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Gonçalves AC, Rodrigues S, Fonseca R, Silva LR. Potential Role of Dietary Phenolic Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Reports. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:590. [PMID: 38794160 PMCID: PMC11124183 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex illness with both hereditary and environmental components. Globally, in 2019, 18 million people had RA. RA is characterized by persistent inflammation of the synovial membrane that lines the joints, cartilage loss, and bone erosion. Phenolic molecules are the most prevalent secondary metabolites in plants, with a diverse spectrum of biological actions that benefit functional meals and nutraceuticals. These compounds have received a lot of attention recently because they have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-rheumatoid activity by modulating tumor necrosis factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, as well as other preventative properties. This article discusses dietary polyphenols, their pharmacological properties, and innovative delivery technologies for the treatment of RA, with a focus on their possible biological activities. Nonetheless, commercialization of polyphenols may be achievable only after confirming their safety profile and completing successful clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sofia Rodrigues
- Health Superior School, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-843 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Liang Y, Liang L, Shi R, Luo R, Yue Y, Yu J, Wang X, Lin J, Zhou T, Yang M, Zhong L, Wang Y, Shu Z. Genus Physalis L.: A review of resources and cultivation, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and applications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117736. [PMID: 38242219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Physalis L. (Solanaceae) is commonly used in the treatment of dermatitis, leprosy, bronchitis, pneumonia, hepatitis and rheumatism in China and other Asian countries. AIM OF THE REVIEW This article reviews the resources, cultivation, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and applications of Physalis L., and proposes further research strategies to enhance its therapeutic potential in treating various human diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases, including CNKI, SciFinder and PubMed, using the term "Physalis L." to collect information on the resources, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and applications of Physalis L. in China during the past ten years (2013.1-2023.1). RESULTS So far, a variety of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from Physalis L. mainly including steroids, flavonoids, and so on. Various pharmacological activities were evaluated by studying different extracts of Physalis L., these activities include anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, antineoplastic, and other aspects. CONCLUSION Physalis L. occupies an important position in the traditional medical system. It is cost-effective and is a significant plant with therapeutic applications in modern medicine. However, further in-depth studies are needed to determine the medical use of this plant resources and cultivation, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefang Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanyuan Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruixiang Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rongfeng Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yimin Yue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiamin Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiazi Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengru Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Luyang Zhong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zunpeng Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Hou CY, Hsieh CC, Hung YC, Hsu CC, Hsieh CW, Yu SH, Cheng KC. Evaluation of the amelioration effect of Ganoderma formosanum extract on delaying PM2.5 damage to lung macrophages. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300667. [PMID: 38282089 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Particulate matter (PM) contains toxic organic matter and heavy metals that enter the entire body through blood flow and may cause mortality. Ganoderma formosanum mycelium, a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that has been used since ancient times, contains various active ingredients that can effectively impede inflammatory responses on murine alveolar macrophages induced by PM particles. METHODS AND RESULTS An experimental study assessing the effect of G. formosanum mycelium extract's water fraction (WA) on PM-exposed murine alveolar macrophages using ROS measurement shows that WA reduces intracellular ROS by 12% and increases cell viability by 16% when induced by PM particles. According to RNA-Sequencing, western blotting, and real-time qPCR are conducted to analyze the metabolic pathway. The WA reduces the protein ratio in p-NF-κB/NF-κB by 18% and decreases the expression of inflammatory genes, including IL-1β by 38%, IL-6 by 29%, and TNF-α by 19%. Finally, the identification of seven types of anti-inflammatory compounds in the WA fraction is achieved through UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-Elite-MS/MS analysis. These compounds include anti-inflammatory compounds, namely thiamine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, pipecolic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, acetyl-L-carnitine, D-mannitol, and L-malic acid. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that the WA has the potential to alleviate the PM -induced damage in alveolar macrophages, demonstrating its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Che Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ci Hung
- Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kodi T, Sankhe R, Gopinathan A, Nandakumar K, Kishore A. New Insights on NLRP3 Inflammasome: Mechanisms of Activation, Inhibition, and Epigenetic Regulation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:7. [PMID: 38421496 PMCID: PMC10904444 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are important modulators of inflammation. Dysregulation of inflammasomes can enhance vulnerability to conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and metabolic disorders. Among various inflammasomes, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is the best-characterized inflammasome related to inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. NLRP3 is an intracellular sensor that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated patterns resulting in the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome includes sensor NLRP3, adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and effector cysteine protease procaspase-1 that plays an imperative role in caspase-1 stimulation which further initiates a secondary inflammatory response. Regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome ameliorates NLRP3-mediated diseases. Much effort has been invested in studying the activation, and exploration of specific inhibitors and epigenetic mechanisms controlling NLRP3 inflammasome. This review gives an overview of the established NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, its brief molecular mechanistic activations as well as a current update on specific and non-specific NLRP3 inhibitors that could be used in NLRP3-mediated diseases. We also focused on the recently discovered epigenetic mechanisms mediated by DNA methylation, histone alterations, and microRNAs in regulating the activation and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome, which has resulted in a novel method of gaining insight into the mechanisms that modulate NLRP3 inflammasome activity and introducing potential therapeutic strategies for CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triveni Kodi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Adarsh Gopinathan
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Benedicto VL, Haguar Z, Abdulhasan A, Narayanaswami V. Apolipoprotein E3 Containing Nanodiscs as Vehicles for Transport and Targeted Delivery of Flavonoid Luteolin. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2988-2999. [PMID: 38250386 PMCID: PMC10795050 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Luteolin is a flavonoid that possesses multiple beneficial biological properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that luteolin can be transported across a cell via a nanodisc delivery system and delivered to intracellular sites. Luteolin was incorporated into reconstituted high-density lipoprotein complexes made up of apolipoprotein E3 (apoE3) N-terminal domain (apoE3NT) and 1,2-dimystrioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. ApoE3NT confers the ability on nanodiscs to traverse the plasma membrane via low-density lipoprotein receptor or scavenger receptor-B1. Physicochemical characterization revealed that the nanodiscs were 17-22 nm in diameter as demonstrated by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and dynamic lightering analysis and ∼660 kDa in size, with a luteolin content of ∼4 luteolin molecules/nanodisc. Luteolin appeared to be embedded in the nonpolar core of nanodiscs, as revealed by fluorescence quenching and polarization analysis and spectroscopic characterization. The presence of luteolin did not affect the ability of apoE3NT to mediate binding and cellular uptake of luteolin containing nanodiscs in macrophages, as inferred from immunofluorescence analysis that revealed apoE- and lipid-related fluorescence as punctate perinuclear vesicles and from flow cytometry studies. Lastly, luteolin appeared to be localized in the nucleus, having escaped the lysosomes following disassembly of the nanodiscs as suggested by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy analyses. Taken together, nanodiscs offer the potential to effectively transport luteolin and potentially therapeutic drugs into perinuclear sites in cells, where they can be available to enter the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahraa Haguar
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Abbas Abdulhasan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, California State University,
Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
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Choi W, Wu Y, Li Y, Dong J. Network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking analysis reveal the mechanism of modified Bushen Yiqi formulas on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3607. [PMID: 37795773 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of the modified Bushen Yiqi formula (MBYF) in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS First, the active ingredients and corresponding targets in MBYF were mined through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. Subsequently, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, DrugBank, and GeneCard were used to screen COPD-related targets. Cytoscape was used to construct a network of candidate components of MBYF in COPD treatment. The overlapping targets of COPD and MBYF were used to treat COPD, and then CytoHubba and CytoNAC plug-ins in Cytoscape were used for topology analysis to build the core network. In addition, core targets were used for Gene Ontology analysis and enrichment analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Finally, AutoDock Vina software was used to conduct a molecular docking study on the core active ingredients and core targets to verify the above network pharmacological analysis. RESULTS Seventy-nine active components of MBYF were screened and 261 corresponding targets were found. At the same time, 1307 related targets corresponding to COPD were screened and 111 overlapping targets were matched. By bioinformatics analysis, 10 core targets were identified, and subsequently, enrichment analysis revealed 385 BP, two CC, eight MF and 78 related signaling pathways. The binding of the core active components in MBYF to the core target was further verified by molecular docking, and all showed good binding. CONCLUSIONS The active components of MBYF, such as quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and baicalein, may be the material basis for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They affect the expression of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors, protein phosphorylation, and smooth muscle hyperplasia through tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-17, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B and other signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenglam Choi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueren Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Qi S, He B, Wang H, Duan Y, Wang L, Gao Y, Guo M. A Muti-Substrate Flavonol O-glucosyltransferases from Safflower. Molecules 2023; 28:7613. [PMID: 38005335 PMCID: PMC10674463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the complete biosynthesis process of flavonoid glycosides in safflower, specifically the key glycosyltransferase that might be involved, as well as to develop an efficient biocatalyst to synthesize flavonoid glycosides, a glycosyltransferase CtUGT4, with flavonoid-O-glycosyltransferase activity, was identified in safflower. The fusion protein of CtUGT4 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the target protein was purified. The recombinant protein can catalyze quercetin to form quercetin-7-O-glucoside, and kaempferol to form kaempferol-3-O in vitro, and a series of flavones, flavonols, dihydroflavones, chalcones, and chalcone glycosides were used as substrates to generate new products. CtUGT4 was expressed in the tobacco transient expression system, and the enzyme activity results showed that it could catalyze kaempferol to kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin to quercetin-3-O-glucoside. After overexpressing CtUGT4 in safflower, the content of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside in the safflower florets increased significantly, and the content of quercetin-3-O-glucoside also tended to increase, which preliminarily confirmed the function of CtUGT4 flavonoid-O-glycosyltransferase. This work demonstrated the flavonoid-O-glycosyltransferase function of safflower CtUGT4 and showed differences in the affinity for different flavonoid substrates and the regioselectivity of catalytic sites in safflower, both in vivo and in vitro, providing clues for further research regarding the function of UGT genes, as well as new ideas for the cultivation engineering of the directional improvement of effective metabolites in safflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Qi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Beixuan He
