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Eintracht J, Owen N, Harding P, Moosajee M. Disruption of common ocular developmental pathways in patient-derived optic vesicle models of microphthalmia. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:839-858. [PMID: 38821055 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic perturbations influencing early eye development can result in microphthalmia, anophthalmia, and coloboma (MAC). Over 100 genes are associated with MAC, but little is known about common disease mechanisms. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived optic vesicles (OVs) from two unrelated microphthalmia patients and healthy controls. At day 20, 35, and 50, microphthalmia patient OV diameters were significantly smaller, recapitulating the "small eye" phenotype. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed upregulation of apoptosis-initiating and extracellular matrix (ECM) genes at day 20 and 35. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression of lumican, nidogen, and collagen type IV, suggesting ECM overproduction. Increased apoptosis was observed in microphthalmia OVs with reduced phospho-histone 3 (pH3+) cells confirming decreased cell proliferation at day 35. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-8 activity with Z-IETD-FMK decreased apoptosis in one patient model, highlighting a potential therapeutic approach. These data reveal shared pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to a microphthalmia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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2
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Fu X, Zhang F, Zhen F, Duan L, Zhou J, Ma J. A chemiluminescence immunoassay for type IV collagen as a promising marker for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2248-2255. [PMID: 38568684 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02240d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a magnetic bead-based chemiluminescence assay is reported to detect type IV collagen (col-IV) in serum samples. Magnetic beads (MBs) exhibit biocompatibility. Taking advantage of this property, they were conjugated with the col-IV antibody. For the determination of col-IV, the interaction of the col-IV sample, anti-(col-IV)-alkaline phosphatase (anti-(col-IV)-ALP) and anti-col-IV-magnetic beads (anti-(col-IV)-MBs) was performed to generate chemiluminescence. Under the optimized conditions, the developed method displayed good linearity in the concentration range of 20-2000 ng mL-1 with the limit of 0.79 ng mL-1. The repeatability coefficient of variation (CV) for col-IV detection ranged from 3.16% to 7.50%. The col-IV level in samples collected from a hospital was assessed by the chemiluminescence assay. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained ranging from 93.30% to 100.14%. In conclusion, the magnetic bead-based chemiluminescence assay may be used as a routine and efficient tool to detect type IV collagen in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Dalian Public Health Clinical Center, Dalian 116031, China
| | - Fangda Zhen
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Lian Duan
- The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Yulin Testing and Research Institute, Yulin 537000, China
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Shuyang Zhongxing Hospital, Jiangsu 223600, China.
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3
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Junga A, Babenko T, Fedirko P, Pilmane M. Distribution and appearance of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV in strabismus-affected extraocular muscle tissue compared with control tissue. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241233521. [PMID: 38436252 PMCID: PMC10913506 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241233521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extraocular muscles have complex development processes. The present study aimed to analyze the presence of myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV in the strabismus-affected extraocular muscle. METHODS This research was an observational case-control study. Myosin, dystrophin, and collagen IV were detected by histological and immunohistochemical analyses of extraocular muscle samples from concomitant strabismus patients and controls. A semi-quantitative grading method and statistical analysis were used. RESULTS In the strabismus-affected extraocular muscle, morphological analysis demonstrated different-sized muscle fibers. Immature muscle fibers and an increased amount of connective tissue were also noted. Strong positive correlations were identified between myosin and collagen IV and between dystrophin and collagen IV. CONCLUSIONS The presence of newly formed muscle fibers, increased connective tissue, and variable diameters of skeletal striated muscle fibers indicate the decreased quality of extraocular muscles in strabismus cases. Reduced levels of myosin and dystrophin and a near absence of collagen IV in strabismus-affected skeletal striated muscle fibers characterized the muscular dystrophy of strabismus. Adjuvant therapy aimed at normalizing the metabolism of these muscles may be appropriate alongside concomitant strabismus treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Junga
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Tetyana Babenko
- Institute of Radiation Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Fedirko
- Institute of Radiation Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mara Pilmane
- Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, Rīga, Latvia
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4
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Ovadia S, Cui G, Elkon R, Cohen-Gulkar M, Zuk-Bar N, Tuoc T, Jing N, Ashery-Padan R. SWI/SNF complexes are required for retinal pigmented epithelium differentiation and for the inhibition of cell proliferation and neural differentiation programs. Development 2023; 150:dev201488. [PMID: 37522516 PMCID: PMC10482007 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, tissue-specific transcription factors and chromatin remodelers function together to ensure gradual, coordinated differentiation of multiple lineages. Here, we define this regulatory interplay in the developing retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), a neuroectodermal lineage essential for the development, function and maintenance of the adjacent retina. We present a high-resolution spatial transcriptomic atlas of the developing mouse RPE and the adjacent ocular mesenchyme obtained by geographical position sequencing (Geo-seq) of a single developmental stage of the eye that encompasses young and more mature ocular progenitors. These transcriptomic data, available online, reveal the key transcription factors and their gene regulatory networks during RPE and ocular mesenchyme differentiation. Moreover, conditional inactivation followed by Geo-seq revealed that this differentiation program is dependent on the activity of SWI/SNF complexes, shown here to control the expression and activity of RPE transcription factors and, at the same time, inhibit neural progenitor and cell proliferation genes. The findings reveal the roles of the SWI/SNF complexes in controlling the intersection between RPE and neural cell fates and the coupling of cell-cycle exit and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Ovadia
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Guizhong Cui
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Ran Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Mazal Cohen-Gulkar
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nitay Zuk-Bar
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tran Tuoc
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University of Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Naihe Jing
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Department of Basic Research, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Ruth Ashery-Padan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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5
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LeBleu VS, Dai J, Tsutakawa S, MacDonald BA, Alge JL, Sund M, Xie L, Sugimoto H, Tainer J, Zon LI, Kalluri R. Identification of unique α4 chain structure and conserved antiangiogenic activity of α3NC1 type IV collagen in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1046-1060. [PMID: 37002899 PMCID: PMC10524752 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type IV collagen is an abundant component of basement membranes in all multicellular species and is essential for the extracellular scaffold supporting tissue architecture and function. Lower organisms typically have two type IV collagen genes, encoding α1 and α2 chains, in contrast with the six genes in humans, encoding α1-α6 chains. The α chains assemble into trimeric protomers, the building blocks of the type IV collagen network. The detailed evolutionary conservation of type IV collagen network remains to be studied. RESULTS We report on the molecular evolution of type IV collagen genes. The zebrafish α4 non-collagenous (NC1) domain, in contrast with its human ortholog, contains an additional cysteine residue and lacks the M93 and K211 residues involved in sulfilimine bond formation between adjacent protomers. This may alter α4 chain interactions with other α chains, as supported by temporal and anatomic expression patterns of collagen IV chains during the zebrafish development. Despite the divergence between zebrafish and human α3 NC1 domain (endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, Tumstatin), the zebrafish α3 NC1 domain exhibits conserved antiangiogenic activity in human endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our work supports type IV collagen is largely conserved between zebrafish and humans, with a possible difference involving the α4 chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine and Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianli Dai
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Tsutakawa
