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Sen K, Kumar Das S, Ghosh N, Sinha K, Sil PC. Lupeol: A dietary and medicinal triterpene with therapeutic potential. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116545. [PMID: 39293501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Lupeol, a triterpene derived from various plants, has emerged as a potent dietary supplement with extensive therapeutic potential. This review offers a comprehensive examination of lupeol's applications across diverse health conditions. By meticulously analyzing current scientific literature, we have synthesized findings that underscore lupeol's impact on cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological diseases, dermatological conditions, nephrological issues, and cardiovascular health. The review delves into molecular studies that reveal lupeol's ability to modulate disease pathways and alleviate symptoms, positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent. Moreover, we discuss the potential role of lupeol in clinical practice and public health strategies, emphasizing its substantial benefits as a natural compound. This thorough analysis serves as a critical resource for researchers, providing insights into the multifaceted therapeutic properties of lupeol and its potential to significantly enhance health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Sen
- Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram 721507, India
| | | | | | | | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India.
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Shao G, Liu Y, Lu L, Wang L, Ji G, Xu H. Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of digestive inflammatory cancer transformation: Portulaca oleracea L. as a promising drug. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:117999. [PMID: 38447616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for centuries to treat various types of inflammation and tumors of the digestive system. Portulaca oleracea L. (POL), has been used in TCM for thousands of years. The chemical composition of POL is variable and includes flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and organic acids and other classes of natural compounds. Many of these compounds exhibit powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer-transforming effects in the digestive system. AIM OF STUDY In this review, we focus on the potential therapeutic role of POL in NASH, gastritis and colitis and their associated cancers, with a focus on the pharmacological properties and potential mechanisms of action of the main natural active compounds in POL. METHODS The information and data on Portulaca oleracea L. and its main active ingredients were collated from various resources like ethnobotanical textbooks and literature databases such as CNKI, VIP (Chinese literature), PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier and Google Scholar (English literatures), Wiley, Springer, Tailor and Francis, Scopus, Inflibnet. RESULTS Kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, genistein, EPA, DHA, and melatonin were found to improve NASH and NASH-HCC, while kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin played a therapeutic role in gastritis and gastric cancer. Apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, quercetin, genistein, lupeol, vitamin C and melatonin were found to have therapeutic effects in the treatment of colitis and its associated cancers. The discovery of the beneficial effects of these natural active compounds in POL supports the idea that POL could be a promising novel candidate for the treatment and prevention of inflammation-related cancers of the digestive system. CONCLUSION The discovery of the beneficial effects of these natural active compounds in POL supports the idea that POL could be a promising novel candidate for the treatment and prevention of inflammation-related cancers of the digestive system. However, clinical data describing the mode of action of the naturally active compounds of POL are still lacking. In addition, pharmacokinetic data for POL compounds, such as changes in drug dose and absorption rates, cannot be extrapolated from animal models and need to be measured in patients in clinical trials. On the one hand, a systematic meta-analysis of the existing publications on TCM containing POL still needs to be carried out. On the other hand, studies on the hepatic and renal toxicity of POL are also needed. Additionally, well-designed preclinical and clinical studies to validate the therapeutic effects of TCM need to be performed, thus hopefully providing a basis for the validation of the clinical benefits of POL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Shao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China.
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, China.
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Harwansh RK, Chauhan S, Deshmukh R, Mazumder R. Recent Insight into Herbal Bioactives-based Novel Approaches for Chronic Intestinal Inflammatory Disorders Therapy. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:1835-1857. [PMID: 38310453 DOI: 10.2174/0113892010282432231222060355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a life-threatening complex disease. It causes chronic intestinal inflammation in GIT. IBD significantly affects people's lifestyles and carries a high risk of colon cancer. IBD involves the rectum, ileum, and colon, with clinical manifestations of bloody stools, weight loss, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. The prevalence of inflammatory disease is increasing dramatically worldwide. Over 16 million people are affected annually in India, with an economic burden of $6.8- $8.8 billion for treatment. Modern medicine can manage IBD as immunosuppressive agents, corticosteroids, tumor necrosis factor antagonists, integrin blockers, and amino-salicylates. However, these approaches are allied with limitations such as limited efficacy, drug resistance, undesired side effects, and overall cost, which cannot be ignored. Hence, the herbal bioactives derived from various plant resources can be employed in managing IBD. Science Direct, PubMed, Google, and Scopus databases have been searched for conclusively relevant herbal plant-based anti-inflammatory agent compositions. Studies were screened through analysis of previously published review articles. Eminent herbal bioactives, namely curcumin, resveratrol, ellagic acid, silybin, catechin, kaempferol, icariin, glycyrrhizin acid, berberine, quercetin, rutin, and thymol are reported to be effective against IBD. Herbal leads are promising treatment options for IBD; they have been shown to display antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties by targeting enzymes and regulating the expressions of various inflammatory mediators. Natural products have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in various clinical and preclinical studies, and some are available as herbal preparations. Herbal medicine would be promising in association with the implication of a novel drug delivery system for managing IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Sonia Chauhan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
- NIET Pharmacy Institute, Greater Noida, 201310, India
| | - Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- NIET Pharmacy Institute, Greater Noida, 201310, India
