1
|
Jin F, Wang Y, Yu F, Liu X, Zhang M, Li Z, Yao Z, Cong Y, Wang J. Acute and Chronic Effects of Crude Oil Water-Accommodated Fractions on the Early Life Stages of Marine Medaka ( Oryzias melastigma, McClelland, 1839). TOXICS 2023; 11:236. [PMID: 36977001 PMCID: PMC10053065 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill is a major marine environmental pollution issue. Research regarding the long-term effects of oil spills on the early life stage of marine fish is still limited. In this study, the potential adverse impact of crude oil from one oil spill accident which occurred in the Bohai Sea on the early life stages of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma, McClelland, 1839) was evaluated. A 96-h acute test (larvae) and a 21-d chronic test (embryo-larvae) of water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) from crude oil were conducted, respectively. The results of the acute test showed that only the highest concentration of WAFs (100.00%) significantly affected the mortality of larvae (p < 0.01) and that the 96 h-LC50 was 68.92% (4.11 mg·L-1 expressed as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs)). Larval heart demonstrated histopathological alterations in all WAF-exposed groups. The chronic test results showed that, except for larval mortality, the total hatching success (%)/hatching time of embryos in WAF treatments was not significantly different from those of the control group (p > 0.05), and no malformation was found in surviving larvae after 21 d of exposure. Nevertheless, the exposed embryos and larvae in the highest concentration of WAFs (60.00%) demonstrated significantly reduced heart rate (p < 0.05) and increased mortality (p < 0.01), respectively. Overall, our results indicated that both acute and chronic WAF exposures had adverse impacts on the survival of marine medaka. In the early life stages, the heart of the marine medaka was the most sensitive organ which showed both structural alteration and cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Fuwei Yu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhaochuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ziwei Yao
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yi Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Juying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, No. 42 Linghe Street, Dalian 116023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Özkan-Kotiloğlu S, Arslan P, Akca G, Günal AÇ. Are BPA-free plastics safe for aquatic life? - Fluorene-9-bisphenol induced thyroid-disrupting effects and histopathological alterations in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 260:109419. [PMID: 35902060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BPFL) is used as an alternative compound for bisphenol A, an endocrine disruptor compound which is present in various materials including plastic bottles and packaging. Although it is used extensively in products that are labelled BPA-free, its effect on wildlife and humans have not been fully studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of BPFL in adult zebrafish. In the preliminary experiments of the study, the median lethal concentration value (LC50) of BPFL was 0.25 mg/L (95 % confidence interval 0.15-0.41) for 96 h. Following exposure to three different sublethal concentrations of BPFL after 96 h and 15 days, T4 hormone levels, expression levels of genes involved in thyroid metabolism and histopathological alterations were assessed. T4 hormone levels were found to be significantly higher in females at the lowest BPFL concentration following 96 h exposure (P < 0.05). Expression levels of trh, tshba and trhrb genes were upregulated following 96 h exposure at 0.025 mg/L concentration and crh was upregulated following 15 days exposure at 0.025 mg/L concentration in female zebrafish (P < 0.05). The most prominent histopathological findings in zebrafish exposed to 0.025 and 0.125 mg/L of BPFL were observed in the gill, liver, kidney and testis tissues. The gill tissues showed some hyperemia, lamellar fusion, hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, and telangiectasis, while passive hyperemia, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis were observed in the liver tissues. The BPFL is highly toxic to zebrafish even in sublethal concentrations according to the molecular and histopathological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selin Özkan-Kotiloğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Arslan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Akca
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Çağlan Günal
