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de la Guía-Galipienso F, Palau P, Berenguel-Senen A, Perez-Quilis C, Christle JW, Myers J, Haddad F, Baggish A, D'Ascenzi F, Lavie CJ, Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F. Being fit in the COVID-19 era and future epidemics prevention: Importance of cardiopulmonary exercise test in fitness evaluation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 83:84-91. [PMID: 38452909 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Endurance and resistance physical activity have been shown to stimulate the production of immunoglobulins and boost the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, natural killer cells, and neutrophils in the bloodstream, thereby strengthening the ability of the innate immune system to protect against diseases and infections. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) greatly impacted people's cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health worldwide. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) remains valuable in assessing physical condition, predicting illness severity, and guiding interventions and treatments. In this narrative review, we summarize the connections and impact of COVID-19 on CRF levels and its implications on the disease's progression, prognosis, and mortality. We also emphasize the significant contribution of CPET in both clinical evaluations of recovering COVID-19 patients and scientific investigations focused on comprehending the enduring health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de la Guía-Galipienso
- School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain; REMA Sports Cardiology Clinic, Denia, Alicante, Spain; Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Palau
- Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berenguel-Senen
- Ergospirometry Working Group Spanish Society of Cardiology, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Prevention and Sports Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carme Perez-Quilis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Christle
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - François Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Baggish
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Sport Science, University of Lausanne (ISSUL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Sports Cardiology and Rehab Unit, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School - The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Peng Y, Qin D, Wang Y, Gao W, Xu X. Pharmacological inhibition of ICOS attenuates the protective effect of exercise on cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176327. [PMID: 38224847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the cardioprotective mechanism of exercise or exercise combined with inducible costimulatory molecules (ICOS) monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling. MAIN METHODS Totally 24 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (normal saline treatment), ISO group (subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol, 10 mg/kg/day, once daily for 5 consecutive days), the exercise with subcutaneous ISO injection group (EPI), and the exercise with injected with ISO and ICOS mAb group (EPII). The mice in EPI and EPII group were trained on a small animal treadmill for 4 weeks (13 m/min, 0% grade, 60min/day). KEY FINDINGS Exercise significantly attenuated CD45+, Mac-2 inflammatory cell infiltration, cardiac fibrosis and inhibited the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL/CaMKII and cardiomyocyte pyroptosis pathways to counter ISO-induced severe cardiac injury. The administration of the ICOS mAb may inhibit the cardioprotection of exercise against ISO-induced heart damage. Compared to those in EPI, our data showed that the increasing levels of myocardial fibrosis, the leukocyte infiltration of cardiac tissue and proteins expression of cardiac myocyte necrosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways in the EPII group. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that exercise decreased leukocyte infiltration in heart, inhibited the cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and necroptosis signaling pathways, and attenuated inflammatory responses to alleviate ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis. However, the antifibrotic effects of combined treatment with exercise and ICOS mAb intervention did not exhibit synergistic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Sports and Health Project, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Rehabilitation for Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Qin
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yudi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Nursing, Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyue Gao
- School of Sport and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
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Arena R, Pronk NP, Woodard C. The Influence of Social Vulnerability and Culture on Physical Inactivity in the United States - Identifying Hot Spots in Need of Attention. Am J Med 2024; 137:113-121. [PMID: 38102038 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, ongoing efforts to increase individual- and population-level physical activity have made little to no progress over the past decade in reducing the percentage of individuals who report no leisure-time physical activity. The purpose of the current study is to further assess the relationship between social vulnerability and the prevalence of physical inactivity at the county level. METHODS We merged county-level data on physical inactivity prevalence, the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and the American Nations regional cultures schematic. RESULTS Physical inactivity significantly correlated (P < .001) with the overall SVI score and all subtheme scores to varying levels of strength. Clear and statistically significant heterogeneity in the SVI scores was apparent across distinct regions using the American Nations model, consistent with previously demonstrated patterns of physical inactivity prevalence. CONCLUSIONS On a national level, physical inactivity prevalence is unacceptably high and has not appreciably improved over the past decade. Within the United States, high levels of social vulnerability and physical inactivity are concentrated within specific geographic regions that need tailored solutions to resolve health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Nicolaas P Pronk
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, Ill; HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minn; Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Colin Woodard
- Nationhood Lab, Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy, Salve Regina University, Newport, RI
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Delfino LD, Tebar WR, Christofaro DGD. Prevalence and association of compliance with the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines with sociodemographic aspects in Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:262. [PMID: 38254074 PMCID: PMC10804558 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical inactivity is a global health concern, so that recommendations on sufficient physical activity levels are elaborated worldwide, such as in Brazil. However, the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines were first in the world to consider time-specific recommendations for physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep, which is still not developed for Latin-American population. The present study aimed to verify the adherence to Canadian 24-hour guidelines in a Brazilian inner city and to analyze its association with sociodemographic aspects. METHODS A cross-sectional epidemiological study, with a sample composed by 250 adults (140 women), with a median age of 41.0 years. Objective measures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior were collected by accelerometry. Sleep duration and sociodemographic aspects (ethnicity, gender, age, educational attainment and socioeconomic level) were obtained through a face-to-face questionnaire. Canadian 24-hour guidelines considered ≥ 150 min/week of MVPA, <8 h/day of sedentary behavior and daily sleep time between 7 and 9 h, being analyzed separately and in combination. Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used to analyze the prevalence ratio (PR) of meeting the 24-hour guidelines according to the categories of sociodemographic variables, being performed by the software IBM SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS The complete 24-hour guidelines were met only by 24.4% of sample (n = 61). Sedentary behavior was the most met guideline (88%), followed by MVPA (56.8%) and sleep (53.2%), without significant difference according to sex. When compared to elderly participants, those participants in younger groups (18-39 years and 40-59 years) were more likely to meet MVPA guideline (PR = 2.51 [95%CI = 1.47; 4.28] and PR = 2.60 [95%CI = 1.52; 4.45], respectively), as well as the combination of MVPA and sedentary behavior (PR = 1.98 [95%CI = 1.13; 3.44] and PR = 2.17 [95%CI = 1.25; 3.79], respectively) and MVPA with the sleep guideline (PR = 2.39 [95%CI = 1.09; 5.27] only for 18-39 years group). Men were more likely to meet MVPA guideline than women (PR = 1.29 [95%CI = 1.04; 1.59]). CONCLUSION Younger aged and male adults were more likely to meet the Canadian 24-hour guidelines in a small Brazilian city. However, further studies with larger and representative samples of sociodemographic stratum are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Dragueta Delfino
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- Center of Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo - USP, 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Physical Education Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rosenkrantz L, Schuurman N, Lear SA. Environmental Preferences and Concerns of Recreational Trail Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:97. [PMID: 38248560 PMCID: PMC10815876 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Trail running is a fast-growing sport, linked to improvements in both physical and psychological well-being. Despite its popularity, the preferences of trail runners are not well known. The objective of this study was to examine the environmental preferences and concerns of trail runners with respect to age and gender. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of recreational trail runners. A total of 548 people responded, of which 50.1% of respondents were women and 44.2% were men. The sample was distributed relatively evenly across age groups, up to 54 years; respondents over 55 represented only 9.4% of the sample. Comparisons of runner characteristics by gender indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) according to age, distance run per week, and number of days run per week. Certain runner preferences also differed significantly by gender, including importance of running around others, the type of trail races they seek, and whether or not they like to seek "vert" or elevation in their runs. Major concerns for both genders while running included lack of cell reception (Men: 33.8%; Women: 50.8%) and getting lost (Men: 26.8%; Women: 35.5%). Comparisons of the results of this study help to strengthen our understanding of trail runners' environmental preferences and concerns and can be used to guide future design and maintenance of trail environments to encourage greater participation in the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Rosenkrantz
- Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nadine Schuurman
- Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Scott A. Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Hatch R, Devito P, Reams M, Pena F. Foot and Ankle Bone Marrow Edema Assessment in Long Distance Runners. Foot Ankle Int 2023; 44:1231-1238. [PMID: 37994648 DOI: 10.1177/10711007231201332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical significance of foot and ankle bone marrow edema (BME) is poorly understood. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were collected for 17 runners who participated in the Twin Cities Marathon, immediately postmarathon and at a 6-week follow-up. Bone marrow edema lesions were classified using lesion frequency, anatomical location, and grading scale change to calculate a BME score for each affected bone. Spearman rank correlation coefficient test was used to identify a possible correlation between VAS and postmarathon BME. A paired Student t test was used to detect differences between total mileage ran 6 weeks postmarathon in participants with or without BME. RESULTS After completing the marathon, 8 BME lesions were identified in 5 participants (29.4%; 5/17), 3 were men, and 2 were women, with a mean age of 33.8 years (range: 24-52), and BMI of 22.9 ± 4. All lesions were resolved on 6-week follow-up imaging. VAS pain scores did not correlate with postmarathon BME. A significant difference in total miles logged over 6 weeks postmarathon could not be found among participants with and without BME. CONCLUSION Foot and ankle BME changes identified by MRI were not correlated to clinical symptoms and may resolve with self-directed activity in less time than other areas of the lower extremity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, Prospective Cohort Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hatch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul Devito
- TRIA Orthopaedic Center, Bloomington, MN, USA
| | - Megan Reams
- TRIA Orthopaedic Center, Bloomington, MN, USA
