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Tzempelikou E, Parinos C, Zeri C, Hatzianestis I, Abualnaja Y, Hoteit I, Plakidi E, Chourdaki S, Iliakis S, Papadopoulos VP, Pavlidou A. Pollution status determination using trace metals and organic contaminants of the water column in coastal areas of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba: A baseline assessment. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115379. [PMID: 37567128 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we aim to provide a baseline assessment of the pollution status of the water column in coastal areas of Saudi Arabia (Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba), using trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in seawater samples obtained from 71 sampling stations in June-July 2021. Concerning trace metals, the maximum concentrations for Co, Cu and Ni were detected in Al-Shuqaiq, whereas the highest Pb and Zn concentrations were found in the Jeddah lagoon waters. Elevated concentrations of TPHs and the highest sum of PAHs were recorded in surface waters of Al Lith, Jeddah lagoon and Jeddah Mena. Overall, the concentrations of all trace metals, TPHs and individual PAHs for which environmental standards have been stipulated for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia fall well below the threshold values.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tzempelikou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - C Parinos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece.
| | - C Zeri
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - I Hatzianestis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Y Abualnaja
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - I Hoteit
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Plakidi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - S Chourdaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - S Iliakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - V P Papadopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - A Pavlidou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio ave., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
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Cadiou JF, Gerigny O, Koren Š, Zeri C, Kaberi H, Alomar C, Panti C, Fossi MC, Adamopoulou A, Digka N, Deudero S, Concato M, Carbonell A, Baini M, Galli M, Galgani F. Lessons learned from an intercalibration exercise on the quantification and characterisation of microplastic particles in sediment and water samples. Mar Pollut Bull 2020; 154:111097. [PMID: 32319923 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An intercalibration exercise on the characterisation of microplastics in marine sediment and water samples was carried out among five laboratories involved in the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in their country. The samples were prepared by mixing cleaned natural sediment and sea water with microplastics sets made of particles of various polymers, shapes and colours. Overall, the errors on total counts were under 25% in absolute value. The risk of non-detection and loss of particles is greater than the risk of contamination during sample analysis. Significant differences are observed among particle types. It appears difficult to obtain reliable and comparable data on the colour of microplastics. A comparison of the errors with regards to the protocols used led to recommend NaCl [1.2 g/cm3] density separation for sediment and one filtering step (200 μm). The operators' experience appears as a key factor for the quality of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-F Cadiou
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Zone Portuaire de Bregaillon CS 20 330, La Seyne-sur-Mer 83507, France.
| | - O Gerigny
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Zone Portuaire de Bregaillon CS 20 330, La Seyne-sur-Mer 83507, France
| | - Š Koren
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Dunajska cesta 156, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - C Zeri
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - H Kaberi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - C Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Panti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M C Fossi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A Adamopoulou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - N Digka
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Attica, Greece
| | - S Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Concato
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - A Carbonell
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Baini
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Galli
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - F Galgani
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), Zone Portuaire de Bregaillon CS 20 330, La Seyne-sur-Mer 83507, France
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Zeri C, Adamopoulou A, Bojanić Varezić D, Fortibuoni T, Kovač Viršek M, Kržan A, Mandic M, Mazziotti C, Palatinus A, Peterlin M, Prvan M, Ronchi F, Siljic J, Tutman P, Vlachogianni T. Floating plastics in Adriatic waters (Mediterranean Sea): From the macro- to the micro-scale. Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 136:341-350. [PMID: 30509816 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Macro- and microplastics abundances were determined in the Adriatic Sea following the MSFD TG10 protocol. The studied areas included populated gulfs, river outlets and offshore waters in five Adriatic countries. The use of small ships enabled us to detect small sized plastics (2.5-5 cm) and record average macroplastics densities of 251 ± 601 items km-2, one order of magnitude higher than previously considered. Results from manta net tows for microplastics revealed an average abundance of 315,009 ± 568,578 items km-2 (217 ± 575 g km-2). We found significantly higher microplastics abundances in nearshore (≤4 km) than in offshore waters (>4 km) and this trend seems to affect also the small sized macro plastic fragments (2.5-5 cm). The dominant polymers were polyethylene and polypropylene while the presence of some rare polymers and waxes used in food and dentistry indicated waste water treatment plants as potential sources of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zeri
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Greece.
