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Dib S, Veerasingam S, Alyafei T, Assali MA, Al-Khayat J, Vethamony P. PAHs and hopanes in the surface sediments of Qatar coast and their ecological risks: Comparison with regional and global coastal regions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116494. [PMID: 38788274 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The distribution, characteristics, sources and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hopanes in the surface sediments collected along the Qatar coast were investigated. Concentration of ∑14PAHs and hopanes ranged between 0.076 and 7.04 ng g-1 (mean: 2.60 ng g-1), 100 and 700 ng g-1 (mean: 205 ng g-1), respectively. Sediment samples were dominated by high molecular weight PAHs composition (4-6 rings). Diagnostic ratios of PAH concentrations showed both petrogenic and pyrogenic origins of PAHs, with a higher percentage of pyrogenic sources. The ecological risk levels of PAHs were estimated using sediment quality guidelines (SQG), mean probable effect level quotient values (PEL-Q), carcinogenic toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ), and risk quotient (RQ) evaluation methods. The calculated TEQ values (0.00012-0.85 ng g-1) were lesser than those in other locations around the globe, and were also within the safe level (600 ng g-1) suggested by the Canadian soil quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Dib
- UNESCO Chair in Marine Sciences, Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - S Veerasingam
- UNESCO Chair in Marine Sciences, Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thoraya Alyafei
- UNESCO Chair in Marine Sciences, Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mazen Abou Assali
- UNESCO Chair in Marine Sciences, Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jassim Al-Khayat
- UNESCO Chair in Marine Sciences, Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - P Vethamony
- UNESCO Chair in Marine Sciences, Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Silva CFD, Pereira EA, Carvalho MDAR, Botero WG, de Oliveira LC. Urban river recovery: a systematic review on the effectiveness of water clean-up programs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26355-26377. [PMID: 38530521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Urban rivers are affected at different levels by the intensification of human activities, representing a serious threat to the maintenance of terrestrial life and sustainable urban development. Consequently, great efforts have been dedicated to the ecological restoration of urban rivers around the world, as a solution to recovering the environmental functionality of these environments. In this sense, the present work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of interventions carried out aimed at the recovery of urban rivers, through a systematic review of the literature between 2010 and 2022, using the search term "rivers recovery." The results showed that there have been notable advances in the implementation of river recovery programs in urban areas around the world between the years analyzed. The ecosystems studied were affected, for the most part, by the increase in the supply of nutrients from domestic and industrial effluents, in addition to having highly urbanized surroundings and with several changes in land use patterns. The preparation of this literature review made it possible to demonstrate that the effectiveness of river recovery is extremely complex, since river recovery projects are developed for different reasons, as well as being carried out in different ways according to the intended objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ferreira da Silva
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, João Leme dos Santos Highway, km 110 - SP-264, Sorocaba, SP, 18052.780, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Alves Pereira
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, João Leme dos Santos Highway, km 110 - SP-264, Sorocaba, SP, 18052.780, Brazil
| | - Mayara de Almeida Ribeiro Carvalho
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, João Leme dos Santos Highway, km 110 - SP-264, Sorocaba, SP, 18052.780, Brazil
| | - Wander Gustavo Botero
- Federal University of Alagoas, Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology, Maceió, Alagoas, 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Camargo de Oliveira
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba Campus, Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring, João Leme dos Santos Highway, km 110 - SP-264, Sorocaba, SP, 18052.780, Brazil.
