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Yan J, Wang P, Yan Z, Yang Q, Huang X, Gao X, Li J, Wang Z, Gao Y, Gun S. Cloning of STC-1 and analysis of its differential expression in Hezuo pig. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4687-4694. [PMID: 36905141 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2186890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine STC-1's structure, function, and differential expression in large and miniature pigs. We cloned the Hezuo pig's coding sequence, compared its homology, and used bioinformatics to assess the structure. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression in ten tissues of Hezuo pig and Landrace pig. The results showed that Hezuo pig was most closely related to Capra hircus and most distantly related to Danio rerio. The protein STC-1 has a signal peptide and its secondary structure is dominated by the alpha helix. The mRNA expression in the spleen, duodenum, jejunum, and stomach of Hezuo pigs was higher than that of Landrace pigs. And except for heart and duodenum, expression of the protein in Hezuo pig was higher than in another. In conclusion, STC-1 is highly conserved among different breeds of pigs, and the expression and distribution of its mRNA and protein are different in large and miniature pigs. This work can lay the foundation for future study into the mechanism of action of STC-1 in Hezuo pigs and the enhancement of breeding in miniature pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyou Li
- Gansu General Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Extension, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zike Wang
- Gansu General Station of Animal Husbandry Technology Extension, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Jilin Rongtai Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Liu L, Han L, Dong L, He Z, Gao K, Chen X, Guo JC, Zhao Y. The hypoxia-associated genes in immune infiltration and treatment options of lung adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15621. [PMID: 37576511 PMCID: PMC10414028 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common lung cancer with a poor prognosis under standard chemotherapy. Hypoxia is a crucial factor in the development of solid tumors, and hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) are closely associated with the proliferation of LUAD cells. Methods In this study, LUAD HRGs were screened, and bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation were conducted. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to gather LUAD RNA-seq data and accompanying clinical information. LUAD subtypes were identified by unsupervised cluster analysis, and immune infiltration analysis of subtypes was conducted by GSVA and ssGSEA. Cox regression and LASSO regression analyses were used to obtain prognosis-related HRGs. Prognostic analysis was used to evaluate HRGs. Differences in enrichment pathways and immunotherapy were observed between risk groups based on GSEA and the TIDE method. Finally, RT-PCR and in vitro experiments were used to confirm prognosis-related HRG expression in LUAD cells. Results Two hypoxia-associated subtypes of LUAD were distinguished, demonstrating significant differences in prognostic analysis and immunological characteristics between subtypes. A prognostic model based on six HRGs (HK1, PDK3, PFKL, SLC2A1, STC1, and XPNPEP1) was developed for LUAD. HK1, SLC2A1, STC1, and XPNPEP1 were found to be risk factors for LUAD. PDK3 and PFKL were protective factors in LUAD patients. Conclusion This study demonstrates the effect of hypoxia-associated genes on immune infiltration in LUAD and provides options for immunotherapy and therapeutic strategies in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Research Center for Ubiquitous Computing Systems (CUbiCS), Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Cao Y, Chen E, Wang X, Song J, Zhang H, Chen X. An emerging master inducer and regulator for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis: extracellular and intracellular ATP and its molecular functions and therapeutic potential. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36750864 PMCID: PMC9903449 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment, metastasis remains the major cause of cancer-related death and scientific challenge. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in cancer invasion and progression, a process by which tumor cells lose cell-cell adhesion and acquire increased invasiveness and metastatic activity. Recent work has uncovered some crucial roles of extracellular adenosine 5'- triphosphate (eATP), a major component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), in promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Intratumoral extracellular ATP (eATP), at levels of 100-700 µM, is 103-104 times higher than in normal tissues. In the current literature, eATP's function in promoting metastasis has been relatively poorly understood as compared with intracellular ATP (iATP). Recent evidence has shown that cancer cells internalize eATP via macropinocytosis in vitro and in vivo, promoting cell growth and survival, drug resistance, and metastasis. Furthermore, ATP acts as a messenger molecule that activates P2 purinergic receptors expressed on both tumor and host cells, stimulating downstream signaling pathways to enhance the invasive and metastatic properties of tumor cells. Here, we review recent progress in understanding eATP's role in each step of the metastatic cascade, including initiating invasion, inducing EMT, overcoming anoikis, facilitating intravasation, circulation, and extravasation, and eventually establishing metastatic colonization. Collectively, these studies reveal eATP's important functions in many steps of metastasis and identify new opportunities for developing more effective therapeutic strategies to target ATP-associated processes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Cao
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Eileen Chen
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Xuan Wang
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Jingwen Song
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA ,grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Xiaozhuo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,The Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. .,Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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4
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Cancer Stem Cell Formation Induced and Regulated by Extracellular ATP and Stanniocalcin-1 in Human Lung Cancer Cells and Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314770. [PMID: 36499099 PMCID: PMC9740946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely associated with metastasis and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). We previously reported that extracellular ATP (eATP) induces and regulates EMT in cancer cells. We recently found that the gene stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is significantly upregulated by eATP in human non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells; however, the relationships among eATP, CSCs, and STC1 were largely unknown. In this study, we performed gene knockdown and knockout, and a wide variety of functional assays to determine if and how eATP and STC1 induce CSCs in NSCLC A549 and H1299 cells. Our data show that, in both cultured cells and tumors, eATP increased the number of CSCs in the cancer cell population and upregulated CSC-related genes and protein markers. STC1 deletion led to drastically slower cell and tumor growth, reduced intracellular ATP levels and CSC markers, and metabolically shifted STC1-deficient cells from an energetic state to a quiescent state. These findings indicate that eATP induces and regulates CSCs at transcriptional, translational, and metabolic levels, and these activities are mediated through STC1 via mitochondria-associated ATP synthesis. These novel findings offer insights into eATP-induced CSCs and identify new targets for inhibiting CSCs.
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5
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Wan HT, Ng AH, Lee WK, Shi F, Wong CKC. Identification and characterization of a membrane receptor that binds to human STC1. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201497. [PMID: 35798563 PMCID: PMC9263378 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A study using TriCEPS-based ligand–receptor methodology and surface plasmon resonance assays identified that human stanniocalcin-1 binds to insulin-like growth factor-2 receptors in human leukemia monocytic cells with high affinity. Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a hypocalcemic hormone originally identified in bony fishes. The mammalian homolog is found to be involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis, among other physiological functions. In this study, we used the TriCEPS-based ligand–receptor methodology to identify the putative binding proteins of human STC1 (hSTC1) in the human leukemia monocytic cell line, ThP-1. LC–MS/MS analysis of peptides from shortlisted hSTC1-binding proteins detected 32 peptides that belong to IGF2/MPRI. Surface plasmon resonance assay demonstrated that hSTC1 binds to immobilized IGF2R/MPRI with high affinity (10–20 nM) and capacity (Rmax 70–100%). The receptor binding data are comparable with those of (CREG) cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated gene a known ligand of IGF2R/MPRI, with Rmax of 75–80% and affinity values of 1–2 nM. The surface plasmon resonance competitive assays showed CREG competed with hSTC1 in binding to IGF2R/MPRI. The biological effects of hSTC1 on ThP-1 cells were demonstrated via IGF2R/MPRI to significantly reduce secreted levels of IL-1β. This is the first study to reveal the high-affinity binding of hSTC1 to the membrane receptor IGF2R/MPRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Ting Wan
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice Hm Ng
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wang Ka Lee
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris Kong-Chu Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Yang EM, Park JS, Joo SY, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Stanniocalcin‑1 suppresses TGF‑β‑induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular fibrosis in human renal proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:107. [PMID: 35730604 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin‑1 (STC1), a multifunctional glycoprotein with antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties, serves an important role in kidney protection. STC1 is one of the few hormones targeted to the mitochondria to regulate mitochondrial quality control by suppressing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of STC1 remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of recombinant STC1 (rSTC1) in renal fibrosis and to identify the mechanisms underlying cellular fibrosis in HK2 human renal proximal tubular cells. Semi‑quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and confocal microscopy were used to detect the mRNA levels, protein levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Mitochondrial superoxide production was evaluated using MitoSox staining. rSTC1 attenuated TGF‑β‑induced downregulation of AMP‑activated protein kinase and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Treatment of HK2 cells with TGF‑β reduced the MMP and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, TGF‑β treatment upregulated fibrotic markers, such as α‑SMA and fibronectin, in HK2 cells. Treatment with rSTC1 and TGF‑β suppressed mitochondrial ROS production by recovering the MMP and reversed the upregulation of fibrotic markers in HK2 cells. The effects of rSTC1 were reversed when UCP2 expression was silenced. The present study revealed a novel role of STC1 in preventing TGF‑β induced cellular fibrosis in HK2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Mi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
