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Obese E, Biney RP, Henneh IT, Anokwah D, Adakudugu EA, Woode E, Ameyaw EO. Antinociceptive effect of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera (Ait) R. Br. (Apocynaceae): Possible involvement of glutamatergic, cytokines, opioidergic and adenosinergic pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114261. [PMID: 34111540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pain remains real and still a major problem in clinical medicine which requires new agents with improved efficacy for more therapeutic benefits. Plant sources can serve as a basis for the search for some novel drugs hence the analgesic effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Calotropis procera (CPE) which is widespread in Ghana and other tropical areas and used in folkloric medicine for painful and inflammatory conditions was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analgesic properties of orally administered CPE at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg were evaluated in thermal (tail immersion), chemical (acetic acid-writhing, formalin-induced paw licking, glutamate-induced nociception) and mechanical (Randall-Selitto) tests for analgesia. The involvement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL 1β), bradykinin, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the analgesic effects of CPE were also evaluated in hypernociception assays measuring mechanical pain thresholds. RESULTS The latency of tail withdrawal in the tail immersion test was significantly increased (p = 0.0001) while writhing induced by acetic acid was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) on treatment with CPE (30-300 mg/kg). The extract also significantly inhibited both phase 1 and phase 2 nociceptive states induced by formalin comparable to morphine (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the extract significantly attenuated hyper-nociception induced by TNF-α (p < 0.0001), interleukin 1β (p = 0.0102), bradykinin (p < 0.0001), and prostaglandin E2 (p < 0.0001). Additionally, glutamate-induced paw licking was reduced significantly (p < 0.05). The antinociceptive effects exhibited by CPE (100 mg/kg) in the formalin test was reversed by systemic administration of naloxone (2 mg/kg) and theophylline (5 mg/kg) but not glibenclamide (8 mg/kg), granisetron (2 mg/kg), atropine (3 mg/kg), yohimbine (3 mg/kg, p.o.) nor nifedipine (10 mg/kg). CONCLUSION Overall, the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera possesses analgesic properties that is mediated possibly through the glutaminergic, opioidergic, and adenosinergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Obese
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Robert P Biney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac T Henneh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Daniel Anokwah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel A Adakudugu
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Elvis O Ameyaw
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
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Wang Y, Wen C, Xie G, Jiang L. Blockade of Spinal EphA4 Reduces Chronic Inflammatory Pain in Mice. Neurol Res 2021; 43:528-534. [PMID: 33541257 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1884798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (Ephs) receptor and their ligands, ephrins, orchestrate the induction of cell proliferation and migration, axonal guidance, synaptic genesis and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Previous studies demonstrated that EphBs/ephrinBs participate in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain and bone cancer pain, but the role of EphA4 in the regulation of pain in the spinal cord is unknown. Therefore, we explored the role of EphA4 receptor in regulating chronic inflammatory pain.Methods: We established a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain through plantar injection of complete freund's adjuvant (CFA) and assessed EphA4 expression in spinal cord by western blotting. EphA4 receptor was blocked by intrathecal injection of EphA4-Fc, an EphA4 antagonist, and pain behaviors were measured by assessing thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the changes in the expression of Fos protein in spinal cord after blocking EphA4 receptor.Results: Plantar injection of CFA produced persistent thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, which was accompanied by significant increases in spinal EphA4 and Fos expression. Blocking spinal EphA4 receptor suppressed CFA-induced pain behaviors and reduced the expression of Fos protein in spinal cord.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that EphA4 receptor is involved in the generation and maintenance of CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain and that blocking the spinal EphA4 receptor could relieve persistent pain behaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanyun Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guozhu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Social stress as a trigger for depressive-like behavior and persistent hyperalgesia in mice: study of the comorbidity between depression and chronic pain. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:759-767. [PMID: 32664012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is great comorbidity and similarity between chronic pain and major depressive disorders. We have recently shown that 10 days of social defeat stress (SDS) induces hyperalgesia regardless depressive-like behavior in mice. Here we aimed to investigate whether social stress predisposes to chronic pain and, inversely, whether chronic pain predisposes to stress-induced depression. METHODS Firstly, we used the 10 days SDS paradigm in mice followed by a mild protocol of repetitive inflammatory stimulus to evaluate if SDS would predispose to persistent hyperalgesia development. Secondly, we used the intense protocol of repetitive inflammatory stimulus followed by a subthreshold SDS to evaluate if persistent hyperalgesia would predispose to depressive-like behavior of social avoidance. RESULTS Our results showed that SDS predispose to chronic pain, since stressed mice injected with PGE2 for 7 days (mild protocol), stimuli normally not sufficient to trigger chronic pain, showed persistent hyperalgesia. Also, we showed that persistent hyperalgesia induced by repetitive inflammatory stimuli predispose to long-lasting depressive-like behavior of social avoidance induced by subthreshold SDS. LIMITATIONS We did not analyze molecular mechanism associated with chronic pain and depressive-like behavior induced by SDS. However, we hypothesized that SDS and 14 days of PGE2 would generate neuroplasticity on brain areas shared by chronic pain and depression, predisposing to pain chronification and depressive-like behavior, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude social stress as a key and a common factor for chronic pain and depression. We can also conclude that SDS predisposes to chronic pain and, inversely, chronic pain predisposes to depressive-like behavior.
