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Galaj E, Bi GH, Xi ZX. β-caryophyllene inhibits heroin self-administration, but does not alter opioid-induced antinociception in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 252:109947. [PMID: 38631564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that β-caryophyllene (BCP), a constituent present in a large number of plants, possesses significant therapeutic properties against CNS disorders, including alcohol and psychostimulant use disorders. However, it is unknown whether BCP has similar therapeutic potential for opioid use disorders. In this study, we found that systemic administration of BCP dose-dependently reduced heroin self-administration in rats under an FR2 schedule of reinforcement and partially blocked heroin-enhanced brain stimulation reward in DAT-cre mice, maintained by optical stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons at high frequencies. Acute administration of BCP failed to block heroin conditioned place preference (CPP) in male mice, but attenuated heroin-induced CPP in females. Furthermore, repeated dosing with BCP for 5 days facilitated the extinction of CPP in female but not male mice. In the hot plate assay, pretreatment with the same doses of BCP failed to enhance or prolong opioid antinociception. Lastly, in a substitution test, BCP replacement for heroin failed to maintain intravenous BCP self-administration, suggesting that BCP itself has no reinforcing properties. These findings suggest that BCP may have certain therapeutic effects against opioid use disorders with fewer unwanted side-effects by itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA.
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Rivera Rodríguez R, Johnson JJ. Terpenes: Modulating anti-inflammatory signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108456. [PMID: 37247693 PMCID: PMC10527092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. Considered a western disease, IBD incidence in newly developed countries is skyrocketing. Accordingly, global prevalence is steadily increasing. There are two major IBD phenotypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). UC manifests as uninterrupted inflammation localized in the colon and rectum. Meanwhile, CD presents as interrupted inflammation that can occur throughout the digestive tract. As a result, therapeutics have focused on anti-inflammatory approaches for its treatment. Unfortunately, only 50% of patients benefit from current Food and Drug Administration approved treatments, and all are associated with serious adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for safer and novel therapeutics to increase the efficacy in this population. One aspect that is critical in understanding IBD is how food and phytochemicals therein may be associated with modifying the pathogenesis of IBD. A variety of retrospective and prospective studies, and clinical trials have shown benefits of plant-rich diets on the prevention and symptomatic improvement of IBD. The Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes, and herbs; and characterized by the abundance of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. An understudied phytochemical class enriched in this diet is terpenes; isoprene-based molecules are widely available in Mediterranean herbs and citrus fruits. Various terpenes have been evaluated in different IBD models. However, some present contradictory or inconclusive results. Therefore, in this review we evaluated preclinical studies of terpenes modulating basic inflammatory signaling related to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rivera Rodríguez
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, United States of America
| | - Jeremy James Johnson
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, United States of America.
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3
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Boujbiha MA, Chahdoura H, Adouni K, Ziani BEC, Snoussi M, Chakroun Y, Ciudad-Mulero M, Fernández-Ruiz V, Achour L, Selmi B, Morales P, Flamini G, Mosbah H. Wild Vitex agnus-castus L.: Phytochemical Characterization, Acute Toxicity, and Bioactive Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:5096. [PMID: 37446759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) is a Mediterranean plant that is rich in bioactive metabolites. This study aimed to validate, for the first time, the beneficial use of VAC fruits and fruit decoctions (VFDs) through in vitro and in vivo trials. Forty-one volatile components were detected in VAC fruits, with 1,8-cineole (30.3%) comprising the majority. The antioxidant activity of VFD was measured by using different in vitro methods (EC50 of 0.16 mg/mL by β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay) and by measuring the DNA protection power. Using the disc diffusion assay, the antimicrobial activity of VFD was evaluated, and it exhibited a noticeable anticandidal activity. VFD did not cause any toxicity or mortality in rats treated with doses > 200 mg/kg. Using the acetic acid writhing test, the antinociceptive activity of VFD was measured. Our results showed that VFD at 200 mg/kg exhibited a higher analgesic activity (81.68%) than acetylsalicylic acid used as a positive control (74.35%). Its gastroprotective ability was assessed by HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions, which were remarkably inhibited (84.62%) by intraperitoneal administration of VFD. This work helps to validate the popular use of VAC to treat nociceptive, inflammatory, and gastric disorders and encourages researchers to further investigate the identification of pharmacological compounds from this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ali Boujbiha
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Hassiba Chahdoura
- Unité de Recherche "Génomique, Biotechnologie et Stratégies Antivirales", Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, BP74, Avenue Tahar Hadded, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Adouni
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | | | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, Ha'il P.O. Box 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorisation of Bioresources, High Institute of Biotechnology-University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Yasmine Chakroun
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - María Ciudad-Mulero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Fernández-Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Boulbaba Selmi
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Patricia Morales
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramon y Cajal, s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Habib Mosbah
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Exploiting, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded BP 74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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4
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Alves-Silva JM, Maccioni D, Cocco E, Gonçalves MJ, Porcedda S, Piras A, Cruz MT, Salgueiro L, Maxia A. Advances in the Phytochemical Characterisation and Bioactivities of Salvia aurea L. Essential Oil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1247. [PMID: 36986933 PMCID: PMC10056036 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Salvia L. genus (Lamiaceae) is largely used in the pharmaceutical and food industry. Several species of biological relevance are extensively employed in traditional medicine, including Salvia aurea L. (syn. S. africana-lutea L.), which is used as a traditional skin disinfectant and in wounds as a healing remedy; nevertheless, these properties have not been validated yet. The aim of the present study is to characterise S. aurea essential oil (EO), unveiling its chemical composition and validating its biological properties. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and subsequently analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Different biological activities were assessed: the antifungal effect on dermatophytes and yeasts and the anti-inflammatory potential by evaluating nitric oxide (NO) production and COX-2 and iNOS protein levels. Wound-healing properties were assessed using the scratch-healing test, and the anti-aging capacity was estimated through the senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. S. aurea EO is mainly characterised by 1,8-cineole (16.7%), β-pinene (11.9%), cis-thujone (10.5%), camphor (9.5%), and (E)-caryophyllene (9.3%). The results showed an effective inhibition of the growth of dermatophytes. Furthermore, it significantly reduced protein levels of iNOS/COX-2 and simultaneously NO release. Additionally, the EO exhibited anti-senescence potential and enhanced wound healing. Overall, this study highlights the remarkable pharmacological properties of Salvia aurea EO, which should be further explored in order to develop innovative, sustainable, and environmentally friendly skin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Miguel Alves-Silva
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Delia Maccioni
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emma Cocco
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria José Gonçalves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrea Maxia
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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Zandkarimi F, Decatur J, Casali J, Gordon T, Skibola C, Nuckolls C. Comparison of the Cannabinoid and Terpene Profiles in Commercial Cannabis from Natural and Artificial Cultivation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020833. [PMID: 36677891 PMCID: PMC9861703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in cultivating cannabis for medical and recreational purposes is increasing due to a dramatic shift in cannabis legislation worldwide. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the composition of secondary metabolites, cannabinoids, and terpenes grown in different environmental conditions is of primary importance for the medical and recreational use of cannabis. We compared the terpene and cannabinoid profiles using gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for commercial cannabis from genetically identical plants grown indoors using artificial light and artificially grown media or outdoors grown in living soil and natural sunlight. By analyzing the cannabinoids, we found significant variations in the metabolomic profile of cannabis for the different environments. Overall, for both cultivars, there were significantly greater oxidized and degraded cannabinoids in the indoor-grown samples. Moreover, the outdoor-grown samples had significantly more unusual cannabinoids, such as C4- and C6-THCA. There were also significant differences in the terpene profiles between indoor- and outdoor-grown cannabis. The outdoor samples had a greater preponderance of sesquiterpenes including β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, α-bergamotene, α-guaiene, and germacrene B relative to the indoor samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Decatur
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - John Casali
- Huckleberry Hill Farms, 9415 Briceland Rd, Garberville, CA 95542, USA
| | - Tina Gordon
- Moonmade Farms, P.O. Box 5, Garberville, CA 95542, USA
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Correspondence:
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β-Caryophyllene Acts as a Ferroptosis Inhibitor to Ameliorate Experimental Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416055. [PMID: 36555694 PMCID: PMC9784863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is one of the main pathological features of ulcerative colitis (UC) and ferroptosis is a type of nonapoptotic cell death, connecting oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether ferroptosis occurs in the colon macrophages of UC mice and whether targeting macrophage ferroptosis is an effective approach for UC treatment remain unclear. The present study revealed that macrophage lipid peroxidation was observed in the colon of UC mice. Subsequently, we screened several main components of essential oil from Artemisia argyi and found that β-caryophyllene (BCP) had a good inhibitory effect on macrophage lipid peroxidation. Additionally, ferroptotic macrophages were found to increase the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), while BCP can reverse the effects of inflammation activated by ferroptosis. Further molecular mechanism studies revealed that BCP activated the type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) to inhibit macrophage ferroptosis and its induced inflammatory response both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, BCP potentially ameliorated experimental colitis inflammation by inhibiting macrophage ferroptosis. These results revealed that macrophage ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for UC and identified a novel mechanism of BCP in ameliorating experimental colitis.
