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Feldt-Rasmussen U, Effraimidis G, Bliddal S, Klose M. Consequences of undertreatment of hypothyroidism. Endocrine 2024; 84:301-308. [PMID: 37556077 PMCID: PMC11076368 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide an overview of consequences of undertreatment with levothyroxine (LT4) in the common non-communicable disease, hypothyroidism. METHODS Narrative review of the literature. RESULTS Hypothyroidism is globally very prevalent at all age groups and represents a non-communicable disease in which the risks and consequences are preventable. In children and adolescents, the most devastating consequences of undertreatment are poor growth and development. Lack of early treatment in congenital hypothyroidism can lead to permanent damage of brain function. In young to middle-aged adults, consequences are often overlooked, and treatment delayed by many years. The resulting consequences are also at this age group compromised brain and physical functioning but less severe and partly reversible with treatment. The undertreated condition often results in a higher risk of several secondary devastating diseases such as increased cardiovascular disease burden, obesity, hypertension, poor physical capacity, poor quality of life. In young women of fertile age the consequences of undertreatment with LT4 are subnormal fertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, compromised fetal growth and neurocognitive development. There is a further risk of 30-50% of developing postpartum thyroiditis. In the elderly population care must be given to avoid confusing a slightly high serum TSH as result of physiological age adaptation with a requirement for LT4 treatment in a truly hypothyroid patient. CONCLUSION Undertreatment of the preventable non-communicable disease hypothyroidism requires more focus both from caretakers in the healthcare system, but also from the global political systems in order to prevent the personally devastating and socioeconomically challenging consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Clinical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Grigoris Effraimidis
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Larissa University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofie Bliddal
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Klose
- Department of Medical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kim HS, Jang S, Kim J. Genome-Wide Integrative Transcriptional Profiling Identifies Age-Associated Signatures in Dogs. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1131. [PMID: 37372311 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals experience similar stages of embryonic development, birth, infancy, youth, adolescence, maturity, and senescence. While embryonic developmental processes have been extensively researched, many molecular mechanisms regulating the different life stages after birth, such as aging, remain unresolved. We investigated the conserved and global molecular transitions in transcriptional remodeling with age in dogs of 15 breeds, which revealed that genes underlying hormone level regulation and developmental programs were differentially regulated during aging. Subsequently, we show that the candidate genes associated with tumorigenesis also exhibit age-dependent DNA methylation patterns, which might have contributed to the tumor state through inhibiting the plasticity of cell differentiation processes during aging, and ultimately suggesting the molecular events that link the processes of aging and cancer. These results highlight that the rate of age-related transcriptional remodeling is influenced not only by the lifespan, but also by the timing of critical physiological milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Jang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Oka K, Yamakawa M, Kawamura Y, Kutsukake N, Miura K. The Naked Mole-Rat as a Model for Healthy Aging. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2023; 11:207-226. [PMID: 36318672 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-050322-074744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest-lived rodents with a maximum life span exceeding 37 years. They exhibit a delayed aging phenotype and resistance to age-related functional decline/diseases. Specifically, they do not display increased mortality with age, maintain several physiological functions until nearly the end of their lifetime, and rarely develop cancer and Alzheimer's disease. NMRs live in a hypoxic environment in underground colonies in East Africa and are highly tolerant of hypoxia. These unique characteristics of NMRs have attracted considerable interest from zoological and biomedical researchers. This review summarizes previous studies of the ecology, hypoxia tolerance, longevity/delayed aging, and cancer resistance of NMRs and discusses possible mechanisms contributing to their healthy aging. In addition, we discuss current issues and future perspectives to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying delayed aging and resistance to age-related diseases in NMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oka
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , ,
| | - Masanori Yamakawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan; ,
| | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , ,
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan; , .,Research Center for Integrative Evolutionary Science, Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; , , .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Sinkó R, Mohácsik P, Kővári D, Penksza V, Wittmann G, Mácsai L, Fonseca TL, Bianco AC, Fekete C, Gereben B. Different Hypothalamic Mechanisms Control Decreased Circulating Thyroid Hormone Levels in Infection and Fasting-Induced Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome in Male Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mice. Thyroid 2023; 33:109-118. [PMID: 36322711 PMCID: PMC9885537 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS) caused by infection or fasting is hallmarked by reduced circulating thyroid hormone (TH) levels. To better understand the role of local TH-action in the development of NTIS, we assessed tissue-specific changes of TH signaling in Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator (THAI) mice. Methods: NTIS was induced in young adult THAI mice by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-administration or by 24 or 48 hours' fasting. Tissue-specific TH-action was assessed by the detection of changes of the Luciferase reporter of THAI mice with quantitative polymerase chain reaction along with tissue-specific examination of regulators of TH metabolism and signaling. Age dependence of revealed alterations of hypothalamic TH-action was also studied in 1-year-old male THAI mice. Results: LPS-treatment increased TH-action in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus-median eminence (ARC-ME) region preceded by an increase of type 2 deiodinase (D2) expression in the same region and followed by the suppression of proTrh expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). In contrast, LPS decreased both TH-action and D2 activity in the pituitary at both ages. Tshβ expression and serum free thyroxine (fT4) and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels decreased in LPS-treated young adults. Tshβ expression and serum fT4 levels were not significantly affected by LPS treatment in aged animals. In contrast to LPS treatment, TH-action remained unchanged in the ARC-ME of 24 and 48 hours fasted animals accompanied with a modest decrease of proTrh expression in the PVN in the 24-hour group. Tshβ expression and fT3 level were decreased in both fasted groups, but the fT4 decreased only in the 48 hours fasted animals. Conclusions: Although the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is inhibited both in LPS and fasting-induced NTIS, LPS achieves this by centrally inducing local hyperthyroidism in the ARC-ME region, while fasting acts without affecting hypothalamic TH signaling. Lack of downregulation of Tshβ and fT4 in LPS-treated aged THAI mice suggests age-dependent alterations in the responsiveness of the HPT axis. The LPS-induced tissue-specific hypo-, eu-, and hyperthyroidism in different tissues of the same animal indicate that under certain conditions TH levels alone could be a poor marker of tissue TH signaling. In conclusion, decreased circulating TH levels in these two forms of NTIS are associated with different patterns of hypothalamic TH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richárd Sinkó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai PhD School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Mohácsik
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kővári
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Penksza
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Wittmann
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Mácsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tatiana L. Fonseca
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Metabolism, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Serrano Nájera G, Kin K. Unusual occurrence of domestication syndrome amongst African mole-rats: Is the naked mole-rat a domestic animal? Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.987177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Naked mole-rat (NMR) is becoming a prominent model organism due to its peculiar traits, such as eusociality, extreme longevity, cancer resistance, and reduced pain sensitivity. It belongs to the African mole-rats (AMR), a family of subterranean rodents that includes solitary, cooperative breeding and eusocial species. We identified and quantified the domestication syndrome (DS) across AMR, a set of morphological and behavioural traits significantly more common and pronounced amongst domesticated animals than in their wild counterparts. Surprisingly, the NMR shows apparent DS traits when compared to the solitary AMR. Animals can self-domesticate when a reduction of the fear response is naturally selected, such as in islands with no predators, or to improve the group’s harmony in cooperative breeding species. The DS may be caused by alterations in the physiology of the neural crest cells (NCC), a transient population of cells that generate a full range of tissues during development. The NCC contribute to organs responsible for transmitting the fear response and various other tissues, including craniofacial bones. Therefore, mutations affecting the NCC can manifest as behavioural and morphological alterations in many structures across the body, as seen in neurocristopathies. We observed that all social AMRs are chisel-tooth diggers, an adaption to hard soils that requires the flattening of the skull. We hypothesise that chisel-tooth digging could impose a selective pressure on the NCC that triggered the DS’s appearance, possibly facilitating the evolution of sociality. Finally, we discuss how DS traits are neutral or beneficial for the subterranean niche, strategies to test this hypothesis and report well-studied mutations in the NMR that are associated with the NCC physiology or with the control of the fear response. In conclusion, we argue that many of the NMR’s unconventional traits are compatible with the DS and provide a hypothesis about its origins. Our model proposes a novel avenue to enhance the understanding of the extraordinary biology of the NMR.