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Brandão AF, Bonet IJM, Pagliusi M, Zanetti GG, Pho N, Tambeli CH, Parada CA, Vieira AS, Sartori CR. Physical Activity Induces Nucleus Accumbens Genes Expression Changes Preventing Chronic Pain Susceptibility Promoted by High-Fat Diet and Sedentary Behavior in Mice. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1453. [PMID: 32038148 PMCID: PMC6987254 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings from rodent studies suggest that high-fat diet (HFD) increases hyperalgesia independent of obesity status. Furthermore, weight loss interventions such as voluntary physical activity (PA) for adults with obesity or overweight was reported to promote pain reduction in humans with chronic pain. However, regardless of obesity status, it is not known whether HFD intake and sedentary (SED) behavior is underlies chronic pain susceptibility. Moreover, differential gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a crucial role in chronic pain susceptibility. Thus, the present study used an adapted model of the inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced persistent hyperalgesia short-term (PH-ST) protocol for mice, an HFD, and a voluntary PA paradigm to test these hypotheses. Therefore, we performed an analysis of differential gene expression using a transcriptome approach of the NAc. We also applied a gene ontology enrichment tools to identify biological processes associated with chronic pain susceptibility and to investigate the interaction between the factors studied: diet (standard diet vs. HFD), physical activity behavior (SED vs. PA) and PH-ST (PGE vs. saline). Our results demonstrated that HFD intake and sedentary behavior promoted chronic pain susceptibility, which in turn was prevented by voluntary physical activity, even when the animals were fed an HFD. The transcriptome of the NAc found 2,204 differential expression genes and gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed 41 biologic processes implicated in chronic pain susceptibility. Taking these biological processes together, our results suggest that genes related to metabolic and mitochondria stress were up-regulated in the chronic pain susceptibility group (SED-HFD-PGE), whereas genes related to neuroplasticity were up-regulated in the non-chronic pain susceptibility group (PA-HFD-PGE). These findings provide pieces of evidence that HFD intake and sedentary behavior provoked gene expression changes in the NAc related to promotion of chronic pain susceptibility, whereas voluntary physical activity provoked gene expression changes in the NAc related to prevention of chronic pain susceptibility. Finally, our findings confirmed previous literature supporting the crucial role of voluntary physical activity to prevent chronic pain and suggest that low levels of voluntary physical activity would be helpful and highly recommended as a complementary treatment for those with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Freitas Brandão
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ivan José Magayewski Bonet
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Pagliusi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Gerardini Zanetti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nam Pho
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Cláudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amilcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Schwambach Vieira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cesar Renato Sartori
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Penela P, Ribas C, Sánchez-Madrid F, Mayor F. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as a multifunctional signaling hub. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4423-4446. [PMID: 31432234 PMCID: PMC6841920 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a versatile protein that acts as a signaling hub by modulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and also via phosphorylation or scaffolding interactions with an extensive number of non-GPCR cellular partners. GRK2 multifunctionality arises from its multidomain structure and from complex mechanisms of regulation of its expression levels, activity, and localization within the cell, what allows the precise spatio-temporal shaping of GRK2 targets. A better understanding of the GRK2 interactome and its modulation mechanisms is helping to identify the GRK2-interacting proteins and its substrates involved in the participation of this kinase in different cellular processes and pathophysiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronila Penela
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Ribas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cell-Cell Communication Laboratory, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhou YM, Wu L, Wei S, Jin Y, Liu TT, Qiu CY, Hu WP. Enhancement of acid-sensing ion channel activity by prostaglandin E2 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146442. [PMID: 31513790 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proton are typical inflammatory mediators. They play a major role in pain processing and hypersensitivity through activating their cognate receptors expressed in terminals of nociceptive sensory neurons. However, it remains unclear whether there is an interaction between PGE2 receptors and proton-activated acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). Herein, we show that PGE2 enhanced the functional activity of ASICs in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons through EP1 and EP4 receptors. In the present study, PGE2 concentration-dependently increased ASIC currents in DRG neurons. It shifted the proton concentration-response curve upwards, without change in the apparent affinity of proton for ASICs. Moreover, PGE2 enhancement of ASIC currents was partially blocked by EP1 or EP4 receptor antagonist. PGE2 failed to enhance ASIC currents when simultaneous blockade of both EP1 and EP4 receptors. PGE2 enhancement was partially suppressed after inhibition of intracellular PKC or PKA signaling, and completely disappeared after concurrent blockade of both PKC and PKA signaling. PGE2 increased significantly the expression levels of p-PKCε and p-PKA in DRG cells. PGE2 also enhanced proton-evoked action potentials in rat DRG neurons. Finally, peripherally administration of PGE2 dose-dependently exacerbated acid-induced nocifensive behaviors in rats through EP1 and EP4 receptors. Our results indicate that PGE2 enhanced the electrophysiological activity of ASICs in DRG neurons and contributed to acidosis-evoked pain, which revealed a novel peripheral mechanism underlying PGE2 involvement in hyperalgesia by sensitizing ASICs in primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Mei Zhou
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Jin
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Road, Xianning 437100, Hubei, PR China.
