1
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Ogawa M, Mitani Y. Distribution and composition of floating marine debris in Shiretoko peninsula, Japan, using opportunistic sighting survey. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116266. [PMID: 38522339 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Floating marine debris (FMD) poses several threats to marine species, such as entanglement, ingestion, and the transport of pollutants. The Shiretoko Peninsula, located in northern Japan, is a registered World Natural Heritage Site and a biodiversity hotspot. However, FMD has not yet been thoroughly investigated in this region. In 2022, sighting surveys were conducted in Abashiri (west side of the peninsula) and Rausu (east side) to assess the abundance, composition, and distribution of FMD. The mean densities were notably higher in Abashiri, and there was more fishing-related debris in Rausu. Regarding local human activities, the population and number of tourists are higher in Abashiri, and fishing activities are higher in Rausu. While marine pollution is a global issue, our study suggests that addressing it should commence with community-based management at the local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ogawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 20-5 Benten-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 040-0051, Japan.
| | - Yoko Mitani
- Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, 2-24, Tanaka-Sekiden-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8203, Japan.
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2
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Lopes C, Figueiredo C, Baptista M, Caetano M, Santos MM, Raimundo J. First evidence of microplastic ingestion in the ocean giant sunfish (Mola mola). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106064. [PMID: 37344267 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Mola mola is the largest teleost inhabiting our ocean and the presence of microplastics (MP) in this flagship species was, before this study, never described. Thus, this investigation focused on analysing MP ingestion in 53 ocean giant sunfish in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. A total of 116 MP were found in 79% of the specimens, with a median of 1 MP.ind-1, ranging from 0 to 11 MP.ind-1. Seasonal differences were observed, with more fibers registered in specimens caught in autumn. Among the different size classes observed, the smallest category (<300 μm) was the most frequent (43%). Blue (43%) was the most prevalent color, followed by green (29%) and black (10%). The majority of fragments were styrene acrylic copolymer (53%), while most fibers were rayon (78%). These findings emphasize that the ocean sunfish population crossing the southern waters of Portugal is exposed to microplastic pollution and highlight the need for effective management policies to address plastic pollution in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lopes
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006, Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Figueiredo
- CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Baptista
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Caetano
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006, Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP - Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Raimundo
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006, Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIIMAR-LA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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3
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Kelly NE, Feyrer L, Gavel H, Trela O, Ledwell W, Breeze H, Marotte EC, McConney L, Whitehead H. Long term trends in floating plastic pollution within a marine protected area identifies threats for Endangered northern bottlenose whales. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115686. [PMID: 36931376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
"The Gully", situated off Nova Scotia, Canada, is the largest submarine canyon in the western North Atlantic. This unique oceanographic feature, which became a Marine Protected Area (MPA) in 2004, is rich in marine biodiversity and is part of the critical habitat of Endangered northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus). To understand the potential impact of plastic pollution in the MPA and on this Endangered cetacean, we evaluated trends over time in the abundance and composition of plastics and compared these to the stomach contents of recently stranded northern bottlenose whales. From the 1990s-2010s, the median abundance of micro-sized (<5 mm) and small plastics (5 mm-2.5 cm) increased significantly, while the median abundance of large plastics (>2.5 cm) decreased significantly. Plastic abundance from the 2010s for micro-sized and small plastics varied from 5586-438 196 particles km-2, higher than previously measured estimates for surrounding offshore areas. Polymers identified using FTIR spectroscopy included polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate polyester, nylon, alkyds (paint), and natural and semi-synthetic cellulosic fibers. The abundance of large debris ranged from 0 to 108.6 items km-2 and consisted of plastic sheets and bags, food wrappers and containers, rope, fishing buoys, and small plastic fragments. Whale stomach contents contained fragments of fishing nets, ropes, bottle caps, cups, food wrappers, smaller plastic fragments, fibers, and paint flakes, consistent with the composition and character of items collected from their critical habitat. Despite being far from centres of human population, the unique oceanographic features of The Gully (i.e. currents and bathymetric complexity) may concentrate plastic debris, increasing exposure rates of whales to plastic pollution. The increase in micro-sized and small plastics over time suggests associated health and welfare impacts of ingested plastics should be accounted for in future recovery plans for this Endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen E Kelly
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Laura Feyrer
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Heidi Gavel
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Olga Trela
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wayne Ledwell
- Newfoundland and Labrador Whale Release and Strandings, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Heather Breeze
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Emmaline C Marotte
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Leah McConney
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
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4