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Fernandes GM, Martins DDA, de Oliveira AHB, de Lima MFB, Reddy CM, Nelson RK, Cavalcante RM. Hydrocarbon markers for assessing the influence of human activities in the tropical semi-arid region (Acaraú River, state of Ceará, Brazil). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140227. [PMID: 37758093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are facing increasing anthropogenic stressors, including rapid urbanization rates and extensive fossil fuel usage. Nevertheless, the distribution of hydrocarbons in the Brazilian semi-arid region remains relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we analyzed ten surface sediment samples (0-2 cm) along the banks of the Acaraú River to assess the chronic contributions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The Acaraú River is a crucial riverine-estuarine area in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer were used to identify target compounds: 45 PAHs, 27 n-alkanes (C10-C38), and two isoprenoids. At most stations, the predominant grain size was sand, and the organic carbon content was less than 1%. The total n-alkanes concentration ranged from 14.1 to 170.0 μg g-1, while individual pristane and phytane concentrations ranged from not detected (nd) to 0.4 μg g-1 and nd to 0.7 μg g-1, respectively. These concentrations resemble those found in unpolluted sediments and are lower compared to samples from urbanized coastal areas. The total USEPA PAHs concentration varied from 157.8 to 1364 ng g-1, leading to the characterization of sediment samples as moderately polluted. Based on diagnostic ratios calculated from both alkane and PAH concentrations, the sediment samples were predominantly deriving from pyrolytic sources, with some contribution from petrogenic sources. The most abundant group was 5-ring PAHs (mean: 47.3 ± 36.7%), followed by 3-ring PAHs (mean: 17.9 ± 13.7%). This predominance indicates a pyrolytic origin of hydrocarbons in the Acaraú River. The concentrations reported here were representative of the level of background hydrocarbons in the region. Regarding the sediment quality assessment, BaP TPE calculated for the Acaraú River ranged from 13.2 to 1258.4 ng g-1 (mean: 409.3 ± 409.4 ng g-1). When considering site-specific sediment quality values for the coast of the state of Ceará, half of the stations are classified as strongly contaminated, and toxic effects are expected to occur (SQGq >0.25) for the ∑16 PAHs measured in the samples, especially due to dibenz [a,h]anthracene concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Davi de A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andre H B de Oliveira
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Laboratory for Environmental Studies (LEA), Federal University of Ceará - Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Campus do Pici s/n, Bloco 938/939, Brazil
| | - Marcielly F B de Lima
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Khaled-Khodja S, Cheraitia H, Rouibah K, Ferkous H, Durand G, Cherif S, El-Hiti GA, Yadav KK, Erto A, Benguerba Y. Identification of the Contamination Sources by PCBs Using Multivariate Analyses: The Case Study of the Annaba Bay (Algeria) Basin. Molecules 2023; 28:6841. [PMID: 37836682 PMCID: PMC10574193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), particularly the indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were first quantified in water and sediments of two wadis, Boujemaâ and Seybouse, as well as in the effluents from a fertilizer and phytosanitary production industrial plant (Fertial). Since these contaminated discharges end in Annaba Bay (Algeria) in the Mediterranean Sea, with a significant level of contamination, all the potential sources should be identified. In this work, this task is conducted by a multivariate analysis. Liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were applied to quantify seven PCB congeners, usually taken as indicators of contamination. The sum of the PCB concentrations in the sediments ranged from 1 to 6.4 μg/kg dw (dry weight) and up to 0.027 μg/L in waters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used for the multivariate analysis, indicating that the main sources of PCB emissions in the bay are urban/domestic and agricultural/industrial. The outfalls that mostly contribute to the pollution of the gulf are the Boujemaâ wadi, followed by the Seybouse wadi, and finally by the Fertial cluster and more precisely the annex basin of the plant. Although referring to a specific site of local importance, the work aims to present a procedure and a methodological analysis that can be potentially applicable to further case studies all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumeya Khaled-Khodja
- Physical Chemistry of Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Chadli Bendjedid University, BP 73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria;
| | - Hassen Cheraitia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of exact sciences, Jijel University, BP 98, Ouled Aissa, Jijel 18000, Algeria;
| | - Karima Rouibah
- Laboratory of Materials: Elaborations-Properties-Applications LMEPA, Jijel University, BP 98, Ouled Aissa, Jijel 18000, Algeria;
| | - Hana Ferkous
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de 20 Août 1955 de Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
- Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique et Matériaux, Faculté de Technologie, Université de 20 Août 1955 de Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - Gaël Durand
- Public Laboratory Expertise and Analysis Consulting in Bretagne, C.S. 10052, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Semia Cherif
- Materials and Environment Research Laboratory for Sustainable Development LR18ES10, ISSBAT, Tunis University El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia;
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India;
