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Choo G, Choi S, Lee IS, Oh JE. Nationwide monitoring of legacy and emerging persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along the Korean coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116764. [PMID: 39059220 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies simultaneously investigating the occurrence of chemicals of concern are limited. In this study, sediments and bivalves were collected from 24 locations along the Korean coast to evaluate the relative distribution, contamination characteristics, and ecological risks of legacy/emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Our findings reveal that the concentrations of these contaminants were comparable to or lower than historical levels in the same Korean coast and other Asian countries. Notably, PAHs exhibited the highest distribution in sediments (84 %), whereas short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) were dominant in bivalves (91 %). This study highlighted significant correlations in the sediment levels of each legacy pollutants, suggesting similar sources and geochemical behaviors. However, SCCPs displayed unique contamination patterns. Ecologically, PAHs and SCCPs presented low risks in sediments compared to Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines, however 100 % and 33 % of bivalves, respectively, exceeded US EPA/Canadian Fish Tissue Guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyojin Choo
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Choi
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seok Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Dong L, Cao Y, Pan X, Lin L, Luo X, Dunzhu N, Hu J. Historical sedimentary and evolutionary characteristics of POPs and EDCs in typical regions of the three Gorges reservoir, China. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32920. [PMID: 38948041 PMCID: PMC11211899 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The historical sedimentary and evolutionary characteristics of persistent organic pollutants and endocrine disruptors in typical regions of the Three Gorges Reservoir are scarcely studied. Herein, the 96-year data on contaminated sediment history were reconstructed using Caesium 137 isotope dating. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in the involved sediment cores ranged from non-detected (ND) to 11.39 ng/g. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ranged from ND to 2075.20 ng/g and peaked in the 1970s owing to natural, agricultural and human activities. Further, phthalate esters (PAEs) and heavy metals (HMs) were detected at concentrations ranging from ND to 589.2 ng/g and 12.10-93.67 μg/g, respectively, with highest values recorded in the 1980s owing to rapid industrialisation and insufficient management during China's early reform and development stages. PAE and HM concentrations have increased in recent years, suggesting the need to focus on industrial and agricultural activities that have caused this impact. Although current pollutant concentrations in sediments do not pose a risk to the aquatic ecosystem, they should be continuously monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
- Innovation Team for Basin Water Environmental Protection and Governance of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Yueqi Cao
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Xiong Pan
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
- Innovation Team for Basin Water Environmental Protection and Governance of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Li Lin
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
- Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
- Innovation Team for Basin Water Environmental Protection and Governance of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan, 430010, PR China
| | - Xiaohe Luo
- The Resettlement Affairs Center for Large and Medium-Sized Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects in Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, P.R. China
| | - Nima Dunzhu
- The Resettlement Affairs Center for Large and Medium-Sized Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects in Xizang Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, P.R. China
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, P.R. China
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Lei R, Liu W, He Y, Jia T, Li C, Su W, Xing Y. Spatial distributions, behaviors, and sources of PCDD/Fs in surface water and sediment from the Yangtze River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118540. [PMID: 38401685 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta (YRD), one of the most economically developed and industrialized regions in China, is confronted with challenges arising from rapid urbanization, particularly environmental pollution. The collection of surface water and sediment samples from forty-nine sites in the YRD was conducted to analyze 2378-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) congeners. The detected concentrations of PCDD/Fs were 0-5.3 pg TEQ/L in water and 0.12-1493 pg TEQ/g dw in sediment. The PCDD/Fs contamination in the sediment was widespread in the YRD. There were variations in the congener characteristics of PCDD/Fs in surface water and sediment. The proportion of OCDD was significantly lower in surface water samples compared to sediment, while the less chlorine-substituted homologs were found in larger proportions. To understand the partitioning and behavior of dioxins within the water-sediment system, we calculated the organic carbon normalized partition coefficients and fugacity fraction (ff) of PCDD/F congeners. The results revealed that the PCDD/Fs had not attained a state of distributional equilibrium, and the non-specific hydrophobic effect seemed minimally influential on their partitioning between sediment and water. The average ff values, which varied between 0.06 and 0.63, indicated differing migration directions for the PCDD/F congeners. Source identification analysis provided evidence that the dioxins in the river water were primarily attributed to industrial thermal processes. Iron and steel smelting, along with pesticide production and use, were likely responsible for the sediment contamination. This comprehensive analysis underscores the complex nature of PCDD/Fs pollution in the YRD and highlights the necessity for targeted environmental management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Lei