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Iglesias I, Lupiac M, Vieira LR, Antunes SC, Mira-Veiga J, Sousa-Pinto I, Lobo A. Socio-economic factors affecting the distribution of marine litter: The Portuguese case study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115168. [PMID: 37329738 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter is a growing global problem with serious environmental, economic, social, and health threats. Understanding the socio-economic factors that influence the types and amounts of litter is of utmost importance. In this study, an integrative analysis of the socio-economic factors that characterize the beach litter distribution in continental Portugal and the Azores archipelago was conducted via a cluster analysis, implementing a novel technique to support the difficult task of marine litter characterization. The results highlighted that the most abundant beach litter material is plastic (92.9 %), followed by paper (2.2 %), wood (1.5 %), and metal (1.3 %). The majority of the items could not be attributed to a specific source (46.5 %). The remaining were attributed to public litter (34.5 % of total aggregated items), fishing (9.8 %), sewage-related debris (6.4 %) and shipping (2.2 %). The top-three beach litter categories were small plastic pieces (0-2.5 cm, 43.5 %), cigarette butts (30.1 %), and medium plastic pieces (2.5-50 cm, 26.4 %). A positive relation between both municipality environment expenditures and population density and the quantity and typology of litter was found. Beach litter quantity and categories were also associated with specific economic sectors, as well as with geographical/hydrodynamic conditions, demonstrating the utility of the technique and its applicability to other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Iglesias
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - M Lupiac
- École nationale supérieure d'électrotechnique, d'électronique, d'informatique, d'hydraulique et des télécommunications (INP-ENSEEIHT), Toulouse, France
| | - L R Vieira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - S C Antunes
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - I Sousa-Pinto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Lobo
- Centro de Investigação do Território, Transportes e Ambiente (CITTA), Faculdade de Engenharía da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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5
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Gao S, Yan K, Liang B, Shu R, Wang N, Zhang S. The different ways microplastics from the water column and sediment accumulate in fish in Haizhou Bay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158575. [PMID: 36075424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global microplastic (MP) pollution is a serious environmental problem that has been found in various ecosystems, especially marine ecosystems. In this study, the water (surface, middle and bottom water), sediment and fish (pelagic, demersal and benthic fish) in the artificial reef area and adjacent waters in Haizhou Bay were collected, and the mechanism of MP transmission among the three media was analyzed. The results showed that >96 % of the plastics in the region were MPs. The shape of MPs was mainly fibrous (water (73.3 %), sediment (56 %), fish (95.3 %)), color was mainly blue (water (49.3 %), sediment (47 %), fish (72.3 %)), and the material was mainly PET (water (39.6 %), sediment (33 %), fish (86.6 %)). We found that, except for the natural deposition of MPs, MPs could be ingested by pelagic fish and transmitted through vertical movement in the water, while there was an interaction between MPs in benthic fishes and the middle-bottom waters. In addition, as relevant variables, body length and body weight were more likely to explain the number of MPs ingested by fishes than were δ13C and δ15N. Therefore, based on the linear relationship between δ15N and body length, we concluded that there was a weak trophic magnification effect of MPs ingested by fish in this region. This study provides unique information for further exploring the factors influencing the spatial distribution of MPs and the transmission mechanism of MPs in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kai Yan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Baogui Liang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruilin Shu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources In the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200000, China.
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6
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Anastácio J, Candeias JM, Cabral H, Domingos I. Relationships between marine litter and type of coastal area, in Northeast Atlantic sandy beaches. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105827. [PMID: 36444794 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter represents a threat to the marine environment, being estimated that around eight million items are discarded daily in the ocean. Monitoring marine debris became a relevant topic of research as marine litter is one of the descriptors of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, for European Union's member states. Nevertheless, the patterns and processes governing the disposal of waste in coastal areas are still not clear. Our study relates characteristics of eleven coastal areas in Portugal (urbanization, slope, distance to an estuary, length, and type of substrate) to the type and abundance of marine litter found. A total of 7743 items were identified, with the main types of litter found being plastic (71.2%), paper (16.3%), and sanitary waste (9.1%). A clear spatial distribution pattern was observed, with more litter items recorded in the zone corresponding to the high tide line (2.3 items m-2). It was also verified that both beaches and seasons influenced the amount of litter found. Plastic, the dominant marine litter group, was abundant on the vast majority of beaches. It was possible to identify litter with land and sea origins. The litter with land origin came mainly from sanitary and sewage-related waste while the litter with marine origin came mainly from fisheries, including aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Anastácio
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - José M Candeias
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique Cabral
- INRAE, UR EABX, Centre Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 50 Avenue de Verdun, 33612, Cestas, France
| | - Isabel Domingos
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; MARE Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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González-Fernández D, Hanke G, Pogojeva M, Machitadze N, Kotelnikova Y, Tretiak I, Savenko O, Bilashvili K, Gelashvili N, Fedorov A, Kulagin D, Terentiev A, Slobodnik J. Floating marine macro litter in the Black Sea: Toward baselines for large scale assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119816. [PMID: 35872285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Black Sea is a semi-enclosed basin subject to major anthropogenic pressures, including marine litter and plastic pollution. Due to numerous large rivers draining into the basin and a population settled along the coast, the region could accumulate significant amounts of floating litter over time. Until now, only limited field data were available, and litter quantities and distribution remained unknown. In this study, floating marine macro litter (FMML) was assessed at the regional Black Sea scale for the first time, showing relatively high litter densities across the basin that reached a weighted mean of 81.5 items/km2. Monitoring data revealed an accumulation of floating items offshore in the eastern part of the basin, resembling on a small scale a 'garbage patch', where litter items were trapped, showing elevated densities in comparison to their surrounding areas. Most of these items were made of plastic materials (ca. 96%) and included large numbers of plastic and polystyrene fragments of small size ranges (2.5-10 cm). Harmonised field data collection through consistent and regular monitoring programmes across the region is essential to establish baselines and thresholds for large scale assessment at international level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D González-Fernández
