1
|
Derkachev IA, Popov SV, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Naryzhnaya NV, Gorbunov AS, Kan A, Krylatov AV, Podoksenov YK, Stepanov IV, Gusakova SV, Fu F, Pei JM. Angiotensin 1-7 increases cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion and mitigates adverse remodeling of the heart-The signaling mechanism. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:489-501. [PMID: 38311344 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mortality rate of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the most pressing issue of modern cardiology. Over the past 10 years, there has been no significant reduction in mortality among patients with AMI. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to develop fundamentally new drugs for the treatment of AMI. Angiotensin 1-7 has some promise in this regard. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is analysis of published data on the cardioprotective properties of angiotensin 1-7. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were used to search articles for this study. RESULTS Angiotensin 1-7 increases cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion and mitigates adverse remodeling of the heart. Angiotensin 1-7 can prevent not only ischemic but also reperfusion cardiac injury. The activation of the Mas receptor plays a key role in these effects of angiotensin 1-7. Angiotensin 1-7 alleviates Ca2+ overload of cardiomyocytes and reactive oxygen species production in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the myocardium. It is possible that both effects are involved in angiotensin 1-7-triggered cardiac tolerance to I/R. Furthermore, angiotensin 1-7 inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and stimulates autophagy of cells. There is also indirect evidence suggesting that angiotensin 1-7 inhibits ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, angiotensin 1-7 possesses anti-inflammatory properties, possibly achieved through NF-kB activity inhibition. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and NO synthase are involved in the infarct-reducing effect of angiotensin 1-7. However, the specific end-effector of the cardioprotective impact of angiotensin 1-7 remains unknown. CONCLUSION The molecular nature of the end-effector of the infarct-limiting effect of angiotensin 1-7 has not been elucidated. Perhaps, this end-effector is the sarcolemmal KATP channel or the mitochondrial KATP channel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Derkachev
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Natalia V Naryzhnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander S Gorbunov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Artur Kan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Krylatov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yuri K Podoksenov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan V Stepanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Gusakova
- Department of Biophysics and Functional Diagnostics, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Ming Pei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pontes CNR, Scalzo S, Jesus ICG, Jesus EFD, Nunes ADDC, Mendonça MM, Mendes EP, Colugnati DB, Xavier CH, Pedrino GR, Guatimosim S, Castro CH. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates the negative inotropic response to acetylcholine in the heart. Peptides 2022; 158:170862. [PMID: 35998722 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the Angiotensin-(1-7) [(Ang-(1-7)] can change cardiac function by modulating the autonomic nervous system. However, it is unknown whether the Ang-(1-7) can modulate the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) in ventricular contractility. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether Ang-(1-7) modifies the amplitude of the cardiac cholinergic effects and if these effects are intrinsic to the heart. In anesthetized Wistar rats, Ang-(1-7) attenuated the effect of ACh in decreasing the left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVESP), dP/dtmax, and dP/dtmin, but did not modify the hypotensive effect of ACh. Similarly, Ang-(1-7) attenuated the reduction of the LVESP, dP/dtmax, and dP/dtmin evoked by ACh in isolated hearts. These effects were blocked by the Mas receptor antagonist, A-779, but not by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL-12,330 A. Ang-(1-7) also attenuated the reduction in the maximum contraction and relaxation speeds and the shortening promoted by ACh in isolated cardiomyocytes. These data show that Ang-(1-7) acting through Mas receptor counter-regulates the myocardial contractile response to ACh in an arterial pressure and heart rate-independent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Nobre Ribeiro Pontes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Scalzo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Itamar Couto Guedes Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika Fernandes de Jesus
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Allancer Divino de Carvalho Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil; Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michelle Mendanha Mendonça
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Pereira Mendes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Diego Basile Colugnati
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Pedrino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Castro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coutinho DCO, Joviano-Santos JV, Santos-Miranda A, Martins-Júnior PA, Da Silva A, Santos RAS, Ferreira AJ. Altered heart cytokine profile and action potential modulation in cardiomyocytes from Mas-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 619:90-96. [PMID: 35749941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key hormonal system. In recent years, the functional analysis of the novel axis of the RAS (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor) revealed that its activation can become protective against several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. Mas knockout mice (Mas-KO) represent an important tool for new investigations. Indeed, extensive biological research has focused on investigating the functional implications of Mas receptor deletion. However, although the Mas receptor was identified in neonatal cardiomyocytes and also in adult ventricular myocytes, only few reports have explored the Ang-(1-7)/Mas signaling directly in cardiomyocytes to date. This study investigated the implication of Mas receptor knockout to the cytokine profile, energy metabolism, and electrical properties of mice-isolated cardiomyocytes. Here, we demonstrated that Mas-KO mice have modulation in some cytokines, such as G-CSF, IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF in the left ventricle. This model also presents increased mitochondrial number in cardiomyocytes and a reduction in the myocyte diameter. Finally, Mas-KO cardiomyocytes have altered action potential modulation after diazoxide challenge. Such electrical finding was different from the data showed for the TGR(A1-7)3292 (TGR) model, which overexpresses Ang-(1-7) in the plasma by 4.5, used by us as a control. Collectively, our findings exemplify the importance of understanding the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas pathway in cardiomyocytes and heart tissue. The Mas-KO mice model can be considered an important tool for new RAS investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Analina Da Silva
- Center for Biomedical Imaging CIBM, ENT-R, Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gunarathne LS, Rajapaksha IG, Casey S, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Rajapaksha H, Trebicka J, Angus PW, Herath CB. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor type D antagonism improves portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2523-2537. [PMID: 35593203 PMCID: PMC9426402 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Splanchnic vasodilatation contributes to the development and aggravation of portal hypertension (PHT). We previously demonstrated that in cirrhosis, angiotensin‐ mediates splanchnic vasodilatation through the Mas receptor (MasR). In this study, we investigated whether the recently characterized second receptor for angiotensin‐(1–7), Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor type D (MrgD), contributes to splanchnic vasodilatation in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic PHT. Splanchnic vascular hemodynamic and portal pressure were determined in two rat models of cirrhotic PHT and a rat model with noncirrhotic PHT, treated with either MrgD blocker D‐Pro7‐Ang‐(1‐7) (D‐Pro) or MasR blocker A779. Gene and protein expression of MrgD and MasR were measured in splanchnic vessels and livers of cirrhotic and healthy rats and in patients with cirrhosis and healthy subjects. Mesenteric resistance vessels isolated from cirrhotic rats were used in myographs to study their vasodilatory properties. MrgD was up‐regulated in cirrhotic splanchnic vessels but not in the liver. In cirrhotic rats, treatment with D‐Pro but not A779 completely restored splanchnic vascular resistance to a healthy level, resulting in a 33% reduction in portal pressure. Mesenteric vessels pretreated with D‐Pro but not with A779 failed to relax in response to acetylcholine. There was no splanchnic vascular MrgD or MasR up‐regulation in noncirrhotic PHT; thus, receptor blockers had no effect on splanchnic hemodynamics. Conclusion: MrgD plays a major role in the development of cirrhotic PHT and is a promising target for the development of novel therapies to treat PHT in cirrhosis. Moreover, neither MrgD nor MasR contributes to noncirrhotic PHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakmie S Gunarathne
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Indu G Rajapaksha
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Casey