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Kaggwa B, Anywar G, Munanura EI, Wangalwa R, Kyeyune H, Okella H, Kamba FP, Engeu OP. Application of the herbal chemical marker ranking system (Herb MaRS) to the standardization of herbal raw materials: a case study. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:348. [PMID: 37777721 PMCID: PMC10542261 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phytochemical standardization of herbal materials involves establishing consistent levels of one or more active ingredients or markers. It ensures the authenticity and quality of herbal materials, extracts, and their products. This research aimed to apply the herbal chemical marker ranking system (Herb MaRS) originally proposed for quality assurance of complex herbal products to establish markers for controlling the quality of herbal raw materials. METHODS The assessment of compounds for suitability as markers was based on the Herb MaRS, with minor modifications as follows: for more objective scoring, evidence of biological activity of the potential marker compound(s) was determined at three levels based on the number of symptoms of the disease condition a compound can treat or alleviate: (i) one symptom (1 point), two symptoms (2 points), and 3 or more symptoms (3 points). The reported concentrations of the compounds were also scored as follows: concentration not determined (0 points), concentration ≥ 5 ppm (1 point), concentration ≥ 50 ppm (2 points) and availability of analytical standards (1 point). Finally, the compounds were scored for the availability of an analytical method (1 point). The compounds were scored from 0 to 8, where 8 indicated the most suitable chemical marker. RESULTS The selected markers were as follows: aromadendrine, α-terpineol, globulol, and 1,8-cineol (in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ); aloin, aloe emodin, acemannan (in Aloe barbadensis (L.) Burm.f. ), lupeol, lupenone, betulinic acid, betulin, and catechin (in Albizia coriaria Oliv.); mangiferin, catechin, quercetin, and gallic acid (in Mangifera indica L.); polygodial (in Warburgia ugandensis Sprague); azadirachtin, nimbin, nimbidin (in Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ); and 6,8,10-gingerols, and 6-shogaol (in Zingiber officinalis Roscoe). CONCLUSIONS Herb MaRS can be efficiently applied to select marker compounds for quality control of herbal materials. However, for herbs whose phytochemicals have not been sufficiently researched, it is difficult to establish evidence of activity, and there are no analytical standards and/or methods; this is the case for plants exclusively used in Africa. The markers identified should be incorporated into chromatographic fingerprints, their quantitative methods developed, and evaluated for applicability at the various stages of the production chain of herbal medicines; then, they can be included in future local plant monographs. There is also a need to build local capacity to isolate marker compounds, particularly those that are not sold by current vendors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruhan Kaggwa
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center (PHARMBIOTRAC), PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Godwin Anywar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Edson Ireeta Munanura
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Raphael Wangalwa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O BOX 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Henry Kyeyune
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hedmon Okella
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center (PHARMBIOTRAC), PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Fadhiru Pakoyo Kamba
- Department of Pharmacy, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ogwang Patrick Engeu
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Center (PHARMBIOTRAC), PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Rivera Rodríguez R, Johnson JJ. Terpenes: Modulating anti-inflammatory signaling in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108456. [PMID: 37247693 PMCID: PMC10527092 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) are autoimmune diseases characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. Considered a western disease, IBD incidence in newly developed countries is skyrocketing. Accordingly, global prevalence is steadily increasing. There are two major IBD phenotypes, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). UC manifests as uninterrupted inflammation localized in the colon and rectum. Meanwhile, CD presents as interrupted inflammation that can occur throughout the digestive tract. As a result, therapeutics have focused on anti-inflammatory approaches for its treatment. Unfortunately, only 50% of patients benefit from current Food and Drug Administration approved treatments, and all are associated with serious adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for safer and novel therapeutics to increase the efficacy in this population. One aspect that is critical in understanding IBD is how food and phytochemicals therein may be associated with modifying the pathogenesis of IBD. A variety of retrospective and prospective studies, and clinical trials have shown benefits of plant-rich diets on the prevention and symptomatic improvement of IBD. The Mediterranean diet is rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes, and herbs; and characterized by the abundance of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. An understudied phytochemical class enriched in this diet is terpenes; isoprene-based molecules are widely available in Mediterranean herbs and citrus fruits. Various terpenes have been evaluated in different IBD models. However, some present contradictory or inconclusive results. Therefore, in this review we evaluated preclinical studies of terpenes modulating basic inflammatory signaling related to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rivera Rodríguez
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, United States of America
| | - Jeremy James Johnson
- University of Illinois Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, United States of America.
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Park JS, Rehman IU, Choe K, Ahmad R, Lee HJ, Kim MO. A Triterpenoid Lupeol as an Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Agent: Impacts on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:3059. [PMID: 37447385 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease illustrated by neuronal dysfunctions, leading to memory weaknesses and personality changes mostly in the aged population worldwide. The exact cause of AD is unclear, but numerous studies have addressed the involvement of oxidative stress (OS), induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), to be one of the leading causes in developing AD. OS dysregulates the cellular homeostasis, causing abnormal protein and lipid metabolism. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in modulating the antioxidant system and decreases the neuronal ROS level, thus playing an important therapeutic role in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in AD. Hence, medicinal herbs and their extracts have received global attention as a commercial source of antioxidants Lupeol. Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and has many biological functions. It is available in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants. It has shown effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and higher blood-brain barrier permeability. Also, the binding and inhibitory potentials of Lupeol have been investigated and proved to be effective against certain receptor proteins and enzymes in AD studies by computational molecular docking approaches. Therefore, AD-related research has gained interest in investigating the therapeutic effects of Lupeol. However, despite its beneficial effects in AD, there is still a lack of research in Lupeol. Hence, we compiled in this analysis all preclinical research that looked at Lupeol as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Park
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyonghwan Choe
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Lee
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Wang K, Mao T, Lu X, Wang M, Yun Y, Jia Z, Shi L, Jiang H, Li J, Shi R. A potential therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis: targeted regulation of macrophage polarization through phytochemicals. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155077. [PMID: 37197668 PMCID: PMC10183582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a type of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurring and incurable symptoms, causes immense suffering and economic burden for patients due to the limited treatment options available. Therefore, it is imperative to develop novel and promising strategies, as well as safe and effective drugs, for the clinical management of UC. Macrophages play a critical role as the initial line of defense in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis, and their phenotypic transformation significantly influences the progression of UC. Scientific studies have demonstrated that directing macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype is an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of UC. Phytochemicals derived from botanical sources have garnered the interest of the scientific community owing to their distinct bioactivity and nutritional value, which have been shown to confer beneficial protective effects against colonic inflammation. In this review, we explicated the influence of macrophage polarization on the development of UC and collated data on the significant potential of natural substances that can target the macrophage phenotype and elucidate the possible mechanism of action for its treatment. These findings may provide novel directions and references for the clinical management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Muyuan Wang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Yun
