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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Fan Y, Li W, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhou W, Wang M, Jiang S, Shang E, Duan J. Multi-omics combined to explore the purging mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1243:124218. [PMID: 38959707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex have been used together to treat constipation in the clinical practices for more than 2000 years. Nonetheless, their compatibility mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the amelioration of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma combined with Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex on constipation was systematically and comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that their compatibility could markedly shorten gastrointestinal transport time, increase fecal water content and frequency of defecation, improve gastrointestinal hormone disorders and protect colon tissue of constipation rats compared with the single drug. Furthermore, according to 16S rRNA sequencing in conjunction with UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, the combination of two herbal medications could greatly raise the number of salutary bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Romboutsia and Subdoligranulum) while decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Erysipelatoclostridiaceae). And two herb drugs could markedly improve the disorder of fecal metabolic profiles. A total of 7 different metabolites associated with constipation were remarkably shifted by the compatibility of two herbs, which were mainly related to arachidonic acid metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and other metabolic ways. Thus, the regulation of intestinal microbiome and its metabolism could be a potential target for Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex herb pair to treat constipation. Furthermore, the multi-omics approach utilized in this study, which integrated the microbiome and metabolome, had potential for investigating the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Quyi Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yuwen Fan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Erxin Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Cao S, Liu M, Han Y, Li S, Zhu X, Li D, Shi Y, Liu B. Effects of Saponins on Lipid Metabolism: The Gut-Liver Axis Plays a Key Role. Nutrients 2024; 16:1514. [PMID: 38794751 PMCID: PMC11124185 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles (high-fat diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, too little exercise, etc.) in the current society are prone to cause lipid metabolism disorders affecting the health of the organism and inducing the occurrence of diseases. Saponins, as biologically active substances present in plants, have lipid-lowering, inflammation-reducing, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. Saponins are thought to be involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in the body; it suppresses the appetite and, thus, reduces energy intake by modulating pro-opiomelanocortin/Cocaine amphetamine regulated transcript (POMC/CART) neurons and neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide (NPY/AGRP) neurons in the hypothalamus, the appetite control center. Saponins directly activate the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and related transcriptional regulators such as peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptors (PPAR), CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP), and sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP) increase fatty acid oxidation and inhibit lipid synthesis. It also modulates gut-liver interactions to improve lipid metabolism by regulating gut microbes and their metabolites and derivatives-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine (TMA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), et al. This paper reviews the positive effects of different saponins on lipid metabolism disorders, suggesting that the gut-liver axis plays a crucial role in improving lipid metabolism processes and may be used as a therapeutic target to provide new strategies for treating lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Yao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forage Resource Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forage Resource Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forage Resource Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (S.C.); (M.L.); (Y.H.); (S.L.); (X.Z.); (D.L.)
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Forage Resource Innovation and Utilization, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Liu H, Wei M, Tan B, Dong X, Xie S. The Supplementation of Berberine in High-Carbohydrate Diets Improves Glucose Metabolism of Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) via Transcriptome, Bile Acid Synthesis Gene Expression and Intestinal Flora. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1239. [PMID: 38672387 PMCID: PMC11047455 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Berberine is an alkaloid used to treat diabetes. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of berberine supplementation in high-carbohydrate diets on the growth performance, glucose metabolism, bile acid synthesis, liver transcriptome, and intestinal flora of Nile tilapia. The six dietary groups were the C group with 29% carbohydrate, the H group with 44% carbohydrate, and the HB1-HB4 groups supplemented with 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg of berberine in group H. The results of the 8-week trial showed that compared to group C, the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased in group HB2 (p < 0.05). The cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol-27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) activities were decreased and the expression of FXR was increased in group HB4 (p < 0.05). The pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities was decreased in group HB4 (p < 0.05). The liver transcriptome suggests that berberine affects carbohydrate metabolic pathways and primary bile acid synthesis pathways. In summary, berberine affects the glucose metabolism in tilapia by altering the intestinal flora structure, enriching differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the bile acid pathway to stimulate bile acid production so that it promotes glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis. Therefore, 100 mg/kg of berberine supplementation in high-carbohydrate diets is beneficial to tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Menglin Wei
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (H.L.); (M.W.); (X.D.); (S.X.)
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Ricciutelli M, Angeloni S, Conforti S, Corneli M, Caprioli G, Sagratini G, Alabed HBR, D'Amato Tóthová J, Pellegrino RM. An untargeted metabolomics approach to study changes of the medium during human cornea culture. Metabolomics 2024; 20:44. [PMID: 38581549 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-024-02102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two main approaches (organ culture and hypothermia) for the preservation and storage of human donor corneas are globally adopted for corneal preservation before the transplant. Hypothermia is a hypothermic storage which slows down cellular metabolism while organ culture, a corneal culture performed at 28-37 °C, maintains an active corneal metabolism. Researchers, till now, have just studied the impact of organ culture on human cornea after manipulating and disrupting tissues. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current work was to optimize an analytical procedure which can be useful for discovering biomarkers capable of predicting tissue health status. For the first time, this research proposed a preliminary metabolomics study on medium for organ culture without manipulating and disrupting the valuable human tissues which could be still used for transplantation. METHODS In particular, the present research proposed a method for investigating changes in the medium, over a storage period of 20 days, in presence and absence of a human donor cornea. An untargeted metabolomics approach using UHPLC-QTOF was developed to deeply investigate the differences on metabolites and metabolic pathways and the influence of the presence of the cornea inside the medium. RESULTS Differences in the expression of some compounds emerged from this preliminary metabolomics approach, in particular in medium maintained for 10 and 20 days in presence but also in the absence of cornea. A total of 173 metabolites have been annotated and 36 pathways were enriched by pathway analysis. CONCLUSION The results revealed a valuable untargeted metabolomics approach which can be applied in organ culture metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ricciutelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Simone Angeloni
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, I-62032, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Silvia Conforti
- The Marche Region Eye Bank, AST Ancona - E. Profili Hospital, 60044, Fabriano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Corneli
- The Marche Region Eye Bank, AST Ancona - E. Profili Hospital, 60044, Fabriano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, I-62032, Camerino, Italy
| | - Husam B R Alabed
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Maria Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100, Perugia, Italy
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Németh K, Sterczer Á, Kiss DS, Lányi RK, Hemző V, Vámos K, Bartha T, Buzás A, Lányi K. Determination of Bile Acids in Canine Biological Samples: Diagnostic Significance. Metabolites 2024; 14:178. [PMID: 38668306 PMCID: PMC11052161 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive examination of bile acids is of paramount importance across various fields of health sciences, influencing physiology, microbiology, internal medicine, and pharmacology. While enzymatic reaction-based photometric methods remain fundamental for total BA measurements, there is a burgeoning demand for more sophisticated techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for comprehensive BA profiling. This evolution reflects a need for nuanced diagnostic assessments in clinical practice. In canines, a BA assessment involves considering factors, such as food composition, transit times, and breed-specific variations. Multiple matrices, including blood, feces, urine, liver tissue, and gallbladder bile, offer insights into BA profiles, yet interpretations remain complex, particularly in fecal analysis due to sampling challenges and breed-specific differences. Despite ongoing efforts, a consensus regarding optimal matrices and diagnostic thresholds remains elusive, highlighting the need for further research. Emphasizing the scarcity of systematic animal studies and underscoring the importance of ap-propriate sampling methodologies, our review advocates for targeted investigations into BA alterations in canine pathology, promising insights into pathomechanisms, early disease detection, and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Németh
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.); (D.S.K.); (V.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Ágnes Sterczer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Dávid Sándor Kiss
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.); (D.S.K.); (V.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Réka Katalin Lányi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Zrínyi u. 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Vivien Hemző
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.); (D.S.K.); (V.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Kriszta Vámos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Bartha
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (K.N.); (D.S.K.); (V.H.); (T.B.)
| | - Anna Buzás
- Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Katalin Lányi
- Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary; (A.B.); (K.L.)