- Liver Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Peter W Angus
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chandana B Herath
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Victoria, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Monteiro BL, Santos RAS, Mario EG, Araujo TS, Savergnini SSQ, Santiago AF, Muzzi RAL, Castro IC, Teixeira LG, Botion LM, Marinho BM, Santos SHS, Porto LCJ. Genetic deletion of Mas receptor in FVB/N mice impairs cardiac use of glucose and lipids. Peptides 2022; 151:170764. [PMID: 35151766 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) is a biologically active product of the renin-angiotensin system cascade and exerts inhibitory effects on inflammation, vascular and cellular growth mechanisms signaling through the G protein-coupled Mas receptor. The major purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of glucose and fatty acids by cardiac tissue in Mas knockout mice models. Serum levels of glucose, lipids, and insulin were measured in Mas-deficient and wild-type FVB/N mice. To investigate the cardiac use of lipids, the lipoprotein lipase, the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and acyl-CoA oxidase were evaluated. To investigate the cardiac use of glucose, the insulin signaling through Akt/GLUT4 pathway, glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) glycolytic intermediates, in addition to ATP, lactate and the glycogen content were measured. Despite normal body weight, cholesterol and insulin, Mas-Knockout mice presented hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia, impaired insulin signaling, through reduced phosphorylation of AKT and decreased translocation of GLUT4 in response to insulin, with subsequent decrease of the cardiac G-6-P and F-6-P. Lactate production and glycogen content were not altered in Mas-KO hearts. Mas-KO presented reduced cardiac lipoprotein lipase activity and decreased translocation of CD36 in response to insulin. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I genes were lower in Mas-KO animals compared to wild-type animals. The ATP content of Mas-KO hearts was smaller than in wild-type. The present results suggest that genetic deletion of Mas produced a devastating effect on cardiac use of glucose and lipids, leading to lower energy efficiency in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda L Monteiro
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Erica G Mario
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Thiago S Araujo
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Silvia S Q Savergnini
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Andrezza F Santiago
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ruthnea A L Muzzi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Isabela C Castro
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lilian G Teixeira
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
| | - Leida M Botion
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Barbhara M Marinho
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sergio H S Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Food Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Laura C J Porto
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Nutrition, Av. Norte UFLA - Aquenta Sol, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marins FR, Oliveira AC, Qadri F, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Fontes MAP, Santos RAS. Alamandine but not angiotensin-(1-7) produces cardiovascular effects at the rostral insular cortex. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R513-R521. [PMID: 34346721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00308.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiments aimed to evaluate the tissue distribution of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D (MrgD) revealed the presence of immunoreactivity for the MrgD protein in the rostral insular cortex (rIC), an important area for autonomic and cardiovascular control. To investigate the relevance of this finding, we evaluated the cardiovascular effects produced by the endogenous ligand of MrgD, alamandine, in this brain region. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded in urethane anesthetized rats. Unilateral microinjection of equimolar doses of alamandine (40 pmol/100 nL), angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin II, angiotensin A, and Mas/MrgD antagonist d-Pro7-Ang-1-7 (50 pmol/100 nL), Mas antagonist A779 (100 pmol/100 nL), or vehicle (0.9% NaCl) were made in different rats (n = 4-6/group) into rIC. To verify the specificity of the region, a microinjection of alamandine was also performed into intermediate insular cortex (iIC). Microinjection of alamandine in rIC produced an increase in MAP (Δ = 15 ± 2 mmHg), HR (Δ = 36 ± 4 beats/min), and RSNA (Δ = 31 ± 4%), but was without effects at iIC. Strikingly, an equimolar dose of angiotensin-(1-7) at rIC did not produce any change in MAP, HR, and RSNA. Angiotensin II and angiotensin A produced only minor effects. Alamandine effects were not altered by A-779, a Mas antagonist, but were completely blocked by the Mas/MrgD antagonist d-Pro7-Ang-(1-7). Therefore, we have identified a brain region in which alamandine/MrgD receptor but not angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas could be involved in the modulation of cardiovascular-related neuronal activity. This observation also suggests that alamandine might possess unique effects unrelated to angiotensin-(1-7) in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ribeiro Marins
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline Cristina Oliveira
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Antonio Peliky Fontes
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Hipertensão, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sex-Specific Impacts of Exercise on Cardiovascular Remodeling. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173833. [PMID: 34501285 PMCID: PMC8432130 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in men and women. Biological sex plays a major role in cardiovascular physiology and pathological cardiovascular remodeling. Traditionally, pathological remodeling of cardiovascular system refers to the molecular, cellular, and morphological changes that result from insults, such as myocardial infarction or hypertension. Regular exercise training is known to induce physiological cardiovascular remodeling and beneficial functional adaptation of the cardiovascular apparatus. However, impact of exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation varies between males and females. This review aims to compare and contrast sex-specific manifestations of exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation. Specifically, we review (1) sex disparities in cardiovascular function, (2) influence of biological sex on exercise-induced cardiovascular remodeling and functional adaptation, and (3) sex-specific impacts of various types, intensities, and durations of exercise training on cardiovascular apparatus. The review highlights both animal and human studies in order to give an all-encompassing view of the exercise-induced sex differences in cardiovascular system and addresses the gaps in knowledge in the field.
Collapse
|
8
|
ACE2 in the renin-angiotensin system. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:3063-3078. [PMID: 33264412 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) discovery. This event was a landmark that shaped the way that we see the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) today. ACE2 is an important molecular hub that connects the RAS classical arm, formed mainly by the octapeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor AT1, with the RAS alternative or protective arm, formed mainly by the heptapeptides Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, and their receptors, Mas and MrgD, respectively. In this work we reviewed classical and modern literature to describe how ACE2 is a critical component of the protective arm, particularly in the context of the cardiac function, coagulation homeostasis and immune system. We also review recent literature to present a critical view of the role of ACE2 and RAS in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bardsley EN, Neely OC, Paterson DJ. Angiotensin peptide synthesis and cyclic nucleotide modulation in sympathetic stellate ganglia. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 138:234-243. [PMID: 31836539 PMCID: PMC7049903 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronically elevated angiotensin II is a widely-established contributor to hypertension and heart failure via its action on the kidneys and vasculature. It also augments the activity of peripheral sympathetic nerves through activation of presynaptic angiotensin II receptors, thus contributing to sympathetic over-activity. Although some cells can synthesise angiotensin II locally, it is not known if this machinery is present in neurons closely coupled to the heart. Using a combination of RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrate evidence for a renin-angiotensin synthesis pathway within human and rat sympathetic stellate ganglia, where significant alterations were observed in the spontaneously hypertensive rat stellate ganglia compared with Wistar stellates. We also used Förster Resonance Energy Transfer to demonstrate that administration of angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 peptides significantly elevate cyclic guanosine monophosphate in the rat stellate ganglia. Whether the release of angiotensin peptides from the sympathetic stellate ganglia alters neurotransmission and/or exacerbates cardiac dysfunction in states associated with sympathetic over activity remains to be established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bardsley
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Oxford, UK; Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, UK.