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Jia
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxi Jiang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junxiang Li, ; Rui Shi,
| | - Rui Shi
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junxiang Li, ; Rui Shi,
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Kongwattanakul S, Petchann N, Petroch P, Thanthong S, Tungfung S, Chamchod S, Pitiporn S, Nantajit D. Prophylactic management of radiation-induced mucositis using herbal mouthwash in patients with head and neck cancer: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 19:771-780. [PMID: 35218685 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Radiation-induced mucositis (RIOM) is one of the most common side effects from head and neck radiotherapy. Several reagents have been introduced to manage the symptom; however, there is still a limited number of effective reagents. Herbal mouthwashes with payayor (Clinacanthus nutans Lindau) and fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda) were tested their efficacies in preventing and reducing severity of RIOM in comparison with normal saline with sodium bicarbonate. METHODS One hundred twenty patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy participated in the study and were randomly assigned into three treatment groups using block randomization method. The participants were assigned one of the three mouthwashes for use throughout their radiotherapy course and were assessed for their mucositis scores from week one to six into their radiotherapy course as well as at one-month follow-up. Body mass index was also measured for comparison of nutritional status. RESULTS The two mouthwashes were similarly effective in prophylaxis of RIOM in term of severity. The averaged mucositis scores were less than two for all groups. For the onset of RIOM, both herbal mouthwashes could slightly delay the symptom but not statistically significant. Patients' body mass index across the three treatment groups was also comparable. The patients were largely satisfied with all the mouthwashes with no clear preference on any of them. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic treatment of RIOM using herbal mouthwashes could substitute the current standard of normal saline with bicarbonate. A different formulation of the two herbs could potentially improve the prophylactic outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION NO NCT03359187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikorn Kongwattanakul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutjaree Petchann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Petcharat Petroch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengrawee Thanthong
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunanta Tungfung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasikarn Chamchod
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chulabhorn Hospital, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Pitiporn
- Chaopraya Abhaiphubejhr Hospital, Prachinburi, Thailand
- Chaopraya Abhaiphubejhr Hospital Foundation, Prachinburi, Thailand
| | - Danupon Nantajit
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Lupeol Treatment Attenuates Activation of Glial Cells and Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Neuropathology in Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116086. [PMID: 35682768 PMCID: PMC9181489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) signifies a major cause of death and disability. TBI causes central nervous system (CNS) damage under a variety of mechanisms, including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Astrocytes and microglia, cells of the CNS, are considered the key players in initiating an inflammatory response after injury. Several evidence suggests that activation of astrocytes/microglia and ROS/LPO have the potential to cause more harmful effects in the pathological processes following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have established that lupeol provides neuroprotection through modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in Aβ and LPS model and neurodegenerative disease. However, the effects of lupeol on apoptosis caused by inflammation and oxidative stress in TBI have not yet been investigated. Therefore, we explored the role of Lupeol on antiapoptosis, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative stress and its potential mechanism following TBI. In these experiments, adult male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, TBI, TBI+ Lupeol, and Sham group. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and ROS/LPO assays were performed to investigate the role of lupeol against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Lupeol treatment reversed TBI-induced behavioral and memory disturbances. Lupeol attenuated TBI-induced generation of reactive oxygen species/lipid per oxidation (ROS/LPO) and improved the antioxidant protein level, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the mouse brain. Similarly, our results indicated that lupeol treatment inhibited glial cell activation, p-NF-κB, and downstream signaling molecules, such as TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-1β, in the mouse cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, lupeol treatment also inhibited mitochondrial apoptotic signaling molecules, such as caspase-3, Bax, cytochrome-C, and reversed deregulated Bcl2 in TBI-treated mice. Overall, our study demonstrated that lupeol inhibits the activation of astrocytes/microglia and ROS/LPO that lead to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis followed by TBI.
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Wu L, Seon GM, Kim Y, Choi SH, Vo QC, Yang HC. Enhancing effect of sodium butyrate on phosphatidylserine–liposome-induced macrophage polarization. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:641-652. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Renda G, Gökkaya İ, Şöhretoğlu D. Immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2021; 21:537-563. [PMID: 34812259 PMCID: PMC8600492 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is one of the main defence mechanisms of the human body. Inadequacy of this system or immunodeficiency results in increased risk of infections and tumours, whereas over-activation of the immune system causes allergic or autoimmune disorders. A well-balanced immune system is important for protection and for alleviation of these diseases. There is a growing interest to maintain a well-balanced immune system, especially after the Covid-19 pandemic. Many biological extracts, as well as natural products, have become popular due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influence on the immune system. Triterpenes, one of the secondary metabolite groups of medicinal plants, exhibit immunomodulatory properties by various mechanisms. Different triterpenes, including components of commonly consumed plants, can promote some protection and alleviation of disease symptoms linked with immune responses and thus enhance overall well-being. This review aims to highlight the efficacy of triterpenes in light of the available literature evidence regarding the immunomodulatory properties of triterpenes. We have reviewed widely investigated immunomodulatory triterpenes; oleanolic acid, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, pristimerin, ursolic acid, boswellic acid, celastrol, lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, ganoderic acid, cucumarioside, and astragalosides which have important immunoregulatory properties. In spite of many preclinical and clinical trials were conducted on triterpenes related to their immunoregulatory actions, current studies have several limitations. Therefore, especially more clinical studies with optimal design is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Renda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - İçim Gökkaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61100 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Didem Şöhretoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara Turkey