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7
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β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/EGR1/TSLP Signaling Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314861. [PMID: 36499191 PMCID: PMC9740728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases accompanied by severe itching. β-caryophyllene (BCP), which displays anti-inflammatory activity, is a natural agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2. However, the therapeutic effects of BCP on atopic dermatitis (AD) remain poorly understood. The current study aimed to evaluate the topical therapeutic efficacy of BCP in an AD-like mouse model. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a keratinocyte-derived cytokine that drives AD pathogenesis. This study also investigated the effect of BCP on the interleukin 4 (IL-4)-induced expression of TSLP in HaCaT keratinocytes. We found that the topical application of BCP alleviated AD-like skin inflammation and inhibited the infiltration of proinflammatory cells into skin lesions. Moreover, the topical application of BCP reduced EGR1 (Early Growth Response 1) and TSLP expression in AD-like skin lesions. We also found that BCP inhibited IL-4-induced TSLP expression by downregulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated EGR1 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. These findings demonstrate that BCP ameliorates DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions through the downregulation of the MAPK/EGR1/TSLP signaling axis. BCP may be applicable for developing topical therapeutic agents for chronic skin inflammatory diseases, such as AD.
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β-caryophyllene and docosahexaenoic acid, isolated or associated, have potential antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19199. [PMID: 36357780 PMCID: PMC9649594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex biological response involving the immune, autonomic, vascular, and somatosensory systems that occurs through the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and pain induction by the activation of nociceptors. Staphylococcus aureus, the main cause of bacteremia, is one of the most common and potent causes of inflammation in public health, with worse clinical outcomes in hospitals. Antioxidant substances have been evaluated as alternative therapeutic analgesics, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, antitumor agents, and bactericides. Among these, we highlight the essential oils of aromatic plants, such as β-caryophyllene (BCP), and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activities of BCP-DHA association in in vitro and in vivo experimental models of antinociception and inflammation. To determine the anti-inflammatory effects, monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of adult male volunteers were infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus and incubated with treatment for cytokine dosage and gene expression analysis. Antinociceptive effects were observed in the three models when comparing the control (saline) and the BCP-DHA treatment groups. For this purpose, the antinociceptive effects were evaluated in animal models using the following tests: acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, paw edema induced by formalin intraplantar injection, and von Frey hypernociception. There was a significant reduction in the GM-CSF, TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 levels and an increase in IL-10 levels in the BCP-DHA treatment groups, in addition to negative regulation of the expression of the genes involved in the intracellular inflammatory signaling cascade (IL-2, IL-6, IRF7, NLRP3, and TYK2) in all groups receiving treatment, regardless of the presence of infection. Statistically significant results (p < 0.05) were obtained in the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test, evaluation of paw edema, evaluation of paw flinching and licking in the formalin intraplantar injection model, and the von Frey hypernociception test. Therefore, BCP and DHA, either administered individually or combined, demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
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Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR. A mechanistic review on immunomodulatory effects of selective type two cannabinoid receptor β-caryophyllene. Biofactors 2022; 48:857-882. [PMID: 35648433 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a plant-derived compound and occurs naturally in various foods and spices, including cinnamon, citrus, fruits, clove, curry, and pepper. BCP showed different pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This article tried to gather updated knowledge of the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of BCP and searched using various databases and appropriate keywords until April 2022. Several studies showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of BCP are mainly provided through cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2 ) receptor activation and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ pathway. It has also been demonstrated that BCP suppresses both protein and mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and reduces relevant proinflammatory cytokines but increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13. Previous results indicated that the antioxidant effects of β-caryophyllene were suggested through different pathways, including activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/antioxidant axis and inhibition of the HMG-CoA reductase activity, and oxidative stress biomarkers levels. Furthermore, various results showed immunomodulatory effects of BCP through inhibiting microglial cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, modulated Th1 /Treg immune balance through the activation of the CB2 receptor, and reducing mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) and NF-kB activation and increased ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Sudeep HV, Venkatakrishna K, Raj A, Reethi B, Shyamprasad K. Viphyllin™, a standardized extract from black pepper seeds, mitigates intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and anxiety-like behavior in DSS-induced colitis mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14306. [PMID: 35766031 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are the common health concern in populations across the world. Clinical evidence suggests that IBD, characterized by intestinal inflammation, is associated with neuronal manifestations to a greater extent. In this study, we have investigated the protective effects of Viphyllin™, a standardized black pepper (Piper nigrum) seed extract containing 30% β-caryophyllene against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Oral pretreatment of Viphyllin at the 50 mg and 100 mg/kg doses significantly reversed the clinical symptoms of colitis in mice. Viphyllin markedly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improved barrier function in colon tissue. Viphyllin further mitigated the DSS-induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. Interestingly, Viphyllin improved brain antioxidant status and promoted neuronal cell survival in colitis model mice. In conclusion, our findings strongly support the health claims of Viphyllin as a functional ingredient to deal with IBD and related neuronal symptoms. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases is not uncommon in the modern lifestyle. Gut health is associated with neurological disorders that contribute substantially to the deterioration of quality of life and socioeconomic development. In this research work, the protective action of a black pepper seed extract standardized to 30% β-caryophyllene (Viphyllin) is evaluated against Dextran sodium sulfate-induced experimental colitis model. Here we have demonstrated the beneficial role of Viphyllin in mitigating intestinal inflammation as a function of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Further, the extract improves intestinal barrier function. In an important aspect of the study, we have provided the data on the effect of Viphyllin on neurological symptoms and brain health in colitis model mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amritha Raj
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Budanuru Reethi
- R&D Center for Excellence, Vidya Herbs Pvt Ltd., Bangalore, India
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11
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Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of β-Caryophyllene in Healthy Subjects Using the VESIsorb® Formulation Technology, a Novel Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092860. [PMID: 35566210 PMCID: PMC9104399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a common constituent of many spice and food plants, is gaining increased attention due to recent research identifying numerous potential health benefits. Due to limited oral bioavailability observed in preclinical models, the described benefits of BCP may be maximized by using a suitable delivery system. Additionally, human pharmacokinetics (PK) remain unknown. This study evaluates the relative oral bioavailability of BCP formulated in a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) based on VESIsorb® formulation technology (BCP-SEDDS) compared to BCP neat oil. Hence, a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design, single oral dose study (100 mg BCP) in 24 healthy subjects (12 men/12 women) was performed under fasting conditions. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed from individual concentration-time curves. The data show that BCP-SEDDS resulted in a 2.2/2.0-fold increase in AUC0–12h/AUC0–24h and a 3.6-fold increase in Cmax compared to BCP neat oil. Moreover, BCP was absorbed faster from BCP-SEDDS (Tmax: 1.43 h) compared to BCP neat oil (Tmax: 3.07 h). Gender analysis revealed that there is no significant difference between men and women for both the investigated formulations and all investigated PK endpoints. In conclusion, BCP-SEDDS offers a well-tolerated and effective oral delivery system to significantly enhance the oral bioavailability of BCP in humans.
