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Pan H, Hu T, He Y, Zhong G, Wu S, Jiang X, Rao G, You Y, Ruan Z, Tang Z, Hu L. Curcumin attenuates aflatoxin B1-induced ileum injury in ducks by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:255-268. [PMID: 38400893 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a widespread toxic contamination in feed for animals. The primary active component of turmeric, curcumin (Cur), is an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory. However, it is yet unknown how AFB1 affects the intestinal epithelial barrier and whether Cur acts as a protective mechanism when exposed to AFB1. Here, we explored the mechanism of AFB1-induced intestinal injury from intestinal epithelial barrier, inflammation, pyroptosis, and intestinal flora, and evaluated the protective role of Cur. We found that AFB1 caused weight loss and intestinal morphological damage that is mainly characterized by shortened intestinal villi, deepened crypts, and damaged intestinal epithelium. Exposure to AFB1 decreased the expression of Claudin-1, MUC2, ZO-1, and Occludin and increased the expression of pyroptosis-related factors (NLRP3, GSDMD, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18) and inflammation-related factors (TLR4, NF-κB, IκB, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). Furthermore, ileal gut microbiota was altered, and simultaneously, the Lactobacillus abundance was decreased. The gut microbiota interacts with a wide range of physiologic functions and disease development in the host through its metabolites, and disturbances in gut microbial metabolism can cause functional impairment of the ileum. Meanwhile, Cur can ameliorate histological ileum injuries and intestinal flora disturbance caused by AFB1. We found that Cur reversed the effects of AFB1 through modulating both NLRP3 inflammasome and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, AFB1 can induce inflammatory damage and pyroptosis in duck ileum, while Cur has obviously protective effects on all the above damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai City, 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-ASEAN Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuanxuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gan Rao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanli You
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai City, 264005, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiyan Ruan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Food & Drug Vocational College, No. 321, Longdong North Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510520, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Raj J, Farkaš H, Jakovčević Z, Vasiljević M, Kumar R, Asrani RK. Effects of supplemented multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent in laying hens fed aflatoxin B1 and T2-toxin contaminated feeds. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102795. [PMID: 37327744 PMCID: PMC10404769 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the ability of multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA) in feed to prevent the gastrointestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T2-toxin supplemented via spiked maize. For comparisons, hens were fed with uncontaminated basal diet without or with addition of MMDA at 2 g/kg feed. The trial consisted of 105 laying hens (Lohmann Brown) without obvious signs of disease allocated to 7 treatment groups in 35 pens. Responses were demonstrated on laying performance and health status throughout the 42 d experimental period. The results of laying performance indicated significantly decreased egg mass with increasing mycotoxin (AFB1 and T2-toxin) levels up to the maximum tolerated dosage, however simultaneous presence of MMDA laying performance was slightly modified linearly to increasing application. Dose-dependent pathological changes in liver and kidneys and their relative weights, changes in blood parameters and reduced eggshell weights were observed in the hens fed AFB1 and T2-toxin. The pathological changes in the hens fed with diets containing AFB1 and T2-toxin without MMDA were significantly higher as compared with the control group, but eggshell stability was not affected. The contents of AFB1, T2-toxin and their metabolites in liver and kidney tissues were significantly decreased in the hens supplemented with MMDA at 2 and 3 g/kg in feed. MMDA supplementation significantly reduced the deposition of AFB1, T2-toxin and their metabolites in liver and kidneys at the maximum tolerated dosage (2 and 3 g/kg) indicating specific binding to AFB1 and T2-toxin in the digestive tract as compared to the corresponding diets without MMDA. Exposure of AFB1 and T2-toxin indicated significantly decreased egg mass with increasing mycotoxin levels up to the maximum tolerated dosage because of the significantly reduced egg production. Therefore, in this study, MMDA could reduce negative effects of feeding AFB1 and T-2 to laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jog Raj
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetković 1A, Mišićevo 24211, Serbia.
| | - Hunor Farkaš
- Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Ćetković 1A, Mišićevo 24211, Serbia
| | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, DGCN College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176062, India
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Onur M, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K, Acar A. Elucidating the toxicity mechanism of AFM 2 and the protective role of quercetin in albino mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1237. [PMID: 36690753 PMCID: PMC9870885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin M2 (AFM2) is a type of mycotoxin detected in milk or dairy products from animals consuming contaminated feed. In this study, the toxicity mechanism of AFM2 and the protective effects of quercetin were investigated in albino mice. For this purpose, the mice were divided into 6 groups and the groups were fed with quercetin and AFM2. The toxic effects of AFM2 and the protective properties of quercetin were investigated using physiological, biochemical and cytogenetic parameters. The genotoxic mechanism of AFM2 and the protective role of quercetin were investigated by molecular docking, which is an in silico model. As a result, 16 mg/kg b.w AFM2 administration caused serious changes in body weight, organ index, kidney and liver weight, and deterioration of antioxidant/oxidant balance in liver and kidney organs. The decrease in glutathione levels along with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver and kidney after AFM2 administration indicates that oxidative stress is induced. The increases in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartat transaminase (AST) levels, which are indicators of liver damage, and the increases in serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, which are indicators of kidney damage, confirm the damage in both organs. AFM2 also caused genotoxicity by inducing micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) in bone marrow tissue. It has been determined that AFM2, which exhibits genotoxicity as a result of its clastogenic and aneugenic effects, causes CAs by interacting with DNA. Quercetin provided significant protection by improving liver and kidney tissues, partial normalization in serum parameter levels, and severe reductions in MN and CAs. The highest protection was determined as 74.1% against dicentric chromosome formations in 50 mg/kg b.w quercetin application. The interaction of quercetin with xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase enzymes was determined in silico with an inhibition constant in the range of 283.71-476.17 nM. These interactions cause changes in the activity of enzymes, reducing the oxidative load in the cell, and in this way, quercetin provides protection. All toxic effects induced by AFM2 were decreased with quercetin administration dose-dependently, and this protective effect was associated with quercetin's reduction of oxidative load by inhibiting the free radical-producing enzyme. All toxic effects caused by AFM2 were decreased with quercetin administration in a dose-dependent manner, and this protective effect was associated with quercetin's reduction of oxidative load by inhibiting the enzyme that produces free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Onur
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Wang P, Wang Y, Feng T, Yan Z, Zhu D, Lin H, Iqbal M, Deng D, Kulyar MFEA, Shen Y. Hedyotis diffusa alleviate aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury in ducks by mediating Nrf2 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114339. [PMID: 36508825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the most harmful aflatoxins, is a frequent contamination in feed and food items, raising global concerns in animal production and human public health. Also, AFB1 induces oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, mutations, and DNA lesions through its metabolic transformation into aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO) by cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Hedyotis diffusa (HD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known for its multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. Yet, the influence of HD on AFB1-induced liver injury in ducks is still unknown. Here, we investigated whether HD positively affects AFB1-induced liver injury in ducks. Results revealed that I) AFB1 caused significant changes in serum biochemical indices and decreased growth performance of ducks (such as ALT, AST, ALP, TP, ALB, final body weight, and body weight gain), whereas HD supplementation at 200 mg/kg mitigated these alterations. II) HD alleviated hepatic histopathological changes and liver index induced by AFB1 in ducks. III) HD significantly attenuated AFB1-induced oxidative stress, as measured by increased antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, GPx, and T-AOC and decreased MDA levels. Furthermore, HD reduced the level of AFB1-DNA adduct in duck liver. IV) HD significantly promoted the transcriptional expression of NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2) and associated genes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that HD could activate the Nrf2 pathway in ducks to reduce the hepatotoxicity driven by AFB1. This finding also provides theoretical and data support for a deeper understanding of the toxic mechanisms of AFB1 and its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Tianyi Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ziyin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Di Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huixian Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dandan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | | | - Yaoqin Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Alharthi AS, Al Sulaiman AR, Aljumaah RS, Alabdullatif AA, Ferronato G, Alqhtani AH, Al-Garadi MA, Al-sornokh H, Abudabos AM. The efficacy of bentonite and zeolite in reducing aflatoxin B1 toxicity on production performance and intestinal and hepatic health of broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman S. Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali R. Al Sulaiman