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Barros CH, Matosinhos RC, Bernardes ACFPF, Araújo MCDPM, Bezerra JP, Sachs D, Soares RDDOA, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Lychnophora pinaster's effects on inflammation and pain in acute gout. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114460. [PMID: 34324952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethanolic extract of aerial parts from Lychnophora pinaster Mart. are used in traditional Brazilian medicine for treating pain, rheumatism and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY Drugs for the treatment of gout present severe adverse effects, justifying the need to search for new therapeutic options. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the ethanolic extract of L. pinaster and its main constituents in arthritis induced in mice by the injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antinociceptive effect was investigated using an electronic pressure-meter nociception paw test in C57BL/6 mice. Anti-gouty arthritis was investigated in mice induced with gout by the injection of MSU crystals into their femur-tibial tissue. Ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Lychnophora pinaster and its main chemical constituents were evaluated as treatment. RESULTS The ethanolic extract and their main chemical constituents inhibited neutrophil migration, reduced IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations in the inflamed tissue and showed antinociceptive activity. CONCLUSIONS Gouty arthritis effects of the ethanolic extract can be attached to a synergistic effect of terpenes, flavonoids and phenolic acids present in the extract. Results obtained support the use of this extract and its main chemical constituents in the treatment of gout, inflammation, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Helena Barros
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cunha Matosinhos
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Pantaleão Bezerra
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Sachs
- Instituto de Física e Química, Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Dênia Antunes Saúde-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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13
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Toledo CR, Paiva MRB, Castro BFM, Pereira VV, Cenachi SPDF, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Fialho SL, Silva-Cunha A. Intravitreal lupeol: A new potential therapeutic strategy for noninfectious uveitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112145. [PMID: 34507119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpene with known anti-inflammatory effects. However, its role in the treatment of noninfectious uveitis has not been explored. This work investigated anti-inflammatory activity of lupeol in ocular tissues with in vitro and in vivo models. First, we evaluated the effect of lupeol (100 µM) on inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) by measuring levels of released interleukins (IL-6 and IL-8). Then, we investigated the anti-inflammatory action of intravitreal lupeol in a rodent model of panuveitis induced by Mycobacterium bovis Calmette-Guérin Bacillus (BCG). Rats were submitted to electroretinography and clinical analyses on days 3, 7, and 15 after uveitis induction. In addition, histopathological analysis, and indirect quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) in the posterior segment were performed. Treatment with lupeol (100 µM) significantly decreased IL-6 and IL-8 levels in comparison to untreated LPS-activated ARPE-19 cells. This reduction was similar to that detected in ARPE-19 cells treated with dexamethasone. The results of the in vivo assay demonstrated that intravitreal lupeol is able to modulate inflammation in the anterior and posterior segment of the rat eyes, indicating that it should be further investigated as a novel potential candidate for management of uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Rodrigues Toledo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Brenda Fernanda Moreira Castro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius Viana Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Pereira de Freitas Cenachi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Vítor Vasconcelos-Santos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Sílvia Ligório Fialho
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Armando Silva-Cunha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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14
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Du Y, Rong L, Cong Y, Shen L, Zhang N, Wang B. Macrophage polarization: an effective approach to targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:191-209. [PMID: 33682588 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1901079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disease with immune abnormalities that can affect the entire digestive tract. A high percentage of patients with IBD are unresponsive to current pharmacological agents, hence the need exists for novel therapeutic approaches. There is compelling evidence that macrophage polarization plays a key role in the remission of IBD patients and that it could open up future treatment options for patients.Areas covered: This paper highlights the crucial role of macrophage polarization in IBD. The authors shed light on the phenotype and function of macrophages and potential drug targets for polarization regulation. Existing approaches for regulating macrophage polarization are discussed and potential solutions for safety concerns are considered. We performed a literature search on the IBD and macrophage polarization mainly published in PubMed January 2010-July 2020.Expert opinion: Evidence indicates that there are fewer M2 macrophages and a high proportion of M1 macrophages in the intestinal tissues of individuals who are non- responsive to treatment. Regulating macrophage polarization is a potential novel targeted option for IBD treatment. Improved mechanistic insights are required to uncover more precise and effective targets for skewing macrophages into a proper phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Du
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Rong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Cong
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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15
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Han YM, Koh J, Kim JH, Lee J, Im JP, Kim JS. Astragalin Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells and Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice. Gut Liver 2021; 15:100-108. [PMID: 32390406 PMCID: PMC7817923 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside) is a flavonoid isolated from the leaves of persimmon or Rosa agrestis. Astragalin exhibits various anti-inflammatory properties; however, little is known about its therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of astragalin via blockade of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in human colonic epithelial cells and a murine colitis model. Methods HCT-116 and HT-29 human colonic epithelial cells were pretreated with astragalin and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cell viability was assessed by the MTS assay. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the messenger RNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. The effect of astragalin on the NF-κB pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis of inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation/degradation and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute murine colitis model was used for in vivo experiments. Results Astragalin strongly suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human colonic epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that astragalin inhibited IκBα phosphorylation/degradation. Additionally, astragalin reduced the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Astragalin alleviated colon shortening and improved the pathologic scores in DSS-induced acute murine colitis model. Furthermore, astragalin reduced the level of phosphorylated IκBα and decreased the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the DSS-treated colon mucosa. Conclusions Astragalin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect through NF-κB pathway inhibition and attenuated murine colitis. Astragalin is thus a potential therapeutic agent for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Min Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Liu K, Zhang X, Xie L, Deng M, Chen H, Song J, Long J, Li X, Luo J. Lupeol and its derivatives as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105373. [PMID: 33316380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid that widely exists in edible fruits and vegetables, and medicinal plants. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of lupeol have been conducted and have demonstrated that lupeol possesses an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Pharmacokinetic studies have indicated that absorption of lupeol by animals was rapid despite its nonpolar characteristics, and lupeol belongs to class II BCS (biopharmaceutics classification system) compounds. Moreover, the bioactivities of some isolated or synthesized lupeol derivatives have been investigated, and these results showed that, with modification to C-3 or C-19, some derivatives exhibit stronger activities, e.g., antiprotozoal or anticancer activity. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of lupeol in the last decade with an emphasis on its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the research progress of lupeol derivatives thus far, to provide researchers with the latest information, point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Jia Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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17