| | | | | | - T Fortibuoni
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Italy; National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Italy
| | - M Kovač Viršek
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Slovenia
| | - A Kržan
- National Institute of Chemistry (NIC), Slovenia
| | - M Mandic
- Institute of Marine Biology (IMBK), Montenegro
| | - C Mazziotti
- Regional Agency for Environmental Prevention and Energy in the Emilia-Romagna region (ARPAE), Italy
| | - A Palatinus
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Slovenia
| | - M Peterlin
- Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia (IWRS), Slovenia
| | - M Prvan
- WWF Adria, Zelinska 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Ronchi
- Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Italy
| | - J Siljic
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (IOF), Croatia
| | - P Tutman
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (IOF), Croatia
| | - Th Vlachogianni
- Mediterranean Information Office for Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development (MIO-ECSDE), Greece
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Ioakeimidis C, Fotopoulou KN, Karapanagioti HK, Geraga M, Zeri C, Papathanassiou E, Galgani F, Papatheodorou G. The degradation potential of PET bottles in the marine environment: An ATR-FTIR based approach. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23501. [PMID: 27000994 PMCID: PMC4802224 DOI: 10.1038/srep23501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dominance and persistence of plastic debris in the marine environment are well documented. No information exists in respect to their lifespan in the marine environment. Nevertheless, the degradation potential of plastic litter items remains a critical issue for marine litter research. In the present study, polyethylene terephthalate bottles (PETs) collected from the submarine environment were characterized using ATR-FTIR in respect to their degradation potential attributed to environmental conditions. A temporal indication was used as indicative to the years of presence of the PETs in the environment as debris. PETs seem to remain robust for approximately fifteen years. Afterwards, a significant decrease of the native functional groups was recorded; some even disappear; or new-not typical for PETs-are created. At a later stage, using the PET time series collected from the Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea–E. Mediterranean), it was possible to date bottles that were collected from the bottom of the Ionian Sea (W. Greece). It is the first time that such a study has been conducted with samples that were actually degraded in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ioakeimidis
- Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.,Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - K N Fotopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | | | - M Geraga
- Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
| | - C Zeri
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - E Papathanassiou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - F Galgani
- Departement Océanographie et Dynamique des Ecosystemes, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Bastia, Corsica, France
| | - G Papatheodorou
- Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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Ioakeimidis C, Zeri C, Kaberi H, Galatchi M, Antoniadis K, Streftaris N, Galgani F, Papathanassiou E, Papatheodorou G. A comparative study of marine litter on the seafloor of coastal areas in the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Seas. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 89:296-304. [PMID: 25440189 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, abundance, spatial distribution and qualitative composition, of benthic marine litter, were investigated in five study areas from the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Seas (Saronikos, Patras and Echinades Gulfs; Limassol Gulf; Constanta Bay). Surveys were performed using the monitoring protocol proposed by the Technical Group for Marine Litter. Densities ranged from 24items/km(2) to 1211items/km(2), with the Saronikos Gulf being the most affected area. Plastics were predominant in all study areas ranging from 45.2% to 95%. Metals and Glass/Ceramics reached maximum values of 21.9% and of 22.4%. The size distribution of litter items showed that ⩾50% fall into medium size categories (10×10cm, 20×20cm) along with an elevated percentage of small-sized (<5×5cm) plastic litter items. The comparative analysis of the data highlighted the dependence of the marine litter problem on many local factors (human sources and oceanographic conditions) and the urgent need for specific actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ioakeimidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece; Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - C Zeri
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - H Kaberi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - M Galatchi
- National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa" Constanta Romania, Blvd Mamaia No. 300, Constanta 3, RO-900581, Romania
| | - K Antoniadis
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Research, Marine Environmental Division, 1416 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - N Streftaris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - F Galgani
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, LER/PAC/Corse, Imm. Agostini, ZI Furiani, 20600 Bastia, France
| | - E Papathanassiou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - G Papatheodorou
- Laboratory of Marine Geology and Physical Oceanography, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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Paraskevopoulou V, Zeri C, Kaberi H, Chalkiadaki O, Krasakopoulou E, Dassenakis M, Scoullos M. Trace metal variability, background levels and pollution status assessment in line with the water framework and Marine Strategy Framework EU Directives in the waters of a heavily impacted Mediterranean Gulf. Mar Pollut Bull 2014; 87:323-337. [PMID: 25113102 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to assess trace metal pollution status (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the waters of Saronikos Gulf, Greece, in line with the WFD and MSFD European Directives, based on data collected over a decade (2000-2010). Dissolved metal background levels are estimated for the first time for Greek marine waters and the upper limits are: Cd: 0.574 nmol L(-1); Cu: 8.26 nmol L(-1); Ni: 7.94 nmol L(-1); Pb: 2.60 nmol L(-1); Zn: 115 nmol L(-1). The variability of dissolved and particulate metals reflected the presence of several point sources and revealed the importance of natural mechanisms acting as non-point sources. The status of Saronikos Gulf is classified as 'High' for most metals studied. An exception to this is the enclosed Elefsis Bay where Cu, Ni and Zn concentrations are found above background. Our work will assist the implementation of WFD and MSFD directives in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Paraskevopoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopoli Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece.
| | - C Zeri
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 47 km Athinon-Souniou ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - H Kaberi
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 47 km Athinon-Souniou ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - O Chalkiadaki
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopoli Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - E Krasakopoulou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 47 km Athinon-Souniou ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Greece
| | - M Dassenakis
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopoli Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - M Scoullos
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopoli Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
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Katharios P, Papadaki M, Ternengo S, Kantham PK, Zeri C, Petraki PE, Divanach P. Chronic ulcerative dermatopathy in cultured marine fishes. Comparative study in sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 2011; 34:459-474. [PMID: 21545440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ulcerative dermatopathy (CUD) also known as chronic erosive dermatopathy, hole-in-the-head, head and lateral line erosion syndrome (HLLE) and lateral line depigmentation (LLD) is a chronic disease of unknown aetiology that affects the lateral line canals of the head and the trunk of various fish species. It has been described only in freshwater species although there are reports that it also affects marine fish. Here, we describe the disease in cultured sharpsnout sea bream using histology and scanning electron microscopy and identify several marine species as CUD sensitive. The results of this study correlate the development of the disease with the use of borehole water, indicating that the aetiology is probably associated with water quality rather than nutritional imbalance or infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Katharios
- Institute of Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Crete, Greece.
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