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Wan S, Xie X, Yang G, Feng F. Discovery of the toxicity-related quality markers and mechanisms of Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction based on Chinmedomics combined with differentially absorbed components and network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117408. [PMID: 37972910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction (ZZHPD), as a representative traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of depression, has frequently triggered hepatorenal toxicity in recent years. However, its toxic effect, material basis, and underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the hepatorenal toxicity-material basis-quality markers (Q-markers) and multiple mechanisms of ZZHPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS ZZHPD-induced rat model of toxicity was evaluated by behavioral indicators, biochemical parameters, and histopathological sections. Then, UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS combined with multivariate data analysis was utilized to identify the endogenous differential metabolites and the prototype components of ZZHPD in the plasma. A comprehensive strategy integrating in-house library, diagnostic ions, Compound Discover software, and network databases was constructed to identify the chemical constituents of ZZHPD. Additionally, the differentially absorbed components of ZZHPD were screened out based on the spectrum-effect relationship (toxic state and normal state), feature extraction of exogenous components, and variable influence on projection (VIP). Further, Chinmedomics and network pharmacology oriented by differentially absorbed components were performed to predict toxicity-related Q-markers and core targets, as well as relevant pathways. Finally, the binding ability between components and targets was predicted using molecular docking, and the mRNA expression of core target genes was determined by real-time qPCR experiment. RESULTS ZZHPD exerted significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats accompanied by body weight loss, abnormal biochemical indicators, and pathologic characteristics with mild inflammation and cell damage. The results of plasma metabolomics indicated that 22 differential metabolites interfered by ZZHPD mainly involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism and biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, pyrimidine and purine metabolism. Firstly, 106 chemical substances of ZZHPD were identified, 44 of them were absorbed into the blood, mainly including 7 iridoid glycosides, 15 flavonoids, 5 lignans, and others. Then, the correlation analysis results suggested that 12 of 19 differentially absorbed constituents were highly correlated with 22 differential metabolites and recognized as potential Q-markers. Finally, 9 toxicity-related Q-markers were predicted and confirmed with better binding ability to 5 core targets (PTGS2, CASP3, TNF, PPARG, HMOX1), including 3 flavonoids (naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin), 2 iridoid glycosides (geniposide and genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside), 2 lignans (honokiol and magnolol), organic acid (chlorogenic acid), and crocin (crocetin). The real-time qPCR results showed that the mRNA levels of CASP3, TNF-α, and PPARG significantly increased in the damaged liver. Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology results, the multiple mechanisms of toxicity might involve in oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. CONCLUSION Taken together, the toxicity-related Q-markers of ZZHPD screened for the first time in this work were reliable, and the holistic intervention for hepatorenal toxicity further revealed the multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway features in TCM. The integrated approach provides a novel perspective for the discovery of toxicity/efficacy-related substances and mechanistic studies in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Gongjun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Lun W, Yan Q, Guo X, Zhou M, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Mechanism of action of the bile acid receptor TGR5 in obesity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:468-491. [PMID: 38322325 PMCID: PMC10840437 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane protein receptors, and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a member of this family. As a membrane receptor, TGR5 is widely distributed in different parts of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, including the processes of energy consumption, weight loss and blood glucose homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that TGR5 plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism disorders such as fatty liver, obesity and diabetes. With the global obesity situation becoming more and more serious, a comprehensive explanation of the mechanism of TGR5 and filling the gaps in knowledge concerning clinical ligand drugs are urgently needed. In this review, we mainly explain the anti-obesity mechanism of TGR5 to promote the further study of this target, and show the electron microscope structure of TGR5 and review recent studies on TGR5 ligands to illustrate the specific binding between TGR5 receptor binding sites and ligands, which can effectively provide new ideas for ligand research and promote drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Lun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qihao Yan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minchuan Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Correa Lopes B, Chen CC, Sung CH, Ishii PE, Medina LFDC, Gaschen FP, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R. Correlation between Peptacetobacter hiranonis, the baiCD Gene, and Secondary Bile Acids in Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:216. [PMID: 38254385 PMCID: PMC10812727 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid metabolism is a key pathway modulated by intestinal microbiota. Peptacetobacter (Clostridium) hiranonis has been described as the main species responsible for the conversion of primary into secondary fecal unconjugated bile acids (fUBA) in dogs. This multi-step biochemical pathway is encoded by the bile acid-inducible (bai) operon. We aimed to assess the correlation between P. hiranonis abundance, the abundance of one specific gene of the bai operon (baiCD), and secondary fUBA concentrations. In this retrospective study, 133 fecal samples were analyzed from 24 dogs. The abundances of P. hiranonis and baiCD were determined using qPCR. The concentration of fUBA was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The baiCD abundance exhibited a strong positive correlation with secondary fUBA (ρ = 0.7377, 95% CI (0.6461, 0.8084), p < 0.0001). Similarly, there was a strong correlation between P. hiranonis and secondary fUBA (ρ = 0.6658, 95% CI (0.5555, 0.7532), p < 0.0001). Animals displaying conversion of fUBA and lacking P. hiranonis were not observed. These results suggest P. hiranonis is the main converter of primary to secondary bile acids in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Correa Lopes
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Chih-Chun Chen
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Chi-Hsuan Sung
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Patricia Eri Ishii
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Luis Fernando da Costa Medina
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Frederic P. Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.S.); (P.E.I.); (L.F.d.C.M.); (J.S.S.); (R.P.)
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9
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Zhang M, Xiao B, Chen X, Ou B, Wang S. Physical exercise plays a role in rebalancing the bile acids of enterohepatic axis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14065. [PMID: 38037846 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common diseases of lipid metabolism disorders, which is closely related to bile acids disorders and gut microbiota disorders. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and processed by gut microbiota in intestinal tract, and participate in metabolic regulation through the enterohepatic circulation. Bile acids not only promote the consumption and absorption of intestinal fat but also play an important role in biological metabolic signaling network, affecting fat metabolism and glucose metabolism. Studies have demonstrated that exercise plays an important role in regulating the composition and function of bile acid pool in enterohepatic axis, which maintains the homeostasis of the enterohepatic circulation and the health of the host gut microbiota. Exercise has been recommended by several health guidelines as the first-line intervention for patients with NAFLD. Can exercise alter bile acids through the microbiota in the enterohepatic axis? If so, regulating bile acids through exercise may be a promising treatment strategy for NAFLD. However, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we tried to review the relationship among NAFLD, physical exercise, bile acids, and gut microbiota through the existing data and literature, highlighting the role of physical exercise in rebalancing bile acid and microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyang Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bingming Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Fan A, Hou BL, Tang Z, Wang T, Zhang D, Liang Y, Wang Z. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Indigo Naturalis Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in Mice. J Med Food 2023; 26:877-889. [PMID: 38010862 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), often known as UC, is an inflammatory disease of the intestines that has frequent and long-lasting flare-ups. It is unknown precisely how the traditional Chinese drug Indigo Naturalis (IN) heals inflammatory bowel disease, despite its long-standing use in China and Japan. Finding new metabolite biomarkers linked to UC could improve our understanding of the disease, speed up the diagnostic process, and provide insight into how certain drugs work to treat the condition. Our work is designed to use a metabolomic method to analyze potential alterations in endogenous substances and their impact on metabolic pathways in a mouse model of UC. To determine which biomarkers and metabolisms are more frequently connected with IN's effects on UC, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the serum metabolomics of UC mice and normal mice was performed. The outcomes demonstrated that IN boosted the health of UC mice and reduced the severity of their metabolic dysfunction. In the UC model, it was also found that IN changed the way 17 biomarkers and 3 metabolisms functioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Fan
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Bao-Long Hou
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Dongbo Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Yanni Liang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
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11
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Dai S, Zhou S, Ju Y, Yao W, Tang Y, Zheng J, Ma S, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Synergistic effect of Euphorbia kansui stir-fried with vinegar and bile acids on malignant ascites effusion through modulation of gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1249910. [PMID: 38026948 PMCID: PMC10665909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1249910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Toxic Euphorbia kansui (EK) is employed to treat malignant ascites effusion (MAE). EK stir-fried with vinegar (VEK) has been demonstrated to reduce toxicity due to its preserved water-expelling effect. This was demonstrated to be correlated with gut microbiota. Therein, bile acids (BAs) have a bidirectional relationship with the gut microbiota. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore whether BA-mediated gut microbiota influences the water-expelling effect of VEK against MAE. Methods: The MAE rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Walker-256 tumor cells. A reliable simultaneous method for the determination of 15 bile acids in rat feces using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established and applied to analyze the fecal BAs in rats treated with VEK. The screened BA was then administered to VEK-treated MAE rats. The water-expelling effect was evaluated using histopathological analysis, biochemical examination, inflammatory factors in ascites, urine volume, ascites amount, and intestinal aquaporin expression. The microbial composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the contents of bile acids were finally measured. Results: VEK decreased the content of fecal deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and taurocholic acid (TCA) while increasing the content of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). VEK alleviated liver, stomach, and intestinal injuries; oxidative damage; and inflammation, which were further ameliorated with UDCA intervention. VEK alleviated MAE by increasing the fecal water content, urine volume, and AQP3 protein expression and decreasing the urine levels of Na+, K+, and Cl-. This was retained with the intervention of UDCA. UDCA and VEK regulated the BA metabolism disorder to a certain extent. Analysis of gut microbiota showed that VEK increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased that of Prevotella_9 in MAE rats. The combined administration of UDCA and VEK showed a better modulation of the microbiota structure than that of VEK alone, and the effect of this administration reached closer to the reference state. Conclusion: The water-expelling effect of VEK did not directly depend on the BA-mediated gut microbiota. However, VEK and BAs had a synergistic effect on malignant ascites effusion through the regulation of the gut microbiota. These results provided a scientific basis for the reasonable usage of VEK and the novel combination treatment strategy of VEK and UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Dai
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shikang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Ju
- School of Medicine and Chemical Materials, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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12
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Yang H, Wang Q, Xi Y, Yu W, Xie D, Morisaki H, Morisaki T, Cheng J. AMPD2 plays important roles in regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112039. [PMID: 37567359 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism can instigate the onset of various metabolic disorders including obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase (AMPD), which converts AMP to inosine monophosphate, plays a key role in maintaining adenylate energy charge. AMPD2 is the major isoform present in the liver. However, the mechanistic link between AMPD2 and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we probed into the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in AMPD2-deficient (A2-/-) mice. These mice exhibited reduced body weight, fat accumulation, and blood glucose levels, coupled with enhanced insulin sensitivity while maintaining consistent calorie intake and spontaneous motor activity compared with wild type mice. Furthermore, A2-/- mice showed mitigated obesity and hyper-insulinemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) but elevated levels of the serum triglyceride and cholesterol. The hepatic mRNA levels of several fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism-related genes were altered in A2-/- mice. RNA sequencing unveiled multiple alterations in lipid metabolic pathways due to AMPD2 deficiency. These mice were also more susceptible to fasting or HFD-induced hepatic lipid accumulation. The liver exhibited elevated AMP levels but unaltered AMP/ATP ratio. In addition, AMPD2 deficiency is not associated with the adenosine production. In summary, this study established a link between purine metabolism and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via AMPD2, providing novel insights into these metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuemei Xi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hiroko Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Genecics, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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13
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Manthei A, López-Gámez G, Martín-Belloso O, Elez-Martínez P, Soliva-Fortuny R. Relationship between Physicochemical, Techno-Functional and Health-Promoting Properties of Fiber-Rich Fruit and Vegetable By-Products and Their Enhancement by Emerging Technologies. Foods 2023; 12:3720. [PMID: 37893613 PMCID: PMC10606636 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation and processing of fruits and vegetables produce high amounts of underutilized fractions, such as pomace and peel, which present a risk to the environment but constitute a valuable source of dietary fiber (DF) and bioactive compounds. The utilization of these fiber-rich products as functional food ingredients demands the application of treatments to improve their techno-functional properties, such as oil and water binding, and health-related properties, such as fermentability, adsorption, and retardation capacities of glucose, cholesterol, and bile acids. The enhancement of health-promoting properties is strongly connected with certain structural and techno-functional characteristics, such as the soluble DF content, presence of hydrophobic groups, and viscosity. Novel physical, environmentally friendly technologies, such as ultrasound (US), high-pressure processing (HPP), extrusion, and microwave, have been found to have higher potential than chemical and comminution techniques in causing desirable structural alterations of the DF network that lead to the improvement of techno-functionality and health promotion. The application of enzymes was related to higher soluble DF content, which might be associated with improved DF properties. Combined physical and enzymatic treatments can aid solubilization and modifications, but their benefit needs to be evaluated for each DF source and the desired outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert Soliva-Fortuny
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Science, University of Lleida/Agrotecnio-CeRCA Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.M.)