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Yunchen He
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tianqi Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Changliang Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Canli O, Güzel B, Öktem Olgun E, Çetintürk K, Uludağ İ, Görhan B, Dede Ş, Erçel Ş, Karademir A. Evaluation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) outflows during the destruction of HBCD wastes in a hazardous waste incinerator. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172317. [PMID: 38588749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an evaluation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) outflows during the destruction of HBCD waste stockpiles in IZAYDAS Hazardous Waste Incinerator (HWI) in Kocaeli, Türkiye. HBCD wastes containing 100 % pure HBCD were in 25 kg packages with 63 % Br content were co-incinerated in a 3-day test burn with average feed rate of 26 kg/h. HBCD, PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs were measured in the outlet streams to quantify the amount of unintended POPs releases associated with the processing of HBCD waste and to observe the POP removal performance of air pollution control equipment (APCE) of the incinerator. Total mass outflow rate of HBCDs is calculated as 2.6 g/day, corresponding to destruction efficiency of 99.9996 %. Total toxicity of the brominated dioxins was measured as 0.00044 ng TEQ/Nm3 on average, while highly brominated congeners are dominant. PCDD/F concentrations in the outflow streams during HBCD test burns are produced similar congener distributions with those given in the previous studies, with the dominance of 7,8-chlorinated congeners. Mass flows in the outlet streams indicated that the efficiency of ESP and wet scrubbers for the removal of PCDD/Fs and HBCDs. Flue gas concentrations of PCDD/Fs, HBCDs and PBDD/Fs obtained in HBCD burn test indicated that burning HBCD wastes cause no significant emissions as operational parameters and total halogen content in the menu are kept within the incinerator limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oltan Canli
- Water Management and Treatment Technologies Research Group, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Barış Güzel
- Water Management and Treatment Technologies Research Group, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Elmas Öktem Olgun
- Water Management and Treatment Technologies Research Group, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kartal Çetintürk
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Science and Management, 34134 Vefa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Uludağ
- IZAYDAS Izmit Waste and Residue Treatment, Incineration and Recycling Co. Inc., Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, 41310 Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Bertan Görhan
- IZAYDAS Izmit Waste and Residue Treatment, Incineration and Recycling Co. Inc., Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, 41310 Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Şahan Dede
- IZAYDAS Izmit Waste and Residue Treatment, Incineration and Recycling Co. Inc., Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, 41310 Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Şerife Erçel
- Erçel Engineering Environmental Technologies Industry Co. Inc., 41100 Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Aykan Karademir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kocaeli, 41100 Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Çelebi A, Canlı O, Güzel B, Çetintürk K. Ecotoxicological risk assessments and components of persistent organic pollutants and metals in the historical settlement area (Iznik (Nicea) lake) large water resource sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116339. [PMID: 38598932 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The main objectives of this study are to measure permanent organic and inorganic pollutants in detail in an area that hosts historical structures underneath and feeds the huge ecosystem with water, to reveal risk values. Total PAH concentrations in the samples ranged from 43.41 to 202.7 ng/g. Total OCP concentration ranged from 5.15 to 17.98 ng/g, while total PCB concentration ranged from 0.179 to 0.921 ng/g. PCB 28/31, 138, and 153 are the highest detected PCBs. It was found that the lake sediment reached toxic equivalent quotient (TEQ) values of 29.21 for total PAHs and 28.90 for carcinogenic PAHs. Negligible concentration risk quotient had a low to moderate ecological and toxicological risk between 12.91 and 64.42. Highest pollution index value was found 3.81 and the risk index value reached 417.4. It has been revealed that toxicologically risky components accumulate over many years even in the best-protected water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Çelebi
- Sakarya University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Esentepe Campus, 54050 Serdivan, Sakarya, Türkiye.
