to this decline. Disruption of the circadian system with age may initiate these pathways in skeletal muscle, preceding the onset of sarcopenia. At present, there is no pharmacological treatment for sarcopenia, only resistance exercise and proper nutrition may delay its onset. Melatonin, derived from tryptophan, emerges as an exceptional candidate for treating sarcopenia due to its chronobiotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Its impact on mitochondria and organelle, where it is synthesized and crucial in aging skeletal muscle, further highlights its potential. In this review, we discuss the influence of clock genes in muscular aging, with special reference to peripheral clock genes in the skeletal muscle, as well as their relationship with melatonin, which is proposed as a potential therapy against sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernández-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ramírez-Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Paula Aranda-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío Acuña-Castroviejo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (J.F.-M.); (Y.R.-C.); (P.A.-M.); (L.M.-R.); (G.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs.Granada), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- UGC de Laboratorios Clínicos, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
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11
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Zeng Y, Fang Q, Chen J, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Shi Y, Zhan H, Zhong X, Yao M, Huang H, Wu W. Melatonin Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Regulating SIRT1 in Dorsal Root Ganglions. Neuroscience 2023; 534:29-40. [PMID: 37832908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating chronic pain condition and is refractory to the currently available treatments. Emerging evidence suggests that melatonin exerts analgesic effects in rodent models of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, the exact underlying mechanisms of the analgesic effects of melatonin on neuropathic pain are largely unknown. Here, we observed that spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats L5 and L6 induced an obvious decrease in the 50% paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL), indicating the induction of mechanical allodynia and the hyperalgesia, and melatonin prevented the genesis and maintenance of mechanical allodynia and the hyperalgesia. Notably, the inhibitory action of melatonin on SNL-induced mechanical allodynia and heat hypersensitivity was inhibited by a SIRT1 inhibitor (EX527). Melatonin treatment increased the expression of neuronal sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in DRGs following nerve injury. Furthermore, melatonin treatment restored the injury-dependent decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and reduced the injury-dependent increase in hydrogen peroxide and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which was inhibited by EX527. In addition, we found that EX527 impeded the inhibitory effects of melatonin on the SNL-induced increased expression of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). In conclusion, the above data demonstrated that melatonin alleviated mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by peripheral nerve injury via SIRT1 activation. Melatonin resolved mitochondrial dysfunction-oxidative stress-dependent and neuroinflammation mechanisms that were driven by SIRT1 after nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongrui Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiongxiong Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Huai Huang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen Rehabilitation (Intensive Rehabilitation Center), Southern Theater Command General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Tamay E, Palacios P, Peláez G, Saa LR, Dorado J, Santiago-Moreno J, Galarza DA. Effect of Melatonin and Caffeine Supplementation to Freezing Medium on Cryosurvival of Peruvian Paso Horse Sperm Using a Two-Step Accelerating Cooling Rate. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:561-568. [PMID: 36378840 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examined the antioxidant and cryoprotective effects of melatonin (ME) and caffeine (CAF) supplementation in freezing medium on the cryosurvival of Peruvian Paso horse sperm using a two-step accelerating cooling rate. Twenty ejaculates from four adult and fertile stallions were recovered, initially diluted with INRA-96®, and finally frozen with INRA-Freeze® with either no supplementation (as control), 1 μM ME, or 2 mM CAF using a two-ramp freezing system content inside a cryogenic-box and liquid nitrogen vapors. The sperm kinematic parameters and integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes of fresh semen and cryopreserved samples were evaluated using the CASA system (SCA-Evolution® 2018) and PI/fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) agglutinin double fluorescent test, respectively. The oxidative stress of post-thaw sperm samples was also assessed using the CellRox Deep Red fluorescence test. The results showed that curvilinear velocity and average-path velocity were greater (p < 0.05) after freezing with CAF than the control group. In addition, there were significance differences (p < 0.01) between stallions (1-4) in post-thaw kinematic parameters regardless of ME or CAF addition. Both ME and CAF improved (p < 0.05) the proportion of sperm with intact plasma membranes and intact acrosomes. Nevertheless, neither CAF nor ME improved the oxidative stress after the cryopreservation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Tamay
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Paula Palacios
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Peláez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Luis Rodrigo Saa
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Jesús Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julián Santiago-Moreno
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego A Galarza
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
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13
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Luthra NS, Christou DD, Clow A, Corcos DM. Targeting neuroendocrine abnormalities in Parkinson's disease with exercise. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1228444. [PMID: 37746149 PMCID: PMC10514367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1228444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a prevalent and complex age-related neurodegenerative condition for which there are no disease-modifying treatments currently available. The pathophysiological process underlying PD remains incompletely understood but increasing evidence points to multiple system dysfunction. Interestingly, the past decade has produced evidence that exercise not only reduces signs and symptoms of PD but is also potentially neuroprotective. Characterizing the mechanistic pathways that are triggered by exercise and lead to positive outcomes will improve understanding of how to counter disease progression and symptomatology. In this review, we highlight how exercise regulates the neuroendocrine system, whose primary role is to respond to stress, maintain homeostasis and improve resilience to aging. We focus on a group of hormones - cortisol, melatonin, insulin, klotho, and vitamin D - that have been shown to associate with various non-motor symptoms of PD, such as mood, cognition, and sleep/circadian rhythm disorder. These hormones may represent important biomarkers to track in clinical trials evaluating effects of exercise in PD with the aim of providing evidence that patients can exert some behavioral-induced control over their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijee S. Luthra
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Demetra D. Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angela Clow
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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14
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Dehdari Ebrahimi N, Sadeghi A, Shojaei-Zarghani S, Shahlaee MA, Taherifard E, Rahimian Z, Eghlidos Z, Azarpira N, Safarpour AR. Protective effects of exogenous melatonin therapy against oxidative stress to male reproductive tissue caused by anti-cancer chemical and radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1184745. [PMID: 37701901 PMCID: PMC10494246 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Male testicular dysfunction is a considerable complication of anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, partly due to the increased oxidative stress caused by these treatments. Melatonin is an effective antioxidant agent that protects testicles against physical and toxic chemical stressors in animal models. This study aims to systematically review the melatonin's protective effects against anti-cancer stressors on rodential testicular tissue. Materials and Method An extensive search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for animal studies investigating exogenous melatonin's protective effects on rodent testicles exposed to anti-cancer chemicals and radiotherapeutic agents. Using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model, standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from the pooled data. The protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022355293). Results The meta-analysis included 38 studies from 43 studies that were eligible for the review. Rats and mice were exposed to radiotherapy (ionizing radiations such as gamma- and roentgen radiation and radioactive iodine) or chemotherapy (methotrexate, paclitaxel, busulfan, cisplatin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, Taxol, procarbazine, docetaxel, and chlorambucil). According to our meta-analysis, all outcomes were significantly improved by melatonin therapy, including sperm quantity and quality (count, motility, viability, normal morphology, number of spermatogonia, Johnsen's testicular biopsy score, seminiferous tubular diameter, and seminiferous epithelial height), serum level of reproductive hormones (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and testosterone), tissue markers of oxidative stress (testicular tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, caspase-3, and total antioxidant capacity), and weight-related characteristics (absolute body, epididymis, testis, and relative testis to body weights). Most SYRCLE domains exhibited a high risk of bias in the included studies. Also, significant heterogeneity and small-study effects were detected. Conclusion In male rodents, melatonin therapy was related to improved testicular histopathology, reproductive hormones, testis and body weights, and reduced levels of oxidative markers in testicular tissues of male rodents. Future meticulous studies are recommended to provide a robust scientific backbone for human applications. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022355293, identifier CRD42022355293.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Sadeghi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Shojaei-Zarghani
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Erfan Taherifard
