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Birch G. Review and assessment of road-derived metals as a major contributor of metallic contaminants to urban stormwater and the estuarine environment (Sydney estuary, Australia). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133096. [PMID: 38061125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sydney Harbour (Australia). is one of the most metal-contaminated in the world and sediments are toxic over large areas. The major source of metals is stormwater, however there remains considerable debate regarding the source of metals in water entering the estuary. The current review and critical assessment of a large source of data accumulated from over three decades of research, supplemented by global studies, identified road-derived metals (RDMs) as the chief contributor of metals to stormwater and consequently to pollution of the estuary. Roads comprise almost 25% of a typical urban catchment and generate a considerable metal load from highly effective impervious surfaces and RDM is transported directly to the adjacent receiving basin with enhanced connectivity. In Sydney, industrial waste is delivered to the sewage system and is disposed of offshore, leaving RDM as a major contributor of metals to the stormwater system and estuarine environment. RDMs are modelled to be hazardous to the ecology and human health (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases) in the catchment environment driven by high metal concentrations, small size and elevated bioavailability. Remediation of RDMs is complex, requiring extensive knowledge and an experienced management team. The enormous potential for water re-use is often neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, NSW 2006, Australia.
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2
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Zhang Y, Xie M, Spadaro DM, Simpson SL. Improving toxicity prediction of metal-contaminated sediments by incorporating sediment properties. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122708. [PMID: 37806427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
For the purpose of sediment quality assessment, the prediction of toxicity risk-levels for aquatic organisms based on simple environmental measurements is desirable. One commonly used approach is the comparison of total contaminant concentrations with corresponding water and sediment quality guideline values, serving as a Line of Evidence (LoE) based on chemistry-toxicity effects relationships. However, the accuracy of toxicity predictions can be improved by considering the factors that modify contaminant bioavailability. In this study we used paired chemistry-ecotoxicity data sets for sediments to evaluate the improvement in toxicity risk predictions using bioavailability-modified guidelines. The sediments were predominantly contaminated with metals, and measurements of sediment particle size, total organic carbon (TOC) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) were used to modify hazard quotients (HQ). To further assess the predictive efficacy of the bioavailability-modified guideline models, sediments with differing contamination levels were tested for toxicity to a benthic amphipod's reproduction. To account for differences between laboratory exposure and field exposure scenarios, where the latter creates greater dilution, both static-renewal and flow-through test procedures were employed, and flow-through resulted in lower dissolved metal concentrations in the overlying waters. We also investigated how lower AVS concentration by oxidation modified the toxicity. This study reaffirmed that consideration of factors that influence contaminant bioavailability improves toxicity risk predictions, however the improvements may be modest. The sediment particle size data had the greatest influence on the modified HQ, indicating that higher percentage of fine particle size (<63 μm) contributed most to a lower predicted toxicity. The comparison of the static-renewal and flow-through test results continue to raise important questions about the relevance of static or static-renewal toxicity test results for risk assessment decisions, as both these test designs may cause unrealistically high contributions of dissolved metals in overlying waters to toxicity. Overall, this study underscores the value of incorporating outcomes from simple and routine sediment analysis (e.g., particle size, TOC, and consideration of AVS) to enhance the predictive efficacy of toxicity risk assessments in the context of sediment quality risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- CSIRO Environment, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Minwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | | | - Stuart L Simpson
- CSIRO Environment, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia; Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Birch GF, Wang X, Liu E, Laidlaw M. Similarity in human health risk assessment using models of soil-blood lead levels (IEUBK) and non-carcinogenic condition (US EPA 2002). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165512. [PMID: 37442470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil lead (Pb) concentrations in Sydney estuary (Australia) catchment are substantially elevated and strongly associated with traffic networks. This study compared the health risk predictions of blood Pb levels (BLL) in children using the soil IEUBK model and an independent, non-carcinogenic human health risk (NCR) assessment using the soil US EPA 2002 model. The predictions by the two models were significantly correlated (p < 0.001) and showed similar spatial distributions, but the NCR model may be more stringent in protection of human health when exposed to soil Pb in relation to adverse health effect, as the warning soil Pb concentration from the BLL was 4.6-fold higher than that from the NCR. The empirical IEUBK model considers gastric phase adsorption only and of the three exposure pathways (ingestion, inhalation and dermal) assessed by the theoretical NCR model, ingestion was the major exposure route. The reason for the similarity in outcomes of the two models is unknown, however the close correlation may be due to broadly similar formulations and, or that neurological and non-carcinogenic risks may be related to the adverse effects of Pb on bodily function. Parallel studies of human health risk based on BLL and NCR models have not been attempted previously and this opportunity to compare results from the two health risk assessments employing the same soil metal data is therefore unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin F Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250358, PR China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, NSW 2006, Australia; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250358, PR China
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Briones-Venegas A, Ponce-Vélez G, Elías-García VG, Botello AV. Organochlorine contaminants in sediments and factors influencing their distribution in the natural marine protected area in the gulf of Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139781. [PMID: 37567268 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in marine sediments of a natural marine protected area (NMPA), Veracruz Reef System (VRS), in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). This NMPA represents one of the first coastal sites with port activity in Mexico, which causes a range of human activities that require adequate planning so as not to impact and destroy this marine protected area; In this sense, this work represents the first effort aimed at diagnosing the presence of organochlorine contaminants in reef sediments from the mainland, both from the adjacent port area and from more distant regions with dominant agricultural activities that ultimately affect this NMPA. Content of organic matter (OM), carbonates and grain-size composition were determined to investigate their influence on compounds distribution in the sediment through multivariate analysis. The potential risk represented by organochlorines concentrations was evaluated taking as reference Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). Levels of ∑PCBs, ∑DDTs, ∑HCHs and ∑Cyclodienes ranged from 11.59 to 29.79, < 0.01 to 34.11, 22.10 to 102.80, and 17.21-104.45 ng g-1 dry weight (DW), respectively. The statistical analysis revealed that the content of mud and organic matter were the parameters that might influence PCBs distribution in the sediment while OCPs could be influenced by sand and carbonate. The theoretical risk assessment estimated with the results obtained showed that concentrations of lindane, endrin, dieldrin and p,p'-DDT could have an adverse effect on the reef benthic community and continued monitoring is required. The data obtained on the organochlorine contaminants (OCs) considered in this work will contribute to support the strategies proposed by the Mexican federal government entity to continue with the conservation and surveillance of this NMPA and thereby guarantee the least impact derived mainly from port and related agricultural activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Briones-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Guadalupe Ponce-Vélez
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Gabriel Elías-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Alfonso V Botello
- Laboratorio de Contaminación Marina, Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior S/n, Cd. Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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Ben-Haddad M, Abelouah MR, Hajji S, Bergayou H, Rangel-Buitrago N, Alla AA. Comparative study of pristine and polluted estuaries in Souss Massa National Park (Morocco): Implications for conservation strategies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115053. [PMID: 37210989 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries are among the ecosystems most affected by human actions worldwide. Economic development in Morocco puts pressure on these aquatic systems, making them vulnerable. This study compares the state of benthic communities between a pristine estuary (Massa estuary) and a polluted one (Souss estuary). Both ecosystems belong to the Souss Massa National Park (SMNP), registered in the Ramsar list for its ecological importance as a Marine Protected Area (MPA). Twenty-one benthic species were identified in the pristine estuary, but only six species in the polluted one. Similar differences were detected for the species abundance and biomass. The total organic matter and the water-dissolved oxygen also revealed a notable negative effect of the sewage discharge. The results confirmed human disturbances on faunal communities related to direct wastewater inputs and indirect anthropogenic activities such as the urbanization and the litter generation. A combination of ending wastewater discharge and adding tertiary-level water treatment plants is recommended. The findings highlight the importance of MPAs in conservation strategies if coupled with continuous surveillance of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ben-Haddad
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems, Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Rida Abelouah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems, Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Sara Hajji
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems, Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Hafida Bergayou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems, Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Nelson Rangel-Buitrago
- Programa de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad del Atlantico, Barranquilla, Atlantico, Colombia.
