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Cao X, Yang H, Wu ZL, Li BB. Ultrasound sensing with optical microcavities. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:159. [PMID: 38982066 PMCID: PMC11233744 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound sensors play an important role in biomedical imaging, industrial nondestructive inspection, etc. Traditional ultrasound sensors that use piezoelectric transducers face limitations in sensitivity and spatial resolution when miniaturized, with typical sizes at the millimeter to centimeter scale. To overcome these challenges, optical ultrasound sensors have emerged as a promising alternative, offering both high sensitivity and spatial resolution. In particular, ultrasound sensors utilizing high-quality factor (Q) optical microcavities have achieved unprecedented performance in terms of sensitivity and bandwidth, while also enabling mass production on silicon chips. In this review, we focus on recent advances in ultrasound sensing applications using three types of optical microcavities: Fabry-Perot cavities, π-phase-shifted Bragg gratings, and whispering gallery mode microcavities. We provide an overview of the ultrasound sensing mechanisms employed by these microcavities and discuss the key parameters for optimizing ultrasound sensors. Furthermore, we survey recent advances in ultrasound sensing using these microcavity-based approaches, highlighting their applications in diverse detection scenarios, such as photoacoustic imaging, ranging, and particle detection. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the latest advances in ultrasound sensing with optical microcavities and their potential for future development in high-performance ultrasound imaging and sensing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zu-Lei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Taha BA, Ahmed NM, Talreja RK, Haider AJ, Al Mashhadany Y, Al-Jubouri Q, Huddin AB, Mokhtar MHH, Rustagi S, Kaushik A, Chaudhary V, Arsad N. Synergizing Nanomaterials and Artificial Intelligence in Advanced Optical Biosensors for Precision Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnosis. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1600-1620. [PMID: 38842483 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global One Health concern, ensuing from unintentional and continuous exposure to antibiotics, as well as challenges in accurate contagion diagnostics. Addressing AMR requires a strategic approach that emphasizes early stage prevention through screening in clinical, environmental, farming, and livestock settings to identify nonvulnerable antimicrobial agents and the associated genes. Conventional AMR diagnostics, like antibiotic susceptibility testing, possess drawbacks, including high costs, time-consuming processes, and significant manpower requirements, underscoring the need for intelligent, prompt, and on-site diagnostic techniques. Nanoenabled artificial intelligence (AI)-supported smart optical biosensors present a potential solution by facilitating rapid point-of-care AMR detection with real-time, sensitive, and portable capabilities. This Review comprehensively explores various types of optical nanobiosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance sensors, whispering-gallery mode sensors, optical coherence tomography, interference reflection imaging sensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, microring resonance sensors, and optical tweezer biosensors, for AMR diagnostics. By harnessing the unique advantages of these nanoenabled smart biosensors, a revolutionary paradigm shift in AMR diagnostics can be achieved, characterized by rapid results, high sensitivity, portability, and integration with Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies. Moreover, nanoenabled optical biosensors enable personalized monitoring and on-site detection, significantly reducing turnaround time and eliminating the human resources needed for sample preservation and transportation. Their potential for holistic environmental surveillance further enhances monitoring capabilities in diverse settings, leading to improved modern-age healthcare practices and more effective management of antimicrobial treatments. Embracing these advanced diagnostic tools promises to bolster global healthcare capacity to combat AMR and safeguard One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakr Ahmed Taha
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Naser M Ahmed
- Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering, Dijlah University College, 00964 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Rishi Kumar Talreja
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Adawiya J Haider
- Applied Sciences Department/Laser Science and Technology Branch, University of Technology, 00964 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yousif Al Mashhadany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Anbar 00964, Iraq
| | - Qussay Al-Jubouri
- Department of Communication Engineering, University of Technology, 00964 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Aqilah Baseri Huddin
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248007, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, United States
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Physics Department, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110045, India
| | - Norhana Arsad
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
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Wang D, Rong J, Li J, Yue H, Liu W, Xing E, Tang J, Liu J. Highly Sensitive Force Sensor Based on High-Q Asymmetric V-Shaped CaF 2 Resonator. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:751. [PMID: 38930720 PMCID: PMC11205575 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have high-quality factors and can be used in high-sensitivity sensors due to the narrow line width that allows for the detection of small external changes. In this paper, a force-sensing system based on a high-Q asymmetric V-shaped CaF2 resonator is proposed. Based on the dispersion coupling mechanism, the deformation of the resonator is achieved by loading force, and the resonant frequency is changed to determine the measurement. By adjusting the structural parameters of the asymmetric V-shaped resonator, the deformation of the resonator under force loading is improved. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the V-shaped tip is 18.84 V/N, which determines the force-sensing resolution of 8.49 μN. This work provides a solution for force-sensing measurements based on a WGM resonator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China (J.L.)
| | - Jiamin Rong
- School of Semiconductors and Physics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jianglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China (J.L.)
| | - Hongbo Yue
- Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China (J.L.)
| | - Wenyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China (J.L.)
| | - Enbo Xing
- Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China (J.L.)
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Semiconductors and Physics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dynamic Testing Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China (J.L.)
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4
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Li C, Lu H. Design and performance simulation of a silica microdisk cavity optical pressure sensor. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:4480-4485. [PMID: 38856630 DOI: 10.1364/ao.525008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The opto-mechanical system of optical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microcavities confines resonant photons in micro-scale resonators for a long time, which can strongly enhance the interaction between light and matter, making it an ideal platform for various sensors. To measure the slim optical pressure in the interaction between the laser and matter, a silica microdisk cavity sensor with metal film is designed in this paper. In this study, the finite element method was employed to investigate the opto-mechanical coupling mechanism in a microdisk cavity. From the aspects of optics and mechanics, the structural parameters of the sensor were optimized and the performance was simulated. The simulation results show that at 1550 nm, the sensor's optical quality factor (Q) can reach ∼104, the free spectral range is ∼5.3n m, the sensing sensitivity is 5.32m P a/H z 1/2, and the optical force resolution is 6.61×10-12 N, which is better than the thin-film interferometry and optical lever method.
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Zhang C, Pu S, Liu W, Hao Z, Xu T, Duan S, Fu J, Han S. Simultaneous measurement of bidirectional magnetic field and temperature with a dual-channel sensor based on the whispering gallery mode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19541-19551. [PMID: 38859087 DOI: 10.1364/oe.524870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
What we believe is a novel dual-channel whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensor for concurrently measuring bidirectional magnetic field and temperature is proposed and demonstrated. Two sensing microcavities [magnetic fluid (MF)-infiltrated capillary and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated microbottle, respectively, referred as Channel 1 (CH1) and Channel 2 (CH2)] are integrated into a silica capillary to facilitate the dual-channel design. Resonant wavelengths corresponding to CH1 and CH2 mainly depend on the change in the magneto-induced refractive index and the change in the thermo-induced parameter (volume and refractive index) of the employed functional materials, respectively. The MF-infiltrated capillary enables bidirectional magnetic field sensing with maximum sensitivities of 46 pm/mT and -3 pm/mT, respectively. The PDMS-coated structure can realize the temperature measurement with a maximum sensitivity of 79.7 pm/°C. The current work possesses the advantage of bidirectionally magnetic tunability besides the temperature response, which is expected to be used in field such as vector magnetic fields and temperature dual-parameter sensing.
