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Chen X, Xu G, Xiong P, Peng J, Fang K, Wan S, Wang B, Gu F, Li J, Xiong H. Dry and wet seasonal variations of the sediment fungal community composition in the semi-arid region of the Dali River, Northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123694-123709. [PMID: 37993647 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities play an important role in water quality regulation and biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystems. However, there has been a lack of research on the seasonal variation of sediment microorganisms in the sediments of small river basins in typical semi-arid region. In this study, high-throughput DNA sequencing was used to investigate the fungal community and its influencing factors in the sediment of the Dali River in the dry and wet seasons. The results showed that there were obvious seasonal differences in fungal alpha diversity. The diversity and richness of fungi in the dry season were greater than that in the wet season, but the evenness of fungi in the dry season was lower than that in the wet season. In addition, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most important phyla in the Dali River fungal community, but their distributions showed clear seasonal differences. In the dry season, the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were 12.34-46.42% and 17.59-27.20%, respectively. In the wet season, the relative abundances of these two phyla were 24.33-36.56% and 5.75-12.26%, respectively. PICRUSt2 was used to predict the metabolic function of fungal community in the sediment, and it was found that at the first level, the proportion of biosynthesis in the dry season was higher than that in the wet season. The ecological network structure showed that the fungal community in the wet season was more complex and stable than that in the dry season. The characteristic fungi in the dry season sediment were chytrid fungi in the family Rhizophydiaceae and the order Rhizophydiales, whereas those in the wet season sediment were in the orders Eurotiales and Saccharomycetales. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the physicochemical properties of water and sediment together explained a greater proportion of the dry-season fungal community changes than of the wet-season changes. In the dry season, temperature and ammonia nitrogen in the water were the main factors affecting the change of fungal community, whereas in the wet season, total nitrogen concentration of the water, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and available phosphorus of the sediment, pH, and temperature were the main factors affecting the changes in fungal community composition. The results of this study enhanced our understanding of microbial communities in semi-arid river ecosystems, and highlight the importance of the management and protection in river ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoce Xu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ping Xiong
- Shaanxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Xi'an, 710082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbo Peng
- Shaanxi Forestry Survey and Planning Institute, Xi'an, 710082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Fang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shun Wan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengyou Gu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
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Zhang F, Fu H, Lou H, Sun X, Zhang D, Sun P, Wang X, Li Y, Lu J, Bao M. Assessment of eutrophication from Xiaoqing River estuary to Laizhou Bay: Further warning of ecosystem degradation in typically polluted estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115209. [PMID: 37364339 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The coast of Laizhou Bay is plagued by a number of environmental issues, such as eutrophication, which are likely to worsen over the next few decades as a result of trends toward industrialization and urbanization. High nutrient levels in the Xiaoqing River are believed to be the main cause of Laizhou Bay becoming eutrophicated. Therefore, we conducted two cruises from the Xiaoqing River estuary to Laizhou Bay in August 2022 and December 2022, respectively, in the wet and dry periods to assess the potential impact of status of eutrophication due to human activities. The results showed that the concentration of DIN was higher than the quality standard for water (fi > 1) in both the wet season (August 2022) and the dry season (December 2022). DIN has major environmental impacts in Laizhou Bay. The eutrophication level index and organic pollution index have obvious spatial and temporal characteristics. In terms of time, the dry season is higher than the wet season. In space, Xiaoqing estuary is higher than Laizhou Bay. In the two surveys, DIN and DIP concentrations were significantly positively correlated, indicating that N and P pollution in the region had a common source and destination, and the spatial distribution was also similar. In addition, the current environmental conditions in the region are not ideal, reaching moderate and severe eutrophication levels, which proves that the ecosystem has the risk of aggravating degradation. As the Xiaoqing River is about to resume full navigation, human-related nutrient input (especially DIN) will continue to increase, and it is expected that the eutrophication risk in this area will increase in the next few years due to the increase in nutrient load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hongrui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huawei Lou
- Shouguang Marine Fishery Development Center, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Shouguang Marine Fishery Development Center, Weifang 262700, China.
| | - Peiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Warning, Protection & Restoration for Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Warning, Protection & Restoration for Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinren Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced, Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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3
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Guan Y, Li Z, Huang L, Luo Y, Fu J. Microbial community composition in urban riverbank sediments: response to municipal effluents over spatial gradient. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2685-2700. [PMID: 37318918 PMCID: wst_2023_158 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Municipal effluents have adverse impacts on the aquatic ecosystem and especially the microbial community. This study described the compositions of sediment bacterial communities in the urban riverbank over the spatial gradient. Sediments were collected from seven sampling sites of the Macha River. The physicochemical parameters of sediment samples were determined. The bacterial communities in sediments were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that these sites were affected by different types of effluents, leading to regional variations in the bacterial community. The higher microbial richness and biodiversity at SM2 and SD1 sites were correlated with the levels of NH4+-N, organic matter, effective sulphur, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids (p < 0.01). Organic matter, total nitrogen, NH4+-N, NO3-N, pH, and effective sulphur were identified to be important drivers for bacterial community distribution. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria (32.8-71.7%) was predominant in sediments, and at the genus level, Serratia appeared at all sampling sites and accounted for the dominant genus. Sulphate-reducing bacteria, nitrifiers, and denitrifiers were detected and closely related to contaminants. This study expanded our understanding of municipal effluents on microbial communities in riverbank sediments, and also provided valuable information for further exploration of microbial community functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Guan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lidong Huang
- College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yin Luo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Wenhua College, Wuhan 430074, China E-mail:
| | - Jie Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Wu K, Liu Y, Liao X, Yang X, Chen Z, Mo L, Zhong S, Zhang X. Fungal Diversity and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Coastal Sediments from Guangdong, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010101. [PMID: 36675922 PMCID: PMC9866456 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As one core of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), Guangdong is facing some serious coastal environmental problems. Fungi are more vulnerable to changes in coastal environments than bacteria and archaea. This study investigated the fungal diversity and composition by high-throughput sequencing and detected basic parameters of seven environmental factors (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) at 11 sites. A total of 2056 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 147 genera in 6 phyla were recovered; Archaeorhizomyces (17.5%) and Aspergillus (14.19%) were the most dominant genera. Interestingly, a total of 14 genera represented the first reports of coastal fungi in this study. Furthermore, there were nine genera of fungi that were significantly correlated with environmental factors. FUNGuild analysis indicated that saprotrophs and pathogens were the two trophic types with the highest proportions. Saprotrophs were significantly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP), while pathogens were significantly correlated with pH. This study provides new scientific data for the study of the diversity and composition of fungal communities in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zihui Chen
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (X.Z.)
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Wang X, Zhang J, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Wu W. GIS-based spatial suitability assessment for pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas reef restoration: A case study of Laizhou Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114416. [PMID: 36476964 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The oyster reef restoration has raised concerns worldwide due to the advantage of alleviating eutrophication and other ecosystem services. The necessary prerequisite for oyster restoration is identifying suitable sites. A restoration suitability index model for C. gigas reefs was built by combining the Monte Carlo simulation, analytic hierarchy process, hydrodynamic modelling and geographic information systems and applied in Laizhou Bay (LZB), China. The model outputs and sensitivity analysis showed that the east coastal area, the southern part, and the western part of LZB were restoration sites with the maximum suitability, accounting for 15.3 % of LZB. The middle and northern parts of LZB were unsuitable sites restricted by water depth and flow velocity. Ship waterways and marine industries were the major factors causing degradation of the historically recorded oyster reefs. This model can support oyster restoration planning, and can be applied to other oyster species with adjusted indicator system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266200, PR China.
| | - Yi Zhong
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Wenguang Wu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Wei Y, Cui H, Hu Q, Bai Y, Qu K, Sun J, Cui Z. Eutrophication status assessment in the Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea: Further evidence for the ecosystem degradation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113867. [PMID: 35780630 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Laizhou Bay is plagued by many environmental problems (e.g., acidification and eutrophication) that are likely to increase in the coming decades along with social and demographic trends. We thus conducted 12 cruises from July 2019 to December 2021 in the Laizhou Bay to evaluate the potential influences of human activities on its eutrophication status. The results showed that the parameters of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and oxygen (DO) exceeded the water quality standard in some cases during the past 3 years, suggesting DIN and DO were the crucial factors controlling water quality in the bay. Meanwhile, DIN was identified as a major pollutant in the region, and played an important role in driving the phytoplankton dynamics. Furthermore, with the increases in human-related nutrient inputs (especially DIN), the bay environment reached the mild eutrophication level and was probably at risk from excessive nutrient loads at present, further evidencing the ecosystem degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongwu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qingjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Keming Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China; Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China.