| | - Aicha Ait Alla
- Laboratory of Aquatic Systems, Marine and Continental Environments (AQUAMAR), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
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Bugnot AB, Dafforn KA, Erickson K, McGrath A, O'Connor WA, Gribben PE. Reintroducing a keystone bioturbator can facilitate microbial bioremediation in urban polluted sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121419. [PMID: 36906055 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental stressors have significantly reduced biodiversity and the capacity of remnant natural habitats to deliver ecosystem functions and services in urban areas. To mitigate these impacts and recover biodiversity and function, ecological restoration strategies are needed. While habitat restoration is proliferating in rural and peri-urban areas, strategies purposely designed to succeed under the environmental, social and political pressures of urban areas are lacking. Here, we propose that ecosystem health in marine urban areas can be improved by restoring biodiversity to the most dominant habitat, unvegetated sediments. We reintroduced a native ecosystem engineer, the sediment bioturbating worm Diopatra aciculata, and assessed their effects on microbial biodiversity and function. Results showed that worms can affect the diversity of microbes, but effects varied between locations. Worms caused shifts in microbial community composition and function at all locations. Specifically, the abundance of microbes capable of chlorophyll production (i.e. benthic microalgae) increased and the abundance of microbes capable of methane production decreased. Moreover, worms increased the abundances of microbes capable of denitrification in the site with lowest sediment oxygenation. Worms also affected microbes capable of degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toluene, although the direction of that effect was site-specific. This study provides evidence that a simple intervention such as the reintroduction of a single species can enhance sediment functions important for the amelioration of contamination and eutrophication, although further studies are needed to understand the variation in outcomes between sites. Nevertheless, restoration strategies targeting unvegetated sediments provide an opportunity to combat anthropogenic stressors in urban ecosystems and may be used for precondition before more traditional forms of habitat restoration such as seagrass, mangrove and shellfish restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Bugnot
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia.
| | - K A Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - K Erickson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - A McGrath
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - W A O'Connor
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Taylors Beach, 2316, Australia
| | - P E Gribben
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia; Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
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7
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Sun W, Niu X, Yin X, Duan Z, Xing L, Liu A, Ma Y, Gao P. Historical evolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution in Chaihe Reservoir from 1863 to 2018. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116944. [PMID: 36525734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) spreads and changes worldwide. The pollution evolution in the regional water environment evolves in response to multiple factors, requiring considerable attention. PAH heterogeneity in the sediment core from Chaihe Reservoir was investigated to indicate dynamic changes in PAH pollution levels and sources and propose recommendations for controlling PAHs. Dynamic PAH patterns showed that the overall decline in PAH pollution was in association with local anthropogenic activities, temperature, and precipitation over the period 1863-2018. Nevertheless, coal, oil, and natural gas consumptions still played significant roles in transferring PAHs to the reservoir. Meanwhile, there were dominant local origins, including grass, wood, and coal combustion. The results highlight that the joint action of natural and anthropogenic interventions mitigated PAH pollution in the reservoir. Promoting improved fuels, new energy vehicles, and cleaner energy may further lower PAH pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Sun
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Xianwei Yin
- Zibo Eco-environmental Monitoring Centre of Shandong Province, Zibo, 255049, China.
| | - Zhenhao Duan
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Liqi Xing
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Aiju Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Yanfei Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
| | - Peiling Gao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
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8
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Birch GF. A review and critical assessment of sedimentary metal indices used in determining the magnitude of anthropogenic change in coastal environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158129. [PMID: 36113803 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current critical review examines the application of 11 frequently used sedimentary metal indices in their ability to accurately assess the magnitude of human-induced change (enrichment) in the highly vulnerable and intensely developed coastal environment. The plethora and rapidly increasing number of sedimentary metal indices should, if not derived for special purposes, produce a consistent assessment on the basis that they use the same suite of metals and concentrations. Inconsistent numerical results produced by different index formulations should, when combined with their associated classification scheme, produce a common assessment of environmental condition. However, such a consistent outcome is seldom observed. Significant differences in assessment results are partly due to the historical evolution of indices and to the extraordinary diversity of background and reference values and materials being applied to account for pre-anthropogenic metal levels and confounding due to variable sediment characteristics. Size-normalised sample and background metal data used in the mCd and MEQ indices do not require reference values to account for textural variability and provide a quasi-direct measurement of enrichment with minimal computation (simple division). These priority indices should be combined into a single index (Enrichment Quotient, EQ). Results produced by the EF index were strongly correlated to mCd and MEQ and provide a similar classification and is recommended if normalised data are unavailable. Other indices assessed (MPI, PI, mPI, SEF, Igeo, PLI and Cf, original and current) provided a range of results, which either over- or under-estimated enrichment. The confusion concerning the choice and application of background and reference values in the assessment process is reviewed and their use in local and global assessment is clarified. Single- and combined-metal evaluations are recommended to provide detailed, local and more comprehensive assessments, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Sazykina M, Barabashin T, Konstantinova E, Al-Rammahi AAK, Pavlenko L, Khmelevtsova L, Karchava S, Klimova M, Mkhitaryan I, Khammami M, Sazykin I. Non-corresponding contaminants in marine surface sediments as a factor of ARGs spread in the Sea of Azov. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114196. [PMID: 36219972 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the level and total toxicity of the most common pollutants in surface sediments and assess their impact on the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Sea of Azov. Biotesting using the whole-cell bacterial lux-biosensors showed high integral toxicity of surface sediments and the presence of genotoxicants and substances that cause oxidative stress and protein damage. Using cluster analysis, it was shown that the distribution of pollutants in the Sea of Azov depends on the type of surface sediments. The relative abundance and distribution of 14 ARGs in surface sediments were shown. Principle component analyses results suggest that non-corresponding contaminants do not exert direct influence on the ARGs abundance in the surface sediments of the Sea of Azov. Thus, the need to investigate the significance of non-corresponding pollutants in the selection and distribution of ARGs in the aquatic environment remains a pressing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sazykina
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation.