- Department of Biology, University Marine Research Institute INMAR, University of Cádiz and European University of the Seas, Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - G Hanke
- EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - M Pogojeva
- N. N. Zubov's State Oceanographic Institute, Roshydromet, Moscow, Russia; Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Machitadze
- Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Y Kotelnikova
- Ukrainian Center of Ecology of the Sea, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - I Tretiak
- Ukrainian Center of Ecology of the Sea, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - O Savenko
- Ukrainian Center of Ecology of the Sea, Odessa, Ukraine; National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - K Bilashvili
- Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - N Gelashvili
- Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - A Fedorov
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Kulagin
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Terentiev
- N. N. Zubov's State Oceanographic Institute, Roshydromet, Moscow, Russia
| | - J Slobodnik
- Environmental Institute, Kos, Slovak Republic
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8
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Detection and Classification of Floating Plastic Litter Using a Vessel-Mounted Video Camera and Deep Learning. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14143425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Marine plastic pollution is a major environmental concern, with significant ecological, economic, public health and aesthetic consequences. Despite this, the quantity and distribution of marine plastics is poorly understood. Better understanding of the global abundance and distribution of marine plastic debris is vital for global mitigation and policy. Remote sensing methods could provide substantial data to overcome this issue. However, developments have been hampered by the limited availability of in situ data, which are necessary for development and validation of remote sensing methods. Current in situ methods of floating macroplastics (size greater than 1 cm) are usually conducted through human visual surveys, often being costly, time-intensive and limited in coverage. To overcome this issue, we present a novel approach to collecting in situ data using a trained object-detection algorithm to detect and quantify marine macroplastics from video footage taken from vessel-mounted general consumer cameras. Our model was able to successfully detect the presence or absence of plastics from real-world footage with an accuracy of 95.2% without the need to pre-screen the images for horizon or other landscape features, making it highly portable to other environmental conditions. Additionally, the model was able to differentiate between plastic object types with a Mean Average Precision of 68% and an F1-Score of 0.64. Further analysis suggests that a way to improve the separation among object types using only object detection might be through increasing the proportion of the image area covered by the plastic object. Overall, these results demonstrate how low-cost vessel-mounted cameras combined with machine learning have the potential to provide substantial harmonised in situ data of global macroplastic abundance and distribution.
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9
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Haarr ML, Falk-Andersson J, Fabres J. Global marine litter research 2015-2020: Geographical and methodological trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153162. [PMID: 35051476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review of research on marine macrolitter densities in the past five years (2015-2020) revealed considerable knowledge gaps in the field. Nearly half he reviewed studies were on stranded litter. Data are scarce from many of the regions estimated to mismanage the largest amounts of plastic waste. In regions where data are available these are typically from coastal areas with few data from the high and deep seas; 57% and 87% of studies on pelagic and seafloor litter, respectively, took place within 100 km from shore. Data on pelagic litter are generally constrained to the sea surface and only two of 30 pelagic studies have measured macrolitter deeper in the water column. Reported litter densities are generally highest for stranded litter, although seafloor litter densities by weight are high in some areas. Reported densities of floating litter are several orders of magnitude lower. However, a lack of standardisation of methods makes it difficult both to assess and to compare litter densities within and across the different environmental compartments in time and space. The review illustrates a great need for survey design development within the field of macroplastics and point to some long-established considerations from ecological research pertaining to independence of data points, spatial autocorrelation, sampling scale, and plot size and shape which are highly relevant also for marine litter research. These considerations are relevant both for global standardisation efforts and for independent studies. Furthermore, the knowledge gaps created by geographic and compartment biases in research needs to be addressed to identify further research needs, validate models and inform policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jannike Falk-Andersson
- Salt Lofoten AS, Fiskergata 23, 8301 Svolvær, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joan Fabres
- Salt Lofoten AS, Fiskergata 23, 8301 Svolvær, Norway
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10
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Uzun P, Farazande S, Guven B. Mathematical modeling of microplastic abundance, distribution, and transport in water environments: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132517. [PMID: 34634279 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution in marine and riverine environments is a threat not only for the aquatic ecosystem itself but also for human activity and life. Although there are reviews regarding microplastic debris in environments, most of them focus on the studies on their type, occurrence, and distribution. Only a limited number of these studies focus on the modeling methods, usually concentrating on particular aspects, such as settling or bioaccumulation. In this paper, physically-based existing microplastics modeling studies are classified and reviewed according to the environment, modeling methodology, and input-output relationships. Considering the strengths and weaknesses of all modeling methodologies, it is deduced that more reliable results are obtained using hybrid methods, especially the coupling of hydrodynamic and process-based models, and hydrodynamics and statistical models. The significance of having much more consideration and knowledge on the microplastics' physical properties and the environmental processes affecting their fate and transport in the aquatic environments is revealed for future research. It has also been recommended that a standardized method for data calibration, validation, and verification is necessary to be able to compare the modeling results with field investigations more efficiently than it is currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Uzun