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Yao Y, He GY, Wu XJ, Wang CP, Luo XB, Zhao Y, Long Y. Association between environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate and serum α-Klotho levels among adults from the National Health and nutrition examination survey (2007–2014). BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:740. [PMID: 36096772 PMCID: PMC9465863 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Aging is a pathophysiological process driven by a diverse set of complex biological processes, and environmental pollution plays an important role in this process. This study aimed to explore the association between serum α-Klotho levels and urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate levels. Methods This secondary dataset analysis included 4875 participants (mean age, 57.69 year; male, 49.58%; non-Hispanic White, 47.67%) from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2014). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify α-Klotho levels, and ion chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify thiocyanate, nitrate, and perchlorate levels. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to estimate the association between perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate levels and serum α-Klotho levels. Results Urinary thiocyanate levels were negatively associated with α-Klotho levels (β = − 0.006; 95% confidence interval, − 0.010 to − 0.003; P = 0.0004) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, race, alcohol consumption, estimated glomerular filtration rate, underlying disease, physical activity, smoking status, usual energy intake, and urinary creatinine and serum cotinine levels and mutual adjustment of urinary perchlorate, urinary nitrate, and urinary thiocyanate levels. The α-Klotho level in participants in the highest quartile was higher by 50.567 ng/mL (β = 50.567; 95% confidence interval, 14.407 to 86.726; P = 0.009) than that in participants in the lowest quartile of urinary perchlorate. A linear relationship was observed between urinary thiocyanate and α-Klotho levels. Conclusions Urinary thiocyanate levels were negatively associated with serum α-Klotho levels. Urinary thiocyanate should be further investigated as a potential mediator of aging and age-related diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03444-2.
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7
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Freire Jorge P, Goodwin ML, Renes MH, Nijsten MW, Pamenter M. Low Cancer Incidence in Naked Mole-Rats May Be Related to Their Inability to Express the Warburg Effect. Front Physiol 2022; 13:859820. [PMID: 35600297 PMCID: PMC9114474 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.859820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility in mammals enables stressed tissues to generate additional ATP by converting large amounts of glucose into lactic acid; however, this process can cause transient local or systemic acidosis. Certain mammals are adapted to extreme environments and are capable of enhanced metabolic flexibility as a specialized adaptation to challenging habitat niches. For example, naked mole-rats (NMRs) are a fossorial and hypoxia-tolerant mammal whose metabolic responses to environmental stressors markedly differ from most other mammals. When exposed to hypoxia, NMRs exhibit robust hypometabolism but develop minimal acidosis. Furthermore, and despite a very long lifespan relative to other rodents, NMRs have a remarkably low cancer incidence. Most advanced cancers in mammals display increased production of lactic acid from glucose, irrespective of oxygen availability. This hallmark of cancer is known as the Warburg effect (WE). Most malignancies acquire this metabolic phenotype during their somatic evolution, as the WE benefits tumor growth in several ways. We propose that the peculiar metabolism of the NMR makes development of the WE inherently difficult, which might contribute to the extraordinarily low cancer rate in NMRs. Such an adaptation of NMRs to their subterranean environment may have been facilitated by modified biochemical responses with a stronger inhibition of the production of CO2 and lactic acid by a decreased extracellular pH. Since this pH-inhibition could be deeply hard-wired in their metabolic make-up, it may be difficult for malignant cells in NMRs to acquire the WE-phenotype that facilitates cancer growth in other mammals. In the present commentary, we discuss this idea and propose experimental tests of our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Freire Jorge
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Pedro Freire Jorge,
| | - Matthew L. Goodwin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maurits H. Renes
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Maarten W. Nijsten
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Pamenter
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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8
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Buffenstein R, Amoroso V, Andziak B, Avdieiev S, Azpurua J, Barker AJ, Bennett NC, Brieño‐Enríquez MA, Bronner GN, Coen C, Delaney MA, Dengler‐Crish CM, Edrey YH, Faulkes CG, Frankel D, Friedlander G, Gibney PA, Gorbunova V, Hine C, Holmes MM, Jarvis JUM, Kawamura Y, Kutsukake N, Kenyon C, Khaled WT, Kikusui T, Kissil J, Lagestee S, Larson J, Lauer A, Lavrenchenko LA, Lee A, Levitt JB, Lewin GR, Lewis Hardell KN, Lin TD, Mason MJ, McCloskey D, McMahon M, Miura K, Mogi K, Narayan V, O'Connor TP, Okanoya K, O'Riain MJ, Park TJ, Place NJ, Podshivalova K, Pamenter ME, Pyott SJ, Reznick J, Ruby JG, Salmon AB, Santos‐Sacchi J, Sarko DK, Seluanov A, Shepard A, Smith M, Storey KB, Tian X, Vice EN, Viltard M, Watarai A, Wywial E, Yamakawa M, Zemlemerova ED, Zions M, Smith ESJ. The naked truth: a comprehensive clarification and classification of current 'myths' in naked mole-rat biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:115-140. [PMID: 34476892 PMCID: PMC9277573 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has fascinated zoologists for at least half a century. It has also generated considerable biomedical interest not only because of its extraordinary longevity, but also because of unusual protective features (e.g. its tolerance of variable oxygen availability), which may be pertinent to several human disease states, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. A recent article entitled 'Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole-rat biology' described 28 'myths' which, those authors claimed, are a 'perpetuation of beautiful, but falsified, hypotheses' and impede our understanding of this enigmatic mammal. Here, we re-examine each of these 'myths' based on evidence published in the scientific literature. Following Braude et al., we argue that these 'myths' fall into four main categories: (i) 'myths' that would be better described as oversimplifications, some of which persist solely in the popular press; (ii) 'myths' that are based on incomplete understanding, where more evidence is clearly needed; (iii) 'myths' where the accumulation of evidence over the years has led to a revision in interpretation, but where there is no significant disagreement among scientists currently working in the field; (iv) 'myths' where there is a genuine difference in opinion among active researchers, based on alternative interpretations of the available evidence. The term 'myth' is particularly inappropriate when applied to competing, evidence-based hypotheses, which form part of the normal evolution of scientific knowledge. Here, we provide a comprehensive critical review of naked mole-rat biology and attempt to clarify some of these misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Amoroso
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - Blazej Andziak
- Graduate Center City University of New York365 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY10016U.S.A.
| | | | - Jorge Azpurua
- Department of AnesthesiologyStony Brook University101 Nicolls RoadStony BrookNY11794U.S.A.
| | - Alison J. Barker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineRobert‐Rössle‐Str 10Berlin‐Buch13092Germany
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa
| | - Miguel A. Brieño‐Enríquez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive MedicineMagee‐Womens Research Institute204 Craft AvenuePittsburghPA15213U.S.A.
| | - Gary N. Bronner
- Department Biological SciencesRondeboschCape Town7701South Africa
| | - Clive Coen
- Reproductive Neurobiology, Division of Women's HealthSchool of Medicine, King's College LondonWestminster Bridge RoadLondonSE1 7EHU.K.
| | - Martha A. Delaney
- Zoological Pathology ProgramUniversity of Illinois3505 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Building, 2001 S Lincoln AvenueUrbanaIL6180U.S.A.
| | - Christine M. Dengler‐Crish
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical University4209 State Route 44RootstownOH44272U.S.A.
| | - Yael H. Edrey
- Northwest Vista College3535 N. Ellison DriveSan AntonioTX78251U.S.A.
| | - Chris G. Faulkes
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSU.K.
| | - Daniel Frankel
- School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityMerz CourtNewcastle Upon TyneNE1 7RUU.K.
| | - Gerard Friedlander
- Université Paris DescartesFaculté de Médecine12 Rue de l'École de MédecineParis5006France
| | - Patrick A. Gibney
- Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY14853U.S.A.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of BiologyUniversity of Rochester402 Hutchison HallRochesterNY14627U.S.A.
| | - Christopher Hine
- Cleveland ClinicLerner Research Institute9500 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH44195U.S.A.
| | - Melissa M. Holmes
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toronto Mississauga3359 Mississauga Road NorthMississaugaONL5L 1C6Canada
| | | | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto University1‐1‐1 HonjoKumamoto860‐0811Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of BiosystemsThe Graduate University for Advanced StudiesHayama240‐0193Japan
| | - Cynthia Kenyon
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Walid T. Khaled
- The School of the Biological SciencesUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDU.K.