- National Center for Environmental Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh S. Aljumaah
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alabdullatif
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giulia Ferronato
- Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture, Environment, Land Planning and Mathematics (DICATAM), Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussien Al-sornokh
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaeldein M. Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Naz M, Dai Z, Hussain S, Tariq M, Danish S, Khan IU, Qi S, Du D. The soil pH and heavy metals revealed their impact on soil microbial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115770. [PMID: 36104873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial community is the main indicator having a crucial role in the remediation of polluted soils. These microbes can alter soil pH, organic matter in soils (SOM), soil physic-chemical properties, and potential soil respiration rate via their enzymatic activities. Similarly, heavy metals also have a crucial role in soil enzymatic activities. For this purpose, a number of methods are studied to evaluate the impact of soil pH (a key factor in the formation of biogeographic microbial patterns in bacteria) on bacterial diversity. The effects of pH on microbial activity are glamorous but still unclear. Whereas, some studies also indicate that soil pH alone is not the single key player in the diversity of soil bacteria. Ecological stability is achieved in a pollution-free environment and pH value. The pH factor has a significant impact on the dynamics of microbes' communities. Here, we try to discuss factors that directly or indirectly affect soil pH and the impact of pH on microbial activity. It is also discussed the environmental factors that contribute to establishing a specific bacterial community structure that must be determined. From this, it can be concluded that the environmental impact on soil pH, reducing soil pH and interaction with this factor, and reducing the effect of soil pH on soil microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Naz
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Sajid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Pharmacology, Lahore Pharmacy College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Güç İ, Yalçin E, Çavuşoğlu K, Acar A. Toxicity mechanisms of aflatoxin M 1 assisted with molecular docking and the toxicity-limiting role of trans-resveratrol. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14471. [PMID: 36008536 PMCID: PMC9411558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, AFM1 toxicity and the protective role of trans-resveratrol (t-rsv) against this toxicity were investigated with the help of multiple parameters in albino mice. As a result, AFM1 (16 mg/kg b.w) administration caused a decrease in body, kidney and liver weights. This reduction was associated with a decrease in feed consumption. AFM1 induced an increase in AST and ALT enzyme parameters and BUN, creatinine and MDA levels and a decrease in GSH levels. These increases have been associated with liver and kidney cell damage. AFM1 decreased MI and encouraged increases in MN and CAs numbers. The decrease in MI was correlated with AFM1-tubulin and the increase in CAs was associated with the AFM1-DNA interaction, which was demonstrated by molecular docking and spectral shifting. Besides, the decrease in DNA damage and amount was demonstrated by the comet assay technique. Administration of t-rsv (10 and 20 mg/kg b.w) reduced the toxic effects of AFM1 and caused a dose-dependent improvement in all physiological, biochemical and cytogenetic parameter values studied. For this reason, foods containing t-rsv or food supplements should be consumed in the daily diet to reduce the effect of toxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Güç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Effects of Dietary Lanthanum Chloride on Growth Performance, Hematology and Serum Biochemistry of Juvenile Clarias gariepinus Catfish Fed Diets Amended with Mixtures of Aflatoxin B1 and Fumonisin B1. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080553. [PMID: 36006215 PMCID: PMC9412473 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary lanthanum chloride on the growth and health performance of juvenile Clarias gariepinus when fed diets experimentally contaminated with mixtures of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1. A control diet, (mycotoxin free, diet A), mycotoxin contaminated (diet B), and two mycotoxin-contaminated diets amended with lanthanum chloride (200 mg/kg, diet C; and 400 mg/kg, diet D), were fed to 450 fish divided equally into five groups (each with three replicates) for 56 days. The fish were randomly sampled at the time points: day 7, 28 and day 56 for the zootechnical, hematological and serum biochemical evaluations. The fish fed the diets amended with lanthanum chloride exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) better performance indices compared with the fish fed only the mycotoxin-contaminated diet. Lanthanum chloride elicited significant (p < 0.05) increases in erythrocytes and leucocytes count and significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase activities, urea and uric acid concentrations in the fish fed the diets contaminated with mixtures of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1. The study indicates that juvenile Clarias gariepinus may be beneficially cultured with mycotoxin-contaminated grains amended with 200 to 400 mg/kg lanthanum chloride.
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Xu R, Kiarie EG, Yiannikouris A, Sun L, Karrow NA. Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:69. [PMID: 35672806 PMCID: PMC9175326 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide. Mycotoxin exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products, and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, and animal physiology. Thus, mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food animals. Since prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination, mitigation strategies are needed. This review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.
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Liu F, Wang Y, Zhou X, Liu M, Jin S, Shan A, Feng X. Resveratrol Relieved Acute Liver Damage in Ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos) Induced by AFB1 via Modulation of Apoptosis and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123516. [PMID: 34944291 PMCID: PMC8698071 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aflatoxin B1 is ubiquitous in food and feed, which not only poses a great threat to animals, but also affects human health. It is unclear whether resveratrol can resist aflatoxin B1 damage in ducks’ livers. Therefore, the effect of resveratrol supplementation in the diets on liver injury aflatoxin B1was investigated through the gavage of aflatoxin B1. It was found that a diet that includes resveratrol can effectively protect ducks’ livers from acute injury caused by aflatoxin B1. Our study suggests that resveratrol serves as a potential phytochemical feed additive for the treatment of acute aflatoxin B1 poisoning in ducks Abstract The presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in feed is a serious threat to livestock and poultry health and to human food safety. Resveratrol (Res) is a polyphenolic compound with antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and other biological activities; however, it is not clear whether it can improve AFB1 induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Res on liver injury induced by AFB1 and its mechanisms. A total of 270 one-day-old male specific pathogen free (SPF) ducks, with no significant difference in weight, were randomly assigned to three groups: the control group, the AFB1 group and the AFB1 + Res group, which were fed a basic diet, a basic diet and a basic diet containing 500 mg/kg Res, respectively. On the 70th day, the ducks in theAFB1 group and the AFB1+ 500 mg/kg Res group were given 60 μg/kg AFB1 via gavage. When comparing the AFB1 group and the AFB1 + Res group and also with the control group, AFB1 significantly increased liver damage, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and AFB1-DNA adduct content, increased oxidative stress levels and induced liver apoptosis, which was improved by Res supplementation. In sum, the addition of Res to feed can increase the activity of the II-phase enzyme, activate the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal pathway, and protect ducks’ livers from the toxicity, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction induced by AFB1.