| | - Oliver C Neely
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, UK
| | - David J Paterson
- Wellcome Trust OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, Oxford, UK; Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Medina D, Arnold AC. Angiotensin-(1-7): Translational Avenues in Cardiovascular Control. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:1133-1142. [PMID: 31602467 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and numerous treatment approaches, hypertension and cardiovascular disease remain leading global public health problems. A major contributor to regulation of blood pressure, and the development of hypertension, is the renin-angiotensin system. Of particular concern, uncontrolled activation of angiotensin II contributes to hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk, with antihypertensive therapies currently available to block the formation and deleterious actions of this hormone. More recently, angiotensin-(1-7) has emerged as a biologically active intermediate of the vasodilatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system. This hormone antagonizes angiotensin II actions as well as offers antihypertensive, antihypertrophic, antiatherogenic, antiarrhythmogenic, antifibrotic and antithrombotic properties. Angiotensin-(1-7) elicits beneficial cardiovascular actions through mas G protein-coupled receptors, which are found in numerous tissues pivotal to control of blood pressure including the brain, heart, kidneys, and vasculature. Despite accumulating evidence for favorable effects of angiotensin-(1-7) in animal models, there is a paucity of clinical studies and pharmacokinetic limitations, thus limiting the development of therapeutic agents to better understand cardiovascular actions of this vasodilatory peptide hormone in humans. This review highlights current knowledge on the role of angiotensin-(1-7) in cardiovascular control, with an emphasis on significant animal, human, and therapeutic research efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Medina
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gunarathne LS, Angus PW, Herath CB. Blockade of Mas Receptor or Mas-Related G-Protein Coupled Receptor Type D Reduces Portal Pressure in Cirrhotic but Not in Non-cirrhotic Portal Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1169. [PMID: 31607942 PMCID: PMC6761391 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PHT) resulting from splanchnic vasodilatation is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in splanchnic vasodilatation in cirrhosis. This study investigated whether acute blockade of the vasodilatory receptors of the alternate RAS, Mas (MasR), Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor type D (MrgD), and angiotensin II type-2 receptor (AT2R) improves PHT in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertensive rats and counteracts systemic hypotension associated with angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade. Cirrhotic bile duct ligated (BDL) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injected and non-cirrhotic partial portal vein ligated (PPVL) rats were used for measurement of portal pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure before and after an intravenous bolus injection of the MasR, MrgD, and AT2R blockers, A779, D-Pro7-Ang-(1-7) (D-Pro) and PD123319, respectively. Separate groups of rats received a combined treatment with A779 or D-Pro given 20 min after AT1R blocker losartan. Mesenteric expression of MasR, MrgD, and AT2R and circulating levels of peptide blockers were also measured. Treatment with A779 and D-Pro significantly reduced PP in cirrhotic rat models. Despite rapid degradation of A779 and D-Pro in the rat circulation, the PP lowering effect of the blockers lasted for up to 25 min. We also found that PD123319 reduced PP in CCl4 rats, possibly by blocking the MasR and/or MrgD since AT2R expression in cirrhotic mesenteric vessels was undetectable, whereas the expression of MasR and MrgD was markedly elevated. While losartan resulted in a marked reduction in PP, its profound systemic hypotensive effect was not counteracted by the combination therapy with A779 or D-Pro. In marked contrast, none of the receptor blockers had any effect on PP in non-cirrhotic PPVL rats whose mesenteric expression of MasR and MrgD was unchanged. We conclude that in addition to MasR, MrgD, a newly discovered receptor for Angiotensin-(1-7), plays a key role in splanchnic vasodilatation in cirrhosis. This implies that both MasR and MrgD are potential therapeutic targets to treat PHT in cirrhotic patients. We also conclude that the alternate RAS may not contribute to the development of splanchnic vasodilatation in non-cirrhotic PHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakmie S Gunarathne
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter W Angus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chandana B Herath
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oliveira AC, Melo MB, Motta-Santos D, Peluso AA, Souza-Neto F, da Silva RF, Almeida JFQ, Canta G, Reis AM, Goncalves G, Cerri G, Coutinho D, Guedes de Jesus IC, Guatimosim S, Linhares ND, Alenina N, Bader M, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RAS. Genetic deletion of the alamandine receptor MRGD leads to dilated cardiomyopathy in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H123-H133. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00075.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described a new peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, alamandine, a derivative of angiotensin-(1–7). Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D (MrgD) was identified as its receptor. Although similar cardioprotective effects of alamandine to those of angiotensin-(1–7) have been described, the significance of this peptide in heart function is still elusive. We aimed to evaluate the functional role of the alamandine receptor MrgD in the heart using MrgD-deficient mice. MrgD was localized in cardiomyocytes by immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy. High-resolution echocardiography was performed in wild-type and MrgD-deficient mice (2 and 12 wk old) under isoflurane anesthesia. Standard B-mode images were obtained in the right and left parasternal long and short axes for morphological and functional assessment and evaluation of cardiac deformation. Additional heart function evaluation was performed using Langendorff isolated heart preparations and inotropic measurements of isolated cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence indicated that the MrgD receptor is expressed in cardiomyocytes, mainly in the membrane and perinuclear and nuclear regions. Echocardiography showed left ventricular remodeling and severe dysfunction in MrgD-deficient mice. Strikingly, MrgD-deficient mice presented a pronounced dilated cardiomyopathy with a marked decrease in systolic function. Echocardiographic changes were supported by the data obtained in isolated hearts and inotropic measurements in cardiomyocytes. Our data add new evidence for a major role for alamandine/MrgD in the heart. Furthermore, our results indicate that we have identified a new gene implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy, unveiling a new target for translational approaches aimed to treat heart diseases. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The renin-angiotensin system is a key target for cardiovascular therapy. We have recently identified a new vasodepressor/cardioprotective angiotensin, alamandine. Here, we unmasked a key role for its receptor, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D (MrgD), in heart function. The severe dilated cardiomyopathy observed in MrgD-deficient mice warrants clinical and preclinical studies to unveil its potential use in cardiovascular therapy. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/mrgd-deficiency-leads-to-dilated-cardiomyopathy/ .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Barrouin Melo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A. Augusto Peluso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Souza-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela F. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jonathas F. Q. Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Canta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adelina M. Reis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gleisy Goncalves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Cerri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Coutinho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Itamar Couto Guedes de Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natalia D. Linhares
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson A. Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute in Science and Technology NanoBioFar, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santos RAS. Genetic Models. ANGIOTENSIN-(1-7) 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120897 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetically altered rat and mouse models have been instrumental in the functional analysis of genes in a physiological context. In particular, studies on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have profited from this technology in the past. In this review, we summarize the existing animal models for the protective axis of the RAS consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin-(1-7)(Ang-(1-7), and its receptor Mas. With the help of models with altered expression of the components of this axis in the brain and cardiovascular organs, its physiological and pathophysiological functions have been elucidated. Thus, novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases were revealed targeting ACE2 or Mas.