| | - Fernando Pena
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Jamkrajang P, Suwanmana S, Limroongreungrat W, Verheul J. Spatiotemporal and kinematic adjustments in master runners may be associated with the relative physiological effort during running. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1271502. [PMID: 37886221 PMCID: PMC10598343 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1271502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Master runners maintain a similar running economy to young runners, despite displaying biomechanical characteristics that are associated with a worse running economy. This apparent paradox may be explained by a greater physiological effort-i.e., percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2-max)-that master runners perform at a given speed. Moreover, age-related responses to non-exhaustive sustained running are yet underexplored. The aims of this study were, therefore, to examine if biomechanical adjustments in master runners are physiological-effort dependent, and to explore the age-related biomechanical changes during a non-exhaustive sustained run. Young (23.9 ± 6; n = 12) and master (47.3 ± 6.9; n = 12) runners performed a sustained 30-minute treadmill run matched for relative physiological effort (70% VO2-max), while spatiotemporal and lower-limb kinematic characteristics were collected during the 1st and 30th minute. Group differences were observed in step/stride length, knee touch-down angle, and knee stiffness. However, both groups of runners had a similar step frequency, vertical center of mass oscillation, and knee range of motion. Age-related adjustment in these latter characteristics may thus not be an inevitable result of the aging process but rather a strategy to maintain running economy. The relative physiological effort of runners should, therefore, be considered when examining age-related adjustments in running biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunchaya Jamkrajang
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sarit Suwanmana
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Jasper Verheul
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Thuany M, Viljoen C, Gomes TN, Knechtle B, Scheer V. Mental Health in Ultra-Endurance Runners: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2023; 53:1891-1904. [PMID: 37535248 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01890-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among ultra-endurance runners (UER), the mental, behavioral, and physical demands of training/competition can result in maladaptive outcomes. Mental health issues are common in athletes and can impact psychology, physical health, and performance. OBJECTIVE To synthesize information regarding the incidence/prevalence and factors associated with mental health issues among UER. METHODS Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Cochrane databases, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Medline Ovid using key terms related to UER (e.g., trail running, road running) and psychological issues (e.g., exercise addiction, depression). Inclusion criteria included original articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, using qualitative or quantitative approaches. We considered papers reporting incidence/prevalence and associated factors with mental health outcomes in UER of both sexes, all ages, and levels of competition (e.g., elite, nonprofessional runners). The Joanna Briggs Institute Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies critical appraisal tool was used for quality assessment. RESULTS A total of 282 studies were identified, and 11 studies were included in the final selection. A total of 3670 UER were included in the studies. The prevalence of mental health issues among UER ranged between 32.0% and 62.5% for eating disorders, from 11.5% to 18.2% for exercise addiction, 18.6% for depressive symptoms, and 24.5% for sleep disturbance. Exercise addiction was not related to weekly volume, but a strong relationship with exercise in an unstructured space, age, and body mass index was shown. CONCLUSION Mental health issues among UER are common, especially eating disorders, exercise addiction, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms. Further high-quality studies are needed to examine underlying factors and find preventative strategies to protect UER. REGISTRATION The protocol of this systematic review was registered at the PROSPERO-CRD42022338743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabliny Thuany
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carel Viljoen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Scheer
- Ultra Sports Science Foundation, Pierre-Bénite, France
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O’Riordan C, Savage E, Newell M, Flaherty G, Hartigan MSc I. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Profile of Experienced Male Amateur Marathon Runners: A Systematic Review. Sports Health 2023; 15:661-672. [PMID: 37249222 PMCID: PMC10467474 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231176534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Male amateur marathon runners represent a unique subset of the population who may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their underlying risk factors and their involvement in vigorous exercise such as marathon running. OBJECTIVE To assess the modifiable risk factors (MRFs) of CVD in experienced male amateur marathon runners and health interventions on CVD risk factors. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and SPORTDiscus. STUDY SELECTION Studies selected according to the inclusion criteria. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION The publication dates included were from June 1, 2008 to February 29, 2020.Published primary epidemiological, observational, randomized controlled trial (RCT) and/or non-RCT studies assessing the MRFs of CVD and health interventions on CVD risk factors in male amateur marathon runners aged ≥18 years and written in the English language were included in the review. RESULTS Five studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. These included male amateur marathon runners (n = 862), aged 42 to 77 years. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and alcohol use were MRFs positively associated with an increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis found in a subset of male marathon runners. No studies examined health interventions on CVD risk factors in any of the included studies. All 5 studies were of good quality from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tools used. The risk of bias was low to moderate. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of observational studies evaluating the CVD MRFs. Negative lifestyle behaviors exist within this population despite their engagement in physical exercise through marathon running. Marathon running does not negate the long-term effects caused by past negative lifestyle behaviors. This systematic review identifies that this population may not be aware of their possible risk of atherosclerosis and, consequently, CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O’Riordan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Croí Heart and Stroke Centre, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eileen Savage
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Micheál Newell
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Croí Heart and Stroke Centre, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerard Flaherty
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Ireland
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Croí Heart and Stroke Centre, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
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Çavuşoğlu Türker B, Ahbab S, Türker F, Hoca E, Çiftçi Öztürk E, Kula AC, Öztürk H, Urvasızoğlu AÖ, Bulut M, Yasun Ö, Ataoğlu HE. Systemic Immune-Inflammation and Systemic Inflammation Response Indices are Predictive Markers of Mortality in Inpatients Internal Medicine Services. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3163-3170. [PMID: 37525647 PMCID: PMC10387250 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s420332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Internal medicine services serve the patient population with many chronic diseases. Therefore, it is high mortality rates compared to other departments of the hospital. Estimating the prognostic risk of hospitalized patients may be useful in mortality for patients. İn this study, we evaluated the level of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII) and Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) and its association with mortality in inpatients. Patients and methods This study was performed in 2218 patients who were hospitalized between January 1st-December 31th of 2019. Patients were followed up for three years about primary endpoint as all-cause (except for unnatural deaths) mortality. Participants were divided into 4 equal groups according to their increasing levels of SII and SIRI. (Quartile 1-4) Age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, malignancies (solid), white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet, CRP, albumin, Systemic Inflammation Response Index (Quartile 1-4), Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (Quartile 1-4) were compared between survival and non-survival groups. Results There were 1153 female and 1065 male participants enrolled. Compared with surviving patients, patients who died were older and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, malignancy, chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease (p < 0.001). There was a lower proportion of female patients among the patients who died. Compared to the survivor group, group who died exhibited a significant increase in CRP level, neutrophil, white blood cell and monocyte counts, but had a lower lymphocyte count, albumin level and hemoglobin count (P < 0.001). Results of Cox regression analysis showed that age, chronic kidney disease, malignancy, SIRI quartile 3, 4 and SII quartile 3, 4 pointed out a close relationship with mortality risk. (P < 0.001). Conclusion The SIRI and SII have indicated the clinical importance of as novel markers for predicting mortality in inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Çavuşoğlu Türker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Health Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Ahbab
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Health Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Türker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Health Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Hoca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Health Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Çiftçi Öztürk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Health Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Atay Can Kula
- Internal Medicine Department, Ivrindi State Hospital, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Öztürk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Öznur Urvasızoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Health Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Gaziosmanpaşa Taksim Health Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Yasun
- Internal Medicine Department, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Esra Ataoğlu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Haseki Health Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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11
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Arena R, Hall G, Laddu DR, Phillips SA, Bhatt T, Faghy M, Lavie CJ. A tale of one pandemic outliving another: Are even lower physical activity patterns following the COVID-19 pandemic the new norm?-A commentary. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 79:53-55. [PMID: 36990337 PMCID: PMC10041871 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Grenita Hall
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Deepika R Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Tanvi Bhatt
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mark Faghy
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Biomedical and Clinical Research Theme, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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12
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Aoi W, Inoue R, Mizushima K, Honda A, Björnholm M, Takagi T, Naito Y. Exercise-acclimated microbiota improves skeletal muscle metabolism via circulating bile acid deconjugation. iScience 2023; 26:106251. [PMID: 36915683 PMCID: PMC10005909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitual exercise alters the intestinal microbiota composition, which may mediate its systemic benefits. We examined whether transplanting fecal microbiota from trained mice improved skeletal muscle metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Fecal samples from sedentary and exercise-trained mice were gavage-fed to germ-free mice. After receiving fecal samples from trained donor mice for 1 week, recipient mice had elevated levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin growth factor-1 in skeletal muscle. In plasma, bile acid (BA) deconjugation was found to be promoted in recipients transplanted with feces from trained donor mice; free-form BAs also induced more AMPK signaling and glucose uptake than tauro-conjugated BAs. The transplantation of exercise-acclimated fecal microbiota improved glucose tolerance after 8 weeks of HFD administration. Intestinal microbiota may mediate exercise-induced metabolic improvements in mice by modifying circulating BAs. Our findings provide insights into the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 6068522, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Osaka 5730101, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki 3000395, Japan