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7
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Yao Y, Zhao J, Miao L, Hou J. Effects of sediment physicochemical factors and heavy metals on the diversity, structure, and functions of bacterial and fungal communities from a eutrophic river. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119129. [PMID: 35283203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization has destroyed river ecosystems, leading to eutrophication. Heavy metals are frequently observed in urban rivers, and the joint effects of eutrophication and heavy metals on microbial communities, especially on fungal communities, have not been adequately explored. In this study, we explored the effect of sediment physicochemical factors and heavy metals on the microbial diversity, community structure, and functions of bacterial and fungal communities from a black-odorous river in Wuhu, China. Twenty-four samples were collected, and the diversity and structure of fungal and bacterial communities were determined by high-throughput sequencing. Proteobacteria and Rozellomycota were the main phyla in the bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. The results showed different distribution patterns of bacterial and fungal communities along the river. Physicochemical factors and heavy metals exhibited different effects on microbial variation. Specifically, pH and Cr negatively affected bacterial α-diversity, whereas total phosphorus and Cr significantly affected fungal α-diversity. Variance partitioning analysis revealed that physicochemical factors explained more of the bacterial community structure than heavy metals (49.5% vs. 36.6%), with pH and total phosphorus being the dominant factors. Opposite patterns were observed for fungal community structure, with heavy metals contributing the most (48.0%). A similar influence pattern was observed for the predicted functions of the two communities. This study suggests that heavy metals in eutrophication rivers are essential factors that shift the microbial variation and should be considered in urban river evaluation and remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yao
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Yin X, Wang W, Wang A, He M, Lin C, Ouyang W, Liu X. Microbial community structure and metabolic potential in the coastal sediments around the Yellow River Estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151582. [PMID: 34785215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Estuary and Laizhou Bay are located on the northern Shandong Peninsula in the Bohai Sea in China and have been polluted by intensive anthropogenic activity. However, few studies have focused on the effect of these activities on the microbial communities and their ecological functions in this area. In this study, the combination of 16S rDNA gene sequencing and GeoChip technology was used to analyzed the microbial community component and their functional genes. Thaumarchaeot and Bacteroidetes are the most abundant phyla. The results of correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) showed water depth (r2 = 0.76, P = 0.005), total Na content (r2 = 0.63, P = 0.021) and total Ca content (r2 = 0.53, P = 0.05) in the sediments were the most significant environmental factors affecting the microbial community. The diversity of the microbial community and signal intensity of functional genes at nearshore sites (N sites) were higher than that at the offshore sites (O sites), but the component of microbial community and functional genes was similar in general. Functional genes for C, N, P and S cycle were detected at both nearshore and offshore sites, which illustrated that microbial communities were active in nutrient cycle. Proteobacteria contributes significantly to material cycle in microbial community. In addition, functional genes related to organic remediation and metal detoxification are also abundant. It indicated that the environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activities has greatly affected the microbial community components and their biochemical functions in the Yellow River Estuary and surrounding areas. This study reveals the effect of anthropogenic activities on microbial communities and provides the basis for environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Chunye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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9
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Ci M, Zhang G, Yan X, Dong W, Xu W, Wang W, Fan Y. Occurrence of antibiotics in the Xiaoqing River basin and antibiotic source contribution-a case study of Jinan city, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25241-25254. [PMID: 33453030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Twenty antibiotics were investigated to evaluate the degree of antibiotic pollution, the temporal and spatial antibiotic distribution and the ecological risks in the Xiaoqing River basin (main stream). The total antibiotic concentrations in surface water and sediment were 0.99 to 832.4 ng L-1 and 9.71 to 7841.61 ng g-1, respectively, and that ofloxacin was the dominant antibiotic. However, ofloxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole posed high risks to algae, among which clarithromycin presented the highest risk quotients (23.8). In addition, there were spatial and temporal differences in the antibiotic concentration distribution. Temporally, the following trend was detected: dry season > normal season > wet season; spatially, the following trend was detected: Jinan > Dongying > Binzhou > Zibo > Weifang. Meanwhile, we used the PCA-MLR model to quantify the contribution rate of the four sewage treatment plants A, B, C and D. Factor 1 (co-sources A, B, C, D) contributed 64.1% of the total antibiotic concentration in the Xiaoqing River. According to the estimated flux into the sea, approximately 972.31 kg of antibiotics were discharged into Bohai Bay in 2017, posing a potential threat to the marine ecosystem. As a comprehensive river channel used for flood control, waterlogging, irrigation and shipping, its water quality safety is of great significance to the surrounding residents and ecological safety. Therefore, further investigations of antibiotic pollution and source contribution are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaowei Ci
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xianshou Yan
- Heze Zhongkecheng Sewage Purification Co., Ltd., Heze, 274000, China
- Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Wenping Dong
- Shandong Academy of Environmental Science Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Wenfeng Xu
- Shandong Think-eee Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China.