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamihara252‐5201Japan
| | - Joseph Kissil
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteScripps FloridaJupiterFL33458U.S.A.
| | - Samantha Lagestee
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - John Larson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - Amanda Lauer
- Department of OtolaryngologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205U.S.A.
| | - Leonid A. Lavrenchenko
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesLeninskii pr. 33Moscow119071Russia
| | - Angela Lee
- Graduate Center City University of New York365 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY10016U.S.A.
| | - Jonathan B. Levitt
- Biology DepartmentThe City College of New York138th Street and Convent AvenueNew YorkNY10031U.S.A.
| | - Gary R. Lewin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineRobert‐Rössle‐Str 10Berlin‐Buch13092Germany
| | | | - TzuHua D. Lin
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Matthew J. Mason
- The School of the Biological SciencesUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDU.K.
| | - Dan McCloskey
- College of Staten Island in the City University of New York2800 Victory BlvdStaten IslandNY10314U.S.A.
| | - Mary McMahon
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto University1‐1‐1 HonjoKumamoto860‐0811Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamihara252‐5201Japan
| | - Vikram Narayan
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | | | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Department of Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoTokyo153‐8902Japan
| | | | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - Ned J. Place
- Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY14853U.S.A.
| | - Katie Podshivalova
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | | | - Sonja J. Pyott
- Groningen Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity Medical CenterPostbus 30.001GroningenRB9700The Netherlands
| | - Jane Reznick
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University Hospital CologneJoseph‐Stelzmann‐Street 26Cologne50931Germany
| | - J. Graham Ruby
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Adam B. Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center4939 Charles Katz Dr.San AntonioTX78229U.S.A.
| | - Joseph Santos‐Sacchi
- Department of NeuroscienceYale University School of Medicine200 South Frontage Road, SHM C‐303New HavenCT06510U.S.A.
| | - Diana K. Sarko
- Department of AnatomySchool of Medicine, Southern Illinois University975 S. NormalCarbondaleIL62901U.S.A.
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of BiologyUniversity of Rochester402 Hutchison HallRochesterNY14627U.S.A.
| | - Alyssa Shepard
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteScripps FloridaJupiterFL33458U.S.A.
| | - Megan Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of BiologyCarleton University1125 Colonel By DriveOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada
| | - Xiao Tian
- Department of Genetics – Blavatnik InstituteHarvard Medical School77 Avenue Louis PasteurBostonMA02115U.S.A.
| | - Emily N. Vice
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - Mélanie Viltard
- Fondation pour la recherche en PhysiologieUniversité Catholique de LouvainClos Chapelle‐aux‐Champs 30Woluwe‐saint Lambert1200Belgium
| | - Akiyuki Watarai
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamihara252‐5201Japan
| | - Ewa Wywial
- Biology DepartmentThe City College of New York138th Street and Convent AvenueNew YorkNY10031U.S.A.
| | - Masanori Yamakawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of BiosystemsThe Graduate University for Advanced StudiesHayama240‐0193Japan
| | - Elena D. Zemlemerova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesLeninskii pr. 33Moscow119071Russia
| | - Michael Zions
- Graduate Center City University of New York365 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY10016U.S.A.
| | - Ewan St. John Smith
- The School of the Biological SciencesUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDU.K.
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9
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Martini S, Petermeise S, Henkel M, Weiß S, Schaupp A, Ferrari U, Schmidmaier R, Drey M. Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography Derived Muscle Density Is Associated With Physical Performance in Older Adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 97:104512. [PMID: 34481136 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The assessment of body composition is an integral part in diagnosing sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)-derived measures of body composition and measures of physical performance in older adults. METHODS Muscle density, muscle area, and fat area of 168 patients aged 65 years and older (76.3±6.5) were measured with pQCT at the distal forearm additionally to clinical assessment consisting of medical history, physical examination and physical assessment including hand grip strength, gait speed and chair rise tests. Regression analyses assessed associations between patients' physical performance and pQCT derived data. RESULTS Among the three pQCT parameters, especially muscle density was significantly correlated with all of the three measures of physical performance even after adjusting for sex, age, BMI, vitamin D serum level and the level of physical activity. The same analysis for muscle area achieved significance level only for handgrip strength but not for gait speed nor for chair rise time. Fat area was significantly correlated only with gait speed after adjusting for sex and age. The association of muscle density with physical performance held up in an additional subanalysis stratified by body mass index. CONCLUSION Muscle density, a proxy for muscle fat infiltration, seems to be better than muscle area or fat area at assessing muscle quality and physical performance in older adults. This association seems to be independent of the body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Martini
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Sophie Petermeise
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Michaela Henkel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weiß
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Anna Schaupp
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Uta Ferrari
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmidmaier
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Endokrinologie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Michael Drey
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, LMU Klinikum München, Bavaria, Germany
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10
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The Idiosyncratic Physiological Traits of the Naked Mole-Rat; a Resilient Animal Model of Aging, Longevity, and Healthspan. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:221-254. [PMID: 34424518 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The subterranean-dwelling naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is an extremophilic rodent, able to thrive in the harsh underground conditions of sub-Saharan Northeast Africa. This pelage-free mammal exhibits numerous unusual ecophysiological features including pronounced tolerance of thermolability, hypoxia, hypercapnia and noxious substances. As a mammal, the naked mole-rat provides a proof-of-concept that age-related changes in physiology are avoidable. At ages far beyond their expected lifespans given both their body size and/or the timing of early developmental milestones, naked mole-rats fail to exhibit meaningful changes in physiological health or demographic mortality. Lack of physiological deterioration with age is also evident in lean and fat mass, bone quality, and reproductive capacity. Rather, regardless of age, under basal conditions naked mole-rats appear to "idle on low" with their "shields up" as is manifested by low body temperature, metabolic rate, cardiac output and kidney concentrating ability, enabling better protection of organs and cellular function. When needed, they can nevertheless ramp up these functions, increasing cardiac output and metabolism 2-5 fold. Here we review many unusual aspects of their physiology and examine how these attributes facilitate both tolerance of the diverse suite of hostile conditions encountered in their natural milieu as well as contribute to their extraordinary longevity and resistance to common, age-related chronic diseases.
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11
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Dorling JL, van Vliet S, Huffman KM, Kraus WE, Bhapkar M, Pieper CF, Stewart T, Das SK, Racette SB, Roberts SB, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Martin CK. Effects of caloric restriction on human physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes: highlights from CALERIE phase 2. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:98-113. [PMID: 32940695 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a strategy that attenuates aging in multiple nonhuman species. The Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) trials are part of a research program aiming to test the effects of CR on aging and longevity biomarkers in humans. Building on CALERIE phase 1, CALERIE phase 2 (CALERIE 2) was the largest study to date to assess sustained CR in healthy humans without obesity. In a 24-month randomized controlled trial comprising 218 participants at baseline, CALERIE 2 showed that moderate CR, 11.9% on average, induced improvements in aging-related biomarkers without adversely affecting psychological or behavioral outcomes. The objectives of this report are to summarize and review the highlights of CALERIE 2 and report previously unpublished results on eating disorder symptoms and cognitive function. This article specifically summarizes the physiological, psychological, aging, behavioral, and safety results of the trial. Also provided are research directions beyond CALERIE 2 that highlight important opportunities to investigate the role of CR in aging, longevity, and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Dorling
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Kim M Huffman
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Carl F Pieper
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiffany Stewart
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- US Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan B Racette
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan B Roberts
- US Department of Agriculture, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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12
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Ren B, Wan S, Liu L, Qu M, Wu H, Shen H. Distributions of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in 2020 thyroid disease-free adults from areas with different iodine levels: a cross-sectional survey in China. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1001-1010. [PMID: 32816248 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to describe the distributions of serum thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in thyroid disease-free adults from areas with different iodine levels in China. Meanwhile, we aimed to evaluate the influence of age and gender on the distribution of TSH, assess the relationship between concentrations of TSH and free thyroxine (FT4), and analyze the factors that may affect TSH levels. METHODS 2020 adults were included from April 2016 to June 2019. Urinary iodine concentration, serum iodine concentration, serum TSH, FT4, free triiodothyronine, thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies were measured, and thyroid ultrasonography was performed. RESULTS The median of TSH in iodine-fortification areas (IFA), iodine-adequate areas (IAA), iodine-excessive areas (IEA) were 2.32, 2.11 and 2.34 mIU/L, respectively. Serum TSH concentrations were significantly higher in IFA and IEA than that in IAA (p = 0.005 and < 0.0001). The TSH values of most adults were distributed within the range of 1.01-3.00 mIU/L with the same trend in three groups. In our study, TSH levels did not change with age, and the TSH level of females was higher than that of males (p < 0.0001). There was a negative correlation between FT4 and TSH in IAA (r = - 0.160, p < 0.0001) and IEA (r = - 0.177, p < 0.0001), but there was no correlation between FT4 and TSH in IFA (r = - 0.046, p = 0.370). BMI, smoking status, education levels, and marital status were associated with TSH. CONCLUSION Our study provides a basis for establishing the reference intervals of TSH in different iodine level areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ren