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Zheng J, Kong Y, Hu X, Li Z, Li Y, Zhong Y, Wei X, Ling J. MicroRNA-enriched small extracellular vesicles possess odonto-immunomodulatory properties for modulating the immune response of macrophages and promoting odontogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:517. [PMID: 33256846 PMCID: PMC7708107 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the odonto-immunomodulatory properties of dental pulp stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (DPSCs-sEV), which promote odontogenesis by switching macrophages toward the pro-healing M2 phenotype. Methods MicroRNA sequencing was carried out for microRNA profiling of DPSCs-sEV. Automated Western blot, qPCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry were performed to identify the functions of microRNA-enriched DPSCs-sEV in macrophages. A luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to confirm exosomal miR-125a-3p’s direct target gene. DPSCs-sEV-stimulated macrophage-conditioned media were used to promote odontogenesis in DPSCs and explore the mechanism of immune response in DPSCs-SEV-stimulated odontogenesis. DPSCs-sEV were injected into the exposed pulp tissue of rat incisor to investigate the odonto-immunomodulatory properties of DPSCs-sEV in vivo. Results DPSCs-sEV switched macrophages to the pro-healing M2 phenotype by inhibiting TLR and NFκΒ signaling. MicroRNA sequencing found 81 microRNAs significantly altered in DPSCS-sEV, with miR-125a-3p showing a 12-fold upregulation. Exosomal miR-125a-3p switched macrophages toward the M2 phenotype via inhibiting NFκΒ and TLR signaling via direct IKBKB targeting. Interestingly, DPSCs-sEV and the encapsulated miR-125a-3p enhanced BMP2 release in macrophages, promoting odontogenesis in DPSCs through BMP2 pathway activation. The rat study confirmed that DPSCs-sEV could be used as ideal biomimetic tools to enhance odontogenesis by switching macrophages toward pro-healing M2 cells. Conclusions We firstly defined the odonto-immunomodulatory properties of microRNA-enriched DPSCs-sEV, which could be used as ideal biomimetic tools to enhance odontogenesis by switching macrophages toward the pro-healing M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhishan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingqun Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Junqi Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.
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18
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Lupeol Counteracts the Proinflammatory Signalling Triggered in Macrophages by 7-Keto-Cholesterol: New Perspectives in the Therapy of Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1232816. [PMID: 33062133 PMCID: PMC7537694 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1232816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage activation and polarization play a central role in atherosclerotic plaque fate. The M1/M2 activation phenotypes represent two profiles of the macrophage polarization state. During atherosclerosis regression or stabilization, macrophages switch from M1 proinflammatory phenotype to M2 anti-inflammatory reparative one. Here, we investigated whether the natural compound lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, induces phenotypical and functional changes in human M1 macrophages and counteracts the proinflammatory signalling triggered by 7-keto-cholesterol (7KC), a major product of oxidative stress-mediated cholesterol oxidation. Flow cytometric and immunochemical analysis showed that the treatment with lupeol of M1 monocyte-derived macrophages M(IFN-γ/LPS) specifically stimulated these cells to upregulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-)10 and TGF-β, and of the scavenger receptor CD36, whereas downregulated the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and the M1 activation marker HLA-DR. Pretreatment of macrophages with lupeol prevented the release of IL-12, IL-1β, and the upregulation of HLA-DR expression triggered by 7KC and increased the IL-10 production and CD36 expression. This treatment also prevented the impairment of endocytosis triggered by 7KC and prevented 7KC-induced foam cell formation by reducing the lipid droplet accumulation in M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages, whereas showed an additive effect in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Western blotting analysis of autophagy markers LC3-I/II and p62-SQSTM1 in M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages demonstrated that lupeol activated autophagy as indicated by increased LC3-II levels, and by marked inhibition of p62. These findings indicate that lupeol has a cytoprotective effect on 7KC-proinflammatory signalling by efficiently switching the macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, probably through the activation of the autophagy pathway by increasing ROS production, the reduction of cellular lipid accumulation, and an overall reduction of proinflammatory phenotype. Thus, our data demonstrating an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of lupeol in human M1 macrophages suggest its usefulness as an adjunctive drug in the therapy of atherosclerosis.
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19
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Ahmad R, Khan A, Lee HJ, Ur Rehman I, Khan I, Alam SI, Kim MO. Lupeol, a Plant-Derived Triterpenoid, Protects Mice Brains against Aβ-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100380. [PMID: 32993092 PMCID: PMC7601269 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that represents 60–70% of all dementia cases. AD is characterized by the formation and accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal cell loss. Further accumulation of Aβ in the brain induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and synaptic and memory dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the natural triterpenoid lupeol in the Aβ1-42 mouse model of AD. An Intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of Aβ (3 µL/5 min/mouse) into the brain of a mouse increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, neuroinflammation, and memory and cognitive dysfunction. The oral administration of lupeol at a dose of 50 mg/kg for two weeks significantly decreased the oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and memory impairments. Lupeol decreased the oxidative stress via the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brain of adult mice. Moreover, lupeol treatment prevented neuroinflammation by suppressing activated glial cells and inflammatory mediators. Additionally, lupeol treatment significantly decreased the accumulation of Aβ and beta-secretase-1 (BACE-1) expression and enhanced the memory and cognitive function in the Aβ-mouse model of AD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects of lupeol against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Our findings suggest that lupeol could serve as a novel, promising, and accessible neuroprotective agent against progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1345; Fax: +82-55-772-2656
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20
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Pathania S, Bansal P, Gupta P, Rawal RK. Genus Calotropis: A Hub of Medicinally Active Phytoconstituents. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190619095933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional medicines derived from plant and other natural sources have several
advantages over synthetic drugs when used for the management of pathological conditions.