| | - Oltan Canlı
- Water Management and Treatment Technologies Research Group, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
| | - Barış Güzel
- Water Management and Treatment Technologies Research Group, Climate Change and Sustainability Vice Presidency, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
| | - Kartal Çetintürk
- Istanbul University, Institute of Marine Science and Management, 34134 Vefa, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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Nguyen HX, Nguyen XT, Mai HTH, Nguyen HT, Vu ND, Pham TTP, Nguyen TQ, Nguyen DT, Duong NT, Hoang ALT, Nguyen TN, Le NV, Dao HV, Ngoc MT, Bui MQ. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Dioxins and Furans Occurrence in River Sediments from a Secondary Steel Recycling Craft Village in Northern Vietnam. Molecules 2024; 29:1788. [PMID: 38675609 PMCID: PMC11052440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This first study investigated the presence of dioxins and furans in river sediments around a craft village in Vietnam, focusing on Secondary Steel Recycling. Sediment samples were collected from various locations along the riverbed near the Da Hoi Secondary Steel Recycling village in Bac Ninh province. The analysis was conducted using a HRGC/HRMS-DFS device, detecting a total of 17 dioxin/furan isomers in all samples, with an average total concentration of 288.86 ng/kg d.w. The concentrations of dioxin/furan congeners showed minimal variation among sediment samples, ranging from 253.9 to 344.2 ng/kg d.w. The predominant compounds in the dioxin group were OCDD, while in the furan group, they were 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and OCDF. The chlorine content in the molecule appeared to be closely related to the concentration of dioxins and their percentage distribution. However, the levels of furan isomers did not vary significantly. The distribution of these compounds was not dependent on the flow direction, as they were mainly found in solid waste and are not water-soluble. Although the hepta and octa congeners had high concentrations, when converted to TEQ values, the tetra and penta groups (for dioxins) and the penta and hexa groups (for furans) contributed more to toxicity. Furthermore, the source of dioxins in sediments at Da Hoi does not only originate from steel recycling production activities but also from other combustion sites. The average total toxicity was 10.92 ng TEQ/kg d.w, ranging from 4.99 to 17.88 ng TEQ/kg d.w, which did not exceed the threshold specified in QCVN 43:2017/BTNMT, the National Technical Regulation on Sediment Quality. Nonetheless, these levels are still concerning. The presence of these toxic substances not only impacts aquatic organisms in the sampled water environment but also poses potential health risks to residents living nearby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Xuan Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.X.N.); (X.T.N.)
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Xuyen Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.X.N.); (X.T.N.)
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Hang Thi Hong Mai
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong Street, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi 11021, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Nguyen
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Nam Duc Vu
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Thao Thi Phuong Pham
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Trung Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Science and Public Health, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam;
| | - Dat Tien Nguyen
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Nam Thanh Duong
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Anh Le Tuan Hoang
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Tung Ngoc Nguyen
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Nhan Van Le
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Ha Viet Dao
- Institute of Oceanography, 1 Cau Da Street, Nha Trang 57111, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam;
| | - Minh Truong Ngoc
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
| | - Minh Quang Bui
- Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11353, Vietnam; (H.T.H.M.); (H.T.N.); (N.D.V.); (T.T.P.P.); (D.T.N.); (N.T.D.); (A.L.T.H.); (T.N.N.); (N.V.L.); (M.T.N.)
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Hatzianestis I, Parinos C, Chourdaki S, Plakidi E, Abualnaja Y, Hoteit I, Churchill J, Papageorgiou D, Papadopoulos VP, Alshehri Y, Pavlidou A. Organic contaminants levels, distribution and risk assessment in Jeddah marine coastal zone sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115926. [PMID: 38128252 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, various organic contaminants were determined in surface sediments collected from the Jeddah coastal zone, Saudi Arabia, to assess their levels, origin and probable toxic effects on marine organisms. High hydrocarbons concentrations, indicative of an enhanced pollutant burden, were recorded in the Jeddah Lagoon (mean value 4100 mg/kg for total aliphatic hydrocarbons (∑AHC) and 5800 μg/kg for total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑PAH)), whereas mean values in Mena Jeddah were 258 mg/kg for ∑AHC and 615 μg/kg for ∑PAH. By using molecular diagnostic ratios/indices and applying Positive Matrix Factorization, petroleum related pollution seems to predominate in Jeddah lagoons, whereas carcinogenic contaminants of pyrolytic origin were dominant in Mena Jedda. Additionally, municipal wastewaters were identified as a major source of pollution in Jeddah lagoons. Comparison of the concentrations of individual PAHs and polychlorinated biphenyls with sediment quality guidelines indicates that, despite their high total values, adverse biological effects are unlikely to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hatzianestis
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio av., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece.