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7
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Mengeste AM, Nikolić N, Dalmao Fernandez A, Feng YZ, Nyman TA, Kersten S, Haugen F, Kase ET, Aas V, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. Insight Into the Metabolic Adaptations of Electrically Pulse-Stimulated Human Myotubes Using Global Analysis of the Transcriptome and Proteome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:928195. [PMID: 35874526 PMCID: PMC9298736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) has proven to be a useful tool to interrogate cell-specific responses to muscle contraction. In the present study, we aimed to uncover networks of signaling pathways and regulatory molecules responsible for the metabolic effects of exercise in human skeletal muscle cells exposed to chronic EPS. Differentiated myotubes from young male subjects were exposed to EPS protocol 1 (i.e. 2 ms, 10 V, and 0.1 Hz for 24 h), whereas myotubes from middle-aged women and men were exposed to protocol 2 (i.e. 2 ms, 30 V, and 1 Hz for 48 h). Fuel handling as well as the transcriptome, cellular proteome, and secreted proteins of EPS-treated myotubes from young male subjects were analyzed using a combination of high-throughput RNA sequencing, high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, oxidation assay, and immunoblotting. The data showed that oxidative metabolism was enhanced in EPS-exposed myotubes from young male subjects. Moreover, a total of 81 differentially regulated proteins and 952 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in these cells after EPS protocol 1. We also found 61 overlapping genes while comparing the DEGs to mRNA expression in myotubes from the middle-aged group exposed to protocol 2, assessed by microarray. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that significantly regulated proteins and genes were enriched in biological processes related to glycolytic pathways, positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as muscle contraction, autophagy/mitophagy, and oxidative stress. Additionally, proteomic identification of secreted proteins revealed extracellular levels of 137 proteins were changed in myotubes from young male subjects exposed to EPS protocol 1. Selected putative myokines were measured using ELISA or multiplex assay to validate the results. Collectively, our data provides new insight into the transcriptome, proteome and secreted proteins alterations following in vitro exercise and is a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory molecules mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel M Mengeste
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Dalmao Fernandez
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuan Z Feng
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fred Haugen
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, STAMI-The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Aas
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Kopp JB, Heymann J. Impact of APOL1 kidney risk variants on glomerular transcriptomes. Kidney Int 2022; 102:16-19. [PMID: 35738828 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
McNulty and colleagues describe the glomerular transcriptional landscape of subjects with APOL1 (the gene encoding apolipoprotein L1)-associated kidney disease, using bulk RNA sequencing. They found the following: APOL1 gene expression was higher in individuals with APOL1 high-risk genetic status; in glomeruli, STC1, encoding stanniocalcin, was the most upregulated gene, and CCL18, encoding C-C motif chemokine ligand 18, was the most downregulated gene; and nuclear factor kappa BNF-κB inhibitor-interacting Ras-like 1 (NKIRAS1) is the strongest hub gene. These findings identify disease pathways that might mediate or mitigate APOL1-associated nephropathies.
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9
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McNulty MT, Fermin D, Eichinger F, Jang D, Kretzler M, Burtt NP, Pollak MR, Flannick J, Weins A, Friedman DJ, Sampson MG. A glomerular transcriptomic landscape of apolipoprotein L1 in Black patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2022; 102:136-148. [PMID: 34929253 PMCID: PMC9206042 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1)-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the dominant form of FSGS in Black individuals. There are no targeted therapies for this condition, in part because the molecular mechanisms underlying APOL1's pathogenic contribution to FSGS are incompletely understood. Studying the transcriptomic landscape of APOL1 FSGS in patient kidneys is an important way to discover genes and molecular behaviors that are unique or most relevant to the human disease. With the hypothesis that the pathology driven by the high-risk APOL1 genotype is reflected in alteration of gene expression across the glomerular transcriptome, we compared expression and co-expression profiles of 15,703 genes in 16 Black patients with FSGS at high-risk vs 14 Black patients with a low-risk APOL1 genotype. Expression data from APOL1-inducible HEK293 cells and normal human glomeruli were used to pursue genes and molecular pathways uncovered in these studies. We discovered increased expression of APOL1 and nine other significant differentially expressed genes in high-risk patients. This included stanniocalcin, which has a role in mitochondrial and calcium-related processes along with differential correlations between high- and low-risk APOL1 and metabolism pathway genes. There were similar correlations with extracellular matrix- and immune-related genes, but significant loss of co-expression of mitochondrial genes in high-risk FSGS, and an NF-κB-down regulating gene, NKIRAS1, as the most significant hub gene with strong differential correlations with NDUF family (mitochondrial respiratory genes) and immune-related (JAK-STAT) genes. Thus, differences in mitochondrial gene regulation appear to underlie many differences observed between high- and low-risk Black patients with FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T McNulty
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Damian Fermin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Felix Eichinger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Dongkeun Jang
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin R Pollak
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Friedman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Kidney Disease Initiative, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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10
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Ail D, Samardzija M, Chang ACM, Keck J, Reddel RR, Grimm C. Stanniocalcin2, but Not Stanniocalcin1, Responds to Hypoxia in a HIF1-Dependent Manner in the Retina. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:882559. [PMID: 35812222 PMCID: PMC9259883 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.882559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for neuroprotective factors that can prevent or slow down the progression of retinal degeneration is still ongoing. Acute hypoxic stress has been shown to provide transient protection against subsequent damage in the retina. Stanniocalcins – STC1 and STC2 – are secreted glycoproteins that are hypoxia-regulated and were shown to be cytoprotective in various in vitro studies. Hence, we investigated the expression of stanniocalcins in the normal, degenerating and hypoxic retina. We show that the expression of Stc1 and Stc2 in the retina was detectable as early as postnatal day 10 and persisted during aging. Retinal expression of Stc2, but not Stc1, was induced in mice in an in vivo model of acute hypoxia and a genetic model of chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, we show that HIF1, not HIF2, is responsible for regulating Stc2 in cells with the molecular response to hypoxia activated due to the absence of von Hippel Lindau protein. Surprisingly, Stc2 was not normally expressed in photoreceptors but in the inner retina, as shown by laser capture microdissection and immunofluorescence data. The expression of both Stc1 and Stc2 remained unchanged in the degenerative retina with an almost complete loss of photoreceptors, confirming their expression in the inner retina. However, the absence of either Stc1 or Stc2 had no effect on retinal architecture, as was evident from retinal morphology of the respective knockout mice. Taken together our data provides evidence for the differential regulation of STC1 and STC2 in the retina and the prospect of investigating STC2 as a retinal neuroprotective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ail
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andy C. M. Chang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jadwiga Keck
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger R. Reddel
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christian Grimm,
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11
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Effect of the Porcine STC-1 Gene on Autophagy and Mitochondrial Function as Induced by Serum Starvation. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2533-2551. [PMID: 35589876 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a glycoprotein hormone involved in calcium/phosphorus metabolism and direct inhibition of bone and muscle growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the STC-1 gene with respect to the regulatory mechanisms of porcine growth metabolic pathways involving autophagy. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of autophagy and mitochondrial function-related proteins, and flow cytometry was used to detect mitochondrial function-related. Changes in the autophagosome and mitochondrial were observed by electron microscopy. The expression of the autophagy-related proteins was detected by confocal microscopy. The results showed that Pink1, Parkin and LC3B expression was increased; SQSTM1/P62 expression was reduced. Electron microscopy revealed that the cells in the serum starvation group all produced autophagosomes. The fluorescence intensity of GFP-LC3B and GFP-Parkin increased. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Pink1 and Parkin protein levels were profoundly reduced in the STC-KO. In addition, the increase in Mfn2, OPA1, DRP1 and LC3B proteins was attenuated; the increase in the apoptosis rate and amount of active oxygen was attenuated; the decrease in membrane potential; the decrease in ATP was reversed; the fluorescence intensity of GFP-LC3B and GFP-Parkin was increased. These results indicate that autophagy can be caused by serum starvation. Knocking out the porcine STC-1 gene had an obvious antiapoptotic effect on cells, the inhibition of serum starvation-induced autophagy. This is the first study to show that the porcine STC-1 gene confers self-protection in the absence of nutrients. To provide a theoretical basis for studying the effect of STC-1 on pig growth and development.