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yaqian Duan
- Chemistry Experimental Teaching Center, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Lunuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meili Guo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
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Hussain MS, Gupta G, Goyal A, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Fuloria S, Meenakshi DU, Jakhmola V, Pandey M, Singh SK, Dua K. From nature to therapy: Luteolin's potential as an immune system modulator in inflammatory disorders. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23482. [PMID: 37530602 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential immune response that helps fight infections and heal tissues. However, chronic inflammation has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. This has increased interest in finding natural substances that can modulate the immune system inflammatory signaling pathways to prevent or treat these diseases. Luteolin is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects by altering signaling pathways in immune cells. This review article discusses the current research on luteolin's role as a natural immune system modulator of inflammatory signaling mechanisms, such as its effects on nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and inflammasome signaling processes. The safety profile of luteolin and its potential therapeutic uses in conditions linked to inflammation are also discussed. Overall, the data point to Luteolin's intriguing potential as a natural regulator of immune system inflammatory signaling processes. More research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
- Center for Global Health research (CGHR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Vikas Jakhmola
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Noor G, Badruddeen, Akhtar J, Singh B, Ahmad M, Khan MI. An outlook on the target-based molecular mechanism of phytoconstituents as immunomodulators. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5058-5079. [PMID: 37528656 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is one of the essential defense mechanisms. Immune system inadequacy increases the risk of infections and cancer diseases, whereas over-activation of the immune system causes allergies or autoimmune disorders. Immunomodulators have been used in the treatment of immune-related diseases. There is growing interest in using herbal medicines as multicomponent agents to modulate the complex immune system in immune-related diseases. Many therapeutic phytochemicals showed immunomodulatory effects by various mechanisms. This mechanism includes stimulation of lymphoid cell, phagocytosis, macrophage, and cellular immune function enhancement. In addition increased antigen-specific immunoglobulin production, total white cell count, and inhibition of TNF-α, IFN-γ, NF-kB, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and other cytokines that influenced the immune system. This review aims to overview, widely investigated plant-derived phytoconstituents by targeting cells to modulate cellular and humoral immunity in in vivo and in vitro. However, further high-quality research is needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of plant-based immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazala Noor
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Badruddeen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Juber Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhuwanendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, S.D. College of Pharmacy and Vocational Studies, Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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10
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Souza HCA, Souza MDA, Sousa CS, Viana EKA, Alves SKS, Marques AO, Ribeiro ASN, de Sousa do Vale V, Islam MT, de Miranda JAL, da Costa Mota M, Rocha JA. Molecular Docking and ADME-TOX Profiling of Moringa oleifera Constituents against SARS-CoV-2. Adv Respir Med 2023; 91:464-485. [PMID: 37987297 PMCID: PMC10660866 DOI: 10.3390/arm91060035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2019) etiological agent, which has a high contagiousness and is to blame for the outbreak of acute viral pneumonia, is the cause of the respiratory disease COVID-19. The use of natural products grew as an alternative treatment for various diseases due to the abundance of organic molecules with pharmacological properties. Many pharmaceutical studies have focused on investigating compounds with therapeutic potential. Therefore, this study aimed to identify potential antiviral compounds from a popular medicinal plant called Moringa oleifera Lam. against the spike, Mpro, ACE2, and RBD targets of SARS-CoV-2. For this, we use molecular docking to identify the molecules with the greatest affinity for the targets through the orientation of the ligand with the receptor in complex. For the best results, ADME-TOX predictions were performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds using the online tool pkCSM. The results demonstrate that among the 61 molecules of M. oleifera, 22 molecules showed promising inhibition results, where the compound ellagic acid showed significant molecular affinity (-9.3 kcal.mol-1) in interaction with the spike protein. These results highlight the relevance of investigating natural compounds from M. oleifera as potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2; however, additional studies are needed to confirm the antiviral activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Cris Araújo Souza
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Maycon Douglas Araújo Souza
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Cássio Silva Sousa
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Edilanne Katrine Amparo Viana
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Sabrina Kelly Silva Alves
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Alex Oliveira Marques
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Arthur Serejo Neves Ribeiro
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Vanessa de Sousa do Vale
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - João Antônio Leal de Miranda
- Department of Medicine, Senador Helvidio Nunes de Barros Center, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Picos 64607-670, PI, Brazil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Mota
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Research Group—QUIMEBIO, São Bernardo Science Center, Federal University of Maranhão UFMA, São Bernardo 65080-805, MA, Brazil; (H.C.A.S.); (M.D.A.S.); (C.S.S.); (E.K.A.V.); (S.K.S.A.); (A.O.M.); (A.S.N.R.); (V.d.S.d.V.); (M.d.C.M.); (J.A.R.)
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11
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Pratelli G, Tamburini B, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, D’Anneo A, Emanuele S, Notaro A, Affranchi F, Giuliano M, Seidita A, Lauricella M, Di Liberto D. Foodomics-Based Approaches Shed Light on the Potential Protective Effects of Polyphenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14619. [PMID: 37834065 PMCID: PMC10572570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and progressive inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GT) caused by a wide range of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation and decreased gut microbial diversity, dysbiosis, with a lower number of beneficial bacteria and a concomitant increase in pathogenic species. It is well known that dysbiosis is closely related to the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress, the latter caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular antioxidant capacity, leading to cellular ROS accumulation. ROS are responsible for intestinal epithelium oxidative damage and the increased intestinal permeability found in IBD patients, and their reduction could represent a potential therapeutic strategy to limit IBD progression and alleviate its symptoms. Recent evidence has highlighted that dietary polyphenols, the natural antioxidants, can maintain redox equilibrium in the GT, preventing gut dysbiosis, intestinal epithelium damage, and radical inflammatory responses. Here, we suggest that the relatively new foodomics approaches, together with new technologies for promoting the antioxidative properties of dietary polyphenols, including novel delivery systems, chemical modifications, and combination strategies, may provide critical insights to determine the clinical value of polyphenols for IBD therapy and a comprehensive perspective for implementing natural antioxidants as potential IBD candidate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pratelli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry (DiFC) Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Antonietta Notaro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Affranchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.B.); (A.D.); (A.N.); (F.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (B.T.); (D.C.); (S.E.)
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12
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Vizzarri V, Ienco A, Benincasa C, Perri E, Pucci N, Cesari E, Novellis C, Rizzo P, Pellegrino M, Zaffina F, Lombardo L. Phenolic Extract from Olive Leaves as a Promising Endotherapeutic Treatment against Xylella fastidiosa in Naturally Infected Olea europaea (var. europaea) Trees. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1141. [PMID: 37627025 PMCID: PMC10452569 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Since 2013, the pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa has been severely affecting olive production in Apulia, Italy, with consequences for the economy, local culture, landscape and biodiversity. The production of a phenolic extract from fresh olive leaves was employed for endotherapeutic injection into naturally infected olive trees by Xylella fastidiosa in Apulia region, Italy. (2) Methods: The effectiveness of the extract was tested in vitro and in planta in comparison with analogous treatments based on garlic powder and potassium phosphite. (3) Results: The uptake of phenolic compounds from olive leaves through a trunk injection system device resulted in a statistically significant increase in leaf area index and leaf area density, as well as in the growth of newly formed healthy shoots. Plant growth-promoting effects were also observed for potassium phosphite. Moreover, the bacteriostatic activities of the phenolic extract and of the garlic-powder-based solution have been demonstrated in in vitro tests. (4) Conclusions: The results obtained and the contained costs of extraction make the endotherapeutic treatment with phenolic compounds a promising strategy for controlling X fastidiosa to be tested on a larger scale, although the experiments conducted in this study proved not to be suitable for centenary trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vizzarri
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Annamaria Ienco
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Cinzia Benincasa
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Enzo Perri
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Nicoletta Pucci
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 00156 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Erica Cesari
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, 00156 Rome, Italy; (N.P.); (E.C.)
| | - Carmine Novellis
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Pierluigi Rizzo
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Massimiliano Pellegrino
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francesco Zaffina
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
| | - Luca Lombardo
- CREA Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 87036 Rende, Italy; (V.V.); (A.I.); (C.B.); (E.P.); (C.N.); (P.R.); (M.P.); (F.Z.)