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12
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Egbuta MA, McIntosh S, Waters DLE, Vancov T, Liu L. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Essential Oil and β-Bisabolol Derived from Cotton Gin Trash. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020526. [PMID: 35056836 PMCID: PMC8779114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural α-bisabolol has been widely used in cosmetics and is sourced mainly from the stems of Candeia trees that have become endangered due to over exploitation. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of cotton gin trash (CGT) essential oil and the major terpenoid (β-bisabolol) purified from the oil were investigated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages as well as the 3t3 and HS27 fibroblast cell lines. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were measured using Greiss reagent, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cytokine bead array (CBA)-flow cytometry. Non-toxic concentrations of CGT oil and β-bisabolol (1.6–50.0 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the production of the inflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner. Maximal inhibition by β-bisabolol was 55.5% for NO, 62.3% for PGE2, and 45.3% for TNF-α production in RAW cells. β-Bisabolol induced a level of inhibition similar to an equal concentration of α-bisabolol (50.0 µg/mL), a known anti-inflammatory agent. These results suggest β-bisabolol exerts similar in vitro effects to known topical anti-inflammatory agents and could therefore be exploited for cosmetic and therapeutic uses. This is the first study to report the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of β-bisabolol in CGT essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Egbuta
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Shane McIntosh
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Daniel L. E. Waters
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
| | - Tony Vancov
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Planning, Industry & Environment, DPI Agriculture, Woodbridge Rd, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia;
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia; (M.A.E.); (S.M.); (D.L.E.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-02-6620-3293
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13
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Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide: a variety of chemical transformations and biological activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Nguma E, Yamashita S, Han KH, Otoki Y, Yamamoto A, Nakagawa K, Fukushima M, Miyazawa T, Kinoshita M. Dietary Ethanolamine Plasmalogen Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Enhancing Colon Mucosa Integrity, Antioxidative Stress, and Anti-inflammatory Responses via Increased Ethanolamine Plasmalogen Molecular Species: Protective Role of Vinyl Ether Linkages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13034-13044. [PMID: 34723501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dietary ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) has been reported to have several health benefits; however, its functional role during colon pathophysiology remains elusive. The present study investigated the anticolitis effect of dietary ethanolamine glycerophospholipids (EtnGpls) with high PlsEtn from ascidian muscle (86.2 mol %) and low PlsEtn from porcine liver (7.7 mol %) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Dietary EtnGpls lowered myeloperoxidase activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, proinflammatory cytokines and proapoptosis-related protein levels in colon mucosa after 16 days of DSS treatment, with ascidian muscle (0.1% EtnGpl in diet) showing higher suppression than porcine liver (0.1% EtnGpl in diet). Moreover, dietary EtnGpls suppressed DSS symptoms after 38 days of DSS treatment as evidenced by increased body weight, colon length, and ameliorated colon mucosa integrity. Additionally, dietary EtnGpls elevated short-chain fatty acid production in DSS-treated mice. Altogether, these results indicate the potential of utilizing diets with abundant PlsEtn for the prevention of colon inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephantus Nguma
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kyu-Ho Han
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yamamoto
- Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka 425-8570, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Michihiro Fukushima
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan
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He XH, Galaj E, Bi GH, He Y, Hempel B, Wang YL, Gardner EL, Xi ZX. β-caryophyllene, an FDA-Approved Food Additive, Inhibits Methamphetamine-Taking and Methamphetamine-Seeking Behaviors Possibly via CB2 and Non-CB2 Receptor Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722476. [PMID: 34566647 PMCID: PMC8458938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research indicates that brain cannabinoid CB2 receptors are involved in drug reward and addiction. However, it is unclear whether β-caryophyllene (BCP), a natural product with a CB2 receptor agonist profile, has therapeutic effects on methamphetamine (METH) abuse and dependence. In this study, we used animal models of self-administration, electrical brain-stimulation reward (BSR) and in vivo microdialysis to explore the effects of BCP on METH-taking and METH-seeking behavior. We found that systemic administration of BCP dose-dependently inhibited METH self-administration under both fixed-ratio and progressive-ratio reinforcement schedules in rats, indicating that BCP reduces METH reward, METH intake, and incentive motivation to seek and take METH. The attenuating effects of BCP were partially blocked by AM 630, a selective CB2 receptor antagonist. Genetic deletion of CB2 receptors in CB2-knockout (CB2-KO) mice also blocked low dose BCP-induced reduction in METH self-administration, suggesting possible involvement of a CB2 receptor mechanism. However, at high doses, BCP produced a reduction in METH self-administration in CB2-KO mice in a manner similar as in WT mice, suggesting that non-CB2 receptor mechanisms underlie high dose BCP-produced effects. In addition, BCP dose-dependently attenuated METH-enhanced electrical BSR and inhibited METH-primed and cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking in rats. In vivo microdialysis assays indicated that BCP alone did not produce a significant reduction in extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), while BCP pretreatment significantly reduced METH-induced increases in extracellular NAc DA in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a DA-dependent mechanism involved in BCP action. Together, the present findings suggest that BCP might be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of METH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hu He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Ewa Galaj
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yi He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Briana Hempel
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yan-Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang M, Qian F. β-Caryophyllene attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibition of the MAPK signalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1319-1329. [PMID: 34313776 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute lung injury (ALI) is a pulmonary manifestation of an acute systemic inflammatory response, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, from the perspective of treating ALI, it is important to identify effective agents and elucidate the underlying modulatory mechanisms. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a naturally occurring bicyclic sesquiterpene that has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effects of BCP on ALI have yet to be ascertained. METHODS ALI was induced intratracheally, injected with 5 mg/kg LPS and treated with BCP. The bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were obtained and cultured then challenged with 100 ng/ml LPS for 4 h, with or without BCP pre-treatment for 30 min. KEY FINDINGS BCP significantly ameliorates LPS-induced mouse ALI, which is related to an alleviation of neutrophil infiltration and reduction in cytokine production. In vitro, BCP was found to reduce the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α, and suppresses the MAPK signalling pathway in BMDMs, which is associated with the inhibition of TAK1 phosphorylation and an enhancement of MKP-1 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that BCP protects against inflammatory responses and is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of LPS-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Muqun Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Development and validation of a gas chromatography method for the determination of β-caryophyllene in clove extract and its application. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13853. [PMID: 34226604 PMCID: PMC8257650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to check the effectiveness of the analysis method that separates and quantifies β-caryophyllene among clove extracts and validate according to current ICH guidelines. The β-caryophyllene was active constituent of clove buds. The developed method gave a good detection response. In the specificity test, the standard solution was detected at about 17.32 min, and the test solution was detected at 17.32 min. The linearity of β-caryophyllen was confirmed, and at this time, the correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibration curve showed a high linearity of 0.999 or more in the concentration range. The levels of LOD and LOQ were 1.28 ug/mL and 3.89 ug/mL, respectively. The accuracy was confirmed to be 101.6–102.2% and RSD 0.95 ~ 1.31%. As a result of checking the repeatability and inter-tester reproducibility to confirm the precision, the RSD was found to be 1.34 ~ 2.69%. This validated GC method was successfully applied to a soft capsule containing clove extract and other materials for clinical trials. Therefore, this method can be used as an analytical tool for quality control of various samples, including clove extracts and their products of food and pharmaceutical uses.
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β-Caryophyllene ameliorates the Mycoplasmal pneumonia through the inhibition of NF-κB signal transduction in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4240-4246. [PMID: 34354405 PMCID: PMC8324997 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia is a frequent infectious disease that mainly affects the children and the global death rate is nearly 19% among children at the below 5 age. β-caryophyllene is an active compound, mainly occurs in the spices and it possesses immense biological activities. Objective This investigation deliberated to scrutinize the beneficial actions of β-caryophyllene against the M. pneumoniae induced pneumonia. Methods The pneumonia was stimulated to the BALB/c mice by infecting them with 100 µl of M. pneumonia for 2 days via nasal drops with the concomitant treatment with 20 mg/kg of β-caryophyllene. The total cells in the BALF of test mice were counted by using the Neuber chamber. The total protein and the pro-inflammatory cytokines status were examined by using the commercial ELISA kits. The PCR technique was used to measure the M. pneumoniae bacterial load. The NF-ƙB expression was investigated using western blotting. The lung tissues were analyzed microscopically. Results The β-caryophyllene notably diminished the total protein status, total cell count, and bacterial load in the pneumonia provoked mice. The marked reduction in the status of pro-inflammatory regulators was seen in the β-caryophyllene supplemented pneumonia mice. β-caryophyllene also down-regulated the expression of NF-ƙB thereby reduced the lung inflammation and tissue damages as seen in the result of histological analysis. Conclusion These findings were confirmed the therapeutic potential of β-caryophyllene against the M. pneumoniae-activated pneumonia in animals.