| | - Marie Björnholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan.,Department for Medical Innovation and Translational Medical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Human Immunology and Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6028566, Japan
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Powell DW, Fong HB, Nelson AK. Increasing breast support is associated with altered knee joint stiffness and contributing knee joint biomechanics during treadmill running. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1113952. [PMID: 37152112 PMCID: PMC10160436 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Greater breast support has been associated with improved running performance as measured by oxygen cost and running economy. Several candidate mechanisms have been proposed to underlie breast support-related improvements in running performance including increased knee joint stiffness. Greater knee joint stiffness has been associated with improved running performance (speed and metabolic cost), though the influence of breast support on knee joint stiffness has not been previously investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of increasing breast support on knee joint stiffness and its constituent components during treadmill running. Methods Thirteen recreational runners performed a 3-min running bout at their preferred running velocity in each of three breast support conditions: bare chested (CON), low support (LOW) and high support (HIGH) sports bras. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected simultaneously using a 10-camera motion capture system (240 Hz, Qualisys Inc.) and instrumented treadmill (1,200 Hz, Bertec Inc.). Visual3D (C-Motion Inc.) was used to calculate knee joint excursions, moments, powers and work while custom software (MATLAB) was used to calculate knee joint stiffness and breast displacements during the stance phase of running in each experimental condition. A series of 1 × 3 repeated measures analysis of covariance with post-hoc t-tests was used to evaluate the effect of breast support on knee joint biomechanics during treadmill running. Results Increasing levels of breast support were associated with greater knee joint stiffness (p = 0.002) as a result of smaller knee flexion excursions (p < 0.001). Increases in knee extension power (p = 0.010) were observed with increasing levels of breast support while no differences were observed in knee extension moments (p = 0.202) or work (p = 0.104). Conclusion Greater breast support is associated with increased knee joint stiffness resulting from smaller joint excursions. These findings may provide insight into the biomechanical mechanisms underlying previously reported improvements in running performance including reduced oxygen consumption and greater running economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Powell
- Breast Biomechanics Research Center, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Correspondence: Douglas W. Powell
| | - Hailey B. Fong
- Breast Biomechanics Research Center, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alexis K. Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Yang J, Ju FY, Tian ZG. Sports and Social Interaction: Sports Experiences and Attitudes of the Urban Running Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14412. [PMID: 36361285 PMCID: PMC9653815 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Social change and development influence the motivational factors of people's sports participation, exposing the need for socialization and interaction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction pattern of the urban running community and the behavior pattern of runners with the help of social interaction theory, and to explore the inner connection between their community movement and social interaction. Ten senior members of marathon urban running societies were selected to conduct two rounds of in-depth interviews which were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis to understand the sports participation experiences and social interactions of running society members. The study found that the whole interaction process of running groups is accomplished through three aspects: examination of self, adjustment with reference to others, and a sense of group belonging as the core consciousness. On the other hand, the social attributes of running groups can advance the personalization process of runners in society, which is mainly characterized by self-presentation and external constraints, self-requirement and group constraints, intergroup interaction and group identity reorganization. In addition, the unique community culture, standardized group organization and harmonious activity atmosphere will stimulate runners' interest in running, strengthen community communication and establish stable community relations, etc., which in turn will bring about continuous interactive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Ju
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225012, China
| | - Zu-Guo Tian
- College of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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15
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Tomovic M, Toliopoulos A, Koutlianos N, Dalkiranis A, Bubanj S, Deligiannis A, Kouidi E. Correlation between Cardiopulmonary Indices and Running Performance in a 14.5 km Endurance Running Event. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12289. [PMID: 36231590 PMCID: PMC9565015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running is a common recreational activity, and the number of long-distance-race participants is continuously growing. It is well-established that regular physical activity can prevent and manage non-communicable diseases and benefit public health. Training for a long-distance race requires development of specific aerobic abilities and should generate the desired race performance. The purpose of this study was to support the training design and motivation of recreational endurance runners, by investigating whether a 14.5 km race performance of long-distance runners correlates with their cardiopulmonary indices measured in the laboratory. METHODS To examine the relationships of a 14.5 km running performance with the cardiopulmonary parameters of amateur runners, a cross-sectional study design was applied. Fifteen (eleven men and four women) recreational long-distance runners (aged 41.3 ± 9.2 years) from Northern Greece were included in the study and were evaluated in the laboratory within one week before an endurance running race-the 14.5 km Philip Road race, in Greece. The laboratory-based examinations of the athletes consisted of a comprehensive medical pre-participation screening and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing. RESULTS The results showed that the 14.5 km race performance time (73.8 ± 9.7 min) significantly correlated with the cardiopulmonary-exercise-testing speed-related indices at specific submaximal and maximal workloads (p < 0.01, p < 0.05), while the cardiopulmonary indices of oxygen uptake did not reliably predict race running time (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is a better correlation of the 14.5 km running performance of recreational long-distance runners with the cardiopulmonary-exercise-testing speed-related indices at specific workloads than with the indices of oxygen uptake, running economy or respiratory economy. When preparing a training strategy, amateur long-distance runners should mostly rely on specific running-speed-related laboratory data rather than on oxygen-uptake values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tomovic
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Toliopoulos
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koutlianos
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Dalkiranis
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sasa Bubanj
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Asterios Deligiannis
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kouidi
- Sports Medicine Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University, Thermi PC, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Fong HB, Powell DW. Greater Breast Support Is Associated With Reduced Oxygen Consumption and Greater Running Economy During a Treadmill Running Task. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:902276. [PMID: 35774380 PMCID: PMC9237383 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.902276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast pain is a major barrier to running for women. While breast support through the use of sports bras reduces breast-related discomfort, the effect of breast support on running performance is less understood. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of greater breast support on oxygen consumption and running economy during a treadmill running task. Methods Fifteen female recreational runners performed a 10-min treadmill running task at their preferred running speed in each of two sports bra conditions: low support and high support. Participants ran on an instrumented treadmill (1,200 Hz, Bertec) while indirect calorimetry was performed using a metabolic measurement system (100 Hz, TrueOne, ParvoMedics). Average VO2 (absolute and relative) from the third to 10th minutes was used to evaluate oxygen consumption. Running economy was calculated as the distance traveled per liter of oxygen consumed. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare mean oxygen consumption and running economy values between breast support conditions. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between breast size and change in running performance. Results Greater breast support was associated with reductions in absolute (p < 0.001) and relative oxygen consumption (p < 0.001; LOW: 30.9 ± 7.1 ml/kg/min; HIGH: 28.7 ± 6.7 ml/kg/min). Greater breast support was associated with increases in running economy (p < 0.001; LOW: 88.6 ± 29.1 m/L O2; HIGH: 95.2 ± 31.1 m/L O2). No changes in temporospatial characteristics of running were observed including cadence (p = 0.149), step length (p = 0.300) or ground contact time (p = 0.151). Strong positive linear correlations were observed between the change in running performance metrics and breast size (Oxygen Consumption: p < 0.001, r = 0.770; Relative Oxygen Consumption: p < 0.001, r = 0769; Running Economy: p < 0.001, r = 0.807). Conclusions Greater breast support was associated with reduced oxygen consumption and increased running economy. These findings demonstrate that greater breast support is not only associated with improved comfort but also improved running performance.
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17
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Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F, Neeland IJ. Body Composition and Pulmonary Diseases. COPD 2022; 19:262-264. [PMID: 35604833 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2022.2070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ian J Neeland
- UH Center for Cardiovascular Prevention and Center for Integrated and Novel Approaches in Vascular-Metabolic Disease (CINEMA), Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute. University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Motivation and Eco-Attitudes among Night Runners during the COVID-19 Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Running surrounded by nature at night, often with limited contact with other people, is one of the safest physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to determine what motivates night recreational runners and to analyse the differences between men and women according to age, and also to see whether the fact of having had COVID-19 or not matters when it comes to athletes’ motivation behind participating in runs. Runners were also asked about participating in cities or out-of-town events in terms of verifying the cleanliness of the air before running, using masks or running in green areas. 233 individuals in total participated in this descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study. The questionnaire uses the division of motives used in the Marathon Motivation Scale (MOMS) and a number of additional questions on environmental factors. Overall, the main motivation that drives night-time runners is health orientation, weight concern, personal goal achievement, psychological coping, life meaning and self-esteem. The research also showed higher scores for health orientation, recognition, psychological coping, life meaning and self-esteem among runners who had had COVID-19 than runners who had not had the virus. In addition, respondents clearly indicated that night running makes it easier to fall asleep and improves the quality of sleep. Most runners rated their mental health as being good, did not run in the morning despite better air levels, did not choose running events outside the urban area and did not check the air quality index before running. Therefore, it will be important for coaches, event organisers and other professionals to consider athletes’ age, gender, whether they have had COVID-19 and runners’ approaches to eco-attitudes when trying to understand their reasons for participating in different sports or leisure events, especially those that focus on a priority in shaping environmental attitudes.