- MPH Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimian
- Department of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Eghlidos
- Department of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Xu G, Dong Y, Wang Z, Ding H, Wang J, Zhao J, Liu H, Lv W. Melatonin Attenuates Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis of Bovine Ovarian Granulosa Cells by Promoting Mitophagy via SIRT1/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12854. [PMID: 37629033 PMCID: PMC10454225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis of granulosa cells is considered to be a main driver of follicular atresia. Increasing evidence suggests a protective effect of melatonin against oxidative damage but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of melatonin on mitophagy and apoptosis of bovine ovarian granulosa cells under oxidative stress, and to clarify the mechanism. Our results indicate that melatonin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial injury of bovine ovarian granulosa cells, as revealed by decreased apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, Ca2+ concentration, and cytochrome C release and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Simultaneously, melatonin promoted mitophagy of bovine ovarian granulosa cells through increasing the expression of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), PARKIN, BECLIN1, and LC3II/LC3I; decreasing the expression of sequestosome 1 (SQSMT1); and promoting mitophagosome and lysosome fusion. After treatment with a mitophagy inhibitor CsA, we found that melatonin alleviated apoptosis and mitochondrial injury through promoting mitophagy in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. Furthermore, melatonin promoted the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and decreased the expression level of forkhead transcription factors class O (type1) (FoxO1). By treatment with an SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 or FoxO1 overexpression, the promotion of melatonin on mitophagy as well as the inhibition on mitochondrial injury and apoptosis were reversed in bovine ovarian granulosa cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that melatonin could promote mitophagy to attenuate oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial injury of bovine ovarian granulosa cells via the SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqing Xu
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding & Reproduction Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yangyunyi Dong
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding & Reproduction Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding & Reproduction Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - He Ding
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding & Reproduction Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding & Reproduction Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding & Reproduction Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding & Reproduction Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenfa Lv
- Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Animal Breeding & Reproduction Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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16
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Horodincu L, Solcan C. Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2095. [PMID: 37443893 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the pineal gland in birds influences behavioural and physiological functions, including those of the immune system. The purpose of this research is to examine the endocrine-immune correlations between melatonin and immune system activity. Through a description of the immune-pineal axis, we formulated the objective to determine and describe: the development of the pineal gland; how light influences secretory activity; and how melatonin influences the activity of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The pineal gland has the ability to turn light information into an endocrine signal suitable for the immune system via the membrane receptors Mel1a, Mel1b, and Mel1c, as well as the nuclear receptors RORα, RORβ, and RORγ. We can state the following findings: green monochromatic light (560 nm) increased serum melatonin levels and promoted a stronger humoral and cellular immune response by proliferating B and T lymphocytes; the combination of green and blue monochromatic light (560-480 nm) ameliorated the inflammatory response and protected lymphoid organs from oxidative stress; and red monochromatic light (660 nm) maintained the inflammatory response and promoted the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Melatonin can be considered a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator and is a critical element in the coordination between external light stimulation and the body's internal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Horodincu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
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17
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Bernatoniene J, Sciupokas A, Kopustinskiene DM, Petrikonis K. Novel Drug Targets and Emerging Pharmacotherapies in Neuropathic Pain. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1799. [PMID: 37513986 PMCID: PMC10384314 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition characterized by abnormal signaling within the nervous system, resulting in persistent and often intense sensations of pain. It can arise from various causes, including traumatic nerve injury, neuropathy, and certain diseases. We present an overview of current and emerging pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain, focusing on novel drug targets and potential therapeutic agents. Current pharmacotherapies, including tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentinoids, and serotonin norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors, are discussed, as are emerging treatments, such as ambroxol, cannabidiol, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Additionally, the article highlights the need for further research in this field to identify new targets and develop more effective and targeted therapies for neuropathic pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Sciupokas
- Pain Clinic, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital Kauno Klinikos, Eivenių Str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Neurology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Marija Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Petrikonis
- Department of Neurology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
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18
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Wang L, Wang C, Li X, Tao Z, Zhu W, Su Y, Choi WS. Melatonin and erastin emerge synergistic anti-tumor effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma by inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis, and inhibiting autophagy through promoting ROS. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:36. [PMID: 37131152 PMCID: PMC10155313 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00449-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinomas are one of the most common cancers worldwide with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer and cause various types of regulated cell death (RCD). Inducing the RCD pathway by modulating ROS levels is imperative to conquer cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the synergistic anticancer effects of melatonin and erastin on ROS modulation and subsequent RCD induction. METHODS Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SCC-15 cells) were treated with melatonin, erastin, or their combination. Cell viability, ROS levels, autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis levels were tested according to the results of the PCR array, which were verified with/without the induction and inhibition of ROS by H2O2 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, respectively. In addition, a mouse-based subcutaneous oral cancer xenograft model was constructed to identify the effects of melatonin, erastin, and their combination on the autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis levels in isolated tumor tissues. RESULTS ROS levels were increased by the administration of melatonin at high concentrations (mM), and the combination of melatonin with erastin enhanced the levels of malonic dialdehyde, ROS, and lipid ROS, and reduced the levels of glutamate and glutathione. SQSTM1/p62, LC3A/B, cleaved caspase-3, and PARP1 protein levels in SCC-15 cells were also increased by melatonin plus erastin treatment, which further increased as ROS accumulated, and decreased as ROS levels were suppressed. Combined treatment of melatonin and erastin markedly reduced the tumor size in vivo, demonstrated no obvious systemic side effects, and significantly enhanced the apoptosis and ferroptosis levels in the tumor tissues, in parallel with decreased autophagy levels. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin combined with erastin exhibits synergistic anticancer effects without adverse reactions. Herein, this combination might become a promising alternative strategy for oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBME), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuoying Tao
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wangyong Zhu
- Department of Dental Surgery, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiong Su
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Shan Choi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Bell A, Hewins B, Bishop C, Fortin A, Wang J, Creamer JL, Collen J, Werner JK. Traumatic Brain Injury, Sleep, and Melatonin-Intrinsic Changes with Therapeutic Potential. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:177-203. [PMID: 37092428 PMCID: PMC10123665 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity in the United States and is associated with numerous chronic sequelae long after the point of injury. One of the most common long-term complaints in patients with TBI is sleep dysfunction. It is reported that alterations in melatonin follow TBI and may be linked with various sleep and circadian disorders directly (via cellular signaling) or indirectly (via free radicals and inflammatory signaling). Work over the past two decades has contributed to our understanding of the role of melatonin as a sleep regulator and neuroprotective anti-inflammatory agent. Although there is increasing interest in the treatment of insomnia following TBI, a lack of standardization and rigor in melatonin research has left behind a trail of non-generalizable data and ambiguous treatment recommendations. This narrative review describes the underlying biochemical properties of melatonin as they are relevant to TBI. We also discuss potential benefits and a path forward regarding the therapeutic management of TBI with melatonin treatment, including its role as a neuroprotectant, a somnogen, and a modulator of the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Bell
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Bryson Hewins
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (B.H.)