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Dai S, Qi Y, Fu J, Li N, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang W, Xu H, Zhou H, Ma Z. Dexmedetomidine attenuates persistent postsurgical pain by upregulating K +-Cl - cotransporter-2 in the spinal dorsal horn in rats. J Pain Res 2018; 11:993-1004. [PMID: 29872336 PMCID: PMC5973459 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s158737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX) could have an analgesic effect on pain transmission through the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, KCC2-induced shift in neuronal Cl− homeostasis is crucial for postsynaptic inhibition mediated by GABAA receptors. Accumulating evidence shows that nerve injury, peripheral inflammation and stress activate the spinal BDNF/TrkB signal, which results in the downregulation of KCC2 transport and expression, eventually leads to GAGAergic disinhibition and hyperalgesia. The aim of this experiment was to explore the interaction between DEX and KCC2 at a molecular level in rats in the persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP). Methods PPSP in rats was evoked by the skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed with the Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to assess the expressions of related proteins. Results In the first part of our experiment, the results revealed that the BDNF/TrkB-KCC2 signal plays a critical role in the development of SMIR-evoked PPSP; the second part showed that intraperitoneal administrations of 40 µg/kg DEX at 15 min presurgery and 1 to 3 days post-surgery significantly attenuated SMIR-evoked PPSP. Simultaneously, SMIR-induced KCC2 downregulation was partly reversed, which coincided with the inhibition of the BDNF/TrkB signal in the spinal dorsal horn. Moreover, intrathecal administrations of KCC2 inhibitor VU0240551 significantly reduced the analgesic effect of DEX on SMIR-evoked PPSP. Conclusion The results of our study indicated that DEX attenuated PPSP by restoring KCC2 function through reducing BDNF/TrkB signal in the spinal dorsal horn in rats, which provides a new insight into the treatment of chronic pain in clinical postsurgical pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, XuZhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- The Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Wang HJ, Gu HX, Eijkelkamp N, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A. Low GRK2 Underlies Hyperalgesic Priming by Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:592. [PMID: 29922165 PMCID: PMC5996251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We recently identified the balance between the level of G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and Epac1 in nociceptors as a key factor in the transition from acute to chronic pain that occurs in mice 'primed' by an inflammatory stimulus. Here, we examined the contribution of GRK2 and Epac-signaling to growth factor-induced hyperalgesic priming. Methods: Mice were primed by intraplantar injection with glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Mechanical allodynia in response to PGE2 was followed over time in primed and non-primed animals. GRK2 protein levels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were quantified by immunohistochemistry. The effect of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-GRK2 amplicons to restore GRK2 levels or of an Epac inhibitor on PGE2 allodynia in primed mice was examined. Results: Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor-induced hyperalgesia disappeared within 12 days. The hyperalgesic response to a subsequent intraplantar injection of PGE2 was prolonged from <24 h in control mice to more than 72 h in GDNF-primed mice. In male and female primed mice, PGE2 hyperalgesia was inhibited by oral administration of the Epac inhibitor ESI-09, while the drug had no effect in control mice. Mice primed with GDNF had reduced levels of GRK2 in IB4(+) small DRG neurons, but normal GRK2 levels in IB4(-) DRG neurons. Intraplantar administration of HSV-GRK2 amplicons to increase GRK2 protein levels prevented the prolongation of PGE2-induced hyperalgesia in GDNF-primed mice. Conclusion: Low GRK2 in nociceptors is critical to develop a primed state in response to GDNF and leads to engagement of Epac signaling and transition to chronic PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. Increasing GRK2 protein or inhibiting Epac signaling may represent new avenues for preventing transition to a chronic pain state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Han-Xin Gu
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, College of Fundamental Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Niels Eijkelkamp