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19
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Chan ZYS, Peeters R, Cheing G, Ferber R, Cheung RTH. Evaluation of COVID-19 Restrictions on Distance Runners' Training Habits Using Wearable Trackers. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 3:812214. [PMID: 35098124 PMCID: PMC8790471 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.812214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruption to many individuals' lifestyles. Social distancing restrictions implemented during this global pandemic may bring potential impact on physical activity habits of the general population. However, running is one of the most popular forms of physical activity worldwide and one in which it could be maintained even during most COVID-19 restrictions. We aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on runners' training habits through analyzing the training records obtained from their GPS enabled wearable trackers. Retrospective and prospective data were collected from an online database (https://wetrac.ucalgary.ca). Runners' training habits, including frequency, intensity and duration of training, weekly mileage and running locations were analyzed and compared 9 months before and after the start of COVID-19 restrictions in March 2020. We found that runners ran 3 km per week more (p = 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.12) after the start of COVID-19 restrictions, and added 0.3 training sessions per week (p = 0.03, Cohen's d = 0.14). Moreover, runners ran an additional 0.4 sessions outdoors (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = 0.21) but there was no significant change in the intensity or duration of training sessions. Our findings suggested that runners adopted slightly different training regimen as a result of COVID-19 restrictions. Our results described the collective changes, irrespective of differences in response measures adopted by various countries or cities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Y. S. Chan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rhys Peeters
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Gladys Cheing
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Reed Ferber
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roy T. H. Cheung
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Roy T. H. Cheung
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Bergwall S, Acosta S, Ramne S, Mutie P, Sonestedt E. Leisure-time physical activities and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in the Malmö diet and Cancer study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1948. [PMID: 34702239 PMCID: PMC8549319 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between leisure-time physical activity and cardiovascular mortality has been previously studied, but few studies have focused on specific activities and intensities. Methods The association between different leisure-time physical activities and cardiovascular mortality was investigated among 25,876 individuals without diabetes or cardiovascular disease from the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort. The individuals estimated the average duration spent on 17 physical activities at baseline in 1991–1996 and after 5 years. Cardiovascular mortality was obtained from a register during a mean of 20 years of follow-up. Results A total leisure-time physical activity of 15–25 metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours/week was associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 15–25 vs < 7.5 MET-h/week =0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.93), with no further risk reduction at higher levels. Several high-intensity activities (i.e., lawn tennis and running) and moderate-intensity activities (i.e., golf, cycling and gardening) were associated with a reduced risk. Individuals who engaged in high-intensity physical activity for an average of 2.29 MET h/week (30 min/week) had an 18% (95% CI 0.72–0.93) reduced risk of cardiovascular mortality compared with non-participants, and no further risk reductions were observed at higher levels. Decreased risk was observed among individuals who had started (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32–0.97) or continued (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.36–0.66) high-intensity activities at the five-year follow-up. Conclusions Moderate- and high-intensity leisure-time physical activities reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality. With regard to total leisure-time physical activity, the largest risk reduction was observed for 15–25 MET-h/week (equivalent to walking for approximately 5 h/week).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bergwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Acosta
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Vascular Centre, Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stina Ramne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pascal Mutie
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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21
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Mattock JPM, Steele JR, Mickle KJ. Are Leg Muscle, Tendon and Functional Characteristics Associated with Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome? A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:71. [PMID: 34626247 PMCID: PMC8502183 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common overuse injury that lacks effective evidence-based treatment options. Reduced leg girth has been associated with MTSS development because it is hypothesised to impair the ability of the leg to modulate tibial loading generated during foot–ground contact. Measuring total leg girth, however, does not provide specific information about the structural composition or functional capacity of individual leg muscles. Consequently, uncertainty remains as to which specific muscles are compromised and contribute to MTSS development. Therefore, this paper aimed to systematically review the body of literature pertaining to how the structure and function of the leg muscles are thought to be associated with MTSS injury. Methods The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Medline, PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus with Full-texts and Web of Science were searched until March 2021 to identify articles in which lower limb muscle structural or functional variables associated with MTSS injury were investigated. Results Seventeen studies, which were predominately case–control in design and captured data from 332 individuals with MTSS symptoms and 694 control participants, were deemed appropriate for review. The average Downs and Black Quality Assessment score was 71.7 ± 16.4%, with these articles focussing on leg girth, tendon abnormalities, muscle strength and endurance, shear modulus and neuromuscular control. Of the risk factors assessed in the 17 studies, decreased lean leg girth and higher peak soleus muscle activity during propulsion were most strongly correlated with MTSS development. Individuals with MTSS also displayed deficits in ankle plantar flexor endurance, greater isokinetic concentric eversion strength, increased muscle shear modulus and altered neuromuscular recruitment strategies compared to asymptomatic controls. Conclusions Future prospective studies are required to confirm whether decreased lean leg girth and higher peak soleus muscle activity during propulsion are associated with MTSS development and to elucidate whether these structural and functional differences in the leg muscles between MTSS symptomatic and asymptomatic controls are a cause or effect of MTSS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-021-00362-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P M Mattock
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Julie R Steele
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Karen J Mickle
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Bennett HJ, Jones T, Valenzuela KA, Haegele JA. Coordination variability during running in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 26:1201-1215. [PMID: 34519564 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211044395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Walking and running are popular forms of physical activity that involve the whole body (pelvis/legs and arms/torso) and are coordinated by the neuromuscular system, generally without much conscious effort. However, autistic persons tend not to engage in sufficient amounts of these activities to enjoy their health benefits. Recent reports indicate that autistic individuals tend to experience altered coordination patterns and increased variability during walking tasks when compared to non-autistic controls. Greater stride-to-stride coordination variability, when the task has not changed (i.e. walking at same speed and on same surface), is likely indicative of motor control issues and is more metabolically wasteful. To date, although, research examining running is unavailable in any form for this population. This study aimed to determine if coordination variability during running differs between autistic adolescents and age, sex, and body mass index matched non-autistic controls. This study found that increased variability exists throughout the many different areas of the body (foot-leg, left/right thighs, and opposite arm-opposite thigh) for autistic adolescents compared to controls. Along with previous research, these findings indicate autistic persons exhibit motor control issues across both forms of locomotion (walking and running) and at multiple speeds. These findings highlight issues with motor control that can be addressed by therapeutic/rehabilitative programming. Reducing coordination variability, inherently lessening metabolic inefficiency, may be an important step toward encouraging autistic youth to engage in sufficient physical activity (i.e. running) to enjoy physiological and psychological benefits.