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14
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Yamashita A, Ignatenko O, Nguyen M, Lambert R, Watt K, Daneault C, Robillard-Frayne I, Topisirovic I, Rosiers CD, McBride HM. Depletion of LONP2 unmasks differential requirements for peroxisomal function between cell types and in cholesterol metabolism. Biol Direct 2023; 18:60. [PMID: 37736739 PMCID: PMC10515011 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes play a central role in tuning metabolic and signaling programs in a tissue- and cell-type-specific manner. However, the mechanisms by which the status of peroxisomes is communicated and integrated into cellular signaling pathways are not yet understood. Herein, we report the cellular responses to peroxisomal proteotoxic stress upon silencing the peroxisomal protease/chaperone LONP2. Depletion of LONP2 triggered the accumulation of its substrate TYSND1 protease, while the overall expression of peroxisomal proteins, as well as TYSND1-dependent ACOX1 processing appeared normal, reflecting early stages of peroxisomal proteotoxic stress. Consequently, the alteration of peroxisome size and numbers, and luminal protein import failure was coupled with induction of cell-specific cellular stress responses. Specific to COS-7 cells was a strong activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) and upregulation of ribosomal biogenesis gene expression levels. Common changes between COS-7 and U2OS cell lines included repression of the retinoic acid signaling pathway and upregulation of sphingolipids. Cholesterol accumulated in the endomembrane compartments in both cell lines, consistent with evidence that peroxisomes are required for cholesterol flux out of late endosomes. These unexpected consequences of peroxisomal stress provide an important insight into our understanding of the tissue-specific responses seen in peroxisomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamashita
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olesia Ignatenko
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mai Nguyen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Lambert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kathleen Watt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Heidi M McBride
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Ramos-Garcia V, Ten-Doménech I, Vento M, Bullich-Vilarrubias C, Romaní-Pérez M, Sanz Y, Nobili A, Falcone M, Di Stefano M, Quintás G, Kuligowski J. Fast profiling of primary, secondary, conjugated, and sulfated bile acids in human urine and murine feces samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:4961-4971. [PMID: 37338567 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a complex class of metabolites that have been described as specific biomarkers of gut microbiota activity. The development of analytical methods allowing the quantification of an ample spectrum of BAs in different biological matrices is needed to enable a wider implementation of BAs as complementary measures in studies investigating the functional role of the gut microbiota. This work presents results from the validation of a targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 28 BAs and six sulfated BAs, covering primary, secondary, and conjugated BAs. The analysis of 73 urine and 20 feces samples was used to test the applicability of the method. Concentrations of BAs in human urine and murine feces were reported, ranging from 0.5 to 50 nmol/g creatinine and from 0.012 to 332 nmol/g, respectively. Seventy-nine percent of BAs present in human urine samples corresponded to secondary conjugated BAs, while 69% of BAs present in murine feces corresponded to primary conjugated BAs. Glycocholic acid sulfate (GCA-S) was the most abundant BA in human urine samples, while taurolithocholic acid was the lowest concentrated compound detected. In murine feces, the most abundant BAs were α-murocholic, deoxycholic, dehydrocholic, and β-murocholic acids, while GCA-S was the lowest concentrated BA. The presented method is a non-invasive approach for the simultaneous assessment of BAs and sulfated BAs in urine and feces samples, and the results will serve as a knowledge base for future translational studies focusing on the role of the microbiota in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ramos-Garcia
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Ten-Doménech
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Division of Neonatology, University & Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Bullich-Vilarrubias
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Angelica Nobili
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Falcone
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Di Stefano
- Maternal and Child Health Area, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillermo Quintás
- Health and Biomedicine, Leitat Technological Center, Carrer de la Innovació, 2, 08225, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Avda Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
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16
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Ehtezazi T, Rahman K, Davies R, Leach AG. The Pathological Effects of Circulating Hydrophobic Bile Acids in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:173-211. [PMID: 36994114 PMCID: PMC10041467 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have revealed that the serum levels of toxic hydrophobic bile acids (deoxy cholic acid, lithocholic acid [LCA], and glycoursodeoxycholic acid) are significantly higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) when compared to control subjects. The elevated serum bile acids may be the result of hepatic peroxisomal dysfunction. Circulating hydrophobic bile acids are able to disrupt the blood-brain barrier and promote the formation of amyloid-β plaques through enhancing the oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid. Hydrophobic bile acid may find their ways into the neurons via the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. It has been shown that hydrophobic bile acids impose their pathological effects by activating farnesoid X receptor and suppressing bile acid synthesis in the brain, blocking NMDA receptors, lowering brain oxysterol levels, and interfering with 17β-estradiol actions such as LCA by binding to E2 receptors (molecular modelling data exclusive to this paper). Hydrophobic bile acids may interfere with the sonic hedgehog signaling through alteration of cell membrane rafts and reducing brain 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol. This article will 1) analyze the pathological roles of circulating hydrophobic bile acids in the brain, 2) propose therapeutic approaches, and 3) conclude that consideration be given to reducing/monitoring toxic bile acid levels in patients with AD or aMCI, prior/in combination with other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rhys Davies
- The Walton Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew G Leach
- School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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17
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Lin S, Huang L, Wu Y, Huang L, Wu P, Huang T, Li Z, Hu Y. Uncovering the protective mechanism of Pien-Tze-Huang in rat with alcoholic liver injury based on cytokines analysis and untargeted metabonomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1217:123626. [PMID: 36753840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH) is a well-known traditional Chinese patent medicine with excellent liver-protection effect. However, the mechanism of hepatoprotective action has not yet been entirely elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of protective effect of PTH on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats using cytokine analysis and untargeted metabolomics approaches. An alcoholic liver disease (ALD) model with SD rats was established, and PTH was administered according to the prescribed dose. The hepatoprotective effect of PTH was evaluated by pathological observation of liver tissue and changes in biochemical index activity and cytokines in serum. Serum samples were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS), and differentially expressed metabolites were screened by multivariate statistical analysis. KEGG combined with metabolic pathway analysis were used to evaluate the underlying metabolic pathways. Results showed liver histopathology injury was attenuated. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and NF-κB were significantly decreased in rats intervened with PTH groups, suggesting that it may alleviate inflammation via suppressing the inflammatory cytokines signaling pathway. Eighty differentially expressed metabolites were found and identified. Pathway analysis indicated that the hepatoprotective effects of PTH occurred through the regulation of inflammatory cytokines signaling pathway, primary bile acid biosynthesis, vitamin B6 metabolism pathway, cholesterol metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism. PTH showed favorable hepatoprotective effect through multiple pathways. This study has great importance in fully revealing the mechanism of hepatoprotective action and can help improve the clinical application of PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouer Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Physical and Chemical Analysis Department, Fujian Provincial Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Lingyi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Liying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Pingping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Zhenyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical university, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China
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18
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Eshiaty SA, Abdelsattar S, Sweed D, Abdel-Aziz SA, Elfert A, Elsaid H. The value of blood and urine metabolomics in differential diagnosis of cholestasis in infants. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-023-00244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early detection of biliary atresia (BA) is a great challenge providing the main useful way to improve its clinical consequence. Promising metabolomics provides an effective method for determining innovative biomarkers and biochemical ways for improving early diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the benefit of serum and urinary potential bile acid metabolites in the differentiation of BA from non-biliary atresia (non-BA) cases using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Fourteen bile acids metabolites were measured quantitively by MS/MS in serum and urine samples from 102 cholestatic infants and 102 control infants, in addition to the assay of the total serum bile acid enzymatically.