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Division of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Rodrigues de Carvalho AM, Vasconcelos LF, Moura Rocha NF, Vasconcelos Rios ER, Dias ML, Maria de França Fonteles M, Gaspar DM, Barbosa Filho JM, Chavez Gutierrez SJ, Florenço de Sousa FC. Antinociceptive activity of Riparin II from Aniba riparia: Further elucidation of the possible mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:49-56. [PMID: 29655911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Riparin II (RipII) has an anti-inflammatory activity potentially due its ability to decrease TNF-α and IL-1β production and its histamine antagonism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of RipII in the pain process and the possible antinociceptive mechanisms involved, using classic models of nociception. Male Swiss mice were used in the assays. Determinate the acute toxicity according to the OECD 425 test guideline. The models used were the acetic acid-, formalin-, hot plate and glutamate-induced nociception. For evaluation of antinociceptive effect, the involvement of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM8, ASICS, Bradykinin, PKC and PKA were performed using the paw licking using agonists. The acute toxicity study did not detect any clinical signs or changes in behavior or mortality. RipII, administered orally (25 and 50 mg/kg) caused a reduction of nociception induced by acetic acid, formalin (on the second phase) and glutamate. In the investigation of antinociceptive mechanism, we used capsaicin (2.2 μg/paw), cinnamaldehyde (10 nmol/paw), menthol (1.2 μmol/paw), ASICS (2% acetic acid, pH 1.98) and bradykinin (10 μg/paw). The results showed that TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM8, ASICS and bradykinin play a role in the antinociceptive effect of RipII. The results also showed that PKA is involved too. These data demonstrate that RipII has a low or not toxicity and produced an important antinociceptive effect through mechanisms that probably involve an interaction, at least in part, TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM8, ASICS, bradykinin and PKA participate in the RipII's antinociceptive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyne Mara Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Freire Vasconcelos
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Nayrton Flávio Moura Rocha
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Ricardo Vasconcelos Rios
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marília Leite Dias
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Macêdo Gaspar
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisca Cléa Florenço de Sousa
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Lomba LA, Vogt PH, Souza VEP, Leite-Avalca MCG, Verdan MH, Stefanello MEA, Zampronio AR. A Naphthoquinone from Sinningia canescens Inhibits Inflammation and Fever in Mice. Inflammation 2017; 40:1051-1061. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shikimic acid inhibits LPS-induced cellular pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 39:97-105. [PMID: 27454847 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Shikimic acid (SA) is present in a wide variety of plants and microorganisms used in traditional and folk medicine and also is an essential starting material for the synthesis of the antiviral drug Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®). Some pharmacological actions observed in SA-enriched products include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive actions of isolated SA. METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were treated with bacterial LPS (1μg/mL) and the effect of SA on the modulation of cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, TNF-α, and IL-1β content and MAPK (ERK1/2 and p38) activation was evaluated. Besides, the anti-hyperalgesic actions of SA on in vivo model of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan (CG), dopamine (DA), TNF-α and prostaglandin (PGE2) were assessed. RESULTS In RAW 264.7 cells, SA suppressed LPS-induced decrease in cell viability and nitrite accumulation to control values and inhibited up-regulation of TNF-α (65%) and IL-1β (39%). These effects may be mediated at least in part by inhibition of LPS-induced ERK 1/2 (22%) and p38 (17%) phosphorylation. In mice, SA at 50, 100, and 200mg/kg decreased formalin-induced nociceptive behavior (around 50%) and inhibited the inflammatory nociception induced by TNF-α and PGE2 (50 to 75% each). Moreover, SA (100 and 200mg/kg) significantly attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by CG and DA (25 to 40% each). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SA presents anti-inflammatory actions with potential for development of drugs to treat pro-inflammatory and painful conditions.