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Khazraei SK, Tabeidian SA, Habibian M. Selenium nanoparticles are more efficient than sodium selenite in reducing the toxicity of aflatoxin B 1 in Japanese quail. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:254-266. [PMID: 34614295 PMCID: PMC8788959 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary selenium (Se), as an antioxidant element, plays a protective role in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicosis in poultry. Objectives To compare the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) against AFB1‐induced toxicity on growth performance, carcass traits, immune response, antioxidant status and serum lipid concentrations in Japanese broiler quails. Methods A total of 540 quails were divided into six treatments, each with six replicates and 15 birds per replicate at 24 days of age and reared for 21 days. Treatments included: (1) a basal diet without Se and AFB1 (negative control; NC); (2) NC + 1.0 mg/kg AFB1 (positive control; PC); (3) PC + 0.2 mg/kg Se as SS; (4) PC + 0.5 mg/kg Se as SS; (5) PC + 0.2 mg/kg Se as SeNPs; and (6) PC + 0.5 mg/kg Se as SeNPs. Results Treatment with PC diet decreased feed intake and body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio than the NC diet. The PC diet also atrophied the lymphoid organs and depressed antibody responses against Newcastle disease and avian influenza viruses and sheep red blood cell. Moreover, quails treated with PC diet appeared to have lower serum glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase activities and disturbed serum lipids than those receiving the NC diet. Dietary Se attenuated these detrimental effects, but failed to completely eliminate them. Additionally, SeNPs performed better than SS in improving thioredoxin reductase activity and antibody titer against sheep red blood cell. Conclusions Diet supplementation with SeNPs to provide 0.5 mg/kg of Se is recommended to reduce the AFB1 toxicosis in broiler quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Kaveh Khazraei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Tabeidian
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Habibian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Gündüz A, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K. Combined toxic effects of aflatoxin B 2 and the protective role of resveratrol in Swiss albino mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18081. [PMID: 34508115 PMCID: PMC8433416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the toxic effects of aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) on Swiss albino mice and the protective effects of resveratrol were investigated. Physiological (body weight, liver and kidney weight), biochemical (aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine transaminase-ALT, blood urea nitrogen-BUN, creatinine, malondialdehyde-MDA and glutathione-GSH) and cytogenetic parameters (micronucleus-MN in buccal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and chromosomal aberrations-CAs) were used to determine the toxic effects. Additionally, scavenging effects of resveratrol against superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were also investigated. In experimental period, mice were divided into six groups and the groups were treated with tap water, 10 mg/kg b.w resveratrol, 20 mg/kg b.w resveratrol, 20 µg/kg b.w. AFB2, 10 mg/kg b.w resveratrol + 20 µg/kg b.w AFB2, 20 mg/kg b.w resveratrol + 20 µg/kg b.w AFB2, respectively. As a result, the scavenging effects of resveratrol increased with increasing dose and the superoxide, H2O2 and DPPH radical scavenging activity of resveratrol were 74.9%, 79.1% and 49.2%, respectively. AFB2 administration caused a significant decrease in physiological parameters, and these decreases regressed in AFB2 + resveratrol treated groups. Serum ALT and AST activities, BUN and creatinine levels were higher in the AFB2 treated group compared to the control group and serious abnormalities were found in MDA and GSH levels in the kidney and liver. In the group treated with AFB2 + 20 mg/kg resveratrol, ALT, AST, BUN and creatinine levels decreased significantly and GSH levels increased compared to only-AFB2 treated group. AFB2 triggered MN formation in buccal epithelium, erythrocyte and leukocyte cells and CAs in bone marrow cells. The application of 20 mg/kg resveratrol together with AFB2 was decreased the MN and CAs frequency. Resveratrol exhibited a recovery effect in the range of 40.9-80.5% against AFB2 toxicity in all tested parameters. In this study, it was determined that AFB2 caused serious changes in selected physiological, biochemical and cytogenetic parameters while resveratrol displayed a protective role against these toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alperen Gündüz
- grid.411709.a0000 0004 0399 3319Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçın
- grid.411709.a0000 0004 0399 3319Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- grid.411709.a0000 0004 0399 3319Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200 Giresun, Turkey
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13
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Mgbeahuruike AC, Ejiofor TE, Ashang MU, Ojiako C, Obasi CC, Ezema C, Okoroafor O, Mwanza M, Karlsson M, Chah KF. Reduction of the Adverse Impacts of Fungal Mycotoxin on Proximate Composition of Feed and Growth Performance in Broilers by Combined Adsorbents. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060430. [PMID: 34205524 PMCID: PMC8235260 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergistic interaction of adsorbents in reducing the adverse impacts of mycotoxin on performance and proximate composition of broiler feeds was investigated. Fungal growth was induced by sprinkling water on the feed. S. cerevisiae + bentonite, kaolin + bentonite or S. cerevisiea + kaolin adsorbent combinations (1.5 g/kg feed) were added and the feeds were stored in black polythene bags. An untreated group was kept as a positive control while fresh uncontaminated feed was used as a negative control. Mycotoxins were extracted from the feeds and quantified using reverse phase HPLC. Proximate composition, nutrient digestibility of the feeds, feed intake and weight gain of the broilers were measured. Deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration in the contaminated/untreated feed was 347 µg/kg while aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was 34 µg/kg. Addition of bentonite and kaolin in the contaminated feed reduced AFB1 and DON to significantly lower levels. Feed intake and weight gain were low in the broilers fed the contaminated feed. The carbohydrate level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from 62.31 to 40.10%, crude protein digestibility dropped from 80.67 to 49.03% in the fresh feed and contaminated feed respectively. Addition of the adsorbents (S. cerevisiae and bentonite) significantly (p < 0.05) improved these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Christian Mgbeahuruike
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.C.O.); (K.F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Toochukwu Eleazar Ejiofor
- Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (T.E.E.); (M.U.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Michael Ushie Ashang
- Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (T.E.E.); (M.U.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Chiamaka Ojiako
- Department of Agricultural Education, Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (T.E.E.); (M.U.A.); (C.O.)
| | - Christian C. Obasi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.C.O.); (K.F.C.)
| | - Chuka Ezema
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Obianuju Okoroafor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria;
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Kennedy F. Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (C.C.O.); (K.F.C.)
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14
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Kövesi B, Kulcsár S, Cserháti M, Erdélyi M, Ancsin Z, Zándoki E, Mézes M, Balogh K. Modification of the effects of aflatoxin B1 on the glutathione system and its regulatory genes by zeolite. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:23-30. [PMID: 33764891 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to use oxidative stress markers for investigating the effect of zeolite (315 mg/kg of complete feed) in the case of aflatoxin B1 contamination (92 μg/kg complete feed). In a 21-day feeding trial with broiler chickens, oxidative stress parameters such as conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity were not changed significantly by supplementation with this mycotoxin absorbent. The relative gene expression of transcription factors KEAP1 and NRF2 was not modified by the absorbent either. Still, the expression of GSS, GSR and GPX4 genes increased significantly due to the aluminosilicate supplementation. The results suggest that zeolite reduced lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma but not in the red blood cell haemolysate or the kidney. The relative expression of the genes encoding the glutathione redox system also changed as a result of zeolite supplementation, but these changes were not found at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjámin Kövesi
- 1Department of Nutrition, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Szabina Kulcsár
- 1Department of Nutrition, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
- 3MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Cserháti
- 2Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Márta Erdélyi
- 1Department of Nutrition, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Ancsin
- 1Department of Nutrition, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Erika Zándoki
- 3MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Miklós Mézes
- 1Department of Nutrition, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
- 3MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Balogh
- 1Department of Nutrition, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary
- 3MTA-KE-SZIE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary
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15
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Sarker MT, Wang ZY, Yang H, Wan X, Emmanuel A. Evaluation of the protective effect of lycopene on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities of aflatoxinB 1 challenged broilers. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13540. [PMID: 33742527 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the protective efficiency of dietary lycopene (LYC) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities aflatoxinB1 (AFB1 ) challenged broilers. A total of 240 days old Arber across male broiler chicks were randomly allocated in five treatments and six replicates (eight birds per replicate); feed and water were provided ad libitum during the 42 days experiment. The treatment diets were as follows: (i) Basal diet (control), (ii) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB1 contaminated diet, (iii) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 100 mg/kg LYC1, (iv) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 200 mg/kg LYC2, and (v) Basal diet + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 400 mg/kg LYC3. The results showed that the addition of LYC to AFB1 contaminated broiler diets significantly increased (p < .05) average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the AFB1 diet. AFB1 diet decreased the intestinal villus height (VH) and crypt depth ratio (VCR) while increasing the crypt depth (CD). However, dietary LYC supplemented diets relieved the intestinal morphological alterations. Dietary LYC supplementation (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly improved (p < .05) intestinal digestive enzyme amylase and lipase activities with AFB1 contaminated diet. These findings suggested that LYC is a promising feed supplement in the broiler industry, alleviating the harmful effects of AFB1 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoli Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China
| | - Asare Emmanuel
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, China
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16
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Pu J, Yuan Q, Yan H, Tian G, Chen D, He J, Zheng P, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Luo J, Luo Y, Yu B. Effects of Chronic Exposure to Low Levels of Dietary Aflatoxin B 1 on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility and Intestinal Health in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:336. [PMID: 33572697 PMCID: PMC7911249 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to low levels of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and intestinal health in pigs. In a 102-day experiment, fourteen barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire, initial BW = 38.21 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into control (CON, basal diet) and AFB1 groups (the basal diet supplemented with 280 μg/kg AFB1). Results revealed that the AFB1 exposure decreased the final BW, ADFI and ADG in pigs (p < 0.10). AFB1 exposure also decreased the apparent total tract digestibility of dry mater and gross energy at 50 to 75 kg and 105 to 135 kg stages, and decreased the apparent total tract digestibility of ether extract at 75 to 105 kg stage (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, AFB1 exposure increased serum diamine oxidase activity and reduced the mRNA abundance of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1, solute carrier family 7 member 1 and zonula occluden-1 in the jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AFB1 exposure decreased superoxide dismutase activity (p < 0.05) and increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine content (p < 0.10) in jejunal mucosa. AFB1 exposure also increased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β mRNA abundance in jejunal mucosa and upregulated Escherichia coli population in colon (p < 0.05). The data indicated that chronic exposure to low levels of dietary AFB1 suppressed growth performance, reduced the apparent total tract digestibility and damaged intestinal barrier integrity in pigs, which could be associated with the decreased intestinal antioxidant capacity and the increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China; (J.P.); (Q.Y.); (H.Y.); (G.T.); (D.C.); (J.H.); (P.Z.); (J.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.H.); (J.L.); (Y.L.)