Results
After the diagnostic clinical and laboratory workflow, cholestatic infants were divided into BA (37 infants) and non-BA (65 infants) subgroups. Remarkably on analysis of serum individual bile acid concentrations, there were significant differences between cholestatic BA and non-BA regarding serum (glycocenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), and GCDCA/chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) ratio) (p < 0.001, for all), while there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding serum level of (cholic acid (CA), glycocholic (GCA), or TCDCA/CDCA ratio). There were no significant differences in either the urinary individual bile acids or urinary primary bile acids (conjugated or unconjugated) between BA and non-BA. Further principal component analysis (PCA) analysis was done and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed using score plots of the positive factors in the first two principal components PC1 (CA, GCA, GCDCA, TCA, TCDCA) and PC2 (CA, CDCA, lithocholic (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)) for establishing the differences between the two diseased groups and revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) for PC1 was (0.770) higher than AUC for PC2 (0.583) indicating that the positive components of PC1 may be potential biomarkers for differentiation between the two cholestatic groups.
Conclusions
Metabolomics of serum bile acid levels using tandem mass spectrometry might change the paradigm differentiating BA from non-BA saving patients from unnecessary invasive procedures.
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19
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Yeo XY, Tan LY, Chae WR, Lee DY, Lee YA, Wuestefeld T, Jung S. Liver's influence on the brain through the action of bile acids. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123967. [PMID: 36816113 PMCID: PMC9932919 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver partakes as a sensor and effector of peripheral metabolic changes and a regulator of systemic blood and nutrient circulation. As such, abnormalities arising from liver dysfunction can influence the brain in multiple ways, owing to direct and indirect bilateral communication between the liver and the brain. Interestingly, altered bile acid composition resulting from perturbed liver cholesterol metabolism influences systemic inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier permeability, and neuron synaptic functions. Furthermore, bile acids produced by specific bacterial species may provide a causal link between dysregulated gut flora and neurodegenerative disease pathology through the gut-brain axis. This review will cover the role of bile acids-an often-overlooked category of active metabolites-in the development of neurological disorders associated with neurodegeneration. Further studies into bile acid signaling in the brain may provide insights into novel treatments against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Yong-An Lee,
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Siingapore,National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Torsten Wuestefeld,
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Sangyong Jung,
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20
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Wanders RJA, Baes M, Ribeiro D, Ferdinandusse S, Waterham HR. The physiological functions of human peroxisomes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:957-1024. [PMID: 35951481 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00051.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles that play a central role in human physiology by catalyzing a range of unique metabolic functions. The importance of peroxisomes for human health is exemplified by the existence of a group of usually severe diseases caused by an impairment in one or more peroxisomal functions. Among others these include the Zellweger spectrum disorders, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, and Refsum disease. To fulfill their role in metabolism, peroxisomes require continued interaction with other subcellular organelles including lipid droplets, lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. In recent years it has become clear that the metabolic alliance between peroxisomes and other organelles requires the active participation of tethering proteins to bring the organelles physically closer together, thereby achieving efficient transfer of metabolites. This review intends to describe the current state of knowledge about the metabolic role of peroxisomes in humans, with particular emphasis on the metabolic partnership between peroxisomes and other organelles and the consequences of genetic defects in these processes. We also describe the biogenesis of peroxisomes and the consequences of the multiple genetic defects therein. In addition, we discuss the functional role of peroxisomes in different organs and tissues and include relevant information derived from model systems, notably peroxisomal mouse models. Finally, we pay particular attention to a hitherto underrated role of peroxisomes in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Baes
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sacha Ferdinandusse
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,United for Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Rausch M, Samodelov SL, Visentin M, Kullak-Ublick GA. The Farnesoid X Receptor as a Master Regulator of Hepatotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213967. [PMID: 36430444 PMCID: PMC9695947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) is a bile acid (BA) sensor that links the enterohepatic circuit that regulates BA metabolism and elimination to systemic lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, FXR represents a real guardian of the hepatic function, preserving, in a multifactorial fashion, the integrity and function of hepatocytes from chronic and acute insults. This review summarizes how FXR modulates the expression of pathway-specific as well as polyspecific transporters and enzymes, thereby acting at the interface of BA, lipid and drug metabolism, and influencing the onset and progression of hepatotoxicity of varying etiopathogeneses. Furthermore, this review article provides an overview of the advances and the clinical development of FXR agonists in the treatment of liver diseases.
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22
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Mendes MPR, Paiva MJN, Costa-Amaral IC, Carvalho LVB, Figueiredo VO, Gonçalves ES, Larentis AL, André LC. Metabolomic Study of Urine from Workers Exposed to Low Concentrations of Benzene by UHPLC-ESI-QToF-MS Reveals Potential Biomarkers Associated with Oxidative Stress and Genotoxicity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100978. [PMID: 36295880 PMCID: PMC9611274 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene is a human carcinogen whose exposure to concentrations below 1 ppm (3.19 mg·m-3) is associated with myelotoxic effects. The determination of biomarkers such as trans-trans muconic acid (AttM) and S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA) show exposure without reflecting the toxic effects of benzene. For this reason, in this study, the urinary metabolome of individuals exposed to low concentrations of benzene was investigated, with the aim of understanding the biological response to exposure to this xenobiotic and identifying metabolites correlated with the toxic effects induced by it. Ultra-efficient liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-ESI-Q-ToF-MS) was used to identify metabolites in the urine of environmentally (n = 28) and occupationally exposed (n = 32) to benzene (mean of 22.1 μg·m-3 and 31.8 μg·m-3, respectively). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis by PLS-DA revealed nine urinary metabolites discriminating between groups and statistically correlated with oxidative damage (MDA, thiol) and genetic material (chromosomal aberrations) induced by the hydrocarbon. The analysis of metabolic pathways revealed important alterations in lipid metabolism. These results point to the involvement of alterations in lipid metabolism in the mechanisms of cytotoxic and genotoxic action of benzene. Furthermore, this study proves the potential of metabolomics to provide relevant information to understand the biological response to exposure to xenobiotics and identify early effect biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele P. R. Mendes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria José N. Paiva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabele C. Costa-Amaral
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro V. B. Carvalho
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor O. Figueiredo
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eline S. Gonçalves
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ariane L. Larentis
- Center for the Study of Occupational Health and Human Ecology (CESTEH), Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leiliane C. André
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-31-9238-3636
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23
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Luo W, Guo S, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Zhao J, Wang M, Sang L, Wang B, Chang B. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Novel understandings and therapeutic strategies based on bile acids (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:117. [PMID: 35929515 PMCID: PMC9450808 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are the major components of bile and products of cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol is catalyzed by a variety of enzymes in the liver to form primary BAs, which are excreted into the intestine with bile, and secondary BAs are formed under the modification of the gut microbiota. Most of the BAs return to the liver via the portal vein, completing the process of enterohepatic circulation. BAs have an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which may participate in the progression of HCC by recognizing receptors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and mediating multiple downstream pathways. Certain BAs, such as ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid, were indicated to be able to delay liver injury and HCC progression. In the present review, the structure and function of BAs were introduced and the metabolism of BAs and the process of enterohepatic circulation were outlined. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which BAs participate in the development of HCC were summarized and possible strategies for targeting BAs and key sites of their metabolic processes to treat HCC were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- 104K class 87, The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- 104K class 87, The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lixuan Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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24
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Fat Malabsorption and Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment in Children With Reduced Organic Solute Transporter-α (SLC51A) Expression. JPGN REPORTS 2022; 3. [PMID: 36148443 PMCID: PMC9491403 DOI: 10.1097/pg9.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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MahmoudianDehkordi S, Bhattacharyya S, Brydges CR, Jia W, Fiehn O, Rush AJ, Dunlop BW, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Gut Microbiome-Linked Metabolites in the Pathobiology of Major Depression With or Without Anxiety—A Role for Bile Acids. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:937906. [PMID: 35937867 PMCID: PMC9350527 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.937906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome may play a role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases including major depressive disorder (MDD). Bile acids (BAs) are steroid acids that are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and further processed by gut-bacterial enzymes, thus requiring both human and gut microbiome enzymatic processes in their metabolism. BAs participate in a range of important host functions such as lipid transport and metabolism, cellular signaling and regulation of energy homeostasis. BAs have recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's and several other neuropsychiatric diseases, but the biochemical underpinnings of these gut microbiome-linked metabolites in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety remains largely unknown. Method Using targeted metabolomics, we profiled primary and secondary BAs in the baseline serum samples of 208 untreated outpatients with MDD. We assessed the relationship of BA concentrations and the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms as defined by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD17) and the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HRSA-Total), respectively. We also evaluated whether the baseline metabolic profile of BA informs about treatment outcomes. Results The concentration of the primary BA chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was significantly lower at baseline in both severely depressed (log2 fold difference (LFD) = −0.48; p = 0.021) and highly anxious (LFD = −0.43; p = 0.021) participants compared to participants with less severe symptoms. The gut bacteria-derived secondary BAs produced from CDCA such as lithocholic acid (LCA) and several of its metabolites, and their ratios to primary BAs, were significantly higher in the more anxious participants (LFD's range = [0.23, 1.36]; p's range = [6.85E-6, 1.86E-2]). The interaction analysis of HRSD17 and HRSA-Total suggested that the BA concentration differences were more strongly correlated to the symptoms of anxiety than depression. Significant differences in baseline CDCA (LFD = −0.87, p = 0.0009), isoLCA (LFD = −1.08, p = 0.016) and several BA ratios (LFD's range [0.46, 1.66], p's range [0.0003, 0.049]) differentiated treatment failures from remitters. Conclusion In patients with MDD, BA profiles representing changes in gut microbiome compositions are associated with higher levels of anxiety and increased probability of first-line treatment failure. If confirmed, these findings suggest the possibility of developing gut microbiome-directed therapies for MDD characterized by gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak MahmoudianDehkordi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
| | - Christopher R. Brydges
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Wei Jia
- HKBU Phenome Research Centre, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - A. John Rush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Health Sciences Center, Texas Tech University, Odessa, Ukraine
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boadie W. Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Boadie W. Dunlop
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
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26
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Caliceti C, Punzo A, Silla A, Simoni P, Roda G, Hrelia S. New Insights into Bile Acids Related Signaling Pathways in the Onset of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142964. [PMID: 35889921 PMCID: PMC9317521 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second among the causes of tumor death worldwide, with an estimation of 1.9 million new cases in 2020 and more than 900,000 deaths. This rate might increase by 60% over the next 10 years. These data are unacceptable considering that CRC could be successfully treated if diagnosed in the early stages. A high-fat diet promotes the hepatic synthesis of bile acids (BAs) increasing their delivery to the colonic lumen and numerous scientific reports correlate BAs, especially secondary BAs, with CRC incidence. We reviewed the physicochemical and biological characteristics of BAs, focusing on the major pathways involved in CRC risk and progression. We specifically pointed out the role of BAs as signaling molecules and the tangled relationships among their nuclear and membrane receptors with the big bang of molecular and cellular events that trigger CRC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Punzo
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Alessia Silla
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Patrizia Simoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giulia Roda
- Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (S.H.)
