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Bouzekry A, Mghili B, Bottari T, Bouadil O, Mancuso M, Benomar M, Aksissou M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and bivalves along the Moroccan Mediterranean coast: Spatial distribution, sources, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 363:125073. [PMID: 39374757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly found in the marine environment and can have harmful impacts on marine biodiversity. Therefore, investigation of the occurrence, source and risks of PAHs is of great importance to protect ecosystem and human health. The objectives of this work were to assess the concentrations and distribution of PAHs in marine sediments and in mollusc bivalve (Callista chione) along the Mediterranean coasts of Morocco and finally evaluate the risk to human health caused by exposure to PAHs. Five sediments samples and seventy five C. chione specimens, were collected along the Moroccan Mediterranean coasts. The ∑PAHs levels in sediment varied considerably, varying from 1 to 251 ng/g with an average of 50.38 ng/g, while values for bivalves varied from 1 to 51 ng/g dw with an average concentration of 16.76 ng/g dw. The PAHs profile indicates the dominance of 2 and 3 rings PAHs both in bivalves and sediments. PAH concentrations generally rise as one moves from northeast to northwest part of the studied area, closer to the Strait of Gibraltar. The assessment of PAH isomeric ratios revealed a mixed pyrolytic/petrogenic source. Based on the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), the risk of PAHs in the sediments was considered to be comparatively low. Similarly, Ecological risk assessment based on risk quotient (RQ) and toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) revealed potentially low ecological risks from PAHs. Exposure to PAHs via bivalve consumption does not cause adverse impacts on the health of consumers following the calculated health risk indices. As the levels of PAHs in biota are not negligible, continuous mentioning marine organisms campaigns should be performed to highlight the distribution and concentration of PAHs and assess the risk for human health from consumption of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Bouzekry
- LESCB, URL-CNRST N° 18, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Bilal Mghili
- LESCB, URL-CNRST N° 18, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Teresa Bottari
- Institute Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 98122 8 Messina, Italy
| | - Oumayma Bouadil
- Chemistry Laboratory, National Institut of Fisheries Research, Mnar, Cap Malabata, Km 15 Road of Ksar Sghir, 93000 Tangier, Morocco
| | - Monique Mancuso
- Institute Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 98122 8 Messina, Italy
| | - Mostapha Benomar
- Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Environmental Management and Civil Engineering Research Team, ENSAH, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Aksissou
- LESCB, URL-CNRST N° 18, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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Liu H, Hu J, Tan Y, Zheng Z, Liu M, Lohmann R, Vojta S, Katz S, Liu Y, Li Z, Fang Z, Cai M, Zhao W. Identification of key anthropogenic and land use factors and ecological risk assessment of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in an urbanized estuary in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116876. [PMID: 39173474 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated dissolved PAHs and OCPs in Quanzhou Bay estuaries, assessed their ecological risk, and examined anthropogenic impacts on contaminant distribution. Results showed that dissolved ∑24PAH concentrations ranged from 117 to 709 ng/L (mean: 358 ng/L), with dominance of 2-ring PAHs (Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene, and 2-Methylnaphthalene). Dissolved DDT levels ranged from 0.06 to 0.49 ng/L (mean: 0.28 ng/L), while HCBz concentrations varied from 0.02 to 0.44 ng/L (mean: 0.20 ng/L). PAHs were higher in the north due to urbanization and transport, while OCPs showed higher levels in the south due to historical agricultural use. Rural areas, water bodies, and wetlands significantly influenced the behavior of PAHs according to Spearman correlation and lasso regression analyses. Quanzhou Bay was categorized as a low to medium risk area based on dispersion simulation and ecological risk assessment, highlighting implications for future sustainable development and policy planning. CAPSULE: The coupled relationship between human activities and the distribution of dissolved PAHs and OCPs in urbanized estuaries was explored using statistical methods and GIS technology, providing valuable insights into environmental processes and pollutant control policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jiajie Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Rainer Lohmann