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17
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Jin S, Yang L, Zang H, Xu Y, Chen X, Chen X, Liu P, Geng Z. Influence of free-range days on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, lymphoid organ indices, and blood biochemistry of Wannan Yellow chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6602-6610. [PMID: 31504898 PMCID: PMC8914003 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of free-range days on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, lymphoid organ indices, and blood biochemical parameters of Wannan Yellow chickens. A total of 1,000 one-day-old male Wannan Yellow chickens were reared to 56 D. At 56 D of age, 960 birds with similar body weight (BW) were randomly allocated to free-range treatment at 56, 70, 84, and 98 D of age (assigned to free-range treatment for 42, 28, 14, and 0 D, respectively); 6 replicates with 40 chickens per treatment. In the free-range system, chickens were reared in indoor floor pens with an outdoor free-range paddock measuring 4 × 7 m (28 m2, 1.5 birds/m2). Results showed that BW of birds decreased significantly in the first 2 wk after birds were assigned to free-range treatment compared with those in the conventional treatment (P < 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) for chickens assigned to free-range treatment from 56 to 70 D of age, while feed conversion ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05). Breast yield increased linearly with increasing free-range days (P < 0.05), whereas leg and foot yields decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Drip loss and L* value of thigh muscle decreased linearly with increasing free-range days (P < 0.05), while shear force improved linearly (P < 0.05). Additionally, the absolute thymus weight and thymus to BW ratio showed significant increasing and then decreasing quadratic responses to increasing free-range days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride content declined linearly, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content increased linearly with increasing free-range days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing free-range days had positive effects on breast yield, shear force, thymus weight, and HDL-C content, but negatively affected leg yield, foot yield, drip loss, L* value of thigh muscle, glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of Wannan Yellow chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihua Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei 230036, China
| | - He Zang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xianzen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Qingyang Pingyun Poultry Conservation and Breeding, Co. Ltd., Chizhou 242800, China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei 230036, China
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18
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Huang Z, Wang Y, Qiu M, Sun L, Deng Y, Wang X, Bi S, Gooneratne R, Zhao J. Effects of T-2 toxin on digestive enzyme activity, intestinal histopathology and growth in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13175. [PMID: 31511616 PMCID: PMC6739391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin (T-2), a naturally occurring mycotoxin that often accumulates in aquatic animals via contaminated feed, is toxic to animals, including humans. In this study, six groups of shrimp (n = 30 shrimps/group) were given T-2 in feed at concentrations of 0–12.2 mg/kg for 20 days. T-2 accumulation, intestinal histopathology, digestive enzyme activities and subsequent effects on shrimp are reported. Compared to the control, T-2 significantly reduced weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival. The histopathology of shrimp intestine showed concentration-dependent degenerative and necrotic changes in response to dietary T-2. Progressive damage to the microstructures of shrimp intestine occurred with increasing dietary T-2 concentrations, with initial inflammation of the mucosal tissue at T-2 concentrations of 0.5 and 1.2 mg/kg, progressing to disappearance of intestinal villi and degeneration and necrosis of the submucosa at 12.2 mg/kg. Intestinal amylase and protease activities increased at low T-2 concentrations but showed significant inhibition at high concentrations; however, the opposite trend occurred for lipase activity. Collectively, these results indicate that digestive enzyme activities and mucosal structures are markedly affected by exposure to T-2, and these may have contributed to the lower survival rate of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanrui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Mei Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yijia Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Siyuan Bi
- Ski Teaching and Training Base Post-doctoral Research Station of Harbin Sport University, Harbin, 150008, China
| | - Ravi Gooneratne
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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19
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Wang Y, Duan YF, Wang J, Zhou CP, Jiang SG, Lin HZ, Huang JH. Identification and expression profile of Delta-GST in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 331:443-455. [PMID: 31389197 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Delta GST is an insect-specific class and a prominent class of the glutathione S-transferases family that is involved in xenobiotic detoxification and antioxidant defense. The full-length complementary DNA of delta-class GST from Penaeus monodon (PmDeltaGST; 839 bp long with a 657 bp coding region) was cloned. The encoded polypeptide of 218 amino acids had a predicted molecular mass of 24.30 kDa. Sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis showed that PmDeltaGST was significant similarity to GST genes in crustaceans and insects. Tissue expression profile analysis by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain showed that PmDeltaGST was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues, with the highest expression in hepatopancreas and intestine and the weakest expression in ovary. PmDeltaGST messenger RNA expression and protein levels in hepatopancreas was significantly increased at 14 days postexposure of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), keeping on the high level at 28 days, but decreased at 56 days. The results suggested that PmDeltaGST was involved in the response to AFB1 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Fei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hei-Zhao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Kovitvadhi A, Chundang P, Thongprajukaew K, Tirawattanawanich C, Srikachar S, Chotimanothum B. Potential of Insect Meals as Protein Sources for Meat-Type Ducks Based on In Vitro Digestibility. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E155. [PMID: 30970570 PMCID: PMC6523304 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a dramatic increase in duck meat consumption. As a result, ducks are an interesting alternative type of livestock. Animal-based proteins such as fishmeal and animal by-products are valuable nutrients with high digestibility, but they are associated with cost fluctuations, pathogen contamination, and environmental impacts. Therefore, plant-based proteins are used, but they have the disadvantages of inappropriate amino acid profiles, anti-nutritional factors, and mycotoxin contamination. Insect meal contains favorable nutrients and low production costs and is environmentally friendly; however, there is a large number of insect species. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to screen insects for their potential use as a protein source in the duck diet. Insect meal with a high proportion of low-digestible components was shown to have low digestibility. Yellow mealworm larvae, giant mealworm larvae, lesser wax moth larvae, house fly larvae, mulberry silkworm pupae, and American cockroach nymph have the potential to be alternative protein sources for ducks. Insect meal has been widely studied and is used in animal nutrition to replace common protein sources that have several disadvantages and to promote sustainability in animal production. Two-step in vitro digestibility using crude enzyme extracts from digestive tracts of meat-type ducks (Cherry Valley) was performed on general protein sources and insect meals to compare the in vitro digestibility of organic matter (OMd) and crude protein (CPd). Variation in chemical components between different types of insect meal was found. A positive correlation was found between OMd and the ether extract composition in insect meal, whereas a negative correlation was shown between crude fiber and acid detergent fiber. Contrasting relationships were found between CPd and crude fiber and acid detergent fiber in insect meal. In conclusion, the yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor), giant mealworm larvae (Zophobas morio), lesser wax moth larvae (Achroia grisella), house fly larvae (Musca domestica), mulberry silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori), and American cockroach nymph (Periplaneta americana) are potential protein sources for ducks based on OMd and CPd digestibility after screening with an in vitro digestibility technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attawit Kovitvadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Pipatpong Chundang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Karun Thongprajukaew
- Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Chanin Tirawattanawanich
- Innovation Cluster 2, Thailand Science Park, Ministry of Science and Technology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Sunyanee Srikachar
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | - Banthari Chotimanothum
- The Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Fouad AM, Ruan D, El-Senousey HK, Chen W, Jiang S, Zheng C. Harmful Effects and Control Strategies of Aflatoxin B₁ Produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Strains on Poultry: Review. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E176. [PMID: 30909549 PMCID: PMC6468546 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) in poultry diets decreases the hatchability, hatchling weight, growth rate, meat and egg production, meat and egg quality, vaccination efficiency, as well as impairing the feed conversion ratio and increasing the susceptibility of birds to disease and mortality. AFB₁ is transferred from poultry feed to eggs, meat, and other edible parts, representing a threat to the health of consumers because AFB₁ is carcinogenic and implicated in human liver cancer. This review considers how AFB₁ produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains can affect the immune system, antioxidant defense system, digestive system, and reproductive system in poultry, as well as its effects on productivity and reproductive performance. Nutritional factors can offset the effects of AFB₁ in poultry and, thus, it is necessary to identify and select suitable additives to address the problems caused by AFB₁ in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed Fouad
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Dong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - HebatAllah Kasem El-Senousey
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Ayyat MS, Ayyat AMN, Al-Sagheer AA, El-Hais AEAM. Effect of some safe feed additives on growth performance, blood biochemistry, and bioaccumulation of aflatoxin residues of Nile tilapia fed aflatoxin-B1 contaminated diet. AQUACULTURE 2018; 495:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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23
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Sun Z, Song A, Wang B, Wang G, Zheng S. Adsorption behaviors of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by organo-rectorite modified with quaternary ammonium salts. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Feng GD, He J, Ao X, Chen DW. Effects of maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive physiology in ducks. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1948-1955. [PMID: 27920189 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, relative digestive organs weight, digestive enzymes activities, and biochemical index of intestinal development in ducks. A total of 640 ducks was blocked on the basis of sex and body weight, and then allocated randomly to 2 treatments with 20 pens per treatment and 16 ducks per pen. The experiment lasted for 5 wk, and dietary treatments included basal diet (CON) and diets with 100% of normal maize replaced by AFB1 contaminated maize. Detectable levels of other toxins were present but only AFB1 exceeded limits and the level of AFB1 was 195.4 ug/kg in the contaminated maize, and ranged from 2.91 to 120.02 ug/kg in the starter diet and 2.03 to 153.12 ug/kg in the grower diet. Feeding AFB1 contaminated diets decreased (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI during the whole experiment, whereas F/G during d 15 to 35 and d zero to 35 was reduced (P < 0.05). The mortality of ducks fed AFB1 contaminated diets increased (P < 0.05). Ducks fed AFB1 contaminated diets had greater (P < 0.05) relative weights of proventriculus and gizzard on d 14 as well as the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum on d 14 and 35. Feeding AFB1 contaminated diets increased (P < 0.05) crypt depth, villus width, and surface area in the duodenum on d 35 and villus height, villus width, and surface area in the jejunum on d 14. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase in the jejunum brush border together with chymotrypsin and trypsin in the pancreas increased (P < 0.05) on d 14 with the inclusion of AFB1 contaminated maize. The jejunum villus became long and wide in ducks fed AFB1 contaminated diets. Taken together, the feeding of maize naturally contaminated with AFB1 caused adverse effects on growth performance and intestinal morphology, and altered digestive physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Feng