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Brian A MacDonald
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph L Alge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Malin Sund
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Tainer
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Matrix Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Magliyah MS, Almarek F, Nowilaty SR, Al-Abdi L, Alkuraya FS, Alowain M, Schatz P, Alfaadhel T, Khan AO, Alsulaiman SM. LEPREL1 -RELATED GIANT RETINAL TEAR DETACHMENTS MIMIC THE PHENOTYPE OF OCULAR STICKLER SYNDROME. Retina 2023; 43:498-505. [PMID: 36729830 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the features of retinal detachments and high myopia in patients with novel pathogenic variants in LEPREL1 and report a possible association with nephropathy. METHODS Retrospective study of 10 children with biallelic LEPREL1 pathogenic variants. Data included ophthalmic features, surgical interventions, and genetic and laboratory findings. RESULTS 10 patients (8 females) from three families with homozygous (2) or compound heterozygous (1) variants in LEPREL1 were included. At presentation, mean age was 9.9 ± 2.6 years. Mean axial length was 28.9 ± 1.9 mm and mean refraction was -13.9 ± 2.8 diopters. Bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts were present in eight patients (80%), with lens subluxation in five eyes of three patients (30%). Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD), associated with giant retinal tears (GRT), developed in seven eyes of five patients (50%) at a mean age of 14.14 ± 5.9 years. Six were successfully reattached with mean Snellen best-corrected visual acuity improving from 20/120 preoperatively to 20/60 at last follow-up. Urinalysis in nine patients revealed microhematuria and/or mild proteinuria in six patients (67%). CONCLUSION LEPREL1 -related high myopia confers a high risk of early-onset GRT-related RRD. The ocular phenotype may be confused with that of ocular Stickler syndrome if genetic testing is not performed. Further investigations into a potential association with renal dysfunction are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S Magliyah
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Mohammed Medical City, AlJouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Almarek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan R Nowilaty
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Al-Abdi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alowain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrik Schatz
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Talal Alfaadhel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif O Khan
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Koudouna E, Young RD, Quantock AJ, Ralphs JR. Developmental Changes in Patterns of Distribution of Fibronectin and Tenascin-C in the Chicken Cornea: Evidence for Distinct and Independent Functions during Corneal Development and Morphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043555. [PMID: 36834965 PMCID: PMC9964472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea forms the tough and transparent anterior part of the eye and by accurate shaping forms the major refractive element for vision. Its largest component is the stroma, a dense collagenous connective tissue positioned between the epithelium and the endothelium. In chicken embryos, the stroma initially develops as the primary stroma secreted by the epithelium, which is then invaded by migratory neural crest cells. These cells secrete an organised multi-lamellar collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM), becoming keratocytes. Within individual lamellae, collagen fibrils are parallel and orientated approximately orthogonally in adjacent lamellae. In addition to collagens and associated small proteoglycans, the ECM contains the multifunctional adhesive glycoproteins fibronectin and tenascin-C. We show in embryonic chicken corneas that fibronectin is present but is essentially unstructured in the primary stroma before cell migration and develops as strands linking migrating cells as they enter, maintaining their relative positions as they populate the stroma. Fibronectin also becomes prominent in the epithelial basement membrane, from which fibronectin strings penetrate into the stromal lamellar ECM at right angles. These are present throughout embryonic development but are absent in adults. Stromal cells associate with the strings. Since the epithelial basement membrane is the anterior stromal boundary, strings may be used by stromal cells to determine their relative anterior-posterior positions. Tenascin-C is organised differently, initially as an amorphous layer above the endothelium and subsequently extending anteriorly and organising into a 3D mesh when the stromal cells arrive, enclosing them. It continues to shift anteriorly in development, disappearing posteriorly, and finally becoming prominent in Bowman's layer beneath the epithelium. The similarity of tenascin-C and collagen organisation suggests that it may link cells to collagen, allowing cells to control and organise the developing ECM architecture. Fibronectin and tenascin-C have complementary roles in cell migration, with the former being adhesive and the latter being antiadhesive and able to displace cells from their adhesion to fibronectin. Thus, in addition to the potential for associations between cells and the ECM, the two could be involved in controlling migration and adhesion and subsequent keratocyte differentiation. Despite the similarities in structure and binding capabilities of the two glycoproteins and the fact that they occupy similar regions of the developing stroma, there is little colocalisation, demonstrating their distinctive roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Koudouna
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Robert D. Young
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Andrew J. Quantock
- Structural Biophysics Group, School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - James R. Ralphs
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Correspondence:
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8
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Mao M, Labelle-Dumais C, Tufa SF, Keene DR, Gould DB. Elevated TGFβ signaling contributes to ocular anterior segment dysgenesis in Col4a1 mutant mice. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:151-173. [PMID: 35525525 PMCID: PMC10410753 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) refers to a collection of developmental disorders affecting the anterior structures of the eye. Although a number of genes have been implicated in the etiology of ASD, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Mutations in genes encoding collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause Gould syndrome, a multi-system disorder that often includes ocular manifestations such as ASD and glaucoma. COL4A1 and COL4A2 are abundant basement membrane proteins that provide structural support to tissues and modulate signaling through interactions with other extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and cell surface receptors. In this study, we used a combination of histological, molecular, genetic and pharmacological approaches to demonstrate that altered TGFβ signaling contributes to ASD in mouse models of Gould syndrome. We show that TGFβ signaling was elevated in anterior segments from Col4a1 mutant mice and that genetically reducing TGFβ signaling partially prevented ASD. Notably, we identified distinct roles for TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 in ocular defects observed in Col4a1 mutant mice. Importantly, we show that pharmacologically promoting type IV collagen secretion or reducing TGFβ signaling ameliorated ocular pathology in Col4a1 mutant mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate that altered TGFβ signaling contributes to COL4A1-related ocular dysgenesis and implicate this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Gould syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Sara F Tufa
- Shriners Children's, Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Shriners Children's, Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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9
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Novel Mutations Identified in the Chinese Han Population with Keratoconus by Next-Generation Sequencing. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:9991910. [PMID: 35186329 PMCID: PMC8853779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9991910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To identify novel mutations in keratoconus (KC) susceptibility genes in the Chinese Han population. Methods. A total of fifty-two patients with primary KC were recruited. Blood samples were collected, and genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. The entire coding region, intron-exon junctions, and promoter regions of sixteen known KC susceptibility genes were screened with next-generation sequencing technology. All identified variants were further confirmed using the Sanger sequencing technology. The Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT), MutationTaster, and PolyPhen 2 programs were used to predict the effect of amino acid substitution on protein. Results. After removing twelve known SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and three variants predicted to be harmless, nine novel mutations were identified in eight of the fifty-two patients, including c.455C > T:p.P152L in FNDC3B; c.3636_3637del:p.R1212fs in COL4A4; c.5015G > T:p.R1672L, c.3798dupA:p.P1267fs, and c.28G > A:p.A10T in MPDZ; c.1940C > T:p.P647L in DOCK9; c.127_128insGGC:p.Q43delinsRQ in POLG; c.3019G > A:p.V1007I in IPO5; and c.624 + 7− > A in TGFBI. All nine mutations in the patients with KC were heterozygote. Conclusion. This study enlarged the gene profile of KC and should be further confirmed by well-powered, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Han Chinese patients.