| | - Timofey Barabashin
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation; Azov-Black Sea Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 21v Beregovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Liliya Pavlenko
- Azov-Black Sea Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 21v Beregovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila Khmelevtsova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Shorena Karchava
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Klimova
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Mkhitaryan
- Azov-Black Sea Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 21v Beregovaya St., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita Khammami
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan Sazykin
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
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Passos T, Penny D, Barcellos R, Nandan SB, Babu DSS, Santos IR, Sanders CJ. Increasing carbon, nutrient and trace metal accumulation driven by development in a mangrove estuary in south Asia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:154900. [PMID: 35367545 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests sequester organic carbon, nutrients and toxic metals sorbed to fine sediment, and thus restrict the mobility of pollutants through estuarine environments. However, mangrove removal and environmental degradation caused by industrial activity and urban growth can impact the ability of mangrove communities to provide these critical ecosystem services. Here, we use sediment profiles from an impacted tropical estuary in southwest India to provide a c. 70-year record of carbon, nutrient and trace metal burial in the context of rapid urban development and the systemic removal of mangrove communities. Our results show that carbon and nutrient accumulation rates increase sharply during the 1990's in accordance with the high rates of deforestation. Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation rates increased fourfold and twofold, respectively, during the same period. Organic carbon accumulation was fivefold higher than the global average during this period, reflecting intense deforestation during the last three decades. The enrichment of Hg, Zn, Pb, Mo, Ni, Cu and Mn demonstrate clear anthropogenic impact starting in the 1950's and peaking in 1990. Mercury, the trace metal with the highest enrichment factor, increased sevenfold in the most recent sediments due to increased fossil fuel emissions, untreated water and incineration of medical waste and/or fertilizers used in aquaculture. Organic carbon isotope (δ13C) and C:N molar ratios indicate shifts to more terrestrial-derived source of organic matter in the most recent sediments reflecting growing deforestation of which may be prevalent in southeast Asia due to increasing development. This study emphasizes the critical role played by mangrove ecosystems in attenuating anthropogenically-derived pollutants, including carbon sequestration, and reveals the long-term consequences of mangrove deforestation in the context of rapidly developing economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Passos
- The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Dan Penny
- The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Roberto Barcellos
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - S Bijoy Nandan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi-16, Kerala, India
| | - D S Suresh Babu
- National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Thiruvananthapuram 695031, India
| | - Isaac R Santos
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2540, Australia
| | - Christian J Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2540, Australia
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11
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Roe RAL, MacFarlane GR. The potential of saltmarsh halophytes for phytoremediation of metals and persistent organic pollutants: An Australian perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113811. [PMID: 35667258 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic and inorganic pollutants are among the most concerning pollutants in Australian estuaries due to their persistent, ubiquitous, and potentially toxic nature. Traditional methods of soil remediation often fall short of practical implementation due to high monetary investment, environmental disturbance, and potential for re-contamination. Phytoremediation is gaining traction as an alternative, or synergistic mechanism of contaminated soil remediation. Phytoremediation utilises plants and associated rhizospheric microorganisms to stabilise, degrade, transform, or remove xenobiotics from contaminated mediums. Due to their apparent cross-tolerance to salt, metals, and organic contaminants, halophytes have shown promise as phytoremediation species. This review examines the potential of 93 species of Australian saltmarsh halophytes for xenobiotic phytoremediation. Considerations for the practical application of phytoremediation in Australia are discussed, including mechanisms of enhancement, and methods of harvesting and disposal. Knowledge gaps for the implementation of phytoremediation in Australian saline environments are identified, and areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A L Roe
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia.
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12
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Wang X, Birch GF, Liu E. Traffic emission dominates the spatial variations of metal contamination and ecological-health risks in urban park soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134155. [PMID: 35240153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metals in urban park soil are closely related to traffic emissions, which adversely affect soil quality and human health. However, little is known about the quantitative impacts of traffic on the spatial variations of metals in park soil after the banning of leaded gasoline. Herein, concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in surface soil of four recreational parks of Sydney (Ashfield, Robson, Lamberts and Leichhardt) were measured to evaluate their spatial characteristics in contamination, ecological and health risks and relationships with traffic emissions. Contamination of metals are assessed by contamination factor (CF). Normalized metal concentrations (<63 μm) in the park soil were 24-614, 23-3520 and 99-3060 mg kg-1 for Cu, Pb and Zn, respectively, and CFs ranged from 1.4 to 207, whose variations inter- and intra-parks were related to traffic volumes. Traffic emission accounted for 72-84% of metals contamination in soil of Ashfield, Robson and Lamberts by sites, whereas the values were 25-70% for Leichhardt due to the absence of a surrounding arterial road. In Ashfield and Robson Parks, metal concentrations from traffic decreased exponentially with distance from arterial roads. Metals in Lamberts Park and in areas near arterial roads in Ashfield and Robson Parks may raise ecological risk, and traffic sources contributed to 61-81% of the risk. The ranges of ecological risk zones away from arterial roads and average daily traffic volumes showed an exponential relationship. Copper and Zn in soil of the four parks have no non-carcinogenic health risk for children and adults, and Pb has negligible health risk for adults. Lead in Lamberts Park and in sites near arterial roads of Ashfield and Robson Parks may raise non-carcinogenic risk for children (HI > 1) due to traffic emissions. These results emphasize the remarkable influence of traffic emissions on urban soil metal, which can be predicated quantitatively by traffic volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, PR China
| | - Gavin F Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Enfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, PR China; Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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13
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Bugnot AB, Gribben PE, O'Connor WA, Erickson K, Coleman RA, Dafforn KA. Below‐ground ecosystem engineers enhance biodiversity and function in a polluted ecosystem. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Bugnot
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman NSW Australia
| | - Paul E. Gribben
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman NSW Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Wayne A. O'Connor
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries NSW Australia
| | - Katherine Erickson
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ross A. Coleman
- Sydney School of Architecture Design and Planning, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Katherine A. Dafforn