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13
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Jamieson PE, Carbonero F, Stevens JF. Dietary (poly)phenols mitigate inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical observations. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100521. [PMID: 37266414 PMCID: PMC10230173 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are a rapidly growing public health concern worldwide. These diseases are heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, and microbial level, but characteristically involve a disrupted immune-microbiome axis. Shortcomings in conventional treatment options warrant the need for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate these life-long and relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Polyphenols, a diverse group of phytochemicals, have gained attention as candidate treatments due to their array of biological effects. Polyphenols exert broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors important in IBD progression. Polyphenols also bidirectionally modulate the gut microbiome, supporting commensals and inhibiting pathogens. One of the primary means by which gut microbiota interface with the host is through the production of metabolites, which are small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of metabolism. There is growing evidence to support that modulation of the gut microbiome by polyphenols restores microbially derived metabolites critical to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis that are adversely disrupted in IBD. This review aims to define the therapeutic targets of polyphenols that may be important for mitigation of IBD symptoms, as well as to collate evidence for their clinical use from randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Jamieson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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14
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Prasad S, Kumar V, Singh C, Singh A. Crosstalk between phytochemicals and inflammatory signaling pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:1117-1147. [PMID: 37022574 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel bioactive constituents from natural sources are actively being investigated. The phytochemicals in these phenolic compounds are believed to have a variety of beneficial effects on human health. Several phenolic compounds have been found in plants. The antioxidant potential of phenols has been discussed in numerous studies along with their anti-inflammatory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine, inducible cyclooxygenase-2, and nitric oxide synthase. Through current study, an attempt is made to outline and highlight a wide variety of inflammation-associated signaling pathways that have been modified by several natural compounds. These signaling pathways include nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-кB), activator protein (AP)-1, protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factors, tyrosine phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In light of the influence of natural substances on signaling pathways, their impact on the production of inflammatory mediator is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonima Prasad
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
- Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
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15
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Application Potential of Luteolin in the Treatment of Viral Pneumonia. J Food Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1810503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the Review. This study aims to summarize the therapeutic effect of luteolin on the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia, explore its absorption and metabolism in the human body, evaluate the possibility of luteolin as a drug to treat viral pneumonia, and provide a reference for future research. Materials and Methods. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Google Scholar and collected research on luteolin in the treatment of viral pneumonia and related diseases since 2003. Then, we summarized the efficacy and potential of luteolin in directly inhibiting viral activity, limiting inflammatory storms, reducing pulmonary inflammation, and treating pneumonia complications. Results and Conclusion. Luteolin has the potential to treat viral pneumonia in multiple ways. Luteolin has a direct inhibitory effect on coronavirus, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Luteolin can alleviate the inflammatory factor storm induced by multiple factors by inhibiting the function of macrophages or mast cells. Luteolin can reduce pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary fibrosis induced by multiple factors. In addition, viral pneumonia may cause multisystem complications, while luteolin has extensive protective effects on the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. However, due to the first-pass metabolism mediated by phase II enzymes, the bioavailability of oral luteolin is low. The bioavailability of luteolin can be improved, and its potential value can be further developed by changing the dosage form or route of administration.
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16
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Xiong HH, Lin SY, Chen LL, Ouyang KH, Wang WJ. The Interaction between Flavonoids and Intestinal Microbes: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020320. [PMID: 36673411 PMCID: PMC9857828 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research on the interaction between flavonoids and intestinal microbes have prompted a rash of food science, nutriology and biomedicine, complying with future research trends. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and human health, but once the intestinal flora dysregulation occurs, it may contribute to various diseases. Flavonoids have shown a variety of physiological activities, and are metabolized or biotransformed by gut microbiota, thereby producing new metabolites that promote human health by modulating the composition and structure of intestinal flora. Herein, this review demonstrates the key notion of flavonoids as well as intestinal microbiota and dysbiosis, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding about how flavonoids regulate the diseases by gut microbiota. Emphasis is placed on the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction that affects the metabolic fate of flavonoids and their metabolites, thereby influencing their metabolic mechanism, biotransformation, bioavailability and bioactivity. Potentially by focusing on the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota as well as their metabolites such as bile acids, we discuss the influence mechanism of flavonoids on intestinal microbiota by protecting the intestinal barrier function and immune system. Additionally, the microbiota-flavonoid bidirectional interaction plays a crucial role in regulating various diseases. We explain the underlying regulation mechanism of several typical diseases including gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, diabetes and cancer, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and guideline for the promotion of gastrointestinal health as well as the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Su-Yun Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ling-Li Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ke-Hui Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-83813655
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17
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Wu K, Liu X, Meng X, Cao L, Li H, Bi Y, Wang M, Wang M, Jiang Y. Sauchinone alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis via NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1/NF-kB pathway and gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1084257. [PMID: 36699607 PMCID: PMC9868758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1084257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the effects of sauchinone on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice model and investigated the underlying mechanisms of the downstream pathway and gut microbiota. Methods The UC mice model was induced by DSS. The disease phenotypes were determined through pathological symptoms (body weight and disease activity index score), inflammation markers (histological and inflammatory factor detections), and colonic mucosal barrier damage (detection of tight junction proteins). The level of the NF-κB pathway was detected through marker proteins. Database and bioinformatics analyses were used to predict sauchinone-mediated downstream molecules that were previously identified by expression analysis. Mouse feces were collected to detect the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results In DSS-induced UC mice, sauchinone alleviated pathological symptoms, inhibited inflammation, and prevented mucosal barrier damage. Sauchinone further inhibited the NF-κB pathway by upregulating NAD (P) H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) in DSS-induced UC mice. Moreover, sauchinone regulated the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in mice, stimulating the growth of Firmicutes and inhibiting the growth of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Conclusion Therefore, sauchinone exerted therapeutic effects on UC in mice by regulating the NQO1/NF-κB pathway and altering the gut microbiota. This provides a theoretical basis for developing sauchinone as a therapeutic agent and extends our understanding of its bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xianglong Meng
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingling Cao
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingxin Bi
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Yang Jiang, ✉
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Popova V, Ivanova T, Stoyanova M, Mazova N, Dimitrova-Dyulgerova I, Stoyanova A, Ercisli S, Assouguem A, Kara M, Topcu H, Farah A, Elossaily GM, Shahat AA, Shazly GA. Phytochemical analysis of leaves and stems of Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae). OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Physalis alkekengi L. (Solanaceae) is encountered in different regions of Bulgaria as a wild growing or ornamental plant. The objective of this work was to characterize the phytochemical composition (macro and micro components) of the leaves and stems of two local phenotypes (PA-SB and PA-NB), with the view of revealing their use potential. The dry leaves contained (DW) protein (16.25 and 19.27%), cellulose (25.16 and 25.31%), and ash (18.28 and 16.16%) and the stems contained protein (6.83 and 7.35%), cellulose (39.34 and 38.25%), and ash (15.01 and 7.48%) for PA-SB and PA-NB, respectively. The dominant amino acids (by HPLC) in the leaves of both phenotypes were arginine (21.3–22.3 mg/g) and aspartic acid (8.8–18.4 mg/g), and those in the stems were proline and aspartic acid for PA-SB (8.8, 7.7 mg/g); isoleucine and tyrosine for PA-NB (12.8, 6.6 mg/g). Mineral elements, determined by AAS (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cr), also varied between phenotypes and plant parts. The leaves alone were further processed by extraction with n-hexane, for the identification of leaf volatiles (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The analysis identified 28 components (97.99%) in the leaf extract of PA-SB and 32 components (97.50%) in that of PA-NB. The volatile profile of PA-SB leaves was dominated by diterpenes (49.96%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (35.61%), while that of PA-NB was dominated by oxygenated aliphatics (40.01%) and diterpenes (35.19%). To the best of our knowledge, the study provides the first data about the phytochemical composition of the leaves and stems of P. alkekengi from Bulgaria, in a direct comparison of phenotypes from two distinct wild populations, which could be of further scientific interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Stoyanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Mazova
- Department of Engineering Ecology, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski” , 24 Tzar Assen Str ., 4000 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies , 4002 Plovdiv , Bulgaria
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University , 25240 Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Amine Assouguem
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University , Imouzzer Street , Fez P.O. Box 2202 , Morocco
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University , Imouzzer Street , Fez P.O. Box 2202 , Morocco
| | - Mohammed Kara
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Natural Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University , Fez 30000 , Morocco
| | - Hayat Topcu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University , 59030 Tekirdag , Turkey
| | - Abdellah Farah
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University , Imouzzer Street , Fez P.O. Box 2202 , Morocco
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University , P.O. Box 71666 , Riyadh 11597 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy (Medicinal, Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2457 , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre , 33 EI-Bohouth st , Dokki , Giza 12622 , Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , P.O. Box 2457 , Riyadh 11451 , Saudi Arabia
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Anwar S, Malik JA, Ahmed S, Kameshwar VA, Alanazi J, Alamri A, Ahemad N. Can Natural Products Targeting EMT Serve as the Future Anticancer Therapeutics? MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227668. [PMID: 36431766 PMCID: PMC9698579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death and has remained a big challenge for the scientific community. Because of the growing concerns, new therapeutic regimens are highly demanded to decrease the global burden. Despite advancements in chemotherapy, drug resistance is still a major hurdle to successful treatment. The primary challenge should be identifying and developing appropriate therapeutics for cancer patients to improve their survival. Multiple pathways are dysregulated in cancers, including disturbance in cellular metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, or epigenetic alterations. Over the last two decades, natural products have been a major research interest due to their therapeutic potential in various ailments. Natural compounds seem to be an alternative option for cancer management. Natural substances derived from plants and marine sources have been shown to have anti-cancer activity in preclinical settings. They might be proved as a sword to kill cancerous cells. The present review attempted to consolidate the available information on natural compounds derived from plants and marine sources and their anti-cancer potential underlying EMT mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit and Personalized Treatment, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Verma Abhishek Kameshwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 641112, Kerala, India
| | - Jowaher Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit and Personalized Treatment, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit and Personalized Treatment, University of Hail, Hail 81422, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor DE, Malaysia
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Liang L, Li C, Wang Y, Yue Y, Zhang H, Yang M, Cao X, Zhao M, Du J, Peng M, Chen Y, Li W, Xia T, Zhong R, Shu Z. Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino: A review of the pharmacognosy, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, quality control, and applications. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154328. [PMID: 35908519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (PAF) (Chinese name Jin-Deng-Long) from the Solanaceae family is a traditional Chinese medicine with various pharmacological effects, such as removing heat, detoxification, improving throat conditions, removing phlegm, and ameliorating diuresis. PURPOSE This paper reviews the existing literature and patents and puts forward some suggestions for future PAF research. METHODS Using the PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, we performed comprehensive search of literature and patents published before April 2022 on PAF and its active ingredients. RESULTS We comprehensively reviewed the research progress of PAF from aspects of the traditional application, botany, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and toxicology, and first discussed quality control and modern applications, which have not been explored in previous reviews. Thereafter, we reviewed the limitations of pharmacological mechanism and quality control studies and proposed appropriate solutions, which is of great practical significance to subsequent studies. CONCLUSION In this review, we present a comprehensive overview on PAF, and put forward new insights on studies regarding quality control, material basis, and mechanisms in classical prescription, providing theoretical guidance for the clinical application and development of Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyuan Liang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanqiu Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yimin Yue
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Mengru Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mantong Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jieyong Du
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingming Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianyi Xia
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Renxing Zhong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zunpeng Shu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; Guangdong Andao Medical Instrument Co, Ltd, Foshan 528399, China.