Collapse
|
14
|
Santos RAS, Sampaio WO, Alzamora AC, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Campagnole-Santos MJ. The ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS Axis of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Focus on Angiotensin-(1-7). Physiol Rev 2018; 98:505-553. [PMID: 29351514 PMCID: PMC7203574 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a key player in the control of the cardiovascular system and hydroelectrolyte balance, with an influence on organs and functions throughout the body. The classical view of this system saw it as a sequence of many enzymatic steps that culminate in the production of a single biologically active metabolite, the octapeptide angiotensin (ANG) II, by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). The past two decades have revealed new functions for some of the intermediate products, beyond their roles as substrates along the classical route. They may be processed in alternative ways by enzymes such as the ACE homolog ACE2. One effect is to establish a second axis through ACE2/ANG-(1-7)/MAS, whose end point is the metabolite ANG-(1-7). ACE2 and other enzymes can form ANG-(1-7) directly or indirectly from either the decapeptide ANG I or from ANG II. In many cases, this second axis appears to counteract or modulate the effects of the classical axis. ANG-(1-7) itself acts on the receptor MAS to influence a range of mechanisms in the heart, kidney, brain, and other tissues. This review highlights the current knowledge about the roles of ANG-(1-7) in physiology and disease, with particular emphasis on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Walkyria Oliveira Sampaio
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Andreia C Alzamora
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Daisy Motta-Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto , Ouro Preto , Brazil ; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin , Germany ; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin , Germany ; Charité - University Medicine, Berlin , Germany ; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin , Germany ; Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kittana N. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-Angiotensin 1-7/1-9 system: novel promising targets for heart failure treatment. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2017; 32:14-25. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naim Kittana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; An-Najah National University; New Campus, Pharmacy Building, 2nd Floor, Akademia Street, PO Box: 7 Nablus West-Bank Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chang RL, Chang CF, Ju DT, Ho TJ, Chang TT, Lin JW, Li JC, Cheng SM, Day CH, Viswanadha VP, Huang CY. Short-term hypoxia upregulated Mas receptor expression to repress the AT 1 R signaling pathway and attenuate Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2742-2749. [PMID: 29052864 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension-stimulated cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis play critical roles in the progression of heart failure. Our previous study suggested that hypertensive angiotensin II (Ang II) enhanced insulin-like growth factor receptor II (IGF-IIR) expression and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which are involved JNK activation, sirtuin1 (SIRT1) degradation, and heat-shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) acetylation. Moreover, previous studies have implied that short-term hypoxia (STH) might exert cardioprotective effects. However, the effects of STH on Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remain unknown. In this study, we found that STH reduced myocardial apoptosis caused by Ang II via upregulation of the Mas receptor (MasR) to inhibit the AT1 R signaling pathway. STH activates MasR to counteract the Ang II pro-apoptotic signaling cascade by inhibiting IGF-IIR expression via downregulation of JNK activation and reduction of SIRT1 degradation. Hence, HSF could remain deacetylated, and repress IGF-IIR expression. These effects decrease the activation of downstream pro-apoptotic and hypertrophic cascades and protect cardiomyocytes from Ang II-induced injury. In addition, we also found that silencing MasR expression enhanced Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the apoptosis signaling pathway. These findings suggest a critical role for MasR in cardiomyocyte survival. Altogether, our findings indicate that STH protects cardiomyocytes from Ang II-stimulated apoptosis. The protective effects of STH are associated with the upregulation of MasR to inhibit AT1 R signaling. STH could be a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac diseases in hypertensive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Lin Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fen Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tong Ju
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Department, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Beigang, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ti Chang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Chun Li
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Min Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mas receptor contributes to pregnancy-induced cardiac remodelling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2305-2316. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have showed that the Ang-(1–7)/receptor Mas axis contributes to cardiac remodelling development induced by pregnancy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Chang RL, Lin JW, Kuo WW, Hsieh DJY, Yeh YL, Shen CY, Day CH, Ho TJ, Viswanadha VP, Huang CY. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuated long-term hypoxia-stimulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting HIF-1α nuclear translocation via Mas receptor regulation. Growth Factors 2016; 34:11-8. [PMID: 27055565 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2016.1155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extreme hypoxia often leads to myocardial apoptosis and causes heart failure. Angiotensin-(1-7)Ang-(1-7) is well known for its cardio-protective effects. However, the effects of Ang-(1-7) on long-term hypoxia (LTH)-induced apoptosis remain unknown. In this study, we found that Ang-(1-7) reduced myocardial apoptosis caused by hypoxia through the Mas receptor. Activation of the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis down-regulated the hypoxia pro-apoptotic signaling cascade by decreasing the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3). Moreover, the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis further inhibited HIF-1α nuclear translocation. On the other hand, Ang-(1-7) activated the IGF1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which mediate cell survival. However, the above effects were abolished by A779 treatment or silencing of Mas expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis protects cardiomyocytes from LTH-stimulated apoptosis. The protective effect of Ang-(1-7) is associated with the inhibition of HIF-1α nuclear translocation and the induction of IGF1R and Akt phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Lin Chang
- a Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
- b College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Jing-Wei Lin
- a Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- c Department of Biological Science and Technology , China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Dennis Jine-Yuan Hsieh
- d School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lan Yeh
- e Department of Pathology , Changhua Christian Hospital , Changhua , Taiwan
- f en-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management , Miaoli , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yao Shen
- g Department of Nursing , Mei Ho University , Pingguang Road , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Cecilia-Hsuan Day
- g Department of Nursing , Mei Ho University , Pingguang Road , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- h Chinese Medicine Department, China Medical University Beigang Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Huang
- a Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan
- j Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan , and
- k Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology , Asia University , Taichung , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Novel players in cardioprotection: Insulin like growth factor-1, angiotensin-(1–7) and angiotensin-(1–9). Pharmacol Res 2015; 101:41-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
20
|
Tirupula KC, Zhang D, Osbourne A, Chatterjee A, Desnoyer R, Willard B, Karnik SS. MAS C-Terminal Tail Interacting Proteins Identified by Mass Spectrometry- Based Proteomic Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140872. [PMID: 26484771 PMCID: PMC4618059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Propagation of signals from G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cells is primarily mediated by protein-protein interactions. MAS is a GPCR that was initially discovered as an oncogene and is now known to play an important role in cardiovascular physiology. Current literature suggests that MAS interacts with common heterotrimeric G-proteins, but MAS interaction with proteins which might mediate G protein-independent or atypical signaling is unknown. In this study we hypothesized that MAS C-terminal tail (Ct) is a major determinant of receptor-scaffold protein interactions mediating MAS signaling. Mass-spectrometry based proteomic analysis was used to comprehensively identify the proteins that interact with MAS Ct comprising the PDZ-binding motif (PDZ-BM). We identified both PDZ and non-PDZ proteins from human embryonic kidney cell line, mouse atrial cardiomyocyte cell line and human heart tissue to interact specifically with MAS Ct. For the first time our study provides a panel of PDZ and other proteins that potentially interact with MAS with high significance. A ‘cardiac-specific finger print’ of MAS interacting PDZ proteins was identified which includes DLG1, MAGI1 and SNTA. Cell based experiments with wild-type and mutant MAS lacking the PDZ-BM validated MAS interaction with PDZ proteins DLG1 and TJP2. Bioinformatics analysis suggested well-known multi-protein scaffold complexes involved in nitric oxide signaling (NOS), cell-cell signaling of neuromuscular junctions, synapses and epithelial cells. Majority of these protein hits were predicted to be part of disease categories comprising cancers and malignant tumors. We propose a ‘MAS-signalosome’ model to stimulate further research in understanding the molecular mechanism of MAS function. Identifying hierarchy of interactions of ‘signalosome’ components with MAS will be a necessary step in future to fully understand the physiological and pathological functions of this enigmatic receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan C. Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Proteomics Laboratory, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Appledene Osbourne