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Gazi Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burton GA, Cervi EC, Rosen G, Colvin M, Chadwick B, Hayman N, Allan SE, DiPinto LM, Adams R, McPherson M, Scharberg E. Tracking and Assessing Oil Spill Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms: A Novel Approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1452-1462. [PMID: 33512743 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An in situ exposure and effects bioassay system was developed for assessing the toxicity of oil spills to aquatic organisms. The assessment tool combines components of 2 previously developed systems, the sediment ecotoxicity assessment ring (SEA Ring) and the drifting particle simulator. The integrated drifting exposure and effects assessment ring (DEEAR) is comprised of a Global Positioning System (GPS) float, a drifter drogue, the SEA Ring, and the Cyclops-7 fluorescent sensor. Polyethylene passive sampling devices (PED) were mounted for an additional means to characterize water quality conditions and exposures. The DEEAR is optimized for evaluating oil exposure and toxicity in the shallow surface mixing layer of marine waters. A short-term preliminary test was conducted in San Diego, California, USA, to verify the operation of the GPS tracking, the iridium communications, and the integrated SEA Ring exposure system. Further, a proof-of-concept demonstration was conducted offshore in the Santa Barbara Channel, where natural oil seeps produce surface slicks and sheens. Two DEEAR units were deployed for 24 h-one within the oil slick and one in an area outside observable slicks. An aerial drone provided tracking of the surface oil and optimal sites for deployment. The DEEAR proof-of-concept demonstrated integrated real-time tracking and characterization of oil exposures by grab samples, PED, and fluorescent sensors. Oil exposures were directly linked to toxic responses in fish and mysids. This novel integrated system shows promise for use in a variety of aquatic sites to more accurately determine in situ oil exposure and toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1452-1462. © 2021 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Burton
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - E C Cervi
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - G Rosen
- Coastal Monitoring Associates, San Diego, California, USA
| | - M Colvin
- Coastal Monitoring Associates, San Diego, California, USA
| | - B Chadwick
- Coastal Monitoring Associates, San Diego, California, USA
| | - N Hayman
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, United States Navy, San Diego, California, USA
| | - S E Allan
- Office of Response and Restoration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L M DiPinto
- Office of Response and Restoration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Adams
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M McPherson
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E Scharberg
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Delunardo FAC, Paulino MG, Medeiros LCC, Fernandes MN, Scherer R, Chippari-Gomes AR. Morphological and histopathological changes in seahorse (Hippocampus reidi) gills after exposure to the water-accommodated fraction of diesel oil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 150:110769. [PMID: 31785847 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Industrial activities and urbanization are the main sources of pollutants in estuarine environments. Diesel, which is widely used in urban and port activities, is an important source of hydrocarbons in the aquatic environment, and its water-accommodated fraction (WAF) is toxic to the local biota. This study was performed to analyze the effects of diesel oil WAF on fish. Specifically, we characterized the gill morphology of the seahorse Hippocampus reidi and analyzed the histopathological changes in the gills after exposure to 50% diesel oil WAF. Acute (12, 24, 48, and 96 h) and subchronic (168 and 336 h) toxicity tests were performed. Furthermore, a recovery protocol was conducted: after exposure to 50% WAF for 168 h, the fish were transferred and kept in seawater without contaminants for 336 h, for a total experimental period of 504 h. The seahorse branchial apparatus was found to be tufted with short filaments; the apical surfaces of the pavement cells in the filament and lamellar epithelia formed "crests" and had microridges. Mitochondria-rich cells were distributed exclusively in the lamellar epithelium, while mucous cells were distributed in the filament epithelium. All pathologies observed after acute and subchronic exposure featured progressive time-dependent alterations of lamellar structure that might disrupt gill physiological and metabolic functions. During the recovery period, the gill alterations were gradually repaired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Augusto Cariello Delunardo
- Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n(o) 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Gustavo Paulino
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Campus Araguaína, Avenida Paraguai, s/n°, 77824-838 Araguaína, TO, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laila Carine Campos Medeiros
- Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n(o) 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Scherer
- UVV, Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n(o) 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada (LAB PEIXE), Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n(o) 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Protected Freshwater Ecosystem with Incessant Cyanobacterial Blooming Awaiting a Resolution. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