| | - C Parinos
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio av., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - S Chourdaki
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio av., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - E Plakidi
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio av., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Y Abualnaja
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Jeddah 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - I Hoteit
- Climate Change Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Churchill
- Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - D Papageorgiou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio av., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - V P Papadopoulos
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio av., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
| | - Y Alshehri
- National Center for Environmental Compliance, Riyadh 13241-3000, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Pavlidou
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (H.C.M.R.), 46.7 Km Athens-Sounio av., Mavro Lithari, 19013 Anavyssos, Attiki, Greece
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8
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Zhou H, Xu X, Wangjin Y, Ye M, Wu T, Wang Z, Cui J. Degradation of sulfamethoxazole and antibiotic resistance genes from surface water in the photocatalyst-loading bionic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165045. [PMID: 37355126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The behavior and removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and 3 typical corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including sul1, sul2, sul3, and 16S rDNA in surface water were investigated in the photocatalyst-loading bionic ecosystems (PCBEs). Synthesized composite photocatalyst g-C3N4/TiO2 showing higher catalytic activity than Fe/g-C3N4/TiO2 was selected in the PCBEs. Five PCBEs, i.e., A-the control (without bionic grass or photocatalyst), B-bionic grass loaded with 4.12 g/m2 g-C3N4/TiO2, C-bionic grass loaded with 8.25 g/m2 g-C3N4/TiO2, D-bionic grass loaded with 12.37 g/m2 g-C3N4/TiO2, and E-bionic grass loaded with 16.5 g/m2 g-C3N4/TiO2 were constructed and operated in a medium-scale running cyclical flume. SMX could be photolyzed efficiently by g-C3N4/TiO2 with an optimal unit load on the bionic grass of 12.37 g/m2. 3-amino-5-methylisooxazole and p-aminobenzene sulfonamide were selected as main intermediates through the analyses of SMX degradation mechanisms and pathways, and detected in the aqueous phase and bionic grass. The intermediates were higher in the underwater part of the bionic grass than the above-water part. The overall removal of SMX ranged from 31.7 % to 82.3 % in 5 PCBEs, and the removal of sul1and sul2 were 0.2 %- 62.9 % in the aqueous phase and 8.4 %-63.2 % in the sediment. PCBE D might be the best construction when SMX and ARGs' removal was considered comprehensively. Moreover, the microbial structures showed Proteobacteria as the most dominant bacterial species had a relative abundance of 22.2 %-26.6 % and 33.4 %-68.2 % in the aquatic phase and sediment respectively, illustrating that the removal of the antibiotic and ARGs was bound up with the variations of dominant bacteria in the ecosystems. The findings illustrated that ecosystems with bionic grass and photocatalysts could be a promising technology for the removal of typical antibiotics and ARGs from surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xinxuan Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yadan Wangjin
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai Technical Institute of Electronics Information, Shanghai, China
| | - Mixuan Ye
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zuxin Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jinyu Cui
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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9
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Khaled-Khodja S, Cheraitia H, Rouibah K, Ferkous H, Durand G, Cherif S, El-Hiti GA, Yadav KK, Erto A, Benguerba Y. Identification of the Contamination Sources by PCBs Using Multivariate Analyses: The Case Study of the Annaba Bay (Algeria) Basin. Molecules 2023; 28:6841. [PMID: 37836682 PMCID: PMC10574193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), particularly the indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were first quantified in water and sediments of two wadis, Boujemaâ and Seybouse, as well as in the effluents from a fertilizer and phytosanitary production industrial plant (Fertial). Since these contaminated discharges end in Annaba Bay (Algeria) in the Mediterranean Sea, with a significant level of contamination, all the potential sources should be identified. In this work, this task is conducted by a multivariate analysis. Liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were applied to quantify seven PCB congeners, usually taken as indicators of contamination. The sum of the PCB concentrations in the sediments ranged from 1 to 6.4 μg/kg dw (dry weight) and up to 0.027 μg/L in waters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used for the multivariate analysis, indicating that the main sources of PCB emissions in the bay are urban/domestic and agricultural/industrial. The outfalls that mostly contribute to the pollution of the gulf are the Boujemaâ wadi, followed by the Seybouse wadi, and finally by the Fertial cluster and more precisely the annex basin of the plant. Although referring to a specific site of local importance, the work aims to present a procedure and a methodological analysis that can be potentially applicable to further case studies all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumeya Khaled-Khodja
- Physical Chemistry of Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Chadli Bendjedid University, BP 73, El Tarf 36000, Algeria;