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10
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Roy A, Alnakhli TH, Gauld JW. Computational insights into the formation and nature of the sulfilimine bond in collagen-IV. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21092-21102. [PMID: 35919832 PMCID: PMC9306264 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen IV is essential component of basement membrane in the tissues. It provides proper cellular structure by the formation of sulfilimine bond (S
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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N) between methionine and lysine or hydroxylysine (cross-links) residues which can be formed with or without post-translational modification. The sulfilimine bond has critical roles in tissue development and human diseases. Peroxidasin, a basement membrane peroxidase, generates reactive halogen species including hypobromous (HOBr) acid and hypochlorous (HOCl) acid which help to form halosulfonium or haloamine. The sulfilamine bond can be formed either by the formation of halosulfonium or by the formation of halomine. The aim of the study is the investigation of the formation of sulfilimine bond and its nature in collagen IV using multi-scale approach that included MD, QM-cluster, systematic series of small models, and NBO analysis. These results suggest that sulfilimine bond can be formed either via brominated/chlorinated halosulfonium or haloamine pathway. The results of systematic series of small model indicate that the formation of sulfilimine complex from halosulfonium happens through the formation of positively charged halosulfonated sulfilimine complex. It also suggests that the formation of sulfilimine complex from haloamine occurs through the formation of positively charged sulfilimine complex where the S and N bond forms and halogen goes off at the same time. Furthermore, the NBO analysis suggest the S and N bond is strongly polarized toward nitrogen in both single protonated and neutral system, Nδ− ← Sδ+ and also indicate the existence of a coordinate covalent (i.e. dative) bond. The proposed mechanisms for formation of the sulfilimine bond in collagen IV, and effects of protonation on the nature and properties of the bond have been computationally examined.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupom Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Taqred H. Alnakhli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - James W. Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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11
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Savige J, Lipska-Zietkiewicz BS, Watson E, Hertz JM, Deltas C, Mari F, Hilbert P, Plevova P, Byers P, Cerkauskaite A, Gregory M, Cerkauskiene R, Ljubanovic DG, Becherucci F, Errichiello C, Massella L, Aiello V, Lennon R, Hopkinson L, Koziell A, Lungu A, Rothe HM, Hoefele J, Zacchia M, Martic TN, Gupta A, van Eerde A, Gear S, Landini S, Palazzo V, al-Rabadi L, Claes K, Corveleyn A, Van Hoof E, van Geel M, Williams M, Ashton E, Belge H, Ars E, Bierzynska A, Gangemi C, Renieri A, Storey H, Flinter F. Guidelines for Genetic Testing and Management of Alport Syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 17:143-154. [PMID: 34930753 PMCID: PMC8763160 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04230321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic testing for pathogenic COL4A3-5 variants is usually undertaken to investigate the cause of persistent hematuria, especially with a family history of hematuria or kidney function impairment. Alport syndrome experts now advocate genetic testing for persistent hematuria, even when a heterozygous pathogenic COL4A3 or COL4A4 is suspected, and cascade testing of their first-degree family members because of their risk of impaired kidney function. The experts recommend too that COL4A3 or COL4A4 heterozygotes do not act as kidney donors. Testing for variants in the COL4A3-COL4A5 genes should also be performed for persistent proteinuria and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to suspected inherited FSGS and for familial IgA glomerulonephritis and kidney failure of unknown cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Savige
- Department of Medicine (Melbourne Health and Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Watson
- South West Genetic Laboratory Hub, North Bristol Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Michael Hertz
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Constantinos Deltas
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Francesca Mari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pascale Hilbert
- Departement de Biologie Moleculaire, Institute de Pathologie et de Genetique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pavlina Plevova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Agne Cerkauskaite
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Martin Gregory
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rimante Cerkauskiene
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Danica Galesic Ljubanovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Laura Massella
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Aiello
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Hopkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ania Koziell
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Lungu
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Asheeta Gupta
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Samuela Landini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio,” University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Viviana Palazzo
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laith al-Rabadi
- Health Sciences Centre, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kathleen Claes
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anniek Corveleyn
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Hoof
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals and Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Micheel van Geel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maggie Williams
- Bristol Genetics Laboratory Pathology Sciences, Southmead Hospital, Southmead, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Ashton
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hendica Belge
- Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Center for Human Genetics, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Elisabet Ars
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundacio Puigvert, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Instituto de Investigación Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Bristol Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Concetta Gangemi
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Helen Storey
- Molecular Genetics, Viapath Laboratories, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Flinter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Qureshi K, Farooq MU, Deol A, Glisson C, Gorelick PB. Bilateral Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy in a Patient with a COL4A2 Mutation. Neuroophthalmology 2021; 46:190-193. [DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2021.1992447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Qureshi
- Mercy Health, Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Muhammad U. Farooq
- Mercy Health, Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Avneet Deol
- College of literature, science, and the arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher Glisson
- Mercy Health, Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Philip B. Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Mercy Health, Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States of America
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13
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Song Y, Overmass M, Fan J, Hodge C, Sutton G, Lovicu FJ, You J. Application of Collagen I and IV in Bioengineering Transparent Ocular Tissues. Front Surg 2021; 8:639500. [PMID: 34513910 PMCID: PMC8427501 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.639500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens represent a major group of structural proteins expressed in different tissues and display distinct and variable properties. Whilst collagens are non-transparent in the skin, they confer transparency in the cornea and crystalline lens of the eye. There are 28 types of collagen that all share a common triple helix structure yet differ in the composition of their α-chains leading to their different properties. The different organization of collagen fibers also contributes to the variable tissue morphology. The important ability of collagen to form different tissues has led to the exploration and application of collagen as a biomaterial. Collagen type I (Col-I) and collagen type IV (Col-IV) are the two primary collagens found in corneal and lens tissues. Both collagens provide structure and transparency, essential for a clear vision. This review explores the application of these two collagen types as novel biomaterials in bioengineering unique tissue that could be used to treat a variety of ocular diseases leading to blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Song
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Morgan Overmass
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chris Hodge
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales (NSW) Tissue Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vision Eye Institute, Chatswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerard Sutton
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales (NSW) Tissue Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Vision Eye Institute, Chatswood, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jingjing You
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Butler JM, Supharattanasitthi W, Yang YC, Paraoan L. RNA-seq analysis of ageing human retinal pigment epithelium: Unexpected up-regulation of visual cycle gene transcription. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5572-5585. [PMID: 33934486 PMCID: PMC8184696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing presents adverse effects on the retina and is the primary risk factor for age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). We report the first RNA‐seq analysis of age‐related transcriptional changes in the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the primary site of AMD pathogenesis. Whole transcriptome sequencing of RPE from human donors ranging in age from 31 to 93 reveals that ageing is associated with increasing transcription of main RPE‐associated visual cycle genes (including LRAT, RPE65, RDH5, RDH10, RDH11; pathway enrichment BH‐adjusted P = 4.6 × 10−6). This positive correlation is replicated in an independent set of 28 donors and a microarray dataset of 50 donors previously published. LRAT expression is positively regulated by retinoid by‐products of the visual cycle (A2E and all‐trans‐retinal) involving modulation by retinoic acid receptor alpha transcription factor. The results substantiate a novel age‐related positive feedback mechanism between accumulation of retinoid by‐products in the RPE and the up‐regulation of visual cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe M Butler
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wasu Supharattanasitthi
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yit C Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wolverhampton Eye Infirmary, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Prolyl 3-Hydroxylase 2 Is a Molecular Player of Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083896. [PMID: 33918807 PMCID: PMC8069486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2 (P3H2) catalyzes the post-translational formation of 3-hydroxyproline on collagens, mainly on type IV. Its activity has never been directly associated to angiogenesis. Here, we identified P3H2 gene through a deep-sequencing transcriptome analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Differently from many previous studies we carried out the stimulation not on starved HUVECs, but on cells grown to maintain the best condition for their in vitro survival and propagation. We showed that P3H2 is induced by VEGF-A in two primary human endothelial cell lines and that its transcription is modulated by VEGF-A/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) signaling pathway through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Then, we demonstrated that P3H2, through its activity on type IV Collagen, is essential for angiogenesis properties of endothelial cells in vitro by performing experiments of gain- and loss-of-function. Immunofluorescence studies showed that the overexpression of P3H2 induced a more condensed status of Collagen IV, accompanied by an alignment of the cells along the Collagen IV bundles, so towards an evident pro-angiogenic status. Finally, we found that P3H2 knockdown prevents pathological angiogenesis in vivo, in the model of laser-induced choroid neovascularization. Together these findings reveal that P3H2 is a new molecular player involved in new vessels formation and could be considered as a potential target for anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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16