- Faculty of Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sofi Farazande
- Faculty of Engineering, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Guven
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Ruiz I, Burgoa I, Santos M, Basurko OC, García-Barón I, Louzao M, Beldarrain B, Kukul D, Valle C, Uriarte A, Rubio A. First assessment of floating marine litter abundance and distribution in the Bay of Biscay from an integrated ecosystem survey. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113266. [PMID: 35090265 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the Bay of Biscay, regional monitoring programmes and data on abundance and distribution of floating marine litter are scarce, contrary to many other European marine regions. Here, a joint analysis of multiyear observations (2017-2019) of floating micro and macrolitter and oceanographic conditions was conducted for the Bay of Biscay by combining microlitter samplings with neuston nets and vessel-based macrolitter observations. Results show spatiotemporal abundance and distribution patterns. The density of floating microlitter increased from 26,056 items/km2 in 2017 to 1,802,4611 items/km2 in 2019; floating macrolitter densities barely varied amongst year (2.52 items/km2 in 2017 and 3.70 items/km2 in 2019). No significant correlation was found between densities of micro and macrolitter, neither for the oceanographic variables. We conclude that longer micro and macrolitter monitoring periods and standardized datasets based on the cross-border cooperation are needed to collect more comparable information, evaluate trends, and support decision making in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ruiz
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Iñaki Burgoa
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - María Santos
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Oihane C Basurko
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Isabel García-Barón
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Maite Louzao
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Beldarrain
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Deniz Kukul
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Claudia Valle
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Ainhize Uriarte
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Anna Rubio
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
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Sá S, Bastos-Santos J, Araújo H, Pereira AT, Ferreira M, Sarmento P, Vingada J, Eira C. Floating marine litter and their risks to cetaceans off Portugal. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 170:112603. [PMID: 34126442 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Floating Dangerous Debris For Cetaceans (DDFC) and cetacean abundances were assessed by shipboard visual surveys off continental Portugal. Plastic litter (other than fishing gear) was the most abundant category, corresponding to 56.53% of the total recorded DDFC. Areas of DDFC and cetacean potential overlap suggest that cetaceans are generally exposed to DDFC at different risk levels within the study area. The highest concentration areas of DDFC and cetaceans did not overlap, whereas lower DDFC concentration areas (70% kernel probability contour) overlapped with 45% of the distribution area obtained for cetaceans. Future marine litter management measures (prevention or mitigation) should be focused on the predicted high DDFC-cetacean interaction risk area in the central region of the study. DDFC are representative of the overall floating litter distribution and future floating litter assessments could be based on DDFC categories alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sá
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Bastos-Santos
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Estação de Campo de Quiaios, Casa da Guarda Florestal Sul, Rua das Matas Nacionais, 3080-530 Quiaios, Portugal
| | - Hélder Araújo
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Estação de Campo de Quiaios, Casa da Guarda Florestal Sul, Rua das Matas Nacionais, 3080-530 Quiaios, Portugal
| | - Andreia Torres Pereira
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Marisa Ferreira
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Estação de Campo de Quiaios, Casa da Guarda Florestal Sul, Rua das Matas Nacionais, 3080-530 Quiaios, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sarmento
- Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, Centro Polivalente de Divulgação da Casa do Lanternim, 7750-350 Mértola, Portugal
| | - José Vingada
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Vida Selvagem, Estação de Campo de Quiaios, Casa da Guarda Florestal Sul, Rua das Matas Nacionais, 3080-530 Quiaios, Portugal
| | - Catarina Eira
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Estrada do Porto de Pesca Costeira, 3830-565 Gafanha da Nazaré, Portugal
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Ahrendt C, DeCoite M, Pulgar J, Pozo K, Galbán-Malagón C, Hinojosa IA. A decade later, reviewing floating marine debris in Northern Chilean Patagonia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112372. [PMID: 33940371 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Floating marine debris (FMD) were abundantly reported in the Northern Chilean Patagonia in 2009 where sea-based activities (mussel and salmon aquaculture) are responsible for most of them. Identifying the sources of FMD is important to take the necessary actions to diminish their abundance. In 2019 eleven transects were opportunistically conducted to evaluate the abundance, spatial distribution and composition of FMD in the same area, and to compare them with the previous study using the same methodology. FMD identified were classified into the same six categories from the previous study, however "Others" category were now the dominant one indicating that new pollutants have been increasing during the last decade. Inside the "others" category, plastics buoy and other floating devices, that normally are used by the salmon aquaculture, were the main items. Similarly than the previous study, styrofoam and domestic plastics were also the other most abundant items. In general, also, an increase in abundance compared with the previous study was found. The highest abundances were similarly found in the "Golfo de Corcovado" zone ranging from 50 to 230 items km-2. Our results, as well as the previous study, confirm that sea-based activities are still responsible for the FMD found in the Northern Patagonia. To avoid the origin of this contamination it is urgent to implement public policies that effectively reduce FMD, and hold the aquaculture industries responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ahrendt
- Plastic Oceans International, 23823 Malibu Road Ste 50-205, Malibu, CA 90265, United States of America.