| | - Hassen Cheraitia
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of exact sciences, Jijel University, BP 98, Ouled Aissa, Jijel 18000, Algeria;
| | - Karima Rouibah
- Laboratory of Materials: Elaborations-Properties-Applications LMEPA, Jijel University, BP 98, Ouled Aissa, Jijel 18000, Algeria;
| | - Hana Ferkous
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de 20 Août 1955 de Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria;
- Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique et Matériaux, Faculté de Technologie, Université de 20 Août 1955 de Skikda, Skikda 21000, Algeria
| | - Gaël Durand
- Public Laboratory Expertise and Analysis Consulting in Bretagne, C.S. 10052, 29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Semia Cherif
- Materials and Environment Research Laboratory for Sustainable Development LR18ES10, ISSBAT, Tunis University El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia;
| | - Gamal A. El-Hiti
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India;
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah 64001, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Alessandro Erto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università Di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie et Pharmaco Technie (LBPT), Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Ferhat ABBAS Setif-1 University, Setif 19000, Algeria;
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10
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Köse E, Çiçek A, Aksu S, Tokatli C, Emiroğlu Ö. Spatio-temporal Sediment Quality Risk Assessment by Using Ecological and Statistical Indicators: A Review of the Upper Sakarya River, Türkiye. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:38. [PMID: 37704772 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, heavy metal accumulation levels (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, As) in biotic [Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782), Squalius pursakensis (Hankó 1925)] and abiotic (sediments) components in a significant freshwater ecosystem in Türkiye were investigated on the basis of seasonal variations using geographic information systems (GIS) and some ecotoxicological risk assessment indices [PLI (pollution load index), PERI (potential ecological risk index), Igeo (geo accumulation index), CF (contamination factor) and BRI (Biological Risk Index)]. GIS-based maps were utilized to depict the distribution of ecotoxicological risk assessment indices to provide a visual explanation by using the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) as an estimation method. Samples were collected seasonally from 12 stations selected on the Upper Sakarya River Basin, which is one of the longest fluvial ecosystems in Türkiye. As a result of applied indices, cadmium was found as the most hazardous heavy metal in terms of PERI and CF, nickel was found as the most hazardous heavy metal in terms of BRI and arsenic was found as the most hazardous heavy metal in terms of Igeo. As a result of applied PCI, 2 statistically significant factors explained 81.31% of the total variance. It was also determined that levels of almost all the investigated heavy metals (except Zn) in muscle tissues of fishes were under the permissible limits of Turkish legislation and the FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esengül Köse
- Eskişehir Vocational School Environmental Protection and Control Program, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Çiçek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sadi Aksu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Cem Tokatli
- İpsala Vocational School, Laboratory Technology Program, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Özgür Emiroğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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11
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Pius C, Koosaletse-Mswela P, Dikinya O, Sichilongo K. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) contamination in sediments and fish from Msimbazi River in Dar es Salam, Tanzania: patterns, sources, and their exposure to humans. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:631. [PMID: 37129693 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Results of a two-dimensional gas chromatograph time of flight mass spectroscopy (GCXGC-TOFMS) determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in sediments and catfish samples collected from the Msimbazi River are presented here. Samples were extracted using USEPA Method 1613. PCDD/Fs congeners in sediments ranged from 2.0 to 393.0 and 0.7 to 654.8 pg/g in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HepCDF was detected at the highest concentration, but all were lower than the USA action level of 1000 pg/g. Toxicity for each of the sampling points ranged from 19.7 to 36.5, with a mean concentration of 27.0 pg WHO 2005-TEQ g-1 in the dry season and 2.0 to 38.7 with a mean concentration of 20.7 pg WHO 2005-TEQ g-1 in the wet season. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was no significant difference between PCDD/Fs TEQ during the dry and wet seasons (p = 0.08; α = 0.05). The highest TEQ value was estimated at Jangwani in the wet season. Toxicity of PCDD/Fs in catfish collected from the Msimbazi River ranged from 9.3 to 145.2, with a mean of 61.2 pg WHO2005-TEQg-1. Tetrachlorodibenzo dioxin (2, 3, 7, and 8-TCDD) was detected in all fish samples and ranged from 3.5 to 12.7 with a mean of 8.1 pg/g. The concentration of TCDD in fish exceeded the Agency for Toxic Substance and Diseases Registry MRL, thus posing a probable high risk to people whose dietary requirements depend on fish from the Msimbazi River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pius
- Department of Chemistry, Mkwawa University College of Education, P.O. Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania.