For 50 years persistent cyanobacterial blooms have been observed in Lake Ludoš (Serbia), a wetland area of international significance listed as a Ramsar site. Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins can affect many organisms, including valuable flora and fauna, such as rare and endangered bird species living or visiting the lake. The aim was to carry out monitoring, estimate the current status of the lake, and discuss potential resolutions. Results obtained showed: (a) the poor chemical state of the lake; (b) the presence of potentially toxic (genera Dolichospermum, Microcystis, Planktothrix, Chroococcus, Oscillatoria, Woronichinia and dominant species Limnothrix redekei and Pseudanabaena limnetica) and invasive cyanobacterial species Raphidiopsis raciborskii; (c) the detection of microcystin (MC) and saxitoxin (STX) coding genes in biomass samples; (d) the detection of several microcystin variants (MC-LR, MC-dmLR, MC-RR, MC-dmRR, MC-LF) in water samples; (e) histopathological alterations in fish liver, kidney and gills. The potential health risk to all organisms in the ecosystem and the ecosystem itself is thus still real and present. Although there is still no resolution in sight, urgent remediation measures are needed to alleviate the incessant cyanobacterial problem in Lake Ludoš to break this ecosystem out of the perpetual state of limbo in which it has been trapped for quite some time.
Collapse
|
6
|
G DP, Souza-Bastos LR, Giacomin M, Dolatto RG, Baika LM, Grassi MT, Ostrensky A, Wood CM. Acute exposure to the water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSF G) affects oxygen consumption, nitrogenous-waste and Mg excretion, and activates anaerobic metabolism in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108590. [PMID: 31404698 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic environments by petroleum and its products (e.g. gasoline) is a hazard for aquatic organisms as a result of the potential toxicity of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Our goal was to evaluate the acute effects of the water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSFG) on nitrogen excretion, osmoregulation, and metabolism of goldfish Carassius auratus. We first chemically characterized the WSFG and then tested its effects on these physiological aspects of C. auratus, in several different exposure scenarios (0, 0.25, 5, 10 and 25% of WSFG). The WSFG contained high concentrations BTEX (toluene 70% and benzene 17%) relative to PAH (<1%), and low levels of several metals (Al, Fe, Zn, Sr). Routine O2 uptake rate (MO2) of goldfish was inhibited by exposure to 5% WSFG, and during post-exposure recovery, MO2 increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Ammonia excretion was not affected by exposure to WSFG, but urea-N excretion increased progressively with the WSFG concentration. The same pattern of dose/response was observed for net Mg2+ loss rates and steadily increasing plasma lactate concentrations. Loss rates of Na+, Ca2+, K+ and Cl-, and plasma concentrations of Mg2+ and urea-N were not significantly altered. We propose that acute exposure to WSFG inhibits aerobic metabolism and activates anaerobic metabolism, breaking down ATP such that bound Mg2+ is liberated and the purine ring component is metabolized to urea-N, both of which are subsequently excreted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dal Pont G
- Integrated Group for Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Dept. of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, P.R. 83035-050, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR ZIP 80035-050, Brazil; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC ZIP V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Luciana Rodrigues Souza-Bastos
- Integrated Group for Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Dept. of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, P.R. 83035-050, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR ZIP 80035-050, Brazil; Institute of Technology for Development - Lactec, Curitiba, PR ZIP 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Marina Giacomin
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC ZIP V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Rafael Garrett Dolatto
- Grupo de Química Ambiental (GQA), Dept. of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19032, Curitiba, PR ZIP 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Loana Mara Baika
- Grupo de Química Ambiental (GQA), Dept. of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19032, Curitiba, PR ZIP 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Grupo de Química Ambiental (GQA), Dept. of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19032, Curitiba, PR ZIP 81531-970, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Ostrensky
- Integrated Group for Aquaculture and Environmental Studies, Dept. of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, P.R. 83035-050, Brazil.