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6
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Du D, Zhang Q, Zhang Z. Graphene-integrated microring cavity for electronically controlled molecular fingerprinting. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:3916-3921. [PMID: 38856355 DOI: 10.1364/ao.519693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microring cavities supporting whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) have an exceptionally high quality factor (Q) and a small mode volume, greatly improving the interaction between light and matter, which has attracted great attention in various microscale/nanoscale photonic devices and potential applications. Recently, two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials such as graphene have emerged as a potential platform for next-generation biosensing by enabling the confinement of light fields at the nanoscale. Here, we propose what we believe to be a novel approach to achieve molecular fingerprint retrieval by integrating graphene into a microring cavity and conducting numerical simulations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The hybrid cavity exhibits high-quality WGMs with a high Q factor of up to 800. Moreover, the resonant wavelength can be electronically controlled through modulation of graphene's Fermi level, enabling coverage of the entire free spectral range at infrared frequencies. By depositing a thin layer of biomolecular material (e.g., CBP) onto the surface of our hybrid cavity, we are able to accurately read out the absorption spectrum at multiple spectral points, thereby achieving broadband fingerprint retrieval for the targeted biomolecule. Our results pave the way for highly sensitive, chip-integrated, miniaturized, and electrically modulated infrared spectroscopy biosensing.
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Chen Y, Tian X, Sved J, Li L, Zhou L, Nguyen L, Yi X. Reflective microring-resonator-based microwave photonic sensor incorporating a self-attention assisted convolutional neural network. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:D59-D66. [PMID: 38856334 DOI: 10.1364/ao.516204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a reflective microring resonator (MRR)-based microwave photonic (MWP) sensor incorporating a self-attention convolutional neural network (CNN) is presented. An MRR cascaded with an inverse-designed optical reflector is adopted as the sensor probe to allow for utilizing the responses generated from both the clockwise and counterclockwise resonant modes. Through the MWP interrogation, the cascaded resonant modes can be transformed into distinctive deep radio-frequency (RF) spectral notches under different modulator bias conditions. By using a self-attention assisted CNN processing to leverage both the local and global features of the RF spectra, a sensing model with improved accuracy can be established. As a proof of concept, the proposed scheme is experimentally demonstrated in temperature sensing. Even with a small dataset, the root-mean-square error of the sensing model established after training is achieved at 0.026°C, which shows a 10-fold improvement in sensing accuracy compared to that of the traditional linear fitting model.
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An S, Liu T, Cao L, Gu Z, Fan H, Zeng Y, Cheng L, Zhu J, Assouar B. Multibranch Elastic Bound States in the Continuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:187202. [PMID: 38759185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.187202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Constructing a highly localized wave field by means of bound states in the continuum (BICs) promotes enhanced wave-matter interaction and offers approaches to high-sensitivity devices. Elastic waves can carry complex polarizations and thus differ from electromagnetic waves and other scalar mechanical waves in the formation of BICs, which is yet to be fully explored and exploited. Here, we report the investigation of local resonance modes supported by a Lamb waveguide side-branched with two pairs of resonant pillars and show the emergence of two groups of elastic BICs with different polarizations or symmetries. Particularly, the two groups of BICs exhibit distinct responses to external perturbations, based on which a label-free sensing scheme with enhanced-sensitivity is proposed. Our study reveals the rich properties of BICs arising from the complex wave dynamics in elastic media and demonstrates their unique functionality for sensing and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuowei An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liyun Cao
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy 54000, France
| | - Zhongming Gu
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Institut Jean Lamour, Nancy 54000, France
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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9
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Li H, Lu Y, Zhou S, Jing T, Wang J, Ma C, Seo MK, Yu L. Packaged WGM MBR sensor for high-performance temperature measurement using CNN-based multimode barcode images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:5515-5528. [PMID: 38439276 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microresonator sensors are emerging as a promising platform for precise temperature measurements, driven by their excellent sensitivity, resolution and integration. Nevertheless, challenges endure regarding stability, single resonant mode tracking, and real-time monitoring. Here, we demonstrate a temperature measurement approach based on convolutional neural network (CNN), leveraging the recognition of multimode barcode images acquired from a WGM microbottle resonator (MBR) sensor with robust packaged microresonator-taper coupling structure (packaged-MTCS). Our work ensures not only a high sensitivity of -14.28 pm/℃ and remarkable resolution of 3.5 × 10-4 ℃ across a broad dynamic range of 96 ℃ but also fulfills the demands for real-time temperature measurement with an average detection accuracy of 96.85% and a speed of 0.68s per image. These results highlight the potential of high-performance WGM MBR sensors in various fields and lay the groundwork for stable soliton microcomb excitation through thermal tuning.
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10
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Zhou X, Gather MC, Scarcelli G. High-Sensitivity Detection of Changes in Local Refractive Index and Absorption by Analyzing WGM Microlaser Emission via a 2D Dispersion Spectrometer. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:267-275. [PMID: 38249682 PMCID: PMC10798258 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Microlasers have been widely used in biosensing applications because of their high sensitivity to changes in local conditions. However, in most applications, the sensitivity limit is not dictated by the microlaser line width but rather by the much worse spectral resolution of the detection system, typically a grating spectrometer. To address this issue, we built and characterized a two-dimensional (2D) dispersion spectrometer with a virtually imaged phase array etalon and a diffraction grating. The spectrometer can analyze microlaser emission with a spectral resolution of better than 0.300 pm, which enables high-precision measurements of spectral shifts in laser peak emission wavelength and sufficient resolution to detect changes in peak line width. Using commercial fluorescent microspheres as the microlasers, the 2D dispersion spectrometer demonstrated a detection limit for the refractive index change of a liquid medium of 1.37 × 10-5 RIU and a detection limit for absorption changes of less than 0.02 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Zhou
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Malte C. Gather
- Humboldt
Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4–6, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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11
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Gu X, Fang C, Zhuang Y, Zhang D. Ultrahigh-sensitivity temperature sensor based on an elastic TPU capillary whispering gallery resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:310-313. [PMID: 38194556 DOI: 10.1364/ol.501540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
An ultrahigh sensitivity temperature sensor based on an elastic thermoplastic urethane (TPU) capillary whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microcavity is proposed. The temperature sensor comprises a dye-doped TPU capillary and two sealed fused silica capillaries covered at both ends and is fabricated via a thin film assembly and wet etching. The fused silica capillaries limit the thermal volume expansion of the air within it. The volume of the exposed part of the elastic TPU capillary, which has an ultrahigh sensitivity to temperature compared with the thermal volume expansion of material, is increased; the designed elastic TPU capillary WGM microcavity exhibited an ultrahigh sensitivity of 11.28 nm/°C.