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Serum Autoantibodies against LRDD, STC1, and FOXA1 as Biomarkers in the Detection of Ovarian Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6657820. [PMID: 35273656 PMCID: PMC8904091 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6657820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study is aimed at evaluating serum autoantibodies against four tumor-associated antigens, including LRDD, STC1, FOXA1, and EDNRB, as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC). Methods The autoantibodies against LRDD, STC1, FOXA1, and EDNRB were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 94 OC patients and 94 normal healthy controls (NHC) in the research group. In addition, the diagnostic values of different autoantibodies were validated in another independent validation group, which comprised 136 OC patients, 136 NHC, and 181 patients with benign ovarian diseases (BOD). Results In the research group, autoantibodies against LRDD, STC1, and FOXA1 had higher serum titer in OC patients than NHC (P < 0.001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of these three autoantibodies were 0.910, 0.879, and 0.817, respectively. In the validation group, they showed AUCs of 0.759, 0.762, and 0.817 and sensitivities of 49.3%, 42.7%, and 48.5%, respectively, at specificity over 90% for discriminating OC patients from NHC. For discriminating OC patients from BOD, they showed AUCs of 0.718, 0.729, and 0.814 and sensitivities of 47.1%, 39.0%, and 51.5%, respectively, at specificity over 90%. The parallel analyses demonstrated that the combination of anti-LRDD and anti-FOXA1 autoantibodies achieved the optimal diagnostic performance with the sensitivity of 58.1% at 87.5% specificity and accuracy of 72.8%. The positive rate of the optimal autoantibody panel improved from 62.4% to 87.1% when combined with CA125 in detecting OC patients. Conclusion Serum autoantibodies against LRDD, STC1, and FOXA1 have potential diagnostic values in detecting OC.
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MiR 208a Regulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Metabolically Challenged Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113152. [PMID: 34831374 PMCID: PMC8622724 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk for cardiovascular disease including metabolic cardiomyopathy that may progress to heart failure. The decline in mitochondrial metabolism is considered a critical pathogenic mechanism that drives this progression. Considering its cardiac specificity, we hypothesized that miR 208a regulates the bioenergetic metabolism in human cardiomyocytes exposed to metabolic challenges. We screened in silico for potential miR 208a targets focusing on mitochondrial outcomes, and we found that mRNA species for mediator complex subunit 7, mitochondrial ribosomal protein 28, stanniocalcin 1, and Sortin nexin 10 are rescued by the CRISPR deletion of miR 208a in human SV40 cardiomyocytes exposed to metabolic challenges (high glucose and high albumin-bound palmitate). These mRNAs translate into proteins that are involved in nuclear transcription, mitochondrial translation, mitochondrial integrity, and protein trafficking. MiR 208a suppression prevented the decrease in myosin heavy chain α isoform induced by the metabolic stress suggesting protection against a decrease in cardiac contractility. MiR 208a deficiency opposed the decrease in the mitochondrial biogenesis signaling pathway, mtDNA, mitochondrial markers, and respiratory properties induced by metabolic challenges. The benefit of miR 208a suppression on mitochondrial function was canceled by the reinsertion of miR 208a. In summary, miR 208a regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function in cardiomyocytes exposed to diabetic conditions. MiR 208a may be a therapeutic target to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in chronic diseases associated with mitochondrial defects.
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Bishop A, Cartwright JE, Whitley GS. Stanniocalcin-1 in the female reproductive system and pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:1098-1114. [PMID: 34432025 PMCID: PMC8542996 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a widely expressed glycoprotein hormone involved in a diverse spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological processes including angiogenesis, mineral homeostasis, cell proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis. Over the last 20 years, numerous studies have reported STC-1 expression within female reproductive tissues including the uterus, ovaries and placenta and implicated STC-1 in processes such as ovarian follicular development, blastocyst implantation, vascular remodelling in early pregnancy and placental development. Notably, dysregulation of STC-1 within reproductive tissues has been linked to the onset of severe reproductive disorders including endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, poor trophoblast invasion and placental perfusion in early pregnancy. Furthermore, significant changes in tissue expression and in maternal systemic concentration take place throughout pregnancy and further substantiate the vital role of this protein in reproductive health and disease. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature, to summarise the expression profile and roles of STC-1 within the female reproductive system and its associated pathologies. We highlight the gaps in the current knowledge and suggest potential avenues for future research. SEARCH METHODS Relevant studies were identified through searching the PubMed database using the following search terms: ‘stanniocalcin-1’, ‘placenta’, ‘ovary’, ‘endometrium’, ‘pregnancy’, ‘reproduction’, ‘early gestation’. Only English language papers published between 1995 and 2020 were included. OUTCOMES This review provides compelling evidence of the vital function that STC-1 plays within the female reproductive system. The literature presented summarise the wide expression profile of STC-1 within female reproductive organs, as well as highlighting the putative roles of STC-1 in various functions in the reproductive system. Moreover, the observed link between altered STC-1 expression and the onset of various reproductive pathologies is presented, including those in pregnancy whose aetiology occurs in the first trimester. This summary emphasises the requirement for further studies on the mechanisms underlying the regulation of STC-1 expression and function. WIDER IMPLICATIONS STC-1 is a pleiotropic hormone involved in the regulation of a number of important biological functions needed to maintain female reproductive health. There is also growing evidence that dysregulation of STC-1 is implicated in common reproductive and obstetric disorders. Greater understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of STC-1 within the field may therefore identify possible targets for therapeutic intervention and/or diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Bishop
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Judith E Cartwright
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Guy S Whitley
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Wang P, Li XL, Cao ZH. STC1 ameliorates cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease mice via inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152092. [PMID: 34004549 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regulatory role of STC1 (Stanniocalcin-1) mediated ERK1/2 pathway in cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS WT mice and STC1 Tg mice (transgenic overexpression of STC1) were used to establish AD models to perform behavioral test by Morris water maze. Hippocampal cell apoptosis was quantified by TUNEL staining, the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and hippocampal tissues determined by ELISA, as well as oxidative stress-related factors detected by corresponding testing kits, and protein expression of STC1 and ERK1/2 pathway measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with WT Sham group, WT AD mice had prolonged escape latency, decreased crossing platform times, increased hippocampal cell apoptosis with up-regulated inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors, as well as increased STC1 and ERK1/2 pathway-related molecules. By contrast, STC1 Tg AD mice showed shortened escape latency, increased crossing platform times than WT AD mice, and they also exhibited the decreased apoptosis index and inflammatory cytokines, alleviated oxidative stress-injury, down-regulated protein expression of ERK1/2 pathway, and up-regulated the protein expression of STC1 and UCP2. CONCLUSION STC1 overexpression could alleviate oxidative stress-induced injury, reduce neuroinflammation, improve cognitive function to play a neuro-protective role by inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao-Long Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Cao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.
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16
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Isolation and Proteomics of the Insulin Secretory Granule. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11050288. [PMID: 33946444 PMCID: PMC8147143 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin, a vital hormone for glucose homeostasis is produced by pancreatic beta-cells and when secreted, stimulates the uptake and storage of glucose from the blood. In the pancreas, insulin is stored in vesicles termed insulin secretory granules (ISGs). In Type 2 diabetes (T2D), defects in insulin action results in peripheral insulin resistance and beta-cell compensation, ultimately leading to dysfunctional ISG production and secretion. ISGs are functionally dynamic and many proteins present either on the membrane or in the lumen of the ISG may modulate and affect different stages of ISG trafficking and secretion. Previously, studies have identified few ISG proteins and more recently, proteomics analyses of purified ISGs have uncovered potential novel ISG proteins. This review summarizes the proteins identified in the current ISG proteomes from rat insulinoma INS-1 and INS-1E cell lines. Here, we also discuss techniques of ISG isolation and purification, its challenges and potential future directions.