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Potential Role of Polyphenolic Flavonoids as Senotherapeutic Agents in Degenerative Diseases and Geroprotection. Pharmaceut Med 2022; 36:331-352. [PMID: 36100824 PMCID: PMC9470070 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-022-00444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
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22
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Popova V, Petkova Z, Mazova N, Ivanova T, Petkova N, Stoyanova M, Stoyanova A, Ercisli S, Okcu Z, Skrovankova S, Mlcek J. Chemical Composition Assessment of Structural Parts (Seeds, Peel, Pulp) of Physalis alkekengi L. Fruits. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185787. [PMID: 36144521 PMCID: PMC9501157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been an extensive search for nature-based products with functional potential. All structural parts of Physalis alkekengi (bladder cherry), including fruits, pulp, and less-explored parts, such as seeds and peel, can be considered sources of functional macro- and micronutrients, bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietetic fiber. The chemical composition of all fruit structural parts (seeds, peel, and pulp) of two phenotypes of P. alkekengi were studied. The seeds were found to be a rich source of oil, yielding 14–17%, with abundant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (over 88%) and tocopherols, or vitamin E (up to 5378 mg/kg dw; dry weight). The predominant fatty acid in the seed oils was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid. The seeds contained most of the fruit’s protein (16–19% dw) and fiber (6–8% dw). The peel oil differed significantly from the seed oil in fatty acid and tocopherol composition. Seed cakes, the waste after oil extraction, contained arginine and aspartic acid as the main amino acids; valine, phenylalanine, threonine, and isoleucine were present in slightly higher amounts than the other essential amino acids. They were also rich in key minerals, such as K, Mg, Fe, and Zn. From the peel and pulp fractions were extracted fruit concretes, aromatic products with specific fragrance profiles, of which volatile compositions (GC-MS) were identified. The major volatiles in peel and pulp concretes were β-linalool, α-pinene, and γ-terpinene. The results from the investigation substantiated the potential of all the studied fruit structures as new sources of bioactive compounds that could be used as prospective sources in human and animal nutrition, while the aroma-active compounds in the concretes supported the plant’s potential in perfumery and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venelina Popova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhana Petkova
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Mazova
- Department of Engineering Ecology, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Petkova
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Stoyanova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Okcu
- Department of Gastronomy, Faculty of Tourism, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sona Skrovankova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-57603-1524
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 76001 Zlin, Czech Republic
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Feng S, Yuan J, Zhao D, Li R, Liu X, Tian Y, Li J. Systematic characterization of the effective constituents and molecular mechanisms of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba using UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS and network pharmacology. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269087. [PMID: 35704651 PMCID: PMC9200335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ardisiae Japonicae Herba (AJH), the dried whole herb of Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Blume [Primulaceae], has been used in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China. However, the material basis and molecular mechanisms of AJH against COPD remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to establish a systematic approach to elucidate the material basis and molecular mechanisms through compound identification, network analysis, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Methods Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS) was used to characterize the chemical compounds of AJH. The SwissTargetPrediction, String and Metascape databases were selected for network pharmacology analysis, including target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct a component-target-pathway network to screen out the main active compounds. Autodock Vina software was used to verify the affinity between the key compounds and targets. TNF-α-stimulated A549 cell inflammation model was built to further verify the anti-inflammatory effects of active compounds. Results Altogether, 236 compounds were identified in AJH, including 33 flavonoids, 21 Phenylpropanoids, 46 terpenes, 7 quinones, 27 steroids, 71 carboxylic acids and 31 other compounds. Among them, 41 compounds were selected as the key active constituents, which might exhibit therapeutic effects against COPD by modulating 65 corresponding targets primarily involved in inflammation/metabolism/immune-related pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that the key compounds could spontaneously bind to the receptor proteins with a strong binding ability. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effects of the three active compounds were validated with the decreased levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in TNF-α-induced A549 cells model. Conclusion This study clarified that AJH may exert therapeutic actions for COPD via regulating inflammation/immune/metabolism-related pathways using UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS technology combined with network pharmacology for the first time. This study had a deeper exploration of the chemical components and pharmacological activities in AJH, which provided a reference for the further study and clinical application of AJH in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxiang Feng
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- * E-mail: (SF); (JL)
| | - Jie Yuan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuefang Liu
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases co-constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- * E-mail: (SF); (JL)
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Blevins HM, Xu Y, Biby S, Zhang S. The NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway: A Review of Mechanisms and Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:879021. [PMID: 35754962 PMCID: PMC9226403 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.879021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that plays a pivotal role in regulating the innate immune system and inflammatory signaling. Upon activation by PAMPs and DAMPs, NLRP3 oligomerizes and activates caspase-1 which initiates the processing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 is the most extensively studied inflammasome to date due to its array of activators and aberrant activation in several inflammatory diseases. Studies using small molecules and biologics targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway have shown positive outcomes in treating various disease pathologies by blocking chronic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the NLRP3 mechanism, its role in disease pathology, and provide a broad review of therapeutics discovered to target the NLRP3 pathway and their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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Patangrao Renushe A, Kumar Banothu A, Kumar Bharani K, Mekala L, Mahesh Kumar J, Neeradi D, Durga Veera Hanuman D, Gadige A, Khurana A. Vincamine, an active constituent of Vinca rosea ameliorates experimentally induced acute lung injury in Swiss albino mice through modulation of Nrf-2/NF-κB signaling cascade. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108773. [PMID: 35453074 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the leading pulmonary inflammatory disorders causing significant morbidity and mortality. Vincamine is a novel phytochemical with promising anti-inflammatory properties. In the current work, the protective effect of vincamine was studied in vitro (Raw 264.7 macrophages) and in vivo against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI in Swiss albino mice. Vincamine significantly reduced nitrite and TNF-α release from the LPS stimulated macrophages and increased the levels of IL-10, indicating potent anti-inflammatory effects. It was observed that vincamine at the dose of 40 mg/kg, significantly reduced LPS induced inflammatory cell count in blood and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Further, vincamine exerted potent suppression of inflammation by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, while significantly increased (p < 0.001) the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10 and IL-22). Interestingly, histological changes were reversed in vincamine treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly enhanced expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and COX-2 while reduced expression of Nrf-2 in disease control group, which were significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated by vincamine. We, to the best of our knowledge, report for the first time that vincamine possesses protective potential against LPS induced inflammation and oxidative stress, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB cascade, while positively regulating the Nrf-2 pathway. These findings are of potential relevance for COVID-19 management concerning the fact that lung injury and ARDS are its critical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshata Patangrao Renushe
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Banothu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India.
| | - Kala Kumar Bharani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Warangal - 506166, Telangana, India
| | - Lakshman Mekala
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Hyderabad - 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Dinesh Neeradi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Donga Durga Veera Hanuman
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Ambica Gadige
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad - 500030, Telangana, India; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), PVNRTVU, Warangal - 506166, Telangana, India; Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CBME), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016, India.