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12
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Zhu L, Cao H, Ma J, Wang L. Optical ultrasound sensors for photoacoustic imaging: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11523. [PMID: 38303991 PMCID: PMC10831871 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that can map optical absorption contrast in biological tissues by detecting ultrasound signal. Piezoelectric transducers are commonly used in PA imaging to detect the ultrasound signals. However, piezoelectric transducers suffer from low sensitivity when the dimensions are reduced and are easily influenced by electromagnetic interference. To avoid these limitations, various optical ultrasound sensors have been developed and shown their great potential in PA imaging. Aim Our study aims to summarize recent progress in optical ultrasound sensor technologies and their applications in PA imaging. Approach The commonly used optical ultrasound sensing techniques and their applications in PA systems are reviewed. The technical advances of different optical ultrasound sensors are summarized. Results Optical ultrasound sensors can provide wide bandwidth and improved sensitivity with miniatured size, which enables their applications in PA imaging. Conclusions The optical ultrasound sensors are promising transducers in PA imaging to provide higher-resolution images and can be used in new applications with their unique advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhu
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongming Cao
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Burns, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidai Wang
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Ferreira MFS, Brambilla G, Thévenaz L, Feng X, Zhang L, Sumetsky M, Jones C, Pedireddy S, Vollmer F, Dragic PD, Henderson-Sapir O, Ottaway DJ, Strupiechonski E, Hernandez-Cardoso GG, Hernandez-Serrano AI, González FJ, Castro Camus E, Méndez A, Saccomandi P, Quan Q, Xie Z, Reinhard BM, Diem M. Roadmap on optical sensors. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2024; 26:013001. [PMID: 38116399 PMCID: PMC10726224 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/ad0e85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical sensors and sensing technologies are playing a more and more important role in our modern world. From micro-probes to large devices used in such diverse areas like medical diagnosis, defence, monitoring of industrial and environmental conditions, optics can be used in a variety of ways to achieve compact, low cost, stand-off sensing with extreme sensitivity and selectivity. Actually, the challenges to the design and functioning of an optical sensor for a particular application requires intimate knowledge of the optical, material, and environmental properties that can affect its performance. This roadmap on optical sensors addresses different technologies and application areas. It is constituted by twelve contributions authored by world-leading experts, providing insight into the current state-of-the-art and the challenges their respective fields face. Two articles address the area of optical fibre sensors, encompassing both conventional and specialty optical fibres. Several other articles are dedicated to laser-based sensors, micro- and nano-engineered sensors, whispering-gallery mode and plasmonic sensors. The use of optical sensors in chemical, biological and biomedical areas is discussed in some other papers. Different approaches required to satisfy applications at visible, infrared and THz spectral regions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xian Feng
- Jiangsu Normal University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Zhejiang University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Misha Sumetsky
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Callum Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Srikanth Pedireddy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Dragic
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Ori Henderson-Sapir
- Department of Physics and Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Mirage Photonics, Oaklands Park, SA, Australia
| | - David J Ottaway
- Department of Physics and Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
- OzGrav, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Qimin Quan
- NanoMosaic Inc., United States of America
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America
| | - Björn M Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics Center, Boston University, United States of America
| | - Max Diem
- Northeastern University and CIRECA LLC, United States of America
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14
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Wu Y, Duan B, Li C, Yang D. Multimode sensing based on optical microcavities. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:29. [PMID: 37889446 PMCID: PMC10611689 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical microcavities have the ability to confine photons in small mode volumes for long periods of time, greatly enhancing light-matter interactions, and have become one of the research hotspots in international academia. In recent years, sensing applications in complex environments have inspired the development of multimode optical microcavity sensors. These multimode sensors can be used not only for multi-parameter detection but also to improve measurement precision. In this review, we introduce multimode sensing methods based on optical microcavities and present an overview of the multimode single/multi-parameter optical microcavities sensors. Expected further research activities are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Bing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Changhong Li
- School of Electronic Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Daquan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China.
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15
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Mao W, Li Y, Jiang X, Liu Z, Yang L. A whispering-gallery scanning microprobe for Raman spectroscopy and imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:247. [PMID: 37798286 PMCID: PMC10556008 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical whispering-gallery-mode microsensors are a promising platform for many applications, such as biomedical monitoring, magnetic sensing, and vibration detection. However, like many other micro/nanosensors, they cannot simultaneously have two critical properties - ultrahigh sensitivity and large detection area, which are desired for most sensing applications. Here, we report a novel scanning whispering-gallery-mode microprobe optimized for both features and demonstrate enhanced Raman spectroscopy, providing high-specificity information on molecular fingerprints that are important for numerous sensing applications. Combining the superiorities of whispering-gallery modes and nanoplasmonics, the microprobe exhibits a two-orders-of-magnitude sensitivity improvement over traditional plasmonics-only enhancement; this leads to molecular detection demonstrated with stronger target signals but less optical power required than surface-enhanced-Raman-spectroscopy substrates. Furthermore, the scanning microprobe greatly expands the effective detection area and realizes two-dimensional micron-resolution Raman imaging of molecular distribution. The versatile and ultrasensitive scanning microprobe configuration will thus benefit material characterization, chemical imaging, and quantum-enhanced sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Mao
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yihang Li
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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16
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Zhao X, Guo Z, Zhou Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Luo M, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhang M, Yang X, Wang Y, Sun YL, Wu X. Highly sensitive, modification-free, and dynamic real-time stereo-optical immuno-sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115477. [PMID: 37352760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Modification-free biosensing with high specificity and sensitivity is essential for miniaturized, online, integrated, and rapid, or even real-time molecular analyses. However, most optical biosensors are based on surface pre-modification or fluorescent labeling, and have either low sensitivity or low quality factor (Q). To address these difficulties, in this study, an optical sensor prototype was developed with a microbubble optofluidic channel integrated inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity to three-dimensionally tailor the intra-cavity light field via the intra-cavity lensing (microbubble) configuration. A high Q-factor (∼105), small mode volume, and high light energy density were experimentally achieved with this "stereo-sensor" while maintaining an ultrahigh refractive index (RI) sensitivity (679 nm/RIU) and ultra-small RI resolution (∼10-7 RIU at 950 nm). Moreover, specific detection of very low concentration of biomolecules (5 fg/mL for human IgG and 0.5 pg/mL for human serum albumin (HSA)) and wide range of protein concentrations (e.g., fg/mL-ng/mL for human IgG and pg/mL-ng/mL for HSA) without probe pre-modification were achieved owing to the RI change specifically associated with the probe-target binding and the corresponding bio-macromolecular conformation change. This modification-free stereosensing scenario is applicable to continuous, real-time, and multiplexed operations, thus showing potential for online, integrated, dynamic, biomolecular analyses in vitro or in vivo, such as the dynamic metabolic analysis of single cells or organoids and point-of-care tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhihe Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhiran Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - You Wang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yun-Lu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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17
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Zhao Y, Liu F. Multi-target detection and sizing of single nanoparticles using an optical star polygon microcavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29051-29060. [PMID: 37710712 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a miniaturized single nanoparticle detector that utilizes an optical star polygon microcavity with a 3 µm-radius. The microcavity supports high-quality factor resonant modes, with light localized at the corners of the star-shaped polygon, where the air region is situated. When nanoparticles are positioned at the corners of the microcavity, the light-matter interactions are enhanced. Notably, increasing the number of particles has little effect on the quality factor of the cavity, making it ideal for the simultaneous detection of multiple targets. Our numerical simulations demonstrate the high precision detection of polystyrene nanoparticles with a radius of 3 nm using this method. Furthermore, the size and number of nanoparticles can be determined by utilizing the triangular corners of the cavity as rulers. These findings represent a significant advancement in miniaturized and multi-target simultaneous nanoparticle detection. The proposed detector is expected to have a wide range of applications in various fields, including biomedicine and environmental monitoring.