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De Souza SK, Sarapio E, Vogt EL, Schein V, Fabres RB, Model JFA, Girelli V, Rocha DS, Da Silva RSM. Effects of stanniocalcin 1 hormone on lactate metabolism in rat kidney under fed and fasted conditions. Life Sci 2020; 256:117922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zhao F, Yang G, Feng M, Cao Z, Liu Y, Qiu J, You L, Zheng L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Expression, function and clinical application of stanniocalcin-1 in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7686-7696. [PMID: 32468698 PMCID: PMC7348177 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein stanniocalcin-1 functions as a regulatory endocrine hormone that maintains the balance of calcium and phosphorus in bony fish and as a paracrine/autocrine factor involved in many physiological/pathological processes in humans, including carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of (a) the possible mechanisms through which STC1 affects the malignant properties of cancer, (b) transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation pathways of STC1 and (c) the potential clinical relevance of STC1 as a cancer biomarker and even a therapeutic target in the future. Exploring the role of STC1 in cancer development may provide a better understanding of the tumorigenesis process in humans and may facilitate finding an effective therapeutic method against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abid N, Embola J, Tryfonos Z, Bercher J, Ashton SV, Khalil A, Thilaganathan B, Cartwright JE, Whitley GS. Regulation of stanniocalcin-1 secretion by BeWo cells and first trimester human placental tissue from normal pregnancies and those at increased risk of developing preeclampsia. FASEB J 2020; 34:6086-6098. [PMID: 32162740 PMCID: PMC7318576 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902426r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a multi-functional glycosylated peptide present in the plasma of healthy women postpartum and increased further in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. Although the STC-1 gene is expressed by the placenta what regulates its secretion and from which cells at the feto-maternal interface is unknown. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast are a major site of STC-1 protein expression in first trimester placental tissue. Further, in response to low oxygen, first trimester chorionic villous tissue from pregnancies at increased risk of developing preeclampsia secreted significantly more STC-1 than normal tissue under the same conditions. Using the human trophoblast cell line BeWo we have shown that low oxygen increased the secretion of STC-1 but it required co-stimulation with the Adenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) analogue, 8-Bromo adenosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate cAMP (8 Br-cAMP) to reach significance. Inhibition of Hypoxia inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) and the Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3 -Kinase)/AKT/Serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1(SGK-1) pathway resulted in significant inhibition of STC-1 secretion. As both low oxygen and cAMP are known to play a central role in placental function, their regulation of STC-1 points to a potentially important role in the maintenance of a normal healthy pregnancy and we would hypothesize that it may act to protect against prolonged placental hypoxia seen in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Abid
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Joan Embola
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Zoe Tryfonos
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Julia Bercher
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sandra V. Ashton
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Asma Khalil
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Baskaran Thilaganathan
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Judith E. Cartwright
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Guy S. Whitley
- Centre for Vascular Biology, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George'sUniversity of LondonLondonUK
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Zhang Y, Shan P, Srivastava A, Li Z, Lee PJ. Endothelial Stanniocalcin 1 Maintains Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Prevents Oxidant-Induced Lung Injury via Toll-Like Receptor 4. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1775-1796. [PMID: 30187766 PMCID: PMC6479262 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidant-induced endothelial injury plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) and subsequent respiratory failure. Our previous studies revealed an endogenous antioxidant and protective pathway in lung endothelium mediated by heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. However, the downstream effector mechanisms remained unclear. Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) has been reported to mediate antioxidant responses in tissues such as the lungs. However, regulators of STC1 expression as well as its physiological function in the lungs were unknown. We sought to elucidate the relationship between TLR4 and STC1 in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in vitro and in vivo and to define the functional role of STC1 expression in lung endothelium. RESULTS We identified significantly decreased STC1 expression in TLR4 knockout mouse lungs and primary lung endothelium isolated from TLR4 knockout mice. Overexpression of STC1 was associated with endothelial cytoprotection, whereas decreased or insufficient expression was associated with increased oxidant-induced injury and death. An Hsp70-TLR4-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signal mediates STC1 induction in the lungs and endothelial cells. We also demonstrated a previously unrecognized role for mitochondrial-associated STC1, via TLR4, in maintaining normal glycolysis, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and mitochondrial calcium levels. INNOVATION To date, a physiological role for STC1 in oxidant-induced ALI has not been identified. In addition, our studies show that STC1 is regulated by TLR4 and exerts lung and endothelial protection in response to sterile oxidant-induced lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal a novel TLR4-STC1-mediated mitochondrial pathway that has homeostatic as well as oxidant-induced cytoprotective functions in lung endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Peiying Shan
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anup Srivastava
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,2 Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Zhenyu Li
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,3 Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Patty J Lee
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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21
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Brantley KD, Kjærsgaard A, Cronin-Fenton D, Yacoub R, Nielsen AS, Lauridsen KL, Hamilton-Dutoit S, Lash TL. Stanniocalcin Expression as a Predictor of Late Breast Cancer Recurrence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:653-659. [PMID: 29593009 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Expression of human paracrine hormones stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) may potentiate late breast cancer recurrence. We tested the hypothesis that expression of STC1 and STC2 in primary breast tumors is more strongly associated with late versus early recurrences.Methods: A total of 541 estrogen receptor-positive, tamoxifen-treated (ER+/TAM+) and 300 ER-negative, tamoxifen-untreated (ER-/TAM-) breast cancer patients who experienced recurrence within 10 years of primary diagnosis and matched recurrence-free controls were selected from a cohort of 11,251 Danish breast cancer patients diagnosed with stage I, II, or III breast cancer during 1985 to 2001. The association between IHC expression of STC1 and STC2 in primary breast tumor tissue microarrays and breast cancer recurrence was evaluated within median time to recurrence quintiles.Results: The association between STC1 expression, dichotomized as positive or negative, and recurrence was strongly positive for the final time quintile (6-10 years postdiagnosis) in the ER+/TAM+ group [aOR = 2.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-5.98]. Regression of the log ORs relating dichotomous STC1 and STC2 expression to recurrence by median time to recurrence (year) resulted in a relatively large positive effect estimate for STC1 (β = 0.16; 95% CI, -0.03-0.36) and a near-null positive effect estimate for STC2 (β = 0.04; 95% CI, -0.14-0.21).Conclusions: Our results suggest a stronger association between primary tumor STC1 expression and late recurrence, as opposed to early recurrence, although no clear trend was apparent.Impact: STC1 expression in the primary tumor may potentiate late recurrences, suggesting dormancy pathways that merit further investigation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(6); 653-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen D Brantley
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Anders Kjærsgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rami Yacoub
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anja S Nielsen
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Timothy L Lash
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
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22
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Leung CC, Wong CK. Effects of STC1 overexpression on tumorigenicity and metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:6852-6861. [PMID: 29467934 PMCID: PMC5805520 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a paracrine factor associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis. Using clinicopathological data, we previously reported that a greater expression of STC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was significantly correlated with smaller tumor size. The underlying mechanism on the correlation is not known. In this study, using a metastatic HCC cell-line (MHCC-97L, P) and lentiviral vector mediated-STC1 overexpression, the inoculation of STC1-overexpressing MHCC-97L (S1) cells in a nude mice xenograft model demonstrated reductions in tumor mass and volume. As compared with P cells, S1 cells exhibited epithelial phenotype with significantly lower plating efficiency and reduced migratory and proliferative potential. Using coulter counter for cell-sizing, S1 cells (17.6 μm) were significantly smaller than P cells (19.6 μm). Western blot analysis revealed that S1 cells exhibited reduced expression level of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (p-rpS6). Moreover, an inhibition of the upstream kinase p70S6K was evident with the dephosphorylation of Thr389 in the linker domain of the kinase. The inhibition of p70S6K/p-rpS6 pathway was accompanied with reduced cellular ATP level and increase of p-AMPK in S1 cells. Significantly lower rates of glycolysis and extracellular O2 consumption in S1 cells exhibited a lower cellular energy status. Since a faster rate of ATP production is essential to support cancer growth and metastasis, the present study identified the effect of STC1-overexpression on reducing energy metabolism, leading to an activation of AMPK pathway but an inhibition of p70S6K/p-rpS6 signaling to reduce tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Ct Leung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris Kc Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cozer AG, Trapp M, Martins TL, De Fraga LS, Vieira Marques C, Model JFA, Schein V, Kucharski LC, Da Silva RS. Effects of Stanniocalcin-1 on glucose flux in rat brown adipose tissue. Biochimie 2017; 138:50-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mohammadipoor A, Lee RH, Prockop DJ, Bartosh TJ. Stanniocalcin-1 attenuates ischemic cardiac injury and response of differentiating monocytes/macrophages to inflammatory stimuli. Transl Res 2016; 177:127-142. [PMID: 27469269 PMCID: PMC5099094 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Ischemic myocardial necrosis generates "danger" signals that perpetuate detrimental inflammatory reactions often involving monocyte recruitment and their subsequent differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of recombinant STC-1 (rSTC-1) on monocyte phenotype and in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Using an established protocol to differentiate human monocytes into macrophages, we demonstrated that rSTC-1 did not alter morphology of the differentiated cells, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 expression, or expression of the myeloid cell marker CD11b. However, rSTC-1 treatment before differentiation attenuated the rise in the expression of CD14, a TLR4 coreceptor and pathogen sensor that propagates innate immune responses, and suppressed levels of inflammatory cytokines produced by the differentiated cells in response to the CD14-TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, rSTC-1 treatment reduced CD14 expression in monocytes stimulated with endogenous danger signals. Interestingly, the effects of rSTC-1 on CD14 expression were not reproduced by a superoxide dismutase mimetic. In mice with induced myocardial infarcts, intravenous administration of rSTC-1 decreased CD14 expression in the heart as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-X-C motif ligand 2, interleukin 1 beta, and myeloperoxidase. It also suppressed the formation of scar tissue while enhancing cardiac function. The data suggests that one of the beneficial effects of STC-1 might be attributed to suppression of CD14 on recruited monocytes and macrophages that limits their inflammatory response. STC-1 may be a promising therapy to protect the heart and other tissues from ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Mohammadipoor
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Tex, USA
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Tex, USA
| | - Darwin J Prockop
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Tex, USA
| | - Thomas J Bartosh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Tex, USA.