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC ZIP V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khursigara AJ, Ackerly KL, Esbaugh AJ. Oil toxicity and implications for environmental tolerance in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:52-61. [PMID: 30878452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its constituent chemicals are common environmental toxicants in aquatic environments worldwide, and have been the subject of intense research for decades. Importantly, aquatic environments are also the sites of numerous other environmental disturbances that can impact the endemic fauna. While there have been a number of attempts to explore the potential additive and synergistic effects of oil exposure and environmental stressors, many of these efforts have focused on the cumulative effects on typical toxicological endpoints (e.g. survival, growth, reproduction and cellular damage). Fewer studies have investigated the impact that oil exposure may have on the ability of exposed animals to tolerate typically encountered environmental stressors, despite the fact that this is an important consideration when placing oil spills in an ecological context. Here we review the available data and highlight potentially understudied areas relating to how oil exposure may impair organismal responses to common environmental stressors in fishes. We focused on four common environmental stressors in aquatic environments - hypoxia, temperature, salinity and acid-base disturbances - while also considering social stress and impacts on the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis. Overall, we believe the evidence supports treating the impacts of oil exposure on environmental tolerance as an independent endpoint of toxicity in fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA.
| | - Kerri L Ackerly
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- The University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channelview Drive, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hook SE, Mondon J, Revill AT, Greenfield PA, Stephenson SA, Strzelecki J, Corbett P, Armstrong E, Song J, Doan H, Barrett S. Monitoring sublethal changes in fish physiology following exposure to a light, unweathered crude oil. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 204:27-45. [PMID: 30173120 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are frequently used to determine the exposure of fish to petroleum hydrocarbons following an oil spill. These biomarkers must be chosen carefully if they are to be used to determine sublethal toxic impacts as well as oil exposure. Many commonly used biomarkers relate to the metabolism of high molecular weight, typically pyrogenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are not abundant in unweathered crude oil. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of different biomarkers, including histological examination and transcriptomic profiling, in showing exposure to oil and the potential for sublethal toxic impacts. To achieve these goals, subadults/adults of the spotted dragonet (Repomucenus calcaratus) were exposed to a representative light, unweathered Australian oil for 96 h, so that the physiological changes that occur with exposure could be documented. Fish were then transferred to clean sediment for 90 h to quantify recovery. Biomarker changes, including PAH metabolites, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), and histopathology, are presented in this work. In addition, a de novo transcriptome for the spotted dragonet was assembled, and differential transcript abundance was determined for the gill and liver of petroleum-exposed fish relative to a control. Increased levels of some biliary phenanthrene metabolites were seen throughout the exposure period. EROD levels showed modest, but not significant, increases. Transcriptomic differences were noted in the abundances of transcripts with a role in inflammation, primary metabolism and cardiac function. The patterns of transcript abundance in the gill and the liver changed in a manner that reflected exposure and recovery. The histology showed elevated prevalence of lesions, most notably vacuolization in liver and heart tissue, multi-organ necrosis, and lamellar epithelial lifting and telangiectasia in the gill. These findings suggest that short-term exposures to low molecular weight PAHs could elicit changes in the health of fish that are well predicted by the transcriptome. Furthermore, when light oil is released into the environment, exposure and subsequent risk would be better estimated using phenanthrene metabolite levels rather than EROD. This study also adds to the weight of evidence that exposure to low molecular weight PAHs may cause cardiac problems in fish. Further study is needed to determine the impact of these changes on reproductive capacity, long-term survival, and other population specific parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia.