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Simon Vojta
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Samuel Katz
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - Yong Liu
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics & Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design), Hangzhou 310020, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Fang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Minggang Cai
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| | - Wenlu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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Qian Y, Liang M, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Cai M, Lin Y. Does mangrove leave falling dominate the bury of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mangrove of China? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 194:106318. [PMID: 38218006 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Mangrove wetlands are vital coastal ecosystems that can absorb and accumulate pollutants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose potential risks to ecosystems and human health. However, their source and transport fate in mangrove areas are poorly understood. This study investigates 29 PAHs pollution of water and sediment in Zhangjiangkou Mangrove Wetland, the northernmost large-scale mangrove wetland reserve in China. We examine the distribution, source, transport mechanisms and risk assessment of PAHs. The results show that the concentrations of PAHs in mangrove sediment range from 55.62 to 347.36 ng/g (DW), with 5-ring PAHs being the dominant species. While the concentrations of PAHs in surface water range from 10.61 to 46.39 ng/L, with 2-ring PAHs and alkylated PAHs being the dominant species. The PAHs concentrations in surface water and sediment of river are higher than those in mangrove area, indicating that mangrove water could receive PAHs through tidal exchange. Based on diagnostic ratios (DRs), principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), we infer that the leaf deposition (48.55%) could be an important pathway of PAHs in mangrove sediment except for river water transport (51.45%), while the PAHs in estuary water originate mainly from point sources such as biomass burning (50.96%) and traffic emission (49.04%). The range of toxic equivalents in surface water and sediment was 2.73-16.09 ng TEQ g-1 and 0.03-3.63 ng/L, respectively. Although the ecological risk assessment suggests that the PAHs pollution in surface water and sediment poses a low risk, we recommend more attention to the protection of the mangrove ecosystem. This study reveals that mangrove leaf falling might be a significant mechanism of PAH sequestration in the mangrove system, which deserves more attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Membrane Research and Application, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Meiru Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Membrane Research and Application, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Zixing Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Membrane Research and Application, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Zihang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Membrane Research and Application, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Minggang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry and Application Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Membrane Research and Application, Xiamen 361024, China.
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Campos JMD, Wintruff LTT, Souza-Bastos LRD, Dal Pont G, Dolatto RG, Westphal GGC, Grassi MT, Ostrensky A, Sadauskas-Henrique H. Osmoregulatory responses in the neotropical fish species Astyanax lacustris, exposed to single and combined microplastics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and their mixture. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106693. [PMID: 37742406 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution poses a significant environmental threat. These MPs can adsorb toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are highly lipophilic and carcinogenic. To assess the potential effects of virgin MP, PAH, and MP+PAH in association with osmoregulation and energetic substrate, we conducted experiments with the tetra cardinal Astyanax lacustris. The environmentally relevant concentration of MP (10 mg L-1) and 20 % of the LC50-96 h of crude oil for A. lacustris (2.28 µg L-1) were used during the 96-h exposure. Fish were exposed to virgin MP, PAH, MPC (MP loaded with PAH), PAH+MP (PAH and MP in association), and the control without (CT) and with handling (CH). After 96 h, blood was collected for osmoregulatory parameters (plasma osmolality; Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg2+; glycose and lactate); gills for osmoregulatory enzyme activities (Na+, K+ ATPase, H+ ATPase, and carbonic anhydrase); and white muscle samples were used to determine glycogen as an energetic substrate. The low molecular weight PAH was not detected in PAH-loaded MP (MPC) and PAH in combination with MP (PAH+MP). The PAH concentration of the MPC and PAH+MP was similar and low compared to other works. Virgin MP, PAH, MPC, and PAH+MP were able to cause muscle glycogen depletion. The activity of v-type H+ ATPase and plasma Na+ concentrations were lower in PAH with MP (MPC). However, the hydromineral balance (K+, Mg2+, Cl-, and osmolality) was not affected by any treatment. In this sense, we can conclude that the MPC caused osmoregulatory disturbances not seen in the MP associated with PAH (MP+PAH). However, this seems unrelated to the PAH leaking from the MPC or the PAH absorption to the virgin MP once the PAH concentrations from the MPC and PAH+MP were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martins de Campos
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Bioquímica de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, n. 277 - Boqueirão, Santos, SP 11045-907, Brazil
| | - Larissa Tais Traldi Wintruff
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Bioquímica de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, n. 277 - Boqueirão, Santos, SP 11045-907, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rodrigues de Souza-Bastos
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Avaliação Ambiental, Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento - LACTEC, Rodovia BR-116, km 98, n. 8813 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Giorgi Dal Pont
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, n. 1540 - Juvevê, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Rafael Garrett Dolatto
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, n. 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gisela Geraldine Castilho Westphal
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, n. 1540 - Juvevê, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil; Universidade Positivo - Programa de Pós-graduação em Gestão Ambiental, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, n. 5300 - Ecoville, Curitiba, PR 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Marco Tadeu Grassi
- Grupo de Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Rua Francisco H. dos Santos, n. 100 - Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Antonio Ostrensky
- Grupo Integrado de Aquicultura e Estudos Ambientais, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, n. 1540 - Juvevê, Curitiba, PR 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Helen Sadauskas-Henrique
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Bioquímica de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Oswaldo Cruz, n. 277 - Boqueirão, Santos, SP 11045-907, Brazil
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Ríos-Mármol M, Daniel-Hincapié I, Vivas-Aguas LJ, Romero-D'Achiardi D, Espinosa-Díaz L, Canals M, Garcés-Ordóñez O. Environmental risk assessment of petrogenic hydrocarbon spills in mangrove ecosystems: the Tumaco case study as a baseline, Colombian Pacific. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:440. [PMID: 36867319 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Petrogenic hydrocarbon spills (PHS) are harmful to mangrove ecosystems along tropical coastlines in the short and long term. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental risk of recurrent PHS on mangrove ecosystems in Tumaco municipality, Colombian Pacific. Mangrove characteristics and management aspects led to subdividing the study area into 11 units-of-analysis (UAs) for which threats, vulnerability, potential impacts, and risks were assessed based on environmental factors and the formulation and use of indicators in a rating scale with five categories, which are very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. The results showed that all UAs are highly (64%; 15,525 ha) or moderately (36%; 4,464 ha) threatened by PHS, highly (45%; 13,478 ha) or moderately (55%; 6,511 ha) vulnerable to this kind of pollution, and susceptible to high (73%; 17,075 ha) or moderate (27%; 2,914 ha) potential impacts. The environmental risk was high in 73% (17,075 ha) of the UAs, indicating likely irreversible damage to mangrove ecosystems by PHS, thus pointing to the need of urgent intervention by responsible authorities to ease their recovery and conservation. The methodology and results of this study become technical inputs that serve for environmental control and monitoring, which can be incorporated into contingency and risk management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ríos-Mármol
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Universidad del Magdalena, Programa de Maestría en Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible, Carrera 32 #22-08, Santa Marta, Colombia.