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Stanniocalcin-1 Protects a Mouse Model from Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Affecting ROS-Mediated Multiple Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071051. [PMID: 27420048 PMCID: PMC4964427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI). However, the molecular mechanisms remain widely unknown. STC-1 inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas most ROS-mediated pathways are associated with ischemic injury. Therefore, to explore the mechanism, the effects of STC-1 on ROS-medicated pathways were studied. Non-traumatic vascular clamps were used to establish RIRI mouse models. The serum levels of STC-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon (IFN) γ, P53, and capase-3 were measured by ELISA kits. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by fluorescence spectrofluorometer. All these molecules changed significantly in a RIRI model mouse when compared with those in a sham control. Kidney cells were isolated from sham and model mice. STC-1 was overexpressed or knockout in these kidney cells. The molecules in ROS-medicated pathways were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot. The results showed that STC-1 is an effective ROS scavenger. The serum levels of STC-1, MDA and SOD activity were increased while the serum levels of IL-6, iIFN-γ, P53, and capase-3 were decreased in a model group when compared with a sham control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of STC-1,p53, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (p-MEKK-1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), IkB kinase (p-IKK), nuclear factor (NF) κB, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1) and caspase-3 changed significantly in kidney cells isolated from a RIRI model when compared to those isolated from a sham control (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, STC-1 overexpression or silence caused significant changes of the levels of these ROS-mediated molecules. Therefore, STC-1 maybe improve anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis activities by affecting ROS-mediated pathways, especially the phospho-modifications of the respective proteins, resulting in the increase of SOD and reduce of capase-3, p53, IL-6 and IFN-γ.
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Schein V, Kucharski LC, Guerreiro PMG, Martins TL, Morgado I, Power DM, Canario AVM, da Silva RSM. Stanniocalcin 1 effects on the renal gluconeogenesis pathway in rat and fish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 414:1-8. [PMID: 26187698 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney contributes significantly to glucose homeostasis through gluconeogenesis. Considering that stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) regulates ATP production, is synthesized and acts in different cell types of the nephron, the present study hypothesized that STC1 may be implicated in the regulation of gluconeogenesis in the vertebrate kidney. Human STC1 strongly reduced gluconeogenesis from (14)C-glutamine in rat renal medulla (MD) slices but not in renal cortex (CX), nor from (14)C-lactic acid. Total PEPCK activity was markedly reduced by hSTC1 in MD but not in CX. Pck2 (mitochondrial PEPCK isoform) was down-regulated by hSTC1 in MD but not in CX. In fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) kidney slices, both STC1-A and -B isoforms decreased gluconeogenesis from (14)C-acid lactic, while STC1-A increased gluconeogenesis from (14)C-glutamine. Overall, our results demonstrate a role for STC1 in the control of glucose synthesis via renal gluconeogenesis in mammals and suggest that it may have a similar role in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schein
- Pos-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Pos-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2400, 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Luiz C Kucharski
- Pos-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro M G Guerreiro
- CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Leal Martins
- Pos-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Isabel Morgado
- CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canario
- CCMAR - Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Roselis S M da Silva
- Pos-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Su J, Guo B, Zhang T, Wang K, Li X, Liang G. Stanniocalcin-1, a new biomarker of glioma progression, is associated with prognosis of patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6333-9. [PMID: 25783529 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a secreted glycoprotein hormone and highly expressed in various types of human malignancies. Although evidence points to the role of STC1 in human cancers, the clinical significance of STC1 expression in glioma has not been established. Here, we investigated the relationship between STC1 expression and clinicopathological significance in glioma. In our study, we selected 60 cases of different grades glioma tissues to detect the expression of STC1. Data showed that the mRNA and protein levels of STC1 in high-grade glioma tissues were significantly higher than that in low-grade tissues. The results of double immunofluorescent staining disclosed STC1 distribution in vascular endothelial cells and the cytoplasm in high-grade glioma, but almost distributed only in vascular endothelial cells in low-grade glioma. By immunohistochemistry, we got the same results and the expression of STC1 has significant difference in high-grade gliomas and low-grade gliomas. Furthermore, the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that cases with high STC1expression had significantly worse overall survival than those with low level of STC1. These results suggested that STC1 may be a valuable biomarker in diagnosing malignant degree of glioma and evaluating prognostic following surgery. Next, we would study the pathophysiological mechanism of STC1 in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Su
- Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, 83#Wenhua Road, ShenHe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
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Mass spectrometry identification of potential mediators of progestin-only contraceptive-induced abnormal uterine bleeding in human endometrial stromal cells. Contraception 2014; 91:253-60. [PMID: 25529278 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thrombin and hypoxia each target human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) to mediate long-acting progestin-only contraceptive (LAPC)-induced abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Thus, the secretome resulting from treatment of primary cultures of HESCs with thrombin or hypoxia was screened by mass spectrometry (MS) to detect potential protein mediators that lead to AUB. STUDY DESIGN Cultured HESCs were primed with estradiol±medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or etonogestrel (ETO), the respective progestins in MPA-injected and ETO-implanted LAPCs, and then treated by incubation with thrombin or under hypoxia. Collected conditioned medium supernatants were used for protein identification and quantitation of potential AUB mediators by liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Microarray analysis of parallel cultures and immunostaining of endometrial biopsies of LAPC users vs. nonusers corroborated MS results. RESULTS MS identified several proteins displaying changes in expression levels from either thrombin or hypoxia treatments that are integral to angiogenesis or extracellular matrix formation. Several MS-identified proteins were confirmed by mRNA microarray analysis. Overexpressed stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) was observed in endometrium of LAPC users. Unlike controls, all LAPC users displayed endometrial tubal metaplasia (ETM). CONCLUSIONS MS analysis identified many proteins that can affect angiogenesis or vessel integrity, thereby contributing to AUB. Confirmation of STC-1 overexpression in LAPC users and microarray data supports the validity of the MS data and suggests STC-1 involvement in AUB. The discovery of ETM in LAPC users indicates that LAPC-related side effects extend beyond AUB. The results presented here demonstrate a complex biological response to LAPC use. IMPLICATIONS MS identified several HESC secreted proteins deregulated by thrombin and hypoxia that may mediate LAPC-induced AUB. The revelation of overexpressed STC-1 by combined in vivo and in vitro observations identifies a potential target for future studies to prevent or minimize LAPC-induced AUB.