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Sijilmassi O, Del Río Sevilla A, Maldonado Bautista E, Barrio Asensio MDC. Gestational folic acid deficiency alters embryonic eye development: Possible role of basement membrane proteins in eye malformations. Nutrition 2021; 90:111250. [PMID: 33962364 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Folic acid (FA) is crucial before and during early pregnancy. FA deficiency can occur because dietary FA intake is low in mothers at the time of conception. Likewise, various ocular pathologies are related to the alteration of extracellular matrices. The present study aimed to investigate the association between maternal FA deficiency and congenital eye defects. We also investigated whether maternal diet deficient in FA alters the expression of collagen IV and laminin-1 as a possible mechanism responsible for the appearance of ocular malformations. Both proteins are the main components of the basal lamina, and form an interlaced network that creates a relevant scaffold basement membrane. Basal laminae are involved in tissues maintenance and implicated in regulating many cellular processes. METHODS A total of 57 mouse embryos were classified into the following groups: Control group, (mothers were fed a standard rodent diet), and D2 and D8 groups (mothers were fed FA-deficient [FAD] diet for 2 or 8 wk, respectively). Female mice from group D2 were fed a FAD diet (0 mg/kg diet + 1% succinyl sulfathiazole used to block the synthesis of FA) for 2 wk from the day after mating until day 14.5 of gestation (E14.5). On the other hand, female mice from group D8 were fed a FAD diet for 8 wk (6 wk before conception and during the first 2 wk of pregnancy). For the data analysis, we first estimated the incidence of malformations in each group. Then, the statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 25.0. Expression patterns of collagen IV and laminin-1 were examined with the immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS Our results showed that mice born to FA-deficient mothers had several congenital eye abnormalities. Embryos from dams fed a short-term FAD diet were found to have many significant abnormalities in both anterior and posterior segments, as well as choroidal vessel abnormalities. However, embryos from dams fed a long-term FAD diet had a significantly higher incidence of eye defects. Finally, maternal FA deficiency increased the expression of both collagen IV and laminin-1. Likewise, changes in the spatial localization and organization of collagen IV were observed. CONCLUSIONS A maternal FAD diet for a short-term period causes eye developmental defects and induces overexpression of both collagen IV and laminin-1. The malformations observed are probably related to alterations in the expression of basement membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouafa Sijilmassi
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aurora Del Río Sevilla
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Maldonado Bautista
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Barrio Asensio
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Medicine, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Madrid, Spain
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17
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DeDreu J, Walker JL, Menko AS. Dynamics of the lens basement membrane capsule and its interaction with connective tissue-like extracapsular matrix proteins. Matrix Biol 2021; 96:18-46. [PMID: 33383103 PMCID: PMC7902460 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lens, suspended in the middle of the eye by tendon-like ciliary zonule fibers and facing three different compartments of the eye, is enclosed in what has been described as the thickest basement membrane in the body. While the protein components of the capsule have been a subject of study for many years, the dynamics of capsule formation, and the region-specific relationship of its basement membrane components to one another as well as to other matrix molecules remains to be explored. Through high resolution confocal and super-resolution imaging of the lens capsule and 3D surface renderings of acquired z-stacks, our studies revealed that each of its basement membrane proteins, laminin, collagen IV, nidogen and perlecan, has unique structure, organization, and distribution specific both to the region of the lens that the capsule is located in and the position of the capsule within the eye. We provide evidence of basal membrane gradients across the depth of the capsule as well as the synthesis of distinct basement membrane lamella within the capsule. These distinctions are most prominent in the equatorial capsule zone where collagen IV and nidogen span the capsule depth, while laminin and perlecan are located in two separate lamellae located at the innermost and outermost capsule domains. We discovered that an extracapsular matrix compartment rich in the connective tissue-like matrix molecules fibronectin, tenascin-C, and fibrillin is integrated with the superficial surface of the lens capsule. Each matrix protein in this extracapsular zone also exhibits region-specific distribution with fibrils of fibrillin, the matrix protein that forms the backbone of the ciliary zonules, inserting within the laminin/perlecan lamella at the surface of the equatorial lens capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- JodiRae DeDreu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 564 Jefferson Alumni Hall, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - Janice L Walker
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 564 Jefferson Alumni Hall, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| | - A Sue Menko
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 564 Jefferson Alumni Hall, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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Vijayasarathy C, Zeng Y, Brooks MJ, Fariss RN, Sieving PA. Genetic Rescue of X-Linked Retinoschisis Mouse ( Rs1-/y) Retina Induces Quiescence of the Retinal Microglial Inflammatory State Following AAV8- RS1 Gene Transfer and Identifies Gene Networks Underlying Retinal Recovery. Hum Gene Ther 2020; 32:667-681. [PMID: 33019822 PMCID: PMC8312029 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand RS1 gene interaction networks in the X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) mouse retina (Rs1-/y), we analyzed the transcriptome by RNA sequencing before and after in vivo expression of exogenous retinoschisin (RS1) gene delivered by AAV8. RS1 is a secreted cell adhesion protein that is critical for maintaining structural lamination and synaptic integrity of the neural retina. RS1 loss-of-function mutations cause XLRS disease in young boys and men, with splitting ("schisis") of retinal layers and synaptic dysfunction that cause progressive vision loss with age. Analysis of differential gene expression profiles and pathway enrichment analysis of Rs1-KO (Rs1-/y) retina identified cell surface receptor signaling and positive regulation of cell adhesion as potential RS1 gene interaction networks. Most importantly, it also showed massive dysregulation of immune response genes at early age, with characteristics of a microglia-driven proinflammatory state. Delivery of AAV8-RS1 primed the Rs1-KO retina toward structural and functional recovery. The disease transcriptome transitioned toward a recovery phase with upregulation of genes implicated in wound healing, anatomical structure (camera type eye) development, metabolic pathways, and collagen IV networks that provide mechanical stability to basement membrane. AAV8-RS1 expression also attenuated the microglia gene signatures to low levels toward immune quiescence. This study is among the first to identify RS1 gene interaction networks that underlie retinal structural and functional recovery after RS1 gene therapy. Significantly, it also shows that providing wild-type RS1 gene function caused the retina immune status to transition from a degenerative inflammatory phenotype toward immune quiescence, even though the transgene is not directly linked to microglia function. This study indicates that inhibition of microglial proinflammatory responses is an integral part of therapeutic rescue in XLRS gene therapy, and gene therapy might realize its full potential if delivered before microglia activation and photoreceptor cell death. Clinical Trials. gov Identifier NTC 02317887.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Zeng
- Section for Translational Research in Retinal and Macular Degeneration
| | | | - Robert N Fariss
- Biological Imaging Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A Sieving
- Department of Ophthalmology, Center for Ocular Regenerative Therapy, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Geng C, Li Y, Guo F, Wang J, Yue Y, Zhou K, Wei R, Zhang Y. RNA sequencing analysis of long non-coding RNA expression in ocular posterior poles of guinea pig myopia models. Mol Vis 2020; 26:117-134. [PMID: 32180678 PMCID: PMC7058432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To detect the differential expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the ocular posterior poles of two guinea pig myopia models and explore the pathogenic role of lncRNAs in myopia. Methods Form-deprived myopia (FDM) and lens-induced myopia (LIM) models were induced in guinea pig right eyes by wearing a translucent latex balloon head mask and a -10.00 diopter (D) lens, respectively. Ocular biometric parameters were measured biweekly. At 6 weeks after the induction of myopia, the guinea pig eyeballs were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining to examine the ocular morphology. The ocular posterior poles from the normal control, FDM, and LIM groups were collected to analyze the differential expression of lncRNAs between the groups with high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Further, the lncRNA-mRNA colocation network was delineated to predict the functions of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. Last, Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the colocated mRNAs of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. Additionally, the expression of the most differentially expressed lncRNAs in the myopia-induced eyes and the contralateral eyes was validated with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results Compared with the normal controls and the contralateral eyes, the myopia-induced eyes in the FDM and LIM groups exhibited decreased scleral and choroidal thicknesses, reduced refraction, and increased ocular axial length but without changes in the corneal curvature radius at 6 weeks after myopia was induced. RNA-seq showed that 372 and 247 lncRNAs were differentially expressed in the FDM and LIM groups, respectively, in comparison to the normal counterparts. There were 380 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the LIM group compared to the FDM group. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that the colocated mRNAs of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were enriched in cellular components such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) structural constituent; in molecular functions such as kinase activity, metabolism, and growth; as well as in pathways including ECM-receptor interaction, glycosaminoglycan degradation, and mucin type O-Glycan biosynthesis. The expression patterns of the selected lncRNAs were verified with qPCR. Conclusions High-throughput RNA-seq revealed previously undescribed lncRNA expression profiling in guinea pig FDM and LIM models. These results may shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of myopia and provide clues for interventional targets for this highly prevalent visual disorder.
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20
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Kim HK, Ham KA, Lee SW, Choi HS, Kim HS, Kim HK, Shin HS, Seo KY, Cho Y, Nam KT, Kim IB, Joe YA. Biallelic Deletion of Pxdn in Mice Leads to Anophthalmia and Severe Eye Malformation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246144. [PMID: 31817535 PMCID: PMC6941041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a unique peroxidase containing extracellular matrix motifs and stabilizes collagen IV networks by forming sulfilimine crosslinks. PXDN gene knockout in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and Drosophila results in the demise at the embryonic and larval stages. PXDN mutations lead to severe eye disorders, including microphthalmia, cataract, glaucoma, and anterior segment dysgenesis in humans and mice. To investigate how PXDN loss of function affects organ development, we generated Pxdn knockout mice by deletion of exon 1 and its 5′ upstream sequences of the Pxdn gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Loss of both PXDN expression and collagen IV sulfilimine cross-links was detected only in the homozygous mice, which showed completely or almost closed eyelids with small eyes, having no apparent external morphological defects in other organs. In histological analysis of eye tissues, the homozygous mice had extreme defects in eye development, including no eyeballs or drastically disorganized eye structures, whereas the heterozygous mice showed normal eye structure. Visual function tests also revealed no obvious functional abnormalities in the eyes between heterozygous mice and wild-type mice. Thus, these results suggest that PXDN activity is essential in eye development, and also indicate that a single allele of Pxdn gene is sufficient for eye-structure formation and normal visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-K.K.); (K.A.H.); (S.-W.L.); (H.S.C.)