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Su YS, Chiu YY, Lin SY, Chen CC, Sun WH. Serotonin Receptor 2B Mediates Mechanical Hyperalgesia by Regulating Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 59:113-25. [PMID: 26635025 PMCID: PMC4851684 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0693-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)], an inflammatory mediator, contributes to inflammatory pain. The presence of multiple 5-HT subtype receptors on peripheral and central nociceptors complicates the role of 5-HT in pain. Previously, we found that 5-HT2B/2C antagonist could block 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. However, the types of neurons or circuits underlying this effect remained unsolved. Here, we demonstrate that the Gq/11-phospholipase Cβ-protein kinase Cε (PKCε) pathway mediated by 5-HT2B is involved in 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. Administration of a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist inhibited the 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. 5-HT injection enhanced 5-HT- and capsaicin-evoked calcium signals specifically in isolectin B4 (IB4)-negative neurons; signals were inhibited by a 5-HT2B/2C antagonist and PKCε blocker. Thus, 5-HT2B mediates 5-HT-induced mechanical hyperalgesia by regulating TRPV1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Shiuan Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yi Chiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongda Road 300, Jhongli, 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Sun WH, Chen CC. Roles of Proton-Sensing Receptors in the Transition from Acute to Chronic Pain. J Dent Res 2015; 95:135-42. [PMID: 26597969 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515618382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain, when not effectively treated, is a leading health and socioeconomic problem and has a harmful effect on all aspects of health-related quality of life. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of how pain transitions from the acute to chronic phase is essential for developing effective novel analgesics. Accumulated evidence has shown that the transition from acute to chronic pain is determined by a cellular signaling switch called hyperalgesic priming, which occurs in primary nociceptive afferents. The hyperalgesic priming is triggered by inflammatory mediators and is involved in a signal switch from protein kinase A (PKA) to protein kinase Cε (PKCε) located in both isolectin B4 (IB4)-positive (nonpeptidergic) and IB4-negative (peptidergic) nociceptors. Acidosis may be the decisive factor regulating the PKA-to-PKCε signal switch in a proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent manner. Protons can also induce the hyperalgesic priming in IB4-negative muscle nociceptors in a PKCε-independent manner. Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and transient receptor potential/vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPV1) are 2 major acid sensors involved in the proton-induced hyperalgesic priming. The proton-induced hyperalgesic priming in muscle afferents can be prevented by a substance P-mediated signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize the factors that modulate hyperalgesic priming in both IB4-positive and IB4-negative nociceptors and discuss the role of acid signaling in inflammatory and noninflammatory pain as well as orofacial muscle pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - C C Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Taiwan Mouse Clinic-National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shariati B, Thompson EL, Nicol GD, Vasko MR. Epac activation sensitizes rat sensory neurons through activation of Ras. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 70:54-67. [PMID: 26596174 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors directly activated by cAMP (Epacs) have emerged as important signaling molecules mediating persistent hypersensitivity in animal models of inflammation, by augmenting the excitability of sensory neurons. Although Epacs activate numerous downstream signaling cascades, the intracellular signaling which mediates Epac-induced sensitization of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that selective activation of Epacs with 8-CPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM (8CPT-AM) increases the number of action potentials (APs) generated by a ramp of depolarizing current and augments the evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from isolated rat sensory neurons. Internal perfusion of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons with GDP-βS, substituted for GTP, blocks the ability of 8CPT-AM to increase AP firing, demonstrating that Epac-induced sensitization is G-protein dependent. Treatment with 8CPT-AM activates the small G-proteins Rap1 and Ras in cultures of sensory neurons. Inhibition of Rap1, by internal perfusion of a Rap1-neutralizing antibody or through a reduction in the expression of the protein using shRNA does not alter the Epac-induced enhancement of AP generation or CGRP release, despite the fact that in most other cell types, Epacs act as Rap-GEFs. In contrast, inhibition of Ras through expression of a dominant negative Ras (DN-Ras) or through internal perfusion of a Ras-neutralizing antibody blocks the increase in AP firing and attenuates the increase in the evoked release of CGRP induced by Epac activation. Thus, in this subpopulation of nociceptive sensory neurons, it is the novel interplay between Epacs and Ras, rather than the canonical Epacs and Rap1 pathway, that is critical for mediating Epac-induced sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Shariati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Eric L Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Grant D Nicol
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael R Vasko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Citronellol, a natural acyclic monoterpene, attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia response in mice: Evidence of the spinal cord lamina I inhibition. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 239:111-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Souza GR, Cunha TM, Silva RL, Lotufo CM, Verri WA, Funez MI, Villarreal CF, Talbot J, Sousa LP, Parada CA, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH. Involvement of nuclear factor kappa B in the maintenance of persistent inflammatory hypernociception. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 134:49-56. [PMID: 25902407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory pain remains poorly understood. In this context, we developed an experimental model in which successive daily injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for 14days into rat hind paws produces a persistent state of hypernociception (i.e. decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold). This state persists for more than 30days after discontinuing PGE2 injection. In the present study, we investigated the participation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in the maintenance of this process. Mechanical hypernociception was evaluated using the electronic von Frey test. Activation of NF-κB signaling was measured through the determination of NF-κB p65 subunit translocation to the nucleus of dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRG) by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Herein, we detected an increase in NF-κB p65 subunit translocation to the nucleus of DRG neurons along with persistent inflammatory hypernociception compared with controls. Intrathecal treatment with either dexamethasone or PDTC (NF-κB activation inhibitor) after ending of the induction phase of the persistent inflammatory hypernociception, curtailed the hypernociception period as well as reducing NF-κB p65 subunit translocation. Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides against the NF-κB p65 subunit for 5 consecutive days also reduced persistent inflammatory hypernociception. Inhibition of PKA and PKCε reduced persistent inflammatory hypernociception, which was associated with inhibition of NF-κB p65 subunit translocation. Together these results suggest that peripheral activation of NF-κB by PKA and PKC in primary sensory neurons plays an important role in maintaining persistent inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rangel L Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celina M Lotufo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Federal University of Uberlandia, Umuarama, MG 38405-320 Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Ciencias Patologicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Mani I Funez