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19
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Jha NK, Sharma C, Hashiesh HM, Arunachalam S, Meeran MN, Javed H, Patil CR, Goyal SN, Ojha S. β-Caryophyllene, A Natural Dietary CB2 Receptor Selective Cannabinoid can be a Candidate to Target the Trinity of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:590201. [PMID: 34054510 PMCID: PMC8163236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.590201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic and presents a public health emergency. It has affected millions of people and continues to affect more, despite tremendous social preventive measures. Identifying candidate drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is crucial. The pathogenesis and the complications with advanced infection mainly involve an immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, therapeutic strategy relies on suppressing infectivity and inflammation, along with immune modulation. One of the most promising therapeutic targets for the modulation of immune-inflammatory responses is the endocannabinoid system, particularly the activation of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2R), a G-protein coupled receptor which mediates the anti-inflammatory properties by modulating numerous signaling pathways. To pharmacologically activate the CB2 receptors, a naturally occurring cannabinoid ligand, beta-caryophyllene (BCP), received attention due to its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. BCP is recognized as a full selective functional agonist on CB2 receptors and produces therapeutic effects by activating CB2 and the nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). BCP is regarded as the first dietary cannabinoid with abundant presence across cannabis and non-cannabis plants, including spices and other edible plants. BCP showed tissue protective properties and favorably modulates numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. Based on its pharmacological properties, molecular mechanisms, and the therapeutic potential of BCP as an immunomodulator, anti-inflammatory, organ-protective, and antiviral, we hypothesize that BCP could be a promising therapeutic and/or preventive candidate to target the triad of infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19. In line with numerous studies that proposed the potential of cannabinoids in COVID-19, BCP may be a novel candidate compound for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical development due to its unique functional receptor selectivity, wide availability and accessibility, dietary bioavailability, nonpsychoactivity, and negligible toxicity along with druggable properties, including favorable pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Based on reasonable pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic properties, we speculate that BCP has potential to be investigated against COVID-19 and will inspire further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Seenipandi Arunachalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mf Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Galaj E, Bi GH, Moore A, Chen K, He Y, Gardner E, Xi ZX. Beta-caryophyllene inhibits cocaine addiction-related behavior by activation of PPARα and PPARγ: repurposing a FDA-approved food additive for cocaine use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:860-870. [PMID: 33069159 PMCID: PMC8026612 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse continues to be a serious health problem worldwide. Despite intense research, there is still no FDA-approved medication to treat cocaine use disorder (CUD). In this report, we explored the potential utility of beta-caryophyllene (BCP), an FDA-approved food additive for the treatment of CUD. We found that BCP, when administered intraperitoneally or intragastrically, dose-dependently attenuated cocaine self-administration, cocaine-conditioned place preference, and cocaine-primed reinstatement of drug seeking in rats. In contrast, BCP failed to alter food self-administration or cocaine-induced hyperactivity. It also failed to maintain self-administration in a drug substitution test, suggesting that BCP has no abuse potential. BCP was previously reported to be a selective CB2 receptor agonist. Unexpectedly, pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of CB1, CB2, or GPR55 receptors in gene-knockout mice failed to alter BCP's action against cocaine self-administration, suggesting the involvement of non-CB1, non-CB2, and non-GPR55 receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of μ opioid receptor or Toll-like receptors complex failed to alter, while blockade of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ) reversed BCP-induced reduction in cocaine self-administration, suggesting the involvement of PPARα and PPARγ in BCP's action. Finally, we used electrical and optogenetic intracranial self-stimulation (eICSS, oICSS) paradigms to study the underlying neural substrate mechanisms. We found that BCP is more effective in attenuation of cocaine-enhanced oICSS than eICSS, the former driven by optical activation of midbrain dopamine neurons in DAT-cre mice. These findings indicate that BCP may be useful for the treatment of CUD, likely by stimulation of PPARα and PPARγ in the mesolimbic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Allamar Moore
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuropychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Kai Chen
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA ,grid.413247.7Present Address: Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071 China
| | - Yi He
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Eliot Gardner
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuropychopharmacology Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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21
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Alsaud N, Shahbaz K, Farid M. Evaluation of deep eutectic solvents in the extraction of β-caryophyllene from New Zealand Manuka leaves (Leptospermum scoparium). Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Di Sotto A, Mancinelli R, Gullì M, Eufemi M, Mammola CL, Mazzanti G, Di Giacomo S. Chemopreventive Potential of Caryophyllane Sesquiterpenes: An Overview of Preliminary Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3034. [PMID: 33081075 PMCID: PMC7603190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention is referred to as a strategy to inhibit, suppress, or reverse tumor development and progression in healthy people along with high-risk subjects and oncologic patients through using pharmacological or natural substances. Numerous phytochemicals have been widely described in the literature to possess chemopreventive properties, although their clinical usefulness remains to be defined. Among them, caryophyllane sesquiterpenes are natural compounds widely occurring in nature kingdoms, especially in plants, fungi, and marine environments. Several structures, characterized by a common caryophyllane skeleton with further rearrangements, have been identified, but those isolated from plant essential oils, including β-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene oxide, α-humulene, and isocaryophyllene, have attracted the greatest pharmacological attention. Emerging evidence has outlined a complex polypharmacological profile of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes characterized by blocking, suppressing, chemosensitizing, and cytoprotective properties, which suggests a possible usefulness of these natural substances in cancer chemoprevention for both preventive and adjuvant purposes. In the present review, the scientific knowledge about the chemopreventive properties of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes and the mechanisms involved have been collected and discussed; moreover, possible structure-activity relationships have been highlighted. Although further high-quality studies are required, the promising preclinical findings and the safe pharmacological profile encourage further studies to define a clinical usefulness of caryophyllane sesquiterpenes in primary, secondary, or tertiary chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Loredana Mammola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.M.)
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (S.D.G.)
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Antonelli M, Donelli D, Barbieri G, Valussi M, Maggini V, Firenzuoli F. Forest Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Effects on Human Health: A State-of-the-Art Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186506. [PMID: 32906736 PMCID: PMC7559006 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research work is to analyze the chemistry and diversity of forest VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and to outline their evidence-based effects on health. This research work was designed as a narrative overview of the scientific literature. Inhaling forest VOCs like limonene and pinene can result in useful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on the airways, and the pharmacological activity of some terpenes absorbed through inhalation may be also beneficial to promote brain functions by decreasing mental fatigue, inducing relaxation, and improving cognitive performance and mood. The tree composition can markedly influence the concentration of specific VOCs in the forest air, which also exhibits cyclic diurnal variations. Moreover, beneficial psychological and physiological effects of visiting a forest cannot be solely attributed to VOC inhalation but are due to a global and integrated stimulation of the five senses, induced by all specific characteristics of the natural environment, with the visual component probably playing a fundamental role in the overall effect. Globally, these findings can have useful implications for individual wellbeing, public health, and landscape design. Further clinical and environmental studies are advised, since the majority of the existing evidence is derived from laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Antonelli
- Terme di Monticelli, 43022 Monticelli Terme PR, Italy
- Institute of Public Health, University of Parma, 43125 Parma PR, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Davide Donelli
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
- AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia RE, Italy
| | - Grazia Barbieri
- Binini Partners S.r.l. Engineering and Architecture, 42121 Reggio Emilia RE, Italy;
| | - Marco Valussi
- European Herbal and Traditional Medicine Practitioners Association (EHTPA), Norwich NR3 1HG, UK;
| | - Valentina Maggini
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- CERFIT, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Firenze FI, Italy; (D.D.); (V.M.); (F.F.)
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Effect of β-caryophyllene from Cloves Extract on Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Mouse Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041000. [PMID: 32260414 PMCID: PMC7230661 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New antibacterial treatments against Helicobacter pylori are needed as H. pylori is acquiring antibiotic resistance. β-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene, with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This study investigates the effects of H-002119-00-001 from β-caryophyllene on the eradication of H. pylori in a mouse model, and its effects on the inflammation of the gastric mucosa. To evaluate the anti-H.pylori efficacy of β-caryophyllene, a total of 160 mice were divided into eight groups (n = 10 each) and were administered different treatments for 2 and 4 weeks. H. pylori eradication was assessed using a Campylobacter-like organism (CLO) test and H. pylori qPCR of the gastric mucosa. The levels of inflammation of gastric mucosa were assessed using histology and immunostaining. H-002119-00-001 decreased bacterial burden in vitro. When H-002119-00-001 was administered to mice once daily for 2 weeks, cure rates shown by the CLO test were 40.0%, 60.0%, and 70.0% in groups 6, 7, and 8, respectively. H. pylori levels in gastric mucosa decreased dose-dependently after H-002119-00-001 treatment. H-002119-00-001 also reduced levels of inflammation in gastric mucosa. H-002119-00-001 improved inflammation and decreased bacterial burden in H. pylori-infected mouse models. H-002119-00-001 is a promising and effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Shim HI, Song DJ, Shin CM, Yoon H, Park YS, Kim N, Lee DH. [Inhibitory Effects of β-caryophyllene on Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Randomized Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 74:199-204. [PMID: 31650795 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2019.74.4.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections, which cause a variety of gastrointestinal symptoms, are common in South Korea. Recent reports have shown a decline in the H. pylori eradication rates. β-caryophyllene is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that occurs in a wide range of plant species, such as cloves, basil, and cinnamon. β-caryophyllene has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of β-caryophyllene on H. pylori and its potential role as an alternative gastrointestinal drug. Methods This 8-week, randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial categorized subjects into a β-caryophyllene group (33 patients who received 126 mg/day of β-caryophyllene) and a placebo group (33 patients who received a placebo preparation). The inflammation level of H. pylori infiltration and the eradication rates were evaluated endoscopically and with the urea breath test (UBT) in both groups before and after administering the medication. The serum cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6) were compared in both groups before and after administering the medication. Results Complete eradication was not observed in either group. Moreover, there was no significant change in the UBT and updated Sydney score. On the other hand, the β-caryophyllene group showed significant improvement in nausea (p=0.025) and epigastric pain (p=0.018), as well as a decrease in the serum IL-1β levels (p=0.038). Conclusions β-caryophyllene improves dyspepsia symptoms and can be considered a useful supplementary treatment for gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ik Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Therapeutic Potential of Volatile Terpenes and Terpenoids from Forests for Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062187. [PMID: 32235725 PMCID: PMC7139849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest trees are a major source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Terpenes and terpenoids are known as the main BVOCs of forest aerosols. These compounds have been shown to display a broad range of biological activities in various human disease models, thus implying that forest aerosols containing these compounds may be related to beneficial effects of forest bathing. In this review, we surveyed studies analyzing BVOCs and selected the most abundant 23 terpenes and terpenoids emitted in forested areas of the Northern Hemisphere, which were reported to display anti-inflammatory activities. We categorized anti-inflammatory processes related to the functions of these compounds into six groups and summarized their molecular mechanisms of action. Finally, among the major 23 compounds, we examined the therapeutic potentials of 12 compounds known to be effective against respiratory inflammation, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and neuroinflammation among various inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, the updated studies support the beneficial effects of forest aerosols and propose their potential use as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents for treating various inflammatory diseases.