- Tie Qi Li Shi Group. Co., Mianyang, Sichuan, 621006, P. R. China
| | - J He
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, P. R. China
| | - X Ao
- Tie Qi Li Shi Group. Co., Mianyang, Sichuan, 621006, P. R. China
| | - D W Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, P. R. China
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Qu X, Chen J, He C, Chi F, Johnston S. Effects of modified montmorillonite adsorbent on performance, egg quality, serum biochemistry, oxidation status, and immune response of laying hens in late production. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fan Y, Liu L, Zhao L, Wang X, Wang D, Huang C, Zhang J, Ji C, Ma Q. Influence of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on growth, digestive enzyme and aflatoxin residue in Yellow River carp fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B 1. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 113:108-114. [PMID: 29374590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) elicits serious threats to public health due to its widespread occurrence, as well as its teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of AFB1 and assess the ameliorative efficacy of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on aflatoxicosis in Yellow River carp. A total of 750 juvenile Yellow River carp were allocated into five dietary treatments for 60 days. Diet C0 represented for the negative control, diet M0 containing about 50 μg AFB1/kg diet represented for the positive control, and diet M0.25, M0.5 and M1.0 was diet M0 supplemented with B. subtilis ANSB060 at a dose of 0.25 × 109, 0.5 × 109 and 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg diet, respectively. The results showed that supplementation of strain ANSB060 restored the reduced body weight and enhanced feed conversion ratio of carp induced by AFB1 towards normal. ANSB060 could also relieve the alterations in hepatic morphology, improve digestive enzyme activities of hepatopancreas and intestine, as well as decrease AFB1 residues in carp's hepatopancreas and gonad. It is concluded that ANSB060 has a protective effect in carp with aflatoxicosis, with a promising potential in feed industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Laiting Liu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dacai Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Churan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Matos M, Dublecz K, Grafl B, Liebhart D, Hess M. Pancreatitis Is an Important Feature of Broilers Suffering from Inclusion Body Hepatitis Leading to Dysmetabolic Conditions with Consequences for Zootechnical Performance. Avian Dis 2017; 62:57-64. [DOI: 10.1637/11755-092717-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Matos
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Károly Dublecz
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Deak F. u. 16, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Wang G, Miao Y, Sun Z, Zheng S. Simultaneous adsorption of aflatoxin B 1 and zearalenone by mono- and di-alkyl cationic surfactants modified montmorillonites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 511:67-76. [PMID: 28972897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organo-montmorillonites (OMts) modified with mono- and di-alkyl cationic surfactants were prepared to remove polar mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and weak polar, hydrophobic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZER) simultaneously. The structural and surface properties of the prepared OMts were investigated. In vitro adsorption experiments were carried out to simulate the in vivo conditions of gastrointestinal tract of animals by a batch mode. The adsorption of AFB1 and ZER in both single and binary-contaminate systems were investigated systematically. Both OMts showed super enhanced adsorption capacities towards AFB1 and ZER whenever in single and binary-contaminate systems compared with raw Mt, indicating the effectiveness of the prepared OMts acted as mycotoxins adsorbents. DODAC-Mt showed a higher adsorption capacity towards AFB1 and ZER than OTAB-Mt. The equilibrium data of AFB1 on OMts were fitted satisfactorily with Freundlich and Linear models, suggesting the co-existence of different adsorption mechanism which were proposed to be ion-dipole interactions (between surfactant cations and carbonyl groups of AFB1) and adsorption/partition mechanisms. The adsorption isotherms of OMts to ZER matched best with Linear models, implying the adsorption/partition mechanism. For simultaneous adsorption, the adsorption process of one mycotoxin was slightly affected by the presence of the other mycotoxin due to the requirement of partial same sorption sites. In addition, the solution pH had negligible influence on the adsorption process of OMts, meaning no desorption occurred when the adsorbents pass through from stomach to intestine as animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yushan Miao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiming Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
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Abbasi F, Liu J, Zhang H, Shen X, Luo X. Effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, serum hormones levels and gene expression of Na +, K +-ATPase in ducklings. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 31:91-97. [PMID: 28823127 PMCID: PMC5756929 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective A 14-d trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, serum hormones levels and gene expression of Na+, K+-ATPase in ducklings. Methods A total of 704 ducklings were blocked on the basis of sex and body weight (BW), and then allocated randomly to one of the following two treatments: i) CON, basal diet and ii) AFB1, diets with 100% of normal corn replaced with AFB1 contaminated corn. There were 22 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen. The concentration of AFB1 was 195.4 and 124.35 μg/kg in the contaminated corn and AFB1 diet, respectively. Results The AFB1 decreased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, d 7 BW, final BW in the whole trial, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 8 to 14 and d 1 to 14 by 10% to 47% (p<0.05), while FCR during d 1 to 7 was increased (p<0.05). AFB1 did not affect mortality to 7 d of age, and then increased to 5.8% from 8 to 14 d of age (p<0.01). Apparent ileal gross energy digestibility was reduced by AFB1, whereas apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and amino acid was improved (p<0.01). Feeding AFB1 diets increased serum concentration of leptin and insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) (p<0.05), but had no effect on neuropeptide Y, ghrelin, cholecystokinin-8 or insulin (p>0.05). Dietary treatments did not influence relative expression of jejunal Na+, K+-ATPase gene (p>0.05). Conclusion Taken together, feeding corn naturally contaminated with AFB1 reduced growth performance, improved apparent ileal digestibility, and affected serum leptin and IGF-1 in ducklings from d 1 to 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Abbasi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.,State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Mughal MJ, Peng X, Kamboh AA, Zhou Y, Fang J. Aflatoxin B 1 Induced Systemic Toxicity in Poultry and Rescue Effects of Selenium and Zinc. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:292-300. [PMID: 28064414 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among many challenges, exposure to aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is one of the major concerns in poultry industry. AFB1 intoxication results in decreased meat/egg production, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, disturbance in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and reproduction, immune suppression, and increased disease susceptibility. Selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn), in dietary supplementation, offer easy, cost-effective, and efficient ways to neutralize the toxic effect of AFB1. In the current review, we discussed the impact of AFB1 on poultry industry, its biotransformation, and organ-specific noxious effects, along with the action mechanism of AFB1-induced toxicity. Moreover, we explained the biological and detoxifying roles of Se and Zn in avian species as well as the protection mechanism of these two trace elements. Ultimately, we discussed the use of Se and Zn supplementation against AFB1-induced toxicity in poultry birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jameel Mughal
- Keys Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Yi Zhou
- Life Science Department, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fang
- Keys Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Cui Y, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Xie Y, Yao W, Zhang W, Qian H. Evaluating the hepatoprotective efficacy of Aloe vera polysaccharides against subchronic exposure of aflatoxins B 1. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Enteric Pathogens and Their Toxin-Induced Disruption of the Intestinal Barrier through Alteration of Tight Junctions in Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9020060. [PMID: 28208612 PMCID: PMC5331439 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy gut environment is a prerequisite for sustainable animal production. The gut plays a key role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients and constitutes an initial organ exposed to external factors influencing bird’s health. The intestinal epithelial barrier serves as the first line of defense between the host and the luminal environment. It consists of a continuous monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells connected by intercellular junctional complexes which shrink the space between adjacent cells. Consequently, free passing of solutes and water via the paracellular pathway is prevented. Tight junctions (TJs) are multi-protein complexes which are crucial for the integrity and function of the epithelial barrier as they not only link cells but also form channels allowing permeation between cells, resulting in epithelial surfaces of different tightness. Tight junction’s molecular composition, ultrastructure, and function are regulated differently with regard to physiological and pathological stimuli. Both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that reduced tight junction integrity greatly results in a condition commonly known as “leaky gut”. A loss of barrier integrity allows the translocation of luminal antigens (microbes, toxins) via the mucosa to access the whole body which are normally excluded and subsequently destroys the gut mucosal homeostasis, coinciding with an increased susceptibility to systemic infection, chronic inflammation and malabsorption. There is considerable evidence that the intestinal barrier dysfunction is an important factor contributing to the pathogenicity of some enteric bacteria. It has been shown that some enteric pathogens can induce permeability defects in gut epithelia by altering tight junction proteins, mediated by their toxins. Resolving the strategies that microorganisms use to hijack the functions of tight junctions is important for our understanding of microbial pathogenesis, because some pathogens can utilize tight junction proteins as receptors for attachment and subsequent internalization, while others modify or destroy the tight junction proteins by different pathways and thereby provide a gateway to the underlying tissue. This review aims to deliver an overview of the tight junction structures and function, and its role in enteric bacterial pathogenesis with a special focus on chickens. A main conclusion will be that the molecular mechanisms used by enteric pathogens to disrupt epithelial barrier function in chickens needs a much better understanding, explicitly highlighted for Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica and Clostridium perfringens. This is a requirement in order to assist in discovering new strategies to avoid damages of the intestinal barrier or to minimize consequences from infections.