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science Mosman NSW Australia
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde NSW Australia
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14
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Passos T, Sanders CJ, Barcellos R, Penny D. Assessment of the temporal retention of mercury and nutrient records within the mangrove sediments of a highly impacted estuary. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112569. [PMID: 34932983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are dynamic and biodiverse environments with the capacity to sequester more organic carbon per unit area, per time, than terrestrial forests, yet are among one of the most heavily degraded ecosystems on Earth. Here, we quantify trace metal, nutrient and carbon accumulation rates in a tropical mangrove environment in northeast Brazil, a region that has been rapidly developed over the past seven decades. Carbon accumulation rate results show modest or no increase since the 1950's, when major development occurred in the region. Organic carbon isotope (δ13C) and C:N molar ratios indicate that the OM is primarily derived from autochthonous C3 plant sources. However, the most recent sediments revealed changes from terrestrial to alga-derived source of OM, which is consistent with the increase of total nitrogen, δ15N and total phosphorous content in the last seven decades, suggesting anthropogenic impact. Furthermore, the Hg enrichment factor (EF) in mangrove sediments is shown to have increased 13-fold since the 1960's, highlighting the ability of tropical mangrove systems in trap filtering pollutants from proximal urban development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Passos
- The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Christian J Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2540, Australia
| | - Roberto Barcellos
- Oceanography Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dan Penny
- The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences, NSW, 2006, Australia
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15
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Yüksel B, Ustaoğlu F, Tokatli C, Islam MS. Ecotoxicological risk assessment for sediments of Çavuşlu stream in Giresun, Turkey: association between garbage disposal facility and metallic accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:17223-17240. [PMID: 34661839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to stress the possible potential toxic element (PTE) accumulation in the surface sediments of the Çavuşlu Stream (ÇS), as well as examining the source identification of whether or not any association between garbage disposal facility (GDF) and ecotoxicity or human health risk in Giresun, Turkey. The sediment specimens were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) followed by microwave digestion. The descending order of metals (mg/kg) in sediments were as follows: Fe (38,791 ± 3269) > Al (27,753 ± 4051) > Mn (730.90 ± 114.60) > Cr (233.39 ± 53.32) > V (176.40 ± 19.66) > Cu (85.22 ± 6.06) > Ni (72.87 ± 11.50) > Zn (46.45 ± 3.68) > Co (21.96 ± 3.33) > Pb (12.17 ± 1.97) > As (3.12 ± 1.45) > Sb (0.22 ± 0.06) > Cd (0.17 ± 0.02) > Hg (0.04 ± 0.01). Among these elements, certain metals (V, Cr, Cu, and Ni) in the sediments were above the average shale. Cr and Ni levels were above their corresponding threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL) values while Cu concentration exceeding its TEL, indicating that benthic organisms in the sediment of ÇS have likely toxic responses. Based on the results from contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), and geo-accumulation factor (Igeo) values of PTEs, the sediment was frequently classified into moderate contamination, moderate enrichment, and unpolluted to moderately polluted group. Pollution load index (PLI), integrated pollution index (IPI), and ecological risk index (Eri) indicated low pollution or low potential ecological risk. Toxicity risk index (TRI) and toxic unit analysis (TUs) suggested moderate toxicity. The outcomes of hazard quotient (HQ), total hazard index (THI), and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) stressed out that PTEs would not pose a significant health risk when adults are exposed to sediments in ÇS. However, a non-cancerogenic health risk for children was considered as the collective effect of 14 PTE (THI = 1.47 > 1). Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA)) outlined that the metallic accumulation in the sediments of ÇS was related to lithological, geological, and anthropogenic impacts. Therefore, the GDF is likely a major reason in terms of anthropogenic pollution in the sediments of the ÇS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayram Yüksel
- Department of Property Protection and Security, Giresun University, Espiye, 28600, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Fikret Ustaoğlu
- Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Cem Tokatli
- Department of Laboratory Technology, Evrenos Gazi Campus, Trakya University, İpsala, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh.
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16
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Birch GF, Lee JH, Gunns T, Besley CH. Unusually high sedimentary metal concentrations in intermittently closed and open lakes and lagoons (ICOLLs) in the northern lagoons of Sydney (Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112851. [PMID: 34411956 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environmental status of three Intermittently Closed and Open Lakes and Lagoons (ICOLLs) (Manly, Curl Curl and Dee Why Lagoons) in northern Sydney (Australia) were assessed using sedimentary metals. Results identified the highest sedimentary metal enrichment in the Australian central east coast estuaries, with only a moderate ecological risk. A comparison with surficial sediment concentrations from 1996 to 2008 indicated declining metal concentrations, which is largely supported by subsurface metals data. Extensive low-lying areas of the catchments were historically reclaimed by infilling wetlands, which may have resulted in contaminated groundwater influx to the lagoons. An analysis of the sedimentary metals mix in lagoons surrounded by extensive infilling and estuaries with minor reclamation were statistically distinct. ICOLLs are environmentally sensitive due to large catchment/estuary ratios and restricted access to the ocean. A full set of baseline data is provided to support future monitoring of anthropogenic impacts on the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - J-H Lee
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Lotsearch, Milsons Point, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Gunns
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C H Besley
- Monitoring, Design and Reporting, Customer Delivery, Sydney Water, NSW 2143, Australia
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17
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Besley CH, Birch GF. Comparison of mangrove (Avicennia marina) metal tissue concentrations to ambient sediment with an extensive range of contaminant levels in a highly-modified estuary (Sydney estuary, Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112680. [PMID: 34265551 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Statistically distinct 'high', 'moderate' and 'low' metal contamination positions were distinguished across five Sydney estuary embayments for total sedimentary metal concentrations of Ni, Pb and Zn. While statistically distinct total sedimentary As, Cd, Co and Cu concentrations were indicated for the 'low' position samples. Mangrove (Avicennia marina) pneumatophore tissue metal concentrations from 'high' position trees were statistically distinct for Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn, while root tissue samples from 'low' position trees were statistically distinct for As, Cd and Zn. Outcomes from CAP, simple linear regression and DISTLM modelling indicated sedimentary metals were predominantly assimilated into mangrove root tissue, with smaller uptake into pneumatophore tissue. A comparison of floristic tissue metal concentrations indicated mangrove (A. marina) root tissue assimilated higher sedimentary metal concentrations than leaf and root tissue of seagrasses (Zostera capricorni and Halophila ovalis), which had relatively higher metal concentrations than those from pneumatophore and leaf mangrove tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Besley
- Monitoring, Design and Reporting, Sydney Water, 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW 2150, Australia.