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27
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Di Vincenzo F, Puca P, Lopetuso LR, Petito V, Masi L, Bartocci B, Murgiano M, De Felice M, Petronio L, Gasbarrini A, Scaldaferri F. Bile Acid-Related Regulation of Mucosal Inflammation and Intestinal Motility: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Application in IBD and Microscopic Colitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132664. [PMID: 35807844 PMCID: PMC9268369 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and microscopic colitis are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorders that affect the gastroenterological tract and arise from a complex interaction between the host’s genetic risk factors, environmental factors, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The precise mechanistic pathways interlinking the intestinal mucosa homeostasis, the immunological tolerance, and the gut microbiota are still crucial topics for research. We decided to deeply analyze the role of bile acids in these complex interactions and their metabolism in the modulation of gut microbiota, and thus intestinal mucosa inflammation. Recent metabolomics studies revealed a significant defect in bile acid metabolism in IBD patients, with an increase in primary bile acids and a reduction in secondary bile acids. In this review, we explore the evidence linking bile acid metabolites with the immunological pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis, including apoptosis and inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we summarize the principal etiopathogenetic mechanisms of different types of bile acid-induced diarrhea (BAD) and its main novel diagnostic approaches. Finally, we discuss the role of bile acid in current and possible future state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for both IBD and BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Vincenzo
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierluigi Puca
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Valentina Petito
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Letizia Masi
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Bianca Bartocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Marco Murgiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Margherita De Felice
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Petronio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
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Wang G, Guan J, Yang Q, Wu F, Shao J, Zhou Q, Guo Z, Ren Y, Zhu H, Chen Z. Development of a Bile Acid-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9076175. [PMID: 35592684 PMCID: PMC9113879 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9076175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common diseases that threaten millions of lives annually. Evidence supports that bile acid (BA) affects HCC through inflammation, DNA damage, or other mechanisms. Methods A total of 127 BA-associated genes were analyzed in HCC tumor and nontumor samples using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Genes correlated to the prognosis of patients with HCC were identified using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Furthermore, a prediction model with identified genes was constructed to evaluate the risk of patients with HCC for prognosis. Results Out of 26 genes with differential expressions between the HCC and nontumor samples, 19 and 7 genes showed upregulated and downregulated expressions, respectively. Three genes, NPC1, ABCC1, and SLC51B, were extrapolated to construct a prediction model for the prognosis of patients with HCC. Conclusion The three-gene prediction model was more reliable than the pathological staging characters of the tumor for the prognosis and survival of patients with HCC. In addition, the upregulated genes facilitating the transport of BAs are associated with poor prognosis of patients with HCC, and genes of de novo synthesis of BAs benefit patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Guan
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengtian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Shao
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Ren
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao Z, Wang J, Ren W, Bian Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Guo L, Lei J, Jia J, Miao J. Effect of Jiangan-Jiangzhi Pill on Gut Microbiota and Chronic Inflammatory Response in Rats with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100987. [PMID: 35324083 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease with high rates of occurrence. Research has found that NAFLD patients experience varying degrees of intestinal flora imbalance. There is evidence that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) positively regulates imbalances in the gut microbiota caused by liver diseases. Jiangan-Jiangzhi pill (JGJZ) is a common Chinese remedy that can treat NAFLD clinically. This article investigates how JGJZ affects NAFLD and assesses related changes in the intestinal flora. We established a NAFLD rat model by feeding them a high-fat diet (HFD) and gave different interventions. After twelve weeks, the results revealed that JGJZ decreased the total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in the serum of NAFLD rats. Histopathological staining demonstrated that JGJZ relieved cellular fat accumulation in the liver. Inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) were down-regulated. Analysis of 16S rRNA demonstrated that JGJZ changed the community compositional structure of gut microbiota, characterized by a decrease in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, and increased gut microbiota diversity and the abundance of dominant groups. Accordingly, our study illustrated that JGJZ exerted a better effect in treating HFD-induced NAFLD, which may be closely related to ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyanghu Road, Town West Area, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyanghu Road, Town West Area, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10, Poyanghu Road, Town West Area, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No. 7, Sudi Nan Road, Naikai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Liying Guo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jinyan Lei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jianwei Jia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, No.7, Sudi Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
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Zanon D, Burlo F, Scaramuzza G, Maximova N, Matarazzo L, Maggiore G, Barbi E. Safety and effectiveness of compounded galenic cholic acid for bile acid synthesis disorder: a case report. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:1047-1052. [PMID: 35392794 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220407114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acid synthesis disorders are rare congenital diseases which, if untreated, can lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. Cholic acid administration is the only treatment which can prevent patients from fatal outcomes. Since 2013 in Europe there is just one formulation of cholic acid: Orphacol®. It is difficult to administer to infant patients because of its formulation (capsules) and the need for dose titration in relation to the patient's weight. CASE PRESENTATION Two sisters affected by 3-β-hydroxy-Δ-5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase deficiency showed soon after birth failure to thrive, cholestasis and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. Cholestasis and an initial liver damage were confirmed by both biochemical findings and liver biopsies. Patients were treated for eight years with a liquid formulation of cholic acid galenic compound and then they started to be treated with capsules of the registered drug. Clinical conditions and biochemical findings were checked periodically during both therapies. CONCLUSION Clinical and laboratory data showed no differences between the cholic acid galenic compound and the registered drug in terms of both efficacy and safety. Furthermore, the galenic compound showed benefits of more manageable dose titration, easier intake due to its liquid formulation, and lower costs than commercial cholic acid capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zanon
- Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Burlo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gaia Scaramuzza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Natalia Maximova
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenza Matarazzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Transplantation Unit, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Barbi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Ma J, Huo H, Zhang H, Wang L, Meng Y, Jin F, Wang X, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Tu P, Song Y, Zheng J, Li J. 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract of the resinous heartwood of Chinese agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis) protects against taurocholic acid-induced gastric epithelial cells apoptosis through Perk/eIF2α/CHOP pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153935. [PMID: 35104763 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury of gastric epithelial cells is one of the most important pathological features of bile reflux gastritis. Chinese agarwood (the resinous heartwood of Aquilaria sinensis) has been used to treat stomach problems for thousands of years in China. However, the pathological mechanism of epithelial cells death induced by bile acids and the therapeutic target of Chinese agarwood for improving bile reflux gastritis have not yet been fully clarified. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the pro-apoptotic effect of taurocholic acid (TCA) by regulating the ER stress pathway. Moreover, the role of Chinese agarwood 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone-enriched extract (CPE) to inhibit gastric epithelial cell death induced by TCA was also been demonstrated. METHODS We adopted human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells to explore the mechanism of TCA-induced cell death in vitro. Then the cell viability, apoptosis rate, and protein expressions were evaluated to explore the protective effects of CPE on GES-1 cells by TCA injury. The therapeutic effect of CPE on bile reflux gastritis was further confirmed by the bile reflux mice in vivo. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that TCA activated GES-1 cell apoptosis by increased cleavage of caspase-7 and PARP. Further experiments showed that TCA up-regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, subsequently triggered the apoptosis of the epithelial cells. Our research explored that CPE is the main effective fraction in Chinese agarwood by preventing the TCA-induced gastric epithelial cell injury. CPE effectively suppressed GES-1 cell apoptosis activated by TCA through inhibiting Perk/eIF2α/CHOP pathway. The anti-apoptotic effect of CPE on gastric mucosa had also been confirmed in vivo. Moreover, the main effective components in CPE corresponding to the protection of epithelial cells were also been identified. CONCLUSION Our finding suggested that CPE recovered the TCA-induced epithelial cell apoptosis by mediating the activation of ER stress, which explored potential medicine to treat bile reflux gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huixia Huo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yingxin Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fengyu Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yimu Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuelin Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jiao Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Rapidly progressive dementia and intractable diarrhea: a teaching case report and a systematic review of cognitive impairment in Whipple’s disease. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:907-926. [PMID: 34981284 PMCID: PMC8722651 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions Supplementary Information
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Silveira AT, Barbosa AMDC, de Faria HD, Marciano LPDA, Figueiredo EC, Martins I. Online restricted access molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the selective determination of serum bile acids. Analyst 2022; 147:2779-2792. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a RAM imprinted polymer covered with bovine serum albumin applied to determine bile acids from individuals exposed to organic solvents using an online-LC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Thalison Silveira
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Alyne Maria da Costa Barbosa
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique Dipe de Faria
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo de Aguiar Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Costa Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas – Unifal-MG, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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Deng Z, Meng C, Huang H, Song S, Fu L, Fu Z. The different effects of psyllium husk and orlistat on weight control, the amelioration of hypercholesterolemia and non-alcohol fatty liver disease in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:8829-8849. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a widespread medical problem, for which many drugs have been developed, each with its own limitations. Orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, functions as a fat absorption blocker and is...