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He Y, Galaj E, Bi GH, Wang XF, Gardner E, Xi ZX. β-Caryophyllene, a dietary terpenoid, inhibits nicotine taking and nicotine seeking in rodents. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:2058-2072. [PMID: 31883107 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a plant-derived terpenoid used as a food additive for many decades. Recent studies indicate that BCP is a cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist with medical benefits for a number of human diseases. However, little is known about its therapeutic potential for drug abuse and addiction. EXPERIMENT APPROACH We used pharmacological, transgenic, and optogenetic approaches to systematically evaluate the effects of BCP on nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behaviour in animal models of drug self-administration, electrical, and optical brain-stimulation reward. KEY RESULTS Systemic administration of BCP dose-dependently inhibited nicotine self-administration and motivation for nicotine seeking in rats and mice. The reduction in nicotine self-administration was blocked by AM630, a selective CB2 receptor antagonist, but not by AM251, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, suggesting involvement of a CB2 receptor mechanism. Genetic deletion of CB2 receptors in mice blocked the reduction in nicotine self-administration produced only by low doses, but not by high doses, of BCP, suggesting involvement of both CB2 and non-CB2 receptor mechanisms. Furthermore, in the intracranial self-stimulation paradigm, BCP attenuated electrical brain-stimulation reward and nicotine-enhanced brain-stimulation reward in rats. Lastly, BCP also attenuated brain-stimulation reward maintained by optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area in DAT-cre mice, suggesting the involvement of a dopamine-dependent mechanism in BCP's action. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present findings suggest that BCP has significant anti-nicotine effects via both CB2 and non-CB2 receptor mechanisms and, therefore, deserves further study as a potential new pharmacotherapy for cigarette smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ewa Galaj
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
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Venkataraman B, Ojha S, Belur PD, Bhongade B, Raj V, Collin PD, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Phytochemical drug candidates for the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in inflammatory bowel diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1530-1549. [PMID: 32009281 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based compounds or phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and polyphenols have been used extensively in traditional medicine for centuries and more recently in Western alternative medicine. Extensive evidence suggests that consumption of dietary polyphenolic compounds lowers the risk of inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of several phytochemicals are mediated through ligand-inducible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly the PPARγ transcription factor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is represented by ulcerative colitis, which occurs in the mucosa of the colon and rectum, and Crohn's disease (CD) that can involve any segment of gastrointestinal tract. Because of the lack of cost-effective pharmaceutical treatment options, many IBD patients seek and use alternative and unconventional therapies to alleviate their symptoms. PPARγ plays a role in the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression and activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells. The phytochemicals reported here are ligands that activate PPARγ, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. PPARγ is highly expressed in the gut making it a potential therapeutic target for IBDs. This review summarizes the effects of the currently published phytochemicals that modulate the PPARγ pathway and reduce or eliminate colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Bhoomendra Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Al-Taee H, Azimullah S, Meeran MN, Alaraj Almheiri MK, Al Jasmi RA, Tariq S, AB Khan M, Adeghate E, Ojha S. β-caryophyllene, a dietary phytocannabinoid attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and prevents structural alterations of the myocardium against doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats: An in vitro and in vivo study. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 858:172467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Role of bioactive lipofishins in prevention of inflammation and colon cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:175-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Efficacy of β-caryophyllene for periodontal disease related factors. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 100:113-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yoo HJ, Jwa SK. Inhibitory effects of β-caryophyllene on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 88:42-46. [PMID: 29407750 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biofilm of Streptococcus mutans is associated with induction of dental caries. Also, they produce glucan as an extracellular polysaccharide through glucosyltransferases and help the formation of cariogenic biofilm. β-caryophyllene has been used for therapeutic agent in traditional medicine and has antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of β-caryophyllene on S. mutans biofilm and the expression of biofilm-related factor. DESIGN The susceptibility assay of S. mutans for β-caryophyllene was performed to investigate inhibitory concentration for S. mutans growth. To evaluated the effect of β-caryophyllene on S. mutans biofilm, β-caryophyllene was treated on S. mutans in the various concentrations before or after the biofilm formation. Live S. mutans in the biofilm was counted by inoculating on Mitis-salivarius agar plate, and S. mutans biofilm was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscope after staining bacterial live/dead staining kit. Finally, the expression of glucosyltransferases of S. mutans was investigated by real-time RT-PCR after treating with β-caryophyllene at the non-killing concentration of S. mutans. RESULTS The growth of S. mutans was inhibited by β-caryophyllene in above concentration of 0.078%, S. mutans biofilm was inhibited by β-caryophyllene in above 0.32%. Also, 2.5% of β-caryophyllene showed anti-biofilm activity for S. mutans biofilm. β-caryophyllene reduced the expression of gtf genes at a non-killing concentration for S. mutans. On the basis on these results, β-caryophyllene may have anti-biofilm activity and the inhibitory effect on biofilm related factor. CONCLUSIONS β-caryophyllene may inhibit cariogenic biofilm and may be a candidate agent for prevention of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Yoo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kyung Jwa
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daegu Health College, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Saleh-E-In MM, Van Staden J. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Arctotis arctotoides (L.f.) O. Hoffm.: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:294-320. [PMID: 29331315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Arctotis arctotoides (Asteraceae) is part of the genus Arctotis. Arctotis is an African genus of approximately 70 species that occur widely in the African continent with diverse medicinal values. This plant is used for the treatment of indigestion and catarrh of the stomach, epilepsy, topical wounds and skin disorders among the ethnic groups in South Africa and reported to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of the present review is to appraise the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological potential, analytical methods and safety issues of A. arctotoides. Additionally, this review will help to fill the existing gaps in knowledge and highlight further research prospects in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on A. arctotoides was collected from various resources, including books on African medicinal herbs and Zulu medicinal plants, theses, reports and the internet databases such as SciFinder, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Mendeley by using a combination of various meaningful keywords. This review surveys the available literature of the species from 1962 to April 2017. RESULTS In vitro and in vivo studies of the medicinal properties of A. arctotoides were reviewed. The main isolated and identified compounds were reported as sesquiterpenes, farnesol derivatives, germacranolide, guaianolides and some steroids, of which, nine were reported as antimicrobial. Monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids were the predominant essential oil compound classes of the leaves, flowers, stems and roots. The present review revealed potential pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities of plant extracts as well as isolated compounds. Moreover, the review reports the safety profile (toxicity) of the crude extracts that had been screened on brine shrimps, rats and human cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The present review has focused on the phytochemistry, botany, ethnopharmacology, biological activities and toxicological information of A. arctotoides. On the basis of reported data, A. arctotoides has emerged as a good source of natural medicine for the treatment of microbial infections, skin diseases, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents and also provides new insights for further isolation of new bioactive compounds, especially the discovery of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer novel therapeutic lead drug molecules. Additionally, intensive investigations regarding pharmacological properties, safety assessment and efficacy with their mechanism of action could be future research interests before starting clinical trials for medicinal practices.