Natural product based therapies are safer than synthetic drugs-based chemotherapies. One of
such sources of bioactive molecules includes C. procera and C. gigantea, flowering herbal
plants, belonging to the genus Calotropis, family Apocynaceae, which, due to their diverse
pharmacological profile, have been widely employed in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and other
traditional systems for the treatment of various diseases. The various parts of this plant are
rich in phytoconstituents such as cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenolic
compounds, proteins etc. Due to the presence of multiple constituents, this plant possess
diverse biological activities such as analgesic, antitumor, antihelmintic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective,
antidiarrhoeal, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, oestrogenic, antinociceptive, antimalarial
activity etc. The present review provides comprehensive information about various
phytochemical constituents of the plant along with their medicinal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Pathania
- Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda (Punjab) 151001, India
| | - Parveen Bansal
- University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Ravindra K. Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-133207, Ambala, Haryana, India
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21
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Kang EA, Soh H, Park S, Lee HJ, Im JP, Kim JS. Soluble Siglec-9 alleviates intestinal inflammation through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106695. [PMID: 32570035 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a superfamily of immunoreceptors recognizing sialic acid. Siglec-9 has been shown to mediate inhibitory immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a soluble form of Siglec-9 (sSiglec-9) on inflamed intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), murine macrophages, and experimental murine colitis models. METHODS COLO 205 human IECs and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were pretreated with sSiglec-9 and then stimulated with TNF-α or lipopolysaccharides, respectively. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 and TNF-α was measured using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of sSiglec-9 on the NF-κB pathway, IκBα phosphorylation/degradation was determined using western blotting and the DNA binding activity of NF-κB was evaluated using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Further, mouse models with dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis and piroxicam-induced IL-10-/- chronic colitis were generated. Intraperitoneal injections of sSiglec-9 were performed, and body weight, colon length, and histopathologic findings were examined. RESULTS sSiglec-9 suppressed IL-8 and TNF-α gene expression in stimulated COLO 205 and RAW 264.7 cells. sSiglec-9 inhibited IκBα phosphorylation/degradation and the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. sSiglec-9 injections significantly ameliorated weight loss, colon shortening, and the severity of intestinal inflammation in acute and chronic colitis mouse models. CONCLUSION sSiglec-9 may inhibit NF-κB activation in IECs and macrophages and alleviate experimental colitis in mice, suggesting that sSiglec-9 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosim Soh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seona Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Gastroenterology, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon 21080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Harikrishnan H, Jantan I, Alagan A, Haque MA. Modulation of cell signaling pathways by Phyllanthus amarus and its major constituents: potential role in the prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:1-18. [PMID: 31792765 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The causal and functional connection between inflammation and cancer has become a subject of much research interest. Modulation of cell signaling pathways, such as those involving mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and Wnt, and their outcomes play a fundamental role in inflammation and cancer. Activation of these cell signaling pathways can lead to various aspects of cancer-related inflammation. Hence, compounds able to modulate inflammation-related molecular targets are sought after in anticancer drug development programs. In recent years, plant extracts and their metabolites have been documented with potential in the prevention and treatment of cancer and inflammatory ailments. Plants possessing anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties due to their bioactive constituents have been reported to modulate the molecular and cellular pathways which are related to inflammation and cancer. In this review we focus on the flavonoids (astragalin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin), lignans (phyllanthin, hypophyllanthin, and niranthin), tannins (corilagin, geraniin, ellagic acid, gallic acid), and triterpenes (lupeol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid) of Phyllanthus amarus, which exert various anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities via perturbation of the NF-κB, MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt signaling networks. Understanding the underlying mechanisms involved may help future research to develop drug candidates for prevention and new treatment for cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemavathy Harikrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Akilandeshwari Alagan
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600 048, India
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
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23
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Gao H, Wang X, Li M, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Aptasensor for Assessment of Protein Heterogeneity in Small Cell Population. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3052-3058. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, P.R. China
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24
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de-Almeida SCX, da-Silva ÂCF, Sousa NRT, Amorim IHF, Leite BG, Neves KRT, Costa JGM, Felipe CFB, de-Barros Viana GS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a triterpene-rich fraction from Himatanthus drasticus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e7798. [PMID: 31116311 PMCID: PMC6526755 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20197798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel belongs to the Apocynaceae family and the latex from its trunk bark (Hd) is known as “janaguba milk”. This latex is widely used in Northeast Brazil, mainly in the Cariri region, for its gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. The objective of this study was to investigate a triterpene-rich fraction (FJNB) from H. drasticus latex on acute models of nociception and inflammation and to clarify its mechanisms of action. Wistar rats or Swiss mice were subjected to the carrageenan-induced paw edema test or the formalin test, respectively, after the acute oral treatment with FJNB. The inflamed paws from the carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin tests were processed for histological and immunohistochemical assays, respectively. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and considered significant at P<0.05. FJNB (10 mg/kg) decreased the paw edema by 25% at the 3rd h after the carrageenan injection. Indomethacin, used as reference, inhibited the paw edema by 59% at the same time-point. In the formalin test, FJNB inhibited the 1st phase by 27, 49, and 52% and the 2nd phase by 37, 50, and 67%, at the doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, FJNB significantly inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression and the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB) were also inhibited at the same doses. In conclusion, the FJNB inhibitory actions on iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, HDAC, and NF-kB could be involved with the drug anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C X de-Almeida
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - Â C F da-Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - N R T Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - I H F Amorim
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - B G Leite
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - K R T Neves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J G M Costa
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - C F B Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - G S de-Barros Viana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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25