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Fan S, Zhang K, Zhang J, Zhang L, Liu L, Lv A, Ma Y, Fang X, Zheng F, Wu Z, Zhang J. Analysis of the effect of phototherapy on intestinal probiotics and metabolism in newborns with jaundice. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:878473. [PMID: 36275061 PMCID: PMC9583402 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.878473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, oral probiotics are often given to children with hyperbilirubinaemia who receive phototherapy, but the exact mechanism of the action of the probiotics on hyperbilirubinaemia remains unclear. It is unclear how the effects of phototherapy on the probiotic flora in the neonatal gut, in particular. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty newborns who needed phototherapy from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected as the study subjects, and five healthy newborns in the same period were used as controls to analyse the changes in probiotic bacteria in their faeces. RESULTS 1. In the intestinal tracts of newborns, Bifidobacterium is the main probiotic strain, with a small amount of Lactobacillus. There were probiotic species changes in the neonatal intestinal microbiota after phototherapy for 24 and 48 h. The amount of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus decreased significantly (P < 0.05). 2. A correlation analysis of probiotic species and bile acid metabolism indexes showed that Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with many metabolites (P < 0.05), such as chenodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, allocholic acid, and β-cholic acid. It was also negatively correlated with many metabolites (P < 0.05), such as glycocholic acid, sodium, sodium tudca, and chenodeoxycholic acid. Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with metabolites (P < 0.05) such as α-sodium cholate and β-cholic acid. 3. A correlation analysis between the changes in probiotics and intestinal short-chain fatty acid metabolites after phototherapy showed that acetic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, and propionic acid decreased and were significantly correlated with Bifidobacterium (P < 0.05). 4. After phototherapy, 17 metabolites changed significantly (P < 0.05). This correlated with many probiotics (P < 0.05). The significantly changed probiotics in this study showed a significant correlation with some intestinal metabolites (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was found that phototherapy can significantly affect the intestinal probiotic flora and the metabolic indicators of newborns, which may be an important reason for the side effects of phototherapy, and also provides the theoretical basis for the provision of probiotics to newborns with jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Fan
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Anping Lv
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Fang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Coker C, Uysal S. Validation of an In-House-Developed GC-MS Method for 5α-Cholestanol According to ISO 15189:2012 Requirements. Lab Med 2021; 53:278-284. [PMID: 34894144 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the measurement of 5α-cholestanol in the clinical laboratory in agreement with ISO 15189:2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GC-MS performance was evaluated and proficiency testing data were used to estimate the measurement uncertainty of the method considering the recommendations of international guidelines. RESULTS The calibration curves were linear from 6 to 50 μmol/L, with r2 >.99. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined to be 0.36 and 2.58 μmol/L, respectively. The bias ranged from -18.9% to 15.2% for 6.5, 18.3, and 66 μmol/L. The intra- and interassay reproducibility was <20% at the various concentrations studied. The expanded uncertainty was determined to be 50.9%. CONCLUSION The GC-MS method for the measurement of 5α-cholestanol has proved to have acceptable analytical performance for use in the clinical laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Coker
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sezer Uysal
- Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
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Ren S, Zhou Y, Xuan R. Research progress in the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:1361-1366. [PMID: 34845962 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.2011211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease that occurs during pregnancy. While ICP has a minimal impact on the mother, it primarily affects the pregnancy outcome of fetus, resulting in spontaneous miscarriage and even the intrauterine death of fetus. AREAS COVERED This review covers current progress in the role of gut microbiota and bile acids in ICP. EXPERT OPINION The causes and pathogenesis of ICP are currently unclear, and the serum bile acid level is the main clinical evidence for ICP diagnosis. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a tremendous number and type of microbes, which play critical roles in the synthesis and metabolism of bile acids. Studies in recent years have shown that the changes in gut microbiota and bile acid metabolic profiles are closely associated with ICP. This review discusses some of the future prospects in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Xu J, Yuan Y, Chen YY, Xiong CF, Zhang Z, Feng YQ. Carboxylic submetabolome-driven signature characterization of COVID-19 asymptomatic infection. Talanta 2021; 239:123086. [PMID: 34871866 PMCID: PMC8632795 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic infection of COVID-19 is a global threat for public health. Unfortunately, the study about metabolic dysregulation of asymptomatic infection is barely investigated. Here, we performed carboxylic submetabolome profiling of serum from 62 asymptomatic and 122 control individuals, by a highly sensitive chemical isotope labelling method. Twenty-one discriminative carboxylic features, including 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, cholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid and 15,16-dihydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid were discovered to be dysregulated in asymptomatic patients. This panel containing 21 carboxylic features could accurately identify asymptomatic patients based on a random forest model, providing an accuracy of 85.7% with only 3.6% false positive rate and 7.1% false negative rate. The dysregulated metabolites found in asymptomatic patients covered several important pathways, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, synthesis of bile acid, β-oxidation of fatty acids, activation of macrophage and platelet aggregation. This work provided valuable knowledge about serum biomarkers and molecular clues associated with asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yu Yuan
- Hubei Key Lab of Environment and Health Incubating, Department of Occupation and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Yao-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Cai-Feng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
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Zhao J, Setchell KDR, Gong Y, Sun Y, Zhang P, Heubi JE, Fang L, Lu Y, Xie X, Gong J, Wang JS. Genetic spectrum and clinical characteristics of 3β-hydroxy-Δ 5-C 27-steroid oxidoreductase (HSD3B7) deficiency in China. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:417. [PMID: 34627351 PMCID: PMC8501698 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biallelic variants in HSD3B7 cause 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase (HSD3B7) deficiency, a life-threatening but treatable liver disease. The goal of this study was to obtain detailed information on the correlation between the genotype and phenotype of HSD3B7 deficiency and to report on responses to primary bile acid therapy. METHODS The medical records of a cohort of 39 unrelated patients with genetically and biochemically confirmed HSD3B7 deficiency were examined to determine whether there exist genotype-phenotype relationships in this bile acid synthesis disorder. RESULTS In all, 34 of the 44 variants identified in HSD3B7 were novel. A total of 32 patients presented early with neonatal cholestasis, and 7 presented after 1-year of age with liver failure (n = 1), liver cirrhosis (n = 3), cholestasis (n = 1), renal cysts and abnormal liver biochemistries (n = 1), and coagulopathy from vitamin K1 deficiency and abnormal liver biochemistries (n = 1). Renal lesions, including renal cysts, renal stones, calcium deposition and renal enlargement were observed in 10 of 35 patients. Thirty-three patients were treated with oral chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) resulting in normalization of liver biochemistries in 24, while 2 showed a significant clinical improvement, and 7 underwent liver transplantation or died. Remarkably, renal lesions in 6 patients resolved after CDCA treatment, or liver transplantation. There were no significant correlations between genotype and clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In what is the largest cohort of patients with HSD3B7 deficiency thus far studied, renal lesions were a notable clinical feature of HSD3B7 deficiency and these were resolved with suppression of atypical bile acids by oral CDCA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Sun
- Department of Ultrasonography, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - James E Heubi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lingjuan Fang
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yi Lu
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xinbao Xie
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jingyu Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-She Wang
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China.