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Key Words
- (E)-3-methyl-4-(4-((E)-4-methyl-5-oxopent-3-enyl)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-yl)but-2-enyl acetate (PubChem CID: not found)
- (E)-5-(5-((E)-4-hydroxy-2-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl) -2-methylpent-2-enal (PubChem CID: not found)
- (E, E)-5-[4-(Acetyloxy)-2-methyl-2-butenyl]-3-[5-(acetyloxy)-4-methyl-3- pentenyl]-2(5H)-furanone (PubChem CID: not found)
- 1, 8-Cineole (PubChem CID: 2758)
- 10,14-Deoxyarctolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- 11β, 13-Dihydro-10, 14-desoxoarctiolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- 11β, 13-Dihydroarctiolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- 12, 14-Diacetoxy-2Z-farnesyl acetate (PubChem CID: not found)
- 14-Acetoxy-12-hydroxy-2Z-farnesol (PubChem CID: not found)
- 3-Deacetyl-3-isobutyryl arctolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- 3-Deacetyl-3-propionyl-11, 14-deoxoarctolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- 3-Deacetyl-3-propionylarctolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- 3-Desacetyl-10,14-desoxoarctolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- 3-O-[β-D-(6´-nonadeanoate) glucopyranosyl]-β-sitosterol (PubChem CID: not found)
- 4β, 15-dihydro-3-dehydro-zaluzanin C (PubChem CID: not found)
- Abietic acid (PubChem CID: 10569)
- Arctiolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- Arctodecurrolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- Arctolide (PubChem CID: 442144)
- Arctotis arctotoides
- Asteraceae
- Bicyclogermacrene (PubChem CID: 5315347)
- Botany and toxicology
- Caryophyllene oxide (PubChem CID: 1742210)
- Daucosterol (PubChem CID: 296119)
- Dehydrobrachylaenolide (PubChem CID: 44566739)
- Dehydrocostus lactone (PubChem CID: 73174)
- Ethnopharmacology
- Germacranolide (PubChem CID: not found)
- Glycerol-1-docosanoate (PubChem CID: 53480989)
- Grosshemin (PubChem CID: 442256)
- Limonene (PubChem CID: 440917)
- Linalool (PubChem CID: 6549)
- Lupeol (PubChem CID: 259846)
- Lupeol acetate (PubChem CID: 92157)
- Myrtenol (PubChem CID: 10582)
- Nepetin (PubChem CID: 5317284)
- Pedalitin (PubChem CID: 31161)
- Perydiscolic acid (PubChem CID: not found)
- Phytochemistry
- Piperitone (PubChem CID: 6987)
- Serratagenic acid (PubChem CID: 21594175)
- Spathulenol (PubChem CID: 92231)
- Stigmasterol (PubChem CID: 5280794)
- Terpinen-4-ol (PubChem CID: 11230)
- Zaluzanin C (PubChem CID: 72646)
- Zaluzanin D (PubChem CID: 12445012)
- cis-Nerolidol (PubChem CID: 5320128)
- cis-α-Bergamotene (PubChem CID: 91753502)
- cis-α-Bergamotol acetate (PubChem CID: 102208434)
- cis-α-Farnesene (PubChem CID: 5317320)
- trans-α-Bergamotol (PubChem CID: 6429302)
- α-Cadinol (PubChem CID: 6431302)
- β-Bisabolol (PubChem CID: 27208)
- β-Caryophyllene (PubChem CID: 5281515)
- β-Farnesene (PubChem CID: 5281517)
- β-sitosterol (PubChem CID: 222284)
- γ-Curcumene (PubChem CID: 12304273)
- γ-Terpinene (PubChem CID: 7461)
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moshfekus Saleh-E-In
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Harb AA, Bustanji YK, Abdalla SS. Hypocholesterolemic effect of β-caryophyllene in rats fed cholesterol and fat enriched diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 62:230-237. [PMID: 29892161 PMCID: PMC5990408 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the cholesterol-lowering potential of β-caryophyllene in a rat model. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding male Wistar rats a high cholesterol and fat diet for 2 weeks. This was followed by oral administration of β-caryophyllene to hypercholesterolemic rats at 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg b.w. for 4 weeks. A dose of 30 mg/kg of β-caryophyllene significantly lowered serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and the atherogenic index and significantly increased high density lipoprotein level. Moreover, it ameliorated liver injury as evidenced by decreasing hepatomegaly, macrovesicular steatosis and the activity of hepatic marker enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Furthermore, it increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. This dose of β-caryophyllene significantly inhibited the activity of hepatic hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Higher doses (100 and 300 mg/kg) of β-caryophyllene, however, did not induce significant beneficial effects on the studied parameters. These observations demonstrate that β-caryophyllene has a cholesterol-lowering effect on hypercholesterolemic rats, thus offering protection against hypercholesterolemia-induced diseases such as atherosclerosis and fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A. Harb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Shtaywy S. Abdalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Lombardi VRM, Carrera I, Cacabelos R. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effect of AntiGan against tumor cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:2547-2556. [PMID: 29467852 PMCID: PMC5792761 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel effective chemopreventive agents against cancer are required to improve current therapeutic rates. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-carcinogenesis effect of AntiGan, an extract obtained from the European conger eel, Conger conger, in vitro (human tumor cell lines) and in vivo (murine model of colitis) models. The potential apoptogenic activity after 24 h of incubation with 10, 25 and 50 µl/ml AntiGan was reported using growth inhibition and apoptosis activity assays. In vivo studies were performed in mice by inducing colitis with oral administration of 2% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for 5 weeks. Apoptosis was observed in HL-60, Hs 313.T, SW-480, Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines. The highest level of growth inhibition was observed in Caco-2 (66, 75.8 and 88.1%), HT-29 (56, 73 and 87.6%) and SW-480 (38.5, 61.6, 78.6%) for AntiGan doses of 10, 25 and 50 µl/ml, respectively, compared to untreated cells, while the results of the expression of genes associated with apoptosis indicated a downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in all cell lines studied. In vivo, morphopathological alterations in the colon were analyzed by immunohistochemical and staining methods. Tumoral markers, including β-catenin, cyclooxygenase 2 and Bcl-2 were expressed in cryptal cells of the dysplastic colonic mucosa, whereas the levels of interferon-γ expression were also increased when no treatment was applied. In the experimental murine model, the optimal concentration of AntiGan for an effective dose-response was 10% in diet. These results suggested that AntiGan displays a powerful anti-inflammatory effect in DSS-induced colitis, acting as a chemopreventive agent against colon carcinogenesis, most likely due to its apoptogenic peptides that contribute to the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter R M Lombardi
- Department of Health Biotechnology, EuroEspes Biotechnology, 15165 Corunna, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Department of Health Biotechnology, EuroEspes Biotechnology, 15165 Corunna, Spain
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute for CNS Disorders and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Corunna, Spain
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Betacaryophyllene - A phytocannabinoid as potential therapeutic modality for human sepsis? Med Hypotheses 2017; 110:68-70. [PMID: 29317072 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical condition resulting from a dysregulated immune response to an infection that leads to organ dysfunction. Despite numerous efforts to optimize treatment, sepsis remains to be the main cause of death in most intensive care units. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in inflammation. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) activation is immunosuppressive, which might be beneficial during the hyper-inflammatory phase of sepsis. Beta-caryophyllene (BCP) is a non-psychoactive natural cannabinoid (phytocannabinoid) found in Cannabis sativa and in essential oils of spices and food plants, that acts as a selective agonist of CB2R. We propose BCP administration as novel treatment to reduce hyper-inflammation in human sepsis.