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Driscoll K, Deshpande A, Chapp A, Li K, Datta R, Ramakrishna W. Anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects of rice callus suspension culture (RCSC) and bioactive fractions in an in vitro inflammatory bowel disease model. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:364-376. [PMID: 30831485 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice callus suspension culture (RCSC) has been shown to exhibit potent antiproliferative activity in multiple cancer cell lines. RCSC and its bioactive compounds can fill the need for drugs with no side effects. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The anti-inflammatory potential of RCSC and its bioactive fractions on normal colon epithelial cell lines, was investigated. STUDY DESIGN Three cell lines, InEpC, NCM356 and CCD841-CoN were treated with proinflammatory cytokines followed by RCSC. Cytoplasmic and nuclear ROS were assayed with fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometer. Expression analysis of immune-related genes was performed in RCSC-treated cell lines. RCSC was fractionated using column chromatography and HPLC. Pooled fractions 10-18 was used to test for antiproliferative activity using colon adenocarcinoma cell line, SW620 and anti-inflammatory activity using CCD841-CoN. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed to identify candidate compounds in four fractions. RESULTS RCSC treatment showed differential effects with higher cytoplasmic ROS levels in NCM356 and CCD841-CoN and lower ROS levels in InEpC. Nuclear generated ROS levels increased in all three treated cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis of propidium iodide stained cells indicated mitigation of cell death caused by inflammation in RCSC treated groups in both NCM356 and CCD841-CoN. Genes encoding transcription factors and cytokines were differentially regulated in NCM356 and CCD841-CoN cell lines treated with RCSC which provided insights into possible pathways. Analysis of pooled fractions 10-18 by HPLC identified 8 peaks. Cell viability assay with fractions 10-18 using SW620 showed that the number of viable cells were greatly reduced which was similar to 6X and 33X RCSC with very little effect on normal cells which similar to 1X RCSC. RCSC fractions increased nuclear and cytoplasmic ROS vs. both untreated and inflammatory control. Analysis of four fractions by mass spectrometry identified 4-deoxyphloridzin, 5'-methoxycurcumin, piceid and lupeol as candidate compounds which are likely to be responsible for the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties of RCSC. CONCLUSION RCSC and its fractions showed anti-inflammatory activity on inflamed colon epithelial cells. Downstream target candidate genes which are likely to mediate RCSC effects were identified. Candidate compounds responsible for the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity of RCSC and its fractions provide possible drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Driscoll
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Aparna Deshpande
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Chapp
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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26
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Hossen I, Hua W, Ting L, Mehmood A, Jingyi S, Duoxia X, Yanping C, Hongqing W, Zhipeng G, Kaiqi Z, Fang Y, Junsong X. Phytochemicals and inflammatory bowel disease: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1321-1345. [PMID: 30729797 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1570913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract is the second largest organ in the body that mainly functions in nutrients and minerals intake through the intestinal barrier. Intestinal permeability maintains the circulation of minerals and nutrients from digested foods. Life and all the metabolic processes depend either directly or indirectly on proper functioning of GI tract. Compromised intestinal permeability and related disorders are common among all the patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is a collective term of inflammatory diseases including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Many synthetic drugs are currently in use to treat IBD such as 5-aminosalicylic acid corticosteroids. However, they all have some drawbacks as long-term use result in many complications. These problems encourage us to look out for alternative medicine. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the plant-derived secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, alkaloids, terpenoids, oligosaccharides, and quinones could reduce permeability, ameliorate-related dysfunctions with promising results. In addition, many of them could modulate enzymatic activity, suppress the inflammatory transcriptional factors, ease oxidative stress, and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. In this review, we summarized the phytochemicals, which were proven potent in treating increased intestinal permeability and related complication along with their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Hossen
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Hua
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Ting
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Song Jingyi
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Duoxia
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Yanping
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Hongqing
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Zhipeng
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Kaiqi
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Junsong
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Plant Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, China
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27
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Antimicrobial and proinflammatory effects of two vipericidins. Cytokine 2018; 111:309-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Gabriele M, Pucci L, Árvay J, Longo V. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of fermented whole wheat on TNFα-stimulated HT-29 and NF-κB signaling pathway activation. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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29
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Pham Ba VA, Han YM, Cho Y, Kim T, Lee BY, Kim JS, Hong S. Modified Floating Electrode-Based Sensors for the Quantitative Monitoring of Drug Effects on Cytokine Levels Related with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17100-17106. [PMID: 29701994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modified floating electrode-based sensors were developed to quantitatively monitor the levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine related with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to evaluate the effect of drugs on the cytokine levels. Here, antibodies (anti-TNF-α) were immobilized on the floating electrodes of carbon nanotube devices, enabling selective and real-time detection of TNF-α among various cytokines linked to IBD. This sensor was able to measure the concentrations of TNF-α with a detection limit of 1 pg/L, allowing the quantitative estimation of TNF-α secretion from mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Notably, this method also allowed us to monitor the anti-inflammatory effect of a drug, lupeol, on the activation of the LPS-induced nuclear factor κB signaling in Raw 264.7 cells. These results indicate that our novel TNF sensor can be a versatile tool for biomedical research and clinical applications such as screening drug effects and monitoring inflammation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoo Min Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center , Seoul 06236 , Korea
| | | | - Taewan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Byung Yang Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute , Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center , Seoul 06236 , Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080 , Korea
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30
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The effects of glucose concentrations associated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulus on mediators' production of RAW 264.7 cells. Cytokine 2018; 107:18-25. [PMID: 29398279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that results in the impairment of the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. It can give rise to various complications, mainly caused by chronic exposure of cells to high glucose concentrations, including changes in the immune response processes. The aim of this study was to verify the chemokine and cytokines production profile in the presence of different glucose concentrations and infection/inflammatory stimuli. To this end, cell viability and the production of chemokines, cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) were analyzed in RAW 264.7 cell culture. Results demonstrated that there was no change in cell viability after 6, 24 and 72 h. Different stimuli were unable to modify the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. Groups stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and LPS and recombinant interferon (rIFN)-γ down-regulated interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-10 and IL-12 and up-regulated IL-6 production. NO production maintained a pattern of increase, according to the increase in glucose concentrations, reaching its peak at 72 h. In summary, the results demonstrated that high glucose concentrations alone may be sufficient to alter the in vitro mediators' production of RAW 264.7 cells.