| | - Courtney Bishop
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (B.H.)
| | - Amanda Fortin
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (B.H.)
| | - Jonathan Wang
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (B.H.)
| | | | - Jacob Collen
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (B.H.)
| | - J. Kent Werner
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (B.H.)
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20
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Kisielinski K, Wagner S, Hirsch O, Klosterhalfen B, Prescher A. Possible toxicity of chronic carbon dioxide exposure associated with face mask use, particularly in pregnant women, children and adolescents - A scoping review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14117. [PMID: 37057051 PMCID: PMC9981272 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic, face masks have become one of the most important ubiquitous factors affecting human breathing. It increases the resistance and dead space volume leading to a re-breathing of CO2. So far, this phenomenon and possible implications on early life has not been evaluated in depth. Method As part of a scoping review, literature was systematically reviewed regarding CO2 exposure and facemask use. Results Fresh air has around 0.04% CO2, while wearing masks more than 5 min bears a possible chronic exposure to carbon dioxide of 1.41% to 3.2% of the inhaled air. Although the buildup is usually within the short-term exposure limits, long-term exceedances and consequences must be considered due to experimental data. US Navy toxicity experts set the exposure limits for submarines carrying a female crew to 0.8% CO2 based on animal studies which indicated an increased risk for stillbirths. Additionally, mammals who were chronically exposed to 0.3% CO2 the experimental data demonstrate a teratogenicity with irreversible neuron damage in the offspring, reduced spatial learning caused by brainstem neuron apoptosis and reduced circulating levels of the insulin-like growth factor-1. With significant impact on three readout parameters (morphological, functional, marker) this chronic 0.3% CO2 exposure has to be defined as being toxic. Additional data exists on the exposure of chronic 0.3% CO2 in adolescent mammals causing neuron destruction, which includes less activity, increased anxiety and impaired learning and memory. There is also data indicating testicular toxicity in adolescents at CO2 inhalation concentrations above 0.5%. Discussion There is a possible negative impact risk by imposing extended mask mandates especially for vulnerable subgroups. Circumstantial evidence exists that extended mask use may be related to current observations of stillbirths and to reduced verbal motor and overall cognitive performance in children born during the pandemic. A need exists to reconsider mask mandates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kisielinski
- Independent Researcher, Surgeon, Private Practice, 40212 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Wagner
- Non Clinical Expert, Veterinarian, Wagner MSL Management, 15831 Mahlow, Germany
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, 57078 Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Prescher
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy (MOCA), 52074 Aachen, Germany
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21
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Ahmad F, Sachdeva P, Sarkar J, Izhaar R. Circadian dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease - An updated review. Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:71-81. [PMID: 36911088 PMCID: PMC10000289 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be the most typical form of dementia that provokes irreversible cognitive impairment. Along with cognitive impairment, circadian rhythm dysfunction is a fundamental factor in aggravating AD. A link among circadian rhythms, sleep, and AD has been well-documented. The etiopathogenesis of circadian system disruptions and AD serves some general characteristics that also open up the possibility of viewing them as a mutually reliant path. In this review, we have focused on different factors that are related to circadian rhythm dysfunction. The various pathogenic factors, such as amyloid-beta, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and circadian rhythm dysfunction may all contribute to AD. In this review, we also tried to focus on melatonin which is produced from the pineal gland and can be used to treat circadian dysfunction in AD. Aside from amyloid beta, tau pathology may have a notable influence on sleep. Conclusively, the center of this review is primarily based on the principal mechanistic complexities associated with circadian rhythm disruption, sleep deprivation, and AD, and it also emphasizes the potential therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology Jamia Hamdard University Delhi India
| | - Punya Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jasmine Sarkar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raafiah Izhaar
- Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia Delhi India
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22
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Liu Y, Wang D, Li T, Xu L, Li Z, Bai X, Tang M, Wang Y. Melatonin: A potential adjuvant therapy for septic myopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114209. [PMID: 36916434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Septic myopathy, also known as ICU acquired weakness (ICU-AW), is a characteristic clinical symptom of patients with sepsis, mainly manifested as skeletal muscle weakness and muscular atrophy, which affects the respiratory and motor systems of patients, reduces the quality of life, and even threatens the survival of patients. Melatonin is one of the hormones secreted by the pineal gland. Previous studies have found that melatonin has anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, antioxidant stress, autophagic lysosome regulation, mitochondrial protection, and other multiple biological functions and plays a protective role in sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction. Given the results of previous studies, we believe that melatonin may play an excellent regulatory role in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle atrophy in septic myopathy. Melatonin, as an over-the-counter drug, has the potential to be an early, complementary treatment for clinical trials. Based on previous research results, this article aims to critically discuss and review the effects of melatonin on sepsis and skeletal muscle depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ligang Xu
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Zhanfei Li
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Bai
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Manli Tang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
| | - Yuchang Wang
- Trauma Center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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23
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Grout MM, Mitchell KB. Disulfiram-Mitigating Unintended Effects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020262. [PMID: 36830172 PMCID: PMC9952438 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease caused by infection with a multitude of vector-borne organisms can sometimes be successfully treated in its very early stages. However, if diagnosis is delayed, this infection can become disseminated and, like another spirochetal infection syphilis, can affect multiple organ systems in the body, causing a wide variety of life-altering symptoms. Conventional antibiotic therapy may not be effective in eradicating the symptoms of the disease we know as Lyme disease. The recent literature has suggested that disulfiram (DSM) may be a potent drug in the armamentarium of physicians who treat chronic Lyme disease. The use of disulfiram in the treatment of Lyme disease started with a researcher who determined that DSM is bactericidal to spirochete. Encouraged by published case reports of apparent recovery from chronic Lyme disease, having prescribed DSM ourselves in the past for alcoholics who had a desire to stop drinking and prescribing it now for patients with chronic Lyme disease, we observed both predictable and potentially avoidable side effects not necessarily related to the ingestion of alcohol. We reviewed the published literature in PubMed and Google Scholar, using the following key words: Lyme Disease; Borrelia burgdorferi treatment; and disulfiram toxicity. This paper outlines the results of that research to help avoid some of the pitfalls inherent in this novel use of an old and established medication in the practice of clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M. Grout
- Arizona Center for Advanced Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-480-240-2600
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24