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Yang M, Lv Y, Tian X, Lou J, An R, Zhang Q, Li M, Xu L, Dong Z. Neuroprotective Effect of β-Caryophyllene on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of Necroptotic Neuronal Death and Inflammation: In Vivo and in Vitro. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:583. [PMID: 29123466 PMCID: PMC5662640 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotic cell death is a hallmark feature of ischemic stroke and it may facilitate inflammation by releasing intracellular components after cell-membrane rupture. Previous studies reported that β-caryophyllene (BCP) mitigates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We explored whether BCP exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting necroptotic cell death and inflammation. Primary neurons with and without BCP (0.2, 1, 5, 25 μM) treatment were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R). Neuron damage, neuronal death type and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein expression were assessed 48 h after OGD/R. Furthermore, mice underwent I/R procedures with or without BCP (8, 24, 72 mg/kg, ip.). Neurologic dysfunction, cerebral infarct volumes, cell death, cytokine levels, necroptosis core molecules, and HMGB1-TLR4 signaling were determined at 48 h after I/R. BCP (5 μM) significantly reduced necroptotic neurons and MLKL protein expression following OGD/R. BCP (24, 72 mg/kg, ip.) reduced infarct volumes, neuronal necrosis, receptor-interaction protein kinase-1 (RIPK1), receptor-interaction protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) expression, and MLKL phosphorylation after I/R injury. BCP also decreased high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. Thus, BCP alleviates ischemic brain damage potentially by inhibiting necroptotic neuronal death and inflammatory response. This study suggests a novel application for BCP as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjiu Lv
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaocui Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Lou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruidi An
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghang Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Arizuka N, Murakami T, Suzuki K. The effect of β-caryophyllene on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 30:263-273. [PMID: 29097836 PMCID: PMC5660948 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not fully understood, but many studies have suggested that oxidative stress plays a key role. The methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD) administration model can reproduce histopathological features of human NASH and is widely used for investigating NASH. C57BL/6J mice have been used in many studies, but strain differences in pathogenesis have not been sufficiently investigated. We administred MCD to two mouse strains and then compared difference between strains and investigated the effects of β-caryophyllene (BCP), which possesses an antioxidant effect, on development and progression of NASH. ICR and C57BL/6J mice were administred a control diet, MCD, MCD containing 0.02% BCP, or MCD containing 0.2% BCP. After 4 or 8 weeks, mice were sacrificed. In both strains, MCD administration induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. These lesions were more severe in C57BL/6J mice than ICR mice, and liver fibrosis was observed at 8 weeks in C57BL/6J mice. These changes were attenuated by BCP coadministration. The mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCP)-1 and fibrosis-related factors increased in C57BL/6J mice, and these increases were reduced by BCP coadministration. The mRNA expression of antioxidant-related factors decreased in both strains, and these decreases were attenuated by BCP coadministration. Based on these results, the C57BL/6J mouse was a more suitable model for MCD-induced NASH than the ICR mouse. In addition, it was suggested that antioxidant effect of BCP might suppressed the damage of hepatocytes caused by oxidative stress and following inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Arizuka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Cooperative Department
of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho,
Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Murakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Cooperative Department
of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho,
Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Cooperative Department
of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho,
Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Gyrdymova YV, Sudarikov DV, Shevchenko OG, Rubtsova SA, Slepukhin PA, Kutchin AV. Caryophyllane Thiols, Vinyl Thioethers, Di- and Bis-Sulfides: Antioxidant and Membrane Protective Activities. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28704572 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Caryophyllane thioterpenoids were synthesized in 23 - 81% yields. The antioxidant properties of the obtained compounds in various model systems were found. It was revealed that 4,5-epoxycaryophyll-9-ylmethanethiol has the greatest antioxidant activity. The isomerism of sesquiterpenic fragments was shown to have a significant effect on the biological activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Gyrdymova
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 48, Pervomaiskaya Ul., Syktyvkar, 167000, Russia
| | - Denis V Sudarikov
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 48, Pervomaiskaya Ul., Syktyvkar, 167000, Russia
| | - Oksana G Shevchenko
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28, Kommunisticheskaya Ul., Syktyvkar, 167000, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Rubtsova
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 48, Pervomaiskaya Ul., Syktyvkar, 167000, Russia
| | - Pavel A Slepukhin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22, S Kovalevskaya Ul., Ekaterinburg, 620137, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V Kutchin
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 48, Pervomaiskaya Ul., Syktyvkar, 167000, Russia
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Viveros-Paredes JM, González-Castañeda RE, Gertsch J, Chaparro-Huerta V, López-Roa RI, Vázquez-Valls E, Beas-Zarate C, Camins-Espuny A, Flores-Soto ME. Neuroprotective Effects of β-Caryophyllene against Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in a Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by MPTP. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10030060. [PMID: 28684694 PMCID: PMC5620604 DOI: 10.3390/ph10030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Although the causes of PD are not understood, evidence suggests that its pathogenesis is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Recent studies have suggested a protective role of the cannabinoid signalling system in PD. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is an agonist of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R). Previous studies have suggested that BCP exerts prophylactic and/or curative effects against inflammatory bowel disease through its antioxidative and/or anti-inflammatory action. The present study describes the neuroprotective effects of BCP in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced murine model of PD, and we report the results of our investigation of its neuroprotective mechanism in neurons and glial cells. In the murine model, BCP pretreatment ameliorated motor dysfunction, protected against dopaminergic neuronal losses in the SN and striatum, and alleviated MPTP-induced glia activation. Additionally, BCP inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the nigrostriatal system. The observed neuroprotection and inhibited glia activation were reversed upon treatment with the CB2R selective antagonist AM630, confirming the involvement of the CB2R. These results indicate that BCP acts via multiple neuroprotective mechanisms in our murine model and suggest that BCP may be viewed as a potential treatment and/or preventative agent for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Viveros-Paredes
- Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Rocio E González-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Juerg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR Trans Cure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Veronica Chaparro-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44421 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Rocio I López-Roa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Vázquez-Valls
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 44421 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Laboratorio de Regeneración y Desarrollo Neural, Instituto de Neurobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, CUCBA, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Antoni Camins-Espuny
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciencias de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario E Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacobiología CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44430 Guadalajara, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, 44340 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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Young Cho J, Yeon Kim H, Me Kim H, Na Song H, Hong E, Hwang JK, Sook Chun H. Standardized ethanolic extract of the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza prevents murine ulcerative colitis by regulation of inflammation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Varga ZV, Matyas C, Erdelyi K, Cinar R, Nieri D, Chicca A, Nemeth BT, Paloczi J, Lajtos T, Corey L, Hasko G, Gao B, Kunos G, Gertsch J, Pacher P. β-Caryophyllene protects against alcoholic steatohepatitis by attenuating inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:320-334. [PMID: 28107775 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a plant-derived FDA approved food additive with anti-inflammatory properties. Some of its beneficial effects in vivo are reported to involve activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors that are predominantly expressed in immune cells. Here, we evaluated the translational potential of BCP using a well-established model of chronic and binge alcohol-induced liver injury. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of BCP on liver injury induced by chronic plus binge alcohol feeding in mice in vivo by using biochemical assays, real-time PCR and histology analyses. Serum and hepatic BCP levels were also determined by GC/MS. RESULTS Chronic treatment with BCP alleviated the chronic and binge alcohol-induced liver injury and inflammation by attenuating the pro-inflammatory phenotypic `M1` switch of Kupffer cells and by decreasing the expression of vascular adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1, E-Selectin and P-Selectin, as well as the neutrophil infiltration. It also beneficially influenced hepatic metabolic dysregulation (steatosis, protein hyperacetylation and PPAR-α signalling). These protective effects of BCP against alcohol-induced liver injury were attenuated in CB2 receptor knockout mice, indicating that the beneficial effects of this natural product in liver injury involve activation of these receptors. Following acute or chronic administration, BCP was detectable both in the serum and liver tissue homogenates but not in the brain. CONCLUSIONS Given the safety of BCP in humans, this food additive has a high translational potential in treating or preventing hepatic injury associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and steatosis. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katalin Erdelyi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Nieri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Balazs Tamas Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tamas Lajtos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lukas Corey
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gyorgy Hasko
- Departments of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Shan MQ, Qian Y, Yu S, Guo SC, Zhang L, Ding AW, Wu QN. Anti-inflammatory effect of volatile oil from Schizonepeta tenuifolia on carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats and its application to study of appropriate harvesting time coupled with multi-attribute comprehensive index method. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:580-586. [PMID: 27765609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. (ST) herbs have been used as a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating colds for thousands of years. The volatile oil is considered as the main material basis responsible for the efficacy of ST and has attracted lots of attention on its anti-inflammatory effect recently. AIM OF STUDY This paper investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the distilled volatile oils from Schizonepeta tenuifolia (STVO) that were collected at different harvesting times on carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats. Based on the anti-inflammatory effects, instead of contents of marker components, we aim to evaluate the quality and determine the appropriate harvesting time of ST. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were eleven groups with eight male rats in each randomly. They were model group, control group, positive group (dexamethasone) and eight groups treated with eight STVOs at different harvesting times. All treatments were performed by gavage and administered once a day on four consecutive days. One hour after the last treatments, except the rats in control group, those in other groups were treated with carrageenin to induce the pleurisy. Four hours later, all the rats were sacrificed and their pleurisy exudates and lung tissues were collected for further analysis. To evaluate the comprehensive anti-inflammatory effect of the eight STVOs, multi-attribute comprehensive index method (MACIM) was used to obtain the integration of various effects. RESULTS All the eight STVOs could decrease the seven indicators relating to pleurisy, which were exudate volume, leukocytes, protein level, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukine-1β (IL-1β). Majority of these decreases were significant (P<0.01, P<0.05). As far as each indicator was concerned, each STVO showed different effect from others. With MACIM, it was found that STVO in Group 6 was the most effective one with the highest Vs and appropriate harvesting time of ST was in late September. CONCLUSIONS The study may provide scientific basis to further understanding of the mechanism of STVO in anti-inflammatory effect of carrageenin-induced pleurisy. Meanwhile, this study also provides a new access to determining the appropriate harvesting time of TCM and even evaluating the quality of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiu Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yan Qian
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shu-Chen Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - An-Wei Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qi-Nan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Xu J, Tian G, Ma C, Gao H, Chen C, Yang W, Deng Q, Huang Q, Ma Z, Huang F. Flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ameliorates experimental colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in mice. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Use of β-caryophyllene to combat bacterial dental plaque formation in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:216. [PMID: 27716286 PMCID: PMC5045627 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent illness that affects many dogs, reaching up to 85 % prevalence in individuals over the age of 4 years. Currently the drug of choice for combating the formation of dental plaque in these animals, the etiologic agent of the disease, is chlorhexidine, which has several side effects reported. Thus, surveys are conducted throughout the world in order to identify potential substitutes for antimicrobial therapy and prevention of periodontal disease. The objective of the work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of β-caryophyllene against bacteria from dog's dental plaque in vitro and in vivo. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated by agar microdilution assay, the induction or inhibition of bacterial adherence by sub-inhibitory concentrations in 96-well plates, and reduction of dental plaque formation in mongrel dogs subjected to topical solution with β-caryophyllene for 15 days. RESULTS Results showed minimum inhibitory concentrations above 100 mg/mL for 25 % of the isolates, 100 mg/mL for 3 %, 50 mg/mL for 25 %, 25 mg/mL for 12 %, 12.5 mg/mL for 19 % and 6.25 mg/mL for 16 %. Bacterial adherences of three Enterococcus sp., one Streptococcus sp., one Haemophilus sp., one Aerococcus sp., one Bacillus sp. and one Lactococcus sp. isolates were inhibited by subinhibitory concentration. One Lactococcus sp., one Bacillus sp. and one Streptococcus sp. were stimulated to adhere by concentrations of 0.19, 1.56 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. In vivo assay showed reduction in dental plaque formation by β-caryophyllene, with final plaque coverage of 23.3 ± 2.6 % of the total area of the teeth, with significant difference compared with chlorhexidine group (37.5 ± 3.7 % - p < 0.05) and negative control group (65.5 ± 2.5 % - p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results showed that β-caryophyllene has antimicrobial activity against the proliferation of dog's dental plaque-forming bacteria representing a suitable alternative to the use of chlorhexidine in prophylaxis and treatment of periodontal disease of dogs.