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31
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Azeredo R, Serra CR, Oliva-Teles A, Costas B. Amino acids as modulators of the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, innate immune response: an in vitro approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18009. [PMID: 29269876 PMCID: PMC5740149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost innate immune system is a most developed and powerful system in which fish highly rely throughout their lives. Conditions in aquaculture farms are particularly prone to disease, thus, health and welfare ensuring strategies are an urgent call to which nutrition is gradually becoming a most regarded achievement tool. This study intended to evaluate different amino acids' effect on immune-related mechanisms as well as their potential as enhancers of European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, leucocyte functioning. To achieve these goals, primary cultures of head-kidney leucocytes were established and kept in amino acid (glutamine, arginine, tryptophan or methionine) supplemented culture media in two doses. The effects of amino acids treatments were then evaluated after stimulation with either Vibrio anguillarum or Vibrio anguillarum lipopolysaccharides by measuring nitric oxide production, extracellular respiratory burst, ATP and arginase activities, and expression of immune-related genes. Glutamine, arginine and tryptophan showed to be particularly relevant regarding cell energy dynamics; arginine and tryptophan supplementation also resulted in down-regulation of important immune-related genes. Immune responses in cells treated with methionine were generally enhanced but further studies, particularly those of enzymes activity, are essential to complement gene expression results and to better understand this nutrient's immune role in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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32
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Dey YN, Sharma G, Wanjari MM, Kumar D, Lomash V, Jadhav AD. Beneficial effect of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:53-62. [PMID: 27600166 PMCID: PMC7011945 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1226904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson (Araceae), commonly called Suran or Jimmikand, has high medicinal value and is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of different gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the effects of extracts of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tubers on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats were orally administered methanol extract (APME) or aqueous extract (APAE) (250 and 500 mg/kg) or standard drug, prednisolone (PRDS) (4 mg/kg) for 7 days. On 6th day of treatment, UC was induced by transrectal instillation of 4% acetic acid (AA) and after 48 h colitis was assessed by measuring colitis parameters, biochemical estimations and histology of colon. RESULTS APME or APAE pretreatment significantly (p < .05-.001) prevented AA-induced reduction in body weight and increase in colitis parameters viz. stool consistency, colon weight/length ratio and ulcer score, area and index. Extracts treatment attenuated (p < .001) increase in alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and myeloperoxidase activity and cytokines in colon tissue due to AA administration. Extracts treatment prevented AA-induced elevation in lipid peroxidation and decline in activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced-glutathione content (p < .05-.001) along with histopathological alterations. PRDS also showed similar ameliorative effect on colitis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION APME and APAE showed a preventive effect on UC, and ameliorated inflammation and oxidative damage in colon. The effects may be attributed to presence of phytochemicals, betulinic acid, β-sitosterol, and glucomannan. In conclusion, the tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius exhibited an anticolitic effect through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadu Nandan Dey
- National Research Institute for
Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh,
India, (Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences,
Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India)
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh,
India
| | - Garima Sharma
- School of Studies in Biomedical Technology,
Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manish M. Wanjari
- National Research Institute for
Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh,
India, (Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences,
Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India)
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research in Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh,
India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI
University, Kaula Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vinay Lomash
- Shriram Institute for Industrial
Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankush D. Jadhav
- National Research Institute for
Ayurveda-Siddha Human Resource Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh,
India, (Under Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences,
Ministry of AYUSH, New Delhi, India)
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33
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Sodium butyrate inhibits the NF-kappa B signaling pathway and histone deacetylation, and attenuates experimental colitis in an IL-10 independent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 51:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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34
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Borgohain MP, Chowdhury L, Ahmed S, Bolshette N, Devasani K, Das TJ, Mohapatra A, Lahkar M. Renoprotective and antioxidative effects of methanolic Paederia foetida leaf extract on experimental diabetic nephropathy in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:451-459. [PMID: 28111217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paederia foetida Linn. (Family: Rubiaceae) is widely used as a natural remedy for diabetes mellitus by the Nepali and Lepcha tribes of Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayan region. The plant is administered to a diabetic individual in the form of leaf infusion for 2-3 weeks. Therefore, we investigated the effects of methanolic leaf extract of Paederia foetida (MEPF) on alloxan (ALX) induced diabetic renal oxidative stress and NF-kB dependent renoinflammatory events in rat. Method Effects of MEPF on blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum and oxidative stress markers were evaluated in ALX induced diabetic wistar rats. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to estimate serum IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and renal tissue NF-kB p65 levels. MEPF treatment was given to the diabetic rats at a dose of 250 and 500mg/kg body weight (b.w.). RESULTS & DISCUSSION MEPF treatment significantly reduced hyperglycaemia, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TRIGs), and total cholesterol (TCHOL) levels in the diabetic rats, whereas it significantly restored GFR and serum albumin level. The activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machineries was remarkably augmented by MEPF treatment. Likewise, it also significantly lowered lipid peroxidation which was evidenced by decreased concentration of thiobarbituric reactive substances (malondialdehyde, MDA) in the renal tissue of treated diabetic groups. Moreover, MEPF treated animals exhibited low serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α compared to the diabetic control rats. It showed a dose dependent inhibition of NF-kB activation in the diabetic kidney, but the effects were more prominent at a dose of 500mg/kg. Histopathological examinations also confirmed its nephroprotective action during diabetes. CONCLUSION MEPF treatment mitigates oxidative stress and suppresses renal inflammation via inhibition of NF-kB in diabetic kidney in early progressive diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Borgohain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - L Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - N Bolshette
- Institute Level Biotech-hub, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - K Devasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T J Das
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - A Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - M Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India; Institute Level Biotech-hub, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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