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Yiang GT, Wu CC, Lu CL, Hu WC, Tsai YJ, Huang YM, Su WL, Lu KC. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Elderly Patients with COVID-19: Potential of Melatonin Treatment. Viruses 2023; 15:156. [PMID: 36680196 PMCID: PMC9863214 DOI: 10.3390/v15010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging processes, including immunosenescence, inflammation, inflammasome formation, genomic instability, telomeric attrition, and altered autophagy, are involved in viral infections and they may contribute to increased pathophysiological responses to the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the elderly; this poses additional risks of accelerated aging, which could be found even after recovery. Aging is associated with oxidative damage. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infections may increase the production of reactive oxygen species and such infections will disturb the Ca++ balance via an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated unfolded protein response. Although vaccine development and anti-inflammation therapy lower the severity of COVID-19, the prevalence and mortality rates are still alarming in some countries worldwide. In this review, we describe the involvement of viral proteins in activating ER stress transducers and their downstream signals and in inducing inflammation and inflammasome formation. Furthermore, we propose the potential of melatonin as an ER stress modulator, owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects in viral infections. Considering its strong safety profile, we suggest that additive melatonin supplementation in the elderly could be beneficial in treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24352, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chung Hu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 243, Taiwan
| | - Yiao-Mien Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Su
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 24352, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
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25
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Partyka A, Niżański W. Advances in storage of poultry semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 246:106921. [PMID: 34996657 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is a key biotechnological strategy used to preserve and protect genetic resources, which are subject to increasingly serious reductions in some species, and to protect animal biodiversity. Assisted reproductive techniques, however, are still not utilized to the same extent in avian species to the extent that occurs in mammals. The reasons for this situation are described in this review. The content of this paper is focused on current poultry preservation systems, published since 2010, and new strategies that are very promising for preserving avian genetic resources. Two major types of storage technologies which are utilized for avian sperm preservation, liquid storage and cryopreservation, are emphasized. The issues on which there is a focus includes supplementation of avian extenders with various compounds prior to the preservation period, use of cryoprotectants and fertility results when there were in vitro sperm evaluations. Results from recent studies indicate there are opportunities to improve the quality of bird semen after preservation. It is obvious that cryo-diluent composition may be the most important factor for development of efficacious cryopreservation methods for avian semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Partyka
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Niżański
- Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
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26
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Hardeland R. Redox Biology of Melatonin: Discriminating Between Circadian and Noncircadian Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:704-725. [PMID: 35018802 PMCID: PMC9587799 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has not only to be seen as a regulator of circadian clocks. In addition to its chronobiotic functions, it displays other actions, especially in cell protection. This includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondria-protecting effects. Although protection is also modulated by the circadian system, the respective actions of melatonin can be distinguished and differ with regard to dose requirements in therapeutic settings. It is the aim of this article to outline these differences in terms of function, signaling, and dosage. Focus has been placed on both the nexus and the dissecting properties between circadian and noncircadian mechanisms. This has to consider details beyond the classic view of melatonin's role, such as widespread synthesis in extrapineal tissues, formation in mitochondria, effects on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and secondary signaling, for example, via upregulation of sirtuins and by regulating noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs. The relevance of these findings, the differences and connections between circadian and noncircadian functions of melatonin shed light on the regulation of inflammation, including macrophage/microglia polarization, damage-associated molecular patterns, avoidance of cytokine storms, and mitochondrial functions, with numerous consequences to antioxidative protection, that is, aspects of high actuality with regard to deadly viral and bacterial diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 704-725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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27
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Hakiminia B, Alikiaii B, Khorvash F, Mousavi S. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: From mechanistic view to targeted therapeutic opportunities. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:612-662. [PMID: 35118714 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi-mechanistic biochemical process, termed as secondary brain injury. Currently, there are no pharmacological agents for definitive treatment of patients with TBI. This article is presented with the purpose of reviewing molecular mechanisms of TBI pathology, as well as potential strategies and agents against pathological pathways. In this review article, materials were obtained by searching PubMed, Scopus, Elsevier, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This search was considered without time limitation. Evidence indicates that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are two key mediators of the secondary injury cascade in TBI pathology. TBI-induced oxidative damage results in the structural and functional impairments of cellular and subcellular components, such as mitochondria. Impairments of mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mitochondrial membrane potential result in a vicious cycle of free radical formation and cell apoptosis. The results of some preclinical and clinical studies, evaluating mitochondria-targeted therapies, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and compounds with pleiotropic effects after TBI, are promising. As a proposed strategy in recent years, mitochondria-targeted multipotential therapy is a new hope, waiting to be confirmed. Moreover, based on the available findings, biologics, such as stem cell-based therapy and transplantation of mitochondria are novel potential strategies for the treatment of TBI; however, more studies are needed to clearly confirm the safety and efficacy of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hakiminia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Alikiaii
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sarah Mousavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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28
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The Zebrafish, an Outstanding Model for Biomedical Research in the Field of Melatonin and Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137438. [PMID: 35806441 PMCID: PMC9267299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish has become an excellent model for the study of human diseases because it offers many advantages over other vertebrate animal models. The pineal gland, as well as the biological clock and circadian rhythms, are highly conserved in zebrafish, and melatonin is produced in the pineal gland and in most organs and tissues of the body. Zebrafish have several copies of the clock genes and of aanat and asmt genes, the latter involved in melatonin synthesis. As in mammals, melatonin can act through its membrane receptors, as with zebrafish, and through mechanisms that are independent of receptors. Pineal melatonin regulates peripheral clocks and the circadian rhythms of the body, such as the sleep/wake rhythm, among others. Extrapineal melatonin functions include antioxidant activity, inducing the endogenous antioxidants enzymes, scavenging activity, removing free radicals, anti-inflammatory activity through the regulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and a homeostatic role in mitochondria. In this review, we introduce the utility of zebrafish to analyze the mechanisms of action of melatonin. The data here presented showed that the zebrafish is a useful model to study human diseases and that melatonin exerts beneficial effects on many pathophysiological processes involved in these diseases.