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Javed H, Azimullah S, Haque ME, Ojha SK. Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptors Activation Protects against Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Associated Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Rotenone Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:321. [PMID: 27531971 PMCID: PMC4969295 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid type two receptors (CB2), an important component of the endocannabinoid system, have recently emerged as neuromodulators and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). The downregulation of CB2 receptors has been reported in the brains of PD patients. Therefore, both the activation and the upregulation of the CB2 receptors are believed to protect against the neurodegenerative changes in PD. In the present study, we investigated the CB2 receptor-mediated neuroprotective effect of β-caryophyllene (BCP), a naturally occurring CB2 receptor agonist, in, a clinically relevant, rotenone (ROT)-induced animal model of PD. ROT (2.5 mg/kg BW) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily for 4 weeks to induce PD in male Wistar rats. ROT injections induced a significant loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and DA striatal fibers, following activation of glial cells (astrocytes and microglia). ROT also caused oxidative injury evidenced by the loss of antioxidant enzymes and increased nitrite levels, and induction of proinflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as inflammatory mediators: NF-κB, COX-2, and iNOS. However, treatment with BCP attenuated induction of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in ROT-challenged rats. BCP supplementation also prevented depletion of glutathione concomitant to reduced lipid peroxidation and augmentation of antioxidant enzymes: SOD and catalase. The results were further supported by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, which illustrated the rescue of the DA neurons and fibers subsequent to reduced activation of glial cells. Interestingly, BCP supplementation demonstrated the potent therapeutic effects against ROT-induced neurodegeneration, which was evidenced by BCP-mediated CB2 receptor activation and the fact that, prior administration of the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 diminished the beneficial effects of BCP. The present study suggests that BCP has the potential therapeutic efficacy to elicit significant neuroprotection by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities mediated by activation of the CB2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Javed
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, UAE
| | - M Emdadul Haque
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, UAE
| | - Shreesh K Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University Al Ain, UAE
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Kelany ME, Abdallah MA. Protective effects of combined β-caryophyllene and silymarin against ketoprofen-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:739-44. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (Ket), widely utilized in treatment of many inflammatory disorders, is found to induce liver toxicity especially with overdose. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of concomitant β-caryophyllene (Cary) and silymarin (Sily) against Ket-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into 5 groups (each n = 8): the control group received distilled water for 6 weeks; the Ket-treated group received distilled water for 5 weeks and Ket in a dose of 8 mg·kg−1·day−1 p.o. for the 6th week; the Cary + Ket treated group received Cary in a dose of 200 mg·kg−1·day−1 orally for 6 weeks and Ket for the 6th week; the Sily + Ket treated group received Sily in the dose of 150 mg·kg−1·day−1 for 6 weeks and Ket for the 6th week; and the Cary + Sily + Ket treated group received Sily and Cary for 6 weeks and Ket for the 6th week. At end of the experiment, serum ALT, AST, and albumin and liver total antioxidant capacity (t.TAC) and malondialdehyde (t.MDA) were measured in all rats. Ket increased serum ALT and AST and t.MDA and decreased t.TAC. Cary and Sily improved these changes. Combined Cary and Sily restored these liver changes to nearly normal. Combined Cary and Sily is hepatoprotective, with the ability to scavenge oxidants against Ket-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Joshi RK, Satyal P, Setzer WN. Himalayan Aromatic Medicinal Plants: A Review of their Ethnopharmacology, Volatile Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 3:E6. [PMID: 28930116 PMCID: PMC5456235 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic plants have played key roles in the lives of tribal peoples living in the Himalaya by providing products for both food and medicine. This review presents a summary of aromatic medicinal plants from the Indian Himalaya, Nepal, and Bhutan, focusing on plant species for which volatile compositions have been described. The review summarizes 116 aromatic plant species distributed over 26 families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Joshi
- Department of Education, Government of Uttrakhand, Nainital 263001, India.
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Wiliam N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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Cho JY, Kim HY, Kim SK, Park JHY, Lee HJ, Chun HS. β-Caryophyllene attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice via modulation of gene expression associated mainly with colon inflammation. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1039-1045. [PMID: 28962446 PMCID: PMC5598479 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the modulatory activity of β-caryophyllene (CA) and gene expression in colitic colon tissues in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Experimental colitis was induced by exposing male BALB/c mice to 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. CA (30 or 300 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day together with DSS. CA administration attenuated the increases in the disease activity index, colon weight/length ratio, inflammation score, and myeloperoxidase activity in DSS-treated mice. Microarray analysis showed that CA administration regulated the expression in colon tissue of inflammation-related genes including those for cytokines and chemokines (Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl11, Ifitm3, IL-1β, IL-28, Tnfrsf1b, Tnfrsf12a); acute-phase proteins (S100a8, Saa3, Hp); adhesion molecules (Cd14, Cd55, Cd68, Mmp3, Mmp10, Sema6b, Sema7a, Anax13); and signal regulatory proteins induced by DSS. CA significantly suppressed NF-κB activity, which mediates the expression of a different set of genes. These results suggest that CA attenuates DSS-induced colitis, possibly by modulating the expression of genes associated mainly with colon inflammation through inhibition of DSS-induced NF-κB activity.
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Key Words
- CA, β-caryophyllene
- CD, crohn disease
- Cebpb, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein &beta
- Colitis
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dextran sulfate sodium
- Gene expression
- Hp, haptoglobin
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- IκB, inhibitor κB
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- S100a8, S100 calcium binding protein a8
- SAL, sulfasalazine
- Saa3, serum amyloid A3
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- β-Caryophyllene (PubChem CID5281515)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Cho
- CKD Research Institute, Dongbaekjukjeon-daero 315-20, Yungin, Kyonggi 446-916, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Naeri 72-1, Ansung, Kyonggi 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kyu Kim
- Nutra R&BT Inc., 371-47 Gasan, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 153-788, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Hallymdaehak-gil 39, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jin Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Naeri 72-1, Ansung, Kyonggi 456-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Naeri 72-1, Ansung, Kyonggi 456-756, Republic of Korea
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Jung JI, Kim EJ, Kwon GT, Jung YJ, Park T, Kim Y, Yu R, Choi MS, Chun HS, Kwon SH, Her S, Lee KW, Park JHY. β-Caryophyllene potently inhibits solid tumor growth and lymph node metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6N mice. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1028-39. [PMID: 26025912 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding stimulated solid tumor growth and lymph node (LN) metastasis in C57BL/6N mice injected with B16F10 melanoma cells. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene found in many essential oils and has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory activities. To examine whether BCP inhibits HFD-induced melanoma progression, 4-weeks old, male C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet (CD, 10 kcal% fat) or HFD (60 kcal% fat + 0, 0.15 or 0.3% BCP) for the entire experimental period. After 16 weeks of feeding, B16F10s were subcutaneously injected into mice. Three weeks later, tumors were resected, and mice were killed 2 weeks post-resection. Although HFD feeding increased body weight gain, fasting blood glucose levels, solid tumor growth, LN metastasis, tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, it decreased apoptotic cells, all of which were suppressed by dietary BCP. HFD feeding increased the number of lipid vacuoles and F4/80+ macrophage (MΦ) and macrophage mannose receptor (MMR)+ M2-MΦs in tumor tissues and adipose tissues surrounding the LN, which was suppressed by BCP. HFD feeding increased the levels of CCL19 and CCL21 in the LN and the expression of CCR7 in the tumor; these changes were blocked by dietary BCP. In vitro culture results revealed that BCP inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes; monocyte migration and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion by B16F10s, adipocytes and M2-MΦs; angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The suppression of adipocyte and M2-cell accumulation and the inhibition of CCL19/21-CCR7 axis may be a part of mechanisms for the BCP suppression of HFD-stimulated melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae In Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics and Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Yongkang Kim
- Department of Statistics and Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, An-Sung 456-756, Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Song Her
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea
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