| | - Pulane Koosaletse-Mswela
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, 00704, Botswana
| | - Oagile Dikinya
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, 00704, Botswana
| | - Kwenga Sichilongo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, 00704, Botswana
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12
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Sedakov R, Osadchiev A, Barnier B, Molines JM, Colombo P. Large chocked lagoon as a barrier for river-sea flux of dissolved pollutants: Case study of the Azov Sea and the Black Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114496. [PMID: 36586199 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Don River is among the largest rivers in the Eastern Europe and is heavily polluted. This river inflows into small and semi-isolated Sea of Azov, which is connected with the Black Sea by a narrow strait. Generally, the Sea of Azov is a large choked lagoon, which serves as a barrier for river-borne constituents. Using numerical modeling, we reveal that presence of the choked lagoon significantly slows down the estuary-seawater flux of dissolved pollutants and slackens its discharge-induced seasonal variability. In particular, the Sea of Azov delays the 5 % and 95 % of the total flux of riverine pollution to the Black Sea by 9 and 36 months, respectively. The obtained results are important for assessment the influence of background and emergency pollution accidents at the Don River on water quality in the study region. Moreover, these results could be applied to many other chocked lagoons in the World Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Sedakov
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskiy prospekt 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Osadchiev
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskiy prospekt 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Instituskiy Lane 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Bernard Barnier
- Institute des Géosciences del'Environment, UGA/CNRS/IRD, Cedex 9, 38 058 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Molines
- Institute des Géosciences del'Environment, UGA/CNRS/IRD, Cedex 9, 38 058 Grenoble, France.
| | - Pedro Colombo
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Li H, Wang P, Ju Y, Li W, Yang R, Li G, Ren W, Li J, Zhang Q. Occurrence and Source Identification of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Sediments from Liangshui River in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16465. [PMID: 36554346 PMCID: PMC9779105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in the surface sediments of Liangshui River, the second largest drainage river in Beijing, China. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls ranged from 3.5 to 3019 (mean value: 184) pg g-1 dry weight and from 319 to 5949 (mean value: 1958) pg g-1 dry weight, and the corresponding World Health Organization toxic equivalent quantity values were 0.0011-5.1 pg TEQ g-1 dry weight and 0.0074-1.4 pg TEQ g-1 dry weight, respectively. The spatial distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls showed increasing trends from urban area and development area to suburb. Principal component analysis revealed that polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans contamination in the sediments may originate from pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate and municipal solid waste incineration. Regarding polychlorinated biphenyls, the steel industry, combustion processes and usage of some commercial polychlorinated biphenyl products were identified as the major sources. The emission from a former steel plant could be the main contributor to polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas. The mean value of the total toxic equivalent quantities in the sediment samples exceeded the Canadian interim sediment quality guidelines. Long-term wastewater irrigation increases the load of sediment-bound pollutants in agricultural soil and may pose potential ecological risks to crops and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yongming Ju
- Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, China
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control of Guangdong Province, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ruiqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wenqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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De Rosa E, Montuori P, Triassi M, Masucci A, Nardone A. Occurrence and Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) from Sele River, Southern Italy: Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in a Water-Sediment System. TOXICS 2022; 10:662. [PMID: 36355953 PMCID: PMC9697341 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations, possible sources, and ecological risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were studied by analyzing water column (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediment samples from 10 sites on the Sele River. Total PCBs concentration ranged from 2.94 to 54.4 ng/L and 5.01 to 79.3 ng/g in the seawater and sediment samples, with OCPs concentration in the range of 0.51 to 8.76 ng/L and 0.50 to 10.2 ng/g, respectively. Pollutants loads in the seaside were measured in approximately 89.7 kg/year (73.2 kg/year of PCBs and 16.5 kg/year of OCPs), indicating that the watercourse could be an important cause of contamination to the Tyrrhenian Sea. Statistical analysis indicates that all polychlorinated biphenyls analytes are more probable to derive from surface runoff than an atmospheric deposition. The results explain that higher concentrations of these pollutants were built in sediment samples rather than in the other two phases, which are evidence of historical loads of PCBs and OCPs contaminants. The Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the Ecological Risk Index (ERI) and the Risk Quotient (RQ) show that the Sele river and its estuary would reputedly be a zone possibly at risk.