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Su WL, Wu CC, Wu SFV, Lee MC, Liao MT, Lu KC, Lu CL. A Review of the Potential Effects of Melatonin in Compromised Mitochondrial Redox Activities in Elderly Patients With COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:865321. [PMID: 35795579 PMCID: PMC9251345 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.865321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenous indoleamine, is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule widely distributed in the body. It efficiently regulates pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines under various pathophysiological conditions. The melatonin rhythm, which is strongly associated with oxidative lesions and mitochondrial dysfunction, is also observed during the biological process of aging. Melatonin levels decline considerably with age and are related to numerous age-related illnesses. The signs of aging, including immune aging, increased basal inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, significant telomeric abrasion, and disrupted autophagy, contribute to the increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These characteristics can worsen the pathophysiological response of the elderly to SARS-CoV-2 and pose an additional risk of accelerating biological aging even after recovery. This review explains that the death rate of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) increases with chronic diseases and age, and the decline in melatonin levels, which is closely related to the mitochondrial dysfunction in the patient, affects the virus-related death rate. Further, melatonin can enhance mitochondrial function and limit virus-related diseases. Hence, melatonin supplementation in older people may be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Vivienne Wu
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Melatonin and multiple sclerosis: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator mechanism of action. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1569-1596. [PMID: 35665873 PMCID: PMC9167428 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is an indole hormone secreted primarily by the pineal gland that showing anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity. It can play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases. In this regard, different studies have shown that there is a relationship between Melatonin and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the Central Nervous System. AIM The objective of this review was to evaluate the mechanisms of action of melatonin on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis caused by MS, as well as its interaction with different hormones and factors that can influence the pathophysiology of the disease. RESULTS Melatonin causes a significant increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and can counteract and inhibit the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which would also be beneficial during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, melatonin increases antimicrobial peptides, especially Reg3β, which could be useful in controlling the microbiota. CONCLUSION Melatonin could exert a beneficial effect in people suffering from MS, running as a promising candidate for the treatment of this disease. However, more research in human is needed to help understand the possible interaction between melatonin and certain sex hormones, such as estrogens, to know the potential therapeutic efficacy in both men and women.
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Coenzyme Q10 and Melatonin Protect Cryopreserved Equine Sperm Against Lipoperoxidation. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 243:107027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Dong Y, Cao J, Chen Y. Melatonin Nuclear Receptors Mediate Green-and-Blue-Monochromatic-Light-Combinations-Inhibited B Lymphocyte Apoptosis in the Bursa of Chickens via Reducing Oxidative Stress and Nfκb Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040748. [PMID: 35453433 PMCID: PMC9029876 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies found that melatonin modulates a combination of green-and-blue-light-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation via its membrane receptors Mel1a and Mel1c. However, in addition to its membrane-bound receptors, melatonin also functions through binding to nuclear receptors RORα/RORβ/RORγ. In this study, we raised 120 chicks under 400–700 nm white (WW), 660 nm red (RR), 560 nm green (GG) and 480 nm blue light (BB) from P0 to P26. From P27 to P42, half of the chickens in green, blue and red were switched to blue (G→B), green (B→G) and red (R→B), respectively. We used immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, Elisa and MTT to investigate the influence of various monochromatic light combinations on the bursal B lymphocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress levels as well as estimate whether melatonin and its nuclear receptors were involved in this process. Consistent with the increase in the plasma melatonin concentration and antioxidant enzyme activity, we observed that G→B significantly decreased the RORα, RORγ mRNA level, inhibited Bax, Caspase-3 and p-iκb, p-p65 protein expression, increased the IL-10 level and Nrf2, HO-1 protein expression, down-regulated the MDA and pro-inflammatory IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ levels in the bursa compared with WW, RR, GG, BB and R→B, respectively. Our in vitro results showed exogenous melatonin supplementation inhibited B-lymphocyte apoptosis, decreased IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and ROS production, down-regulated RORα, RORγ mRNA level and p-iκb and p-p65 protein expression, whereas it improved the IL-10 level and Nrf2 and the HO-1 protein expression in bursal B lymphocyte. Moreover, these responses were abrogated by RORα agonist SR1078 but were mimicked by RORα antagonist SR3335 or RORγ antagonist GSK2981278. In addition, p65 antagonist BAY reversed RORα/RORγ-mediated G→B-inhibited bursal B lymphocyte apoptosis. Overall, we concluded that melatonin nuclear RORα/RORγ mediates G→B-inhibited bursal B lymphocyte apoptosis via reducing oxidative stress and Nfκb expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yaoxing Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-3778; Fax: +86-10-6273-3199
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Supplementation of Avian Semen Extenders with Antioxidants to Improve Semen Quality-Is It an Effective Strategy? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121927. [PMID: 34943030 PMCID: PMC8750219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in sperm is a phenomenon related to the increasing rate of oxidation of cellular components and the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in bird sperm cell membranes renders these cells particularly susceptible to lipid peroxidation (LPO). Therefore, to ensure the proper functioning of cells, it is necessary to have a balance between the formation of ROS and the protective action of the antioxidant system. This review aims firstly to briefly introduce the antioxidant system characteristics of avian semen. Secondly, we summarize the recent knowledge regarding progress in extender supplementation using antioxidants and other compounds to improve avian semen quality parameters and fertility rates. The review focuses on enzymes, vitamins, amino acids, proteins, some plant extracts, and other compounds that can be used to supplement the extenders to reduce the formation of oxidants in poultry semen and maintain its quality and enhance its fertility.