| | - Julie Mondon
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Strzelecki
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Corbett
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | - Emily Armstrong
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia
| | - Jing Song
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, VIC, 3280, Australia; Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hai Doan
- CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Skye Barrett
- South Australian Research and Development Institute Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, SA, 5024, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fiorello CV, Freeman K, Elias BA, Whitmer E, Ziccardi MH. Ophthalmic effects of petroleum dispersant exposure on common murres (Uria aalge): An experimental study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:387-391. [PMID: 27743656 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The safety of chemical dispersants used during oil spill responses is largely unknown in birds. We captured common murres in Monterey Bay, CA and exposed them to Corexit EC9500a, crude oil, or a combination in artificial seawater. We performed ophthalmic examinations and measured intraocular pressures and tear production before and after exposure. Loglinear analysis found that exposure to oil or dispersant was related to the development of conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. Odds ratios for birds exposed to oil or dispersant were positive and significant for the development of conjunctivitis, while odds ratios for the development of corneal ulcers were positive and significant only for birds exposed to a high concentration of oil. Ocular exposure to dispersants and petroleum in seabirds may cause conjunctivitis and may play a role in the development of corneal ulcers. These results have implications for policymakers who develop protocols for the use of dispersants during marine oil spills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine V Fiorello
- Oiled Wildlife Care Network, One Health Institute, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Kate Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Becky A Elias
- Oiled Wildlife Care Network, One Health Institute, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Emily Whitmer
- Oiled Wildlife Care Network, One Health Institute, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michael H Ziccardi
- Oiled Wildlife Care Network, One Health Institute, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drobac D, Tokodi N, Lujić J, Marinović Z, Subakov-Simić G, Dulić T, Važić T, Nybom S, Meriluoto J, Codd GA, Svirčev Z. Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in fishponds and their effects on fish tissue. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:66-76. [PMID: 28073548 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria can produce toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Common and frequently investigated cyanotoxins include microcystins (MCs), nodularin (NOD) and saxitoxins (STXs). During the summer of 2011 extensive cyanobacterial growth was found in several fishponds in Serbia. Sampling of the water and fish (common carp, Cyprinus carpio) was performed. Water samples from 13 fishponds were found to contain saxitoxin, microcystin, and/or nodularin. LC-MS/MS showed that MC-RR was present in samples of fish muscle tissue. Histopathological analyses of fish grown in fishponds with cyanotoxin production showed histopathological damage to liver, kidney, gills, intestines and muscle tissues. This study is among the first so far to report severe hyperplasia of intestinal epithelium and severe degeneration of muscle tissue of fish after cyanobacterial exposure. These findings emphasize the importance of cyanobacterial and cyanotoxin monitoring in fishponds in order to recognize cyanotoxins and their potential effects on fish used for human consumption and, further, on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damjana Drobac
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
| | - Nada Tokodi
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Lujić
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Zoran Marinović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia; Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary
| | - Gordana Subakov-Simić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Dulić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Važić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Sonja Nybom
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jussi Meriluoto
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland; Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia
| | - Geoffrey A Codd
- School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, SA, Australia
| | - Zorica Svirčev
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brussaard CPD, Peperzak L, Beggah S, Wick LY, Wuerz B, Weber J, Samuel Arey J, van der Burg B, Jonas A, Huisman J, van der Meer JR. Immediate ecotoxicological effects of short-lived oil spills on marine biota. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11206. [PMID: 27041738 PMCID: PMC4822028 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine environments are frequently exposed to oil spills as a result of transportation, oil drilling or fuel usage. Whereas large oil spills and their effects have been widely documented, more common and recurrent small spills typically escape attention. To fill this important gap in the assessment of oil-spill effects, we performed two independent supervised full sea releases of 5 m(3) of crude oil, complemented by on-board mesocosm studies and sampling of accidentally encountered slicks. Using rapid on-board biological assays, we detect high bioavailability and toxicity of dissolved and dispersed oil within 24 h after the spills, occurring fairly deep (8 m) below the slicks. Selective decline of marine plankton is observed, equally relevant for early stages of larger spills. Our results demonstrate that, contrary to common thinking, even small spills have immediate adverse biological effects and their recurrent nature is likely to affect marine ecosystem functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina P. D. Brussaard