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15
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Shi J, Huang L, Sanganyado E, Mo J, Zhao H, Xiang L, Wong MH, Liu W. Spatial distribution and ecological risks of polychlorinated biphenyls in a river basin affected by traditional and emerging electronic waste recycling in South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:114010. [PMID: 36030683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With development of e-waste related legislation in China, formal recycling activities are designated in some areas while informal ones are illegally transferred to emerging areas to avoid supervision. However, the resulting environmental impact and ecological risks are not clear. Here, we investigated the discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to soil and aquatic environments by e-waste recycling activities in the Lian River Basin, China. The study area included a designated industrial park in the traditional e-waste recycling area (Guiyu, known as the world's largest e-waste center), several emerging informal recycling zones, and their surrounding areas and coastal area. A total of 27 PCBs were analyzed, and the highest concentration was found in an emerging site for soil (354 ng g-1) and in a traditional site for sediment (1350 ng g--1) respectively. The pollution levels were significantly higher in both the traditional and emerging recycling areas than in their respective upstream countryside areas (p = 0.0356 and 0.0179, respectively). Source analysis revealed that the traditional and emerging areas had similar PCB sources mainly associated with three PCB technical mixtures manufactured in Japan (KC600) and the USA (Aroclor 1260 and Aroclor 1262). The PCB pollution in their downstream areas including the coastal area was evidently affected by the formal and informal recycling activities through river runoff. The ecological risk assessments showed that PCBs in soils and sediments in the Lian River Basin could cause adverse ecotoxicological consequences to humans and aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
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16
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Aravind Kumar J, Krithiga T, Sathish S, Renita AA, Prabu D, Lokesh S, Geetha R, Namasivayam SKR, Sillanpaa M. Persistent organic pollutants in water resources: Fate, occurrence, characterization and risk analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154808. [PMID: 35341870 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic chemicals that can persist in the environment for a longer period due to their non-biodegradability. The pervasive and bio-accumulative behavior of POPs makes them highly toxic to the environmental species including plants, animals, and humans. The present review specifies the POP along with their fate, persistence, occurrence, and risk analysis towards humans. The different biological POPs degradation methods, especially the microbial degradation using bacteria, fungi, algae, and actinomycetes, and their mechanisms were described. Moreover, the source, transport of POPs to the environmental sources, and the toxic nature of POPs were discussed in detail. Agricultural and industrial activities are distinguished as the primary source of these toxic compounds, which are delivered to air, soil, and water, affecting on the social and economic advancement of society at a worldwide scale. This review also demonstrated the microbial degradation of POPs and outlines the potential for an eco-accommodating and cost-effective approach for the biological remediation of POPs using microbes. The direction for future research in eliminating POPs from the environmental sources through various microbial processes was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aravind Kumar
- Department of Biomass and Energy Conversion, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - T Krithiga
- Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
| | - S Sathish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
| | - A Annam Renita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India.