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10
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Li N, Chen X, Zhao H, Tang J, Jiang G, Li Z, Li X, Chen S, Zou S, Dong K, Xu Q. Spatial distribution and functional profile of the bacterial community in response to eutrophication in the subtropical Beibu Gulf, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111742. [PMID: 33075697 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the specific bacterial distribution and the response of bacterial communities to shifts in environmental factors in the subtropical Beibu Gulf, southern China. The abundances of Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Planctomycetia, Thermoleophilia, Anaerolineae, and Synechococcophycideae were significantly higher in high eutrophic samples than in medium eutrophic and oligotrophic samples. Bacterial alpha-diversity was found greater in high eutrophication samples than in the other samples. Besides, Ponticaulis koreensis, Nautella italic, Anaerospora hongkongensis, Candidatus Aquiluna rubra, and Roseovarius pacificus were sensitive to trophic variation and thus could be used as eco-markers. In addition, the relative abundances of functional genes involving carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were very high among the samples. We also found temperature, Chl-a, TDN and NO3- were the main environmental drivers of bacterial community structure. Overall, this study provides new insight into the composition of bacterial community and function response to gradients of eutrophication in Beibu Gulf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxian Zhao
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Tang
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gonglingxia Jiang
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoting Li
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Zou
- Department of biological sciences, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, South Korea
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of biological sciences, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, South Korea
| | - Qiangsheng Xu
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning Normal University, 175 East Mingxiu Road, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Ogata EM, Baker MA, Rosi EJ, Smart TB, Long D, Aanderud ZT. Nutrients and Pharmaceuticals Structure Bacterial Core Communities in Urban and Montane Stream Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:526545. [PMID: 33178141 PMCID: PMC7593328 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.526545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in stream biofilms contribute to stream biogeochemical processes and are potentially sensitive to the substantial levels of pollution entering urban streams. To examine the effects of contaminants on stream biofilm bacteria in situ, we exposed growing biofilms to experimental additions of nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe)], pharmaceuticals (caffeine and diphenhydramine), nutrients plus pharmaceuticals, or no contaminants using contaminant exposure substrates (CES) in three catchments in northern Utah. We performed our study at montane and urban sites to examine the influence of existing pollution on biofilm response. We identified bacterial core communities (core) for each contaminant treatment at each land-use type (e.g., nutrient addition montane bacterial core, nutrient addition urban bacterial core, pharmaceutical addition montane bacterial core) by selecting all taxa found in at least 75% of the samples belonging to each specific grouping. Montane and urban land-use distinguished bacterial cores, while nutrients and pharmaceuticals had subtle, but nonetheless distinct effects. Nutrients enhanced the dominance of already abundant copiotrophs [i.e., Pseudomonadaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) and Comamonadaceae (Betaproteobacteria)] within bacterial cores at montane and urban sites. In contrast, pharmaceuticals fostered species-rich bacterial cores containing unique contaminant-degrading taxa within Pseudomonadaceae and Anaerolineaceae (Chloroflexi). Surprisingly, even at urban sites containing ambient pharmaceutical pollution, pharmaceutical additions increased bacterial core richness, specifically within DR-16 (Betaproteobacteria), WCHB1-32 (Bacteroidetes), and Leptotrichiaceae (Fusobacteria). Nutrients exerted greater selective force than pharmaceuticals in nutrient plus pharmaceutical addition treatments, creating bacterial cores more closely resembling those under nutrient rather than pharmaceutical addition, and promoting unique Oscillatoriales (Cyanobacteria) taxa in urban streams. Our results show that additions of N, P, and Fe intensified the dominance of already abundant copiotrophs, while additions of caffeine and diphenhydramine enabled unique taxa associated with contaminant degradation to participate in bacterial cores. Further, biofilm bacteria at urban sites remained sensitive to pharmaceuticals commonly present in waters, suggesting a dynamic interplay among pharmaceutical pollution, bacterial diversity, and contaminant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Ogata
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Michelle A Baker
- Department of Biology and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Emma J Rosi
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, United States
| | - Trevor B Smart
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Donald Long
- Department of Biology, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT, United States
| | - Zachary T Aanderud
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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12