| | - M DeCoite
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States of America
| | - J Pulgar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda República 252, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigaciones Marinas de Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Cs de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay, Chile
| | - K Pozo
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Galbán-Malagón
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile.
| | - I A Hinojosa
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile.
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14
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Unger B, Herr H, Viquerat S, Gilles A, Burkhardt-Holm P, Siebert U. Opportunistically collected data from aerial surveys reveal spatio-temporal distribution patterns of marine debris in German waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2893-2903. [PMID: 32895793 PMCID: PMC7788032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris is known for its ubiquitousness and harmful effects on marine life. This study is the first analysis to provide information on the distribution of floating marine debris in German waters using aerial survey data collected between 2002 and 2016. During regular harbour porpoise monitoring flights, 191,167 km were covered and 26,512 floating debris items recorded (average encounter rate 0.1387 items/km). Debris was encountered more often in the North Sea than in the Baltic Sea (0.16 items/km; 0.08 items/km). The average encounter rate was higher in offshore waters than in coastal areas. Overlaps of marine debris distribution with 'Special Areas of Conservation' are a particular reason for concern. Moreover, the spring months (March-May) were identified to be the time of the year with the highest average encounter rates for marine debris. Fishing-related debris was shown to contribute up to 25% of the total number of all observed items. This study shows that opportunistically collected data on marine debris from aerial surveys are valuable for identifying distribution patterns of floating debris without additional survey effort and costs. These data can be used as baseline information to inform management schemes such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Unger
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstraße 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany.
| | - Helena Herr
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sacha Viquerat
- Center of Natural History (CeNak), University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Gilles
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstraße 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Patricia Burkhardt-Holm
- Department of Environmental Science, Man-Society-Environment, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Werftstraße 6, 25761, Büsum, Germany
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Falk-Andersson J, Larsen Haarr M, Havas V. Basic principles for development and implementation of plastic clean-up technologies: What can we learn from fisheries management? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:141117. [PMID: 32736112 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution compromises ocean health, with large amounts of plastics continuing to enter marine and coastal environments. Various mitigative engineering solutions are being developed and implemented in response to this threat. While recognising the positive impacts of clean-ups, we highlight two perspectives given little attention to date, which are vital to evaluating the cost-benefit ratio of clean-ups: firstly, clean-up efficiency where density and accessibility of litter are key, and secondly, potential negative externalities that implementation of clean-up technologies may have. These principles, catch per unit effort and the impact on non-target species, are well known from fisheries management. We argue they should also be applied in evaluating marine litter removal schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vilma Havas
- SALT Lofoten AS, Havneterminalen, Fiskergata 23, 8301 Svolvær, Norway.