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Alessandro Erto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università Di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie et Pharmaco Technie (LBPT), Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1 University, Setif 19000, Algeria;
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Liu M, Yuan J, Shi J, Xu J, He Y. Chlorinated organic pollutants in global flooded soil and sediments: Pollution status and potential risk. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121270. [PMID: 36780978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated organic pollutants (COPs) were widely detected in anaerobic environments while there is limited understanding of their pollution status and potential environmental risks. Here, we applied meta-analysis to identify the occurrence status, pollution sources, and environmental risk of COPs from 246 peer-published literature, including 25 kinds of COPs from 977 sites. The results showed that the median concentrations of COPs were at the ng g-1 level. By the combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF), we established 7 pollution sources for COPs. Environmental risk assessment found 73.3% of selected sites were at a security level but the rest were not, especially for the wetlands. The environmental risk of COPs was usually underestimated by the existing evaluation methods, such as without the consideration of the non-extractable residues (NER) and the multi-process coupling effect. Especially, the synergetic coupling associations between dechlorination and methanogenesis might increase the risk of methane emission that has barely been previously considered in previous risk assessment approaches. Our results expanded the knowledge for the pollution control and remediation of COPs in anaerobic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Microbiome Network and Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, USA
| | - Jiachun Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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de Oliveira AHB, Fernandes GM, Dos Santos FR, de Almeida NM, Nogueira TR, de Quadros Melo D, Martins LL, Cavalcante RM, do Nascimento RF, Reddy CM. Insights about levels and source appointment of petroleum hydrocarbons in Brazilian semi-arid coastal: baseline status assessment for ocean decade targets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58002-58018. [PMID: 36973626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Ocean decade (2021-2030) for sustainable development proclaimed in 2017 by the UN, seeks to promote and conserve the sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources. For this, the distribution of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and biomarkers, in sediments from the Fortaleza coastal zone (Mucuripe harbor (MH) and Inner Continental shelf (ICS)) were used to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities in the area. The concentrations of total n-alkanes (Σ16 n-alkanes) in MH and ICS sediments varied from 35.9 to 94.9 and 17.9 to 197.3 μg g-1, respectively, while the isoprenoids phytane and pristane in MH and ICS sediments ranged from 0.1 to 1.69 ug g-1 and from 0.14 and 1.20 μg g-1, respectively. Most of the sediment samples presented carbon preference index (CPI) values close to unity, indicating that the area is submitted to petroleum-related sources. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs in MH and ICS sediments varied from 87.0 to 562.0 and 98 to 288.0 ng g-1. This work presents the first investigation of the petroleum biomarkers hopanes and steranes in the Fortaleza coastal zone, in which ΣBiomarkers varied from 0.10 to 1.79 and 0.02 to 0.24 ug g-1 in MH and ICS sediments, respectively. The presence at stations of biomarkers also indicates petrogenic input. The diagnosis of the distribution of pollutants in the investigated zones of the Fortaleza coast suggests contamination from urban areas and oil spills and vessel traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Henrique Barbosa de Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, S/N - Pici - 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle Melo Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Narelle Maia de Almeida
- Marine and Applied Geology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Geology Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, S/N - Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rocha Nogueira
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus Do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Diego de Quadros Melo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, PE 647, Km 22, PISNC N - 4, Rural Zone Petrolina Campus, Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | - Laercio Lopes Martins
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering and Exploration (LENEP), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, 27925-535, Brazil
| | - Rivelino Martins Cavalcante
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus Do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Christopher Michael Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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Han Y, Dai C, Duan Y, Tu Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Surface Properties of Photoresponsive Gemini Surfactants: Implication for Remediating PAHs-Contaminated Groundwater. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10642-10650. [PMID: 36790397 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient utility of surfactants remains a daunting task for groundwater remediation. In this study, we have synthesized a conventional photoresponsive surfactant 4-[4-[(4-butylphenyl)azo]phenoxy]butyldimethylethylammonium bromide (AzoPB) and a gemini photoresponsive surfactant N1,N2-bis[4-[4-[(4-butylphenyl)azo]phenoxy]butyl]-N1,N2-tetramethylethane-1,2-diammonium bromide (AzoPBT) for solubilizing PAHs in groundwater. The two surfactants' photosensitivity, surface properties, and solubilization/release ability for phenanthrene (Phe) and acenaphthylene (Ace) were studied in detail. Under UV-light irradiation for 15-20 s, the two surfactants can be converted from trans to cis, while cis-to-trans isomerization can be achieved under visible-light irradiation for 1 min. Compared to AzoPB, AzoPBT exhibited strong surface properties such as lower critical micelle concentration (0.52 mM), surface tension (γ, 28.94 mN·m-1), minimum area (Amin, 1.72 × 10-8 nm2), and higher maximum adsorption (Γmax, 96.55 mol·m-2). The solubility of Phe and Ace in the AzoPBT aqueous solution (12.84 and 14.27 mg/L) was much higher than that in the AzoPB aqueous solution (7.51 and 8.77 mg/L) and gradually increased as the surfactant concentration increased in both aqueous solutions. Compared to AzoPB, gemini surfactant AzoPBT exhibited stronger solubilization ability. After four cycles of cis-trans isomerization conversion, AzoPBT could still reduce the hydrophobicity of Phe in natural groundwater, although the solubility of Phe decreased slightly. Additionally, the release capacity of AzoPBT was significantly higher than that of AzoPB during the cyclic solubilization-release process. The results indicated that gemini photoresponsive surfactants should be preferable to conventional photoresponsive surfactants for groundwater remediation due to their higher solubilization and release efficiency for Phe in the cyclic solubilization and release process, which can improve repair efficiency, minimize secondary pollution, and reduce remediation costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chaomeng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Duan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
- Institute of Urban Studies, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yaojen Tu
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Li JM, Yao CL, Lin WH, Surampalli RY, Zhang TC, Tseng TY, Kao CM. Toxicity determination, pollution source delineation, and microbial diversity evaluation of PAHs-contaminated sediments for an urban river. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10810. [PMID: 36433735 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Feng-Sang River is a metropolitan river in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. In this study, Feng-Sang River sediments were analyzed to investigate the distributions and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), potentially carcinogenic PAHs (TEQcarc), and toxic equivalence quotient (TEQ) were applied to evaluate influences of PAHs on ecosystems and microbial diversities. Results indicate that PAHs concentrations varied between seasons and locations. The concentrations of ∑16PAHs ranged from 73.6 to 603.8 ng/kg in dry seasons and from 2.3 to 199.3 ng/kg in wet seasons. This could be because of the flushing effect during wet seasons, which caused the movement and dilution of the PAH-contaminated sediments. Diagnostic ratio analysis infers that high PAHs levels were generated by combustion processes and vehicle traffic, and results from multivariate descriptive statistical analysis also demonstrate that the vehicular traffic pollution could be the major emission source of PAHs contamination. Comparisons of PAHs with SQGs indicate that PAHs concentrations in sediment were below the effects range low (ERL) values, and thus, the immediate threat to organisms might not be significant. The diagnostic ratio analyses are effective methods for PAH source appointment. The metagenomic assay results imply that sediments contained essential microbial species with eminent diversity. The detected PAH-degrading bacteria (Desulfatiglans, Dechloromonas, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Rhodobacter, Clostridium, and Exiguobacterium) played a key role in PAHs biotransformation, and Dechloromonas and Rhodobacter had a higher relative abundance. Results of microbial diversity analyses indicate that the contaminated environment induced the changes of governing microbial groups in sediments. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Diagnostic ratio analyses are effective methods for PAHs source appointment. Microbial composition in sediments are highly affected by anthropogenic pollution. Combustion and vehicle traffic contribute to urban river sediments pollution by PAHs. Dechloromonas and Rhodobacter are dominant PAHs-degrading bacteria in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Min Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Han Lin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rao Y Surampalli
- Global Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Lenexa, Kansas, USA
| | - Tian C Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tsung-Yu Tseng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Kao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Ngoubeyou PSK, Wolkersdorfer C, Ndibewu PP, Augustyn W. Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic environments - A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106284. [PMID: 36087490 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their congeners resulting from the pollution of all environmental media is inherently related to its persistence and ubiquitous nature. In principle, determination of this class of contaminants are limited to the determination of their concentrations in the various environmental matrices. For solving many problems in this context, knowledge of the emission sources of PCBs, transport pathways, and sites of contamination and biomagnification is of great benefit to scientists and researchers, as well as many regulatory organizations. By far the largest amounts of PCBs, regardless of their discharged points, end up in the soil, sediment and finally in different aquatic environments. By reviewing relevant published materials, the source of origin of PCBs in the environment particularly from different pollution point sources, it is possible to obtain useful information on the nature of different materials that are sources of PCBs, or their concentrations and their toxicity or health effects and how they can be removed from contaminated media. This review focuses on the sources of PCBs in aquatic environments and critically reviews the toxicity of PCBs in aquatic animals and plants. The review also assesses the toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) of PCBs providing valuable knowledge to other scientists and researchers that enables regulatory laws to be formulated based on selective determination of concentrations regarding their maximum permissible limits (MPLs) allowed. This review also supplies a pool of valuable information useful for designing decontamination technologies for PCBs in media like soil, sediment, and wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Wolkersdorfer
- Tshwane University of Technology, SARChI Chair for Mine Water Treatment, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Peter Papoh Ndibewu
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Wilma Augustyn
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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10
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Wang Q, Zhang M, Li R, Jiang XT. Does marine environmental research meet the challenges of marine pollution induced by the COVID-19 pandemic? Comparison analysis before and during the pandemic based on bibliometrics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114046. [PMID: 36057155 PMCID: PMC9376348 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought enormous challenges to the global marine environment. Various responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased marine pollution. Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected marine pollution research? This work comprehensively reviewed marine pollution publications in the Web of Science database before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that the COVID-19 outbreak has influenced the marine pollution research by: (i) increasing the number of publications; (ii) reshaping different countries' roles in marine pollution research; (iii) altering the hotspots of marine pollution research. The ranking of countries with high productivity in the marine pollution research field changed, and developed economies are the dominant players both before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in this field. Other high-productivity countries, with the exception of China, have higher international cooperation rates in marine pollution research than those before the pandemic. Microplastic pollution has been the biggest challenge of marine pollution and has been aexplored in greater depth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the mining results of marine pollution publications show the mitigation of plastic pollution in the marine environment remains the main content requires future research. Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions for the reference of researchers and practitioners to improve the global ability to respond to the challenges posed by the pandemic to the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality Economics and Energy Management, School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, People's Republic of China; Institute for Energy Economics and Policy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China; Institute for Energy Economics and Policy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Li
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality Economics and Energy Management, School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, People's Republic of China; Institute for Energy Economics and Policy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue-Ting Jiang
- Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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11
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Chen CF, Ju YR, Lim YC, Wang MH, Albarico FPJB, Chen CW, Dong CD. Potential sources and toxicity risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of commercial ports in Taiwan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113924. [PMID: 35841673 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of pollutants in the semi-enclosed waters of ports has long been a concern. This study assessed the pollution status, sources, and toxicity risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of 7 major ports in Taiwan. Total PAHs concentrations in sediments ranged between 8.4 and 572.5 ng/g dw, with an average of 112.4 ± 136.5 ng/g dw. The 3- and 4-ring PAHs (63 %) were the major constituents of PAHs in the sediments. Diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analyses indicated that PAHs in sediments were mainly contributed by biomass combustion (45.0 %), coal combustion (31.5 %), and vehicle emissions and related fossil fuels (23.5 %). The results of ecological risk assessment showed a low-medium risk of PAHs in the sediments outside the port, whereas most of the sediments within the port presented a medium-high risk. An assessment of the possible human health risks indicated that PAHs were present at acceptable levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Ju
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yee Cheng Lim
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Wang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Frank Paolo Jay B Albarico
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan; Fisheries and Marine Research Station, College of Fisheries and Allied Sciences, Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Sagay City 6122, Philippines
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan.