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18
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Lin ZH, Kushida S, Lin FC, Chen JY, Singh AK, Yamamoto Y, Huang JS. Impact of Plasmonic and Dielectric Substrates on the Whispering-Gallery Modes in Self-Assembled Fluorescent Semiconductor Polymer Microspheres. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37405910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the impact of metallic and dielectric conducting substrates, gold and indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass, on the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of semiconductor π-conjugated polymer microspheres is investigated. Hyperspectral mapping was performed to obtain the excitation-position-dependent emission spectra of the microspheres. Substrate-dependent quenching of WGMs sensitive to mode polarization was observed and explained. On a glass substrate, both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) WGMs are quenched due to frustrated total internal reflection. On a gold substrate, however, only the TM WGMs are allowed in symmetry to leak into surface plasmons. An atomically flat gold substrate with subwavelength slits was used to experimentally verify the leakage of WGMs into the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). This work provides insight into the damping mechanisms of WGMs in microspheres on metallic and dielectric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Hong Lin
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Soh Kushida
- Department of Materials Science and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Fan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang District, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
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19
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Loyez M, Adolphson M, Liao J, Yang L. From Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators to Biochemical Sensors. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37390481 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensors are frontrunners for the rapid and real-time detection of analytes, particularly for low concentrations. Among them, whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have recently attracted a growing focus due to their robust optomechanical features and high sensitivity, measuring down to single binding events in small volumes. In this review, we provide a broad overview of WGM sensors along with critical advice and additional "tips and tricks" to make them more accessible to both biochemical and optical communities. Their structures, fabrication methods, materials, and surface functionalization chemistries are discussed. We propose this reflection under a pedagogical approach to describe and explain these biochemical sensors with a particular focus on the most recent achievements in the field. In addition to highlighting the advantages of WGM sensors, we also discuss and suggest strategies to overcome their current limitations, leaving room for further development as practical tools in various applications. We aim to provide new insights and combine different knowledge and perspectives to advance the development of the next generation of WGM biosensors. With their unique advantages and compatibility with different sensing modalities, these biosensors have the potential to become major game changers for biomedical and environmental monitoring, among many other relevant target applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Loyez
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Maxwell Adolphson
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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20
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Wu Y, Duan B, Song J, Tian H, Chen JH, Yang D, Huang S. Simultaneous temperature and pressure sensing based on a single optical resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18851-18861. [PMID: 37381315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a dual-parameter sensor for the simultaneous detection of temperature and pressure based on a single packaged microbubble resonator (PMBR). The ultrahigh-quality (∼107) PMBR sensor exhibits long-term stability with the maximum wavelength shift about 0.2056 pm. Here, two resonant modes with different sensing performance are selected to implement the parallel detection of temperature and pressure. The temperature and pressure sensitivities of resonant Mode-1 are -10.59 pm/°C and 0.1059 pm/kPa, while the sensitivities of Mode-2 are -7.69 pm/°C and 0.1250 pm/kPa, respectively. By adopting a sensing matrix, the two parameters are precisely decoupled and the root mean square error of measurement are ∼ 0.12 °C and ∼ 6.48 kPa, respectively. This work promises the potential for the multi-parameters sensing in a single optical device.
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21
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Lin WK, Ni L, Wang X, Guo JL, Xu G. Fabrication of a translational photoacoustic needle sensing probe for interstitial photoacoustic spectral analysis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100519. [PMID: 37362870 PMCID: PMC10285275 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using an all-optical interstitial photoacoustic (PA) needle sensing probe for quantitative study of tissue architectures with PA spectral analysis (PASA). In this work, we integrated the optical components into an 18 G steel needle sheath for clinical translation. The dimensions of the needle probe are identical to those of a core biopsy probe and are fully compatible with standard procedures such as prostate biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first interstitial PA probe that can acquire signals with sufficient temporal length for statistics-based PASA. We treated the inner surface of the steel needle sheath and successfully suppressed the vibrational PA signals generated at the surface. Purposed at boosting the measurement sensitivity and extending sensing volume, we upgraded the Fabry-Pérot hydrophone with a plano-concave structure. The performance of the translational needle PA sensing probe was examined with phantoms containing microspheres. The trend of the linear spectral slopes shows negatively correlated to the microsphere dimensions while the midband-fits are positively correlated to microsphere diameters and concentrations. The PASA quantifications show the ability to differentiate microspheres with varied dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kuan Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linyu Ni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jay L. Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Jia D, Zhang R, Yang C, Hao Z, Yu X, Gao F, Bo F, Zhang G, Xu J. Electrically tuned coupling of lithium niobate microresonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2744-2747. [PMID: 37186755 DOI: 10.1364/ol.488974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Microresonators coupled with integrated waveguides operate stably but usually lack tunability for an optimal coupling state. In this Letter, we demonstrate a racetrack resonator with an electrically modulated coupling on an X-cut lithium niobate (LN) platform by introducing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with two balanced directional couplers (DCs) to realize light exchange. This device provides a wide-range coupling regulation, from under-coupling and critical coupling to deep over-coupling. Importantly, it has a fixed resonance frequency when the DC splitting ratio is 3 dB. The measured optical responses of the resonator exhibit a high extinction ratio, exceeding 23 dB, and an effective half-wave voltage length Vπ·L of 0.77 V·cm, suitable for CMOS compatibility. Microresonators with tunable coupling and a stable resonance frequency are expected to find application in nonlinear optical devices on LN-integrated optical platforms.
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23
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Wang J, Li J, Sun S, Dong H, Wu L, Zhao E, He F, Ma X, Zhao YS. Revealing molecular diffusion dynamics in polymer microspheres by optical resonances. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf1725. [PMID: 37163586 PMCID: PMC10171802 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the diffusion of small molecules in polymer microsystems is of great interest in diverse fundamental and industrial research. Despite the rapidly advancing optical imaging and spectroscopic techniques, entities under investigation are usually limited to flat films or bulky samples. We demonstrate a route to in situ detection of diffusion dynamics in polymer micro-objects by means of optical whispering-gallery mode resonances. Through mode tracking, interactions between solvent molecules and polymer microspheres, including sorption, diffusion, and swelling can be quantitatively analyzed. A turning point of mode response is observed, while the diffusion exceeds the sub-wavelength-thick outermost layer as the radial extent of resonances and starts penetrating the inner core. The estimated solubility in the glassy polymer is consistent with the predicted value using Flory-Huggins theory. Besides, the non-Fickian contribution is analyzed in such a glassy polymer-penetrant system. Our work represents a high-precision and label-free approach to describing characteristics in diffusion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengqi Sun
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lan Wu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Engui Zhao
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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24
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Chen H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yu C, Niu R, Zou CL, Lu J, Dong CH, Ren H. Machine learning-assisted high-accuracy and large dynamic range thermometer in high-Q microbubble resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16781-16794. [PMID: 37157750 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators provide an important platform for fine measurement thanks to their small size, high sensitivity, and fast response time. Nevertheless, traditional methods focus on tracking single-mode changes for measurement, and a great deal of information from other resonances is ignored and wasted. Here, we demonstrate that the proposed multimode sensing contains more Fisher information than single mode tracking and has great potential to achieve better performance. Based on a microbubble resonator, a temperature detection system has been built to systematically investigate the proposed multimode sensing method. After the multimode spectral signals are collected by the automated experimental setup, a machine learning algorithm is used to predict the unknown temperature by taking full advantage of multiple resonances. The results show the average error of 3.8 × 10-3°C within the range from 25.00°C to 40.00°C by employing a generalized regression neural network (GRNN). In addition, we have also discussed the influence of the consumed data resource on its predicted performance, such as the amount of training data and the case of different temperate ranges between the training and test data. With high accuracy and large dynamic range, this work paves the way for WGM resonator-based intelligent optical sensing.