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - S Wan
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - L Liu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - M Qu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - H Wu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - H Shen
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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13
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Kebbe M, Sparks JR, Flanagan EW, Redman LM. Beyond weight loss: current perspectives on the impact of calorie restriction on healthspan and lifespan. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:95-108. [PMID: 33957841 PMCID: PMC9052419 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1922077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Changes to mental, physical, and physiological functions drive the complex processes underlying the variable progression of human aging. Nutritional interventions are one of the most promising non-pharmacological therapeutics to attenuate aging in humans. This narrative review aims to describe the implications of moderate and prolonged calorie restriction (CR) in healthy adults without obesity that occur beyond weight loss.Areas covered: Findings from CR studies, such as the CALERIE (Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy) trials, the most rigorous trials to date examining a prolonged 25% CR, are described. The main areas covered include; changes to anthropometrics, energy metabolism, cardiometabolic health, inflammation and immune function, physical fitness, health behaviors, and mental health in response to weight loss (1-year) and weight loss maintenance (2-year).Expert opinion: CR presents a novel and effective therapeutic approach for improving healthspan and biomarkers of lifespan. To date, scientific evidence suggests that continued CR, under medical supervision, is accompanied with persistent and beneficial effects on health outcomes independent of weight loss. Mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated, and novel dietary approaches that may similarly attenuate aging-related conditions should be explored and compared to traditional CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kebbe
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Joshua R Sparks
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Emily W Flanagan
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Women's Health Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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14
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Delaney MA, Imai DM, Buffenstein R. Spontaneous Disease and Pathology of Naked Mole-Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:353-380. [PMID: 34424525 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are highly valuable research models and popular exhibition animals at zoos worldwide. Here, we provide comprehensive descriptions of common postmortem findings of naked mole-rats from both research colonies and populations managed in zoological institutions. Included are brief reviews of their natural history and related physiologic adaptations, unique anatomical features, gross and histologic lesions of common as well as rarely reported disease processes, and discussions of possible pathogeneses with recommendations for future investigations to fill knowledge gaps. Based on postmortem data of several hundreds of naked mole-rats in managed care, it is clear that cancer is extremely rare and infectious disease is infrequently reported. However, despite relatively benign aging phenotypes in this species, several degenerative processes have been nevertheless observed in older populations of naked mole-rats. As such, some potential diet and husbandry-related issues are discussed in addition to the one of the most prominent causes of morbidity and mortality, conspecific aggression and traumas. From this review of lesions and disease, it is clear that pathology, including histopathology, is integral to better understanding mechanisms of healthy aging and cancer resistance of these extraordinary rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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15
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Gauthier BR, Sola‐García A, Cáliz‐Molina MÁ, Lorenzo PI, Cobo‐Vuilleumier N, Capilla‐González V, Martin‐Montalvo A. Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13260. [PMID: 33048427 PMCID: PMC7681062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid function is central in the control of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Studies in animal models and human research have determined that thyroid hormones modulate cellular processes relevant for aging and for the majority of age‐related diseases. While several studies have associated mild reductions on thyroid hormone function with exceptional longevity in animals and humans, alterations in thyroid hormones are serious medical conditions associated with unhealthy aging and premature death. Moreover, both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been associated with the development of certain types of diabetes and cancers, indicating a great complexity of the molecular mechanisms controlled by thyroid hormones. In this review, we describe the latest findings in thyroid hormone research in the field of aging, diabetes, and cancer, with a special focus on hepatocellular carcinomas. While aging studies indicate that the direct modulation of thyroid hormones is not a viable strategy to promote healthy aging or longevity and the development of thyromimetics is challenging due to inefficacy and potential toxicity, we argue that interventions based on the use of modulators of thyroid hormone function might provide therapeutic benefit in certain types of diabetes and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit R. Gauthier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases‐CIBERDEM Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Alejandro Sola‐García
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - María Ángeles Cáliz‐Molina
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Petra Isabel Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Nadia Cobo‐Vuilleumier
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Vivian Capilla‐González
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Department of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine‐CABIMER Junta de Andalucía‐University of Pablo de Olavide‐University of Seville‐CSIC Seville Spain
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16
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Braude S, Holtze S, Begall S, Brenmoehl J, Burda H, Dammann P, Marmol D, Gorshkova E, Henning Y, Hoeflich A, Höhn A, Jung T, Hamo D, Sahm A, Shebzukhov Y, Šumbera R, Miwa S, Vyssokikh MY, Zglinicki T, Averina O, Hildebrandt TB. Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole‐rat biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:376-393. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stan Braude
- Biology Department Washington University, One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 U.S.A
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin 10315 Germany
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg‐Essen, Universitätsstr Essen 45147 Germany
| | - Julia Brenmoehl
- Institute for Genome Biology Leibniz‐Institute for Farm Animal Biology Dummerstorf 18196 Germany
| | - Hynek Burda
- Department of Game Management and Wildlife Biology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Praha 16500 Czech Republic
| | - Philip Dammann
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg‐Essen, Universitätsstr Essen 45147 Germany
- University Hospital Essen Hufelandstr Essen 45141 Germany
| | - Delphine Marmol
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit (URPhyM), NARILIS University of Namur Namur 5000 Belgium
| | - Ekaterina Gorshkova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 32 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Yoshiyuki Henning
- University Hospital Essen Hufelandstr Essen 45141 Germany
- Institute of Physiology Department of General Zoology University of Duisburg Essen Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Division Signal Transduction Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz‐Institute for Farm Animal Biology, FBN Dummerstorf, Wilhelm‐Stahl‐Allee 2 Dummerstorf 18196 Germany
| | - Annika Höhn
- Department of Molecular Toxicology German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam‐Rehbrücke Nuthetal 14558 Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) München‐Neuherberg 85764 Germany
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam‐Rehbrücke Nuthetal 14558 Germany
| | - Dania Hamo
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin 13353 Germany
- German Rheumatism Research Centre Berlin (DRFZ) Berlin 10117 Germany
| | - Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute Jena 07745 Germany
| | - Yury Shebzukhov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 32 Moscow 119991 Russia
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin 13353 Germany
| | - Radim Šumbera
- Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Biosciences Institute, Edwardson building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL U.K
| | - Mikhail Y. Vyssokikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Thomas Zglinicki
- Biosciences Institute, Edwardson building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL U.K
| | - Olga Averina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin 10315 Germany
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17
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Zutinic A, Pijl H, Ballieux BE, Roelfsema F, Westendorp RGJ, Blauw GJ, van Heemst D. Familial Longevity is Associated with an Attenuated Thyroidal Response to Recombinant Human Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5821498. [PMID: 32303766 PMCID: PMC7239378 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Longevity is associated with higher circulating levels of TSH in the absence of differences in circulating thyroid hormones (TH), as previously observed in F2 members of long-lived families (F2-LLS) and their partners (F2-Con). The mechanism underlying this observed difference remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the thyroid gland of members from long-lived families are less responsive to TSH stimulation, thereby requiring higher circulating TSH levels to maintain adequate TH levels. METHODS We performed a case-control intervention study with a single intramuscular (gluteal) injection with 0.1 mg recombinant human TSH in a subgroup of 14 F2-LLS and 15 similarly aged F2-Con. They were followed for 4 days. No serious adverse events were reported. For analyses, we compared time trajectories of TSH and TH, and the ratio of TH to TSH using area under the curve (AUC) calculations. RESULTS The AUC free T4/AUC TSH ratio was significantly lower in F2-LLS than in F2-Con (estimated mean [95% confidence interval] 1.6 [1.2-1.9] and 2.2 [1.9-2.6], respectively, P = 0.01). The AUC thyroglobulin/AUC TSH ratio was also lower in F2-LLS than in F2-Con (median [interquartile range] 2.1 [1.4-3.6] and 3.2 [2.7-7.4], respectively, P = 0.04). We observed the same trend with the AUC free T3/AUC TSH ratio, although the difference was not statistically significant (estimated mean [95% confidence interval] 0.6 [0.4-0.7] and 0.7 [0.6-0.8], respectively, P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS The present findings show that members of long-living families have a lower thyroid responsivity to TSH compared with their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zutinic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Ana Zutinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands. E-mail:
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart E Ballieux
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand Roelfsema
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerard J Blauw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Buffenstein R, Lewis KN, Gibney PA, Narayan V, Grimes KM, Smith M, Lin TD, Brown-Borg HM. Probing Pedomorphy and Prolonged Lifespan in Naked Mole-Rats and Dwarf Mice. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:96-111. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00032.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pedomorphy, maintenance of juvenile traits throughout life, is most pronounced in extraordinarily long-lived naked mole-rats. Many of these traits (e.g., slow growth rates, low hormone levels, and delayed sexual maturity) are shared with spontaneously mutated, long-lived dwarf mice. Although some youthful traits likely evolved as adaptations to subterranean habitats (e.g., thermolability), the nature of these intrinsic pedomorphic features may also contribute to their prolonged youthfulness, longevity, and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick A. Gibney