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Bello C, Heinisch PP, Mihalj M, Carrel T, Luedi MM. Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase as a Perioperative Marker of the Immune System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:766511. [PMID: 34819875 PMCID: PMC8606526 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.766511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the “rate-limiting” enzyme in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of the tryptophan (Trp) catabolism. By its immune-modulatory effect, IDO initiates changes to the physiologically balanced immune state and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, as well as in the perioperative setting during surgery. In autoimmune processes, highly malignant cancers such as glioblastoma or organ transplantation, IDO’s involvement has been studied extensively. However, in severe systemic infections, as present in sepsis, it is not yet completely understood. Hereafter, in this narrative review, we present the current knowledge of IDO’s implication on such complex immune-related processes. Moreover, we address the role of IDO as a predictive biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for immune-mediated diseases. Finally, we discuss IDO in the setting of surgical trauma-induced stress and highlight its promising use as a biomarker in the pre-operative setting for all disciplines involved in the decision-making process and treatment of patients undergoing surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Bello
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Spital Grabs, Grabs, Switzerland.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Philipp Heinisch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maks Mihalj
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Carrel
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Luedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bern University Hospital (Inselspital), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Motta NC, Egger RC, Monteiro KS, Vogel de Oliveira A, Solis Murgas LD. Effects of melatonin supplementation on the quality of cryopreserved sperm in the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Theriogenology 2021; 179:14-21. [PMID: 34823057 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cryopreservation process causes damage to sperm structures and supplementation of the cryoprotective medium is an alternative to reduce these damages. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of melatonin supplementation on post-thaw sperm quality in Prochilodus lineatus. The cryoprotective medium was supplemented with 2.00, 2.75, 3.50, and 4.25 mM melatonin, and the control group (without melatonin). Sperm motility parameters, membrane integrity, sperm morphology, oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and enzymatic activity), and fertilization capacity were analyzed in the post-thaw sperm. Samples cryopreserved with 2.00 mM melatonin yielded higher sperm motility rate than other treatments with the addition of melatonin. Sperm curvilinear velocity (VCL) and average path velocity (VAP) were higher in samples containing 2.00 mM melatonin than in other treatments. Samples from control and with 2.00 mM melatonin presented higher membrane integrity and morphological normality than samples containing 4.25 and 2.75 mM melatonin, respectively. Regarding oxidative stress, lower lipid peroxidation (LPO) occurred in 2.75 and 3.50 mM melatonin, compared to control. While higher enzyme activity of catalase (CAT) occurred in the control than in other treatments, no differences were observed in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Higher fertilization and hatching rates occurred at 2.75 mM melatonin compared to 4.25 mM. Although no significant differences were observed in LPO between the control and samples supplemented with 2 mM melatonin, it was observed that this dosage of melatonin allowed higher VCL and VSL and reduced values of CAT. However, as there are no differences in motility and fertilization rates between the control and the 2 mM concentration, it is suggested that further studies be carried out with lower concentrations of melatonin in order to determine its effectiveness as an antioxidant in the sperm of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Cristina Motta
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Renata Catão Egger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Kianne Silva Monteiro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | - Luis David Solis Murgas
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil.
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Chen L, Tian Q, Shi Z, Qiu Y, Lu Q, Liu C. Melatonin Alleviates Cardiac Function in Sepsis-Caused Myocarditis via Maintenance of Mitochondrial Function. Front Nutr 2021; 8:754235. [PMID: 34708067 PMCID: PMC8542660 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.754235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has been shown to have a cardioprotective effect against myocarditis. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective role of melatonin (MLT) in sepsis-induced myocarditis are yet to be revealed. In this study, MLT was administrated to mice, 14 days before cecal ligation puncture surgery. Echocardiography results showed that MLT alleviated cardiac dysfunction in sepsis-induced myocarditis. Furthermore, MLT reduced cardiac inflammation by inhibiting the expression of Il-1α, Il-1β, Il-6, and Mcp-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assays with heart tissues showed that MLT maintains the mitochondrial function in sepsis-caused myocarditis. Additionally, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in heart tissues was suppressed by MLT. Taken together, in evaluating the therapeutic effect of MLT on sepsis-induced myocarditis, the results showed that MLT alleviated cardiac damage by regulating mitochondrial function and mitochondrial ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Intensive Care Unit of Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Onohuean H, Adisa RA, Alagbonsi AI. Anti-apoptotic effect of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. stem back extracts on AsPC-1 and mechanisms of action. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:258. [PMID: 34627212 PMCID: PMC8501612 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance Buchholzia coriacea Engl. is popularly called wonderful cola due to its wide ethnomedicinal use for the treatment of various ailments. We investigated the possible cytotoxic effect of its various fractions on human pancreatic cancer cell (AsPC-1) and also determined its mechanisms of action. Materials and methods The AsPC-1 cells were cultivated and separately treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or Buchholzia coriacea Engl. bark (BC) (ethanol, aqueous, chloroform or ethyl acetate extract) for 72 h. Cell viability, caspase 3 and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were determined in vitro after the treatment. Nitric oxide (NO) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals’ scavenging property, ferric reducing power and lipid peroxidation assays were also done to examine the antioxidant effect of BC in vitro. Results Various extracts of BC, especially at 2500 μg/ml and 5000 μg/ml, increased the AsPC-1 viability while 5-FU decreased it. The activity of caspase 3 was increased by 5-FU but reduced by all concentrations of various extracts of BC. Incubation of AsPC-1 with 5-FU showed the majority of cells having the monomeric form of JC-1 dye (bright green fluorescence), which indicated de-energized mitochondria. However, fluorescence photomicrograph of cells incubated with different concentrations (20, 40 and 100 μg/ml) of BC extracts (aqueous, ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate) showed strong JC-1 aggregation (yellow), which indicated mitochondria with intact membrane potentials. BC extracts also scavenged NO and DPPH radicals, inhibited lipid peroxidation and increased ferric reduction, though not as much as ascorbic acid. Conclusion This study suggests that BC elicits anti-apoptotic activity in AsPC-1 by increasing cell viability, decreasing caspase 3 activity, stabilizing the ∆Ψm, and scavenging free radicals. Even though BC is used ethnomedicinally as anti-cancer agent, our findings in the present study suggest that it has pro-cancer potential in-vitro, especially on pancreatic cells. Its anti-apoptotic activity in AsPC-1 could be of clinical significance, especially to counteract the effect of apoptotic agents on pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - Rahmat Adetutu Adisa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullateef Isiaka Alagbonsi
- Department of Clinical Biology (Physiology Unit), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Huye, Rwanda
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Karnik M, Beeraka NM, Uthaiah CA, Nataraj SM, Bettadapura ADS, Aliev G, Madhunapantula SV. A Review on SARS-CoV-2-Induced Neuroinflammation, Neurodevelopmental Complications, and Recent Updates on the Vaccine Development. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4535-4563. [PMID: 34089508 PMCID: PMC8179092 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The incidence and mortality of COVID-19 patients have been increasing at an alarming rate. The mortality is much higher in older individuals, especially the ones suffering from respiratory distress, cardiac abnormalities, renal diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Existing evidence demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 makes its entry into human cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) followed by the uptake of virions through cathepsin L or transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). SARS-CoV-2-mediated abnormalities in particular cardiovascular and neurological ones and the damaged coagulation systems require extensive research to develop better therapeutic modalities. As SARS-CoV-2 uses its S-protein to enter into the host cells of several organs, the S-protein of the virus is considered as the ideal target to develop a potential vaccine. In this review, we have attempted to highlight the landmark discoveries that lead to the development of various vaccines that are currently under different stages of clinical progression. Besides, a brief account of various drug candidates that are being tested to mitigate the burden of COVID-19 was also covered. Further, in a dedicated section, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neuronal inflammation and neuronal disorders was discussed. In summary, it is expected that the content covered in this article help to understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the impact on neuronal complications induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection while providing an update on the vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Karnik