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Fang Z, Tian Z, Luo K, Song H, Yi J. Clinical significance of stanniocalcin expression in tissue and serum of gastric cancer patients. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:602-10. [PMID: 25400427 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.10.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stanniocalcin (STC) has been recognized as a potential biomarker in a variety of cancers. The aim of this study was to examine STC1 and STC2 expression in tumor and serum samples from gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS A total of 83 GC patients treated with radical resection were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect STC protein expression in paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Serum STC levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed to describe diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. RESULTS Both of STC1 and STC2 protein expression were upregulated in GC tissues compared with that in normal ones. Moreover, the high/moderate of STC1 protein was significantly associated with lymph metastasis, clinical stage and adverse 3-year progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, serum STC1 and STC2 expression in GC patients were much higher than that in patients with benign gastric disease, which decreased at postoperative 7-10 days. The sensitivity of serum STC protein also showed superiority over CEA and CA19-9. CONCLUSIONS STC upregulation plays an important role in GC development, and serum STC1 and STC2 might function as promising tumor markers for GC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- 1 Department of General Surgery, 101 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- 1 Department of General Surgery, 101 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Kunlun Luo
- 1 Department of General Surgery, 101 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Haizhu Song
- 1 Department of General Surgery, 101 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jun Yi
- 1 Department of General Surgery, 101 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Wuxi 214044, China ; 2 Department of Medical Oncology, 3 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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Law AY, Hébert RL, Nasrallah R, Langenbach R, Wong CKC, Wagner GF. Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates induction of the renal stanniocalcin-1 gene by arginine vasopressin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 381:210-9. [PMID: 23877023 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In rats and mice, the renal stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) gene is expressed in most nephron segments, but is differentially induced in response to dehydration. In cortical segments STC-1 mRNA levels are upregulated by the hypertonicity of dehydration, while hypovolemia causes gene induction in the inner medulla (papilla). In both cases induction is mediated by arginine vasopressin (AVP) acting via the V2 receptor (V2R). The intent of STC-1 gene upregulation during dehydration has yet to be established. Therefore, to narrow down the range of possible actions, we mapped out the pathway by which V2R occupancy upregulates the gene. V2R occupancy activates two different renal pathways in response to dehydration. The first is antidiuretic in nature and is mediated by direct V2R occupancy. The second pathway is indirect and counter-regulates AVP-mediated antidiuresis. It involves COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and the prostanoids, and is activated by the V2R-mediated rise in medullary interstitial osmolality. The resulting prostanoids counter-regulate AVP-mediated antidiuresis. They also upregulate renal cytoprotective mechanisms. The present studies employed models of COX inhibition and COX gene deletion to address the possible involvement of the COX pathway. The results showed that both general and specific inhibitors of COX-2 blocked STC-1 gene induction in response to dehydration. Gene induction in response to dehydration was also abolished in COX-2 null mice (cortex and papilla), but not in COX-1 null mice. STC-1 gene induction in response to V2R occupancy was also uniquely abolished in COX-2 nulls (both regions). These findings therefore collectively suggest that AVP-mediated elevations in STC-1 gene expression are wholly dependent on functional COX-2 activity. As such, a permissive role for STC-1 in AVP-mediated antidiuresis can be ruled out, and its range of possible actions has been narrowed down to AVP counter-regulation and renal cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Law
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Guan J, Mishra S, Shi J, Plovie E, Qiu Y, Cao X, Gianni D, Jiang B, Del Monte F, Connors LH, Seldin DC, Lavatelli F, Rognoni P, Palladini G, Merlini G, Falk RH, Semigran MJ, Dec GW, Macrae CA, Liao R. Stanniocalcin1 is a key mediator of amyloidogenic light chain induced cardiotoxicity. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:378. [PMID: 23982491 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin light chain (LC) amyloidosis (AL) results from overproduction of circulating amyloidogenic LC proteins and subsequent amyloid fibril deposition in organs. Mortality in AL amyloidosis patients is highly associated with a rapidly progressive AL cardiomyopathy, marked by profound impairment of diastolic and systolic cardiac function and significant early mortality. While myocardial fibril deposition contributes to the severe diastolic dysfunction seen in AL cardiomyopathy patients, the degree of fibril deposition has not been found to correlate with prognosis. Previously, we and others showed a direct cardiotoxic effect of amyloidogenic LC proteins (AL-LC), which may contribute to the pathophysiology and mortality observed in AL cardiomyopathy patients. However, the mechanisms underlying AL-LC related cardiotoxicity remain unknown. Mammalian stanniocalcin1 (STC1) is associated with a number of cellular processes including oxidative stress and cell death. Herein, we find that STC1 expression is elevated in cardiac tissue from AL cardiomyopathy patients, and is induced in isolated cardiomyocytes in response to AL-LC, but not non-amyloidogenic LC. STC1 overexpression in vitro recapitulates the pathophysiology of AL-LC mediated cardiotoxicity, with increased ROS production, contractile dysfunction and cell death. Overexpression of STC1 in vivo results in significant cardiac dysfunction and cell death. Genetic silencing of STC1 prevents AL-LC induced cardiotoxicity in cardiomyocytes and protects against AL-LC induced cell death and early mortality in zebrafish. The cardiotoxic effects of STC1 appears to be mediated via mitochondrial dysfunction as indicated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS production and increased mitochondrial calcium levels. Collectively, this work identifies STC1 as a critical determinant of AL-LC cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 431, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bironaite D, Westberg JA, Andersson LC, Venalis A. A variety of mild stresses upregulate stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) and induce mitohormesis in neural crest-derived cells. J Neurol Sci 2013; 329:38-44. [PMID: 23566487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We induced upregulation of stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) by various mild and long lasting stresses and assayed its influence on mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in the neural crest-derived cell line Paju. The obtained data showed that starvation (24-96 h), exposure to 10nM TPA, and low concentrations (0.05-1 μM) of As2O3 significantly (3-5 times) upregulated Paju cell STC-1 RNA and stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). However, high concentrations of As2O3 (2.5-5.0 μM) increased intracellular ROS and free calcium levels and, consequently, suppressed STC-1 and MMP. The results show that cells preconditioned by various mild stresses expressed more STC-1 and their MMP were more resistant to a secondary exposure to As2O3 (2.5-5 μM, 96 h) demonstrating mitohormesis. We suggest that MMP deviation from control levels, to an extent innocuous to cell viability, is a general signal for STC-1-induction and MMP-protection. Our findings of Paju cell MMP-regulation may be of great importance for inventing new ways to prevent neurodegenerative diseases and unravel the mechanisms behind drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva Bironaite
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Almon RR, Dubois DC, Sukumaran S, Wang X, Xue B, Nie J, Jusko WJ. Effects of high fat feeding on liver gene expression in diabetic goto-kakizaki rats. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:151-68. [PMID: 23236253 PMCID: PMC3516129 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s10371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effects of high fat diet (HFD) on obesity and, subsequently, on diabetes are highly variable and modulated by genetics in both humans and rodents. In this report, we characterized the response of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous polygenic model for lean diabetes and healthy Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls, to high fat feeding from weaning to 20 weeks of age. Animals fed either normal diet or HFD were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age and a wide array of physiological measurements were made along with gene expression profiling using Affymetrix gene array chips. Mining of the microarray data identified differentially regulated genes (involved in inflammation, metabolism, transcription regulation, and signaling) in diabetic animals, as well as the response of both strains to HFD. Functional annotation suggested that HFD increased inflammatory differences between the two strains. Chronic inflammation driven by heightened innate immune response was identified to be present in GK animals regardless of diet. In addition, compensatory mechanisms by which WKY animals on HFD resisted the development of diabetes were identified, thus illustrating the complexity of diabetes disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Almon
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences
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Zaidi D, Turner JK, Durst MA, Wagner GF. Stanniocalcin-1 co-localizes with insulin in the pancreatic islets. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:834359. [PMID: 23119181 PMCID: PMC3479999 DOI: 10.5402/2012/834359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The polypeptide hormone stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is widely expressed in mammals and signals both locally and systemically. In many tissues STC-1 ligand is sequestered by target cell organelles (mitochondria, nuclei, and cholesterol lipid droplets) to exert diverse biological effects. Most notably, STC-1 serves as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation in liver, muscle, and kidney mitochondria. The present paper describes the identification of STC-1 receptors in mouse pancreatic β cells and the discovery that the ligand co-localizes with insulin in pancreatic β cells. In situ hybridization (ISH) analysis subsequently revealed that pancreatic β cells were the source of the ligand. Intriguingly however, all ISH signal was localized over putative islet cell nuclei as opposed to the cell cytoplasm. Real-time qPCR and agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that the STC-1 amplicon generated from islet cell total RNA was the same size as that from kidney. However, relative levels of STC-1 gene expression were >100-fold lower in islets than those in kidney tissue. Collectively, these findings are indicative of a local STC-1 signalling pathway in pancreatic β cells. The role of STC-1 in this context remains to be established, but it could very well entail the regulation of β cell mitochondria membrane potential which is an integral aspect of regulated insulin release. Interestingly, STC-1 immunoreactivity was not evident in embryonic pancreatic islets, suggesting that ligand synthesis may only commence postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deenaz Zaidi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
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Prockop DJ, Oh JY. Medical therapies with adult stem/progenitor cells (MSCs): a backward journey from dramatic results in vivo to the cellular and molecular explanations. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1460-9. [PMID: 22213121 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is currently great interest in the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for the therapy of many diseases of animals and humans. However, we are still left with the serious challenges in explaining the beneficial effects of the cells. Hence, it is essential to work backward from dramatic results obtained in vivo to the cellular and molecular explanations in order to discover the secrets of MSCs. This review will focus on recent data that have changed the paradigms for understanding the therapeutic potentials of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin J Prockop
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine at Scott & White, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.