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23
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Martins de Oliveira G, Araujo Kretli Mota G, Sain Vallio C, Dias Lopes A, Hespanhol L. What are the facilitators and barriers to develop a running-related injury prevention program? A qualitative study. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:2798-2805. [PMID: 34474654 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1967538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Knowing the facilitators and barriers of the development process of prevention programs in advance may prevent setbacks to occur and may even enable strategies to explore the facilitators and to deal with and/or avoid possible barriers. OBJECTIVE : To investigate the facilitators and barriers of the development process of a running-related injury (RRI) prevention program. METHODS : This was a qualitative study conducted with semi-structured face-to-face interviews with participants from the development of the RunIn3 RRI prevention program. The analysis on facilitators and barriers was performed following a content analysis approach. All participants enrolled in the development of the RunIn3 program were invited to participate in this study (n = 10). The interviews were conducted and recorded until saturation. Qualitative data from interview transcripts were grouped into condensed meaning units, codes, categories and themes, and were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS : Nine participants were included in this study. Overall, 17 categories were identified: six facilitators (35.3%) and 11 barriers (64.7%). The facilitators were reported 55.1% of the time (frequency of emerging themes [FET] = 43/78) and the barriers were reported 44.9% of the time (FET = 35/78). The most frequent categories classified as facilitators were 'group meeting' (32.6%, FET = 14/43) and 'form of contact' (20.9%, FET = 9/43). The most frequent categories classified as barriers were 'absence of participants' (22.9%, FET = 8/35) and 'ramblings' (20.0%, FET = 7/35). CONCLUSION : The facilitators were more frequently reported than the barriers related to the development of the RRI prevention program, based on FET. These results may help in future endeavors toward the development of sports injury prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovana Araujo Kretli Mota
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Sain Vallio
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Dias Lopes
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Public and Occupational Health (DPOH), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Davis S, Fox A, Bonacci J, Davis F. Mechanics, energetics and implementation of grounded running technique: a narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 6:e000963. [PMID: 34422290 PMCID: PMC8323463 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grounded running predominantly differs from traditional aerial running by having alternating single and double stance with no flight phase. Approximately, 16% of runners in an open marathon and 33% of recreational runners in a 5 km running event adopted a grounded running technique. Grounded running typically occurs at a speed range of 2–3 m·s−1, is characterised by a larger duty factor, reduced vertical leg stiffness, lower vertical oscillation of the centre of mass (COM) and greater impact attenuation than aerial running. Grounded running typically induces an acute increase in metabolic cost, likely due to the larger duty factor. The increased duty factor may translate to a more stable locomotion. The reduced vertical oscillation of COM, attenuated impact shock, and potential for improved postural stability may make grounded running a preferred form of physical exercise in people new to running or with low loading capacities (eg, novice overweight/obese, elderly runners, rehabilitating athletes). Grounded running as a less impactful, but metabolically more challenging form, could benefit these runners to optimise their cardio-metabolic health, while at the same time minimise running-related injury risk. This review discusses the mechanical demands and energetics of grounded running along with recommendations and suggestions to implement this technique in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Davis
- Biomedical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Aaron Fox
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Jason Bonacci
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Fiddy Davis
- Centre for Sports Science, Medicine and Research, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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25
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Bennett HJ, Haegele JA. Running Biomechanics of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1109880. [PMID: 34076239 DOI: 10.1115/1.4051346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Research examining gait biomechanics of persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has grown significantly in recent years and has demonstrated that persons with ASD walk at slower self-selected speeds and with shorter strides, wider step widths, and reduced lower extremity range of motion and moments compared to neurotypical controls. In contrast to walking, running has yet to be examined in persons with ASD. The purpose of this study was to examine lower extremity running biomechanics in adolescents (13-18-year-olds) with ASD and matched (age, sex, and body mass index (BMI)) neurotypical controls. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded while participants ran at two matched speeds: self-selected speed of adolescents with ASD and at 3.0 m/s. Sagittal and frontal plane lower extremity biomechanics and vertical GRF waveforms were compared using two-way analyses of variances (ANOVAs) via statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Adolescents with ASD ran with reduced stride length at self-selected speed (0.29 m) and reduced vertical displacement (2.1 cm), loading-propulsion GRFs (by 14.5%), propulsion plantarflexion moments (18.5%), loading-propulsion hip abduction moments (44.4%), and loading knee abduction moments (69.4%) at both speeds. Running at 3.0 m/s increased sagittal plane hip and knee moments surrounding initial contact (both 10.4%) and frontal plane knee angles during midstance (2.9 deg) and propulsion (2.8 deg) compared to self-selected speeds. Reduced contributions from primarily the ankle plantarflexion but also knee abduction and hip abduction moments likely reduced the vertical GRF and displacement. As differences favored reduced loading, youth with ASD can safely be encouraged to engage in running as a physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter J Bennett
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, 2016 Student Recreation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
| | - Justin A Haegele
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529
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26
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Nguyen MH, Pham TTM, Pham LV, Phan DT, Tran TV, Nguyen HC, Nguyen HC, Ha TH, Dao HK, Nguyen PB, Trinh MV, Do TV, Nguyen HQ, Nguyen TTP, Nguyen NPT, Tran CQ, Tran KV, Duong TT, Nguyen TT, Pham KM, Nguyen LV, Vo TT, Do BN, Dang NH, Le TT, Do NT, Nguyen HTT, Mai TTT, Ha DT, Ngo HTM, Nguyen KT, Bai CH, Duong TV. Associations of Underlying Health Conditions With Anxiety and Depression Among Outpatients: Modification Effects of Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms, Health-Related and Preventive Behaviors. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:634904. [PMID: 34335139 PMCID: PMC8284590 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.634904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We explored the association of underlying health conditions (UHC) with depression and anxiety, and examined the modification effects of suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S), health-related behaviors (HB), and preventive behaviors (PB). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 8,291 outpatients aged 18–85 years, in 18 hospitals and health centers across Vietnam from 14th February to May 31, 2020. We collected the data regarding participant's characteristics, UHC, HB, PB, depression, and anxiety. Results: People with UHC had higher odds of depression (OR = 2.11; p < 0.001) and anxiety (OR = 2.86; p < 0.001) than those without UHC. The odds of depression and anxiety were significantly higher for those with UHC and S-COVID-19-S (p < 0.001); and were significantly lower for those had UHC and interacted with “unchanged/more” physical activity (p < 0.001), or “unchanged/more” drinking (p < 0.001 for only anxiety), or “unchanged/healthier” eating (p < 0.001), and high PB score (p < 0.001), as compared to those without UHC and without S-COVID-19-S, “never/stopped/less” physical activity, drinking, “less healthy” eating, and low PB score, respectively. Conclusion: S-COVID-19-S worsen psychological health in patients with UHC. Physical activity, drinking, healthier eating, and high PB score were protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh H Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thu T M Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linh V Pham
- Department of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Diseases, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam.,Director Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Dung T Phan
- Faculty of Nursing, Hanoi University of Business and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Nursing Office, Thien an Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien V Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Director Office, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang C Nguyen
- Director Office, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.,President Office, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Huu C Nguyen
- Director Office, E Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, E Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tung H Ha
- Director Office, General Hospital of Agricultural, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung K Dao
- Director Office, Bac Ninh Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Bac Ninh, Vietnam
| | | | - Manh V Trinh
- Director Office, Quang Ninh General Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Thinh V Do
- Director Office, Bai Chay Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Hung Q Nguyen
- Director Office, Quang Ninh Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Thao T P Nguyen
- Health Management Training Institute, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam.,Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nhan P T Nguyen
- General Planning Department, Da Nang Oncology Hospital, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Q Tran
- Director Office, Thu Duc District Health Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Faculty of Health, Mekong University, Vinh Long, Vietnam
| | - Khanh V Tran
- Director Office, Hospital District 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang T Duong
- Nursing Office, Tan Phu District Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tan T Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam.,Director Office, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Khue M Pham
- Faculty of Public Health, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam.,President Office, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Lam V Nguyen
- Aesthetic Plastic Surgery & Skin Care Center, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam.,President Office, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tam T Vo
- Director Office, Trieu Phong District Health Center, Quang Tri, Vietnam
| | - Binh N Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Division of Military Science, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga H Dang
- Training and Direction of Healthcare Activity Center, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam.,Department of Quality Control, Thai Nguyen National Hospital, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Thuy T Le
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam.,President Office, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc T Do
- Nursing Office, E Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoai T T Nguyen
- Training and Direction of Healthcare Activity Center, Kien an Hospital, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Thuy T T Mai
- Nursing Office, Quang Ninh General Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Dung T Ha
- Nursing Office, Bai Chay Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Huong T M Ngo
- Nursing Office, Quang Ninh Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Kien T Nguyen
- Department of Health Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Behavior and Health Education, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chyi-Huey Bai
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuyen Van Duong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Schuurman N, Rosenkrantz L, Lear SA. Environmental Preferences and Concerns of Recreational Road Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126268. [PMID: 34200542 PMCID: PMC8296135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recreational road running is growing in popularity and has been linked to numerous mental and physical health benefits. However, we know little about what environmental preferences or concerns runners have regarding participation in the sport, and whether differences exist across age and gender. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on recreational road runners to investigate the type of built and natural environments road runners prefer, as well as the safety and health concerns that may affect runners’ choice of environment. Responses were analyzed by age and gender. A total of 1228 road runners responded to the survey; 59.6% of respondents were women and 32.1% of respondents were men. Most respondents preferred to run on asphalt or sidewalk surfaces, and preferred well-lit, tree-lined routes. Major concerns for both men and women include animals and dangerous road conditions. Men and women differed significantly in their responses to the importance of running around others and their primary concerns while running. Results of this study serve to deepen our understanding of recreational road runners’ environmental preferences and concerns, providing valuable information for public health officials and city planners alike. This information must be considered if we are to continue to encourage uptake of running as a sport and reap its health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schuurman
- Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Leah Rosenkrantz
- Faculty of Environment, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Scott A. Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
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28