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16
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Filgueiras AV, Preciado I, Cartón A, Gago J. Microplastic ingestion by pelagic and benthic fish and diet composition: A case study in the NW Iberian shelf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111623. [PMID: 32896713 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the incidence of microplastics in the digestive tract contents of four fish species: Engraulis encrasicolus, Sardina pilchardus, Callionymus lyra and Mullus surmuletus. Alkaline digestion (10% KOH) was used to degrade the organic matter. The percentage of fish with microplastics was 78% (88% fibres, 12% fragments). The main types of polymers identified by Raman spectroscopy were polyethylene and polypropylene. The diet of the four species was also studied and two feeding types were determined: plankton-feeders and benthic-feeders. The effect of a set of biological variables (Length, Fullness index, Fulton's condition factor and Feeding type) on the number and size of microplastics ingested was studied using Generalised Additive Models (GAMs). A significant increase in the number of microplastics with increasing length was observed. No significant effect of trophic variables (fullness index and feeding type) on the number and size of microplastics was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virginia Filgueiras
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52, 36390 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Izaskun Preciado
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Promontorio de San Martín, s/n, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Cartón
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Promontorio de San Martín, s/n, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - Jesús Gago
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50-52, 36390 Vigo, Spain
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17
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Prata JC, da Costa JP, Lopes I, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T. Environmental status of (micro)plastics contamination in Portugal. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110753. [PMID: 32450440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plastics and microplastics are ubiquitous contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. This critical review is the first attempt at analyzing sources, concentration, impacts and solutions of (micro)plastic litter in Portugal based on all currently available literature. We found that, besides sea-based sources (e.g. shipping, fishing), 5717 t of mismanaged waste and 4.1 trillion microplastics from wastewater, mostly from untreated wastewater, are released to the environment every year. The highest concentrations are found in the North, Center and Lisbon regions, mostly comprised of consumer products, fishing gear and microplastics (<5 mm), especially fragments and pellets. This contamination has resulted in ingestion of plastics by organisms, including mussels, fishes, birds and turtles. Thus, every Portuguese citizen may consume 1440 microplastics a year based on the consumption of mollusks. Awareness campaigns, improvements in waste management and reductions in the release of untreated wastewater are recommended measures to reduce plastic pollution in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Prata
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João P da Costa
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Armando C Duarte
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Chiu CC, Liao CP, Kuo TC, Huang HW. Using citizen science to investigate the spatial-temporal distribution of floating marine litter in the waters around Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111301. [PMID: 32658669 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter is currently one of the most widespread pollutants. However, monitoring the spatial-temporal changes of floating marine litter remains challenging. In this study, with data collected by citizen scientists, we investigated the distribution and density of floating marine litter in the waters around Taiwan. With 40 volunteers surveying 978 transects in 410 cruises from December 2017 to December 2018, the overall survey area was approximately 121.26 km2 (5455 km in length). We found that the mean density of floating marine litter was 90.10 ± 8.60 items/km2 and that the majority was plastic (63.2%). Nearly 70% of the litter was found in 30% of the surveyed area. We also identified hotspots of floating marine litter, which are at the Northwestern and Southeastern regions of Taiwan. Our study highlights the contribution of citizen science to monitor floating marine litter and provides insight into the management of marine litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chun Chiu
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pei Liao
- Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chun Kuo
- Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Huang
- Ocean Conservation Administration, Ocean Affairs Council, Institute of Marine Affairs and Resources Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, 7F., No. 25, Chenggong 2nd Rd., Kaohsiung City 80661, Taiwan.
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19
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Chae Y, Hong SH, An YJ. Photosynthesis enhancement in four marine microalgal species exposed to expanded polystyrene leachate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109936. [PMID: 31767460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its widespread use, large amounts of expanded polystyrene (EPS) have been released into the marine environment, where it is broken down into small pieces with large surface areas. As such, chemical additives may be released into the environment, which can affect marine organisms; however, studies of the effects of such additives are lacking. We assessed the effects of leachate from EPS on the photosynthetic activities of four microalgal species (Dunaliella salina, Scenedesmus rubescens, Chlorella saccharophila, and Stichococcus bacillaris). They were exposed to EPS leachate for seven days and their photosynthetic activities were analyzed based on seven parameters. Overall, leachate exposure increased photosynthetic activity in all four species, albeit to different degrees and showing slightly different trends among the seven parameters. Based on chemical analysis, hexabromocyclododecane concentrations were higher in small-fragment leachate, whereas UV326 concentrations were higher in low-concentration-large-sphere leachate; bisphenol-A and total organic carbon showed no major differences among leachates. Thus, we speculate that exposure to trace chemicals influenced microalgal photosynthesis and overall growth. These results support further investigation of the impacts of plastic debris and chemical additives on marine ecosystems and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooeun Chae
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Hong