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Arunachal Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Russ Desnoyer
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Laboratory, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sadashiva S. Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Karnik SS, Unal H, Kemp JR, Tirupula KC, Eguchi S, Vanderheyden PML, Thomas WG. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIX. Angiotensin Receptors: Interpreters of Pathophysiological Angiotensinergic Stimuli [corrected]. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:754-819. [PMID: 26315714 PMCID: PMC4630565 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) produced hormone peptides regulate many vital body functions. Dysfunctional signaling by receptors for RAS peptides leads to pathologic states. Nearly half of humanity today would likely benefit from modern drugs targeting these receptors. The receptors for RAS peptides consist of three G-protein-coupled receptors—the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor), the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 receptor), the MAS receptor—and a type II trans-membrane zinc protein—the candidate angiotensin IV receptor (AngIV binding site). The prorenin receptor is a relatively new contender for consideration, but is not included here because the role of prorenin receptor as an independent endocrine mediator is presently unclear. The full spectrum of biologic characteristics of these receptors is still evolving, but there is evidence establishing unique roles of each receptor in cardiovascular, hemodynamic, neurologic, renal, and endothelial functions, as well as in cell proliferation, survival, matrix-cell interaction, and inflammation. Therapeutic agents targeted to these receptors are either in active use in clinical intervention of major common diseases or under evaluation for repurposing in many other disorders. Broad-spectrum influence these receptors produce in complex pathophysiological context in our body highlights their role as precise interpreters of distinctive angiotensinergic peptide cues. This review article summarizes findings published in the last 15 years on the structure, pharmacology, signaling, physiology, and disease states related to angiotensin receptors. We also discuss the challenges the pharmacologist presently faces in formally accepting newer members as established angiotensin receptors and emphasize necessary future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Jacqueline R Kemp
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Kalyan C Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Patrick M L Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute of Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (S.S.K., H.U., J.R.K., K.C.T.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (S.E.); Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (P.M.L.V.); and Department of General Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (W.G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
PPARα Stimulation Modulates Myocardial Ischemia-induced Activation of Renin–Angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 65:430-7. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
23
|
Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis. THE PROTECTIVE ARM OF THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM (RAS) 2015. [PMCID: PMC7150279 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801364-9.00022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to describe the animal models generated by transgenic technology for the functional analysis of the protective axis of the renin–angiotensin system, consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7), and Mas. Transgenic overexpression of the components of this axis in general led to an ameliorated cardiac and vascular damage in disease states and to an improved metabolic profile. Knockout models for ACE2 and Mas, however, show aggravated cardiovascular pathologies and a metabolic syndrome-like state. In particular, the local production of Ang-(1-7) in the vascular wall, in the heart, and in the brain was found to be of high physiological relevance by the use of transgenic animals overexpressing ACE2 or Ang-(1-7) in these tissues.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tirupula KC, Desnoyer R, Speth RC, Karnik SS. Atypical signaling and functional desensitization response of MAS receptor to peptide ligands. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103520. [PMID: 25068582 PMCID: PMC4113456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MAS is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in multiple physiological processes. Several physiological peptide ligands such as angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin fragments and neuropeptide FF (NPFF) are reported to act on MAS. Studies of conventional G protein signaling and receptor desensitization upon stimulation of MAS with the peptide ligands are limited so far. Therefore, we systematically analyzed G protein signals activated by the peptide ligands. MAS-selective non-peptide ligands that were previously shown to activate G proteins were used as controls for comparison on a common cell based assay platform. Activation of MAS by the non-peptide agonist (1) increased intracellular calcium and D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (IP1) levels which are indicative of the activation of classical Gαq-phospholipase C signaling pathways, (2) decreased Gαi mediated cAMP levels and (3) stimulated Gα12-dependent expression of luciferase reporter. In all these assays, MAS exhibited strong constitutive activity that was inhibited by the non-peptide inverse agonist. Further, in the calcium response assay, MAS was resistant to stimulation by a second dose of the non-peptide agonist after the first activation has waned suggesting functional desensitization. In contrast, activation of MAS by the peptide ligand NPFF initiated a rapid rise in intracellular calcium with very weak IP1 accumulation which is unlike classical Gαq-phospholipase C signaling pathway. NPFF only weakly stimulated MAS-mediated activation of Gα12 and Gαi signaling pathways. Furthermore, unlike non-peptide agonist-activated MAS, NPFF-activated MAS could be readily re-stimulated the second time by the agonists. Functional assays with key ligand binding MAS mutants suggest that NPFF and non-peptide ligands bind to overlapping regions. Angiotensin-(1-7) and other angiotensin fragments weakly potentiated an NPFF-like calcium response at non-physiological concentrations (≥100 µM). Overall, our data suggest that peptide ligands induce atypical signaling and functional desensitization of MAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan C. Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Russell Desnoyer
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Speth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sadashiva S. Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mori J, Zhang L, Oudit GY, Lopaschuk GD. Impact of the renin–angiotensin system on cardiac energy metabolism in heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 63:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
26
|
Savergnini SQ, Ianzer D, Carvalho MBL, Ferreira AJ, Silva GAB, Marques FD, Peluso AAB, Beiman M, Cojocaru G, Cohen Y, Almeida AP, Rotman G, Santos RAS. The novel Mas agonist, CGEN-856S, attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling and myocardial infarction injury in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57757. [PMID: 23469229 PMCID: PMC3585977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CGEN-856S is a novel Mas agonist. Herein, we examined the effects of this peptide on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling and myocardial infarction (MI) injury. We also sought to determine whether CGEN-856S activates the underlying mechanisms related to Mas receptor activation. Heart hypertrophy and fibrosis were induced by ISO (2 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) in Wistar rats. After a 7-day treatment period with CGEN-856S (90 µg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or vehicle, the cardiomyocyte diameter was evaluated in left ventricular sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and immunofluorescence labeling and quantitative confocal microscopy were used to quantify the deposition of type I and III collagen and fibronectin in the left ventricles. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation, and CGEN-856S (90 µg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or saline was administered for 14 days. The Langendorff technique was used to evaluate cardiac function, and left ventricular sections were stained with Masson's trichrome dye to quantify the infarct area. Using Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with Mas cDNA, we evaluated whether CGEN-856S alters AKT and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation. CGEN-856S reduced the degree of ISO-induced hypertrophy (13.91±0.17 µm vs. 12.41±0.16 µm in the ISO+CGEN-856S group). In addition, the Mas agonist attenuated the ISO-induced increase in collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin deposition. CGEN-856S markedly attenuated the MI-induced decrease in systolic tension, as well as in +dT/dt and -dT/dt. Furthermore, CGEN-856S administration significantly decreased the infarct area (23.68±2.78% vs. 13.95±4.37% in the MI+CGEN-856S group). These effects likely involved the participation of AKT and NO, as CGEN-856S administration increased the levels of p-AKT and p-eNOS. Thus, our results indicate that CGEN-856S exerts cardioprotective effects on ISO-induced cardiac remodeling and MI-mediated heart failure in rats through a mechanism likely involving the eNOS/AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Q. Savergnini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ianzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana B. L. Carvalho