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Pereira HV, Palmeira AL, Encantado J, Marques MM, Santos I, Carraa EV, Teixeira PJ. Systematic Review of Psychological and Behavioral Correlates of Recreational Running. Front Psychol 2021; 12:624783. [PMID: 34025501 PMCID: PMC8139406 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.624783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this review was to systematically synthesize the published literature describing the psychological and behavioral correlates of recreational running in adults, defined as running for leisure, with or without a competitive component. Methods: Quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals until January 2021 were included. Studies were identified through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science and were included in this review if they (1) were aimed at recreational running, (2) included general adult samples (18 years or older, without a diagnosed medical condition or metabolic disorder), and (3) assessed psychological or behavioral correlates of recreational running. Results: Fifty-six articles reporting 58 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. There were 27 cross-sectional studies, 12 longitudinal studies, and 19 trials (8 non-controlled trials, 5 controlled trials, and 6 randomized controlled trials) (n = 37,501, 1877 years old, 43% women). Twenty-eight studies assessed antecedents of running behavior, and 25 studies used running behavior as treatment or predictor of a given effect or outcome. Four studies examined both predictors and outcomes of running. Thirty-one studies showed poor quality, while 20 had fair and 7 good quality. Motives were the most frequently studied antecedent of running behavior (k = 19), and results suggest that the highest-ranked or more prevalent motives were physical health, psychological motives, and personal achievement. Additionally, perceived control, attitude toward running, intention and subjective norms, self-efficacy, and social support may have also played a role in the adoption of recreational running. Moreover, improvements in mood (k = 10) and well-being (k = 10) were the most frequently reported positive outcomes of running. Reductions in depression, anxiety, and stress were also reported in included studies. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on this topic. The identification of behavioral and psychological correlates of recreational running across populations can contribute to inform and guide a public policy agenda, focused on helping people sustain regular physical activity, through a modality they have chosen and appear to enjoy. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=68954, identifier: CRD42017068954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vieira Pereira
- Centro Interdisciplinar Para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Investigao em Desporto, Educao Fsica, Exerccio e Sade (CIDEFES), Faculdade de Educao Fsica e Desporto, Universidade Lusfona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antnio Labisa Palmeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar Para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Investigao em Desporto, Educao Fsica, Exerccio e Sade (CIDEFES), Faculdade de Educao Fsica e Desporto, Universidade Lusfona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Centro Interdisciplinar Para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities and Inclusion (APPsyCI), ISPA - Instituto Universitrio, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Moreira Marques
- ADAPT SFI Research Centre and Trinity Centre for Practice & Health Care Innovation, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ins Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar Para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratrio de Nutrio, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eliana Veiga Carraa
- Centro Interdisciplinar Para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro J Teixeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar Para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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29
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Does exercise have healing and preventive roles in COVID-19 pandemic? JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.790379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous epidemiological studies, there are pros and cons for the relationship between running regularly and changes in resting blood pressure (RBP), and the changes may depend on the form of exercise. OBJECTIVE The aims of the current systematic review were to summarize the effects of running regularly on RBP and to investigate the most efficacious form of running in reducing RBP for this purpose. METHODS The inclusion criteria were: randomized controlled trials, involving healthy adults or adults with hypertension, the exercise group only performed regular running and the control group did not exercise, and the study reported the mean resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (RDBP). The mean difference (MD) in RBP in each trial was defined as follows: (mean value at post-intervention in the exercise group - mean value at baseline in the exercise group) - (mean value at post-intervention in the control group - mean value at baseline in the control group) and was calculated. The weighted MD (WMD) was defined as the synthesis of all MD. A linear meta-regression analysis, exercise intensity [the percentage of maximum heart rate] (%) and total exercise time throughout the intervention (hours) were selected as explanatory variables and the MD in RBP served as the objective variable. RESULTS Twenty-two trials (736 subjects) were analyzed. When trials were limited to those involving healthy subjects, the WMD in RBP decreased significantly [RSBP: - 4.2 mmHg (95% confidence intervals (95% CI) - 5.9 to - 2.4); RDBP: - 2.7 mmHg (95% CI - 4.2 to - 1.1)] and did not contain significant heterogeneity (RSBP: P = 0.67, I2 = 0.0%; DBP: P = 0.38, I2 = 7.2%). When trials were limited to those involving subjects with hypertension, the WMD in RBP decreased significantly [RSBP: - 5.6 mmHg (95% CI - 9.1 to - 2.1); RDBP: - 5.2 mmHg (95% CI - 9.0 to - 1.4)] but contained significant heterogeneity (RSBP: P = 0.01, I2 = 62.2%; DBP: P < 0.01, I2 = 87.7) and a meta-regression analysis showed that the percentage of maximum heart rate was significantly associated with the WMD in RSBP [slope: 0.56 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.92), intercept: - 48.76 (95% CI - 76.30 to - 21.22), R2 = 0.88] and RDBP [slope: 0.45 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.87), intercept: - 38.06 (95% CI - 72.30 to - 4.08), R2 = 0.41]. When trials were limited to those involving subjects with hypertension and a mean age ≥ 40 years, a meta-regression analysis showed that total exercise time throughout the intervention was significantly associated with the WMD in RDBP [slope: 0.82 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.09), intercept: - 22.90 (95% CI - 29.04 to - 16.77), R2 = 0.99]. CONCLUSIONS Running regularly decreases RBP, but the changes in subjects with hypertension may differ depending on exercise intensity or total exercise time. Therefore, running regularly at moderate intensity and at a restrained volume is recommended to lower RBP in subjects with hypertension.
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V. Pereira H, Teixeira PJ, Marques MM, Carraça EV, Silva MN, Encantado J, Santos I, Palmeira AL. Keep on running - a randomized controlled trial to test a digital evidence-based intervention for sustained adoption of recreational running: rationale, design and pilot feasibility study. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:149-164. [PMID: 34104554 PMCID: PMC8158207 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1885410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the rationale, intervention development, study design and results from the pilot feasibility study of the Keep On Running (KOR) trial. KOR aims to test a web-based brief theory-based intervention, targeting maintenance of recreational running behavior over time (i.e. relapse preventing). METHODS Intervention development was based both on Self-Determination Theory and on Self-Regulation Theory. As part of it, a pilot study was implemented (n=18) to measure intervention adherence and participant satisfaction in order to establish the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention toolkit. Furthermore, this pilot study was also used to test the feasibility and acceptability of the questionnaires selected to be part of the later RCT. RESULTS Pilot intervention acceptability was good, but overall adherence was low. Features such as feedback and social sharing should be added to the toolkit. The main trial should lessen questionnaire length and include data from usual monitoring gadgets and apps (APIs). The protocol of the RCT was adjusted to test the efficacy of the refined final version of the intervention, and the RCT that will test it, contributing to the understanding of recreational running sustainability, allowing the optimization of future interventions aimed at physical activity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo V. Pereira
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. Teixeira
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Marta M. Marques
- ADAPT SFI Research Centre and Trinity Centre for Practice & Health Care Innovation, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eliana V. Carraça
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marlene N. Silva
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Encantado
- Centro Interdisciplinar para o Estudo da Performance Humana (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
- ISPA Instituto Universitário, APPsyCI – Applied Psychology Research Center Capabilities & Inclusion, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António L. Palmeira
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
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DeJong AF, Fish PN, Hertel J. Running behaviors, motivations, and injury risk during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of 1147 runners. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246300. [PMID: 33577584 PMCID: PMC7880469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced activity behaviors worldwide. Given the accessibility of running as exercise, gaining information on running behaviors, motivations, and running-related injury (RRI) risk during the pandemic is warranted. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on running volume, behaviors, motives, and RRI changes from the year prior to the pandemic to the timeframe during social isolation restrictions. Runners of all abilities were recruited via social media to complete a custom Qualtrics survey. Demographics, running volume, behaviors, motivations, and injury status were assessed for the year prior to the pandemic, and during social isolation measures. Descriptive statistics and Student’s t-tests were used to assess changes in running outcomes during the pandemic. Logistic regressions were used to assess the influence of demographics on running behaviors and injury. Adjusted RRI risk ratios were calculated to determine the odds of sustaining an injury during the pandemic. Alpha was set to.05 for all analyses. A total of 1147 runners (66% females, median age: 35 years) across 15 countries (96% United States) completed the survey. Runners reported increased runs per week (Mean Difference with Standard Error [MD]: 0.30 [0.05], p < .001), sustained runs (MD: 0.44 [0.05], p < .001), mileage (MD: 0.87 [0.33], p = .01), and running times of day (MD: 0.11 [0.03], p < .001) during the pandemic, yet reported less workouts (i.e. sprint intervals; MD: -0.33 [0.06], p < .001), and less motives (MD [SE]: -0.41 [0.04], p < .001). Behavior changes were influenced by running experience and age. There was 1.40 (CI: 1.18,1.61) times the RRI risk during the pandemic compared to prior to the social isolation period. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced runners’ behaviors with increased training volume, decreased intensity and motivation, and heightened injury risk. These results provide insights into how physical activity patterns were influenced by large-scale social isolation directives associated with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F. DeJong
- University of Virginia Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Pamela N. Fish
- University of Virginia Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jay Hertel
- University of Virginia Exercise and Sport Injury Laboratory, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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33
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da Silveira MP, da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR, Starck É, Rossi RC, de Resende E Silva DT. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med 2021. [PMID: 32728975 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3/figures/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute viral respiratory infections are the main infectious disease in the world. In 2020, a new disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), became a global pandemic. The immune response to the virus depends on factors such as genetics, age and physical state, and its main input receptor is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The practice of physical exercises acts as a modulator of the immune system. During and after physical exercise, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are released, lymphocyte circulation increases, as well as cell recruitment. Such practice has an effect on the lower incidence, intensity of symptoms and mortality in viral infections observed in people who practice physical activity regularly, and its correct execution must be considered to avoid damage. The initial response is given mainly by type I interferons (IFN-I), which drive the action macrophages and lymphocytes, followed by lymphocyte action. A suppression of the IFN-I response has been noted in COVID-19. Severe conditions have been associated with storms of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphopenia, as well as circulatory changes and virus dispersion to other organs. The practice of physical activities strengthens the immune system, suggesting a benefit in the response to viral communicable diseases. Thus, regular practice of adequate intensity is suggested as an auxiliary tool in strengthening and preparing the immune system for COVID-19. Further studies are needed to associate physical exercise with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus Ribeiro Bizuti
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, SC 484 - KM 02, 89802-000, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Édina Starck
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, SC 484 - KM 02, 89802-000, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Running prevalence in Portugal: Socio-demographic, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245242. [PMID: 33481801 PMCID: PMC7822295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to cross-sectionally estimate the prevalence of recreational running in Portugal and describe characteristics of adult recreational runners. A random representative sample of 1068 Portuguese adults was selected. Socio-demographic information, physical activity habits and running behavior were assessed. Recreational runners’ training habits, motivations, barriers, vitality and flow were also assessed. The prevalence of recreational running in Portugal was 10.6%. It was higher in men (14.6% vs. 6.6%, p = .024) and in younger runners (13.6% vs. 7.7%, p = .026). Participants ran on average 3 times, 20 kilometers and 3 hours per week. General health orientation (88%), self-esteem (63%), and life meaning (57%) were the most predominant motives for running, while time was the most prevalent barrier (43%). This first Portuguese running prevalence representative study, indicates that almost 11% of adults ran regularly, and describes correlates of running, which can inform future running promotion interventions.