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Kyung A Ham
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-K.K.); (K.A.H.); (S.-W.L.); (H.S.C.)
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-K.K.); (K.A.H.); (S.-W.L.); (H.S.C.)
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-K.K.); (K.A.H.); (S.-W.L.); (H.S.C.)
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hong-Sug Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering Mouse, Macrogen Inc, Seoul 08511, Korea;
| | - Hong Kyung Kim
- Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center (KMSPC), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (K.Y.S.)
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hae-Sol Shin
- Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center (KMSPC), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (K.Y.S.)
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center (KMSPC), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.-S.S.); (K.Y.S.)
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.C.); (K.T.N.)
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (Y.C.); (K.T.N.)
| | - In-Beom Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Young Ae Joe
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-K.K.); (K.A.H.); (S.-W.L.); (H.S.C.)
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-7484; Fax: +82-2-593-2522
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21
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Chen L, Wei Y, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Chi W, Gong L, Jiang X, Zhang S. Morphologic, Biomechanical, and Compositional Features of the Internal Limiting Membrane in Pathologic Myopic Foveoschisis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5569-5578. [PMID: 30480705 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate alterations in the morphologic, compositional, and biomechanical properties of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in pathologic myopic foveoschisis (MF) eyes. Methods ILM specimens were peeled from 61 eyes with MF and 56 eyes with stage III/IV idiopathic macular hole (IMH) as a control. Samples were analyzed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and atomic force microscopy. ILM characteristics were compared between the two groups. Results TEM findings revealed that thickness of the MF ILMs significantly decreased compared with that of IMH ILMs (0.753 ± 0.215 vs. 1.894 ± 0.247 μm; P < 0.0001). The vitreal side stiffness of the MF ILMs was markedly higher than that of the IMH ILMs (3.520 ± 0.803 vs. 0.879 ± 0.230 MPa, P < 0.0001). Comparing with the IMH group, collagen IV exhibited decreased concentration and different immunofluorescence distribution in ILMs of MF eyes, so also protein α3 (IV), α4 (IV), and α5 (IV). The immunofluorescence staining results showed that astrocytes were observed in none of the IMH eyes and in 12 of 16 MF eyes (75%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions These alterations in the MF ILMs appear to be associated with Müller cell and astrocyte reactive gliosis. The present findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaochong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Extracellular matrix component expression in human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids recapitulates retinogenesis in vivo and reveals an important role for IMPG1 and CD44 in the development of photoreceptors and interphotoreceptor matrix. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:207-221. [PMID: 29777959 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in numerous processes including cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, maturation, adhesion guidance and axonal growth. To date, there has been no detailed analysis of the ECM distribution during retinal ontogenesis in humans and the functional importance of many ECM components is poorly understood. In this study, the expression of key ECM components in adult mouse and monkey retina, developing and adult human retina and retinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells was studied. Our data indicate that basement membrane ECMs (Fibronectin and Collagen IV) were expressed in Bruch's membrane and the inner limiting membrane of the developing human retina, whilst the hyalectins (Versican and Brevican), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), photoreceptor-specific ECMs Interphotoreceptor Matrix Proteoglycan 1 (IMPG1) and Interphotoreceptor Matrix Proteoglycan 2 (IMPG2) were detected in the developing interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). The expression of IMPG1, Versican and Brevican in the developing IPM was conserved between human developing retina and human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. Blocking the action of CD44 and IMPG1 in pluripotent stem cell derived retinal organoids affected the development of photoreceptors, their inner/outer segments and connecting cilia and disrupted IPM formation, with IMPG1 having an earlier and more significant impact. Together, our data suggest an important role for IMPG1 and CD44 in the development of photoreceptors and IPM formation during human retinogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The expression and the role of many extracellular matrix (ECM) components during human retinal development is not fully understood. In this study, expression of key ECM components (Collagen IV, Fibronectin, Brevican, Versican, IMPG1 and IMPG2) was investigated during human retinal ontogenesis. Collagen IV and Fibronectin were expressed in Bruch's membrane; whereas Brevican, Versican, IMPG1 & IMPG2 in the developing interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Retinal organoids were successfully generated from pluripotent stem cells. The expression of ECM components was examined in the retinal organoids and found to recapitulate human retinal development in vivo. Using functional blocking experiments, we were able to highlight an important role for IMPG1 and CD44 in the development of photoreceptors and IPM formation.
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Mao M, Kiss M, Ou Y, Gould DB. Genetic dissection of anterior segment dysgenesis caused by a Col4a1 mutation in mouse. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:475-485. [PMID: 28237965 PMCID: PMC5399567 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.027888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) describes a spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous congenital disorders affecting anterior structures that often lead to impaired vision. More importantly, 50-75% of patients with ASD develop early onset and aggressive glaucoma. Although several genes have been implicated in the etiology of ASD, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Type IV collagen alpha 1 (COL4A1) is an extracellular matrix protein and a critical component of nearly all basement membranes. COL4A1 mutations cause multi-system disorders in patients, including ASD (congenital cataracts, Axenfeld-Rieger's anomaly, Peter's anomaly and microphthalmia) and congenital or juvenile glaucoma. Here, we use a conditional Col4a1 mutation in mice to determine the location and timing of pathogenic events underlying COL4A1-related ocular dysgenesis. Our results suggest that selective expression of the Col4a1 mutation in neural crest cells and their derivatives is not sufficient to cause ocular dysgenesis and that selective expression of the Col4a1 mutation in vascular endothelial cells can lead to mild ASD and optic nerve hypoplasia but only on a sensitized background. In contrast, lens-specific expression of the conditional Col4a1 mutant allele led to cataracts, mild ASD and optic nerve hypoplasia, and age-related intraocular pressure dysregulation and optic nerve damage. Finally, ubiquitous expression of the conditional Col4a1 mutation at distinct developmental stages suggests that pathogenesis takes place before E12.5. Our results show that the lens and possibly vasculature play important roles in Col4a1-related ASD and that the pathogenic events occur at mid-embryogenesis in mice, during early stages of ocular development. Summary: Key pathogenic events in anterior segment dysgenesis, a congenital ocular disease with complex etiology, are recapitulated in a mouse model of Col4a1-related ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Márton Kiss
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Yvonne Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Department of Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Correlation between the COL4A3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 polymorphisms and risk of keratoconus. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2017; 61:218-222. [PMID: 28197741 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-017-0503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Keratoconus (KC) is thinning of the central cornea. Its etiology is unknown, but it may result from degrading of collagen type IV. The major protein in the cornea is collagen. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is able to degrade collagen type IV from the basement membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM). MMP-9 enzymatic activity is inhibited by the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). In the present study, we sought to investigate and evaluate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in COL4A3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 on the risk of KC in an Iranian population sample. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 140 KC patients and 150 healthy controls. Genotyping of the COL4A3 rs55703767, MMP-9 rs17576, and TIMP-1 rs6609533 polymorphisms was done using amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). RESULTS Our findings showed that the rs55703767G/T polymorphism decreased the risk of KC (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.08-0.82, P = 0.022). rs17576A/G, associated with KC and the A allele, was significantly overrepresented in healthy individuals. rs6609533A/G (X-chromosome) increased the risk of KC in females (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.06-4.76, P = 0.036). In males, the allele frequency was not associated with KC risk/protection. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that in our population, the COL4A3 rs55703767 polymorphism decreased the risk of KC. However, the TIMP-1 rs6609533 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of KC.