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Vikram Narayan
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kelly M. Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Megan Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tzuhua D. Lin
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Holly M. Brown-Borg
- Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
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19
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. Why do bats live so long?-Possible molecular mechanisms. Biogerontology 2019; 21:1-11. [PMID: 31602545 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Contrasting with several theories of ageing, bats are mammals with remarkable longevity despite their high metabolic rate, living on average three times more than other mammals of equal size. The question of how bats live a long time has attracted considerable attention, and they have thus been related to immortal fantasy characters like Dracula in the novel by Bram Stoker. Several ecological and physiological features, such as reduction in mortality risks, delayed sexual maturation and hibernation, have been linked to bats' long lifespan. However, there is still very little information about the molecular mechanisms associated with the longevity of bats. In this regard, the present work tries to summarize current knowledge about how bats can live for so long, taking into consideration nutritional factors, oxidative metabolism, protein homeostasis, stress resistance, DNA repair, mitochondrial physiology and cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alejandro Lagunas-Rangel
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Calsolaro V, Niccolai F, Pasqualetti G, Calabrese AM, Polini A, Okoye C, Magno S, Caraccio N, Monzani F. Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism in the Elderly: When to Treat? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30967841 PMCID: PMC6438852 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is characterized by increased thyrotropin (TSH) levels and reduced free thyroid hormone fractions while, subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) by elevated serum TSH in the face of normal thyroid hormones. The high frequency of hypothyroidism among the general population in Western Countries made levothyroxine (LT4) one of the 10 most prescribed drugs. However, circulating TSH has been demonstrated to increase with aging, regardless the existence of an actual thyroid disease. Thus, when confronting an increase in circulating TSH levels in the elderly, especially in the oldest old, it is important to carry an appropriate diagnostic path, comprehensive of clinical picture as well as laboratory and imaging techniques. In the current review, we summarize the recommendations for a correct diagnostic workup and therapeutic approach to older people with elevated TSH value, with special attention to the presence of frailty, comorbidities, and poly-therapy. The treatment of choice for hypothyroid patients is hormone replacement with LT4 but, it is important to consider multiple factors before commencing the therapy, from the age dependent TSH increase to the presence of an actual thyroid disease and comorbidities. When treatment is necessary, a tailored therapy should be chosen, considering poly-pharmacy and frailty. A careful follow-up and treatment re-assessment should be always considered to avoid the risk of over-treatment. It is important to stress the need of educating the patient for a correct administration of LT4, particularly when poly-therapy is in place, and the importance of a tailored therapeutic approach and follow-up, to avoid overtreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calsolaro
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Valeria Calsolaro
| | - Filippo Niccolai
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pasqualetti
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Maria Calabrese
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Polini
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chukwuma Okoye
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Magno
- Obesity Center at the Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nadia Caraccio
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Monzani
- Geriatrics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Behringer V, Deimel C, Hohmann G, Negrey J, Schaebs FS, Deschner T. Applications for non-invasive thyroid hormone measurements in mammalian ecology, growth, and maintenance. Horm Behav 2018; 105:66-85. [PMID: 30063897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play a pivotal role in the regulation of metabolic activity throughout all life stages. Cross-talk with other hormone systems permits THs to coordinate metabolic changes as well as modifications in growth and maintenance in response to changing environmental conditions. The scope of this review is to explain the relevant basics of TH endocrinology, highlight pertinent topics that have been investigated so far, and offer guidance on measuring THs in non-invasively collected matrices. The first part of the review provides an overview of TH biochemistry, which is necessary to understand and interpret the findings of existing studies and to apply non-invasive TH monitoring. The second part focuses on the role of THs in mammalian ecology, and the third part highlights the role of THs in growth and maintenance. The fourth part deals with the advantages and difficulties of measuring THs in non-invasively collected samples. This review concludes with a summary that considers future directions in the study of THs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Behringer
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - C Deimel
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, 701 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - G Hohmann
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Negrey
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, 232 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - F S Schaebs
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T Deschner
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Lee TB, Matzko M, DiIenno A, Rezanejad H, Ramadoss P, Scanlan T, Zavacki AM, Larsen PR, Hollenberg A, Colton C, Sharma A, Bonner-Weir S. T 3 Induces Both Markers of Maturation and Aging in Pancreatic β-Cells. Diabetes 2018; 67:1322-1331. [PMID: 29625991 PMCID: PMC6014556 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that thyroid hormone (TH) triiodothyronine (T3) enhanced β-cell functional maturation through induction of Mafa High levels of T3 have been linked to decreased life span in mammals and low levels to lengthened life span, suggesting a relationship between TH and aging. Here, we show that T3 increased p16Ink4a (a β-cell senescence marker and effector) mRNA in rodent and human β-cells. The kinetics of Mafa and p16Ink4a induction suggested both genes as targets of TH via TH receptors (THRs) binding to specific response elements. Using specific agonists CO23 and GC1, we showed that p16Ink4a expression was controlled by THRA and Mafa by THRB. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and a transient transfection yielding biotinylated THRB1 or THRA isoforms to achieve specificity, we determined that THRA isoform bound to p16Ink4a , whereas THRB1 bound to Mafa but not to p16Ink4a On a cellular level, T3 treatment accelerated cell senescence as shown by increased number of β-cells with acidic β-galactosidase activity. Our data show that T3 can simultaneously induce both maturation (Mafa) and aging (p16Ink4a ) effectors and that these dichotomous effects are mediated through different THR isoforms. These findings may be important for further improving stem cell differentiation protocols to produce functional β-cells for replacement therapies in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terence B Lee
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Amanda DiIenno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Preeti Ramadoss
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas Scanlan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - P Reed Larsen
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony Hollenberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Clark Colton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Arun Sharma
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Lewis KN, Rubinstein ND, Buffenstein R. A window into extreme longevity; the circulating metabolomic signature of the naked mole-rat, a mammal that shows negligible senescence. GeroScience 2018; 40:105-121. [PMID: 29679203 PMCID: PMC5964061 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse-sized naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber), unlike other mammals, do not conform to Gompertzian laws of age-related mortality; adults show no age-related change in mortality risk. Moreover, we observe negligible hallmarks of aging with well-maintained physiological and molecular functions, commonly altered with age in other species. We questioned whether naked mole-rats, living an order of magnitude longer than laboratory mice, exhibit different plasma metabolite profiles, which could then highlight novel mechanisms or targets involved in disease and longevity. Using a comprehensive, unbiased metabolomics screen, we observe striking inter-species differences in amino acid, peptide, and lipid metabolites. Low circulating levels of specific amino acids, particularly those linked to the methionine pathway, resemble those observed during the fasting period at late torpor in hibernating ground squirrels and those seen in longer-lived methionine-restricted rats. These data also concur with metabolome reports on long-lived mutant mice, including the Ames dwarf mice and calorically restricted mice, as well as fruit flies, and even show similarities to circulating metabolite differences observed in young human adults when compared to older humans. During evolution, some of these beneficial nutrient/stress response pathways may have been positively selected in the naked mole-rat. These observations suggest that interventions that modify the aging metabolomic profile to a more youthful one may enable people to lead healthier and longer lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn N Lewis
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, 1170 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, 94080, USA
| | - Nimrod D Rubinstein
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, 1170 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, 94080, USA
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24
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Akintunde J, Babaita A. Effect of PUFAs from Pteleopsis suberosa stem bark on androgenic enzymes, cellular ATP and prostatic acid phosphatase in mercury chloride – Exposed rat. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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An extremely high dietary iodide supply forestalls severe hypothyroidism in Na +/I - symporter (NIS) knockout mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5329. [PMID: 28706256 PMCID: PMC5509730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active iodide (I−) accumulation in the thyroid, the first step in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. Mutations in the SLC5A5 gene encoding NIS that result in a non-functional protein lead to congenital hypothyroidism due to I− transport defect (ITD). ITD is a rare autosomal disorder that, if not treated promptly in infancy, can cause mental retardation, as the TH decrease results in improper development of the nervous system. However, in some patients, hypothyroidism has been ameliorated by unusually large amounts of dietary I−. Here we report the first NIS knockout (KO) mouse model, obtained by targeting exons 6 and 7 of the Slc5a5 gene. In NIS KO mice, in the thyroid, stomach, and salivary gland, NIS is absent, and hence there is no active accumulation of the NIS substrate pertechnetate (99mTcO4−). NIS KO mice showed undetectable serum T4 and very low serum T3 levels when fed a diet supplying the minimum I− requirement for rodents. These hypothyroid mice displayed oxidative stress in the thyroid, but not in the brown adipose tissue or liver. Feeding the mice a high-I− diet partially rescued TH biosynthesis, demonstrating that, at high I− concentrations, I− enters the thyroid through routes other than NIS.