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson J. Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gerluza A. B. Silva
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fúlvia D. Marques
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto B. Peluso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alvair P. Almeida
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Robson A. S. Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guimarães GG, Santos SHS, Oliveira ML, Pimenta-Velloso EP, Motta DF, Martins AS, Alenina N, Bader M, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Exercise induces renin-angiotensin system unbalance and high collagen expression in the heart of Mas-deficient mice. Peptides 2012; 38:54-61. [PMID: 22921883 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the cardiac and vascular remodeling associated with cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin (Ang) II/AT(1) axis is known to promote cardiac hypertrophy and collagen deposition. In contrast, Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis opposes Ang II effects in the heart producing anti-trophic and anti-fibrotic effects. Exercise training is known to induce cardiac remodeling with physiological hypertrophy without fibrosis. We hypothesize that cardiac remodeling induced by chronic exercise depends on the action of Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis. Thus, we evaluated the effect of exercise training on collagen deposition and RAS components in the heart of FVB/N mice lacking Mas receptor (Mas-KO). Male wild-type and Mas-KO mice were subjected to a moderate-intense swimming exercise training for 6 weeks. The left ventricle (LV) of the animals was sectioned and submitted to qRT-PCR and histological analysis. Circulating and tissue angiotensin peptides were measured by RIA. Sedentary Mas-KO presented a higher circulating Ang II/Ang-(1-7) ratio and an increased ACE2 expression in the LV. Physical training induced in Mas-KO and WT a similar cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by a pronounced increase in collagen I and III mRNA expression. Trained Mas-KO and trained WT presented increased Ang-(1-7) in the blood. However, only in trained-WT there was an increase in Ang-(1-7) in the LV. In summary, we showed that deletion of Mas in FVB/N mice produced an unbalance in RAS equilibrium increasing Ang II/AT(1) arm and inducing deleterious cardiac effects as deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. These data indicate that Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is an important counter-regulatory mechanism in physical training mediate cardiac adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine G Guimarães
- INCT NanoBioFar, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shah A, Oh YB, Lee SH, Lim JM, Kim SH. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates hypertension in exercise-trained renal hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H2372-80. [PMID: 22467306 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00846.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) [ANG-(1-7)] plays a counterregulatory role to angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin system. In trained spontaneous hypertensive rats, Mas expression and protein are upregulated in ventricular tissue. Therefore, we examined the role of ANG-(1-7) on cardiac hemodynamics, cardiac functions, and cardiac remodeling in trained two-kidney one-clip hypertensive (2K1C) rats. For this purpose, rats were divided into sedentary and trained groups. Each group consists of sham and 2K1C rats with and without ANG-(1-7) infusion. Swimming training was performed for 1 h/day, 5 days/wk for 4 wk following 1 wk of swimming training for acclimatization. 2K1C rats showed moderate hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy without changing left ventricular function. Chronic infusion of ANG-(1-7) attenuated hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy only in trained 2K1C rats but not in sedentary 2K1C rats. Chronic ANG-(1-7) treatment significantly attenuated increases in myocyte diameter and cardiac fibrosis induced by hypertension in only trained 2K1C rats. The Mas receptor, ANG II type 2 receptor protein, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in ventricles were upregulated in trained 2K1C rats. In conclusion, chronic infusion of ANG-(1-7) attenuates hypertension in trained 2K1C rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Shah
- Department of Physiology, Research Center for Endocrine Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical University, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ramos GC, Dalbó S, Leite DP, Goldfeder E, Carvalho CR, Vaz NM, Assreuy J. The autoimmune nature of post-infarct myocardial healing: oral tolerance to cardiac antigens as a novel strategy to improve cardiac healing. Autoimmunity 2012; 45:233-44. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2011.647134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
30
|
New cardiovascular and pulmonary therapeutic strategies based on the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/mas receptor axis. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:147825. [PMID: 22319643 PMCID: PMC3272817 DOI: 10.1155/2012/147825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7) is now recognized as a biologically active component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The discovery of the angiotensin-converting enzyme homologue ACE2 revealed important metabolic pathways involved in the Ang-(1–7) synthesis. This enzyme can form Ang-(1–7) from Ang II or less efficiently through hydrolysis of Ang I to Ang-(1–9) with subsequent Ang-(1–7) formation. Additionally, it is well established that the G protein-coupled receptor Mas is a functional ligand site for Ang-(1–7). The axis formed by ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas represents an endogenous counter regulatory pathway within the RAS whose actions are opposite to the vasoconstrictor/proliferative arm of the RAS constituted by ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor. In this review we will discuss recent findings concerning the biological role of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/Mas arm in the cardiovascular and pulmonary system. Also, we will highlight the initiatives to develop potential therapeutic strategies based on this axis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang T, Li Z, Dang H, Chen R, Liaw C, Tran TA, Boatman PD, Connolly DT, Adams JW. Inhibition of Mas G-protein signaling improves coronary blood flow, reduces myocardial infarct size, and provides long-term cardioprotection. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H299-311. [PMID: 22003054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00723.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Mas receptor is a class I G-protein-coupled receptor that is expressed in brain, testis, heart, and kidney. The intracellular signaling pathways activated downstream of Mas are still largely unknown. In the present study, we examined the expression pattern and signaling of Mas in the heart and assessed the participation of Mas in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mas mRNA and protein were present in all chambers of human hearts, with cardiomyocytes and coronary arteries being sites of enriched expression. Expression of Mas in either HEK293 cells or cardiac myocytes resulted in constitutive coupling to the G(q) protein, which in turn activated phospholipase C and caused inositol phosphate accumulation. To generate chemical tools for use in probing the function of Mas, we performed a library screen and chemistry optimization program to identify potent and selective nonpeptide agonists and inverse agonists. Mas agonists activated G(q) signaling in a dose-dependent manner and reduced coronary blood flow in isolated mouse and rat hearts. Conversely, treatment of isolated rat hearts with Mas inverse agonists improved coronary flow, reduced arrhythmias, and provided cardioprotection from ischemia-reperfusion injury, an effect that was due, at least in part, to decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Participation of Mas in ischemia-reperfusion injury was confirmed in Mas knockout mice, which had reduced infarct size relative to mice with normal Mas expression. These results suggest that activation of Mas during myocardial infarction contributes to ischemia-reperfusion injury and further suggest that inhibition of Mas-G(q) signaling may provide a new therapeutic strategy directed at cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Arena Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Singh K, Singh T, Sharma PL. Beneficial effects of angiotensin (1-7) in diabetic rats with cardiomyopathy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 5:159-67. [PMID: 21558085 DOI: 10.1177/1753944711409281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effect of angiotensin (1-7), a Mas receptor agonist, and A-779, a Mas receptor antagonist, in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). METHODS Rats treated with a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), developed DC after 8 weeks. The extent of DC was assessed by measuring the left ventricular weight/body weight (LVW/BW) ratio, absolute LVW, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), maximum