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Chinnappa A Uthaiah
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suma M Nataraj
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Devi S Bettadapura
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, San Antonio, TX, #330, USA
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Munmun F, Witt-Enderby PA. Melatonin effects on bone: Implications for use as a therapy for managing bone loss. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12749. [PMID: 34085304 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is the primary circadian output signal from the brain and is mainly synthesized in pinealocytes. The rhythm and secretion of melatonin are under the control of an endogenous oscillator located in the SCN or the master biological clock. Disruptions in circadian rhythms by shift work, aging, or light at night are associated with bone loss and increased fracture risk. Restoration of nocturnal melatonin peaks to normal levels or therapeutic levels through timed melatonin supplementation has been demonstrated to provide bone-protective actions in various models. Melatonin is a unique molecule with diverse molecular actions targeting melatonin receptors located on the plasma membrane or mitochondria or acting independently of receptors through its actions as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger to stimulate osteoblastogenesis, inhibit osteoclastogenesis, and improve bone density. Its additional actions on entraining circadian rhythms and improving quality of life in an aging population coupled with its safety profile make it an ideal therapeutic candidate for protecting against bone loss in susceptible populations. The intent of this review is to provide a focused discussion on bone loss and disorders of the bone as it relates to melatonin and conditions that modify melatonin levels with the hope that future therapies include those that include melatonin and correct those factors that modify melatonin levels like circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Munmun
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Hosseini FS, Shamsipour M, Yazdekhasti H, Akbari-Asbagh F, Shahraki Z, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. The effect of oral melatonin supplementation on MT-ATP6 gene expression and IVF outcomes in Iranian infertile couples: a nonrandomized controlled trial. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:1487-1495. [PMID: 33683419 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production (MT-ATP6) gene expression in Iranian infertile couples. A single-blind nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted, recruiting 90 infertile couples who underwent IVF at an infertility center in Tehran, Iran. Patients who were assigned to the intervention group received melatonin as a supplementation to the standard controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The control group received a COS protocol only. Primary outcome was the mRNA level of the MT-ATP6 gene in cumulus cells of ovarian follicles. Secondary outcomes were the mean number of mature oocytes retrieved, the embryo quality, and biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates. The mRNA level of the MT-ATP6 gene in cumulus cells between intervention and control groups was not statistically different (0.931 vs.1; P ˃ 0.05). The mean number of poor-quality embryos was significantly lower in the intervention group than that in the control group (0.27 vs. 0.80; P = 0.028). The biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were higher in the intervention group (24% vs. 14%, P = 0.089, and 14% vs. 7%, P = 0.302, respectively); however, the difference was not significant. Melatonin supplementation did not increase the odds of clinical pregnancy and the number of mature oocytes retrieved, but significantly reduced the number of low-quality embryos. More extensive studies focusing on the level of MT-ATP6 gene expression in the oocyte or blastomere cells may further elucidate the effect of supplementation with melatonin in infertile couples who have poor clinical outcomes. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials: IRCT2015042912307N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini
- School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Yazdekhasti
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Akbari-Asbagh
- Infertility center of Tehran Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Morciano G, Naumova N, Koprowski P, Valente S, Sardão VA, Potes Y, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Oliveira PJ. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: an evolving concept critical for cell life and death. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2489-2521. [PMID: 34155777 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize current knowledge of perhaps one of the most intriguing phenomena in cell biology: the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This phenomenon, which was initially observed as a sudden loss of inner mitochondrial membrane impermeability caused by excessive calcium, has been studied for almost 50 years, and still no definitive answer has been provided regarding its mechanisms. From its initial consideration as an in vitro artifact to the current notion that the mPTP is a phenomenon with physiological and pathological implications, a long road has been travelled. We here summarize the role of mitochondria in cytosolic calcium control and the evolving concepts regarding the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) and the mPTP. We show how the evolving mPTP models and mechanisms, which involve many proposed mitochondrial protein components, have arisen from methodological advances and more complex biological models. We describe how scientific progress and methodological advances have allowed milestone discoveries on mPTP regulation and composition and its recognition as a valid target for drug development and a critical component of mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Via Corriera 1, Cotignola, Ravenna, 48033, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Natalia Naumova
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35128, Italy
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Sara Valente
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, Ferrara, 44121, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
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Akyuz E, Kullu I, Arulsamy A, Shaikh MF. Melatonin as an Antiepileptic Molecule: Therapeutic Implications via Neuroprotective and Inflammatory Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1281-1292. [PMID: 33813829 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a result of unprovoked, uncontrollable, and repetitive outburst of abnormal and excessive electrical discharges, known as seizures, in the neurons. Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects 70 million people globally. Unfortunately, only two-thirds of epilepsy patients respond to antiepileptic drugs while others become drug resistant and may be more prone to epilepsy comorbidities such as SUDEP. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and neuroinflammation are some of the common pathologies of neurological disorders and epilepsy. Studies suggests that melatonin, a pineal hormone that governs sleep-wake cycles, may be neuroprotective against neurological disorders and thus may be translated as an antiepileptic as well. Melatonin has been shown to be an antioxidant, antiexcitotoxic, and anti-inflammatory hormone/molecule in neurodegenerative diseases, which may contribute to its antiepileptic and neuroprotective properties in epilepsy as well. In addition, melatonin has evidently been shown to play a regulatory role in the cardiorespiratory system and sleep-wake cycles, which may have positive implications toward epilepsy associated comorbidities, such as SUDEP. However, studies investigating the changes in melatonin release due to epilepsy and melatonin's antiepileptic role have been inconclusive and scarce, respectively. Thus, this comprehensive review aims to summarize and elucidate the potential role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and its comorbidities, in hopes to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that will improve the lives of epileptic patients, particularly those who are drug resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Akyuz
- University of Health Sciences, International Medicine Faculty, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Irem Kullu
- Medical School, Yozgat Bozok University, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Deciphering the Interacting Mechanisms of Circadian Disruption and Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1603-1617. [PMID: 33871799 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the crucial causative factors for progressive dementia. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by the extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in cortical and limbic regions of the human brain. The circadian system is one of the many affected physiological processes in AD, the dysfunction of which may reflect in the irregularity of the sleep/wake cycle. The interplay of circadian and sleep disturbances inducing AD progression is bidirectional. Sleep-associated pathological alterations are frequently evident in AD. Understanding the interrelation between circadian disruption and AD may allow for earlier identification of AD pathogenesis as well as better suited approaches and potential therapies to combat dementia. In this article, we examine the existing literature related to the molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock and interacting mechanisms of circadian disruption and AD pathogenesis.