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Microbiology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Peperzak
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Siham Beggah
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Y. Wick
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgit Wuerz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Weber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Samuel Arey
- Environmental Chemistry Modeling Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Jonas
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Huisman
- Rijkswaterstaat Zee en Delta, Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu, Lange Kleiweg 34, 2288 GK Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Roelof van der Meer
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Haule K, Freda W. The effect of dispersed Petrobaltic oil droplet size on photosynthetically active radiation in marine environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6506-6516. [PMID: 26635218 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oil pollution in seawater, primarily visible on sea surface, becomes dispersed as an effect of wave mixing as well as chemical dispersant treatment, and forms spherical oil droplets. In this study, we examined the influence of oil droplet size of highly dispersed Petrobaltic crude on the underwater visible light flux and the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of seawater, including absorption, scattering, backscattering and attenuation coefficients. On the basis of measured data and Mie theory, we calculated the IOPs of dispersed Petrobaltic crude oil in constant concentration, but different log-normal size distributions. We also performed a radiative transfer analysis, in order to evaluate the influence on the downwelling irradiance Ed, remote sensing reflectance Rrs and diffuse reflectance R, using in situ data from the Baltic Sea. We found that during dispersion, there occurs a boundary size distribution characterized by a peak diameter d0 = 0.3 μm causing a maximum E d increase of 40% within 0.5-m depth, and the maximum Ed decrease of 100% at depths below 5 m. Moreover, we showed that the impact of size distribution on the "blue to green" ratios of Rrs and R varies from 24% increase to 27% decrease at the same crude oil concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Haule
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Freda
- Department of Physics, Gdynia Maritime University, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225, Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lari E, Abtahi B, Hashtroudi MS. The effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil on survival, physiology and behaviour of Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev, 1870). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:330-334. [PMID: 26377481 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil is a complex and toxic mixture of hydrocarbons that aquatic organisms directly encounter in oil spills. WSF plays an important role in the toxicity of crude oil to aquatic organisms. In the present study, the effects of WSF on juvenile Caspian roach, Rutilus caspicus, at lethal and sub-lethal level was investigated. The lethality of WSF on R. caspicus was studied by conducting 96h LC50 tests with semi-static exposure methods with 6 and 24h solution renewals. The 96h LC50 of WSF was estimated at 62.5% and 35.9% WSF concentrations for 24h and 6h renewal methods, respectively. To investigate the sub-lethal effect of WSF on R. caspicus, fish were exposed to 62.5, 31.3, and 6.3% concentrations of WSF for 24h and changes in their respiration rate and swimming activity was monitored during the exposure. At the end of the exposure period, four hematologic parameters [O2 and CO2 pressures (pO2 and pCO2), hematocrit, and hemoglobin content] of the fish were measured. The result of the behavioural experiment revealed that all three studied concentrations of WSF elevated the respiration rate and reduced the swimming activity of R. caspicus. No significant changes were detected in the hematocrit and hemoglobin content of the fish blood, but the blood pO2 of the fish exposed to 62.5% WSF decreased while the blood pCO2 increased. The results of this study suggest that the egression of the volatile components in hydrocarbon mixtures during conventional semi-static toxicity tests may lead to underestimating the toxicity of the hydrocarbons. The results of the sub-lethal experiments propose that failure of the respiratory system that leads to asphyxia may be a major mechanism that results in lethal effect of WSF in high concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Lari
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Abtahi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Seyed Hashtroudi
- Department of Marine Living Science, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Impact of DBP on histology and expression of HSP 70 in gill and liver tissue of Cyprinus carpio. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:1409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-015-3920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
15
|