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25
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Chang H, Zhang J. Detecting nanoparticles by "listening". FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS 2023; 18:53602. [PMID: 37192844 PMCID: PMC10163296 DOI: 10.1007/s11467-023-1287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the macroscopic world, we can obtain some important information through the vibration of objects, that is, listening to the sound. Likewise, we can also get some information of the nanoparticles that we want to know by the means of "listening" in the microscopic world. In this review, we will introduce two sensing methods (cavity optomechanical sensing and surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing) which can be used to detect the nanoparticles. The cavity optomechanical systems are mainly used to detect sub-gigahertz nanoparticle or cavity vibrations, while surface-enhanced Raman scattering is a well-known technique to detect molecular vibrations whose frequency generally exceeds terahertz. Therefore, the vibrational information of nanoparticles from low-frequency to high-frequency could be obtained by these two methods. The size of the viruses is at the nanoscale and we can regard it as a kind of nanoparticles. Rapid and ultrasensitive detection of the viruses is the key strategies to break the spread of the viruses in the community. Cavity optomechanical sensing enables rapid, ultrasensitive detection of nanoparticles through the interaction of light and mechanical oscillators and surface-enhanced Raman scattering is an attractive qualitatively analytical technique for chemical sensing and biomedical applications, which has been used to detect the SARS-CoV-2 infected. Hence, investigation in these two fields is of vital importance in preventing the spread of the virus from affecting human's life and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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26
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Yang X, Tang SJ, Meng JW, Zhang PJ, Chen YL, Xiao YF. Phase-Transition Microcavity Laser. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3048-3053. [PMID: 36946699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-crystal microcavity lasers have attracted considerable attention because of their extraordinary tunability and sensitive response to external stimuli, and because they operate generally within a specific phase. Here, we demonstrate a liquid-crystal microcavity laser operated in the phase transition in which the reorientation of liquid-crystal molecules occurs from aligned to disordered states. A significant wavelength shift of the microlaser is observed, resulting from the dramatic changes in the refractive index of liquid-crystal microdroplets during the phase transition. This phase-transition microcavity laser is then exploited for sensitive thermal sensing, enabling a two-order-of-magnitude enhancement in sensitivity compared with the nematic-phase microlaser operated far from the transition point. Experimentally, we demonstrate an exceptional sensitivity of -40 nm/K and an ultrahigh resolution of 320 μK. The phase-transition microcavity laser features compactness, softness, and tunability, showing great potential for high-performance sensors, optical modulators, and soft matter photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shui-Jing Tang
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia-Wei Meng
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pei-Ji Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - You-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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27
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Yi CJ, Shen MC, Qin Q, Zhang YF, Lin XM, Ye MY. Transition from electromagnetically-induced transparency to absorption in a single microresonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:7167-7174. [PMID: 36859853 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) are two phenomena that can be observed in whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) optical microresonators. Transition from EIT to EIA has potential applications in optical switching, filtering and sensing. In this paper an observation of the transition from EIT to EIA in a single WGM microresonator is presented. A fiber taper is used to couple light into and out of a sausage-like microresonator (SLM) that contains two coupled optical modes with significantly different quality factors. By stretching the SLM axially the resonance frequencies of the two coupled modes are tuned to the same, a transition from EIT to EIA is then observed in the transmission spectra when the fiber taper is moved closer to the SLM. It is the special spatial distribution of the optical modes of the SLM that provide a theoretical basis for the observation.
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28
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Gubin AI, Barannik AA, Protsenko IA, Chekubasheva VA, Lavrinovich AA, Cherpak NT, Vitusevich S. Microwave characterization of aqueous amino acid solutions using the multifrequency WGM resonator technique. Biol Chem 2023; 404:229-235. [PMID: 36457278 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids play essential role for humans. We studied the dielectric properties of the basic aliphatic amino acids and polar positive amino acids in solutions of different concentrations. The high-Q single microwave whispering gallery-mode (WGM) quartz dielectric resonator based technique, enhanced to a number of measurement frequencies, was applied. The technique allows liquid investigation of micro- to nano- liter volumes filled in microfluidic channel on six discrete frequencies in the 30-40 GHz range. The dependencies of the complex permittivity on the molar mass show almost linear behavior for aliphatic amino acids at different concentrations. The study results are in good agreement with the calculated data obtained by Cole-Cole equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey I Gubin
- O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 61085 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander A Barannik
- O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 61085 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Irina A Protsenko
- O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 61085 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriia A Chekubasheva
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander A Lavrinovich
- O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 61085 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nickolay T Cherpak
- O. Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 61085 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana Vitusevich
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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29
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Yue J, Rong J, Xing E, Xu W, Bai J, Liu W, Tang J, Liu J. Compact on-chip crystalline resonator integration with etching of tapered fiber waveguide. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1492-1496. [PMID: 36821309 DOI: 10.1364/ao.477764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode crystalline resonators currently maintain the best quality factor (Q) record; however, compact on-chip packaging is still a challenge, although various coupling architectures have been developed. Here, a chemical etching method is proposed to fabricate a miniaturized tapered fiber waveguide on silicon substrate. The Marangoni effect is implemented to reduce the surface roughness of the cone region. The optical loss of 0.1 dB/mm is obtained, and the Q of the on-chip crystalline resonator exceeds 108. Additionally, thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is implanted in the package to actively customize the temperature, and the temperature response of 18 pm/°C is consistent with the theoretical calculation.