| | - Inger Daniel-Hincapié
- Escuela Naval de Suboficiales (ARC Barranquilla), Grupo de Investigaciones Marinas, Ambientales y Costeras (GIMAC), Calle 58 esquina Vía 40, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Lizbeth-Janet Vivas-Aguas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Red de Vigilancia para la Conservación y Protección de las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia - REDCAM, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
| | - Diana Romero-D'Achiardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Luisa Espinosa-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
- Red de Vigilancia para la Conservación y Protección de las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia - REDCAM, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Miquel Canals
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ostin Garcés-Ordóñez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras José Benito Vives de Andréis - INVEMAR, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Red de Vigilancia para la Conservación y Protección de las Aguas Marinas y Costeras de Colombia - REDCAM, Calle 25#2-55, Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- GRC Geociències Marines, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Yan Y, Bao K, Zhao K, Neupane B, Gao C. A baseline study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distribution, source and ecological risk in Zhanjiang mangrove wetlands, South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114437. [PMID: 38321658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental contaminants and pose a severe threat to human health. Here, 38 surface sediment samples collected from the Gaoqiao mangrove wetland in Zhanjiang, south China, were analyzed to determine 16 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) priority PAHs. Total PAHs concentrations ranged from 33.5 µg/kg to 404.8 µg/kg with an average of 147.7 ± 77.7 µg/kg, inferring a moderate pollution level. Three and four-ring compounds dominated the PAHs composition patterns. Significant positive correlations were observed between the PAHs and the physicochemical properties of the sediments. According to the characteristic molecular ratio method, PAHs in sediments were mainly derived from combustion sources, including the incomplete combustion of liquid fossil fuels, grass, wood, and coal. The result based on the PMF model indicates that the primary combustion sources of PAHs are coal combustion, diesel-powered vehicles, biomass combustion and gasoline-powered vehicles, with a share of 39.01%, 25.21%, 12.72% and 10.48%, respectively. The petrogenic source contributes 12.58% PAHs to the sediments. The mean effects range median quotient (m-ERM-Q) and toxic equivalent method (TEQ) indicate a low comprehensive ecological risk of PAHs in the study area. Still, the evaluation results of effects range low (ERL) suggest that PAHs in the sediment would occasionally have adverse biological effects. Therefore, this situation demands attention and calls for protection strategies in the processes of urbanization and industrialization in south China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- School of Geographical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Kunshan Bao
- School of Geographical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Kewei Zhao
- School of Geographical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Bigyan Neupane
- School of Geographical Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Institute of Fundamental Research and Studies (InFeRS), Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Changjun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Robin SL, Marchand C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove ecosystems: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119959. [PMID: 35977644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic pollutants of increasing concern in the different fields of the environment and human health. There are 16 of them that are recognized as priority pollutants by the US environmental protection agency due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials. Due to their hydrophobicity and stability, they are persistent in the environment and can be transported over long distances. Their toxicological effects on multiple species, including humans, as well as their bioaccumulation in the food web became major topics in organic pollutants research this last decade. In the environment, multiple studies have been conducted on their accumulation in the soil and their degradation processes resulting in numerous review papers. However, the dynamics of PAHs in mangrove ecosystems is not yet completely understood. In this review paper, an exhaustive presentation of what is known about PAHs and their transfer, accumulation, and degradation in mangrove ecosystems is offered. This article brings to light the knowledge already acquired on the subject and the perspective research necessary to fully comprehend PAHs dynamics in mangrove ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Robin
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia.
| | - Cyril Marchand
- Institut de Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA EA7484), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 145 Avenue James Cook, Nouville, BP R4 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
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Ambade B, Sethi SS, Kurwadkar S, Mishra P, Tripathee L. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediment residues of Mahanadi River Estuary: Abundance, source, and risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114073. [PMID: 36084609 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the Mahanadi River Estuary (MRE), identified sources, and evaluated the ecological toxicity. The PAHs distributions in MRE ranged from 13.1 to 685.4 ng g-1 (dry weight), with a mean value of 192.91 ± 177.56 ng g-1 (dry weight). Sediments at sites S11, S8, and S13 have the highest 3-rings, 4-rings, and 5-rings PAHs, respectively. In MRE, pyrene has a significantly higher concentration with a mean value of 30.51 ng g-1, followed by Fluoranthene (86.2 ng g-1), Chrysene (67.4 ng g-1), and Benzo(k)fluoranthene (54.2 ng g-1). Site S8 had a higher total PAH concentration than sites S11, S13, and S1. The diagnostic and principal component analysis suggests that PAHs originated from petroleum, oil, biomass, and coal combustion. Higher toxic and mutagenic equivalent quotients indicate potential aquatic toxicity and a need for continuous monitoring of MRE for PAHs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Ambade
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur 831014, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Shrikanta Shankar Sethi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur 831014, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sudarshan Kurwadkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA.
| | - Phoolendra Mishra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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