Hess S, Wenger AS, Ainsworth TD, Rummer JL. Exposure of clownfish larvae to suspended sediment levels found on the Great Barrier Reef: Impacts on gill structure and microbiome. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10561. [PMID: 26094624 PMCID: PMC5392994 DOI: 10.1038/srep10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, increasing coastal development has played a major role in shaping coral reef species assemblages, but the mechanisms underpinning distribution patterns remain poorly understood. Recent research demonstrated delayed development in larval fishes exposed to suspended sediment, highlighting the need to further understand the interaction between suspended sediment as a stressor and energetically costly activities such as growth and development that are essential to support biological fitness. We examined the gill morphology and the gill microbiome in clownfish larvae (Amphiprion percula) exposed to suspended sediment concentrations (using Australian bentonite) commonly found on the inshore Great Barrier Reef. The gills of larvae exposed to 45 mg L(-1) of suspended sediment had excessive mucous discharge and growth of protective cell layers, resulting in a 56% thicker gill epithelium compared to fish from the control group. Further, we found a shift from 'healthy' to pathogenic bacterial communities on the gills, which could increase the disease susceptibility of larvae. The impact of suspended sediments on larval gills may represent an underlying mechanism behind the distribution patterns of fish assemblages. Our findings underscore the necessity for future coastal development to consider adverse effects of suspended sediments on fish recruitment, and consequently fish populations and ecosystem health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Hess
- 1] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia [2] College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Amelia S Wenger
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Tracy D Ainsworth
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Frantzen M, Hansen BH, Geraudie P, Palerud J, Falk-Petersen IB, Olsen GH, Camus L. Acute and long-term biological effects of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 105:8-19. [PMID: 25637877 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concentration dependent differences in acute and long-term effects of a 48 h exposure to mechanically or chemically dispersed crude oil were assessed on juvenile lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus). Acute or post-exposure mortality was only observed at oil concentrations representing higher concentrations than reported after real oil spills. Acute mortality was more apparent in chemically than mechanically dispersed oil treatments whereas comparable EC50s were observed for narcosis. There was a positive correlation between EROD activity and muscle PAH concentration for the lower oil concentrations whereas higher concentrations inhibited the enzyme activity. The incidence of gill tissue lesions was low with no difference between dispersion methods or oil concentrations. A concentration dependent decrease in swimming- and feeding behavior and in SGR was observed at the start of the post-exposure period, but with no differences between corresponding oil treatments. Three weeks post-exposure, fish from all treatments showed as high SGR as the control fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bjørn Henrik Hansen
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Environmental Technology, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Jocelyn Palerud
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Bioscience, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Inger-Britt Falk-Petersen
- UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Bioscience, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Gro H Olsen
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Lionel Camus
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hawkins AD, Thornton C, Kennedy AJ, Bu K, Cizdziel J, Jones BW, Steevens JA, Willett KL. Gill histopathologies following exposure to nanosilver or silver nitrate. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:301-315. [PMID: 25734626 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.971386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fish gill is the site for many crucial physiological functions. It is among the first sites of xenobiotic exposure, and gill histopathological alterations may be detected soon after toxicant exposure. Silver (Ag) is one of the most toxic metals to aquatic organisms mainly due to its ability to disrupt ionic regulation. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of ionic and nanoscale Ag on fathead minnow gills by examining gill histology and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase immunoreactivity. Fathead minnows were exposed to two measured concentrations of silver nitrate (AgNO3: 1.3 or 3.7 μg/L as Ag(+)), citrate silver nanoparticles (citrate-AgNP: 15 or 39 μg/L), and polyvinylpyrrolidone-AgNP (PVP-AgNP) (AgNP: 11 or 50 μg/L). Circulatory disturbances were the most prevalent gill alterations detected and were significantly increased in all Ag treatment groups compared to control. AgNO3 (1.3 μg/L) was the only treatment that significantly elevated the number of total mucous goblet cells present. In all other Ag treatments, the percent of degenerated goblet cells was significantly increased compared to control. When the sum of all histopathological abnormalities (weighted index) was calculated, all Ag groups displayed a significantly higher index, with citrate-AgNP having the highest toxicity (index of 10 ± 0.32 versus 2.4 ± 0.6 in controls). Gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase immunoreactivity was decreased by Ag. These results indicated that both AgNO3 and AgNP created similar disruptions in gill structure and ionic regulation, possibly due to the ionic Ag portion of each treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Hawkins
- a Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Environmental Toxicology Research Program , School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|