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30
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Fan X, Wang R, Li M, Tang X, Xu C, Hao Q, Qiu T. High-specificity molecular sensing on an individual whispering-gallery-mode cavity: coupling-enhanced Raman scattering by photoinduced charge transfer and cavity effects. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:195-201. [PMID: 36468209 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00450j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) cavities have gained considerable interest because of their unique properties of enhanced light-matter interactions. Conventional WGM sensing is based on the mechanisms of mode shift, mode broadening, or mode splitting, which requires a small mode volume and an ultrahigh Q-factor. Besides, WGM sensing suffers from a lack of specificity in identifying substances, and additional chemical functionalization or incorporation of plasmonic materials is required for achieving good specificity. Herein, we propose a new sensing method based on an individual WGM cavity to achieve ultrasensitive and high-specificity molecular sensing, which combines the features of enhanced light-matter interactions on the WGM cavity and the "fingerprint spectrum" of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This method identifies the substance by monitoring the Raman signal enhanced by the WGM cavity rather than monitoring the variation of the WGM itself. Therefore, ultrasensitive and high-specificity molecular sensing can be accomplished even on a low-Q cavity. The working principles of the proposed sensing method were also systematically investigated in terms of photoinduced charge transfer, Purcell effect, and optical resonance coupling. This work provides a new WGM sensing approach as well as a strategy for the design of a high-performance SERS substrate by creating an optical resonance mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingce Fan
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Mingze Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Qi Hao
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Teng Qiu
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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31
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Raman amplification for trapped radiation in crystalline single Si nanoparticle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1014. [PMID: 36653377 PMCID: PMC9849211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In a single crystalline Si particle, we observed a huge amplification of the Raman peak at 521 cm-1. With an AFM microscope, coupled with a Micro-Raman spectrometer, we investigate a single Si particle at wavelengths of 532 nm, 633 nm, and 785 nm. As observed by transmission electron microscopy, it has an octahedral shape of 150 nm in size. Thermal effects were detected on the Raman peak when the laser radiation, trapped inside, determines the heating of the particle up to its fusion. In these cases, the Raman peak splits into two components, the first at the crystal position and the other shifted at a lower value. The data permit the identification of the amplification mechanism of the Raman peak as trapped radiation moving forward and backwards into the particle. The thermal effects are attributed to phonon confinement and reduced thermal exchange with the surrounding. The present results are discussed in light of local order, the uncertainty principle, and phonon dispersion curves, and corroborated by shape-dependent simulation of absorption, scattering, and extinction behaviour.
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32
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Pan F, Karlsson K, Nixon AG, Hogan LT, Ward JM, Smith KC, Masiello DJ, Nic Chormaic S, Goldsmith RH. Active Control of Plasmonic-Photonic Interactions in a Microbubble Cavity. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:20470-20479. [PMID: 36620077 PMCID: PMC9814823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c05733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Active control of light-matter interactions using nanophotonic structures is critical for new modalities for solar energy production, cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), and sensing, particularly at the single-particle level, where it underpins the creation of tunable nanophotonic networks. Coupled plasmonic-photonic systems show great promise toward these goals because of their subwavelength spatial confinement and ultrahigh-quality factors inherited from their respective components. Here, we present a microfluidic approach using microbubble whispering-gallery mode cavities to actively control plasmonic-photonic interactions at the single-particle level. By changing the solvent in the interior of the microbubble, control can be exerted on the interior dielectric constant and, thus, on the spatial overlap between the photonic and plasmonic modes. Qualitative agreement between experiment and simulation reveals the competing roles mode overlap and mode volume play in altering coupling strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Kristoffer Karlsson
- Light-Matter
Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa904-0495, Japan
| | - Austin G. Nixon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Levi T. Hogan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Ward
- Department
of Physics, University College Cork, CorkVGV5+95, Ireland
| | - Kevin C. Smith
- Department
of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, United States
| | - David J. Masiello
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Síle Nic Chormaic
- Light-Matter
Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa904-0495, Japan
| | - Randall H. Goldsmith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
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33
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Zhao X, Zhou Y, Li Y, Guo J, Liu Z, Luo M, Guo Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang Y, Wu X. Ultrasensitive optofluidic coupled Fabry-Perot capillary sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45070-45081. [PMID: 36522917 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) measurements are pertinent in concentration and biomolecular detection. Accordingly, an ultrasensitive optofluidic coupled Fabry-Perot (FP) capillary sensor based on the Vernier effect for RI sensing is proposed. Square capillaries integrated with the coupled FP microcavity provide multiple microfluidic channels while reducing the complexity of the fabrication process. The incoherent light source and spectrometer used during measurement facilitate the development of a low-cost sensing system. An ultrahigh RI sensitivity of 51709.0 nm/RIU and detection limit of 2.84 × 10-5 RIU are experimentally demonstrated, indicating acceptable RI sensing performance. The proposed sensor has significant potential for practical and low-cost applications such as RI, concentration, or biomolecular sensing.
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34
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Free spectral range magnetic tuning of an integrated microcavity. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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35
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Li Z, Gao X, Li M, Yan Q, Zhang N, Yu B, Zhang B, Zhang S, Helal MH, Abu Ali OA, Nassan MA, Qyyum MA, Asif S, Bokhari A. Steroid hormone-inducible biosensor based on EGFP-tagged and environmental application. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114303. [PMID: 36116500 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones as a class of emerging organic pollutant and high concern, due to their potential risks for human and environmental. Accurate analytical methods of steroid hormones are necessary in quantifying and monitoring. Biosensor is a promising technique. In this study, though part of 3α-HSD DNA to construct a regulatory plasmid and with the EGFP reporter gene to generate a reporter plasmid. Separately transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21 and extracted the cell lysates as novel biosensor reagents. Analyzed the total amounts of steroid hormones in water, sediment, and soil samples using biosensor reagents, and compared these results with those obtained by HPLC. In summary, detection method using an EGFP reporter that can detect trace amounts of steroid hormones to reached fg/L. The optimal reaction time range and temperature were 30 min and 30 °C, respectively, while the most suitable organic solvent for the steroid hormone was 100% ethanol, up to 96-well plate format. This method is very suitable for high-throughput detection of environmental steroid hormone pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Xingai Gao
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ming Li
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qiuliang Yan
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Bimi Zhang
- Economic Management Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Shuying Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Jilin Province, China.
| | - Mohamed H Helal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, PO 840, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ola A Abu Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qyyum
- Department of Petroleum & Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saira Asif
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centra, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centra, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, 54000, Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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36
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Dilliway C, Dyer O, Mandrou E, Mitchell D, Menon G, Sparks H, Kapitany V, Payne-Dwyer A. Working at the interface of physics and biology: An early career researcher perspective. iScience 2022; 25:105615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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37
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Kountouris G, Mørk J, Denning EV, Kristensen PT. Modal properties of dielectric bowtie cavities with deep sub-wavelength confinement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40367-40378. [PMID: 36298971 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a design for an optical dielectric bowtie cavity which features deep sub-wavelength confinement of light. The cavity is derived via simplification of a complex geometry identified through inverse design by topology optimization, and it successfully retains the extreme properties of the original structure, including an effective mode volume of Veff = 0.083 ± 0.001 (λc/2nSi)3 at its center. Based on this design, we present a modal analysis to show that the Purcell factor can be well described by a single quasinormal mode in a wide bandwidth of interest. Owing to the small mode volume, moreover, the cavity exhibits a remarkable sensitivity to local shape deformations, which we show to be well described by perturbation theory. The intuitive simplification approach to inverse design geometries coupled with the quasinormal mode analysis demonstrated in this work provides a powerful modeling framework for the emerging field of dielectric cavities with deep sub-wavelength confinement.