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Barros PM, Vallio CS, Oliveira GMD, Miyamoto GC, Hespanhol L. Cost-effectiveness and implementation process of a running-related injury prevention program (RunIn3): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 21:100726. [PMID: 33553800 PMCID: PMC7859311 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Running is one of the most popular and accessible physical activities in the world. However, running-related injuries are unfortunately very common. Scientific evidence is limited and scarce regarding (cost-)effectiveness and implementation process of interventions for running-related injuries prevention. Thus, the objective of this study will be to investigate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation process of a running-related injury prevention program (RunIn3). Methods This is the protocol of a pragmatic hybrid type 1 randomized controlled trial. There will be 530 runners over 18 years old, without running-related injuries in the last 3 months from São Paulo, Brazil. This program will be delivered online with two broad actions: (1) to provide feedback on individual training characteristics and running-related injury risk; and (2) providing/enhancing knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on running-related injury preventive behaviors. The primary outcome will be the proportion of runners reporting running-related injuries. The secondary outcomes will be preventive behaviors, direct and indirect costs, and implementation outcomes. The main effectiveness analysis on the primary outcome will be performed using linear probability mixed models in order to allow outcome changes over time and to yield the absolute risk reduction between-groups. Discussion The main hypothesis of this study is that the RunIn3 program will be effective in reducing the running-related injury risk and in promoting preventive behavior, either by increasing the frequency of healthy behaviors or by reducing the frequency of risk behaviors. Moreover, if the RunIn3 program is effective in reducing the running-related injuries risk, we believe that this effect would go alongside with a reduction of societal costs. Trail registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03892239) Registered 5 February 2019 - Prospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03892239.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Marinelli Barros
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Sain Vallio
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gisela C. Miyamoto
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Public and Occupational Health (DPOH), Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute (APH), Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Universities Medical Centers, location VU University Medical Center Amsterdam (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil. Rua Cesário Galeno, 448 - Tatuapé, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03071-000, Brazil.
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Lavie CJ, Sanchis-Gomar F, Arena R. Fit Is It in COVID-19, Future Pandemics, and Overall Healthy Living. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:7-9. [PMID: 33413836 PMCID: PMC7685131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL.
| | - Fabian Sanchis-Gomar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ross Arena
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL
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O’Keefe EL, Lavie CJ. A Hunter-Gatherer Exercise Prescription to Optimize Health and Well-Being in the Modern World. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE IN SPORT AND EXERCISE 2020; 3:147-157. [PMID: 38624470 PMCID: PMC7590991 DOI: 10.1007/s42978-020-00091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable innovation and advancement in the field of exercise and physical activity (PA). In regards to the battle against chronic non-communicable disease, however, we believe the model of PA that would prove most salutary is one closely mimicking that of our hunter-gatherer ancestors. For the purpose of longevity, the human body and our genetic makeup have been evolutionarily adapted to respond best to moderate amounts of high-intensity interval training, in conjunction with high amounts of low intensity exercise. Moreover, to optimize resiliency and cardiorespiratory fitness, a hunter-gatherer fitness regimen must include cross training targeted at flexibility, balance and strength. Though not commonly understood, the health benefits from exercise comprise a reverse J-curve. The endurance athletes residing on the furthest reaches of the PA spectrum appear to lose a substantial portion of the exercise-related longevity and cardiovascular benefits due to cardiac overuse injury. Conversely, there is an emerging body of evidence suggesting leisure time exercise done with peers in a natural environment is significantly superior to that training done in solitude. This idea of the "power of play" lends support to the ancestral model of PA whereby humans are evolutionary adapted to be highly social, outdoor creatures capable of a diverse range of PA at varying intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L. O’Keefe
- Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121-2483 USA
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38
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Arena R. Moving more and sitting less - Now more than ever, an important message for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease and pandemics. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020:S0033-0620(20)30175-4. [PMID: 33098845 PMCID: PMC7577219 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
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39
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Keep Them in the Game: Screening for Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes in Aging Athletes. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/cpt.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Arena R, Lavie CJ. Moving more and sitting less - Now more than ever-an important message for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease and pandemics. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:1-2. [PMID: 33065144 PMCID: PMC7554455 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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41
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da Silveira MP, da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR, Starck É, Rossi RC, de Resende E Silva DT. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med 2020; 21:15-28. [PMID: 32728975 PMCID: PMC7387807 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute viral respiratory infections are the main infectious disease in the world. In 2020, a new disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), became a global pandemic. The immune response to the virus depends on factors such as genetics, age and physical state, and its main input receptor is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The practice of physical exercises acts as a modulator of the immune system. During and after physical exercise, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are released, lymphocyte circulation increases, as well as cell recruitment. Such practice has an effect on the lower incidence, intensity of symptoms and mortality in viral infections observed in people who practice physical activity regularly, and its correct execution must be considered to avoid damage. The initial response is given mainly by type I interferons (IFN-I), which drive the action macrophages and lymphocytes, followed by lymphocyte action. A suppression of the IFN-I response has been noted in COVID-19. Severe conditions have been associated with storms of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lymphopenia, as well as circulatory changes and virus dispersion to other organs. The practice of physical activities strengthens the immune system, suggesting a benefit in the response to viral communicable diseases. Thus, regular practice of adequate intensity is suggested as an auxiliary tool in strengthening and preparing the immune system for COVID-19. Further studies are needed to associate physical exercise with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matheus Ribeiro Bizuti
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, SC 484 - KM 02, 89802-000, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Édina Starck
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus Chapecó, SC 484 - KM 02, 89802-000, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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"My Eyes Have Nothing to Do With How My Legs Move": Individuals With Visual Impairments' Experiences With Learning to Run. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2020; 37:253-269. [PMID: 32541084 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2019-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the reflections of adults with visual impairments about learning to run during K-12 physical education. An interpretative phenomenological analysis research approach was used, and eight adults (age 22-35 years) with visual impairments served as participants. Primary data sources were semistructured, audiotaped telephone interviews and reflective interview notes. Based on a thematic data analysis process, two themes were developed: (a) "I wouldn't expect anything better from you": running instruction in physical education and (b) "You look like the guy in the crosswalk signal": making up for the shortcomings of physical education. The narratives portraying these themes highlight the lack of instruction that took place in physical education, and the fact that no running instruction occurred at all. These findings indicate that professionals working with individuals with visual impairments should use instructional strategies that will allow for maximum access to learning fundamental movement skills such as running.