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26
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Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AMP = adenosine monophosphate CETP = cholesteryl ester transfer protein FOXO = Forkhead box O GH = growth hormone HDL = high-density lipoprotein IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1 LDL = low-density lipoprotein miRNA = microRNA mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin SIRT = sirtuin T4 = thyroxine TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone "The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, Nor all thy Tears wash out a Word of it." Omar Khayyam ( 1 ).
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Dammann P. Slow aging in mammals-Lessons from African mole-rats and bats. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 70:154-163. [PMID: 28698112 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the main mammalian models used in aging research have been mice and rats, i.e. short-lived species that obviously lack effective maintenance mechanisms to keep their soma in a functional state for prolonged periods of time. It is doubtful that life-extending mechanisms identified only in such short-lived species adequately reflect the diversity of longevity pathways that have naturally evolved in mammals, or that they have much relevance for long-lived species such as humans. Therefore, some complementary, long-lived mammalian models have been introduced to aging research in the past 15-20 years, particularly naked mole-rats (and to a lesser extent also other mole-rats) and bats. Here, I summarize and compare the most important results regarding various aspects of aging - oxidative stress, molecular homeostasis and repair, and endocrinology - that have been obtained from studies using these new mammalian models of high longevity. I argue that the inclusion of these models was an important step forward, because it drew researchers' attention to certain oversimplifications of existing aging theories and to several features that appear to be universal components of enhanced longevity in mammals. However, even among mammals with high longevity, considerable variation exists with respect to other candidate mechanisms that also must be taken into account if inadequate generalizations are to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Dammann
- Central Animal Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg, Essen, Germany.
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28
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Park TJ, Reznick J, Peterson BL, Blass G, Omerbašić D, Bennett NC, Kuich PHJL, Zasada C, Browe BM, Hamann W, Applegate DT, Radke MH, Kosten T, Lutermann H, Gavaghan V, Eigenbrod O, Bégay V, Amoroso VG, Govind V, Minshall RD, Smith ESJ, Larson J, Gotthardt M, Kempa S, Lewin GR. Fructose-driven glycolysis supports anoxia resistance in the naked mole-rat. Science 2017; 356:307-311. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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29
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Ogliari G, Smit RAJ, van der Spoel E, Mari D, Torresani E, Felicetta I, Lucchi TA, Rossi PD, van Heemst D, de Craen AJM, Westendorp RGJ. Thyroid Status and Mortality Risk in Older Adults With Normal Thyrotropin: Sex Differences in the Milan Geriatrics 75+ Cohort Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:554-559. [PMID: 27371954 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thresholds of optimal thyroid status in old age are controversial. We investigated the longitudinal association between thyroid parameters and 10-year all-cause mortality risk in older outpatients with normal thyrotropin (TSH) and modification by sex and age. METHODS Baseline TSH, free thyroxine (fT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3) were assessed in the Milan Geriatrics 75+ Cohort Study. 324 men and 609 women older than 75 years had normal TSH. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the associations between thyroid parameters and mortality risk using Cox regression. Sex-stratified analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. RESULTS 233 men and 367 women died during follow-up. After adjustment, each 1-mU/L higher TSH was associated with decreased mortality risk in men (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-0.98), but not in women (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.95-1.24) (p for sex interaction = .006). Each 1-ng/L higher fT4 was associated with increased mortality risk in men (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.22), but not in women (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.04) (p for sex interaction = .013). Each 1-pg/mL higher fT3 was associated with decreased mortality risk in women (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.98), but not in men (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.57-1.13). The inverse association between TSH and mortality was most pronounced in men older than 85 years. CONCLUSIONS Among older outpatients with normal TSH, higher TSH and lower fT4 were associated with decreased mortality risk in men but not in women. When assessing thyroid status, sex and age should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ogliari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Roelof A J Smit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Evie van der Spoel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Mari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy.,Geriatric Unit and
| | - Erminio Torresani
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Felicetta
- Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.,Public Health and Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Stenvinkel P, Kooman JP, Shiels PG. Nutrients and ageing: what can we learn about ageing interactions from animal biology? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19:19-25. [PMID: 26485336 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Many prevalent clinical conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary, and cardiovascular disease associate with features of premature ageing, such as muscle wasting, hypogonadism, osteoporosis, and arteriosclerosis. Studies on various animal models have shown that caloric restriction prolongs lifespan. Studies of animals with unusual long or short life for their body size may also contribute to better understanding of ageing processes. The aim of the present article is to review what we can learn about nutritional modulations and ageing interactions from animal biology. RECENT FINDINGS Caloric restriction is a powerful intervention that increases longevity in animals ranging from short-lived species, such as worms and flies, to primates. As long-term studies on caloric restriction are not feasible to conduct in humans, much interest has focused on the impact of caloric restriction mimetics, such as resveratrol, on ageing processes. Recent data from studies on the long-lived naked mole rat have provided important novel information on metabolic alterations and antioxidative defense mechanisms that characterize longevity. SUMMARY Better understanding of the biology of exceptionally long-lived animals will contribute to better understanding of ageing processes and novel interventions to extend lifespan also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stenvinkel
- aDivision of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital at Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden bDivision of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Maastricht, the Netherlands cInstitute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Center, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Khwanmunee J, Leelawatwattana L, Prapunpoj P. Gene structure and evolution of transthyretin in the order Chiroptera. Genetica 2015; 144:71-83. [PMID: 26681450 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bats are mammals in the order Chiroptera. Although many extensive morphologic and molecular genetics analyses have been attempted, phylogenetic relationships of bats has not been completely resolved. The paraphyly of microbats is of particular controversy that needs to be confirmed. In this study, we attempted to use the nucleotide sequence of transthyretin (TTR) intron 1 to resolve the relationship among bats. To explore its utility, the complete sequences of TTR gene and intron 1 region of bats in Vespertilionidae: genus Eptesicus (Eptesicus fuscus) and genus Myotis (Myotis brandtii, Myotis davidii, and Myotis lucifugus), and Pteropodidae (Pteropus alecto and Pteropus vampyrus) were extracted from the retrieved sequences, whereas those of Rhinoluphus affinis and Scotophilus kuhlii were amplified and sequenced. The derived overall amino sequences of bat TTRs were found to be very similar to those in other eutherians but differed from those in other classes of vertebrates. However, missing of amino acids from N-terminal or C-terminal region was observed. The phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences suggested bat and other eutherian TTRs lineal descent from a single most recent common ancestor which differed from those of non-placental mammals and the other classes of vertebrates. The splicing of bat TTR precursor mRNAs was similar to those of other eutherian but different from those of marsupial, bird, reptile and amphibian. Based on TTR intron 1 sequence, the inferred evolutionary relationship within Chiroptera revealed more closely relatedness of R. affinis to megabats than to microbats. Accordingly, the paraphyly of microbats was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Khwanmunee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Ladda Leelawatwattana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Porntip Prapunpoj
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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32
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Kamilar JM, Tecot SR. Connecting proximate mechanisms and evolutionary patterns: pituitary gland size and mammalian life history. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1997-2008. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Kamilar
- Department of Anthropology; University of Massachusetts; Amherst MA USA
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; University of Massachusetts; Amherst MA USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ USA
| | - S. R. Tecot
- School of Anthropology; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ USA
- Laboratory for the Evolutionary Endocrinology of Primates; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ USA
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Yan H, Bonasio R, Simola DF, Liebig J, Berger SL, Reinberg D. DNA methylation in social insects: how epigenetics can control behavior and longevity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 60:435-52. [PMID: 25341091 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In eusocial insects, genetically identical individuals can exhibit striking differences in behavior and longevity. The molecular basis of such phenotypic plasticity is of great interest to the scientific community. DNA methylation, as well as other epigenetic signals, plays an important role in modulating gene expression and can therefore establish, sustain, and alter organism-level phenotypes, including behavior and life span. Unlike DNA methylation in mammals, DNA methylation in insects, including eusocial insects, is enriched in gene bodies of actively expressed genes. Recent investigations have revealed the important role of gene body methylation in regulating gene expression in response to intrinsic and environmental factors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in DNA methylation research and discuss its significance in our understanding of the epigenetic underpinnings of behavior and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and
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Grizzly bears exhibit augmented insulin sensitivity while obese prior to a reversible insulin resistance during hibernation. Cell Metab 2014; 20:376-82. [PMID: 25100064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The confluence of obesity and diabetes as a worldwide epidemic necessitates the discovery of new therapies. Success in this endeavor requires translatable preclinical studies, which traditionally employ rodent models. As an alternative approach, we explored hibernation where obesity is a natural adaptation to survive months of fasting. Here we report that grizzly bears exhibit seasonal tripartite insulin responsiveness such that obese animals augment insulin sensitivity but only weeks later enter hibernation-specific insulin resistance (IR) and subsequently reinitiate responsiveness upon awakening. Preparation for hibernation is characterized by adiposity coupled to increased insulin sensitivity via modified PTEN/AKT signaling specifically in adipose tissue, suggesting a state of "healthy" obesity analogous to humans with PTEN haploinsufficiency. Collectively, we show that bears reversibly cope with homeostatic perturbations considered detrimental to humans and describe a mechanism whereby IR functions not as a late-stage metabolic adaptation to obesity, but rather a gatekeeper of the fed-fasting transition.
