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Gurgul AA, Najjar Y, Chee A, An H, Che CT, Park TJ, Warpeha KM. Phenylpropanoid-enriched broccoli seedling extract can reduce inflammatory markers and pain behavior. J Transl Med 2023; 21:922. [PMID: 38115032 PMCID: PMC10731810 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a worldwide problem requiring an effective, affordable, non-addictive therapy. Using the edible plant broccoli, a growth protocol was developed to induce a concentrated combinatorial of potential anti-inflammatories in seedlings. METHODS A growth method was utilized to produce a phenylpropanoid-rich broccoli sprout extract, referred to as Original Extract (OE). OE was concentrated and then resuspended for study of the effects on inflammation events. A rabbit disc model of inflammation and degeneration, and, a mouse model of pain behavior were used for in vivo and in vitro tests. To address aspects of mammalian metabolic processing, the OE was treated with the S9 liver microsome fraction derived from mouse, for use in a mouse in vivo study. Analytical chemistry was performed to identify major chemical species. Continuous variables were analyzed with a number of methods including ANOVA, and two-tailed t tests, as appropriate. RESULTS In a rabbit spine (disc) injury model, inflammatory markers were reduced, and levels of regenerative markers were increased as a result of OE treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. In a mouse pain behavioral model, after treatment with S9 liver microsome fraction, the resultant extract significantly reduced early and late pain behavior in response to a pain stimulus. The OE itself reduced pain behavior in the mouse pain model, but did not achieve the level of significance observed for S9-treated extract. Analytical chemistry undertaken on the extract constituents revealed identities of the chemical species in OE, and how S9 liver microsome fraction treatment altered species identities and proportions. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and in vivo results indicate that the OE, and S9-treated OE broccoli extracts are worthwhile materials to develop a non-opiate inflammation and pain-reducing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A Gurgul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yahya Najjar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Howard An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Katherine M Warpeha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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2
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Park TJ, Reznick J. Correction: Extreme Physiology Extreme Tolerance to Hypoxia, Hypercapnia, and Pain in the Naked Mole-Rat. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:325. [PMID: 37695456 PMCID: PMC10665293 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Jane Reznick
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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3
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Parey E, Fernandez-Aroca D, Frost S, Uribarren A, Park TJ, Zöttl M, St John Smith E, Berthelot C, Villar D. Phylogenetic modeling of enhancer shifts in African mole-rats reveals regulatory changes associated with tissue-specific traits. Genome Res 2023; 33:1513-1526. [PMID: 37625847 PMCID: PMC10620049 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277715.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene regulation are thought to underlie most phenotypic differences between species. For subterranean rodents such as the naked mole-rat, proposed phenotypic adaptations include hypoxia tolerance, metabolic changes, and cancer resistance. However, it is largely unknown what regulatory changes may associate with these phenotypic traits, and whether these are unique to the naked mole-rat, the mole-rat clade, or are also present in other mammals. Here, we investigate regulatory evolution in the heart and liver from two African mole-rat species and two rodent outgroups using genome-wide epigenomic profiling. First, we adapted and applied a phylogenetic modeling approach to quantitatively compare epigenomic signals at orthologous regulatory elements and identified thousands of promoter and enhancer regions with differential epigenomic activity in mole-rats. These elements associate with known mole-rat adaptations in metabolic and functional pathways and suggest candidate genetic loci that may underlie mole-rat innovations. Second, we evaluated ancestral and species-specific regulatory changes in the study phylogeny and report several candidate pathways experiencing stepwise remodeling during the evolution of mole-rats, such as the insulin and hypoxia response pathways. Third, we report nonorthologous regulatory elements overlap with lineage-specific repetitive elements and appear to modify metabolic pathways by rewiring of HNF4 and RAR/RXR transcription factor binding sites in mole-rats. These comparative analyses reveal how mole-rat regulatory evolution informs previously reported phenotypic adaptations. Moreover, the phylogenetic modeling framework we propose here improves upon the state of the art by addressing known limitations of inter-species comparisons of epigenomic profiles and has broad implications in the field of comparative functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Parey
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Diego Fernandez-Aroca
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Frost
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| | - Ainhoa Uribarren
- Cambridge Institute, Cancer Research UK and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Markus Zöttl
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, 44054 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Berthelot
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France;
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3525, INSERM UA12, Comparative Functional Genomics Group, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Diego Villar
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom;
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4
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Pofelski A, Deng S, Yu H, Park TJ, Jia H, Manna S, Chan MKY, Sankaranarayanan SKR, Ramanathan S, Zhu Y. Dopant Mapping of Partially Hydrogenated Vanadium Dioxide using the Energy Loss Near Edge Structure Technique. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1667-1668. [PMID: 37613910 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Pofelski