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Li T, Fu X, Liu B, Wang X, Li J, Zhu P, Niu X, Bai J, Liu Y, Lu X, Yu ZL. Luteolin binds Src, promotes STAT3 protein ubiquitination and exerts anti-melanoma effects in cell and mouse models. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115044. [PMID: 35460630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been proposed as a target for melanoma prevention. Luteolin, a bioactive flavonoid abundant inmedicinal herbs, has been reported to have anti-melanoma activity in vitro. However, its in vivo anti-melanoma effects and underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, ten cell lines and two mouse models (B16F10 allograft and A375 xenograft models) were used for assessing the in vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma effects of luteolin. A STAT3 over-activated stable A375 cell line was used to determine the contribution of STAT3 signaling in luteolin's anti-melanoma effects. Results showed that luteolin dose-dependently reduced viability of melanoma cells. Luteolin also induced apoptosis in, and suppressed migration and invasion of, A375 and B16F10 melanoma cells. Mechanistically, luteolin inhibited phosphorylation of STAT3 and Src (an upstream kinase of STAT3), accelerated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway-mediated STAT3 degradation, and downregulated the expression of STAT3-targeted genes involved in cell survival and invasion in melanoma cells. Molecular modelling and surface plasmon resonance imaging showed that luteolin stably bound to the protein kinase domain of Src. Animal studies demonstrated that prophylactic administration of luteolin restrained melanoma growth and Src/STAT3 signaling in both A375 and B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice. Moreover, luteolin's anti-melanoma effects were diminished by STAT3 over-activation in A375 cells. Our findings indicate that luteolin inhibits STAT3 signaling by suppressing STAT3 activation and promoting STAT3 protein degradation in melanoma cells, thereby exhibiting anti-melanoma effects. This study provides further pharmacological groundwork for developing luteolin as a chemopreventive agent against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junkui Li
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peili Zhu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaodi Niu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingxuan Bai
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinshan Lu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Mohi-ud-din R, Mir RH, Wani TU, Alsharif KF, Alam W, Albrakati A, Saso L, Khan H. The Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cancer: Special Focuses on Luteolin Patents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082471. [PMID: 35458669 PMCID: PMC9031790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem across the globe, and is expeditiously growing at a faster rate worldwide. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous cell organelle having inextricable links in cellular homeostasis. Altering ER homeostasis initiates various signaling events known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). The basic purpose of the UPR is to reinstate the homeostasis; however, a continuous UPR can stimulate pathways of cell death, such as apoptosis. As a result, there is great perturbation to target particular signaling pathways of ER stress. Flavonoids have gained significant interest as a potential anticancer agent because of their considerable role in causing cytotoxicity of the cancerous cells. Luteolin, a flavonoid isolated from natural products, is a promising phytochemical used in the treatment of cancer. The current study is designed to review the different endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways involved in the cancer, mechanistic insights of luteolin as an anticancer agent in modulating ER stress, and the available luteolin patent formulations were also highlighted. The patents were selected on the basis of pre-clinical and/or clinical trials, and established antitumor effects using patent databases of FPO IP and Espacenet. The patented formulation of luteolin studied so far has shown promising anticancer potential against different cancer cell lines. However, further research is still required to determine the molecular targets of such bioactive molecules so that they can be used as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-ud-din
- Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India
- Correspondence: (R.M.-u.-d.); (H.K.)
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India;
| | - Taha Umair Wani
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India;
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, 00158 Rome, Italy;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (R.M.-u.-d.); (H.K.)
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Almahayni K, Spiekermann M, Fiore A, Yu G, Pedram K, Möckl L. Small molecule inhibitors of mammalian glycosylation. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 16:100108. [PMID: 36467541 PMCID: PMC9713294 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the fundamental biopolymers encountered in living systems. Compared to polynucleotide and polypeptide biosynthesis, polysaccharide biosynthesis is a uniquely combinatorial process to which interdependent enzymes with seemingly broad specificities contribute. The resulting intracellular cell surface, and secreted glycans play key roles in health and disease, from embryogenesis to cancer progression. The study and modulation of glycans in cell and organismal biology is aided by small molecule inhibitors of the enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this review, we survey the arsenal of currently available inhibitors, focusing on agents which have been independently validated in diverse systems. We highlight the utility of these inhibitors and drawbacks to their use, emphasizing the need for innovation for basic research as well as for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Almahayni
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malte Spiekermann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonio Fiore
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA,Corresponding authors.
| | - Leonhard Möckl
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany,Corresponding authors.
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Sivakumar PM, Prabhakar PK, Cetinel S, R N, Prabhawathi V. Molecular Insights on the Therapeutic Effect of Selected Flavonoids on Diabetic Neuropathy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1828-1846. [PMID: 35264089 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220309140855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the common clinical complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy affecting the nervous system. Painful diabetic neuropathy is widespread and highly prevalent. At least 50% of diabetes patients develop diabetic neuropathy eventually. The four main types of diabetic neuropathy are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy), and mononeuropathy (Focal neuropathy). Glucose control remains the common therapy for diabetic neuropathy due to limited knowledge on early biomarkers that are expressed during nerve damage, thereby limiting the cure through pharmacotherapy. Glucose control dramatically reduces the onset of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes but proves less effective in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the focus is on various herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. There is numerous research on the use of anticonvulsants and antidepressants for the management of pain in diabetic neuropathy. Extensive research is being done on natural products including the isolation of pure compounds like flavonoids from plants and their effect on diabetic neuropathy. This review focuses on the use of an important of flavonoids such as flavanols (e.g., quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringenin and c,lass eriodictyol), and flavones (e.g., apigenin, luteolin, tangeretin, chrysin, and diosmin) for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids against diabetic neuropathy by their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-glycation properties, etc. are also covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Neelakandan R
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veluchamy Prabhawathi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
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In Silico and In Vitro Identification of Pan-Coronaviral Main Protease Inhibitors from a Large Natural Product Library. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030308. [PMID: 35337106 PMCID: PMC8952009 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) in coronaviruses represents a promising specific drug target as it is essential for the cleavage of the virus polypeptide and has a unique cleavage site that does not exist in human host proteases. In this study, we explored potential natural pan-coronavirus drugs using in vitro and in silico approaches and three coronavirus main proteases as treatment targets. The PyRx program was used to screen 39,442 natural-product-like compounds from the ZINC database and 121 preselected phytochemicals from medicinal plants with known antiviral activity. After assessment with Lipinski’s rule of five, molecular docking was performed for the top 33 compounds of both libraries. Enzymatic assays were applied for the top candidates from both in silico approaches to test their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The four compounds (hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin) that most efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in vitro were further tested for their efficacy in inhibiting Mpro of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis was performed to determine dissociation constant (Kd) values to validate the binding of these active compounds to recombinant Mpro proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. The cytotoxicity of hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin was assessed in human diploid MRC-5 lung fibroblasts using the resazurin cell viability assay to determine their therapeutic indices. Sequence alignment of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated 96.08%, 50.83%, 49.17%, 48.51%, 44.04%, and 41.06% similarity to Mpro of other human-pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E, respectively). Molecular docking showed that 12 out of 121 compounds were bound to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro at the same binding site as the control inhibitor, GC376. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-2, while hypericin and isorhamnetin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-1; hypericin showed inhibitory effects toward Mpro of MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis confirmed the binding of these compounds to Mpro with high affinity. Resazurin assays showed that rosmarinic acid and luteolin were not cytotoxic toward MRC-5 cells, whereas hypericin and isorhamnetin were slightly cytotoxic. We demonstrated that hypericin represents a potential novel pan-anti-coronaviral agent by binding to and inhibiting Mpro of several human-pathogenic coronaviruses. Moreover, isorhamnetin showed inhibitory effects toward SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 Mpro, indicating that this compound may have some pan-coronaviral potential. Luteolin had inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
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Exploration of the Mechanism of Lianhua Qingwen in Treating Influenza Virus Pneumonia and New Coronavirus Pneumonia with the Concept of "Different Diseases with the Same Treatment" Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5536266. [PMID: 35145559 PMCID: PMC8822319 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5536266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The 31 main components of Lianhua Qingwen (LHQW) were obtained through a literature and database search; the components included glycyrrhizic acid, emodin, chlorogenic acid, isophoroside A, forsythia, menthol, luteolin, quercetin, and rutin. Sixty-eight common targets for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) and influenza virus pneumonia (IVP) were also obtained. A "component-target-disease" network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.2.1 software, and 20 key targets, such as cyclooxygenase2 (COX2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), mitogen-activated protein kinase14 (Mapk14), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), were screened from the network. The David database was used to perform a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology (GO) biological process enrichment. Results showed that the key targets of LHQW in the treatment of NCP and IVP mainly involved biological processes, such as immune system process intervention, cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion, toxic metabolism, cytokine activity, and regulation of the synthesis process. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that 115 signalling pathways were related to the treatment of LHQW. Amongst them, IL-17, T cell receptor, Th17 cell differentiation, TNF, toll-like receptor, MAPK, apoptosis, and seven other signalling pathways were closely related to the occurrence and development of NCP and IVP. Molecular docking showed that each component had different degrees of binding with six targets, namely, 3C-like protease (3CL), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), COX2, hemagglutinin (HA), IL-6, and neuraminidase (NA). Rutin, isoforsythiaside A, hesperidin and isochlorogenic acid B were the best components for docking with the six core targets. The first five components with the best docking results were isoforsythiaside, hesperidin, isochlorogenic acid B, forsythin E, and quercetin. In conclusion, LHQW has many components, targets, and pathways. The findings of this work can provide an important theoretical basis for determining the mechanism of LHQW in treating NCP and IVP.