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Zheng Q, Shen L, Zhao D, Zhang H, Liang Y, Zhu Y, Khan NU, Liu X, Zhang J, Lin J, Tang X. Metabolic characteristics of plasma bile acids in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy-mass spectrometric study. Metabolomics 2021; 17:93. [PMID: 34595616 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is one of the more common complications in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, which requires early detection and intervention. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to investigate the changes in the metabolic profile of bile acids (BAs) in plasma of pregnant women with ICP and to look biomarkers for the diagnosis and grading of ICP, and to explore the disease mechanism. METHODS The targeted metabolomics based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze plasma BAs. RESULTS Twenty-seven BAs can be quantified in all participants. Among them, 22 BAs were identified as differential BAs between ICP and control groups. Five BAs include 3β-CA, 3β-DCA, CDCA-3Gln, NCA, and Tβ-MCA, were found to be associated with ICP for the first time. Nine BAs include NCA, GCA, GCDCA, GHCA, GUDCA, HCA, TCA, TCDCA and THCA, can be used as possible ICP diagnostic biomarkers. Four BAs, i.e., GLCA, THCA, GHCA and TLCA-3S may be used as potential biomarkers for ICP grading. CONCLUSION There were significant differences in plasma BA profiles between ICP patients and the control. The BA profiles of mild ICP group and severe ICP group partially overlapped. Potential diagnostic and grading BA markers were identified. A significant characteristic of ICP group was the increase of conjugated BAs. A mechanism to sustain the equilibrium of BA metabolism and adaptive response has been developed in ICP patients to accelerate excretion and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
- Brain Disease and Big Data Research Institute, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, People's Republic of China
| | - Naseer Ullah Khan
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xukun Liu
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
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Wang SH, Hui TC, Zhou ZW, Xu CA, Wu WH, Wu QQ, Zheng W, Yin QQ, Pan HY. Diagnosis and treatment of an inborn error of bile acid synthesis type 4: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7923-7929. [PMID: 34621847 PMCID: PMC8462232 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i26.7923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inborn error of bile acid synthesis type 4 is a peroxisomal disease with impaired bile acid synthesis caused by a-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) gene mutation. The disease is usually found in children with mild to severe liver disease, cholestasis and poor fat-soluble vitamin absorption. At present, there is no report of inborn errors of bile acid synthesis type 4 in adults with liver disease and poor fat-soluble vitamin absorption.
CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old man was hospitalized in our department for recurrent liver dysfunction. The clinical manifestations were chronic liver disease and yellow skin and sclera. Serum transaminase, bilirubin and bile acid were abnormally increased; and fat-soluble vitamins decreased. Liver cirrhosis and ascites were diagnosed by computed tomography. The patient had poor coagulation function and ascites and did not undergo liver puncture. Genetic testing showed AMACR gene missense mutation. The patient was diagnosed with inborn error of bile acid synthesis type 4. He was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, liver protection and vitamin supplementation, and jaundice of the skin and sclera was reduced. The indicators of liver function and the quality of life were significantly improved.
CONCLUSION When adults have recurrent liver function abnormalities, physicians should be alert to genetic diseases and provide timely treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Hao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tian-Chen Hui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe-Wen Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cheng-An Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Hao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Ying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
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Li H, Yu XH, Ou X, Ouyang XP, Tang CK. Hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101109. [PMID: 34097928 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a quickly emerging global health problem representing the most common chronic liver disease in the world. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease represents the leading cause of mortality in NAFLD patients. Cholesterol metabolism has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both NAFLD and atherosclerosis. The liver is the major organ for cholesterol metabolism. Abnormal hepatic cholesterol metabolism not only leads to NAFLD but also drives the development of atherosclerotic dyslipidemia. The cholesterol level in hepatocytes reflects the dynamic balance between endogenous synthesis, uptake, esterification, and export, a process in which cholesterol is converted to neutral cholesteryl esters either for storage in cytosolic lipid droplets or for secretion as a major constituent of plasma lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins, chylomicrons, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins. In this review, we describe decades of research aimed at identifying key molecules and cellular players involved in each main aspect of hepatic cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, we summarize the recent advances regarding the biological processes of hepatic cholesterol transport and its role in NAFLD and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 460106, China
| | - Xiang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Conde de la Rosa L, Garcia-Ruiz C, Vallejo C, Baulies A, Nuñez S, Monte MJ, Marin JJG, Baila-Rueda L, Cenarro A, Civeira F, Fuster J, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Ferrer J, Karin M, Ribas V, Fernandez-Checa JC. STARD1 promotes NASH-driven HCC by sustaining the generation of bile acids through the alternative mitochondrial pathway. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1429-1441. [PMID: 33515644 PMCID: PMC8573791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Besides their physiological role in bile formation and fat digestion, bile acids (BAs) synthesised from cholesterol in hepatocytes act as signalling molecules that modulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Trafficking of cholesterol to mitochondria through steroidogenic acute regulatory protein 1 (STARD1) is the rate-limiting step in the alternative pathway of BA generation, the physiological relevance of which is not well understood. Moreover, the specific contribution of the STARD1-dependent BA synthesis pathway to HCC has not been previously explored. METHODS STARD1 expression was analyzed in a cohort of human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-derived HCC specimens. Experimental NASH-driven HCC models included MUP-uPA mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) treatment in wild-type (WT) mice fed a HFHC diet. Molecular species of BAs and oxysterols were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Effects of NASH-derived BA profiles were investigated in tumour-initiated stem-like cells (TICs) and primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs). RESULTS Patients with NASH-associated HCC exhibited increased hepatic expression of STARD1 and an enhanced BA pool. Using NASH-driven HCC models, STARD1 overexpression in WT mice increased liver tumour multiplicity, whereas hepatocyte-specific STARD1 deletion (Stard1ΔHep) in WT or MUP-uPA mice reduced tumour burden. These findings mirrored the levels of unconjugated primary BAs, β-muricholic acid and cholic acid, and their tauroconjugates in STARD1-overexpressing and Stard1ΔHep mice. Incubation of TICs or PMHs with a mix of BAs mimicking this profile stimulated expression of genes involved in pluripotency, stemness and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals a previously unrecognised role of STARD1 in HCC pathogenesis, wherein it promotes the synthesis of primary BAs through the mitochondrial pathway, the products of which act in TICs to stimulate self-renewal, stemness and inflammation. LAY SUMMARY Effective therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited because of our incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. The contribution of the alternative pathway of bile acid (BA) synthesis to HCC development is unknown. We uncover a key role for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein 1 (STARD1) in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-driven HCC, wherein it stimulates the generation of BAs in the mitochondrial acidic pathway, the products of which stimulate hepatocyte pluripotency and self-renewal, as well as inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Conde de la Rosa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Ruiz
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Carmen Vallejo
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Baulies
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Nuñez
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Monte
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucia Baila-Rueda
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cenarro
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Fuster
- HepatoBilioPancreatic Surgery and Liver and Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Garcia-Valdecasas
- HepatoBilioPancreatic Surgery and Liver and Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Ferrer
- HepatoBilioPancreatic Surgery and Liver and Pancreatic Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, ICMDiM, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vicent Ribas
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose C Fernandez-Checa
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic I Provincial de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Center for ALPD, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Zhang Q, Chang X, Wang X, Zhan H, Gao Q, Yang M, Liu H, Li S, Sun Y. A metabolomic-based study on disturbance of bile acids metabolism induced by intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:579-591. [PMID: 34141172 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (Nano NiO) evoke hepatotoxicity, while whether it affects the hepatic metabolism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the differential metabolites and their metabolic pathways in rat serum and to further verify the potential mechanism of bile acids' (BAs) metabolism dysregulation after Nano NiO exposure. Sixteen male Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with Nano NiO (0.24 mg/kg body weight) twice a week for 9 weeks. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was applied to filter the differentially expressed metabolites in rat serum. Western blot was employed to detect the protein contents. Twenty-one differential metabolites that associated with BAs, lipid and phospholipid metabolism pathways were identified in rat serum after Nano NiO exposure. Decreased cholic acid and deoxycholic acid implied that the BAs metabolism was disturbed. The nickel content increased in liver after Nano NiO exposure. The protein expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) was down-regulated, and the bile salt export pump was up-regulated after Nano NiO administration in rat liver. Moreover, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphotransferase (SULT2A1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 were elevated in the exposure group. In conclusion, Nano NiO might trigger the disturbances of BAs, lipid and phospholipid metabolism pathways in rats. The diminished serum BAs induced by Nano NiO might be related to the down-regulation of synthetase and to the overexpression of transmembrane protein and detoxification enzymes in BAs metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haibing Zhan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sheng Li
- The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yingbiao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Xiong JJ, Hu HW, Xu CZ, Yin JW, Liu M, Zhang LZ, Duan Y, Huang YK. Developmental Patterns of Fecal Bile Acids in Healthy Neonates and Children. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928214. [PMID: 33767128 PMCID: PMC8008968 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Normal profiles of FBAs in healthy neonates and children in Kunming city and surrounding areas in China have not been previously determined. The objective of this study was to determine a developmental pattern of fecal bile acids (FBAs) in healthy neonates and children. Material/Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 238 healthy neonates and children recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China from October 2015 to September 2016. Secreted primary and secondary FBAs in fresh feces were quantitated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Amounts of FBAs in feces were compared among various age groups. Results Trace amounts of cholic acid and chenodiol acid of primary FBAs were detectable at day 3 after birth, with a significant increase from day 3 to day 7. The primary FBAs gradually decreased from day 25 to the age of 6 years old. In contrast, a significant amount of glycochenodeoxycholic acid was detected on day 3 but decreased to a trace amount by day 7 and onwards. Primary FBAs appeared to maintain a high level, accounting for 98% of total FBAs, with no significant changes from day 7 to day 25 after birth. They gradually decreased from 90% to 10% from age 6 months to 6 years old. While the secondary FBAs were barely detected in neonates, only accounting for 2% of total FBAs, they were gradually elevated to 90% of total FBAs from age 6 months to 6 years old. Conclusions The liver can effectively synthesize primary bile acids 7 days after birth, and fecal primary bile acids tend to be stable after the neonate stage. Secondary bile acids continuously increase along with the maturation of intestinal flora, which reaches a relatively stable level at around 3 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Wei Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chuan-Zhi Xu