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Tanpong S, Wongtangtintharn S, Pimpukdee K, Tengjaroenkul B, Khajarern J. Efficacy of hydrate sodium calcium aluminosilicate and yeast cell wall to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in ducks. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of a hydrate sodium calcium aluminosilicate and yeast cell wall (Fixar® Viva Dry) to prevent aflatoxin toxicity in meat-type ducks. In total, 336 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to seven dietary groups, including of three diets without adsorbent. These included <30 (control), 60 and 120 μg/kg of aflatoxin in the diet and 60 or 120 μg/kg of aflatoxin supplemented with Fixar® Viva Dry at either 0.05% or 0.10% in the diet. Each treatment group was duplicated, with 24 birds per pen (replicate) throughout the 28-day trial period. The results showed that, bodyweight gain was reduced by 11% and mortality was increased by 10% in ducks fed diet containing aflatoxin at 120 μg/kg, compared with the control diet. However, dietary Fixar® Viva Dry supplementation effectively alleviated the overall toxicity induced by aflatoxin. Significant negative treatment-related changes were observed in feather growth, eye necrosis, web-toe haemorrhage, leg deformity, tibia bone porosity, liver paleness and fat content, organ weight and serum biochemical characteristics, as well as decreased leaked enzymes in blood serum, compared with the control. Addition of Fixar® Viva Dry in the diet significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the adverse effects of aflatoxin on all parameters measured, near to those in the control group. This finding indicated that Fixar® Viva Dry, when added at the level of 0.05% in 60 μg/kg or of 0.10% in 120 μg/kg aflatoxin diets, could modulate the toxicity of aflatoxin. In conclusion, these results showed that Fixar® Viva Dry 0.05% was effective in preventing the toxic effects of aflatoxin that may be present in poultry diets.
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Zhang L, Ma Q, Ma S, Zhang J, Jia R, Ji C, Zhao L. Ameliorating Effects of Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Functions, and Aflatoxin Residues in Ducks Fed Diets Contaminated with Aflatoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 9:toxins9010001. [PMID: 28025501 PMCID: PMC5308235 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 isolated from fish gut is very effective in detoxifying aflatoxins in feed and feed ingredients. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of B. subtilis ANSB060 on growth performance, body antioxidant functions, and aflatoxin residues in ducks fed moldy maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxins. A total of 1500 18-d-old male Cherry Valley ducks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to five treatments with six replicates of 50 ducks per repeat. The experiment design consisted of five dietary treatments labeled as C0 (basal diet containing 60% normal maize), M0 (basal diet containing 60% moldy maize contaminated with aflatoxins substituted for normal maize), M500, M1000, and M2000 (M0 +500, 1000 or 2000 g/t aflatoxin biodegradation preparation mainly consisted of B. subtilis ANSB060). The results showed that ducks fed 22.44 ± 2.46 μg/kg of AFB1 (M0) exhibited a decreasing tendency in average daily gain (ADG) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in serum, and T-SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the liver significantly decreased along with the appearance of AFB1 and AFM1 compared with those in Group C0. The supplementation of B. subtilis ANSB060 into aflatoxin-contaminated diets increased the ADG of ducks (p > 0.05), significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduced aflatoxin accumulation in duck liver. In conclusion, Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 in diets showed an ameliorating effect to duck aflatoxicosis and may be a promising feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Heilongjiang Animal Science Institute, Qiqihar 161005, China.
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ru Jia
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Liu T, Ma Q, Zhao L, Jia R, Zhang J, Ji C, Wang X. Protective Effects of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganderma lucidum on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Level of Aflatoxin B₁. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100278. [PMID: 27669305 PMCID: PMC5086638 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL) in relieving aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; the treatment diets were: Control (a basal diet containing normal peanut meal); AFB₁ (the basal diet containing AFB₁-contaminated peanut meal); SSGL (basal diet with 200 mg/kg of SSGL); AFB₁+SSGL (supplementation of 200 mg/kg of SSGL in AFB₁ diet). The contents of AFB₁ in AFB₁ and AFB₁+SSGL diets were 25.0 μg/kg in the starter period and 22.5 μg/kg in the finisher period. The results showed that diet contaminated with a low level of AFB₁ significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the average daily feed intake and average daily gain during the entire experiment and reduced (p < 0.05) serum contents of total protein IgA and IgG. Furthermore, a dietary low level of AFB₁ not only increased (p < 0.05) levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, but also decreased (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capability, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity in the liver and spleen of broilers. Moreover, the addition of SSGL to AFB₁-contaminated diet counteracted these negative effects, indicating that SSGL has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ru Jia
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Peng X, Chen K, Chen J, Fang J, Cui H, Zuo Z, Deng J, Chen Z, Geng Y, Lai W. Aflatoxin B1 affects apoptosis and expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in thymus and bursa of fabricius in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1113-1120. [PMID: 25736028 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is known as a mycotoxin that develops various health problems of animals, the effects of AFB1 on thymus and bursa of Fabricius in chickens are not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the apoptosis of thymus and bursa of Fabricius in broilers fed with AFB1 . Two hundred Avian broilers were randomly divided into four groups of 50 each, namely control group and three AFB1 groups fed with 0.15 mg, 0.3 mg, and 0.6 mg AFB1 /kg diet, respectively. In this study, flow cytometer and immunohistochemical approaches were used to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. The results showed that consumption of AFB1 diets results in increased percentage of apoptotic cells and increased expression of Caspase-3 in both thymus and bursa of Fabricius. The expression of Bax was increased and the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased in the thymus, but no significant changes in Bax and Bcl-2 expression were observed in the bursa of Fabricius when broilers fed with AFB1 . These findings suggest that adverse effects of AFB1 on thymus and bursa of Fabricius in broilers were confirmed by increased apoptotic cells and abnormal expression of Caspase-3. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1113-1120, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Kejie Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Zhengli Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
| | - Weimin Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, 625014
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Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fingerlings: Pancreas Tissue Histopathology and Alkaline Protease Activity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSACTION A-SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effects of aflatoxins on growth performance and skeletal muscle of Cherry Valley meat male ducks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:186-191. [PMID: 29767039 PMCID: PMC5941020 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of aflatoxins on growth performance and skeletal muscle of Cherry Valley meat male ducks as they grow and develop. One-day-old healthy meat male ducks (n = 180) were randomly divided into 2 groups; there were 6 replicates in each group and 15 ducks in each replicate. The control group was fed a basic diet, and the experimental group was fed a mold-exposed cottonseed meal diet containing aflatoxins instead of normal cottonseed meal. The experimental period was 35 days, and divided into two stages of 1 to 14 days (early stage) and 15 to 35 days (late stage). During the experimental period, live weight, breast muscle weight and thigh muscle weight of meat male ducks were measured weekly. Results showed as follows: 1) aflatoxins contained in the mold-exposed diet significantly reduced daily weight gain and feed intake, and increased feed-to-gain ratio of meat male ducks at different ages (P < 0.05); 2) the Gompertz equation (Wt = Wm exp {−exp [−B (t − t*)]}) could successfully fit the growth curve and growth and developmental patterns of skeletal muscles of Cherry Valley meat male ducks (R2 ≥ 0.97); 3) the relationship between chest muscle and live weight was the best described by a power regression and polynomial regression (R2 = 0.99); the relationship between live weight and thigh muscle weight was the best described by linear regression, polynomial regression, and power regression (R2 = 0.99); 4) aflatoxins in the mold-exposed diet significantly reduced live weight, breast muscle weight and thigh muscle weight of Cherry Valley meat male ducks at various ages; and 5) aflatoxins delayed the age at peak in growth of meat male ducks, and reduced weights at the peak for breast muscle, thigh muscle and whole body as well as the maximal daily weight gain. In summary, aflatoxins delayed growth of Cherry Valley meat male ducks and development of skeletal muscle.