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Potential Effects of Melatonin and Micronutrients on Mitochondrial Dysfunction during a Cytokine Storm Typical of Oxidative/Inflammatory Diseases. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9020030. [PMID: 33919780 PMCID: PMC8167770 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated oxidative stress and hyper-inflammation are essential features of oxidative/inflammatory diseases. Simultaneously, both processes may be the cause or consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, thus establishing a vicious cycle among these three factors. However, several natural substances, including melatonin and micronutrients, may prevent or attenuate mitochondrial damage and may preserve an optimal state of health by managing the general oxidative and inflammatory status. This review aims to describe the crucial role of mitochondria in the development and progression of multiple diseases as well as the close relationship among mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Likewise, it attempts to summarize the main findings related to the powerful effects of melatonin and some micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), which may be useful (alone or in combination) as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several examples of oxidative/inflammatory pathologies, including sepsis, as well as cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030405. [PMID: 33800426 PMCID: PMC7999178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common and severe stress to an organism's homeostatic mechanisms, and hypoxia during gestation is associated with significantly increased incidence of maternal complications of preeclampsia, adversely impacting on the fetal development and subsequent risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Human and animal studies have revealed a causative role of increased uterine vascular resistance and placental hypoxia in preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) associated with gestational hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia has a major effect on mitochondria of uteroplacental cells to overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Excess mitochondrial ROS in turn cause uteroplacental dysfunction by damaging cellular macromolecules, which underlies the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR. In this article, we review the current understanding of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS and their role in placental dysfunction and the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. In addition, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting mitochondrial ROS in the placental cells are discussed.
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Kim Y, Kang HT, Lee DC. Melatonin Supplementation for Six Weeks Had No Effect on Arterial Stiffness and Mitochondrial DNA in Women Aged 55 Years and Older with Insomnia: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052561. [PMID: 33806529 PMCID: PMC7967366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone produced in the pineal gland that controls sleep and circadian rhythm. Some studies have reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin that could benefit cardiometabolic function; however, there is a lack of evidence to support these assertions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin has beneficial effects on arterial stiffness and mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in humans. Methods: This study was designed as a double-blind randomized controlled study. Thirty-eight healthy women aged 55 years and older were enrolled. All had insomnia (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ≥ 5), not treated with any medications, for at least three months before enrollment. Subjects were divided into a melatonin and a placebo group according to melatonin supplementation. The melatonin group took 2 mg melatonin every night for six weeks. The cardio–ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used as an indicator of arterial stiffness. After six weeks, CAVI, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in white blood cells (WBCs), and other metabolic indices, such as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), were checked. Results: Sleep quality index using PSQI was improved in the melatonin group from a score of 11 to 8 (p = 0.01), but did not change significantly in the control group. However, there was no significant intergroup difference in PSQI. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased in the melatonin group from 135 to 128 mmHg (p = 0.015), while remaining stable in the placebo group. Right CAVI, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and HOMA-IR were not altered in either group. There were no intergroup differences in CAVI, mtDNA, HOMA-IR, or SBP between baseline and week six. Conclusions: We found no evidence that melatonin supplementation improved cardiometabolic parameters like arterial stiffness, mtDNA, or insulin resistance compared to the placebo between baseline and week six. Sleep quality was improved in the melatonin group. Further research, including longer-term studies with higher doses of melatonin, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.-T.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (Y.K.); (H.-T.K.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Duk-Chul Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2228-2330
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Boutin JA, Jockers R. Melatonin controversies, an update. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12702. [PMID: 33108677 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin was discovered more than 60 years ago. Since then, several seminal discoveries have allowed us to define its function as a neuroendocrine hormone and its molecular targets in mammals and many other species. However, many fundamental issues have not yet been solved such as the subcellular localization of melatonin synthesis and the full spectrum of its molecular targets. In addition, a considerable number of controversies persist in the field, mainly concerning how many functions melatonin has. Altogether, this illustrates how "immature" the field still is. The intention of this opinion article is to note the controversies and limitations in the field, to initiate a discussion and to make proposals/guidelines to overcome them and move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes Cedex, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Bonmati-Carrion MA, Tomas-Loba A. Melatonin and Cancer: A Polyhedral Network Where the Source Matters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020210. [PMID: 33535472 PMCID: PMC7912767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is one of the most phylogenetically conserved signals in biology. Although its original function was probably related to its antioxidant capacity, this indoleamine has been “adopted” by multicellular organisms as the “darkness signal” when secreted in a circadian manner and is acutely suppressed by light at night by the pineal gland. However, melatonin is also produced by other tissues, which constitute its extrapineal sources. Apart from its undisputed chronobiotic function, melatonin exerts antioxidant, immunomodulatory, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects, with all these properties making it a powerful antitumor agent. Indeed, this activity has been demonstrated to be mediated by interfering with various cancer hallmarks, and different epidemiological studies have also linked light at night (melatonin suppression) with a higher incidence of different types of cancer. In 2007, the World Health Organization classified night shift work as a probable carcinogen due to circadian disruption, where melatonin plays a central role. Our aim is to review, from a global perspective, the role of melatonin both from pineal and extrapineal origin, as well as their possible interplay, as an intrinsic factor in the incidence, development, and progression of cancer. Particular emphasis will be placed not only on those mechanisms related to melatonin’s antioxidant nature but also on the recently described novel roles of melatonin in microbiota and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Bonmati-Carrion
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 28090 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-A.B.-C.); (A.T.-L.)
| | - Antonia Tomas-Loba
- Circadian Rhythm and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Physiology, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.-A.B.-C.); (A.T.-L.)
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Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J. Molecular Mechanisms of Melatonin-Mediated Cell Protection and Signaling in Health and Disease. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020129. [PMID: 33498316 PMCID: PMC7909293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenously synthesized indolamine, is a powerful antioxidant exerting beneficial action in many pathological conditions. Melatonin protects from oxidative stress in ischemic/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging, decreases inflammation, modulates the immune system, inhibits proliferation, counteracts the Warburg effect, and promotes apoptosis in various cancer models. Melatonin stimulates antioxidant enzymes in the cells, protects mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, especially cardiolipin, from oxidation thus preserving integrity of the membranes, affects mitochondrial membrane potential, stimulates activity of respiratory chain enzymes, and decreases the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and cytochrome c release. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms of melatonin effects in the cells during normal and pathological conditions and possible melatonin clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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Majidi M, Salehi M, Salimi M, Paktinat S, Sefati N, Montazeri S, Jalili A, Norouzian M. The effect of melatonin on in vitro maturation fertilization and early embryo development of mouse oocytes and expression of HMGB1 gene in blastocysts. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000418882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Majidi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maryam Salimi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Arsalan Jalili
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran; , Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Iran
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