change in left ventricular pressure over time (dp/dtmax), minimum change in left ventricular pressure over time (dp/dtmin), left ventricular (LV) protein content, LV collagen content, lipid profile, and serum nitrite/nitrate concentration. Test drug treatment was given from week 4 to week 8. RESULTS Angiotensin (1-7) treatment attenuated DC by significantly increasing LVDP, dp/dtmax, dp/dtmin, serum nitrite/nitrate concentration and significantly decreasing the LVW/BW ratio and LV collagen content. For the first time, this study has documented that endogenous angiotensin (1-7) regulates lipid profile in rats, and that treatment with angiotensin (1-7) significantly attenuates diabetes-induced changes in lipid profile. However, LV protein content and absolute LVW remain unaffected after treatment. CONCLUSION Angiotensin (1-7) significantly attenuates DC in rats because of vasodilatory, antiproliferative and anifibrotic properties but also because of a significant decrease in dyslipidemia, the major culprit for cardiac dysfunctions in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kulwinder Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dias-Lopes C, Felicori L, Guimarães G, Gomes ERM, Roman-Campos D, Duarte H, Damasceno D, Martins M, Kalapothakis E, Almeida AP, Granier C, Cruz JS, Guatimosim S, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Cardiotoxic effects of Loxosceles intermedia spider venom and the recombinant venom toxin rLiD1. Toxicon 2010; 56:1426-35. [PMID: 20826175 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Loxosceles spider bites cause many human injuries worldwide. Injections in mice of whole Loxosceles (L.) intermedia venom or a recombinant toxin (rLiD1) produce systemic symptoms similar to those detected in envenomed humans. This animal model was used to characterize the effects of Loxosceles intermedia venom in cardiac tissues. L. intermedia antigens were detected by ELISA in kidney, heart, lung and liver of experimentally envenomed mice. In addition, rLiD1 binding to cardiomyocytes was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, isolated perfused heart preparations and ventricular cardiomyocytes from envenomed mice showed heart function impairment, and a significant increase of I(Ca,L) density and intracellular Ca(2+) transients, respectively. Thus, L. intermedia spider venom, as shown through the use of the recombinant toxin rLiD1, causes cardiotoxic effects and a protein from the sphingomyelinase D family plays a key role in heart dysfunction. Thus, L. intermedia spider venom and the Loxtox rLiD1 play a key role in heart dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Dias-Lopes
- Biochemistry Departament, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CP: 486, CEP: 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Castrop H, Höcherl K, Kurtz A, Schweda F, Todorov V, Wagner C. Physiology of Kidney Renin. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:607-73. [PMID: 20393195 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The protease renin is the key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade, which is relevant under both physiological and pathophysiological settings. The kidney is the only organ capable of releasing enzymatically active renin. Although the characteristic juxtaglomerular position is the best known site of renin generation, renin-producing cells in the kidney can vary in number and localization. (Pro)renin gene transcription in these cells is controlled by a number of transcription factors, among which CREB is the best characterized. Pro-renin is stored in vesicles, activated to renin, and then released upon demand. The release of renin is under the control of the cAMP (stimulatory) and Ca2+(inhibitory) signaling pathways. Meanwhile, a great number of intrarenally generated or systemically acting factors have been identified that control the renin secretion directly at the level of renin-producing cells, by activating either of the signaling pathways mentioned above. The broad spectrum of biological actions of (pro)renin is mediated by receptors for (pro)renin, angiotensin II and angiotensin-( 1 – 7 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Höcherl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Kurtz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Todorov
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Santiago NM, Guimarães PS, Sirvente RA, Oliveira LAM, Irigoyen MC, Santos RAS, Campagnole-Santos MJ. Lifetime overproduction of circulating Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Hypertension 2010; 55:889-96. [PMID: 20212262 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.149815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the development of arterial hypertension, cardiac function, and collagen deposition, as well as the level of components of the renin-angiotensin system in the heart of transgenic rats that overexpress an angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7)-producing fusion protein, TGR(A1-7)3292 (TG), which induces a lifetime increase in circulating levels of this peptide. After 30 days of the induction of the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension model, DOCA-TG rats were hypertensive but presented a lower systolic arterial pressure in comparison with DOCA-Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In contrast to DOCA-SD rats that presented left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, DOCA-TG rats did not develop cardiac hypertrophy or changes in ventricular function. In addition, DOCA-TG rats showed attenuation in mRNA expression for collagen type I and III compared with the increased levels of DOCA-SD rats. Ang II plasma and LV levels were reduced in SD and TG hypertensive rats in comparison with normotensive animals. DOCA-TG rats presented a reduction in plasma Ang-(1-7) levels; however, there was a great increase in Ang-(1-7) ( approximately 3-fold) accompanied by a decrease in mRNA expression of both angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the LV. The mRNA expression of Mas and Ang II type 1 receptors in the LV was not significantly changed in DOCA-SD or DOCA-TG rats. This study showed that TG rats with increased circulating levels of Ang-(1-7) are protected against cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis and also present an attenuated increase in blood pressure after DOCA-salt hypertension. In addition, DOCA-TG rats showed an important local increase in Ang-(1-7) levels in the LV, which might have contributed to the attenuation of cardiac dysfunction and prefibrotic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nívia M Santiago
- Laboratory of Hypertension and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Nanobiofar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antonio Carlos, 6627-ICB, UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Devil and angel in the renin-angiotensin system: ACE-angiotensin II-AT1 receptor axis vs. ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. Hypertens Res 2009; 32:533-6. [PMID: 19461648 PMCID: PMC7091931 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2009.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have established a new regulatory axis in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). In this axis, angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7) is finally produced from Ang I or Ang II by the catalytic activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Ang-(1–7) shows actions different from those of AT1 receptor stimulation, such as vasodilatation, natriuresis, anti-proliferation and an increase in the bradykinin–NO (nitric oxide) system. As the catalytic efficiency of ACE2 is approximately 400-fold higher with Ang II as a substrate than with Ang I, this axis is possibly acting as a counter-regulatory system against the ACE/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis. The signaling pathway of the ACE2–Ang-(1–7) axis has not yet been totally and clearly understood. However, a recent report suggests that the Mas oncogene acts as a receptor for Ang-(1–7). Intracellular signaling through Mas is not clear yet. Several factors such as Akt phosphorylation, protein kinase C activation and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibition seem to be involved in this signaling pathway. Further investigations are needed to clarify the regulation and mechanism of action of ACE2 and Ang-(1–7). However, this second axis through ACE2 and Ang-(1–7) in RAS can be an important target for the therapy of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
37
|
Reduced isoproterenol-induced renin-angiotensin changes and extracellular matrix deposition in hearts of TGR(A1-7)3292 rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2:341-8. [PMID: 20409916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol in TGR(A1-7)3292 rats. Additionally, changes in circulating and tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) were analyzed. Left ventricles (LV) were used for quantification of collagen type I, III, and fibronectin using immunofluorescence-labeling techniques. Angiotensin (Ang) II levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Expression of RAS components was assessed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or real-time PCR. Isoproterenol treatment induced an increase in the expression of collagen I, III, and fibronectin in normal rats. Collagen I and fibronectin expression were decreased in TGR(A1-7)3292 at basal conditions and both proteins increased by isoproterenol treatment; however, the levels achieved were still significantly lower than those observed in treated normal rats. The increase in collagen III observed in normal rats was completely blunted in TGR(A1-7)3292. Moreover, TGR(A1-7)3292 presented lower Ang II levels and angiotensinogen expression and a higher angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in LV. Isoproterenol treatment increased cardiac Ang II concentration only in normal rats, which was associated with an increase in ACE2 and a decrease in Mas expression. These observations suggest that Ang-(1-7) specifically modulates the expression of RAS components and ECM proteins in LV.