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Nones J, Nones J, Poli A, Trentin AG, Riella HG, Kuhnen NC. Organophilic treatments of bentonite increase the adsorption of aflatoxin B1 and protect stem cells against cellular damage. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:555-561. [PMID: 27281241 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bentonite clays exhibit high adsorptive capacity for contaminants, including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin responsible for causing severe toxicity in several species including pigs, poultry and man. Organophilic treatments is known to increase the adsorption capacity of bentonites, and the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Brazilian bentonite and two organic salts - benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to adsorb AFB1. For this end, 2(2) factorial designs were used in order to analyze if BAC or CTAB was able to increase AFB1 adsorption when submitted in different temperature and concentration. Both BAC and CTAB treatment (at 30°C and 2% of salt concentration) were found to increase the adsorption of AFB1 significantly compared with untreated bentonite. After organophilic bentonite treatments with BAC or CTAB, a vibration of CH stretch (2850 and 2920cm(-1)) were detected. A frequency of the SiO stretch (1020 and 1090cm(-1)) was changed by intercalation of organic cation. Furthermore, the interlayer spacing of bentonite increases to 1.23nm (d001 reflection at 2θ=7.16) and 1.22 (d001 reflection at 2θ=7.22) after the addition of BAC and CTAB, respectively. Another aim of the study was to observe the effects of these two bentonite salts in neural crest stem cell cultures. The two materials that were created by organophilic treatments were not found to be toxic to stem cells. Furthermore the results indicate that the two materials tested may protect the neural crest stem cells against damage caused by AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Nones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jader Nones
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Anicleto Poli
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Humberto Gracher Riella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Cabral Kuhnen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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El-Barbary MI. Detoxification and antioxidant effects of garlic and curcumin in Oreochromis niloticus injected with aflatoxin B₁ with reference to gene expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by RT-PCR. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:617-629. [PMID: 26590820 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effects of both garlic and curcumin through evaluating their therapeutic properties as antioxidants on liver and kidney functions, hepatic antioxidants and GPx gene expression against aflatoxicosis of O. niloticus. In total, 180 of tilapia were divided into ten groups; T1 represented the negative control fed on a basal diet, and T2 was injected with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of AFB1 (6 mg/kg b.w.). Fish in T3-T6 were fed on a basal diet supplemented with both garlic (T3 and T4) and curcumin (T5 and T6) at the two concentrations of 10 and 20 g/kg diet, respectively. Fish in T7-T10 groups were injected with AFB1 and fed on the garlic (T7 and T8) and curcumin (T9 and T10) dietaries. The results showed that AFB1 has significant potency for increasing the activity of plasma AST, ALT, creatinine and uric acid values, and hepatic MDA as well as for reducing the concentrations of plasma TP, AL, GL and hepatic activity of TAC, while AFB1 led to up-regulated GPx gene expression when compared to the control (T1). These harmful effects of AFB1 were alleviated due to the garlic and curcumin dietaries in some studied parameters. Garlic reflected the highest induction of gene expression (T7); however, curcumin showed significant down-regulated (T9). These results concluded that the effects of garlic were better than curcumin at the two concentrations and the low concentration of them is more beneficial than the high concentration when it used against AFB1 in O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal I El-Barbary
- Fish Diseases Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
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Chen X, Murdoch R, Zhang Q, Shafer D, Applegate T. Effects of dietary protein concentration on performance and nutrient digestibility in Pekin ducks during aflatoxicosis. Poult Sci 2016; 95:834-41. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Chen X, Naehrer K, Applegate TJ. Interactive effects of dietary protein concentration and aflatoxin B1 on performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1312-25. [PMID: 26944977 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 20-day trial was conducted to determine the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and dietary protein concentration on performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in broiler chicks. The 6 dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with 3 crude protein (CP) concentrations (16, 22, and 26%) with or without 1.5 mg/kg AFB1 Each diet was fed to 6 replicate cages (6 chicks per cage) from zero to 20 d of age. Endogenous N and amino acid loss were estimated from birds fed a N-free diet with or without 1.5 mg/kg AFB1 A significant interaction between AFB1 and CP concentration was observed for growth performance, where reduction of BW gain, feed intake, gain:feed ratio, and breast muscle weight by AFB1 were most profound in birds fed the 16%-CP diet, and were completely eliminated when birds were fed the 26%-CP diet (AFB1 by CP interaction; P ≤ 0.023). Similarly, AFB1 reduced serum albumin, total protein, and globulin concentrations in birds fed 16 and 22% CP diets, but not in those fed the 26%-CP (AFB1 by CP interaction; P ≤ 0.071). Gut permeability was increased in birds fed AFB1-contamiated diets as measured by serum lactulose/rhamnose ratio (main effect; P = 0.04). Additionally, AFB1 tended to increase endogenous N loss (P = 0.09), and significantly reduced apparent ileal digestible energy and standardized ileal N and amino acid digestibility in birds fed the 16%-CP diet, while birds fed higher dietary CP were not affected (AFB1 by CP interaction; P ≤ 0.01). Further, AFB1 increased the translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4EBP1), claudin1, and multiple jejunal amino acid transporters expression (main effect; P ≤ 0.04). Results from this study indicate that a 1.5 mg AFB1/kg diet significantly impairs growth, major serum biochemistry measures, gut barrier, endogenous loss, and energy and amino acid digestibility. Aflatoxicosis can be augmented by low dietary CP, while higher dietary CP completely eliminated the impairment of performance, serum proteins, and nutrient digestibility from aflatoxicosis in zero to 20 d broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - K Naehrer
- Biomin Research Center, Tulln, Austria
| | - T J Applegate
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906 Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
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Murugesan GR, Ledoux DR, Naehrer K, Berthiller F, Applegate TJ, Grenier B, Phillips TD, Schatzmayr G. Prevalence and effects of mycotoxins on poultry health and performance, and recent development in mycotoxin counteracting strategies. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1298-315. [PMID: 25840963 PMCID: PMC4988553 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research over the last couple of decades has made it obvious that mycotoxins are commonly prevalent in majority of feed ingredients. A worldwide mycotoxin survey in 2013 revealed 81% of around 3,000 grain and feed samples analyzed had at least 1 mycotoxin, which was higher than the 10-year average (from 2004 to 2013) of 76% in a total of 25,944 samples. The considerable increase in the number of positive samples in 2013 may be due to the improvements in detection methods and their sensitivity. The recently developed liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry allows the inclusion of a high number of analytes and is the most selective, sensitive, and accurate of all the mycotoxin analytical methods. Mycotoxins can affect the animals either individually or additively in the presence of more than 1 mycotoxin, and may affect various organs such as gastrointestinal tract, liver, and immune system, essentially resulting in reduced productivity of the birds and mortality in extreme cases. While the use of mycotoxin binding agents has been a commonly used counteracting strategy, considering the great diversity in the chemical structures of mycotoxins, it is very obvious that there is no single method that can be used to deactivate mycotoxins in feed. Therefore, different strategies have to be combined in order to specifically target individual mycotoxins without impacting the quality of feed. Enzymatic or microbial detoxification, referred to as "biotransformation" or "biodetoxification," utilizes microorganisms or purified enzymes thereof to catabolize the entire mycotoxin or transform or cleave it to less or non-toxic compounds. However, the awareness on the prevalence of mycotoxins, available modern techniques to analyze them, the effects of mycotoxicoses, and the recent developments in the ways to safely eliminate the mycotoxins from the feed are very minimal among the producers. This symposium review paper comprehensively discusses the above mentioned aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D R Ledoux
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K Naehrer
- BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln, Austria
| | - F Berthiller
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - T J Applegate
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - B Grenier