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Moreau JM, Iqbal W, Turner JK, Wagner GF, Ciriello J. Stanniocalcin-1 in the subfornical organ inhibits the dipsogenic response to angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 303:R921-8. [PMID: 22933020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00057.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, receptors for the calcium-regulating glycoprotein hormone stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) have been found within subfornical organ (SFO), a central structure involved in the regulation of electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis. However, whether SFO neurons produce STC-1 and how STC-1 may function in fluid homeostasis are not known. Two series of experiments were done in Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate whether STC-1 is expressed within SFO and whether it exerts an effect on water intake. In the first series, experiments were done to determine whether STC-1 was expressed within cells in SFO using immunohistochemistry, and whether protein and gene expression for STC-1 existed in SFO using Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Cells containing STC-1 immunoreactivity were found throughout the rostrocaudal extent of SFO. STC-1 protein expression within SFO was confirmed with Western blot, and SFO was also found to express STC-1 mRNA. In the second series, microinjections (200 nl) of STC-1, ANG II, a combination of the two or the vehicle were made into SFO in conscious, unrestrained rats. Water intake was measured at 0700 for a 1-h period after each injection in animals. Microinjections of STC-1 (17.6 or 176 nM) alone had no effect on water intake compared with controls. However, STC-1 not only attenuated the drinking responses to ANG II for about 30 min, but also decreased the total water intake over the 1-h period. These data suggest that STC-1 within the SFO may act in a paracrine/autocrine manner to modulate the neuronal responses to blood-borne ANG II. These findings also provide the first direct evidence of a physiological role for STC-1 in central regulation of body fluid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Moreau
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Univ. of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5C1.
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Ching LY, Yeung BHY, Wong CKC. Synergistic effect of p53 on TSA-induced stanniocalcin 1 expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, CNE2. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 48:241-50. [PMID: 22493143 DOI: 10.1530/jme-11-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) has recently been identified as a putative protein factor involved in cellular apoptosis. The use of histone deacetylase inhibitor (i.e. trichostatin A (TSA)) and doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the common treatment methods to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. A study on TSA and Dox-mediated apoptosis may shed light on the regulation and function of STC1 in cancer treatment. In this study, TSA and Dox cotreatment in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE2) elicited synergistic effects on STC1 gene expression and cellular apoptosis. An activation of p53 (TP53) transcriptional activity in Dox- or Dox+TSA-treated cells was revealed by the increased expression levels of p53 mRNA/protein as well as p53-driven luciferase activities. To elucidate the possible involvement of p53 in STC1 gene transcription, a vector expressing wild-type or dominant negative (DN) p53 was transiently transfected into the cells. Both STC1 promoter luciferase constructs and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays did not support the direct role of p53 in STC1 gene transactivation. However, the synergistic effects of p53 on the induction of NF-κB phosphorylation and the recruitment of acetylated histone H3 in STC1 promoter were observed in TSA-cotreated cells. The overexpression of exogenous STC1 sensitized apoptosis in Dox-treated cells. Taken together, this study provides data to show the cross talk of NF-κB, p53, and histone protein in the regulation of STC1 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Ching
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Liu D, Huang L, Wang Y, Wang W, Wehrens XH, Belousova T, Abdelrahim M, DiMattia G, Sheikh-Hamad D. Human stanniocalcin-1 suppresses angiotensin II-induced superoxide generation in cardiomyocytes through UCP3-mediated anti-oxidant pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36994. [PMID: 22693564 PMCID: PMC3365029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale We have previously shown increased cardiac stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. STC1 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and transgenic over-expression of STC1 is associated with increased energy utilization. Objective We examined the hypothesis that STC1 uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation - to suppress superoxide generation and modulate neurohormonal effects on cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results Compared to WT mouse heart, STC1 Tg heart displays: 2-fold higher uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) levels, but no effect on UCP2 protein; 40% lower ATP levels; but similar activities of respiratory chain complexes I-IV. In cultured adult rat and freshly-isolated mouse cardiomyocytes, rSTC1 induces UCP3, but not UCP2. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with STC1 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and suppresses baseline and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide generation. Furthermore, baseline superoxide generation is higher in freshly-isolated adult UCP3−/− mouse cardiomyocytes compared to WT, suggesting an important role for UCP3 in regulating cardiomyocyte ROS under physiologic conditions. Treatment of UCP3−/− cardiomyocytes with rSTC1 failed to suppress superoxide generation, suggesting that the effects of STC1 on superoxide generation in cardiomyocytes are UCP3-dependent. Conclusion STC1 activates a novel anti-oxidant pathway in cardiac myocytes through induction of UCP3, and may play an important role in suppressing ROS in the heart under normal physiologic conditions and ameliorate the deleterious effects of Ang II-mediated cardiac injury. Importantly, our data point to a critical role for the mitochondria in regulating ROS generation in response to Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Liu
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luping Huang
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DSH); (LH)
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Belousova
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gabriel DiMattia
- Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Sheikh-Hamad
- Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DSH); (LH)
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Ciriello J, Oiamo T, Moreau J, Turner J, Wagner G. Effects of the calcium-regulating glycoprotein hormone stanniocalcin-1 within the nucleus of the solitary tract on arterial pressure and the baroreceptor reflex. Neuroscience 2012; 207:88-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Yeung BHY, Law AYS, Wong CKC. Evolution and roles of stanniocalcin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 349:272-80. [PMID: 22115958 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In fish, stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a key endocrine factor that acts on gill, intestine and kidney to regulate serum calcium and phosphate homeostasis. The recent identification and study of mammalian STCs (STC1 and STC2) revealed that the hormones are made in virtually all tissues and they act primarily as paracrine/autocrine factors to regulate various biological functions. Based on their ubiquitous expression patterns and generally undetectable levels in blood serum, it is unlikely that the mammalian STCs play important roles in serum Ca(2+)/P(i) homeostasis. However current evidences still support the local action of STCs in Ca(2+) and P(i) transport, probably via their action on Ca(2+)-channels and Na(+)/P(i) co-transporter. At present, information about the sequence, expression and distribution of the STC receptor(s) is lacking. However, recent emerging evidence hints the involvement of STC1 and STC2 in the sub-cellular functions of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum respectively, particularly responding to oxidative stress and unfolded protein response. With increasing evidence that demonstrates the local actions of STCs, the focus of the research has been moved to cellular inflammation and carcinogenesis. This review integrates the information available on STCs in fish and mammals, focusing mainly on their embryonic origin, tissue distribution, their potential regulatory mechanisms and the modes of action, and their physiological and pathophysiological functions, particularly in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Y Yeung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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Richards TDJ, Fenton AL, Syed R, Wagner GF. Characterization of stanniocalcin-1 receptors in the rainbow trout. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2012:257841. [PMID: 22474594 PMCID: PMC3302014 DOI: 10.5402/2012/257841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is one of several ligands targeted to mitochondria. High affinity STC-1 receptors are present on the mitochondrial membranes of nephron cells, myocytes, and hepatocytes, to enable ligand sequestration within the matrix. However, STC-1 receptors have not been characterized in fish. Nor is it known if mitochondrial targeting occurs in fish. The aim of the study was to address these questions. Saturation binding assays were carried out to obtain estimates of KD
and
Bmax. They revealed the presence of saturable, high-affinity receptors on both membranes and mitochondria of liver, muscle, and gill filament. In situ ligand binding (ISLB) was used to localize receptors at the histological level and revealed some unexpected findings. In cranium, for instance, receptors were found mainly in the cartilage matrix, as opposed to the chondrocytes. In brain, the majority of receptors were located on neuropil areas as opposed to neuronal cell bodies. In skeletal muscle, receptors were confined to periodic striations, tentatively identified as the Z lines. Receptors were even found on STC-1 producing corpuscles of Stannius cells, raising the possibility of there being an autocrine feedback loop or, perhaps, a soluble binding protein that is released with the ligand to regulate its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D J Richards
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