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Tejera A, Pérez-Sánchez L, Guerra G, Arriola-Velásquez AC, Alonso H, Arnedo MA, Rubiano G, Martel P. Natural radioactivity in algae arrivals on the Canary coast and dosimetry assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:122-131. [PMID: 30577011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of wild and culture harvest seaweed in food industry is a booming productive sector. In this context, a radiological characterization of five globally common seaweed species that were collected in arrival on Gran Canaria coast was carried out. The studied algae species were Cymopolia barbata, Lobophora variegata, Sargassum vulgare, Dictyota dichotoma and Haliptilon virgatum. Radionuclides analysed by alpha and gamma spectrometry were 238U, 234U, 235U, 210Po, 234Th, 226Ra, 210Pb, 228Th, 224Ra, 40K and 7Be. Activity concentrations, ratios, and concentration factors (CF) were determined for all samples collected. The CF in algae was higher for reactive-particle radionuclides (210Po, 234Th, 228Th and 210Pb) than for conservative ones (40K and the uranium isotopes). 210Po, 228Th and 234Th CF were one or two orders of magnitude higher than those recommended by the IAEA. L. variegata, C. barbata and S. vulgare showed a clear preference for 210Pb and 210Po, for uranium radioisotopes, and for 40K and 234Th, respectively. A dosimetry assessment due to seaweed ingestion showed considerable values of annual committed effective dose for H. virgatum (605 ± 19 μSv/y), L. variegata (574 ± 17 μSv/y) and D. dichotoma (540 ± 30 μSv/y). Hence, this study suggests that an algae radiological characterization is recommended as part of the product valorising process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tejera
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - L Pérez-Sánchez
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - G Guerra
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A C Arriola-Velásquez
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - H Alonso
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M A Arnedo
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - G Rubiano
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - P Martel
- Physics Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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21
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Zeri C, Adamopoulou A, Bojanić Varezić D, Fortibuoni T, Kovač Viršek M, Kržan A, Mandic M, Mazziotti C, Palatinus A, Peterlin M, Prvan M, Ronchi F, Siljic J, Tutman P, Vlachogianni T. Floating plastics in Adriatic waters (Mediterranean Sea): From the macro- to the micro-scale. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 136:341-350. [PMID: 30509816 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Macro- and microplastics abundances were determined in the Adriatic Sea following the MSFD TG10 protocol. The studied areas included populated gulfs, river outlets and offshore waters in five Adriatic countries. The use of small ships enabled us to detect small sized plastics (2.5-5 cm) and record average macroplastics densities of 251 ± 601 items km-2, one order of magnitude higher than previously considered. Results from manta net tows for microplastics revealed an average abundance of 315,009 ± 568,578 items km-2 (217 ± 575 g km-2). We found significantly higher microplastics abundances in nearshore (≤4 km) than in offshore waters (>4 km) and this trend seems to affect also the small sized macro plastic fragments (2.5-5 cm). The dominant polymers were polyethylene and polypropylene while the presence of some rare polymers and waxes used in food and dentistry indicated waste water treatment plants as potential sources of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zeri
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Greece.
| | | | | | - T Fortibuoni
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Italy; National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Italy
| | - M Kovač Viršek
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Slovenia
| | - A Kržan
- National Institute of Chemistry (NIC), Slovenia
| | - M Mandic
- Institute of Marine Biology (IMBK), Montenegro
| | - C Mazziotti
- Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Energy in the Emilia-Romagna region (ARPAE), Italy
| | - A Palatinus
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Slovenia
| | - M Peterlin
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Slovenia
| | - M Prvan
- WWF Adria, Zelinska 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Ronchi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Italy
| | - J Siljic
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (IOF), Croatia
| | - P Tutman
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (IOF), Croatia
| | - Th Vlachogianni
- Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (MIO-ECSDE), Greece
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22
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Chambault P, Vandeperre F, Machete M, Lagoa JC, Pham CK. Distribution and composition of floating macro litter off the Azores archipelago and Madeira (NE Atlantic) using opportunistic surveys. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:225-232. [PMID: 30227983 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and composition of macro litter floating around oceanic islands is poorly known, especially in the North Atlantic. Due to its isolated location at the fringe of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, the Azores archipelago has recently been proposed as a potential retention zone for floating litter. To further investigate this assumption, opportunistic surveys from pole-and-line tuna fishing boats were performed from 2015 to 2017 to document (1) the distribution and (2) the composition of the floating macro litter present off the Azores and Madeira islands. Among the 2406 visual transects, 482 floating debris were recorded and were mainly composed of general plastic user items (48%), plastic packaging (21%) and derelict fishing gears (18%). Average number of debris per transect was 0.19 ± 0.5, with a total number ranging between 0 and 5 items per transect. For the majority of transects (84%), no debris was observed, 13% of the transects contained a single item, and only 3% contained more than one item. Although debris between 2.5 and 5 cm were recorded, 93% of the debris were larger than 5 cm. The GLMs showed strong effect of the observer (p < 0.001) and the standardized densities accounting for the observer bias were higher (1.39 ± 0.14 items.km-2) than the observed densities (0.78 ± 0.07 items.km-2). Debris densities were however relatively low and tended to aggregate around the Central group of the Azores (standardized mean: 0.90 ± 0.20 items.km-2). Our findings therefore suggest that most of the debris might originate from far away land-based sources and from fishing activities. This study highlights the potential of fisheries observer programs to obtain cost-effective information on floating macro debris that are essential to support the implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippine Chambault
- IMAR, Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.