| | - D Prabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
| | - S Lokesh
- Department of Biomass and Energy Conversion, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - R Geetha
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, India
| | - S Karthick Raja Namasivayam
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
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17
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A Review of Pyrene Bioremediation Using Mycobacterium Strains in a Different Matrix. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8060260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are compounds with 2 or more benzene rings, and 16 of them have been classified as priority pollutants. Among them, pyrene has been found in higher concentrations than recommended, posing a threat to the ecosystem. Many bacterial strains have been identified as pyrene degraders. Most of them belong to Gram-positive strains such as Mycobacterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp. These strains were enriched and isolated from several sites contaminated with petroleum products, such as fuel stations. The bioremediation of pyrene via Mycobacterium strains is the main objective of this review. The scattered data on the degradation efficiency, formation of pyrene metabolites, bio-toxicity of pyrene and its metabolites, and proposed degradation pathways were collected in this work. The study revealed that most of the Mycobacterium strains were capable of degrading pyrene efficiently. The main metabolites of pyrene were 4,5-dihydroxy pyrene, phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylate, phthalic acid, and pyrene-4,5-dihydrodiol. Some metabolites showed positive results for the Ames mutagenicity prediction test, such as 1,2-phenanthrenedicarboxylic acid, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4,5-dihydropyrene, 4-phenanthrene-carboxylic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenanthrene, monohydroxy pyrene, and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone. However, 4-phenanthrol showed positive results for experimental and prediction tests. This study may contribute to enhancing the bioremediation of pyrene in a different matrix.
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Prekrasna I, Pavlovska M, Oleinik I, Dykyi E, Slobodnik J, Alygizakis N, Solomenko L, Stoica E. Bacterial communities of the Black Sea exhibit activity against persistent organic pollutants in the water column and sediments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113367. [PMID: 35272192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to degrade organic pollutants influences their fate in the environment, impact on the other biota and accumulation in the food web. The aim of this study was to evaluate abundance and expression activity of the catabolic genes targeting widespread pollutants, such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachloro-cyclohexane (HCH) in the Black Sea water column and sediments. Concentrations of PAHs, PCBs and HCH were determined by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) and electron capture (ECD) detectors. bphA1, PAH-RHDα, nahAc, linA and linB that encode biphenyl 2,3 dioxygenase, α-subunits of ring hydroxylating dioxygenases, naphthalene dioxygenase, dehydrochlorinase and halidohydrolase correspondently were quantified by quantitative PCR. More recalcitrant PAHs, PCBs and HCH tended to accumulate in the Black Sea environments. In water samples, 3- and 4-ringed PAHs outnumbered naphthalene, while PAHs with > 4 rings prevailed in the sediments. Congeners with 4-8 chlorines with ortho-position of the substituents were the most abundant among the PCBs. β-HCH was determined at highest concentration in water samples, and total amount of HCH exceeded its legacy Environmental Quality Standard value. bphA1, was the most numerous gene in water layers (105 copies/mL) and sediments (105 copies/mg), followed by linB and PAH-RHDα genes (103 copies/mL; 105 copies/mg). The least abundant genes were linA (103 copies/mL; 104 copies/mg) and nahAc (102 copies/mL; 104 copies/mg). The most widely distributed gene bphА1 was one of the least expressed (10-3-10-2 copies/mL; 10-1 copies/mg). The most actively expressed genes were linB (101-102 copies/mL; 103 copies/mg), PAH-RHDα (101 copies/mL; 102 copies/mg) and linA (10-1-100 copies/mL; 100 copies/mg). Interaction of bacteria with PAHs, PCBs and HCH is evidenced by high copy numbers of the catabolic genes that initiate their degradation. More persistent compounds, such as high-molecular weight PAHs or β-HCH are accumulating in the Black Sea water and sediments, albeit microbial activity is directed against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgeniia Prekrasna
- State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Taras Shevchenko Blvd., 16, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Pavlovska
- State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Taras Shevchenko Blvd., 16, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15, Heroiv Oborony Str., 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iurii Oleinik
- Ukrainian Scientific Center of Ecology of the Sea, 89 Frantsuzsky Blvd., 65009 Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Evgen Dykyi
- State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center, Taras Shevchenko Blvd., 16, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okruzna 784/42, 97241 Kos, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Liudmyla Solomenko
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15, Heroiv Oborony Str., 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Elena Stoica
- National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa", Blvd. Mamaia no. 300, RO-900581 Constanţa 3, Romania.
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Guzel B, Canlı O. An environmental friendly and stable analytical method for the determination of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in solid and waste oil samples by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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