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Gentile G, Ceccarelli M, Micheli L, Tirone F, Cavallaro S. Functional Genomics Identifies Tis21-Dependent Mechanisms and Putative Cancer Drug Targets Underlying Medulloblastoma Shh-Type Development. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:449. [PMID: 27965576 PMCID: PMC5127835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently generated a novel medulloblastoma (MB) mouse model with activation of the Shh pathway and lacking the MB suppressor Tis21 (Patched1+/-/Tis21KO ). Its main phenotype is a defect of migration of the cerebellar granule precursor cells (GCPs). By genomic analysis of GCPs in vivo, we identified as drug target and major responsible of this defect the down-regulation of the promigratory chemokine Cxcl3. Consequently, the GCPs remain longer in the cerebellum proliferative area, and the MB frequency is enhanced. Here, we further analyzed the genes deregulated in a Tis21-dependent manner (Patched1+/-/Tis21 wild-type vs. Ptch1+/-/Tis21 knockout), among which are a number of down-regulated tumor inhibitors and up-regulated tumor facilitators, focusing on pathways potentially involved in the tumorigenesis and on putative new drug targets. The data analysis using bioinformatic tools revealed: (i) a link between the Shh signaling and the Tis21-dependent impairment of the GCPs migration, through a Shh-dependent deregulation of the clathrin-mediated chemotaxis operating in the primary cilium through the Cxcl3-Cxcr2 axis; (ii) a possible lineage shift of Shh-type GCPs toward retinal precursor phenotype, i.e., the neural cell type involved in group 3 MB; (iii) the identification of a subset of putative drug targets for MB, involved, among the others, in the regulation of Hippo signaling and centrosome assembly. Finally, our findings define also the role of Tis21 in the regulation of gene expression, through epigenetic and RNA processing mechanisms, influencing the fate of the GCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gentile
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council Catania, Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Micheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
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Mao M, Smith RS, Alavi MV, Marchant JK, Cosma M, Libby RT, John SWM, Gould DB. Strain-Dependent Anterior Segment Dysgenesis and Progression to Glaucoma in Col4a1 Mutant Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 56:6823-31. [PMID: 26567795 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations in the gene encoding collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) cause multisystem disorders including anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) and optic nerve hypoplasia. The penetrance and severity of individual phenotypes depends on genetic context. Here, we tested the effects of a Col4a1 mutation in two different genetic backgrounds to compare how genetic context influences ocular dysgenesis, IOP, and progression to glaucoma. METHODS Col4a1 mutant mice maintained on a C57BL/6J background were crossed to either 129S6/SvEvTac or CAST/EiJ and the F1 progeny were analyzed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. We also measured IOPs and compared tissue sections of eyes and optic nerves. RESULTS We found that the CAST/EiJ inbred strain has a relatively uniform and profound suppression on the effects of Col4a1 mutation and that mutant CASTB6F1 mice were generally only very mildly affected. In contrast, mutant 129B6F1 mice had more variable and severe ASD and IOP dysregulation that were associated with glaucomatous signs including lost or damaged retinal ganglion cell axons and excavation of the optic nerve head. CONCLUSIONS Ocular defects in Col4a1 mutant mice model ASD and glaucoma that are observed in a subset of patients with COL4A1 mutations. We demonstrate that different inbred strains of mice give graded severities of ASD and we detected elevated IOP and glaucomatous damage in 129B6F1, but not CASTB6F1 mice that carried a Col4a1 mutation. These data demonstrate that genetic context differences are one factor that may contribute to the variable penetrance and severity of ASD and glaucoma in patients with COL4A1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States
| | | | - Marcel V Alavi
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Jeffrey K Marchant
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States 3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mihai Cosma
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | - Richard T Libby
- Flaum Eye Institute, Department of Biomedical Genetics, The Center for Visual Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Simon W M John
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States 3Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States 5The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bar Harbor, Main
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States
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Col4a1 mutations cause progressive retinal neovascular defects and retinopathy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18602. [PMID: 26813606 PMCID: PMC4728690 DOI: 10.1038/srep18602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in collagen, type IV, alpha 1 (COL4A1), a major component of basement membranes, cause multisystem disorders in humans and mice. In the eye, these include anterior segment dysgenesis, optic nerve hypoplasia and retinal vascular tortuosity. Here we investigate the retinal pathology in mice carrying dominant-negative Col4a1 mutations. To this end, we examined retinas longitudinally in vivo using fluorescein angiography, funduscopy and optical coherence tomography. We assessed retinal function by electroretinography and studied the retinal ultrastructural pathology. Retinal examinations revealed serous chorioretinopathy, retinal hemorrhages, fibrosis or signs of pathogenic angiogenesis with chorioretinal anastomosis in up to approximately 90% of Col4a1 mutant eyes depending on age and the specific mutation. To identify the cell-type responsible for pathogenesis we generated a conditional Col4a1 mutation and determined that primary vascular defects underlie Col4a1-associated retinopathy. We also found focal activation of Müller cells and increased expression of pro-angiogenic factors in retinas from Col4a1(+/Δex41)mice. Together, our findings suggest that patients with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations may be at elevated risk of retinal hemorrhages and that retinal examinations may be useful for identifying patients with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations who are also at elevated risk of hemorrhagic strokes.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Keratoconus (KC) is a genetically heterogeneous corneal dystrophy with unknown etiology that causes loss of visual acuity. Evidence has shown that corneas from patients with KC contain reduced amounts of total collagen proteins, and collagen type IV has been suggested as a candidate gene in KC pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the possible associations between collagen type IV alpha-4 chain (COL4A4) polymorphisms (rs2229813 G/A, M1327V and rs2228555 A/G, V1516V) and susceptibility to KC. METHODS A total of 262 Iranian subjects including 112 patients with KC and 150 healthy individuals as controls were recruited in this case-control study. Diagnosis was based on clinical examination, electronic refractometry, and keratometry. Genotyping for the COL4A4 rs2229813 and rs2228555 variants was executed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction and Tetra-ARMS polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS A significant difference was found between the 2 groups regarding allelic and genotyping distribution of COL4A4 polymorphism at position rs2229813 G>A. The COL4A4 rs2229813 AA and GA+AA genotypes were risk factors for developing KC (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, P = 0.036 and OR = 1.7, P = 0.042, for the AA and GA+AA genotypes, respectively). The COL4A4 rs2229813 A allele was also associated with an increased risk for KC (OR = 1.5, 95% confidence intervals: 1.1-2.2, P = 0.018). However, in our study, we found no association between COL4A4 rs2228555 polymorphism and the risk of KC. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the COL4A4 rs2229813 AA and GA+AA genotypes as well as the A allele play roles as risk factors for developing KC in our population.
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Bu SC, Kuijer R, van der Worp RJ, Li XR, Hooymans JMM, Los LI. The Ultrastructural Localization of Type II, IV, and VI Collagens at the Vitreoretinal Interface. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134325. [PMID: 26230410 PMCID: PMC4521792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vitreoretinal interface is the border of the cortical vitreous and the inner surface of the retina. The adhesion of the cortical vitreous to the ILM, namely vitreoretinal adhesion, involves a series of complex molecular adhesion mechanisms and has been considered as an important pathogenic factor in many vitreoretinal diseases. The presence of type VI collagen at the vitreoretinal interface and its possible interaction with collagens and glycoproteins indicates that type VI collagen may contribute to the vitreoretinal adhesion. Purpose To clarify the ultrastructural location of type VI collagen and its relationship to type II and IV collagens at the vitreoretinal interface. Methods The ultrastructural localization of type II, IV and VI collagens in the adult human vitreoretinal interface of five donor eyes was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy using immunogold labeling. Results In the pre-equatorial region, we observed densely packed vitreous lamellae with a partly intraretinal course containing type II and VI collagens, reticular structures containing type IV and VI collagens and a thin inner limiting membrane (ILM) containing type IV and VI collagens in a linear distribution pattern. From the anterior to the posterior retina, the linear pattern of type IV and VI collagen labeling gradually became more diffusely present throughout the entire thickness of the ILM. Conclusions The presence of type VI collagen in vitreous lamellae penetrating the ILM into the superficial retina suggests that type VI collagen may be involved in the organization of vitreous fibers into lamellae and in the adhesion of the vitreous fibers to the retina. The close relation of type VI to type IV collagen in the ILM suggests that type VI collagen is an important collagen type in the ILM. The topographic variations of type IV and VI collagens in the different regions of the ILM suggest a regional heterogeneity of the ILM. The reticular labeling pattern of type IV and VI collagens observed in the anterior vitreous are highly similar to labeling patterns of blood vessel walls. In the anterior vitreous, they may represent remnants of the regressed embryonic hyaloid blood vessel system. Their presence is in support of the theory on interactive remodeling of the developing vitreous as opposed to the main stream theory of displacement and compression of the primary by the secondary vitreous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Chong Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, Fu Kang Street 251, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Roel Kuijer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, FB40, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, building 3215, FB40, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roelofje J. van der Worp
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao Rong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, Fu Kang Street 251, Nan Kai District, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Johanna M. M. Hooymans
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonoor I. Los
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) is a fibrocellular membrane that proliferates on the inner surface of the retina at the macular area. Membrane contraction is an important sight-threatening event and is due to fibrotic remodeling. METHODS Analysis of the current literature regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathogenesis of iERM and fibrotic tissue contraction. RESULTS Epidemiologic studies report a relationship between iERM prevalence, increasing age, and posterior vitreous detachment. Clinically, iERM progresses through different stages characterized by an increased thickness and wrinkling of the membrane. Pathophysiologically, iERM formation is a fibrotic process in which myofibroblast formation and the deposition of newly formed collagens play key roles. Anomalous posterior vitreous detachment may be a key event initiating the formation of iERM. The age-related accumulation of advanced glycation end products may contribute to anomalous posterior vitreous detachment formation and may also influence the mechanical properties of the iERM. CONCLUSION Remodeling of the extracellular matrix at the vitreoretinal interface by aging and fibrotic changes, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of iERM. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying this process may eventually lead to the development of effective and nonsurgical approaches to treat and prevent vitreoretinal fibrotic diseases.