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Beattie RE, Bandla A, Swarup S, Hristova KR. Freshwater Sediment Microbial Communities Are Not Resilient to Disturbance From Agricultural Land Runoff. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:539921. [PMID: 33178143 PMCID: PMC7593329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.539921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are critically important for the function of surface water ecosystems but are frequently subjected to anthropogenic disturbances at either acute (pulse) or long-term (press) scales. Response and recovery of microbial community composition and function following pulse disturbance is well-studied in controlled, laboratory scale experiments but is less well-understood in natural environments undergoing continual press disturbance. The objectives of this study were to determine the drivers of sediment microbial compositional and functional changes in freshwaters receiving continual press disturbance from agricultural land runoff and to evaluate the ability of the native microbial community to resist disturbance related changes as a proxy for freshwater ecosystem health. Freshwater sediments were collected seasonally over 1 year in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, a region impacted by concentrated dairy cattle farming, manure fertilization, and associated agricultural runoff which together serve as a press disturbance. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we found that sediments in locations strongly impacted by intensive agriculture contain significantly higher abundances (p < 0.01) of the genera Thiobacillus, Methylotenera, Crenotrhix, Nitrospira, and Rhodoferax compared to reference sediments, and functions including nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction, and nitrogen respiration are significantly higher (p < 0.05) at locations in close proximity to large farms. Nine species-level potential human pathogens were identified in riverine sediments including Acinetobacer lwoffi and Arcobacter skirrowii, two pathogens associated with the cattle microbiome. Microbial community composition at locations in close proximity to intensive agriculture was not resistant nor resilient to agricultural runoff disturbance within 5 months post-disturbance but did reach a new, stable microbial composition. From this data, we conclude that sediment microbial community composition is sensitive and shifts in response to chemical and microbial pollution from intensive agriculture, has a low capacity to resist infiltration by non-native, harmful bacteria and, overall, the natural buffering capacity of freshwater ecosystems is unable to fully resist the impacts from agricultural press disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle E. Beattie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aditya Bandla
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Lee H, Heo YM, Kwon SL, Yoo Y, Lee AH, Kwon BO, Kim GH, Khim JS, Kim JJ. Recovery of the benthic bacterial community in coastal abandoned saltern requires over 35 years: A comparative case study in the Yellow Sea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105412. [PMID: 31865277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salt is an essential nutrient for humans, and salterns exist worldwide. Although the construction of salterns has stopped and typical salterns are now mostly abandoned, there has been no research on the ecological recovery of the abandoned salterns. Here, we analyzed the bacterial diversity and community structure in three pairs of abandoned salterns that have undergone 1-35 years of natural restoration and tidal flats to determine the recovery time and process. Partial 16S rRNA sequences were amplified and sequenced to investigate the biodiversity and structure of the bacterial community in sediments collected from abandoned salterns and adjacent natural tidal flats (viz., controls) in the Yellow Sea. The most abundant microorganisms across locations were found to be members of Proteobacteria, ranging from 45 to 72%, which was also a crucial taxon in the bacterial recovery process. The benthic bacterial community of the salterns showed time-dependent recovery, as demonstrated by the similarity between the salterns and controls. Indeed, dissimilarities between bacterial communities were significant for the saltern that had been abandoned for one year, according to ANOSIM (R = 1.0, p < 0.01). The genera that were determined to contribute to the dissimilarity exhibited a significant correlation with the sedimentary phosphorus concentration. The dataset generally supported that the indigenous benthic bacterial community in an altered marine environment might require a considerable time to return to a natural status. Meanwhile, a delay between the recovery of the physicochemical environment and biological component was evidenced, which seemed to influence the recovery time in a site-specific manner. Overall, the present study provided new insight and understanding of the recovery of the benthic bacterial community in abandoned salterns in terms of recovery time and the associated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mok Heo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Lul Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjae Yoo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Chi W, Zhang X, Zhang W, Bao X, Liu Y, Xiong C, Liu J, Zhang Y. Impact of tidally induced residual circulations on chemical oxygen demand (COD) distribution in Laizhou Bay, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110811. [PMID: 32056605 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand the impact of hydrodynamics on pollutant transport in Laizhou Bay, China, we conducted numerical simulations using Mike 21. The model was calibrated with good agreements to field monitoring data at various monitoring stations. The simulation results show a clockwise and an anti-clockwise tidally-induced residual circulation in the western and eastern bay, respectively. Historical COD monitoring data also indicate two rings of high COD concentration in the same regions of the bay. This suggests that the hydrodynamics of tidal and residual currents is the main cause of the ring-shaped high COD concentration field in the bay. Pollutant inputs from inland rivers are also important for the COD distribution, making the near-shore side of the COD ring higher than the offshore side. Regions with higher retention time in the bay are usually associated with higher COD concentrations. This study is useful in understanding the mechanism of pollutant spatial distribution and subsequent pollution control in a sea bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Chi
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, China, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE and College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 1H9, AB, Canada.