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Influence of Source Apportionment of PAHs Occurrence in Aquatic Suspended Particulate Matter at a Typical Post-Industrial City: A Case Study of Freiberger Mulde River. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have received extensive attention because of their widespread presence in various environmental media and their high environmental toxicity. Thus, figuring out the long-term variances of their occurrence and driving force in the environment is helpful for environmental pollution control. This study investigates the concentration levels, spatial variance, and source apportionment of PAHs in suspended particulate matter of Freiberger Mulde river, Germany. Results show that the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs suggested by USEPA (Σ16PAHs) were in the range of 707.0–17,243.0 μg kg−1 with a mean value of 5258.0 ± 2569.2 μg kg−1 from 2002 to 2016. The relatively high average concentrations of Σ16PAHs were found in the midstream and upstream stations of the given river (7297.5 and 6096.9 μg kg−1 in Halsbrucke and Hilbersdorf, respectively). In addition, the annual average concentration of Σ16PAHs showed an obvious decreasing pattern with time. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model identified three potential sources: coke ovens (7.6–23.0%), vehicle emissions (35.9–47.7%), and coal and wood combustion (34.5–47.3%). The source intensity variation and wavelet coherence analysis indicated that the use of clean energy played a key role in reducing PAHs pollution levels in suspended sediments. The risk assessment of ecosystem and human health suggested that the Σ16PAHs in the given area posed a non-negligible threat to aquatic organisms and humans. The data provided herein could assist the subsequent management of PAHs in the aquatic environment.
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Ghasemi M, Keshavarzifard M. Are the tourist beaches safe for swimming? A case study of health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tourist beaches of Bushehr City. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:398. [PMID: 35488981 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present research were to evaluate the health risk of long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concerning the human, ecotoxicological risk for marine biota, and identify their possible sources. Surface sediment bioassay samples were collected from 15 stations of tourist beaches surrounding Bushehr City and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated the concentrations of ∑PAH ranged from 193.5 to 725.5 ng g-1 with mean value of 351.1 ± 155.2 ng g-1, which could be considered as moderate level of pollution. Measured levels of PAH in sediments were compared with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), indicating low to medium ecotoxicological risk on marine organisms. Moreover, mean ERM quotient (M-ERM-Q) and mean PEL quotient (M-PEL-Q) were implemented, demonstrating potentially biological adverse effects. A preliminary evaluation of human health risk using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and toxic equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) indicated that PAH-contaminated sediment in some stations of touristic beaches of Bushehr City would induce potential carcinogenic effects especially for children. Composition and diagnostic analysis indicated that PAHs originated from both pyrogenic and petrogenic, with higher portion of incomplete combustion PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Ghasemi
- Department of Geography and Tourism Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 75169-89177, Bushehr, Iran.
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14
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Research status and regulatory challenges of persistent organic pollutants in Sierra Leone. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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15
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Basu S, Chanda A, Gogoi P, Bhattacharyya S. Organochlorine pesticides and heavy metals in the zooplankton, fishes, and shrimps of tropical shallow tidal creeks and the associated human health risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112170. [PMID: 33621901 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and heavy metals (HMs) from tidal creeks are scarce. Sixteen OCPs and seven HMs were measured in the surface water, zooplankton, two fishes (Harpadon nehereus and Pampus argenteus), and one shrimp (Penaeus indicus) collected from three tidal creeks of the Indian Sundarban. The surface water was polluted by hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (ΣHCH: 525-1581 ng l-1), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane congeners (ΣDDT: 188-377 ng l-1), endosulfan congeners (ΣEND: 687-1474 ng l-1), and other OCPs (512-1334 ng l-1). However, the mean HM concentrations in the surface water were <1 μg l-1. The zooplankton community exhibited bioaccumulation of both OCPs and HMs. Aldrin, Heptachlor, and α-HCH levels in the edible biotas could lead to cancer. Co and Cd levels could lead to non-cancerous risks, and Pb levels could pose a cancerous risk. This study showed that creeks could be potential sites of both OCP and HM pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Basu
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Abhra Chanda
- School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India.
| | - Pranab Gogoi
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, CGO Complex, DF Block, Kolkata 700064, West Bengal, India
| | - Subarna Bhattacharyya
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India.