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Terrell AM, Anand D, Smith SF, Dang CA, Waters SM, Pathania M, Beebe DC, Lachke SA. Molecular characterization of mouse lens epithelial cell lines and their suitability to study RNA granules and cataract associated genes. Exp Eye Res 2014; 131:42-55. [PMID: 25530357 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of cytosolic RNA granule (RG) component proteins associated with human cataract has initiated investigations on post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene expression control in the lens. Application of established mouse lens epithelial cell lines (LECs) can provide rapid insights on RG function in lens cells, especially because mouse mutants in several RG components are not available. However, although these LECs represent potential reagents for such analyses, they are uncharacterized for lens gene expression or RG formation. Therefore, a detailed molecular and cellular characterization of three permanent mouse LECs 17EM15, 21EM15 and αTN4 is performed in this study. Comparative analysis between microarray gene expression datasets on LEC 21EM15 and iSyTE lens tissue demonstrates that 30% of top 200 iSyTE identified lens-enriched genes are expressed in these cells. Majority of these candidates are independently validated to either have lens expression, function or linkage to cataract. Moreover, analysis of microarray data with genes described in Cat-Map, an online database of cataract associated genes and loci, demonstrates that 131 genes linked to cataract loci are expressed in 21EM15 cells. Furthermore, gene expression in LECs is compared to isolated lens epithelium or fiber cells by qRT-PCR and by comparative analyses with publically available epithelium or fiber-specific microarray and RNA-seq (sequencing) datasets. Expression of select candidate genes was validated by regular and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Expression of lens epithelium-enriched genes Foxe3, Pax6, Anxa4 and Mcm4 is up-regulated in LEC lines, compared to isolated lens fiber cells. Moreover, similar to isolated lens epithelium, all three LECs exhibit down-regulation of fiber cell-expressed genes Crybb1, Mip and Prox1 when compared to fiber cells. These data indicate that the LEC lines exhibit greater similarity to lens epithelium than to fiber cells. Compared to non-lens cell line NIH3T3, LECs exhibit significantly enriched expression of transcription factors with important function in the lens, namely Pax6, Foxe3 and Prox1. In addition to these genes, all three LECs also express key lens- and cataract-associated genes, namely Dkk3, Epha2, Hsf4, Jag1, Mab21l1, Meis1, Pknox1, Pou2f1, Sfrp1, Sparc, Tdrd7 and Trpm3. Additionally, 21EM15 microarrays indicate expression of Chmp4b, Cryab and Tcfap2a among others important genes. Immunostaining with makers for Processing bodies (P-bodies) and Stress granules (SGs) demonstrates that these classes of RGs are robustly expressed in all three LECs. Moreover, under conditions of stress, 17EM15 and αTN4 exhibit significantly higher numbers of P-bodies and SGs compared to NIH3T3 cells. In sum, these data indicate that mouse LECs 21EM15, 17EM15 and αTN4 express key lens or cataract genes, are similar to lens epithelium than fiber cells, and exhibit high levels of P-bodies and SGs, indicating their suitability for investigating gene expression control and RG function in lens-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Terrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Sylvie F Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Christine A Dang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Stephanie M Waters
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Mallika Pathania
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - David C Beebe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Salil A Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Center for Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
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Yao H, Wang T, Deng J, Liu D, Li X, Deng J. The development of blood-retinal barrier during the interaction of astrocytes with vascular wall cells. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1047-54. [PMID: 25206758 PMCID: PMC4146297 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.133169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are intimately involved in the formation and development of retinal vessels. Astrocyte dysfunction is a major cause of blood-retinal barrier injury and other retinal vascular diseases. In this study, the development of the retinal vascular system and the formation of the blood-retinal barrier in mice were investigated using immunofluorescence staining, gelatin-ink perfusion, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the retinal vascular system of mice develops from the optic disc after birth, and radiates out gradually to cover the entire retina, taking the papilla optica as the center. First, the superficial vasculature is formed on the inner retinal layer; then, the vasculature extends into the inner and outer edges of the retinal inner nuclear layer, forming the deep vasculature that is parallel to the superficial vasculature. The blood-retinal barrier is mainly composed of endothelium, basal lamina and the end-feet of astrocytes, which become mature during mouse development. Initially, the naive endothelial cells were immature with few organelles and many microvilli. The basal lamina was uniform in thickness, and the glial end-feet surrounded the outer basal lamina incompletely. In the end, the blood-retinal barrier matures with smooth endothelia connected through tight junctions, relatively thin and even basal lamina, and relatively thin glial cell end-feet. These findings indicate that the development of the vasculature in the retina follows the rules of "center to periphery" and "superficial layer to deep layers". Its development and maturation are spatially and temporally consistent with the functional performance of retinal neurons and photosensitivity. The blood-retinal barrier gradually becomes mature via the process of interactions between astrocytes and blood vessel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanling Yao
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Tianshi Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiexin Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinbo Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
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Nita M, Strzałka-Mrozik B, Grzybowski A, Mazurek U, Romaniuk W. Age-related macular degeneration and changes in the extracellular matrix. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1003-16. [PMID: 24938626 PMCID: PMC4072585 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of permanent, irreversible, central blindness (scotoma in the central visual field that makes reading and writing impossible, stereoscopic vision, recognition of colors and details) in patients over the age of 50 years in European and North America countries, and an important role is attributed to disorders in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The main aim of this article is to present the crucial processes that occur on the level of Bruch’s membrane, with special consideration of the metalloproteinase substrates, metalloproteinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). A comprehensive review of the literature was performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2005–2012, using the following keywords: AMD, extracellular matrix, metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, Bruch’s membrane, collagen, elastin. In the pathogenesis of AMD, a significant role is played by collagen type I and type IV; elastin; fibulin-3, -5, and -6; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, MMP-14, and MMP-1; and TIMP-3. Other important mechanisms include: ARMS2 and HTR1 proteins, the complement system, the urokinase plasminogen activator system, and pro-renin receptor activation. Continuous rebuilding of the extracellular matrix occurs in both early and advanced AMD, simultaneously with the dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and endothelial cells. The pathological degradation or accumulation of ECM structural components are caused by impairment or hyperactivity of specific MMPs/TIMPs complexes, and is also endangered by the influence of other mechanisms connected with both genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre "Dilmed", Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Wanda Romaniuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia, Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Katowice, Poland
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Willis AL, Sabeh F, Li XY, Weiss SJ. Extracellular matrix determinants and the regulation of cancer cell invasion stratagems. J Microsc 2014; 251:250-60. [PMID: 23924043 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During development, wound repair and disease-related processes, such as cancer, normal, or neoplastic cell types traffic through the extracellular matrix (ECM), the complex composite of collagens, elastin, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans that dictate tissue architecture. Current evidence suggests that tissue-invasive processes may proceed by protease-dependent or protease-independent strategies whose selection is not only governed by the characteristics of the motile cell population, but also by the structural properties of the intervening ECM. Herein, we review the mechanisms by which ECM dimensionality, elasticity, crosslinking, and pore size impact patterns of cell invasion. This summary should prove useful when designing new experimental approaches for interrogating invasion programs as well as identifying potential cellular targets for next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Willis
- Division of Molecular Medicine & Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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35