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38
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Rong J, Chi H, Jia T, Li J, Xing T, Yue J, Xing E, Sun F, Tang J, Liu J. Large-scale flexible-resonators with temperature insensitivity employing superoleophobic substrates. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40897-40905. [PMID: 36299014 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode polymer resonators are becoming competitive with devices made of other materials, however, the inherent thermal sensitivity of the materials and the small size limit their applications, such as high-precision optical gyroscope. Here, a method is proposed for fabricating large-scale NOA65 resonators with quality factors greater than 105 on a chip employing superoleophobic. The sandwich structure as the core layer of resonator is used to present the flexible remodeling characteristics, the surface roughness remains below 1 nm when the diameter changes by more than 25%. Importantly, theoretical and experimental results show that under the tuning action of external pressure, the equivalent thermal expansion coefficient of the resonator gradually approaches the glass sheet on both sides with the variation of 2 × 10-4 /°C∼0.9 × 10-4 /°C, and the corresponding temperature response range of 0.12 nm/°C∼-0.056 nm/°C shows the promise of temperature insensitivity resonators on a chip.
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39
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Paz-Buclatin F, Perera-Suárez Y, Martín IR, Ríos S, de Varona O, Ródenas A, Martin LL. Experimental and Numerical Validation of Whispering Gallery Resonators as Optical Temperature Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7831. [PMID: 36298181 PMCID: PMC9609393 DOI: 10.3390/s22207831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study experimentally and numerically validates the commonly employed technique of laser-induced heating of a material in optical temperature sensing studies. Furthermore, the Er3+-doped glass microspheres studied in this work can be employed as remote optical temperature sensors. Laser-induced self-heating is a useful technique commonly employed in optical temperature sensing research when two temperature-dependent parameters can be correlated, such as in fluorescence intensity ratio vs. interferometric calibration, allowing straightforward sensor characterization. A frequent assumption in such experiments is that thermal homogeneity within the sensor volume, that is, a sound hypothesis when dealing with small volume to surface area ratio devices such as microresonators, but has never been validated. In order to address this issue, we performed a series of experiments and simulations on a microsphere supporting whispering gallery mode resonances, laser heating it at ambient pressure and medium vacuum while tracking the resonance wavelength shift and comparing it to the shift rate observed in a thermal bath. The simulations were done starting only from the material properties of the bulk glass to simulate the physical phenomena of laser heating and resonance of the microsphere glass. Despite the simplicity of the model, both measurements and simulations are in good agreement with a highly homogeneous temperature within the resonator, thus validating the laser heating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franzette Paz-Buclatin
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Ylenia Perera-Suárez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Inocencio R. Martín
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Susana Ríos
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Omar de Varona
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Airán Ródenas
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Leopoldo L. Martin
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Avanzados (IUdEA), Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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40
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Li C, Lohrey T, Nguyen PD, Min Z, Tang Y, Ge C, Sercel ZP, McLeod E, Stoltz BM, Su J. Part-per-Trillion Trace Selective Gas Detection Using Frequency Locked Whispering-Gallery Mode Microtoroids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42430-42440. [PMID: 36049126 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of toxic and hazardous gases at trace concentrations plays a vital role in industrial, battlefield, and laboratory scenarios. Of interest are both sensitive as well as highly selective sensors. Whispering-gallery mode (WGM) microresonator-based biochemical sensors are among the most sensitive sensors in existence due to their long photon confinement times. One main concern with these devices, however, is their selectivity toward specific classes of target analytes. Here, we employ frequency locked WGM microtoroid optical resonators covalently modified with various polymer coatings to selectively detect the chemical warfare agent surrogate diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) as well as the toxic industrial chemicals formaldehyde and ammonia at parts-per-trillion concentrations (304, 434, and 117 ppt, respectively). This is 1-2 orders of magnitude better than previously reported, depending on the target, except for pristine graphene and pristine carbon nanotube sensors, which demonstrate similar detection levels but in vacuum and without selectivity. Selective polymer coatings include polyethylene glycol for DIMP sensing, accessed by the modification of commercially available materials, and 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl-terminated polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) for ammonia sensing. Notably, we developed for the first time an efficient one-pot procedure to access 3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl-terminated PVAc that utilizes cobalt-mediated living radical polymerization and a nitroxyl polymer-terminating agent. Alkaline hydrolysis of PVAc coatings to form polyvinyl alcohol coatings directly bound to the microtoroid proved to be reliable and reproducible, leading to WGM sensors capable of the rapid and selective detection of formaldehyde vapors. The selectivity of these three polymer coatings as sensing media was predicted, in part, based on their functional group content and known reactivity patterns with the target analytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that microtoroids coated with a mixture of polymers can serve as an all-in-one sensor that can detect multiple agents. We anticipate that our results will facilitate rapid early detection of chemical agents, as well as their surrogates and precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Trevor Lohrey
- The Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Phuong-Diem Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Zhouyang Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Yisha Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Chang Ge
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Zachary P Sercel
- The Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Euan McLeod
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Judith Su
- Wyant College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1630 E University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
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41
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Dong Y, Sun P, Zeng X, Wang J, Li Y, Wang M, Wang H. Displacement sensing in a multimode SNAP microcavity by an artificial neural network. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:27015-27027. [PMID: 36236882 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from the coupling between the Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonics (SNAP) microcavity and the waveguide, i.e., influenced by their abrupt field overlap, multiple axial modes in the transmission spectrum form a functional relationship with the coupling position, thus enabling displacement sensing. However, this functional relationship is complex and nonlinear, which is difficult to be fitted using analytical methods. We introduce a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to model this functional relationship. The numerical results show that the multimode sensing scheme has great potential for practical large-range, high-precision displacement sensing platforms compared with the single-mode sensing based on the whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators.
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42
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Couillard M, Bianucci P. Measurement of the absolute radius, refractive index, and dispersion of a long cylinder. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26742-26748. [PMID: 36236860 DOI: 10.1364/oe.463178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Long cylinders, such as optical fibers, are some of the most widely used photonic devices. The radius and refractive index of these fibers are therefore fundamentally important parameters in determining their performance. We have developed a method to determine the absolute radius, refractive index, and chromatic dispersion of a long cylinder using only the resonance wavelengths of the whispering gallery modes around its circumference for two different polarizations. Since this method only requires the measurement of resonance wavelengths, it is non-destructive and it can be performed using standard equipment. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the method on a 125µm optical fiber and an 80µm borosilicate capillary fiber with thick walls, obtaining values for the diameter and the refractive index with an accuracy of 2 nm and 2 × 10-5, respectively.
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43
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Biofilm Detection by a Fiber-Tip Ball Resonator Optical Fiber Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070481. [PMID: 35884284 PMCID: PMC9313161 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are one of the most important challenges that modern medicine faces due to the difficulties of diagnosis, antibiotic resistance, and protective mechanisms against aggressive environments. For these reasons, methods that ensure the inexpensive and rapid or real-time detection of biofilm formation on medical devices are needed. This study examines the possibilities of using optical- and fiber-based biosensors to detect and analyze early bacterial biofilms. In this study, the biofilm-forming model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inoculated on the surface of the optical sensor and allowed to attach for 2 h. The biosensors were made by a fiber-tip ball resonator, fabricated through a CO2 laser splicer on a single-mode fiber, forming a weak reflective spectrum. An optical backscatter reflectometer was used to measure the refractive index detected by the sensors during different growth periods. The early biofilm concentration was determined by crystal violet (CV) binding assay; however, such a concentration was lower than the detection limit of this assay. This work presents a new approach of biofilm sensing in the early attachment stage with a low limit of detection up to 10−4 RIU (refractive index units) or 35 ± 20 × 103 CFU/mL (colony formed units).