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Omar H, Gao F, Yoo H, Bim O, Garcia C, LePard KJ, Mitchell JC, Agostini-Walesch G, Carrilho MR. Changes to dentin extracellular matrix following treatment with plant-based polyphenols. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 126:105055. [PMID: 34929591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether treatment with plant-based polyphenols (PB-P) affected the biochemical and/or biomechanical properties of dentin extracellular matrix (ECM). Three PB-Ps were evaluated: luteolin (LT), galangin (GL), and proanthocyanidin (PAC). Because dentin ECM requires demineralization before treatment, this study also assessed the effect of these PB-Ps on dentin demineralized by two different chemicals. Dentin samples from extracted third molars were obtained, sectioned, and randomly assigned for demineralization with either phosphoric acid (PA) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Following demineralization, baseline infrared (IR) spectra and apparent elastic modulus (AE) of each specimen were independently acquired. Based upon these initial tests, samples were randomly assigned to one of the PB-P treatments to ensure that distribution of baseline AE was similar across treatment groups. IR and AE specimens were individually immersed in either 0.2% LT, 0.4% GL or 1% PAC for 2 min. IR spectra of treated samples were compared to baseline IR spectra, looking for any interaction of PB-Ps with the demineralized dentin. The IR spectrum and AE of each PB-P-treated specimen were compared with their own correspondent baseline measurement. The ability of PB-Ps to inhibit proteolytic activity of dentin ECM was assessed by the hydroxyproline assay. Finally, the effect of PB-Ps on immediate bond strength of a dental adhesive to PA- or EDTA-etched dentin was also evaluated. PB-Ps exhibited distinctively binding affinity to dentin ECM and promoted significant increase in AE. PB-P treatment reduced the degradation rate of dentin ECM without causing detrimental effect on immediate bond strength to dentin. Our work represents the first-time that LT and GL have been assessed as dentin ECM biomodifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussan Omar
- College of Graduate Studies, Biomedicals Science Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA; College of Pharmacy - Arizona, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Hyemin Yoo
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Odair Bim
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Carolina Garcia
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Kathy J LePard
- College of Graduate Studies, Biomedicals Science Program, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - John C Mitchell
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA; College of Dental Medicine - Arizona, Midwestern University, Glendale, IL, USA
| | | | - Marcela R Carrilho
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
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Banerjee A, Mukherjee S, Maji BK. Coccinia grandis
alleviates flavor‐enhancing high‐lipid diet induced hepatocellular inflammation and apoptosis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14092. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Banerjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG) Serampore College Serampore India
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG) Serampore College Serampore India
| | - Bithin Kumar Maji
- Department of Physiology (UG & PG) Serampore College Serampore India
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KappaBle fluorescent reporter mice enable low-background single-cell detection of NF-κB transcriptional activity in vivo. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:656-667. [PMID: 35589985 PMCID: PMC9259492 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor with a key role in a great variety of cellular processes from embryonic development to immunity, the outcome of which depends on the fine-tuning of NF-κB activity. The development of sensitive and faithful reporter systems to accurately monitor the activation status of this transcription factor is therefore desirable. To address this need, over the years a number of different approaches have been used to generate NF-κB reporter mice, which can be broadly subdivided into bioluminescence- and fluorescence-based systems. While the former enables whole-body visualization of the activation status of NF-κB, the latter have the potential to allow the analysis of NF-κB activity at single-cell level. However, fluorescence-based reporters frequently show poor sensitivity and excessive background or are incompatible with high-throughput flow cytometric analysis. In this work we describe the generation and analysis of ROSA26 knock-in NF-κB reporter (KappaBle) mice containing a destabilized EGFP, which showed sensitive, dynamic, and faithful monitoring of NF-κB transcriptional activity at the single-cell level of various cell types during inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Ali Reza ASM, Nasrin MS, Hossen MA, Rahman MA, Jantan I, Haque MA, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Mechanistic insight into immunomodulatory effects of food-functioned plant secondary metabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:5546-5576. [PMID: 34955042 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2021138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Medicinally important plant-foods offer a balanced immune function, which is essential for protecting the body against antigenic invasion, mainly by microorganisms. Immunomodulators play pivotal roles in supporting immune function either suppressing or stimulating the immune system's response to invading pathogens. Among different immunomodulators, plant-based secondary metabolites have emerged as high potential not only for immune defense but also for cellular immunoresponsiveness. These natural immunomodulators can be developed into safer alternatives to the clinically used immunosuppressants and immunostimulant cytotoxic drugs which possess serious side effects. Many plants of different species have been reported to possess strong immunomodulating properties. The immunomodulatory effects of plant extracts and their bioactive metabolites have been suggested due to their diverse mechanisms of modulation of the complex immune system and their multifarious molecular targets. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, carbohydrates and polyphenols have been reported as responsible for the immunomodulatory effects of several medicinal plants. This review illustrates the potent immunomodulatory effects of 65 plant secondary metabolites, including dietary compounds and their underlying mechanisms of action on cellular and humoral immune functions in in vitro and in vivo studies. The clinical potential of some of the compounds to be used for various immune-related disorders is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S M Ali Reza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Samima Nasrin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amjad Hossen
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim JH, Park TJ, Park JS, Kim MS, Chi WJ, Kim SY. Luteolin-3'- O-Phosphate Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Regulating NF-κB/MAPK Cascade Signaling in RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237393. [PMID: 34885976 PMCID: PMC8659157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin (LT), present in most plants, has potent anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, some of its derivatives, such as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, also exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying luteolin-3′-O-phosphate (LTP)-mediated immune regulation are not fully understood. In this paper, we compared the anti-inflammatory properties of LT and LTP and analyzed their molecular mechanisms of action; we obtained LTP via the biorenovation of LT. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of LT and LTP in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We confirmed from previously reported literature that LT inhibits the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, as well as the expression of inducible NO synthetase and cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, expressions of inflammatory genes and mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β, were suppressed. LTP showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to LT, but better anti-inflammatory activity in all the experiments, while also inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B more effectively than LT. At a concentration of 10 μM, LTP showed differences of 2.1 to 44.5% in the activity compared to LT; it also showed higher anti-inflammatory activity. Our findings suggest that LTP has stronger anti-inflammatory activity than LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biotechnology, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (T.-J.P.)
| | - Tae-Jin Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biotechnology, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (T.-J.P.)
| | - Jin-Soo Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (M.-S.K.)
| | - Won-Jae Chi
- Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea;
| | - Seung-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Biotechnology, Sunmoon University, Asan 31460, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (T.-J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-2390
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Sun PY, Wang AS, Zhang ZF, Zhang YL, Zheng X. Network pharmacology-based strategy to investigate the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of Scutellaria Barbata D. Don against radiation pneumonitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27957. [PMID: 34964782 PMCID: PMC8615305 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Herbal medicines combined with radiotherapy significantly reduced the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP), and the Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SBD) is a perennial herb that has been reported to protect against radiation-induced pneumonitis. However, the exact molecular mechanism is not known. The objective of this research was to investigate the against radiation pneumonitis ingredients and their functional mechanisms in SBD. METHODS Based on the network pharmacology approaches, we collected active ingredients and target genes in SBD against RP through Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database, and the "Herb-Ingredients-Target Genes-Disease" Network was constructed by using of Cytoscape. STRING analysis was performed to reveal the protein-protein interactions, and then we applied enrichment analysis on these target proteins, gene function, and pathways. RESULTS A total of 18 ingredients in SBD regulate 65 RP related target proteins, which show that quercetin, luteolin, baicalein, wogonin may be the key active ingredients, while IL6, AKT1, VEGFA, MMP9, CCL2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) (cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2]), CXCL8, IL1B, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK1), and IL10 were identified as critical targets. Besides, the results of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis indicated that predicted targets of SBD are mostly associated with the pathological process of oxidative stress and inflammation. AGE- Receptor of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) signaling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway might serve as the principal pathways for RP treatment. CONCLUSION In our study, the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of SBD against RP was predicted from a holistic perspective, and the results provided theoretical guidance for researchers to explore the mechanism in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yi Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Ai-Shuai Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Zhang
- Heze Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Heze 274000, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser hospital), Qingdao 266000, China
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Pandur E, Balatinácz A, Micalizzi G, Mondello L, Horváth A, Sipos K, Horváth G. Anti-inflammatory effect of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil prepared during different plant phenophases on THP-1 macrophages. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:287. [PMID: 34819075 PMCID: PMC8611982 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common Gram-negative bacterium associated with nosocomial respiratory infections. Lavender essential oil is mainly used in aromatherapy, but it has several pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Furthermore, it possesses antifungal and antibacterial activities. The anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils may depend on the composition and the ratio of the compounds. The constitution of the essential oils extracted from the different stages of flowering period varies, which makes it plausible that the collection time of the flowers influences the anti-inflammatory effects. Different types of essential oils reduce inflammation acting similarly by modulating the activity and action of the NFκB signalling pathway, which is the major regulator of the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Lavender essential oils were distilled from lavender plant cultivated in Hungary and the flowers were harvested at the beginning and at the end of flowering period. The experiments were carried out on THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage cell line as in vitro cell culture model for monitoring the effects of lavender essential oils and the main compound linalool on P. aeruginosa LPS stimulated inflammation. The mRNA and protein levels of four pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNFα were determined by Real Time PCR and ELISA measurements. The effects of essential oils were compared to the response to two NFκB inhibitors, luteolin and ACHP. RESULTS Linalool and lavender essential oil extracted from plants at the beginning of flowering period were successful in decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production following LPS pretreatment. In case of IL-8 and IL-1β lavender oil showed stronger effect compared to linalool and both of them acted similarly to NFκB inhibitors. Pretreatments with linalool and lavender essential oil/beginning of flowering period prevented pro-inflammatory cytokine production compared to LPS treatment alone. Although lavender essential oil/end of flowering period decreased IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA expression in case of LPS pretreatment, it was not capable to reduce cytokine secretion. CONCLUSION Based on our results it has been proven that lavender essential oil extracted at the beginning of flowering period is a potent inhibitor of the synthesis of four pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-β and TNFα of THP-1 cells. This supports the relevance of the collection of the lavender flowers from early blooming period for essential oil production and for the utilization as an anti-inflammatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Pandur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alex Balatinácz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Adrienn Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7624, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, Hungary.