| | - Frederic Vandeperre
- IMAR, Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machete
- IMAR, Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - João Carvalho Lagoa
- IMAR, Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Christopher Kim Pham
- IMAR, Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; OKEANOS, Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal; MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
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23
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Arcangeli A, Campana I, Angeletti D, Atzori F, Azzolin M, Carosso L, Di Miccoli V, Giacoletti A, Gregorietti M, Luperini C, Paraboschi M, Pellegrino G, Ramazio M, Sarà G, Crosti R. Amount, composition, and spatial distribution of floating macro litter along fixed trans-border transects in the Mediterranean basin. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 129:545-554. [PMID: 29042107 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine litter is a major source of pollution in the Mediterranean basin, but despite legislative requirements, scant information is available for the ongoing assessment of this threat. Using higher size classes as proxy for litter distribution, this study gave a synoptic estimation of the amount, composition, and distribution of floating macro-litter in the Mediterranean. The average amount of macro-litter was in a range of 2-5items/km2, with the highest in the Adriatic basin. Seasonal patterns were present in almost all study areas and were significant in the Ligurian Sea, Sardinian-Balearic basin, and Central Tyrrhenian Sea. Plastic accounted for >80% of litter in all areas and seasons, with the highest proportion in the Adriatic Sea, Ligurian Sea, and Sicilian-Sardinian Channels; in the Bonifacio Strait, Tyrrhenian Sea, and Sardinian-Balearic basin, litter composition was instead more diverse. Spatial analysis suggested an almost homogeneous distribution of litter without evident regular aggregation zones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Campana
- Tuscia University, Dept. of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR), Borgo Le Saline, 01016 Tarquinia, VT, Italy; Accademia del Leviatano, V.le dell'Astronomia 19, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Dario Angeletti
- Tuscia University, Dept. of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR), Borgo Le Saline, 01016 Tarquinia, VT, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Cetacei (CIRCE), V.le Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Marta Azzolin
- Gaia Research Institut Onlus, Corso Moncalieri 68B, Torino, Italy
| | - Lara Carosso
- Accademia del Leviatano, V.le dell'Astronomia 19, 00144, Roma, Italy; AMP Capo Carbonara, via Roma 60, Villasimius (CA), Italy
| | - Valentina Di Miccoli
- Tuscia University, Dept. of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Center (CISMAR), Borgo Le Saline, 01016 Tarquinia, VT, Italy; Accademia del Leviatano, V.le dell'Astronomia 19, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Giacoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Luperini
- Accademia del Leviatano, V.le dell'Astronomia 19, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Miriam Paraboschi
- Accademia del Leviatano, V.le dell'Astronomia 19, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Martina Ramazio
- Accademia del Leviatano, V.le dell'Astronomia 19, 00144, Roma, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Crosti
- MATTM, Waste Directorate, Via C. Colombo 44, Rome, Italy
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24
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Campana I, Angeletti D, Crosti R, Di Miccoli V, Arcangeli A. Seasonal patterns of floating macro-litter across the Western Mediterranean Sea: a potential threat for cetacean species. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Frère L, Paul-Pont I, Rinnert E, Petton S, Jaffré J, Bihannic I, Soudant P, Lambert C, Huvet A. Influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the composition, concentration and spatial distribution of microplastics: A case study of the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:211-222. [PMID: 28371735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and spatial distribution of microplastics in the Bay of Brest (Brittany, France) was investigated in two surveys. Surface water and sediment were sampled at nine locations in areas characterized by contrasting anthropic pressures, riverine influences or water mixing. Microplastics were categorized by their polymer type and size class. Microplastic contamination in surface water and sediment was dominated by polyethylene fragments (PE, 53-67%) followed by polypropylene (PP, 16-30%) and polystyrene (PS, 16-17%) microparticles. The presence of buoyant microplastics (PE, PP and PS) in sediment suggests the existence of physical and/or biological processes leading to vertical transfer of lightweight microplastics in the bay. In sediment (upper 5 cm), the percentage of particles identified by Raman micro-spectroscopy was lower (41%) than in surface water (79%) and may explain the apparent low concentration observed in this matrix (0.97 ± 2.08 MP kg-1 dry sediment). Mean microplastic concentration was 0.24 ± 0.35 MP m-3 in surface water. We suggest that the observed spatial MP distribution is related to proximity to urbanized areas and to hydrodynamics in the bay. A particle dispersal model was used to study the influence of hydrodynamics on surface microplastic distribution. The outputs of the model showed the presence of a transitional convergence zone in the centre of the bay during flood tide, where floating debris coming from the northern and southern parts of the bay tends to accumulate before being expelled from the bay. Further modelling work and observations integrating (i) the complex vertical motion of microplastics, and (ii) their point sources is required to better understand the fate of microplastics in such a complex coastal ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frère
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - I Paul-Pont
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - E Rinnert
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Détection, Capteurs et Mesures, Centre de Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - S Petton
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - J Jaffré
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - I Bihannic
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - P Soudant
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - C Lambert
- LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - A Huvet
- Ifremer, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, ZI de la Pointe du Diable, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
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