| | - G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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18
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Chakraborty TK, Hossain MR, Ghosh GC, Ghosh P, Sadik A, Habib A, Zaman S, Enamul Kabir AHM, Khan AS, Rahman MM. Distribution, source identification and potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediments of the Mongla port area, Bangladesh. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1942065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapos Kumar Chakraborty
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ripon Hossain
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Gopal Chandra Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Prianka Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Arifus Sadik
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Samina Zaman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - A. H. M. Enamul Kabir
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Shamim Khan
- Environmental Laboratory, Asia Arsenic Network, Arsenic Center, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mizanur Rahman
- Environmental Laboratory, Asia Arsenic Network, Arsenic Center, Jashore, Bangladesh
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19
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Xie M, Simpson SL, Huang J, Teasdale PR, Wang WX. In Situ DGT Sensing of Bioavailable Metal Fluxes to Improve Toxicity Predictions for Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7355-7364. [PMID: 33973770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increased risk of adverse biological effects of metals in sediments may be accompanied by high labile metal fluxes as measured by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique. To improve the usefulness of the DGT technique for sediment quality risk assessments, we used the simpler and more cost-effective piston DGTs rather than planar DGT probes to measure bioavailable metal fluxes in naturally contaminated sediments with widely varying composition (properties, metals and concentrations) and assessed their prediction of toxicity to amphipod reproduction in a flow-through microcosm. DGT pistons were deployed in sediments under different conditions, both in the field (in situ) and in the laboratory in sediment cores (lab-equilibrated) and in homogenized sediments (lab-homogenized). We demonstrated that the metal flux toxic units, DGTTU, measured in situ best predicted the magnitude of toxicity to amphipod reproduction. For sediments that had been highly disturbed before testing, DGTTU were less predictive for observed toxicity, but the copper flux alone (DGTTU-Cu) was effective, indicating copper was the primary cause of toxicity in these highly perturbed sediments. Overall, our study highlighted that the adverse effects induced by excessive bioavailable metals in contaminated sediments can be consistently sensed by the DGT pistons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Sydney, New South Wales 2234, Australia
- Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianyin Huang
- Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), STEM, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Makes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Peter R Teasdale
- Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), STEM, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Makes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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20
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Lao Q, Liu G, Zhou X, Chen F, Zhang S. Sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) found in surface sediment from coastal areas of Beibu Gulf: A reflection on shipping activities and coastal industries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112318. [PMID: 33862382 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) was determined in the sediments of Beibu Gulf, a newly developing industry and port in South China, to evaluate whether the rapid development of coastal cities has accelerated the organic pollution in the region. The levels of PCBs and DDTs ranged from 1.17 to 8.00 ng g-1 and ND (not detected) to 3.82 ng g-1, respectively. The levels were higher in the east of Beibu Gulf than in the west, which influenced by the industrialisation and urbanisation in the east. Additionally, penta-PCBs were the dominant PCB congeners, which are related to shipping activities, and DDTs may have originated from the historical use of technical DDT. The levels of pp'-DDD and PCBs did not have the potential to cause ecological risks in Beibu Gulf; however, residues of DDTs were at relatively higher ecotoxicological levels, thereby having the potential to cause adverse biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Lao
- Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Beihai, State Oceanic Administration, Beihai 536000, China; College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Beihai, State Oceanic Administration, Beihai 536000, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Fajin Chen
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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21
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Passos T, Penny D, Sanders C, De França E, Oliveira T, Santos L, Barcellos R. Mangrove carbon and nutrient accumulation shifts driven by rapid development in a tropical estuarine system, northeast Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112219. [PMID: 33690084 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove environments are important for maintaining biodiversity and carbon cycling. However, these systems are being degraded at alarming rates around the world, particularly in rapidly developing regions. Here, we examine a sediment profile from a mangrove forest near a large port complex at Suape, northeast Brazil, in order to assess the impact of rapid urbanization and industrialization. We find that total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) accumulation rates have increased in the estuary since the 1980's, directly related to rapid urban development. The TN and heavy δ15N values in the sediment column suggest increasing anthropogenic influences. In contrast, heavy metal fluxes did not increase during these transitions. The increase in TOC and TN accumulation rates during the past four decades highlight the significant role mangrove areas play as sinks for anthropogenically enhanced nutrients in poorly-understood tropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Passos
- The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Dan Penny
- The University of Sydney, School of Geosciences, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Christian Sanders
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2540, Australia
| | | | - Thais Oliveira
- Departamento de Oceanografia Geológica, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos
- Departamento de Oceanografia Geológica, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
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22
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Yu Z, Liu E, Lin Q, Zhang E, Yang F, Wei C, Shen J. Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal pollution and ecological risk in lake sediment by combining total concentration and chemical partitioning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116212. [PMID: 33310492 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Total concentration and chemical partitioning of heavy metals are commonly used in environmental quality assessment; however, their comparability and comprehensive application are far less discussed. Herein, bioavailability, pollution and eco-risk of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface sediments of Erhai Lake were evaluated referring to multiple indices following the experimental methods of complete digestion, optimized Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) and 1.0 M HCl extractions. Results of bioavailability for most metals were similar and comparable from BCR and HCl extractions. While bioavailable concentrations of Cd and Pb from HCl extraction were significantly (p < 0.01) lower than those from BCR extraction, indicating BCR extraction is more efficient. Results of enrichment factor (EF) and concentration enrichment ratio (CER) suggested that Cd was the highest polluted element followed by As, Pb and Zn, whereas Cr, Cu and Ni were mainly natural in origin. Similar concentrations of anthropogenic As from EF and CER assessments indicated anthropogenic As mainly existed in bioavailable form. However, anthropogenic Cd, Pb and Zn existed in both bioavailable and residue forms, resulting in the underestimation of anthropogenic metals by the CER assessment. The sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), potential ecological risk index (Er) and risk assessment code (RAC) showed inconsistent eco-risks for each of the metals except Cd. Combining pollution level and chemical partitioning with SQGs, Er and RAC assessments, high eco-risk of Cd, moderate eco-risk of As and Pb, and low eco-risk of Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn were graded. Our study highlights the limitation of single index and the necessity of integrating multiple indices following total concentration and chemical partitioning in metal pollution and eco-risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250358, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Qi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Enlou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Ji Shen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
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23
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Birch GF, Lee JH, Gunns T. Baseline assessment of anthropogenic change and ecological risk of an estuary bordered by an urbanized catchment and a pristine national park (Port Hacking estuary, Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111822. [PMID: 33172620 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Port Hacking is a tide-dominated, drowned river valley at the southern edge of the Sydney conurbation (Australia) and is bordered by intense urbanization to the north and native bushland in the south. The current work provides a first-time, baseline evaluation of the magnitude of human-induced change and risk posed by sedimentary metals in Port Hacking and catchment. The estuary separates fluvial and estuarine sediment enriched in metals exhibiting moderate ecological risk from sediments with minimal anthropogenic change and no biological risk. A full set of baseline data is provided in support of new monitoring of recent and future anthropogenic impacts on the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - J-H Lee