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Ferrell N, Cameron KO, Groszek JJ, Hofmann CL, Li L, Smith RA, Bian A, Shintani A, Zydney AL, Fissell WH. Effects of pressure and electrical charge on macromolecular transport across bovine lens basement membrane. Biophys J 2013; 104:1476-84. [PMID: 23561524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular transport through the basement membrane is important for a number of physiological functions, and dysregulation of basement membrane architecture can have serious pathological consequences. The structure-function relationships that govern molecular transport in basement membranes are not fully understood. The basement membrane from the lens capsule of the eye is a collagen IV-rich matrix that can easily be extracted and manipulated in vitro. As such, it provides a convenient model for studying the functional relationships that govern molecular transport in basement membranes. Here we investigate the effects of increased transmembrane pressure and solute electrical charge on the transport properties of the lens basement membrane (LBM) from the bovine eye. Pressure-permeability relationships in LBM transport were governed primarily by changes in diffusive and convective contributions to solute flux and not by pressure-dependent changes in intrinsic membrane properties. The solute electrical charge had a minimal but statistically significant effect on solute transport through the LBM that was opposite of the expected electrokinetic behavior. The observed transport characteristics of the LBM are discussed in the context of established membrane transport modeling and previous work on the effects of pressure and electrical charge in other basement membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ferrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Schmidt K, Cavodeassi F, Feng Y, Stephens DJ. Early stages of retinal development depend on Sec13 function. Biol Open 2013; 2:256-66. [PMID: 23519012 PMCID: PMC3603407 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20133251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ER-to-Golgi transport of proteins destined for the extracellular space or intracellular compartments depends on the COPII vesicle coat and is constitutive in all translationally active cells. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence that this process is regulated on a cell- and tissue-specific basis, which means that components of the COPII coat will be of differential importance to certain cell types. The COPII coat consists of an inner layer, Sec23/24 and an outer shell, Sec13/31. We have shown previously that knock-down of Sec13 results in concomitant loss of Sec31. In zebrafish and cultured human cells this leads to impaired trafficking of large cargo, namely procollagens, and is causative for defects in craniofacial and gut development. It is now widely accepted that the outer COPII coat is key to the architecture and stability of ER export vesicles containing large, unusual cargo proteins. Here, we investigate zebrafish eye development following Sec13 depletion. We find that photoreceptors degenerate or fail to develop from the onset. Impaired collagen trafficking from the retinal pigment epithelium and defects in overall retinal lamination also seen in Sec13-depleted zebrafish might have been caused by increased apoptosis and reduced topical proliferation in the retina. Our data show that the outer layer of the COPII coat is also necessary for the transport of large amounts of cargo proteins, in this case rhodopsin, rather than just large cargo as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Schmidt
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk , Bristol BS8 1TD , UK ; Present address: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Dr-Bohr-Gasse 9/3, 1030 Wien, Austria
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37
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Alterations in basement membrane immunoreactivity of the diabetic retina in three diabetic mouse models. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 251:763-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Labelle-Dumais C, Dilworth DJ, Harrington EP, de Leau M, Lyons D, Kabaeva Z, Manzini MC, Dobyns WB, Walsh CA, Michele DE, Gould DB. COL4A1 mutations cause ocular dysgenesis, neuronal localization defects, and myopathy in mice and Walker-Warburg syndrome in humans. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1002062. [PMID: 21625620 PMCID: PMC3098190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB) and Walker Warburg Syndrome (WWS) belong to a spectrum of autosomal recessive diseases characterized by ocular dysgenesis, neuronal migration defects, and congenital muscular dystrophy. Until now, the pathophysiology of MEB/WWS has been attributed to alteration in dystroglycan post-translational modification. Here, we provide evidence that mutations in a gene coding for a major basement membrane protein, collagen IV alpha 1 (COL4A1), are a novel cause of MEB/WWS. Using a combination of histological, molecular, and biochemical approaches, we show that heterozygous Col4a1 mutant mice have ocular dysgenesis, neuronal localization defects, and myopathy characteristic of MEB/WWS. Importantly, we identified putative heterozygous mutations in COL4A1 in two MEB/WWS patients. Both mutations occur within conserved amino acids of the triple-helix-forming domain of the protein, and at least one mutation interferes with secretion of the mutant proteins, resulting instead in intracellular accumulation. Expression and posttranslational modification of dystroglycan is unaltered in Col4a1 mutant mice indicating that COL4A1 mutations represent a distinct pathogenic mechanism underlying MEB/WWS. These findings implicate a novel gene and a novel mechanism in the etiology of MEB/WWS and expand the clinical spectrum of COL4A1-associated disorders. Muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB) and Walker-Warburg Syndrome (WWS) are devastating childhood diseases that belong to a subgroup of congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) characterized by ocular dysgenesis, neuronal migration defects, and congenital myopathy. Genetic studies have revealed a number of genes involved in the etiology of CMDs, and subsequent studies show that alterations in dystroglycan glycosylation underlie MEB/WWS. However, over half of MEB/WWS patients do not have mutations in known genes encoding glycosyltransferases, suggesting that other genes are involved. Here, we describe a novel and genetically complex mouse model for MEB/WWS and identify putative heterozygous mutations in COL4A1 in two MEB/WWS patients. We identify a novel gene implicated in the etiology of MEB/WWS, provide evidence of mechanistic heterogeneity for this subgroup of congenital muscular dystrophies, and develop an assay to test the functional significance of putative COL4A1 mutations. Our findings represent the first evidence for a dominant mutation leading to MEB/WWS–like diseases and expand the spectrum of clinical disorders resulting from Col4a1/COL4A1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David J. Dilworth
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Emily P. Harrington
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle de Leau
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Lyons
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhyldyz Kabaeva
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - M. Chiara Manzini
- Division of Genetics and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William B. Dobyns
- Departments of Human Genetics, Neurology, and Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics and The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Michele
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Douglas B. Gould
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Saito K, Yonezawa T, Minaguchi J, Kurosaki M, Suetsugu S, Nakajima A, Nomoto H, Morizane Y, Sado Y, Sugimoto M, Kusachi S, Ninomiya Y. Distribution of α(IV) collagen chains in the ocular anterior segments of adult mice. Connect Tissue Res 2011; 52:147-56. [PMID: 20672978 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2010.492062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of the collagen chains from α1(IV) to α6(IV) could serve as a basis for the characterization of type IV collagen. In this study, immunohistochemistry of the ocular anterior segment of adult mice was performed using specific monoclonal antibodies against each chain in the series from α1(IV) to α6(IV). The results show that the components of type IV collagen in vascular basement membranes are α1(IV) and α2(IV) with or without α5(IV) and α6(IV) chains and those in epithelium and muscle basement membranes are α1(IV), α2(IV), α5(IV), and α6(IV) chains. In corneal endothelium, pigmented epithelium of iris and ciliary body, and trabecular meshwork, α3(IV) and α4(IV) chains are also expressed in addition to α1(IV), α2(IV), α5(IV), and α6(IV) chains. Moreover, we investigated the change in molecular composition in ciliary body during postnatal development. α3(IV) and α4(IV) chains were also expressed in addition to α1(IV), α2(IV), α5(IV), and α6(IV) chains in ciliary pigmented epithelium basement membrane from 7 days after birth. This result suggests that the basement membranes gradually change their biochemical features owing to temporal regulation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the different distribution and the developmental expression of α1(IV) to α6(IV) chains are associated with the tissue-specific function of type IV collagen in basement membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Saito
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Balasubramani M, Schreiber EM, Candiello J, Balasubramani G, Kurtz J, Halfter W. Molecular interactions in the retinal basement membrane system: A proteomic approach. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:471-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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