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Fontana L, Hu FB. Optimal body weight for health and longevity: bridging basic, clinical, and population research. Aging Cell 2014; 13:391-400. [PMID: 24628815 PMCID: PMC4032609 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess body weight and adiposity cause insulin resistance, inflammation, and numerous other alterations in metabolic and hormonal factors that promote atherosclerosis, tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and aging. Studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated a beneficial role of dietary restriction and leanness in promoting health and longevity. Epidemiological studies have found strong direct associations between increasing body mass index (BMI) and risks of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer, beginning from BMI of 20–21 kg m−2. Although a recent meta-analysis suggests that overweight individuals have significantly lower overall mortality than normal-weight individuals, these data are likely to be an artifact produced by serious methodological problems, especially confounding by smoking, reverse causation due to existing chronic disease, and nonspecific loss of lean mass and function in the frail elderly. From a clinical and public health point of view, maintaining a healthy weight through diet and physical activity should remain the cornerstone in the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fontana
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science Washington University St.Louis MO USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences Brescia University Medical School Brescia Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Napoli Italy
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA USA
- Channing Laboratory Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Zambrano A, García-Carpizo V, Gallardo ME, Villamuera R, Gómez-Ferrería MA, Pascual A, Buisine N, Sachs LM, Garesse R, Aranda A. The thyroid hormone receptor β induces DNA damage and premature senescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:129-46. [PMID: 24395638 PMCID: PMC3882795 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201305084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the thyroid hormone (TH) receptors (THRs) can play a role in aging, cancer and degenerative diseases. In this paper, we demonstrate that binding of TH T3 (triiodothyronine) to THRB induces senescence and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in cultured cells and in tissues of young hyperthyroid mice. T3 induces a rapid activation of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated)/PRKAA (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) signal transduction and recruitment of the NRF1 (nuclear respiratory factor 1) and THRB to the promoters of genes with a key role on mitochondrial respiration. Increased respiration leads to production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which in turn causes oxidative stress and DNA double-strand breaks and triggers a DNA damage response that ultimately leads to premature senescence of susceptible cells. Our findings provide a mechanism for integrating metabolic effects of THs with the tumor suppressor activity of THRB, the effect of thyroidal status on longevity, and the occurrence of tissue damage in hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zambrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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38
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Zeugswetter FK, Jensen-Jarolim E. Body Messaging: The Endocrine Systems. Comp Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1559-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Bowers J, Terrien J, Clerget-Froidevaux MS, Gothié JD, Rozing MP, Westendorp RGJ, van Heemst D, Demeneix BA. Thyroid hormone signaling and homeostasis during aging. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:556-89. [PMID: 23696256 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans and in animal models show negative correlations between thyroid hormone (TH) levels and longevity. TH signaling is implicated in maintaining and integrating metabolic homeostasis at multiple levels, notably centrally in the hypothalamus but also in peripheral tissues. The question is thus raised of how TH signaling is modulated during aging in different tissues. Classically, TH actions on mitochondria and heat production are obvious candidates to link negative effects of TH to aging. Mitochondrial effects of excess TH include reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, 2 factors often considered as aging accelerators. Inversely, caloric restriction, which can retard aging from nematodes to primates, causes a rapid reduction of circulating TH, reducing metabolism in birds and mammals. However, many other factors could link TH to aging, and it is these potentially subtler and less explored areas that are highlighted here. For example, effects of TH on membrane composition, inflammatory responses, stem cell renewal and synchronization of physiological responses to light could each contribute to TH regulation of maintenance of homeostasis during aging. We propose the hypothesis that constraints on TH signaling at certain life stages, notably during maturity, are advantageous for optimal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bowers
- Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Physiologie Générale et Comparée, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7221, 75231 Paris cedex 5, France
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40
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Nathaniel TI, Otukonyong EE, Okon M, Chaves J, Cochran T, Nathaniel AI. Metabolic regulatory clues from the naked mole rat: toward brain regulatory functions during stroke. Brain Res Bull 2013; 98:44-52. [PMID: 23886571 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to tissue hypoxia is a robust fundamental adaptation to low oxygen supply, and represents a novel neuroscience problem with significance to mammalian physiology as well as human health. With the underlying mechanisms strongly conserved in evolution, the ability to resist tissue hypoxia in natural systems has recently emerged as an interesting model in mammalian physiology research to understand mechanisms that can be manipulated for the clinical management of stroke. The extraordinary ability to resist tissue hypoxia by the naked mole rat (NMR) indicates the presence of a unique mechanism that underlies the remarkable healthy life span and exceptional hypoxia resistance. This opens an interesting line of research into understanding the mechanisms employed by the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) to protect the brain during hypoxia. In a series of studies, we first examined the presence of neuroprotection in the brain cells of naked mole rats (NMRs) subjected to hypoxic insults, and then characterized the expression of such neuroprotection in a wide range of time intervals. We used oxygen nutrient deprivation (OND), an in vitro model of resistance to tissue hypoxia to determine whether there is evidence of neuronal survival in the hippocampal (CA1) slices of NMRs that are subjected to chronic hypoxia. Hippocampus neurons of NMRs that were kept in hypoxic condition consistently tolerated OND right from the onset time of 5h. This tolerance was maintained for 24h. This finding indicates that there is evidence of resistance to tissue hypoxia by CA1 neurons of NMRs. We further examined the effect of hypoxia on metabolic rate in the NMR. Repeated measurement of metabolic rates during exposure of naked mole rats to hypoxia over a constant ambient temperature indicates that hypoxia significantly decreased metabolic rates in the NMR, suggesting that the observed decline in metabolic rate during hypoxia may contribute to the adaptive mechanism used by the NMR to resist tissue hypoxia. This work is aimed to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of resistance to tissue hypoxia in the NMR as an important life-sustaining process, which can be translated into therapeutic interventions during stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Nathaniel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, HSEB, 607 Grove Road, Greenville, SC 29605, United States.