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; lotsearch, Milsons Point, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Gunns
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Birch G, Lee JH. The use of sedimentary metal data in predictive modelling of estuarine contamination, assessment of environmental condition and pollutant source identification (Narrabeen Lagoon, Sydney, Australia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43685-43699. [PMID: 32740842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Narrabeen Lagoon is recognized as an Intermittently Closed and Open Lake or Lagoon (ICOLL) and is the largest coastal lagoon (2.2 km2) in the Sydney metropolitan region. The catchment (53 km2) supports five major river systems, and land use comprises of 56% residential, 42% parkland and 2% light industry, commercial, hospital and education. An initial screening environmental assessment was undertaken using sedimentary metals to determine the magnitude of anthropogenic change and level of ecological risk posed by these contaminants. Results illustrated an unusual example of an estuary significantly influenced by human-induced change, but exhibiting minimal ecological risk. This anomaly was due to high anthropogenic metal concentrations in the fine fraction of surficial sediment, which was considerably diluted by abundant metal-poor coarse material resulting in reduced adverse ecological impact for total sediment. Predictive modelling to 2020 suggested that Pb concentrations will decline and Cu and Zn levels will increase slightly. Modelling of river discharge and analyses of fluvial sedimentary metals suggested stormwater derived from the most urbanized catchments and a major roadway combined with poor flushing explained surficial sediment metal distributions in the lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jung-Ho Lee
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Lotsearch Pty Ltd, Milsons Point, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang Y, Spadaro DA, King JJ, Simpson SL. Improved prediction of sediment toxicity using a combination of sediment and overlying water contaminant exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115187. [PMID: 32668359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The choice of sediment quality assessment methodologies can strongly influence assessment outcomes and management decisions for contaminated sites. While in situ (field) methods may potentially provide greater realism, high costs and/or complex logistics often prevent their use and assessment must rely on laboratory-based methods. In this study, we utilised static-renewal and flow-through ecotoxicology tests in parallel on sediments with a wide range of properties and varying types and concentrations of contaminants. The prediction of chronic effects to amphipod reproduction was explored using multiple linear regression (MLR). The study confirmed the considerable over-estimation of the risk of toxicity of contaminated sediments in field locations when assessments rely on the results of laboratory-based static and static-renewal tests. Improved prediction of toxicity risks was achieved using a combination of contaminant exposure measures from sediment and overlying water. Existing sediment and water quality guideline values (GVs) were effective for predicting risks posed by sediments containing mixtures of common metal and organic contaminants. For 17 sediments with paired data sets from static-renewal and flow-through tests, the best prediction of toxicity to reproduction was achieved using a 2-parameter MLR that included hazard quotients for sediment contaminants and toxic units for dissolved metals (r2 = 0.892). The inclusion of particle size, organic carbon and acid-volatile sulfide did not improve toxicity predictions, despite these parameters being recognised as modifying contaminant bioavailability. The use of dilute-acid-extractable metal concentrations in place total recoverable metal concentrations did not improve the predictions. The study also confirmed that sediments existing within the estuarine and marine bays of Sydney Harbour pose significant risks of adverse effects to benthic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - David A Spadaro
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Josh J King
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia
| | - Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia; Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Simpson SL, Spadaro DA, Batley GE, Irvine IA, Synnot RN. Remediation criteria for gasworks-impacted sediments: Assessing the effects of legacy hydrocarbons and more recent metal contamination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139725. [PMID: 32783822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Historical contamination of sediments from industries that commenced before environmental regulations were commonplace is prevalent in many large cities. This contamination is frequently overlain and mixed with more recent urban contamination. The remediation of contaminated sites is often a very expensive exercise and the final remediation criteria often reflect a trade-off between protecting human and ecological health and the finances of those deemed responsible for the site clean-up. In this study, we describe an assessment of estuarine sediments impacted historically by contamination from a gasworks site. The major historical sediment contaminants included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other petroleum-related hydrocarbons (TRHs). Elevated concentrations of metals exist throughout the city region due to historical pollution and ongoing urban stormwater discharges. Equilibrium partitioning models were used to consider the influence on the bioavailability of PAHs of both natural sedimentary organic carbon and forms of black carbon (pyrogenic carbon - coal tars, charcoal). The strongest predictor of the observed sublethal toxicity to amphipod and copepod reproduction was a combination of total PAHs and metals (primarily Cu, Pb and Zn). Total PAHs was the strongest predicting variable for toxicity to organism survival. While high total PAH concentrations were attributed to the former gas works, high background concentrations of metals existed throughout much of this region of the estuary. Thus, without remediation at the estuary-scale, resuspension of the surrounding sediments by tidal currents and boat movements is predicted to re-contaminate remediated areas with sediments that may continue to cause chronic toxicity due to metals. The assessment indicated that remedial actions that remove or isolate sediments that caused toxicity to benthic organism survival would lead to significant improvements in ecosystem health, but toxicity to organism reproduction may remain at similar levels that exist throughout much of this region of the estuary due to high metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart L Simpson
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
| | - David A Spadaro
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Graeme E Batley
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Ian A Irvine
- Pollution Research Pty Ltd., 50 Darley Rd, North Dorrigo, NSW 2453, Australia
| | - Russell N Synnot
- Synnot and Wilkinson Pty Ltd., 172 Coach Rd, Strathbogie, VIC 3666, Australia
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27
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Varea R, Piovano S, Ferreira M. Knowledge gaps in ecotoxicology studies of marine environments in Pacific Island Countries and Territories - A systematic review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111264. [PMID: 32510405 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) are heavily dependent on the marine resources for food security, employment, government revenue and economic development, hence the concern about the potential exposure of these resources to pollutants. The main goal of this review was to identify ecotoxicology studies published that were done in PICTs. Four major gaps were identified: i) a quantitative gap, with low number of studies published on the PICTs; ii) a geographic gap, where ecotoxicology studies have unevenly covered the different PICTs; iii) a temporal gap, as no biological effect monitoring study has so far been published for the PICTs; and, iv) a pollutants gap, as all of the PICTs studies focused mainly on environmental monitoring studying on average two types of pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) per PICT only. We suggest, therefore, the potential risk to the marine environment to be estimated by assessing the fate of pollutants via chemical and biological effect monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufino Varea
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Susanna Piovano
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji
| | - Marta Ferreira
- School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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28
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Birch GF, Lee JH, Tanner E, Fortune J, Munksgaard N, Whitehead J, Coughanowr C, Agius J, Chrispijn J, Taylor U, Wells F, Bellas J, Besada V, Viñas L, Soares-Gomes A, Cordeiro RC, Machado W, Santelli RE, Vaughan M, Cameron M, Brooks P, Crowe T, Ponti M, Airoldi L, Guerra R, Puente A, Gómez AG, Zhou GJ, Leung KMY, Steinberg P. Sediment metal enrichment and ecological risk assessment of ten ports and estuaries in the World Harbours Project. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 155:111129. [PMID: 32469765 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ten global harbours were assessed for sediment quality by quantifying the magnitude of anthropogenic change and ecological risk. Anthropogenic change (enrichment) was high for Derwent River and Sydney estuary, moderate for Santander Harbour, Rio de Janeiro and Dublin Port, slight for Hong Kong, minimal for Darwin. All 10 enrichment indices used showed similar results. Derwent River sediment was rated at high ecological risk, followed by Sydney and Santander estuaries with moderate risk. Auckland and Darwin sediments exhibited minimal ecological risk and sediment in the remaining harbours (Dublin, Hong Kong, Ravenna, Ria de Vigo and Rio de Janeiro) were assessed at slight ecological risk. The extraordinary variety of environments and types/quantities/qualities of data investigated resulted in as much a critique and development of methodology, as an assessment of human impact, including unique techniques for elemental normalisation and contaminant classification. Recommendations for an improved technical framework for sediment quality assessment are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - J-H Lee