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Shaukat A, Shaukat I, Rajput SA, Shukat R, Hanif S, Shaukat I, Zhang X, Chen C, Sun X, Ye T, Niu K, Yao Z, Shaukat S, Safdar M, Abdelrahman M, Riaz U, Zhao J, Gu X, Yang L. Ginsenoside Rb1 Mitigates Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis through TLR4-Mediated NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237089. [PMID: 34885671 PMCID: PMC8659231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is the inflammatory response of the endometrial lining of the uterus and is associated with low conception rates, early embryonic mortality, and prolonged inter-calving intervals, and thus poses huge economic losses to the dairy industry worldwide. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GnRb1) is a natural compound obtained from the roots of Panax ginseng, having several pharmacological and biological properties. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of GnRb1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged endometritis through the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway has not yet been researched. This study was planned to evaluate the mechanisms of how GnRb1 rescues LPS-induced endometritis. In the present research, histopathological findings revealed that GnRb1 ameliorated LPS-triggered uterine injury. The ELISA and RT-qPCR assay findings indicated that GnRb1 suppressed the expression level of pro-inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and boosted the level of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine. Furthermore, the molecular study suggested that GnRb1 attenuated TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling. The results demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of GnRb1 in the mouse model of LPS-triggered endometritis via the inhibition of the TLR4-associated NF-κB pathway. Taken together, this study provides a baseline for the protective effect of GnRb1 to treat endometritis in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Shaukat
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54052 Nancy, France;
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan; or
| | - Rizwan Shukat
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Sana Hanif
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Imran Shaukat
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Chao Chen
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xuyang Sun
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Tingzhu Ye
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Zhiqiu Yao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Shadab Shaukat
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Asyut 71515, Egypt
| | - Umair Riaz
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Junwei Zhao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Liguo Yang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.S.); (X.Z.); (C.C.); (X.S.); (T.Y.); (K.N.); (Z.Y.); (M.S.); (M.A.); (U.R.); (J.Z.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-7105-6592
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Ramesh P, Jagadeesan R, Sekaran S, Dhanasekaran A, Vimalraj S. Flavonoids: Classification, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bone Remodelling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:779638. [PMID: 34887836 PMCID: PMC8649804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.779638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds spotted in various fruits, vegetables, barks, tea plants, and stems and many more natural commodities. They have a multitude of applications through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic properties, along with the ability to assist in the stimulation of bone formation. Bone, a rigid connective body tissue made up of cells embedded in a mineralised matrix is maintained by an assemblage of pathways assisting osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. These have a significant impact on a plethora of bone diseases. The homeostasis between osteoblast and osteoclast formation decides the integrity and structure of the bone. The flavonoids discussed here are quercetin, kaempferol, icariin, myricetin, naringin, daidzein, luteolin, genistein, hesperidin, apigenin and several other flavonoids. The effects these flavonoids have on the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein 2/SMAD (BMP2/SMAD) signalling pathways, and apoptotic pathways lead to impacts on bone remodelling. In addition, these polyphenols regulate angiogenesis, decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines and play a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Considering these important effects of flavonoids, they may be regarded as a promising agent in treating bone-related ailments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Onishi S, Tebayashi S, Hikichi Y, Sawada H, Ishii Y, Kim CS. Inhibitory effects of luteolin and its derivatives on osteoclast differentiation and differences in luteolin production by Capsicum annuum varieties. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:2224-2231. [PMID: 34435616 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin, an abundant flavonoid in the leaves of Capsicum annuum, has antioxidant activity and is, thus, a key chemical for promoting plant residue utilization, especially for the development of healthcare products. We assessed the inhibitory effect of luteolin and its glycosides on osteoclastic differentiation in human cells and found that the differentiation was effectively inhibited at noncytotoxic concentrations. We also screened 47 varieties of C. annuum for the accumulation of luteolin and apigenin to determine the prevalence of luteolin in diverse cultivars and identify varieties with high and/or selective luteolin production. The glycosides of luteolin and apigenin were found in all the tested varieties, with luteolin predominant over apigenin in most varieties. The identification and characterization of highly productive varieties of C. annuum is expected to be beneficial for the effective development of useful luteolin-based products from plant residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Onishi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.,Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tebayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Hikichi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Ishii
- Kochi Agricultural Research Center, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Chul-Sa Kim
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
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Effects of Reducing the South and Reinforcing the North Method on Inflammatory Injury Induced by Hyperlipidemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1860508. [PMID: 34594388 PMCID: PMC8478564 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1860508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the pathophysiological basis of hyperlipidemia-related disease (HRD). Reducing the south and reinforcing the north method (RSRN) has a positive effect on HRD. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of RSRN are still unclear in the treatment of HRD. We obtained RSRN compounds from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) and identified potential targets of these compounds through target fishing based on the TCMSP databases. Next, we identified the HRD targets by using multiple databases. Then, the overlapping genes between the RSRN potential targets and the HRD targets were used to establish a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and we further analyzed their interactions and identified the major hub genes in this network. Subsequently, the Metascape database was utilized to conduct the enrichment of Gene Ontology biological processes (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. A total of 187 potential active components and 106 related core targets were obtained and identified overall. Then after the Metascape enrichment analysis, a total of 148 KEGG pathways were screened, which were mainly associated with AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Furthermore, 34 hub genes, such as AKT1, NF-κBp65(RELA), IκBα(CHUK), MAPK8, and MAPK14, CCND1, were considered potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, evaluations of protein levels of NF-κBp65, IκBα, TNF-α, IL-1 ß, and IL-6 were performed for experimental validation. RSRN can reduce the expression of NF-κBp65 protein, increase the level of IκBα protein, and reduce the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in ovariectomized rats. The results indicate that the mechanism of RSRN against inflammation may be related to AKT1, NF-κBp65, IκBα, MAPK8, and MAPK14, as well as TNF, NF-kappa B, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
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Basak S, Gokhale J. Immunity boosting nutraceuticals: Current trends and challenges. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13902. [PMID: 34467553 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The immune function of the human body is highly influenced by the dietary intake of certain nutrients and bioactive compounds present in foods. The preventive effects of these bioactive ingredients against various diseases have been well investigated. Functional foods are consumed across various diverse cultures, in some form or the other, which provide benefits greater than the basic nutritional needs. Novel functional foods are being developed using novel bioactive ingredients such as probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and various phytoconstituents, which have a range of immunomodulatory properties. Apart from immunomodulation, these ingredients also affect immunity by their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. The global pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 has forced the scientific community to race against time to find a proper and effective drug or a vaccine. In this review, various non-pharmacological interventions using nutraceuticals and functional foods have been discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Despite a plethora of research being undertaken to understand the immunity boosting properties of the various bioactive present in food, the findings are not translating to nutraceutical products in the market. Immunity has proved to be one of the most important factors for the health and well-being of an individual, especially when the world has been under the grip of the novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. The anti-inflammatory properties of various nutraceuticals can come out as potential inhibitors of the various inflammatory processes such as cytokine storms, usually being observed in COVID 19. This review gives an insight into how various nutraceuticals can help in the prevention of various diseases through different mechanisms. The lack of awareness and proper clinical trials pose a challenge to the nutraceutical industry. This review will help and encourage researchers to further design and develop various functional foods, which might help in building immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Basak
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Jyoti Gokhale
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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Stromsnes K, Correas AG, Lehmann J, Gambini J, Olaso-Gonzalez G. Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Diet: Role in Healthy Aging. Biomedicines 2021; 9:922. [PMID: 34440125 PMCID: PMC8389628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process involved in the defenses of the body and the repair of tissues. It is acutely activated by infections, trauma, toxins, or allergic reactions. However, if it becomes chronic, inflammation can end up stimulating the development of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, neurological disease, or cancer. Additionally, during aging, inflammation becomes increasingly more chronic. Furthermore, we found that certain foods, such as saturated fats, have pro-inflammatory activity. Taking this into account, in this review we have discussed different diets with possible anti-inflammatory activity, the commonly ingested components of each diet and their active compounds. In addition, we have proposed some dietary guidelines, as well as a list of compounds present in foods with anti-inflammatory activity, outlining how to combine them to achieve optimal anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we can conclude that the compounds in our diet with anti-inflammatory activity could help alleviate the inflammatory processes derived from diseases and unhealthy diets, and thereby promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Stromsnes
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (A.G.C.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Angela G. Correas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (A.G.C.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Jenny Lehmann
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Juan Gambini
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (A.G.C.); (G.O.-G.)
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Insitute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University of Valencia and CIBERFES, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (K.S.); (A.G.C.); (G.O.-G.)