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiane F Villarreal
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jhimmy Talbot
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Parada
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sergio H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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de Santana MF, Guimarães AG, Chaves DO, Silva JC, Bonjardim LR, de Lucca Júnior W, Ferro JNDS, Barreto EDO, dos Santos FE, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF, Quintans JDSS, Quintans-Júnior LJ. The anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory profiles of p-cymene: Evidence for the involvement of opioid system and cytokines. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1583-1590. [PMID: 25856703 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.993040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pain corresponds to the most frequent reason for visits to physicians, and its control by conventional drugs is accompanied by several side effects, making treatment difficult. For this reason, new chemical entities derived from natural products still hold great promise for the future of drug discovery to pain treatment. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory profiles of p-cymene (PC), a monocyclic monoterpene, and its possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice treated acutely with PC (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) were screened for carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia and the inflammatory components of its cascade (30-180 min), carrageenan-induced pleurisy (4 h), and tail-flick test (1-8 h). Also, we observed the PC effect on the generation of nitric oxide by macrophages and the activation of neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) by immunofluorescence. RESULTS PC reduced (p < 0.001) the hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, TNF-α, dopamine, and PGE2. PC decrease total leukocyte migration (100 mg/kg: p < 0.01), neutrophils (50 and 100 mg/kg: p < 0.05 and 0.001), and TNF-α (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg: p < 0.01, 0.05, and 0.001, respectively), besides reducing NO production (p < 0.05) in vitro. PC produced antinociceptive effect in tail-flick test (p < 0.05), which was antagonized by naloxone, naltrindole, nor-BNI, and CTOP, and increased (p < 0.001) the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons in PAG. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results provide information about the anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of PC suggesting a possible involvement of the opioid system and modulating some pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Miranda J, Lamana S, Dias E, Athie M, Parada C, Tambeli C. Effect of pain chronification and chronic pain on an endogenous pain modulation circuit in rats. Neuroscience 2015; 286:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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St-Jacques B, Ma W. Peripheral prostaglandin E2 prolongs the sensitization of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion neurons possibly by facilitating the synthesis and anterograde axonal trafficking of EP4 receptors. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:354-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Evidence for the involvement of spinal cord-inhibitory and cytokines-modulatory mechanisms in the anti-hyperalgesic effect of hecogenin acetate, a steroidal sapogenin-acetylated, in mice. Molecules 2014; 19:8303-16. [PMID: 24950436 PMCID: PMC6270830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hecogenin is a steroidal sapogenin largely drawn from the plants of the genus Agave, commonly known as ‘sisal’, and is one of the important precursors used by the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of steroid hormones. Hecogenin acetate (HA) is a steroidal sapogenin-acetylated that produces antinociceptive activity. Thus, we evaluate the antihyperalgesic profile of HA in mice in inflammatory models, as well as its possible involvement with c-fos expression on spinal cord area and cytokines to produces analgesic profile. Acute pretreatment with HA (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg; i.p.) inhibited the development of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, TNF-α, dopamine and PGE2. Additionally, the immunofluorescence data demonstrated that acute pretreatment with HA, at all doses tested, significantly inhibited Fos-like expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn normally observed after carrageenan-inflammation. Moreover, HA did not affect the motor performance of the mice as tested in the Rota rod test. This antinociceptive profile seems to be related, at least in part, to a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as IL-1β. The present results suggest that HA attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia by blocking the neural transmission of pain at the spinal cord levels and by cytokines-inhibitory mechanisms.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents recent findings on the role of prostaglandins in migraine pathophysiology. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental studies have shown that prostaglandins are distributed in the trigeminal-vascular system and its receptors are localized in the trigeminal ganglion and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Prostaglandins were found in smooth muscles of cranial arteries, and functional studies in vivo showed that prostaglandins induced dilatation of cranial vessels. Human studies showed that intravenous infusion of vasodilating prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), prostaglandin I₂ (PGI₂) and prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂) induced headache and dilatation of intra-cranial and extra-cranial arteries in healthy volunteers. In contrast, infusion of non-dilating prostaglandin F₂α (PGF₂α) caused no headache or any vascular responses in cranial arteries. PGE₂ and PGI₂ triggered migraine-like attacks in migraine patients without aura, accompanied by dilatation of the intra-cerebral and extra-cerebral arteries. A novel EP4 receptor antagonist could not prevent PGE₂-induced headache in healthy volunteers. SUMMARY Recent in-vitro/in-vivo data demonstrated presence and action of prostaglandins within the trigeminal pain pathways. Migraine induction after intravenous administration of PGE₂ and PGI₂ suggests a specific blockade of their receptors, EP and IP respectively, as a new potential drug target for the acute treatment of migraine.