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Lotsearch, 3/68 Alfred Street, Milsons Point, NSW, 2061, Australia
| | - E Tanner
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - J Fortune
- Aquatic Health Unit, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - N Munksgaard
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods (RIEL), Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - J Whitehead
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - C Coughanowr
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Agius
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Chrispijn
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - U Taylor
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - F Wells
- Derwent River Program, DPIPWE, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - V Besada
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - L Viñas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, 36390, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - A Soares-Gomes
- Federal Fluminense University, Marine Biology Department, Valonguinho Campus, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R C Cordeiro
- Federal Fluminense University, Geochemistry Department, Valonguinho Campus, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - W Machado
- Federal Fluminense University, Geochemistry Department, Valonguinho Campus, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - R E Santelli
- Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Chemistry Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M Vaughan
- Research and evaluation unit, Auckland Council, New Zealand
| | - M Cameron
- Research and evaluation unit, Auckland Council, New Zealand
| | - P Brooks
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Crowe
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Ponti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - L Airoldi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - R Guerra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Interdepartmental Research Centre of Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - A Puente
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - A G Gómez
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - G J Zhou
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - K M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - P Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
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29
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Idowu O, Carbery M, O'Connor W, Thavamani P. Speciation and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in sediments of the largest salt water lake of Australia. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125779. [PMID: 31927372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Great ecological and human health risks may arise from the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments and particularly in sediments, where they often partition. In spite of the apparent risk, knowledge about PAHs and their polar derivatives in sediments is limited. We, therefore, carried out an assessment of the concentrations of parent PAHs and their derivatives (polar PAHs) in sediments of Lake Macquarie: the largest saltwater lake in the southern hemisphere. A total of 31 sediment samples along the pollution prone western shoreline of the estuary were analysed. Multiple source apportionment methods were used to investigate PAH sources contributing to parent and polar PAH concentrations in the estuarine sediments. Concentration levels were highest for high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs compared to low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs. The highest PAH concentrations were recorded for oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) compared to parent and other polar PAHs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diagnostic ratios and compositional analysis showed that PAHs in Lake Macquarie were predominantly pyrogenic exhibiting strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.972) with total PAH concentrations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified three groupings of PAHs with oxy-PAHs and NPAHs dominating (40.2%). Carbazole, a heterocyclic PAH, was also a prominent contributor to sediment PAH concentrations. Atmospheric deposition, coal combustion and vehicular emissions were implicated as the major contributors to sediment pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyoye Idowu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Maddison Carbery
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Wayne O'Connor
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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30
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Tang D, Liu X, He H, Cui Z, Gan H, Xia Z. Distribution, sources and ecological risks of organochlorine compounds (DDTs, HCHs and PCBs) in surface sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110942. [PMID: 32479303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pearl River Estuary is an important sink of organochlorine compounds (OCs), and OC pollution levels in surface sediments remain largely unknown at present. We collected and analysed residual DDTs, HCHs and PCBs of 45 surface sediments from the Pearl River Estuary in 2017. The values of DDTs (1.83 to 6.98 ng·g-1) and HCHs (0.43 to 2.14 ng·g-1) were higher in the Humen outlet, and the values of PCBs (4.6 to 187.4 ng·g-1) were higher in the coastal areas of Shenzhen. The DDTs and HCHs have generally decreased while the PCBs have been rapidly increasing in recent decades. The DDTs might originate from technical DDT and dicofol. The major source of HCHs was lindane. The main potential sources of PCBs were increased industrial products, ship painting, E-waste disassembly, maricultural and agricultural pollution. The total PCBs and DDTs had medium ecological risks according to the sediment quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Tang
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (ISEE, CAS), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Haijun He
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhenang Cui
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Huayang Gan
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhen Xia
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
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31
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Birch GF, Shalem Y, Lewtas K, Besley CH. Metal concentrations in Sydney Cockle (Anadara trapezia) tissue and ambient sediment in a highly-modified estuary (Sydney estuary, Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 144:299-308. [PMID: 31180000 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of sedimentary metals on the cockle A. trapezia tissue was examined using a strong difference in sedimentary metal concentrations in an embayment (Hen and Chicken Bay) highly contaminated in Cu and an adjacent cove (Iron Cove), strongly enriched in Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn within the heavily-urbanised Sydney estuary catchment (Australia). Statistically significant differences were recorded for cockle tissue metal concentrations between the study locations reflecting differences in surficial sediment metal concentrations. Low metal uptake was apparent in A. trapezia tissue, which were considerably less than background sedimentary concentrations and was of low-risk for human consumption. Dissimilar bioconcentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn was apparent in tissue of cockles (A. trapezia), prawns (Metapenaeus bennettae), mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (Saccostrea glomerata), due possibly to different feeding patterns and biogeochemical conditions in bottom sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Y Shalem
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - K Lewtas
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C H Besley
- Monitoring, Design and Reporting, Customer Delivery, Sydney Water, NSW 2143, Australia..
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32
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Kim BSM, Angeli JLF, Ferreira PAL, de Mahiques MM, Figueira RCL. A multivariate approach and sediment quality index evaluation applied to Baixada Santista, Southeastern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 143:72-80. [PMID: 31789169 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current studies use indices and chemometric approaches to assess the health quality of estuarine systems to support estuarine management. This study aims to use a multivariate approach and a set of indices to evaluate sediment health quality. Levels of Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sc, V, and Zn were quantified by ICP-OES, and nine indices were applied and evaluated individually. Most of the indices presented high values of Cu, Pb, and Zn, and the aggregative indices differed from each other in magnitude; however, the spatial distribution demonstrated the same trends. From PCA results, it was possible to differentiate lithogenic from the anthropogenic contribution, especially by Cu, Pb, and Zn. Thus, the integration of geochemical approaches and chemometric tools supported the interpretation of elemental contribution in terms of sources and pathway of heavy metals, which was similar to the results of other studies conducted in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Sung Mi Kim
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Pça. Do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo 05508 120, Brazil.