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Castelino JM, Routledge MN, Wilson S, Dunne DW, Mwatha JK, Gachuhi K, Wild CP, Gong YY. Aflatoxin exposure is inversely associated with IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels in vitro and in Kenyan schoolchildren. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:574-81. [PMID: 24668606 PMCID: PMC4111788 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study explores the relationship between aflatoxin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and its potential effect on child growth. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and ninety-nine Kenyan schoolchildren were studied for aflatoxin-albumin adduct (AF-alb), IGF1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) levels using ELISA. AF-alb was inversely associated with IGF1 and IGFBP3 (p < 0.05). Both IGF1 and IGFBP3 were significantly associated with child height and weight (p < 0.01). Children in the highest tertile of AF-alb exposure (>198.5 pg/mg) were shorter than children in the lowest tertile (<74.5 pg/mg), after adjusting for confounders (p = 0.043). Path analysis suggested that IGF1 levels explained ∼16% of the impact of aflatoxin exposure on child height (p = 0.052). To further investigate this putative mechanistic pathway, HHL-16 liver cells (where HHL-16 is human hepatocyte line 16 cells) were treated with aflatoxin B1 (0.5, 5 and 20 μg/mL for 24-48 h). IGF1 and IGFBP3 gene expression measured by quantitative PCR and protein in culture media showed a significant down-regulation of IGF genes and reduced IGF protein levels. CONCLUSION Aflatoxin treatment resulted in a significant decrease in IGF gene and protein expression in vitro. IGF protein levels were also lower in children with the highest levels of AFB-alb adducts. The data suggest that aflatoxin-induced changes in IGF protein levels could contribute to growth impairment where aflatoxin exposure is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovita M. Castelino
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Shona Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David W. Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Christopher P. Wild
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, Lyon, 69372 Cedex 08, France
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Institute of Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
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Guan LZ, Sun YP, Cai JS, Wu HD, Yu LZ, Zhang YL, Xi QY. The aflatoxin-detoxifizyme specific expression in mouse parotid gland. Transgenic Res 2015; 24:489-96. [PMID: 25603989 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aflatoxin-detoxifizyme (ADTZ) gene derived from Armillariella tabescens was cloned into parotid gland-specific expression vector (pPSPBGPneo) to construct the parotid gland-specific vector expressing ADTZ (pPSPBGPneo-ADTZ). Transgenic mice were generated by microinjection and identified by using PCR and Southern blotting analysis. PCR and Southern blotting analysis showed that total six transgenic mice carried the ADTZ gene were generated. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of ADTZ mRNA could be detected only in parotid glands of the transgenic mice. The ADTZ activity in the saliva was found to be 3.72 ± 1.64 U/mL. After feeding a diet containing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for 14 days, the effect of ADTZ on serum biochemical indexes and AFB1 residues in serum and liver of mice were evaluated. The results showed that total protein and globulin contents in the test treatment (transgenic mice) produced ADTZ were significantly higher than that of the positive control, while alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in serum of the test treatment (transgenic mice) were remarkably lower compared to that of the positive control (P < 0.05). Moreover, AFB1 residues in serum and liver of the test treatment (transgenic mice) were significantly lower compared with that of the positive control (P < 0.05). These results in the study confirmed that ADTZ produced in transgenic mice could reduce, even eliminate the negative effects of AFB1 on mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-zeng Guan
- Agriculture College, Yanbian University, Gongyuan Road, Yanji, 133000, China,
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47
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Yang ZB, Wan XL, Yang WR, Jiang SZ, Zhang GG, Johnston SL, Chi F. Effects of naturally mycotoxin-contaminated corn on nutrient and energy utilization of ducks fed diets with or without Calibrin-A. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2199-209. [PMID: 25037822 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred sixty-two 21-d-old ducks were randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 3 levels of mycotoxin-contaminated corn (0, 50, and 100% M) and 2 levels of Calibrin-A (CA, a clay mycotoxin adsorbent, 0 and 0.1%) to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of mycotoxin-contaminated corn on nutrient utilization in ducks fed diets with or without CA. Endogenous losses were obtained from another 27 ducks. Excreta samples were collected to determine DM, OM, CP, amino acids, and gross energy. Gross energy was analyzed for computation of AME and TME. The apparent digestibility (AD) and true digestibility (TD) of the nutrients in all treatments with and without CA had common (P > 0.05) intercepts and slopes except Pro (P < 0.05). The AME, TME, AD, and TD of DM, OM, Phe, and Gly were linearly (P < 0.05) decreased as the concentration of contaminated corn in the diet increased. Ducks fed the 100% M diet supplemented with 0.1% CA increased AD and TD of Gly compared with the 100% M diet, and ducks fed 50 and 100% M diet supplemented with 0.1% CA increased AD and TD of Pro compared with 50% M and 100% M diet, respectively. In the present study, ducks fed mycotoxin-contaminated corn decreased nutrient digestibility in dose-dependent manner, and 0.1% CA supplementation improved AD and TD of Gly and Pro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
| | - X L Wan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
| | - W R Yang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
| | - S Z Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
| | - G G Zhang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
| | | | - F Chi
- Amlan International, Chicago, IL 60611
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48
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Chen X, Horn N, Cotter PF, Applegate TJ. Growth, serum biochemistry, complement activity, and liver gene expression responses of Pekin ducklings to graded levels of cultured aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci 2014; 93:2028-36. [PMID: 24902705 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2014-03904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-d study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cultured aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on performance, serum biochemistry, serum natural antibody and complement activity, and hepatic gene expression parameters in Pekin ducklings. A total of 144 male Pekin ducklings were weighed, tagged, and randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments containing 4 concentrations of AFB1 (0, 0.11, 0.14, and 0.21 mg/kg) from 0 to 14 d of age (6 cages per diet; 6 ducklings per cage). Compared with the control group, there was a 10.9, 31.7, and 47.4% (P < 0.05) decrease in cumulative BW gain with 0.11, 0.14, and 0.21 mg of AFB1/kg of diet, respectively, but feed efficiency was not affected. Increasing concentrations of AFB1 reduced cumulative BW gain and feed intake both linearly and quadratically, and regression equations were developed with r(2) ≥0.73. Feeding 0.11 to 0.21 mg of AFB1/kg reduced serum glucose, creatinine, albumin, total protein, globulin, Ca, P, and creatine phosphokinase linearly, whereas serum urea N, Cl, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate amino transferase concentrations increased linearly with increasing AFB1 (P < 0.05). Additionally, 0.11 to 0.21 mg of AFB1/kg diets impaired classical and alternative complement pathways in the duckling serum when tested by lysis of rabbit, human type O, and horse erythrocytes, and decreased rabbit and horse agglutinins (P < 0.05). Liver peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) expression was linearly downregulated by AFB1 (P < 0.01). Results from this study indicate that for every 0.10 mg/kg increase in dietary AFB1, cumulative feed intake and BW gain decrease approximately 230 and 169 g per duckling from hatch to 14 d; and that AFB1 at very low concentrations can significantly impair liver function and gene expression, and innate immune dynamics in Pekin ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
| | - N Horn
- JBS United Inc., Sheridan, IN 46069
| | | | - T J Applegate
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906
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Effects of Corn Naturally Contaminated with Aflatoxins on Performance, Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, and Bone Mineralization of Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0130053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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50
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Chen J, Chen K, Yuan S, Peng X, Fang J, Wang F, Cui H, Chen Z, Yuan J, Geng Y. Effects of aflatoxin B1 on oxidative stress markers and apoptosis of spleens in broilers. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:278-84. [PMID: 24097364 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713500819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in spleen of broilers. A total of 200 one-day-old avian male broilers were randomly divided into 4 equal groups of 50 each and were fed for 21 days as follows: a control diet and three AFB1 diets containing 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 mg AFB1/kg diet. Consumption of AFB1 diets induced oxidative stress in the spleen of chicken as evidenced by reduced glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase activities, decreased glutathione contents, and increased malondialdehyde contents in explaining the pathogenesis. Flow cytometer method and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling assay revealed that the apoptotic splenocytes were increased in AFB1 groups. The results suggest that AFB1 induced excessive apoptosis of splenic lymphocytes, which is correlated with increased oxidative stress. The present results may be helpful for explaining the pathogenesis of AFB1-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejie Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Yuan
- Institute of Rare Animals and Plants, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyuan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxin Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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