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41
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Delaney MA, Nagy L, Kinsel MJ, Treuting PM. Spontaneous histologic lesions of the adult naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber): a retrospective survey of lesions in a zoo population. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:607-21. [PMID: 23355517 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812471543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs; Heterocephalus glaber) are highly adapted, subterranean, eusocial rodents from semiarid regions of the eastern horn of Africa and the longest-living rodent known with a maximum life span of up to 30 years. They are a unique model for aging research due to their physiology, extreme longevity, and, when compared to mice and rats, resistance to cancer. Published surveys of disease in NMRs are sparse. Captive colonies in zoological collections provide an opportunity to monitor spontaneous disease over time in a seminatural environment. This retrospective study describes common lesions of a zoo population over a 15-year period during which 138 adult NMRs were submitted for gross and histologic evaluation. Of these, 61 (44.2%) were male, 77 (55.8%) female, 45 (32.6%) died, and 93 (67.4%) were euthanized. The most frequent cause of death or reason for euthanasia was conspecific trauma (bite wounds) and secondary complications. Some common histologic lesions and their prevalence were renal tubular mineralization (82.6%), hepatic hemosiderosis (64.5%), bite wounds (63.8%), chronic progressive nephropathy (52.9%), and calcinosis cutis (10.1%). In sum, 104 (75.4%) NMRs had more than one of the most prevalent histologic lesions. No malignant neoplasms were noted; however, there was a case of renal tubular adenomatous hyperplasia with nuclear atypia and compression that in rats is considered a preneoplastic lesion. This retrospective study confirms the NMR's relative resistance to cancer in spite of development of other degenerative diseases and highlights the utility of zoological databases for baseline pathological data on nontraditional animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Delaney
- University of Illinois Zoological Pathology Program, Loyola University Medical Center Building 101, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Selmer C, Olesen JB, Hansen ML, Lindhardsen J, Olsen AMS, Madsen JC, Faber J, Hansen PR, Pedersen OD, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH. The spectrum of thyroid disease and risk of new onset atrial fibrillation: a large population cohort study. BMJ 2012; 345:e7895. [PMID: 23186910 PMCID: PMC3508199 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e7895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the risk of atrial fibrillation in relation to the whole spectrum of thyroid function in a large cohort of patients. DESIGN Population based cohort study of general practice patients identified by linkage of nationwide registries at the individual level. SETTING Primary care patients in the city of Copenhagen. SUBJECTS Registry data for 586,460 adults who had their thyroid function evaluated for the first time by their general practitioner during 2000-10 and who were without previously recorded thyroid disease or atrial fibrillation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Poisson regression models used to estimate risk of atrial fibrillation by thyroid function. RESULTS Of the 586,460 individuals in the study population (mean (SD) age 50.2 (16.9) years, 39% men), 562,461 (96.0%) were euthyroid, 1670 (0.3%) had overt hypothyroidism, 12,087 (2.0%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 3966 (0.7%) had overt hyperthyroidism, and 6276 (1.0%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Compared with the euthyroid individuals, the risk of atrial fibrillation increased with decreasing levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from high normal euthyroidism (incidence rate ratio 1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.21)) to subclinical hyperthyroidism with reduced TSH (1.16 (0.99 to 1.36)) and subclinical hyperthyroidism with supressed TSH (1.41 (1.25 to 1.59)). Both overt and subclinical hypothyroidism were associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION The risk of atrial fibrillation was closely associated with thyroid activity, with a low risk in overt hypothyroidism, high risk in hyperthyroidism, and a TSH level dependent association with risk of atrial fibrillation across the spectrum of subclinical thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Selmer
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.
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Gesing A, Lewiński A, Karbownik-Lewińska M. The thyroid gland and the process of aging; what is new? Thyroid Res 2012; 5:16. [PMID: 23176389 PMCID: PMC3526560 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-5-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocrine system and particular endocrine organs, including the thyroid, undergo important functional changes during aging. The prevalence of thyroid disorders increases with age and numerous morphological and physiological changes of the thyroid gland during the process of aging are well-known. It is to be stressed that the clinical course of thyroid diseases in the elderly differs essentially from that observed in younger individuals, because symptoms are more subtle and are often attributed to normal aging. Subclinical hypo- and hyperthyroidism, as well as thyroid neoplasms, require special attention in elderly subjects. Intriguingly, decreased thyroid function, as well as thyrotropin (TSH) levels - progressively shifting to higher values with age - may contribute to the increased lifespan.This short review focuses on recent findings concerning the alterations in thyroid function during aging, including these which may potentially lead to extended longevity, both in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gesing
- Department of Oncological Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowski St,, No, 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.
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Grimes KM, Lindsey ML, Gelfond JAL, Buffenstein R. Getting to the heart of the matter: age-related changes in diastolic heart function in the longest-lived rodent, the naked mole rat. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:384-94. [PMID: 22367435 PMCID: PMC3309875 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The naked mole rat is an extremely long-lived (>31 years) small (35 g) rodent. Moreover, it maintains good health for most of its long life. We hypothesized that naked mole rats also show attenuated cardiac aging. With age, cardiac muscle can become less compliant, causing a decline in early diastolic filling (E) and a compensatory increase in atrial contraction-induced late filling (A). This results in decreased left ventricular E/A ratio. Doppler imaging showed no significant differences in E/A ratios (p = .48) among old (18-20 years) breeders and nonbreeders despite differences in estrogen levels. A cross-sectional study of 1- to 20-year-old naked mole rats (n = 76) revealed that E/A ratios declined with age in females (n = 40; p = .002) but not in males (n = 36; p = 0.45). Despite this, neither gender shows increased morbidity or mortality with age. These findings suggest that, notwithstanding the previously observed high lipid peroxidation in heart tissue, NMRs must possess mechanisms to stave off progression to fatal cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Grimes
- Department of Physiology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- Department of Physiology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies
- Department of Medicine
| | - Jonathan A. L. Gelfond
- Department of Physiology
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology, Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies
- Department of Cell and Structural Biology
- Department of Physiology
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Li J, Paulson JM, Ye FD, Sung M, Hollenberg AN, Rutkove SB. Reducing systemic hypermetabolism by inducing hypothyroidism does not prolong survival in the SOD1-G93A mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:372-7. [DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2012.662988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Thvilum M, Brandt F, Brix TH, Hegedüs L. A review of the evidence for and against increased mortality in hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012; 8:417-24. [PMID: 22392154 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lifetime risk of overt hypothyroidism is around 5%, and this disease is usually preceded by subclinical hypothyroidism, which has an even higher prevalence (estimated to be up to 9%). Hypothyroidism has been linked with cardiac dysfunction, atherosclerosis, hypertension and coagulopathy. Intuitively, this increased morbidity is expected to shorten patients' lifespan, but definitive data are lacking on whether either of these hypothyroid states (particularly overt hypothyroidism) increase mortality. Study findings are inconsistent and, overall, the pooled data do not demonstrate increased mortality in patients with either subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. However, none of the available studies was adequately designed to answer this question. This Review discusses major shortcomings in those studies, such as population dissimilarities, hypothyroid state classification and misclassification, the inclusion of nonthyroidal illness, drug interference from concurrent therapies, serious comorbidities (for example, cardiovascular disease), differences in duration of follow-up and the number of levothyroxine-treated individuals. Taken together, the data exhibit little evidence of systematic bias and no strong scientific proof of increased mortality related to either subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. Future studies, however, should take the above-mentioned shortcomings and potential genetic confounding into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Thvilum
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Deary M, Buckey T, Soldin OP. TSH - Clinical Aspects of its Use in Determining Thyroid Disease in the Elderly. How Does it Impact the Practice of Medicine in Aging? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1. [PMID: 23869289 DOI: 10.4172/2167-1052.1000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The last four decades have seen enormous growth in the efficacy of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) assay methodology, establishing TSH as the hallmark of thyroid testing. At the center of the considerations is the strong inverse correlation between serum thyrotropin and free thyroxine concentrations. While it is widely accepted that elevated serum TSH concentrations are consistent with thyroid dysfunction, a vast multitude of additional factors must be considered before an accurate clinical diagnosis can be made followed by an appropriate treatment. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated slightly elevated serum TSH concentrations among the elderly population. There is, however, a debate whether these elevated TSH levels reflect an increased prevalence of hypothyroidism among the elderly or a normal aspect of healthy aging. A comprehensive analysis of the many variables associated with this debate and TSH measurement as a diagnostic tool in aging should provide insight into the clinical efforts to diagnose and treat thyroid disease, particularly in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Deary
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC 20057, USA
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48
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49
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Endocrine function and neurobiology of the longest-living rodent, the naked mole-rat. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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50
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Barzilai N, Gabriely I, Atzmon G, Suh Y, Rothenberg D, Bergman A. Genetic studies reveal the role of the endocrine and metabolic systems in aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:4493-500. [PMID: 20926537 PMCID: PMC3050096 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that involves a general decline in many physiological functions, resulting in loss of function and eventually death. Extensive research is being performed in order to elucidate the biology of aging, especially with the advent of newer molecular and genetic methodologies. The endocrine system plays a major role in orchestrating cellular interactions, metabolism, growth, and senescence. Thus, researchers traditionally used hormones as tools to induce and examine specific biological effects that are associated with aging. Furthermore, because our recent knowledge on hormonal action expanded significantly, downstream pathways and genetic determinants currently prevail in aging research. In this review, we will summarize the effects of several hormones on human aging and longevity and present recent data from the Longevity Genes Study performed at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, looking at the phenotype and genotype of centenarians and their offspring. We will demonstrate that genetic factors that are associated with human longevity are heritable and may contribute not only to quantitative longevity but also to protection from age-dependent disease and exceptional good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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