| | - José Lourenço Friedmann Angeli
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Pça. Do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo 05508 120, Brazil
| | - Paulo Alves Lima Ferreira
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Pça. Do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo 05508 120, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Cesar Lopes Figueira
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (IOUSP), Pça. Do Oceanográfico, 191, Butantã, São Paulo 05508 120, Brazil
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33
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Birch GF, Lee SB. Baseline physio-chemical characteristics of Sydney estuary water under quiescent conditions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:370-381. [PMID: 30503446 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study establishes baseline water quality properties for Sydney estuary, Australia for long periods of quiescence, which characterize the region. The study was undertaken in response to numerous requests for such data by researchers, government agencies and contractors. During quiescent periods, the range in Secchi depth transparency, turbidity, salinity and total suspended solid (TSS) values was 0.3-5.3 m, 18.6-0.1 NTU, 26.4-35.3 PSU and 8.3-1.0 mg/L in the upper and lower estuary, respectively. Baseline particulate metal concentrations were high, however TSS metal mass was greater during high rainfall. Tables and GIS-based maps allow baseline physio-chemical values to be extracted from the database for any location in Sydney estuary for quiescent conditions. Strong inter-parameter baseline relationships enable interpolation between water quality data. Baseline physio-chemical values were used to assess the impact of a high-precipitation event to demonstrate the utility of the new database.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - S B Lee
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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34
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Irabien MJ, Cearreta A, Serrano H, Villasante-Marcos V. Environmental regeneration processes in the Anthropocene: The Bilbao estuary case (northern Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:977-987. [PMID: 30301123 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work tackles a multidisciplinary study on the recent sedimentary record of the Bilbao estuary (northern Spain), which is the backbone of a city that was primarily industrial and now is widely recognized as a successful example of urban transformation. Although hotspots of heavily polluted materials still remain at the mouth of the two main tributaries (Galindo and Gobelas), the data obtained confirm the ongoing formation of a new layer of sediments (here called "postindustrial zone") covering historically polluted and azoic deposits. It is characterized by largely variable levels of metals and magnetic susceptibility and moderate-to-high abundances of benthic foraminifera. Monitoring of the evolution of this layer appears a key factor to assess environmental improvement and decision-making in polluted estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Irabien
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Cearreta
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Humberto Serrano
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Víctor Villasante-Marcos
- Observatorio Geofísico Central, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, C/ Alfonso XII, 3, 28014 Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Birch GF. A review of chemical-based sediment quality assessment methodologies for the marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:218-232. [PMID: 30041309 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This review of 19 chemical approaches used in assessing sediment quality are classified into empirical, mechanistic and sediment quality indices (SQI) groups. Empirical sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), based on matching chemical and biological-effects data and the mechanistic techniques, founded on equilibrium partitioning principals (EqP), are well established and most used. Empirical SQGs provide a useful screening tool to initially identify locations and chemicals of most concern, but are not regulatory criteria. The EqP approach is causally linked however, the scheme assumes porewater chemistry largely controls sediment toxicity. SQIs are not based on matching chemical-biological data and combine schemes with multiple narrative intents. The 41 SQGs reviewed show a considerable range in upper and lower guideline values. Grain size and organic content should be included into SQGs, however inclusion of suspended sediment into SQGs raises concerns. SQGs are built into decision-tree schemes with other lines-of-evidence and evaluated in a weight-of-evidence framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- Environmental Geology Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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36
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Birch GF, Cox BM, Besley CH. Metal concentrations in seagrass (Halophila ovalis) tissue and ambient sediment in a highly modified estuarine environment (Sydney estuary, Australia). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:130-141. [PMID: 29886929 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research into sediment-seagrass tissue metal relationships has been undertaken in Sydney estuary due to the recognized role contamination plays in threats to seagrass health. Seagrass (Halophila ovalis) leaf tissue concentrations are elevated in Cu, Pb and Zn and contain the highest reported root Cr concentrations. Seagrass metal concentrations were significantly different between species H. ovalis and Zostera capricorni; between root and leaf tissue; and between sampling locations. Greatest tissue enrichment was for Pb, however metals were not enriched in seagrass relative to surficial sediment. Fine and total sediment metal concentrations were temporally consistent between collection years 2013/15, whereas root tissue metals changed between years and sites and leaf metal contents were temporally inconsistent. Extractable metal concentrations in fine sediment (<62.5 μm) showed moderate significant correlation with root tissue and a weak significant relationship with leaf tissue, whereas total sediment metal showed no such relationships. Management implications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Birch
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - B M Cox
- School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C H Besley
- Monitoring, Design and Reporting, Customer Delivery, Sydney Water, NSW, 2143, Australia
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Jahan S, Strezov V. Comparison of pollution indices for the assessment of heavy metals in the sediments of seaports of NSW, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 128:295-306. [PMID: 29571376 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sediments samples from six seaports of NSW, Australia were analysed for the presence of metal contamination. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk (PER) and sediment pollution index (SPI) along with multivariate statistical analysis were used to identify the pollution pattern and possible sources of metals in the ports. The results demonstrate Cu, Pb and Zn pollution (Igeo > 5) at most sites and enrichment of As, Ni, Mn (EF > 3) and other metals. The PER recommends serious pollution at Port Kembla and Eden. By contrast, PLI and SPI demonstrate high contamination in all ports with exception of Port Botany and Yamba. PCA and cluster analysis detected major groups of elements in which three distinct clusters of pollutants and sites were apparent by dendrogram which portray simple and effective baseline scenarios for port activity-related quality assessment of surface sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayka Jahan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Vladimir Strezov
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
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Bárcena JF, Claramunt I, García-Alba J, Pérez ML, García A. A method to assess the evolution and recovery of heavy metal pollution in estuarine sediments: Past history, present situation and future perspectives. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 124:421-434. [PMID: 28807419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A methodology to assess the historical evolution and recovery of heavy metal pollution in estuarine sediments was developed and is presented here. This approach quantifies the distribution of heavy metals in sediment cores, and investigates the influence of anthropogenic activities and/or core locations on the heavy metal pollution, by proposing and using sediment quality indices and polynomial regressions. The method has been applied to the Suances Estuary confirming its suitability as a comprehensive and practical management tool. In this estuary, the evolution of heavy metal pollution (since 1997-1998 to 2015) pointed out the deeper the sediments, the more polluted, indicating a recovery at the upper layers due to the closure and ending of washing discharges from mining, and the reduction of metal loads from industrial wastewaters. In terms of global pollution, the intertidal and subtidal sediments will require 43.1±2.8 and 8.6±0.6years to be unpolluted, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Bárcena
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Inigo Claramunt
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Javier García-Alba
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Pérez
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Andrés García
- Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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Source and Ecological Risk Characteristics of PAHs in Sediments from Qinhuai River and Xuanwu Lake, Nanjing, China. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/3510796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the residual characteristics, sources, and ecological risk of PAHs in sediment from urban rivers, the sediments of 15 typical sites from Qinhuai River and Xuanwu Lake, which are typical urban rivers and lake, were collected from October 2015 to July 2016; the sources of PAHs in sediment were also identified by several methods. Results showed that ∑PAHs concentration in sediment ranged from 796.2 ng/g to 10,470 ng/g with an average of 2,713.8 ng/g. High molecular weight PAHs with 4-5 rings were most prominent in the sediment during all four seasons. Source characterization studies based on the analysis of diagnostic ratio (triangular plot method), cluster analysis, and positive factor matrix analysis suggested that the PAHs of Qinhuai River Basin were mainly from pyrogenic origin (biomass and coal combustion and vehicular emission), and the petroleum source also cannot be ignored (specially in summer). Most individual PAHs occasionally affect the aquatic organisms. The highest benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent doses (BaPeq dose) appear at the sites of sewage discharge and heavy traffic. So, the PAHs pollution sources of urban water body have obvious seasonal-dependent and human activities-dependent characteristics.
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