| | - Xianwen Bao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Congbo Xiong
- The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, China, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, China, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, China, Qingdao 266061, China
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15
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Lu M, Luo X, Jiao JJ, Li H, Wang X, Gao J, Zhang X, Xiao K. Nutrients and heavy metals mediate the distribution of microbial community in the marine sediments of the Bohai Sea, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113069. [PMID: 31541809 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Bohai Sea, one of the largest marginal seas in China, is extensively influenced by human and industrial activities. The pollutant loads from anthropogenic activities have induced severe ecological problems. The study investigates the physicochemical characteristics of seawater and sediments in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea. The diversity and composition of microbial community in sediments are analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The sequencing results present 16 phyla and 31 classes from the samples. Proteobacteria constituted a dominant phylum, of which the classes of Gamma-, Delta-, and Epsilon-are predominant sub-divisions. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling related microbes present high abundance in both bays. The metabolism of organic matters is the main factor that influences the distribution of microbial communities in Bohai Bay, while the inflow of Yellow River is the dominant factor that influences the distribution of microbial communities in Laizhou Bay. Sulfur oxidizing process is expected to be positively influenced by heavy metals, while ammonia (NH4+) oxidizing process is prone to be negatively affected by heavy metals in both bays. Microbial communities in the offshore sediments of Laizhou Bay and the majority microbial communities in Bohai Bay sediments are subject to similar predominant controlling factors. This phenomenon is likely ascribed to ocean circulation. The results of this study can provide constructive guidelines on ecosystem management of marginal seas in Bohai and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China; The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute (SIRI), Shenzhen, 518057, PR China; The University of Hong Kong-Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-ZIRI), Hangzhou, 311305, PR China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Jiu Jimmy Jiao
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jingyan Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaolang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 999077, PR China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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16
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Li J, Wang T, Yu S, Bai J, Qin S. Community characteristics and ecological roles of bacterial biofilms associated with various algal settlements on coastal reefs. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109459. [PMID: 31479939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms, which are a group of bacteria attaching to and ultimately forming communities on reefs, perform essential ecological functions in coastal ecosystems. Particularly, they may attract or repulse the settling down of opportunistic algae. However, this phenomenon and the interaction mechanism are not fully understood. This study investigated reefs from the Changdao coastal zone to determine the structures and functions of bacterial biofilms symbiosing with various algae using high-throughput sequencing analysis. The Shannon diversity index of microbiota with algal symbiosis reached 5.34, which was higher than that of microbiota wherein algae were absent (4.80). The beta diversity results for 11 samples revealed that there existed a separation between bacterial communities on reefs with and without attached algae, while communities with similar algae clustered together. The taxa mostly associated with algae-symbiotic microbiota are the Actinobacteria phylum, and the Flavobacteriia and Gammaproteobacteria classes. The Cyanobacteria phylum was not associated with algae-symbiotic microbiota. As revealed by functional analysis, the bacteria mostly involved in the metabolism of sulfur were represented by brown and red algae in the biofilm symbiosis. Bacteria related to the metabolism of certain trace elements were observed only in specific groups. Moreover, phototrophy-related bacteria were less abundant in samples coexisting with algae. This study established the link between bacterial biofilms and algal settlements on costal reefs, and revealed the possible holobiont relationship between them. This may provide new technical directions toward realizing algal cultivation and management during the construction of artificial reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Key Lab of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shuxian Yu
- Key Lab of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Key Lab of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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17
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Roberto AA, Van Gray JB, Engohang-Ndong J, Leff LG. Distribution and co-occurrence of antibiotic and metal resistance genes in biofilms of an anthropogenically impacted stream. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:437-449. [PMID: 31247485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Urban stream biofilms are potential hotspots for resistomes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Biofilm communities that harbor resistance genes may be influenced by contaminant input (e.g., metals and antibiotics) from urban drainage (i.e., Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent and stormwater runoff); understanding the ecology of these communities and their resistome is needed. Given the potential importance of the co-occurrence of ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs), we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of three ARGs (tetracycline [tetW] and sulfonamides [sulI and sulII]), four MRGs (lead [pbrT], copper [copA], and cadmium/cobalt/zinc [czcA and czcC]) via quantitative PCR and biofilm bacterial community composition via MiSeq 16S sequencing at four time points along an urbanization gradient (i.e., developed, agriculture, and forested sites) in a stream's watershed. Our results revealed that ARG and MRG abundances were significantly affected by land use-time interaction, with greater resistance abundances occurring in more urban locations during particular times of the year. It was also observed that changes in ARG and MRG profiles were influenced by differences in community composition among land use types, and that these differences were in response to changes in stream physicochemical parameters (pH, redox, temperature, nutrient availability, and metal concentration) that were driven by sub-watershed land use. Moreover, the dynamics between ARGs and MRGs within these communities correlated strongly and positively with one another. Taken altogether, our results demonstrate that changes in environmental properties due to human activity may drive the ARG-MRG profiles of biofilm communities by modulating community structure over time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alescia A Roberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States of America.
| | - Jonathon B Van Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States of America.
| | - Jean Engohang-Ndong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University at Tuscarawas, New Philadelphia, OH 44663, United States of America.
| | - Laura G Leff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States of America.