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Ihunwo OC, Ibezim-Ezeani MU, DelValls TA. Human health and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment of Woji creek in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 162:111903. [PMID: 33321306 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human health risk was determined by assessing risk due to dermal contact with the sediment and Benzo [a] pyrene -equivalent concentrations (BaP-TEQ- carcinogenic equivalents and BaP-MEQ- mutagenic equivalents). Ecological risk of PAHs in the sediment was determined by comparing PAHs concentrations to effect range low (ERL) and effect range median (ERM); to estimate the risk associated with the combined effects of PAHs, mean ERM quotient (mERMq) was calculated. Results revealed that hazard index (HI) due to dermal contact of the sediment for adults are 596 and 73.84 for children. Similarly, cancer risk for adults was all >10-1 and was within 10-3 ≤ 10-1 for children, for every compound; the sum of cancer risk for adults and children were 8.26 and 1.022 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owhonda Chikeru Ihunwo
- Niger Delta Aqua Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry Technology, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt P. M. B. 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Millicent Uzoamaka Ibezim-Ezeani
- Niger Delta Aqua Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry Technology, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt P. M. B. 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Tomás Angel DelValls
- Niger Delta Aqua Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry Technology, School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt P. M. B. 5323, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Ecotoxicology, Santa Cecília University (UNISANTA), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sakizadeh M. Spatial distribution and source identification together with environmental health risk assessment of PAHs along the coastal zones of the USA. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3333-3350. [PMID: 32328896 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) sources and hot spot areas are the primary driving forces for their control in the environment. This study was performed in the US coastal areas to identify the major sources of PAHs and investigate the spatial distribution associated with carcinogenic PAHs (CPAHs) using a novel spatial forecasting method for the first time in environmental sciences. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs demonstrated the predominance of pyrogenic sources compared to petrogenic sources within the area of study. Five factors were extracted using positive matrix factorization method with respect to 16 priority PAHs, indicating the dominance of pyrogenic versus petrogenic sources mainly as a result of combustion products in the environment. The total toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalency (TEQ) for all CPAHs ranged from 0.03 to 10,456 ng/g containing a mean of 199 ng/g. The contribution of each CPAH to the total TEQ varied according to the following order: benzo[a]pyrene (65.4%), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (12%), benzo[b]fluoranthene (10%), benzo[a]anthracene (6%), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene (6%), benzo[k]fluoranthene (0.5%) and chrysene (0.1%). The spatial analysis by fixed rank kriging (FRK) highlighted a similar pattern associated with all of the CPAHs with higher values in the northern part of New Jersey State. In particular, Passaic River, Upper New York/New Jersey Harbor, Mullica River, Schuylkill River, Newark Bay and Christina River were the most contaminated stations regarding the observed values of CPAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sakizadeh
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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DSPIR Framework as Planning and Management Tools for the La Boquita Coastal System, Manzanillo, Mexico. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8080615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are attractive sites for tourism. In the central Pacific coast of Mexico in the La Boquita coastal system (LBCS), consisting of a beach and a coastal lagoon, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model was implemented for the spatial and temporal analysis of socio environmental indicators, aiming to gather information for decision-making and implementation of management strategies. The spatial occupation (umbrellas and tables) of the beach showed a 50–200% increase during the Easter season relative to the low season, while the area containing restaurants (called “ramadas”) increased by 396% in 15 years, representing pressure on land use for tourism purposes. The density of beach users ranged from moderate to high (<10 m2/user) during the holiday seasons in the tourism area. The Trophic index (TRIX), used as an indicator of trophic status, revealed mesotrophic-to-eutrophic conditions in lagoon water due to the limited water exchange with the adjacent ocean and to DIN and DIP inputs from adjacent tourist areas. The analysis of the environmental legislation showed that law enforcement in the LBCS is poor or nil, with most environmental regulations either ignored or having inadequate enforcement monitoring. This has led to the current state of socio environmental disruption.
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