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44
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Qavi AJ, Meserve K, Aman MJ, Vu H, Zeitlin L, Dye JM, Froude JW, Leung DW, Yang L, Holtsberg FW, Bailey RC, Amarasinghe GK. Rapid detection of an Ebola biomarker with optical microring resonators. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100234. [PMID: 35784644 PMCID: PMC9243524 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly infectious pathogen, with a case mortality rate as high as 89%. Rapid therapeutic treatments and supportive measures can drastically improve patient outcome; however, the symptoms of EBOV disease (EVD) lack specificity from other endemic diseases. Given the high mortality and significant symptom overlap, there is a critical need for sensitive, rapid diagnostics for EVD. Facile diagnosis of EVD remains a challenge. Here, we describe a rapid and sensitive diagnostic for EVD through microring resonator sensors in conjunction with a unique biomarker of EBOV infection, soluble glycoprotein (sGP). Microring resonator sensors detected sGP in under 40 min with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 1.00 ng/mL in serum. Furthermore, we validated our assay with the detection of sGP in serum from EBOV-infected non-human primates. Our results demonstrate the utility of a high-sensitivity diagnostic platform for detection of sGP for diagnosis of EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Qavi
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Krista Meserve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Hong Vu
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Froude
- United States Army Nuclear and Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
| | - Daisy W. Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Ryan C. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Thermo-Optical Sensitivity of Whispering Gallery Modes in As 2S 3 Chalcogenide Glass Microresonators. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22124636. [PMID: 35746418 PMCID: PMC9229789 DOI: 10.3390/s22124636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glass microresonators with whispering gallery modes (WGMs) have a lot of diversified applications, including applications for sensing based on thermo-optical effects. Chalcogenide glass microresonators have a noticeably higher temperature sensitivity compared to silica ones, but only a few works have been devoted to the study of their thermo-optical properties. We present experimental and theoretical studies of thermo-optical effects in microspheres made of an As2S3 chalcogenide glass fiber. We investigated the steady-state and transient temperature distributions caused by heating due to the partial thermalization of the pump power and found the corresponding wavelength shifts of the WGMs. The experimental measurements of the thermal response time, thermo-optical shifts of the WGMs, and heat power sensitivity in microspheres with diameters of 80-380 µm are in a good agreement with the theoretically predicted dependences. The calculated temperature sensitivity of 42 pm/K does not depend on diameter for microspheres made of commercially available chalcogenide fiber, which may play an important role in the development of temperature sensors.
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Linghu S, Ma Y, Gu Z, Zhu R, Liu Y, Liu H, Gu F. Thermal-mechanical-photo-activation effect on silica micro/nanofiber surfaces: origination, reparation and utilization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22755-22767. [PMID: 36224966 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The exploration relevant to the surface changes on optical micro- and nanofibers (MNFs) is still in infancy, and the reported original mechanisms remain long-standing puzzles. Here, by recognizing the combined interactions between fiber heating, mechanically tapering, and high-power pulsed laser guiding processes in MNFs, we establish a general thermal-mechanical-photo-activation mechanism that can explain the surface changes on MNFs. Our proposed activation mechanism can be well supported by the systematical experimental results using high-intensity nanosecond/femtosecond pulsed lasers. Especially we find large bump-like nanoscale cavities on the fracture ends of thin MNFs. Theoretically, on the basis of greatly increased bond energy activated by the fiber heating and mechanically tapering processes, the energy needed to break the silicon-oxygen bond into dangling bonds is significantly reduced from its intrinsic bandgap of ∼9 eV to as low as ∼4.0 eV, thus high-power pulsed lasers with much smaller photon energy can induce obvious surface changes on MNFs via multi-photon absorption. Finally, we demonstrate that using surfactants can repair the MNF surfaces and exploit them in promising applications ranging from sensing and optoelectronics to nonlinear optics. Our results pave the way for future preventing the performances from degradation and enabling the practical MNF-based device applications.
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Guo C, Wang C, Ma T, Zhang L, Wang F. Integrated refractive index sensor based on an AlN-PSiO 2 hybrid plasmonic microdisk resonator. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:4980-4985. [PMID: 36256173 DOI: 10.1364/ao.458340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a microdisk resonator (MDR) based on an AlN-PSiO2 hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPW) and its refractive index (RI) sensing characteristics are investigated. The plasmonic characteristics of the MDR based on the AlN-PSiO2 HPW (APHPW-MDR) in near-infrared wavelengths are studied by using the finite element method. Through the structure parameter optimizations, the propagation length (Lprop) of the APHPW-MDR is ∼165µm, which is ∼2.5 times as long as that of the MDR based on the AlN HPW (AHPW-MDR). The simulation results show that the quality factor (Q) and extinction rate (ER) of the APHPW-MDR are ∼621.3 and ∼30dB, respectively. The RI sensing sensitivity (S) of the RI sensor based on the APHPW-MDR is ∼276.6nm/RIU. The RI sensor based on the APHPW-MDR has wide application prospects in high-performance biochemical sensing, and it can also be used in integrated optical filters, modulators, switches, routers, and delay circuits.
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Romano G, Insero G, Marrugat SN, Fusi F. Innovative light sources for phototherapy. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:256-271. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The use of light for therapeutic purposes dates back to ancient Egypt, where the sun itself was an innovative source, probably used for the first time to heal skin diseases. Since then, technical innovation and advancement in medical sciences have produced newer and more sophisticated solutions for light-emitting sources and their applications in medicine. Starting from a brief historical introduction, the concept of innovation in light sources is discussed and analysed, first from a technical point of view and then in the light of their fitness to improve existing therapeutic protocols or propose new ones. If it is true that a “pure” technical advancement is a good reason for innovation, only a sub-system of those advancements is innovative for phototherapy. To illustrate this concept, the most representative examples of innovative light sources are presented and discussed, both from a technical point of view and from the perspective of their diffusion and applications in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence , Viale G. Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Giacomo Insero
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence , Viale G. Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
- National Research Council, National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO) , Via Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino , FI , Italy
| | - Santi Nonell Marrugat
- Institut Quimic de Sarria, Universidad Ramon Llull , Via Augusta 390 , 08017 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Franco Fusi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence , Viale G. Pieraccini 6 , 50139 Florence , Italy
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Shang Y, Chen T, Ma T, Hao S, Lv W, Jia D, Yang C. Advanced lanthanide doped upconversion nanomaterials for lasing emission. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Shan H, Dai H, Chen X. Monitoring Various Bioactivities at the Molecular, Cellular, Tissue, and Organism Levels via Biological Lasers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3149. [PMID: 35590841 PMCID: PMC9102053 DOI: 10.3390/s22093149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The laser is considered one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Biolasers employ high signal-to-noise ratio lasing emission rather than regular fluorescence as the sensing signal, directional out-coupling of lasing and excellent biocompatibility. Meanwhile, biolasers can also be micro-sized or smaller lasers with embedded/integrated biological materials. This article presents the progress in biolasers, focusing on the work done over the past years, including the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism levels. Furthermore, biolasers have been utilized and explored for broad applications in biosensing, labeling, tracking, bioimaging, and biomedical development due to a number of unique advantages. Finally, we provide the possible directions of biolasers and their applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Hailang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (H.S.); (H.D.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
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