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18
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Zhuang M, Sanganyado E, Li P, Liu W. Distribution of microbial communities in metal-contaminated nearshore sediment from Eastern Guangdong, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:482-492. [PMID: 31026695 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nearshore environments are a critical transitional zone that connects the marine and terrestrial/freshwater ecosystems. The release of anthropogenic chemicals into nearshore ecosystems pose a human and environmental health risk. We investigated the microbial diversity, abundance and function in metal-contaminated sediments collected from the Rongjiang, Hanjiang and Lianjiang River estuaries and adjacent coastal areas using high throughput sequencing. The concentration of nutrients (NO3-N, NO2-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) and metal (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Hg) contaminants were higher at the mouth of the rivers compared to the coastal lines, and this was confirmed using cluster analysis. Estimates obtained using geoaccumulation index showed that about 38.9% of the sites were contaminated with Pb and the pollution load index showed that sediment from the mouth of Hanjiang River Estuary was moderately polluted with metals. In the nearshore sediment samples collected, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria were the dominant phylum with relative abundances of 46.6%, 8.05%, 6.47%, 5.26%, and 4.59%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between environmental variables and microbial abundance and diversity except for total organic carbon (TOC) (diversity; r = 0.569, p < 0.05) and Cr (diversity; r = 0.581, p < 0.05). At phyla level, Nitrospirae had a significant negative correlation with all metals except Cr, while OD1 had a significant positive correlation with all the metals. Overall, changes in nearshore sediment microbial communities by environmental factors were observed, and these may affect biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhuang
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.
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19
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Simonin M, Voss KA, Hassett BA, Rocca JD, Wang SY, Bier RL, Violin CR, Wright JP, Bernhardt ES. In search of microbial indicator taxa: shifts in stream bacterial communities along an urbanization gradient. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:3653-3668. [PMID: 31125479 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A majority of environmental studies describe microbiomes at coarse scales of taxonomic resolution (bacterial community, phylum), ignoring key ecological knowledge gained from finer-scales and microbial indicator taxa. Here, we characterized the distribution of 940 bacterial taxa from 41 streams along an urbanization gradient (0%-83% developed watershed area) in the Raleigh-Durham area of North Carolina (USA). Using statistical approaches derived from macro-organismal ecology, we found that more bacterial taxa were classified as intolerant than as tolerant to increasing watershed urbanization (143 vs 48 OTUs), and we identified a threshold of 12.1% developed watershed area beyond which the majority of intolerant taxa were lost from streams. Two bacterial families strongly decreased with urbanization: Acidobacteriaceae (Acidobacteria) and Xanthobacteraceae (Alphaproteobacteria). Tolerant taxa were broadly distributed throughout the bacterial phylogeny, with members of the Comamonadaceae family (Betaproteobacteria) presenting the highest number of tolerant taxa. Shifts in microbial community structure were strongly correlated with a stream biotic index, based on macroinvertebrate composition, suggesting that microbial assemblages could be used to establish biotic criteria for monitoring aquatic ecosystems. In addition, our study shows that classic methods in community ecology can be applied to microbiome datasets to identify reliable microbial indicator taxa and determine the environmental constraints on individual taxa distributions along environmental gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Simonin
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | | | - Brooke A Hassett
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Si-Yi Wang
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Raven L Bier
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christy R Violin
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Martínez-Santos M, Lanzén A, Unda-Calvo J, Martín I, Garbisu C, Ruiz-Romera E. Treated and untreated wastewater effluents alter river sediment bacterial communities involved in nitrogen and sulphur cycling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1051-1061. [PMID: 29758858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying the dynamics of nitrogen and sulphur cycling bacteria in river surface sediments is essential to better understand their contribution to global biogeochemical cycles. Evaporitic rocks settled at the headwater of the Deba River catchment (northern Spain) lead to high values of sulphate concentration in its waters. Besides, the discharge of effluents from untreated and treated residual (urban and industrial) wastewaters increases the concentration of metals, nutrients and organic compounds in its mid- and low-water courses. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of anthropogenic contamination from untreated and treated residual and industrial wastewaters on the structure and function of bacterial communities present in surface sediments of the Deba River catchment. The application of a quantitative functional approach (qPCR) based on denitrification genes (nir: nirS+nirK; and nosZ), together with a 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding structural analysis, revealed (i) the high relevance of the sulphur cycle at headwater surface sediments (as reflected by the abundance of members of the Syntrophobacterales order, and the Sulfuricurvum and Thiobacillus genera) and (ii) the predominance of sulphide-driven autotrophic denitrification over heterotrophic denitrification. Incomplete heterotrophic denitrification appeared to be predominant in surface sediments strongly impacted by treated and untreated effluents, as reflected by the lower values of the nosZ/nir ratio, thus favouring N2O emissions. Understanding nitrogen and sulphur cycling pathways has profound implications for the management of river ecosystems, since this knowledge can help us determine whether a specific river is acting or not as a source of greenhouse gases (i.e., N2O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Martínez-Santos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Anders Lanzén
- Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, P 812, Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain; AZTI, Marine Research Division, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, E-20110 Pasaia, Basque Country, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jessica Unda-Calvo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Iker Martín
- Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, P 812, Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Carlos Garbisu
- Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, NEIKER-Tecnalia, Basque Institute of Agricultural Research and Development, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, P 812, Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Estilita Ruiz-Romera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, E-48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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Roberto AA, Van Gray JB, Leff LG. Sediment bacteria in an urban stream: Spatiotemporal patterns in community composition. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:353-369. [PMID: 29454907 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sediment bacterial communities play a critical role in biogeochemical cycling in lotic ecosystems. Despite their ecological significance, the effects of urban discharge on spatiotemporal distribution of bacterial communities are understudied. In this study, we examined the effect of urban discharge on the spatiotemporal distribution of stream sediment bacteria in a northeast Ohio stream. Water and sediment samples were collected after large storm events (discharge > 100 m) from sites along a highly impacted stream (Tinkers Creek, Cuyahoga River watershed, Ohio, USA) and two reference streams. Although alpha (α) diversity was relatively constant spatially, multivariate analysis of bacterial community 16S rDNA profiles revealed significant spatial and temporal effects on beta (β) diversity and community composition and identified a number of significant correlative abiotic parameters. Clustering of upstream and reference sites from downstream sites of Tinkers Creek combined with the dominant families observed in specific locales suggests that environmentally-induced species sorting had a strong impact on the composition of sediment bacterial communities. Distinct groupings of bacterial families that are often associated with nutrient pollution (i.e., Comamonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Pirellulaceae) and other contaminants (i.e., Sphingomonadaceae and Phyllobacteriaceae) were more prominent at sites experiencing higher degrees of discharge associated with urbanization. Additionally, there were marked seasonal changes in community composition, with individual taxa exhibiting different seasonal abundance patterns. However, spatiotemporal variation in stream conditions did not affect bacterial community functional profiles. Together, these results suggest that local environmental drivers and niche filtering from discharge events associated with urbanization shape the bacterial community structure. However, dispersal limitations and interactions among other species likely play a role as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alescia A Roberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Jonathon B Van Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | - Laura G Leff
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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Apel C, Tang J, Ebinghaus R. Environmental occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the sediment of Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:85-94. [PMID: 29275272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV stabilizers and UV filters are applied to industrial materials and cosmetics worldwide. In plastics they prevent photo-induced degradation, while in cosmetics they protect human skin against harmful effects of UV radiation. This study reports on the occurrence and distribution of organic UV stabilizers and UV filters in the surface sediment of the Chinese Bohai and Yellow Seas for the first time. In total, 16 out of 21 analyzed substances were positively detected. Concentrations ranged from sub-ng/g dw to low ng/g dw. The highest concentration of 25 ng/g dw was found for octocrylene (OC) in the Laizhou Bay. In the study area, characteristic composition profiles could be identified. In Korea Bay, the dominating substances were OC and ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS). All other analytes were below their method quantification limit (MQL). Around the Shandong Peninsula, highest concentrations of benzotriazole derivatives were observed in this study with octrizole (UV-329) as the predominant compound, reaching concentrations of 6.09 ng/g dw. The distribution pattern of UV-329 and bumetrizole (UV-326) were related (Pearson correlation coefficient r > 0.98, p « 0.01 around the Shandong Peninsula), indicating an identical input pathway and similar environmental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Apel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; University of Hamburg, Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jianhui Tang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Ralf Ebinghaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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Liu Y, Liu G, Yuan Z, Liu H, Lam PKS. Presence of arsenic, mercury and vanadium in aquatic organisms of Laizhou Bay and their potential health risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 125:334-340. [PMID: 28967412 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at describing and interpreting concentrations of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and vanadium (V) in seven species of fish, three species of shellfish, one species of crab and two species of shrimp from the typical estuary-bay ecosystem. Arsenic, Hg and V differed among species, and the highest As, Hg and V were observed in shellfish. The stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes were determined to investigate the trophic interactions between fluctuating environment and aquatic species. Arsenic concentrations in samples were found negatively correlated with δ15N, implying biodilution effect of As through the food web, while Hg concentrations in samples were positively correlated with δ15N, indicating their biomagnification effect. The estimated daily intake values of Hg and V in this study were all below the oral reference dose. However, elevated As intakes of some aquatic organisms suggested a potential risk for frequent consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China.
| | - Zijiao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Houqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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