Collapse
|
38
|
Iusuf D, Henning RH, van Gilst WH, Roks AJ. Angiotensin-(1–7): Pharmacological properties and pharmacotherapeutic perspectives. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:303-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Varagic J, Trask AJ, Jessup JA, Chappell MC, Ferrario CM. New angiotensins. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:663-71. [PMID: 18437333 PMCID: PMC2713173 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of a large body of evidence during the past two decades testifies to the complexity of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). The incorporation of novel enzymatic pathways, resulting peptides, and their corresponding receptors into the biochemical cascade of the RAS provides a better understanding of its role in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function. Hence, in recent years, it became apparent that the balance between the two opposing effector peptides, angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7), may have a pivotal role in determining different cardiovascular pathophysiologies. Furthermore, our recent studies provide evidence for the functional relevance of a newly discovered rat peptide, containing two additional amino acid residues compared to angiotensin I, first defined as proangiotensin-12 [angiotensin-(1-12)]. This review focuses on angiotensin-(1-7) and its important contribution to cardiovascular function and growth, while introducing angiotensin-(1-12) as a potential novel angiotensin precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Varagic
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Alenina N, Xu P, Rentzsch B, Patkin EL, Bader M. Genetically altered animal models for Mas and angiotensin-(1-7). Exp Physiol 2007; 93:528-37. [PMID: 18156169 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2007.040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mas is the receptor for angiotensin-(1-7) and is involved in cardiovascular and neuronal regulation, in which the heptapeptide also plays a major role. Mas-deficient mice have been generated by us, and their characterization has shown that Mas has important functions in behaviour and cardiovascular regulation. These mice exhibit increased anxiety but, despite an enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, do not perform better in learning experiments. When Mas-deficient mice are backcrossed to the FVB/N genetic background, a cardiovascular phenotype is uncovered, in that the backcrossed animals become hypertensive. Concordant with our detection by fluorescent in situ hybridization of Mas mRNA in mouse endothelium, this phenotype is caused by endothelial dysfunction based on a dysbalance between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in the vessel wall. In agreement with these data, transgenic spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats overexpressing ACE2 in the vessel wall exhibit reduced blood pressure as a result of improved endothelial function. Moreover, angiotensin-(1-7) overexpression in transgenic rats has cardioprotective and haemodynamic effects. In conclusion, the angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis has important functional implications for vascular regulation and blood pressure control, particularly in pathophysiological situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, D-13092 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Trask AJ, Ferrario CM. Angiotensin-(1-7): pharmacology and new perspectives in cardiovascular treatments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 25:162-74. [PMID: 17614938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2007.00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many advances have been made in the cardiovascular field in the last several decades. Among them is the progress completed to date on the heptapeptide member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]. The peptide's beneficial actions against pathophysiological processes, such as cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, renal disease, preeclampsia, and even cancer are continuously being uncovered. This review encompasses the pharmacology of Ang-(1-7) and expounds upon the peptide's potential as a therapeutic agent against pathological processes both within and outside the cardiovascular continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Trask
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University Health Science Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lauton-Santos S, Guatimosim S, Castro CH, Oliveira FA, Almeida AP, Dias-Peixoto MF, Gomes MA, Pessoa P, Pesquero JL, Pesquero JB, Bader M, Cruz JS. Kinin B1 receptor participates in the control of cardiac function in mice. Life Sci 2007; 81:814-22. [PMID: 17714737 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Revised: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The kinins have an important role in control of the cardiovascular system. They have been associated with protective effects in the heart tissue. Kinins act through stimulation of two 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, denoted B(1) and B(2) receptors. However, the physiological relevance of B(1) receptor in the heart has not been clearly established. Using B(1) kinin receptor gene knock-out mice we tested the hypothesis that the B(1) receptor plays an important role in the control of baseline cardiac function. We examined the functional aspects of the intact heart and also in the isolated cardiomyocytes to study intracellular Ca(2+) cycling by using confocal microscopy and whole-cell voltage clamp techniques. We measured heart rate, diastolic and systolic tension, contraction and relaxation rates and, coronary perfusion pressure. Whole-cell voltage clamp was performed to measure L-type Ca(2+) current (I(Ca,L)). The hearts from B(1)(-/-) mice showed smaller systolic tension. The average values for WT and B(1)(-/-) mice were 2.6+/-0.04 g vs. 1.6+/-0.08 g, respectively. This result can be explained, at least in part, by the decrease in the Ca(2+) transient (3.1+/-0.06 vs. 3.4+/-0.09 for B(1)(-/-) and WT, respectively). There was an increase in I(Ca,L) at depolarized membrane potentials. Interestingly, the inactivation kinetics of I(Ca,L) was statistically different between the groups. The coronary perfusion pressure was higher in the hearts from B(1)(-/-) mice indicating an increase in coronary resistance. This result can be explained by the significant reduction of eNOS (NOS-3) expression in the aorta of B(1)(-/-) mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that B(1) receptor exerts a fundamental role in the mammalian cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lauton-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ferreira AJ, Oliveira TL, Castro MCM, Almeida AP, Castro CH, Caliari MV, Gava E, Kitten GT, Santos RAS. Isoproterenol-induced impairment of heart function and remodeling are attenuated by the nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) analogue AVE 0991. Life Sci 2007; 81:916-23. [PMID: 17825326 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of AVE 0991 (AVE), a nonpeptide compound that mimics Ang-(1-7) actions, on cardiac remodeling. Heart hypertrophy and heart dysfunction were induced by isoproterenol (ISO) (2 mg/kg i.p./day for 7 days) in male Wistar rats. At the end of the 7-day period, the hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff method to evaluate cardiac function. The hearts, atria, and right and left ventricles wet weights were recorded, normalized for body weight and then expressed as muscle mass index (mg/g). In addition, serial sections from left ventricle were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for cell morphometry and with collagen-specific Masson's trichrome for detection of fibrosis. Immunofluorescence-labeling and confocal microscopy were used to investigate the distribution and deposition of collagen types I, III, VI, and fibronectin. AVE reduced the ISO-induced hypertrophy as quantified by myocyte diameter measurements (Control: 10.60+/-0.08 microm; ISO: 14.60+/-0.11 mum; ISO+AVE: 11.22+/-0.08 microm, n = 5). In addition, AVE markedly attenuated the increase of extracellular matrix proteins induced by ISO. AVE treatment also attenuated the decrease in systolic tension and +/-dT/dt and exacerbated the vasodilatation induced by ISO. These results show that AVE has a cardioprotective effect on ISO-induced cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson J Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute -- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31.270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review we will focus on the recent findings related to angiotensin-(1-7) as an angiotensin II counter-regulatory peptide within the renin-angiotensin system. RECENT FINDINGS The identification of the angiotensin-converting enzyme homologue ACE2 as an angiotensin peptide processing enzyme and of Mas as a receptor for angiotensin-(1-7) has contributed to establishing this heptapeptide as a biologically active member of the renin-angiotensin system cascade. SUMMARY The previously unsuspected complexity of the renin-angiotensin system, unmasked by novel findings, has revealed new possibilities for exploring its physiological and pathophysiological roles. In addition, the ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis may be seriously considered as a putative target for the development of new cardiovascular drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|