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Schein V, Cardoso JCR, Pinto PIS, Anjos L, Silva N, Power DM, Canário AVM. Four stanniocalcin genes in teleost fish: structure, phylogenetic analysis, tissue distribution and expression during hypercalcemic challenge. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 175:344-56. [PMID: 22154646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin (STC), first isolated from the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) of teleost fishes and a systemic regulator of mineral metabolism, is present in all vertebrates as two isoforms, STC1 and STC2, encoded by separate genes. Here we show that the genome of Tetraodon nigroviridis, and other teleosts, possess duplicate genes for each STC isoform, designated stc1-a and -b, and stc2-a and -b. Stc1-a was cloned from CS, stc2-a from muscle and the two novel cDNAs, stc1-b and stc2-b, from brain. However, stc2-b was isolated as a conjoined (read-through) transcript with bod1 (bi-orientation defective 1, or FAM44B), and two additional alternative conjoined transcripts were also isolated. The predicted STC products shared the typical vertebrate 10 conserved cysteine residues and N-linked glycosylation motifs, in addition to specific features. Gene structure was generally conserved with four exons and three introns with the exception of stc1-a which gained an extra intron in exon three, originating one extra exon. Gene order and synteny is also maintained across vertebrates and the cpeb4 gene identified in the homologue region of the chordate Ciona was linked to vertebrate stc2 but not stc1. Immunohistochemistry in different species revealed that STC1-A was found only in CS and in a few cells in kidney. STC1-B had a restricted expression and was more prominent in the gills. STC2-A was detected in a variety of tissues, including pituitary, with most abundant immunoreaction in kidney cells and gill rakers and the CS was negative. Expression of stc1-a in CS of Tetraodon was 15-fold (p<0.05) up-regulated 2 h after transfer from 2.9 mM Ca(2+) to 10 mM Ca(2+) water and down-regulated after 12 hours to 11-fold lower than 2.9 mM Ca(2+) fish (p<0.05). With the exception of stc1-a in CS, low expression levels and high individual variation were generally found for the expression of stc transcripts in kidney and gills, with no statistically significant changes in response to the hypercalcemic shock. In conclusion, both stc1 and stc2 genes are represented by paralogues in teleosts genomes and the analysis performed suggests that only stc1-a in the CS is involved in extracellular calcium regulation. The widespread distribution of stcs in fish tissues supports pleiotropic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schein
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR-CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Mesenchymal stromal cells protect cancer cells from ROS-induced apoptosis and enhance the Warburg effect by secreting STC1. Mol Ther 2011; 20:417-23. [PMID: 22146344 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) enhance cell survival through upregulation and secretion of stanniocalcin-1 (STC1). This study shows that MSC-derived STC1 promotes survival of lung cancer cells by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and shifting metabolism towards a more glycolytic metabolic profile. MSC-derived STC1 upregulated uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in injured A549 cells in an STC1-dependent manner. Knockdown of UCP2 reduced the ability of MSCs and recombinant STC1 (rSTC1) to reduce cell death in the A549 population. rSTC1-treated A549 cells displayed decreased levels of ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and increased lactate production, all of which were dependent on the upregulation of UCP2. Our data suggest that MSCs can promote cell survival by regulating mitochondrial respiration via STC1.
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Noncanonical intracrine action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:435-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Protein kinase Cα suppresses the expression of STC1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:1023-30. [PMID: 21720730 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms have been shown to influence different cellular processes that may contribute to the malignancy of breast cancer cells. To obtain insight into mechanisms mediating the PKC effects, global gene expression was analyzed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in which PKCα, PKCδ or PKCε had been down-regulated with siRNA. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that hypoxia-induced genes were enriched among genes that increased in PKCα-down-regulated cells. The STC1 mRNA, encoding stanniocalcin 1, was particularly up-regulated following depletion of PKCα and was also induced by hypoxia. Both hypoxia and PKCα down-regulation also led to increased STC1 protein levels. The results demonstrate that PKCα suppresses the expression of STC1 in breast cancer cells.
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Westberg JA, Jiang J, Andersson LC. Stanniocalcin 1 binds hemin through a partially conserved heme regulatory motif. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:266-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Baioni L, Basini G, Bussolati S, Grasselli F. Stanniocalcin 1 affects redox status of swine granulosa cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 168:45-9. [PMID: 21419174 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a glycoprotein hormone expressed in different mammalian tissues. In previous studies, we showed STC1 expression in swine ovarian follicles and we demonstrated that STC1 may be a physiological regulator of follicular function. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signal transducers in the ovary, the present study was undertaken to investigate STC1 action on ROS generation and on the activity of the major enzymatic and non-enzymatic scavengers in swine granulosa cells. O(2)- generation, catalase activity and FRAP levels were increased by STC1, whereas H(2)O(2) generation and peroxidase activity were decreased by STC1. Taken together, our data show that STC1 modulates redox status in swine granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baioni
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Biotecnologie Veterinarie, Qualità e Sicurezza degli Alimenti, Sezione di Fisiologia Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
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Kikuchi M, Nakano Y, Nambo Y, Haneda S, Matsui M, Miyake Y, Macleod JN, Nagaoka K, Imakawa K. Production of calcium maintenance factor Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) by the equine endometrium during the early pregnant period. J Reprod Dev 2010; 57:203-11. [PMID: 21139325 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.10-079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A factor responsible for progression to pregnancy establishment in the mare has not been definitively characterized. To identify factors possibly involved in the establishment of equine pregnancy, the endometrium was collected from day 13 (day 0=day of ovulation) cyclic and day 13, 19 and 25 pregnant animals. From initial subtractive hybridization studies, a calcium regulating factor, Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) mRNA, was found as a candidate molecule expressed uniquely in the pregnant endometrium. Endometrial expression of STC1 mRNA was noted on day 19 and was markedly increased in the day 25 gravid endometrium. STC1 protein was found in the extracts of day 25 gravid endometrium and immunochemically localized in the uterine glands. In addition, STC1 protein was detected in uterine flushing media collected from day 25 pregnant mares. High concentrations of estradiol-17 β (E(2)) were detected in day 25 conceptuses. E(2) levels were much higher in the gravid endometrium than in other regions, whereas progesterone levels did not differ among the samples from different endometrial regions. Expression of STC1 mRNA, however, was not significantly upregulated in cultured endometrial explants treated with various concentrations of E(2) (0.01-100 ng/ml) with or without 10 ng/ml progesterone. These results indicate that an increase in STC1 expression appears to coincide with capsule disappearance in the conceptus, and suggest that STC1 from the uterine glands likely plays a role in conceptus development during the pregnancy establishment period in the mare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kikuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Stanniocalcin-1 detection of peripheral blood in patients with colorectal cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-010-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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dos Santos MT, Trindade DM, Gonçalves KDA, Bressan GC, Anastassopoulos F, Yunes JA, Kobarg J. Human stanniocalcin-1 interacts with nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and acts as a SUMO E3 ligase. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 7:180-93. [PMID: 21042649 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a glycoprotein that has been implicated in different physiological process, including angiogenesis, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Here we identified STC1 as a putative molecular marker for the leukemic bone marrow microenvironment and identified new interacting protein partners for STC1. Seven selected interactions retrieved from yeast two-hybrid screens were confirmed by GST-pull down assays in vitro. The N-terminal region was mapped to be the region that mediates the interaction with cytoplasmic, mitochondrial and nuclear proteins. STC1 interacts with SUMO-1 and several proteins that have been shown to be SUMOylated and localized to SUMOylation related nuclear bodies. Although STC1 interacts with SUMO-1 and has a high theoretical prediction score for a SUMOylation site, endogenous co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro SUMOylation assays with the purified recombinant protein could not detect STC1 SUMOylation. However, when we tested STC1 for SUMO E3 ligase activity, we found in an in vitro assay, that it significantly increases the SUMOylation of two other proteins. Confocal microscopic subcellular localization studies using both transfected cells and specific antibodies for endogenous STC1 revealed a cytoplasmic and nuclear deposition, the latter in the form of some specific dot-like substructure resembling SUMOylation related nuclear bodies. Together, these findings suggest a new role for STC1 in SUMOylation pathways, in nuclear bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Tadeu dos Santos
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro 10.000, CP6192, 13084-971 Campinas, SP, Brasil.
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