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de Santana MT, de Oliveira MGB, Santana MF, De Sousa DP, Santana DG, Camargo EA, de Oliveira AP, Almeida JRGDS, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Citronellal, a monoterpene present in Java citronella oil, attenuates mechanical nociception response in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1144-1149. [PMID: 23795810 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.781656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Citronellal is a monoterpene present in the oil of many species, including Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt (Poaceae). OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effect of citronellal on inflammatory nociception induced by different stimuli and examined the involvement of the NO-cGMP-ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used male Swiss mice (n = 6 per group) that were treated intraperitoneally with citronellal (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) 0.5 h after the subplantar injection of 20 μl of carrageenan (CG; 300 µg/paw), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 100 pg/paw), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂; 100 ng/paw) or dopamine (DA; 30 μg/paw). The mechanical nociception was evaluated at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 h after the injection of the agents, using a digital analgesimeter (von Frey). The effects of citronellal were also evaluated in the presence of L-NAME (30 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). RESULTS At all times, citronellal in all doses inhibited the development of mechanical nociception induced by CG (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) and TNF-α (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05). The citronellal was able to increase the pain threshold in the DA test (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05) and in the PGE₂ test at all times (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05). L-NAME and glibenclamide reversed the antinociceptive effects of the citronellal at higher doses in the PGE₂ test. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These data suggest that citronellal attenuated mechanical nociception, mediated in part by the NO-cGMP-ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel pathway.
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Woode E, Ameyaw EO, Ainooson GK, Abotsi WK, Boakye-Gya E, Kyekyeku JO. Analgesic Effects of an Ethanol Extract of the Fruits of Xylopia aethiopica and Xylopic Acid in Murine Models of Pain: Possible Mechanism(s). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.285.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Navarro SA, Serafim KGG, Mizokami SS, Hohmann MSN, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Analgesic activity of piracetam: effect on cytokine production and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 105:183-92. [PMID: 23474372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Piracetam is a prototype of nootropic drugs used to improve cognitive impairment. However, recent studies suggest that piracetam can have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammatory pain is the result of a process that depends on neutrophil migration, cytokines and prostanoids release and oxidative stress. We analyze whether piracetam has anti-nociceptive effects and its mechanisms. Per oral pretreatment with piracetam reduced in a dose-dependent manner the overt pain-like behavior induced by acetic acid, phenyl-p-benzoquinone, formalin and complete Freund's adjuvant. Piracetam also diminished carrageenin-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, myeloperoxidase activity, and TNF-α-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Piracetam presented analgesic effects as post-treatment and local paw treatment. The analgesic mechanisms of piracetam were related to inhibition of carrageenin- and TNF-α-induced production of IL-1β as well as prevention of carrageenin-induced decrease of reduced glutathione, ferric reducing ability and free radical scavenging ability in the paw. These results demonstrate that piracetam presents analgesic activity upon a variety of inflammatory stimuli by a mechanism dependent on inhibition of cytokine production and oxidative stress. Considering its safety and clinical use for cognitive function, it is possible that piracetam represents a novel perspective of analgesic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen A Navarro
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Petho G, Reeh PW. Sensory and signaling mechanisms of bradykinin, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide in peripheral nociceptors. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1699-775. [PMID: 23073630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation or excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then travel to the central nervous system and may induce pain sensation. Sensitization of nociceptors refers to their increased responsiveness to either thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli that may be translated to corresponding hyperalgesias. This review aims to give an account of the excitatory and sensitizing actions of inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide on nociceptive primary afferent neurons. Manifestations, receptor molecules, and intracellular signaling mechanisms of the effects of these mediators are discussed in detail. With regard to signaling, most data reported have been obtained from transfected nonneuronal cells and somata of cultured sensory neurons as these structures are more accessible to direct study of sensory and signal transduction. The peripheral processes of sensory neurons, where painful stimuli actually affect the nociceptors in vivo, show marked differences with respect to biophysics, ultrastructure, and equipment with receptors and ion channels compared with cellular models. Therefore, an effort was made to highlight signaling mechanisms for which supporting data from molecular, cellular, and behavioral models are consistent with findings that reflect properties of peripheral nociceptive nerve endings. Identified molecular elements of these signaling pathways may serve as validated targets for development of novel types of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Petho
- Pharmacodynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Villarreal CF, Funez MI, Cunha FDQ, Parada CA, Ferreira SH. The long-lasting sensitization of primary afferent nociceptors induced by inflammation involves prostanoid and dopaminergic systems in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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PI3K contributed to modulation of spinal nociceptive information related to ephrinBs/EphBs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40930. [PMID: 22879882 PMCID: PMC3411731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence to implicate the importance of EphBs receptors and ephrinBs ligands were involved in modulation of spinal nociceptive information. However, the downstream mechanisms that control this process are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated whether phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), as the downstream effectors, participates in modulation of spinal nociceptive information related to ephrinBs/EphBs. Intrathecal injection of ephrinB1-Fc produced a dose- and time-dependent thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, accompanied by the increase of spinal PI3K-p110γ, phosphorylation of AKT (p-AKT) and c-Fos expression. Pre-treatment with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin or LY294002 prevented activation of spinal AKT induced by ephrinB1-Fc. Inhibition of spinal PI3K signaling dose-dependently prevented and reversed pain behaviors and spinal c-Fos protein expression induced by intrathecal injection of ephrinB1-Fc. Inhibition of EphBs receptors by intrathecal injection of EphB1-Fc reduced formalin-induced inflammation and chronic constrictive injury-induced neuropathic pain behaviors accompanied by decreased expression of spinal PI3K,p-AKT and c-Fos protein. Furthermore, pre-treatment with PI3K inhibitor wortmannin or LY294002 prevented ephrinB1-Fc-induced ERK activation in spinal. These data demonstrated that PI3K and PI3K crosstalk to ERK signaling contributed to modulation of spinal nociceptive information related to ephrinBs/EphBs.
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Antonova M, Wienecke T, Olesen J, Ashina M. Prostaglandin E(2) induces immediate migraine-like attack in migraine patients without aura. Cephalalgia 2012; 32:822-33. [PMID: 22718556 DOI: 10.1177/0333102412451360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine. In the present experiment we investigated if an intravenous infusion of PGE(2) would induce migraine-like attacks in patients with migraine. METHODS Twelve patients with migraine without aura were randomly allocated to receive 0.4 µg/kg/min PGE(2) (Prostin(®)E2, dinoprostone) or placebo over 25 minutes in a two-way, crossover study. Headache intensity was recorded on a verbal rating scale, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (V(MCA)) was measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD) and diameter of the superficial temporal artery (STA) was obtained by c-series scan (Dermascan C). RESULTS In total, nine migraine patients (75%) experienced migraine-like attacks after PGE(2) compared to none after placebo (p = 0.004). Seven out of 9 (58%) patients reported the migraine-like attacks during the immediate phase (0-90 min) (p = 0.016). Only two patients experienced the delayed migraine-like attacks several hours after the PGE(2) infusion stop (p = 0.500). The V(MCA) decreased during the PGE(2) infusion (p = 0.005) but there was no significant dilatation of the STA (p = 0.850). CONCLUSION The migraine-like attacks during, and immediately after, the PGE(2) infusion contrast with those found in previous provocation studies, in which the other pharmacological compounds triggered the delayed migraine-like attacks several hours after the infusion. We suggest that PGE(2) may be one of the important final products involved in the generation of migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonova
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Oliveira MGB, Marques RB, Santana MF, Santos ABD, Brito FA, Barreto EO, Sousa DP, Almeida FRC, Badauê-Passos D, Antoniolli ÂR, Quintans-Júnior LJ. α-Terpineol Reduces Mechanical Hypernociception and Inflammatory Response. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:120-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosemarie B. Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Federal University of Piauí; Teresina; PI; Brazil
| | - Michele F. Santana
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; Aracaju; SE; Brazil
| | - Amanda B. D. Santos
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; Aracaju; SE; Brazil
| | - Fabíola A. Brito
- Laboratory of Cell Biology; Federal University of Alagoas; Maceió; AL; Brazil
| | - Emiliano O. Barreto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology; Federal University of Alagoas; Maceió; AL; Brazil
| | - Damião P. Sousa
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; Aracaju; SE; Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. C. Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Federal University of Piauí; Teresina; PI; Brazil
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Guimarães AG, Xavier MA, de Santana MT, Camargo EA, Santos CA, Brito FA, Barreto EO, Cavalcanti SCH, Antoniolli ÂR, Oliveira RCM, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Carvacrol attenuates mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory response. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 385:253-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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