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Lehigh GR, Wells EC, Diaz D. Evidence-Informed strategies for promoting equitability in brownfields redevelopment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110150. [PMID: 32148256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brownfields redevelopment creates opportunities for enhanced environmental conditions, improved physical and mental health, community cohesion, and economic prosperity. However, brownfields cleanup and recycling projects sometimes fail due to a lack of community engagement. Recent research suggests that such failures can stem from a lack of equitability in the planning process, especially when it comes to decision making. This paper examines issues of equitability in a recent brownfields redevelopment project in Tampa, Florida funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The project focused on an underserved and under-resourced community with long-term environmental burdens and health disparities. Our ethnographic research shows that, while the project engaged in multiple and intersecting efforts to include a diversity of community voices in the decision-making process, ultimately structural and organizational power imbalances in sustainability transitions influenced participation in redevelopment initiatives. This study suggests that attending to issues of power articulated through expressions of local and authoritative knowledge about environmental cleanup and redevelopment can lead to deeper levels of community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Diaz
- University Area Community Development Corporation, Tampa, Florida, USA
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44
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Laddu DR, Lavie CJ, Phillips SA, Arena R. Physical activity for immunity protection: Inoculating populations with healthy living medicine in preparation for the next pandemic. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:102-104. [PMID: 32278694 PMCID: PMC7195025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika R Laddu
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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45
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Lavie CJ, Stewart M, Ozemek C. Benefits of exercise training on blood pressure and beyond in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:244-246. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319874344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School – University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Merrill Stewart
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School – University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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46
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DeFina LF, Radford NB, Barlow CE, Willis BL, Leonard D, Haskell WL, Farrell SW, Pavlovic A, Abel K, Berry JD, Khera A, Levine BD. Association of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality With High Levels of Physical Activity and Concurrent Coronary Artery Calcification. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 4:174-181. [PMID: 30698608 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Few data are available to guide clinical recommendations for individuals with high levels of physical activity in the presence of clinically significant coronary artery calcification (CAC). Objective To assess the association among high levels of physical activity, prevalent CAC, and subsequent mortality risk. Design, Setting, and Participants The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study is a prospective observational study of patients from the Cooper Clinic, a preventive medicine facility. The present study included participants seen from January 13, 1998, through December 30, 2013, with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2014. A total of 21 758 generally healthy men without prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) were included if they reported their physical activity level and underwent CAC scanning. Data were analyzed from September 26, 2017, through May 2, 2018. Exposures Self-reported physical activity was categorized into at least 3000 (n = 1561), 1500 to 2999 (n = 3750), and less than 1500 (n = 16 447) metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week (min/wk). The CAC scores were categorized into at least 100 (n = 5314) and less than 100 (n = 16 444) Agatston units (AU). Main Outcomes and Measures All-cause and CVD mortality collected from the National Death Index Plus. Results Among the 21 758 male participants, baseline mean (SD) age was 51.7 (8.4) years. Men with at least 3000 MET-min/wk were more likely to have prevalent CAC of at least 100 AU (relative risk, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.20) compared with those accumulating less physical activity. In the group with physical activity of at least 3000 MET-min/wk and CAC of at least 100 AU, mean (SD) CAC level was 807 (1120) AU. After a mean (SD) follow-up of 10.4 (4.3) years, 759 all-cause and 180 CVD deaths occurred, including 40 all-cause and 10 CVD deaths among those with physical activity of at least 3000 MET-min/wk. Men with CAC of less than 100 AU and physical activity of at least 3000 MET-min/wk were about half as likely to die compared with men with less than 1500 MET-min/wk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29-0.91). In the group with CAC of at least 100 AU, men with at least 3000 MET-min/wk did not have a significant increase in all-cause mortality (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.52-1.15) when compared with men with physical activity of less than 1500 MET-min/wk. In the least active men, those with CAC of at least 100 AU were twice as likely to die of CVD compared with those with CAC of less than 100 AU (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.34-2.78). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests there is evidence that high levels of physical activity (≥3000 MET-min/wk) are associated with prevalent CAC but are not associated with increased all-cause or CVD mortality after a decade of follow-up, even in the presence of clinically significant CAC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina B Radford
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - David Leonard
- Research Division, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Katelyn Abel
- Research Division, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jarett D Berry
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Amit Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas
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Le Goff C, Kaux JF, Farre Segura J, Stojkovic V, Ancion A, Seidel L, Lancellotti P, Cavalier E. Evolution of the slopes of ST2 and galectin-3 during marathon and ultratrail running compared to a control group. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:314-321. [PMID: 31622239 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that exercising may induce cardiac damage. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) are very interesting biomarkers for heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. We aimed to compare the kinetics of emerging fibrosis cardiac biomarkers as Gal-3 and ST-2 in endurance runners, and recreational runners before and after a running event represented by a marathon and an ultratrail event. Methods Blood samples were taken from 19 healthy non-elite marathon runners (42 km), 27 ultratour runners (67 km), and 14 recreational runners who represented the control group (10 km) just before the run (T0), just after (T1) and 3 h after (T2), in order to analyze Gal-3, ST2, hsTnT, NT-proBNP, CKMB and hsCRP. We compared the percentage of evolution and the slopes obtained from T0 to T1 (pT0T1) and from T1 to T2 (pT1T2), between the different groups of runners participating in three different races. Results Plasma cardiac biomarker concentrations increased significantly from baseline to immediately post-exercise and most of the time decreased over the subsequent 3-h period. For pT0T1 and pT1T2, the markers Gal-3 and ST2 showed a significant difference between types of run (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, respectively). During the recovery time, Gal-3 returned to the baseline values but not ST2 which continued to increase. Conclusions Gal-3 and ST2 are considered as a reflection of cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. The evolution of both was different, particularly after the recovery time. ST2 values exceeding cutoff values at any time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Le Goff
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium, Phone: +32 4 366 88 21, Fax: +32 4 366 88 23
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Department of Physical Medicine and Sport Traumatology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jordi Farre Segura
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Violeta Stojkovic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Ancion
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Seidel
- Biostatistics Department, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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48
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Pedisic Z, Shrestha N, Grgic J, Kovalchik S, Stamatakis E, Liangruenrom N, Titze S, Biddle S, Bauman AE, Virgile A, Oja P. Infographic. Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is more better? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:817-818. [PMID: 31900248 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kovalchik
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sylvia Titze
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Pekka Oja
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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49
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Pedisic Z, Shrestha N, Kovalchik S, Stamatakis E, Liangruenrom N, Grgic J, Titze S, Biddle SJ, Bauman AE, Oja P. Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:898-905. [PMID: 31685526 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of running participation and the dose of running with the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Journal articles, conference papers and doctoral theses indexed in Academic Search Ultimate, CINAHL, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, MasterFILE Complete, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Prospective cohort studies on the association between running or jogging participation and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and/or cancer mortality in a non-clinical population of adults were included. RESULTS Fourteen studies from six prospective cohorts with a pooled sample of 232 149 participants were included. In total, 25 951 deaths were recorded during 5.5-35 year follow-ups. Our meta-analysis showed that running participation is associated with 27%, 30% and 23% lower risk of all-cause (pooled adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68 to 0.79), cardiovascular (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.98) and cancer (HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.87) mortality, respectively, compared with no running. A meta-regression analysis showed no significant dose-response trends for weekly frequency, weekly duration, pace and the total volume of running. CONCLUSION Increased rates of participation in running, regardless of its dose, would probably lead to substantial improvements in population health and longevity. Any amount of running, even just once a week, is better than no running, but higher doses of running may not necessarily be associated with greater mortality benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nipun Shrestha
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kovalchik
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sylvia Titze
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stuart Jh Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, Centre for Health, Informatics, and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pekka Oja
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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Wang Y, Lee DC, Brellenthin AG, Eijsvogels TMH, Sui X, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Leisure-Time Running Reduces the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Med 2019; 132:1225-1232. [PMID: 31103650 PMCID: PMC6832784 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the overall association as well as the dose-response relationship between leisure-time running and incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants were 19,347 adults aged 18-100 years who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline, and who received at least 2 extensive preventive medical examinations between 1974 and 2006. Running and other types of aerobic physical activity were assessed by self-reported leisure-time activities. Type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L), physician diagnosis, or insulin use. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 6.5 years, 1015 adults developed type 2 diabetes. Approximately 29.5% of adults participated in leisure-time running at baseline. Runners had a 28% (hazard ratio [HR] 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.84) lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with nonrunners during follow-up. The HRs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes were 0.98 (0.75-1.28), 0.69 (0.51-0.92), 0.62 (0.45-0.85), 0.78 (0.59-1.04), and 0.57 (0.42-0.79) across quintiles of running time (minutes/week) compared with nonrunners after adjusting for potential confounders, including levels of nonrunning aerobic physical activity. Similar dose-response relationships between running distance (miles/week), frequency (times/week), total amount (MET-minutes/week), and speed (mph) were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Participating in leisure-time running is associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adults. Consistent linear dose-response relationships were observed between various running parameters and incident type 2 diabetes, supporting the prescription of running to prevent type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Wang
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Duck-Chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
| | | | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Timothy S Church
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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