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A Review on Antidiabetic Activity of Centaurea spp.: A New Approach for Developing Herbal Remedies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5587938. [PMID: 34285703 PMCID: PMC8275385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5587938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-life metabolic disorder, characterized by high blood glucose levels. The hyperglycemic condition generally leads to irreversible nerve injury and vascular damage. Among different types of diabetes, type 2 is more common and has spread all over the world. Although various therapeutic approaches have been developed to control type 2 DM, regulating blood glucose levels has still remained a controversial challenge for patients. Also, most prescription drugs cause different side effects, such as gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, developing novel and efficient antidiabetic agents possessing fewer adverse effects is in high demand. Method The literature was comprehensively surveyed via search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using appropriate keywords. Results Medicinal plants, both extracts and isolated active components, have played a significant role in controlling the blood glucose levels. Good-to-excellent results documented in the literature have made them a precious origin for developing and designing drugs and supplements against DM. Centaurea spp. have been traditionally used for controlling high blood glucose levels. Also, the antidiabetic properties of different species of Centaurea have been confirmed in recent studies through in vitro assays as well as in vivo experiments. Conclusion Potent results encouraged us to review their efficacy to open a new horizon for development of herbal antidiabetic agents.
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Sotillo WS, Tarqui S, Huang X, Almanza G, Oredsson S. Breast cancer cell line toxicity of a flavonoid isolated from Baccharis densiflora. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:188. [PMID: 34215226 PMCID: PMC8254278 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are compounds of interest in the search for new anti-cancer therapies. We have previously isolated the methoxyflavones 5,4′-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3′-tetramethoxyflavone (8-methoxycirsilineol), 5,4′-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (xanthomicrol), and 5,4,'3′-trihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (sideritoflavone) from Baccharis densiflora. Herein, we investigate the toxicity of these methoxyflavones in human breast-derived cell line. Our main aim was to focus on the cancer stem cell (CSC) sub-population of JIMT-1 breast cancer cells. Methods Initially, dose response experiments yielding inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values were performed using MCF-7, HCC1937, and JIMT-1 breast cancer, and the MCF-10A normal-like breast cell lines to get an understanding of toxic ranges. Due to a clear difference in the toxicity of the flavones, only sideritoflavone was selected for further studies using the JIMT-1 cell line. Effects on the CSC sub-population was investigated using flow cytometry-based methods. A wound healing assay and digital holographic microscopy were used to investigate effects on cell movement. A reporter assay was used to study effects on signal transduction pathways and Western blot for protein expression. Results The dose response data showed that 8-methoxycirsilineol was non-toxic at concentrations below 100 μM, that the IC50 of xanthomicrol was between 50 and 100 μM, while sideritoflavone was highly toxic with a single digit μM IC50 in all cell lines. Treatment of the JIMT-1 cells with 2 μM sideritoflavone did not selectively effect the CSC sub-population. Instead, sideritoflavone treatment inhibited the proliferation of both the non-CSC and the CSC sub-populations to the same extent. The inhibition of cell proliferation resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and the treated cells showed an increased level of γ-H2A histone family member X indicating DNA double strand breaks. Analysis of the effect of sideritoflavone treatment on signal transduction pathways showed activation of the Wnt, Myc/Max, and transforming growth factor-β pathways. The level of p65/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated Β cells was increased in sideritoflavone-treated cells. Cell movement was decreased by sideritoflavone treatment. Conclusions Altogether our data show that the methoxyflavone sideritoflavone has favourable anti-cancer effects that may be exploited for development to be used in combination with CSC specific compounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03349-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Soria Sotillo
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Institute, University Major of San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Santiago Tarqui
- Chemical Research Institute, University Major of San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Almanza
- Chemical Research Institute, University Major of San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
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Miao J, Lin F, Huang N, Teng Y. Improving Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Luteolin with Nano-Micelles in the Bacteria-Induced Lung Infection. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:1229-1241. [PMID: 34167635 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effective therapy for lung infectious diseases became more and more difficult since the severe antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, it is urgent to develop new antimicrobial agents. Luteolin has been reported to play a crucial part in host immune responses. However, the clinical use of luteolin is impeded due to its hydrophobicity and low oral bioavailability. In this study, we formulated luteolin-loaded Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) micelles (luteolin/MPEG-PLA), to improve the bioavailability of luteolin in lung infectious diseases. The results showed that luteolin/MPEG-PLA treatment could reduce the adhesion of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) to lung epithelial cells and enhance the germicidal ability of macrophages against K. pneumoniae compared to untreated group. Meanwhile, luteolin/MPEG-PLA showed stronger adhesion resistance of epithelial cells and germicidal ability of macrophages compared with free luteolin. In vivo study, luteolin/MPEG-PLA administration significantly promoted the clearance of bacteria and reduced inflammatory infiltration of lung tissue in K. pneumoniae induced lung infectious mice model. Further studies showed that treatment with luteolin/MPEG-PLA reduced the mRNA expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in macrophages significantly. In general, luteolin/MPEG-PLA can enhance the anti-bacterial ability of lung epithelial cells and macrophages, and has a stronger therapeutic effect than free luteolin in bacterial-induced lung infection. Luteolin/MPEG-PLA may be an excellent potential drug for bacterial-induced lung infectious diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yan Teng
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, PR China
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Liu J, Wang Y, Tu ZC, Chen WM, Yuan T. Bovine β-Lactoglobulin Covalent Modification by Flavonoids: Effect on the Allergenicity and Human Intestinal Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6820-6828. [PMID: 34106722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the structure of covalent conjugates of bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and flavonoids (luteolin, myricetin, and hyperoside), and their effect on the allergenicity and human intestinal microbiota. Covalent modification of amino acids in BLG by flavonoids was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and o-phthaldialdehyde assay. The secondary and conformational structures of BLG were changed by the covalent modification, which were determined by the circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV spectroscopy. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell experiments indicated that BLG covalent conjugates could reduce IgE/IgG binding capacities and suppress the allergy reactivity of RBL-2H3 cells, suggesting that the covalent modification modulated the balance of T cells. Meanwhile, covalent modification of BLG with these flavonoids can alter the diversity of human intestinal microbiota and the community abundance at phylum, family, and genus levels. The results revealed that covalent modification of BLG with flavonoids alters human intestinal microbiota, might result in the reduction of allergenicity, which could provide information for confirming the relationship between food allergy and the intestinal microbial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Wen-Mei Chen
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, and Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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Li BL, Zhao DY, Du PL, Wang XT, Yang Q, Cai YR. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis through SHP-1/STAT3 pathway. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:705-717. [PMID: 34014331 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that Luteolin has a positive effect on epithelial barrier integrity by promoting the function of tight protein, however, little is known about the underline mechanism of Luteolin. In this study, we constructed Caco-2 cell monolayer to explore the effects and the regulation mechanism of Luteolin in intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. METHODS Caco-2 cells were co-treated with TNF-α, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Luteolin for 24 h. Overexpression or knockdown of SHP-1 was applied to study the effects of protein phosphoserine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) on epithelial barrier integrity. Cell viability was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Barrier function was detected by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran assay. The expression levels of SHP-1, phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), STAT3 and tight junction proteins were measured by qRT-PCR or western blot. In vivo model of ulcerative colitis was established to detect the function of Luteolin in ulcerative colitis. RESULTS We clarified that Luteolin protected intestinal epithelial barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers by increasing the resistance values and tight junction (TJ) protein expression. The expression of OCLN, CLDN1, and ZO1 was increased by Luteolin, while the expression of CLDN2 was decreased. Furthermore, Luteolin significantly alleviated the symptom of ulcerative colitis in DSS-induced mice. The in vitro cell model proved that overexpression of SHP-1 promotes the epithelial barrier function and knockdown of SHP-1 or STAT3 activation destroyed the protective effects of Luteolin on the expression of TJ proteins. CONCLUSION We found that the treatment of Luteolin promoted epithelial barrier function and Luteolin might preserve intestinal epithelial barrier function through suppression of STAT3 signaling pathway by SHP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Ru Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Lee MN, Lee Y, Wu D, Pae M. Luteolin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via blocking ASC oligomerization. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 92:108614. [PMID: 33705947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a caspase-1 containing multi-protein complex that controls the release of IL-1β and plays important roles in the innate immune response. Since NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, it has become an increasingly interested target in developing therapies for multiple diseases. We reported the current study to determine how luteolin, a natural phenolic compound found in many vegetables and medicinal herbs, would modulate NLRP3 inflammasome in both the in vivo and in vitro settings. First, we found that a high-fat diet upregulated mRNA expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components Asc and Casp1 in adipose tissue of ovariectomized mice, which were greatly reduced by dietary supplementation with luteolin. Of note, Asc and Casp1 expression in adipose tissue correlated with mRNA levels of Adgre1 encoding F4/80, an established marker for mature macrophages. We also demonstrated that luteolin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-derived caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion in J774A.1 macrophages upon diverse stimuli including ATP, nigericin, or silica crystals. Luteolin inhibited the activation step of NLRP3 inflammasome by interfering with ASC oligomerization. Taken together, these findings suggest that luteolin supplementation may suppress NLRP3 induction and activation process and thus potentially would be protective against NLRP3-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Nam Lee
- Hard-tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngyoon Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chundae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Munkyong Pae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Chundae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
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