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Wen Yin
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yong-Kun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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Yutuc E, Dickson AL, Pacciarini M, Griffiths L, Baker PRS, Connell L, Öhman A, Forsgren L, Trupp M, Vilarinho S, Khalil Y, Clayton PT, Sari S, Dalgic B, Höflinger P, Schöls L, Griffiths WJ, Wang Y. Deep mining of oxysterols and cholestenoic acids in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid: Quantification using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1154:338259. [PMID: 33736801 PMCID: PMC7988461 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are rich in cholesterol and its metabolites. Here we describe in detail a methodology for the identification and quantification of multiple sterols including oxysterols and sterol-acids found in these fluids. The method is translatable to any laboratory with access to liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. The method exploits isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for absolute quantification of target metabolites. The method is applicable for semi-quantification of other sterols for which isotope labelled surrogates are not available and approximate quantification of partially identified sterols. Values are reported for non-esterified sterols in the absence of saponification and total sterols following saponification. In this way absolute quantification data is reported for 17 sterols in the NIST SRM 1950 plasma along with semi-quantitative data for 8 additional sterols and approximate quantification for one further sterol. In a pooled (CSF) sample used for internal quality control, absolute quantification was performed on 10 sterols, semi-quantification on 9 sterols and approximate quantification on a further three partially identified sterols. The value of the method is illustrated by confirming the sterol phenotype of a patient suffering from ACOX2 deficiency, a rare disorder of bile acid biosynthesis, and in a plasma sample from a patient suffering from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, where cholesterol 27-hydroxylase is deficient. Absolute quantification of oxysterols and cholestenoic acids. Methodology applicable to plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Data generated for non-esterified and total sterols. Diastereoisomers at C-24 and C-25 separated and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylan Yutuc
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Alison L Dickson
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Manuela Pacciarini
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Lauren Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | | | | | - Anders Öhman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Miles Trupp
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sílvia Vilarinho
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, and of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Youssef Khalil
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sinan Sari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Buket Dalgic
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Philip Höflinger
- Department of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - William J Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Swansea University Medical School, ILS1 Building, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
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47
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Chen M, Liu C, Shen Y, Zou J, Zhang Z, Wan Y, Yang L, Jiang S, Qian D, Duan J. A Powerful HPLC-ELSD Method for Simultaneous Determination of Fecal Bile Acids in T2DM Rats Interfered by Sanhuang Xiexin Tang. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:871-876. [PMID: 33524991 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) as important endogenous ligands can activate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5) signaling to regulate glycolipid metabolism. In this study, a simple, reliable and sensitive analysis method for simultaneous determination of four BAs from rat feces based on high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was developed. Chromatographic analysis was performed with the mobile phases of acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid. All the standard curves exhibited good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99). The relative standard deviations of precision, stability and repeatability varied from 1.27 to 3.96%, 2.20 to 3.89% and 3.00 to 4.31%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to investigate the variation of four BAs in feces from T2DM rats after oral administration of Sanhuang Xiexin Tang (SXT). Data showed that SXT could remarkably increase the contents of conjunct BAs and decrease the contents of free BAs, which might contribute to ameliorate the symptoms of T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yumeng Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhimiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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48
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Yu L, Lu H, Yang X, Li R, Shi J, Yu Y, Ma C, Sun F, Zhang S, Zhang F. Diosgenin alleviates hypercholesterolemia via SRB1/CES-1/CYP7A1/FXR pathway in high-fat diet-fed rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 412:115388. [PMID: 33383043 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterol diosgenin (DG) exhibits cholesterol-lowering properties. Few studies focused on the underlying mechanism of DG attenuation of hypercholesterolemia by promoting cholesterol metabolism. To investigate the roles of SRB1/CES-1/CYP7A1/FXR pathways in accelerating cholesterol elimination and alleviating hypercholesterolemia, a rat model of hypercholesterolemia was induced by providing a high-fat diet (HFD). Experimental rat models were randomly divided into a normal control (Con) group, HFD group, low-dose DG (LDG) group (150 mg/kg/d), high-dose DG (HDG) group (300 mg/kg) and Simvastatin (Sim) group (4 mg/kg/d). Body weights, serum and hepatic lipid parameters of rats were tested. The expression levels of scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1), carboxylesterase-1 (CES-1), cholesterol7α- hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were determined. The results showed that DG reduced weight and lowered lipid levels in HFD-fed rats. Pathological morphology analyses revealed that DG notably improved hepatic steatosis and intestinal structure. Further studies showed the increased hepatic SRB1, CES-1, CYP7A1 and inhibited FXR-mediated signaling in DG-fed rats, which contributing to the decrease of hepatic cholesterol. DG also increased intestinal SRB1 and CES-1, inhibiting cholesterol absorption and promoting RCT. The expression levels of these receptors in the HDG group were higher than LDG and Sim groups. These data suggested that DG accelerated reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and enhanced cholesterol elimination via SRB1/CES-1/CYP7A1/FXR pathway, and DG might be a new candidate for the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Haifei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Ruoqi Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yantong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Fengcui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Shizhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China.
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49
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Mocking RJT, Naviaux JC, Li K, Wang L, Monk JM, Bright AT, Figueroa CA, Schene AH, Ruhé HG, Assies J, Naviaux RK. Metabolic features of recurrent major depressive disorder in remission, and the risk of future recurrence. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:37. [PMID: 33431800 PMCID: PMC7801396 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent major depressive disorder (rMDD) is a relapsing-remitting disease with high morbidity and a 5-year risk of recurrence of up to 80%. This was a prospective pilot study to examine the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of targeted plasma metabolomics in the care of patients with rMDD in remission. We used an established LC-MS/MS platform to measure 399 metabolites in 68 subjects with rMDD (n = 45 females and 23 males) in antidepressant-free remission and 59 age- and sex-matched controls (n = 40 females and 19 males). Patients were then followed prospectively for 2.5 years. Metabolomics explained up to 43% of the phenotypic variance. The strongest biomarkers were gender specific. 80% of the metabolic predictors of recurrence in both males and females belonged to 6 pathways: (1) phospholipids, (2) sphingomyelins, (3) glycosphingolipids, (4) eicosanoids, (5) microbiome, and (6) purines. These changes traced to altered mitochondrial regulation of cellular redox, signaling, energy, and lipid metabolism. Metabolomics identified a chemical endophenotype that could be used to stratify rrMDD patients at greatest risk for recurrence with an accuracy over 0.90 (95%CI = 0.69-1.0). Power calculations suggest that a validation study of at least 198 females and 198 males (99 cases and 99 controls each) will be needed to confirm these results. Although a small study, these results are the first to show the potential utility of metabolomics in assisting with the important clinical challenge of prospectively identifying the patients at greatest risk of recurrence of a depressive episode and those who are at lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel J T Mocking
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jane C Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Kefeng Li
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Jonathan M Monk
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - A Taylor Bright
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
- Colt Neck Labs, 838 E High St 202., Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Caroline A Figueroa
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aart H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henricus G Ruhé
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Assies
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Rm C107, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA.
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50
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Chornyi S, IJlst L, van Roermund CWT, Wanders RJA, Waterham HR. Peroxisomal Metabolite and Cofactor Transport in Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:613892. [PMID: 33505966 PMCID: PMC7829553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles involved in many metabolic pathways and essential for human health. They harbor a large number of enzymes involved in the different pathways, thus requiring transport of substrates, products and cofactors involved across the peroxisomal membrane. Although much progress has been made in understanding the permeability properties of peroxisomes, there are still important gaps in our knowledge about the peroxisomal transport of metabolites and cofactors. In this review, we discuss the different modes of transport of metabolites and essential cofactors, including CoA, NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, ATP, heme, pyridoxal phosphate, and thiamine pyrophosphate across the peroxisomal membrane. This transport can be mediated by non-selective pore-forming proteins, selective transport proteins, membrane contact sites between organelles, and co-import of cofactors with proteins. We also discuss modes of transport mediated by shuttle systems described for NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH. We mainly focus on current knowledge on human peroxisomal metabolite and cofactor transport, but also include knowledge from studies in plants, yeast, fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice, which has been exemplary in understanding peroxisomal transport mechanisms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Chornyi
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk IJlst
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlo W T van Roermund
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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