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - S Deng
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H Yu
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - T J Park
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - H Jia
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - S Manna
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M K Y Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - S K Rs Sankaranarayanan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Ramanathan
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Y Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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5
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Park TJ, Reznick J. Extreme Physiology Extreme Tolerance to Hypoxia, Hypercapnia, and Pain in the Naked Mole-Rat. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:61-72. [PMID: 35854159 PMCID: PMC10329625 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Challenging environmental conditions can drive the evolution of extreme physiological traits. The naked mole-rat has evolved to survive and thrive in a low oxygen, high carbon dioxide environment that would be deadly to humans and most other mammals. The naked mole-rat's lifestyle is unusual in that this species combines subterranean living and living in large, social groups of up to 300 + individuals. Many respiring animals in a closed environment can lead to depletion of oxygen (hypoxia) and accumulation of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia). Naked mole-rats display a variety of physiological traits that negate the adverse effects of living in this atmosphere. For hypoxia tolerance, naked mole-rats have a low resting metabolism, high affinity hemoglobin, intrinsic brain tolerance, the ability to use fructose for anaerobic glycolysis, and the ability to enter a low energy, suspended animation-like state. For hypercapnia tolerance, these animals have a mutation in a voltage gated sodium channel that effectively eliminates neuronal responses to tissue acidosis. In other mammals, acidosis from exposure to high concentrations of carbon dioxide induces pain and pulmonary edema. Understanding these mechanisms of extreme physiology is not only inherently interesting, but it may lead to biomedical breakthroughs in research on heart attacks, strokes, and pain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Jane Reznick
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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6
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Amoroso VG, Zhao A, Vargas I, Park TJ. Naked Mole-Rats Demonstrate Profound Tolerance to Low Oxygen, High Carbon Dioxide, and Chemical Pain. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050819. [PMID: 36899677 PMCID: PMC10000161 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) are very unusual among subterranean mammals in that they live in large colonies and are extremely social, spending large amounts of time gathered together in underground nests more than a meter below the surface. Many respiring individuals resting in deep, poorly ventilated nests deplete the oxygen supply and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide. Consistent with living in that atmosphere, naked mole-rats tolerate levels of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide that are deadly to most surface-dwelling mammals. Naked mole-rats appear to have evolved a number of remarkable adaptations to be able to thrive in this harsh atmosphere. In order to successfully survive low oxygen atmospheres, they conserve energy utilization by reducing the physiological activity of all organs, manifest by reduced heart rate and brain activity. Amazingly, they resort to the anaerobic metabolism of fructose rather than glucose as a fuel to generate energy when challenged by anoxia. Similarly, high carbon dioxide atmospheres normally cause tissue acidosis, while naked mole-rats have a genetic mutation preventing both acid-induced pain and pulmonary edema. Together, these putative adaptations and the tolerances they provide make the naked mole-rat an important model for studying a host of biomedical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince G Amoroso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Aishi Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Isabel Vargas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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7
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Heit BS, Chu A, Sane A, Featherstone DE, Park TJ, Larson J. Tonic extracellular glutamate and ischaemia: glutamate antiporter system x c - regulates anoxic depolarization in hippocampus. J Physiol 2023; 601:607-629. [PMID: 36321247 PMCID: PMC10107724 DOI: 10.1113/jp283880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In stroke, the sudden deprivation of oxygen to neurons triggers a profuse release of glutamate that induces anoxic depolarization (AD) and leads to rapid cell death. Importantly, the latency of the glutamate-driven AD event largely dictates subsequent tissue damage. Although the contribution of synaptic glutamate during ischaemia is well-studied, the role of tonic (ambient) glutamate has received far less scrutiny. The majority of tonic, non-synaptic glutamate in the brain is governed by the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xc - . Employing hippocampal slice electrophysiology, we showed that transgenic mice lacking a functional system xc - display longer latencies to AD and altered depolarizing waves compared to wild-type mice after total oxygen deprivation. Experiments which pharmacologically inhibited system xc - , as well as those manipulating tonic glutamate levels and those antagonizing glutamate receptors, revealed that the antiporter's putative effect on ambient glutamate precipitates the ischaemic cascade. As such, the current study yields novel insight into the pathogenesis of acute stroke and may direct future therapeutic interventions. KEY POINTS: Ischaemic stroke remains the leading cause of adult disability in the world, but efforts to reduce stroke severity have been plagued by failed translational attempts to mitigate glutamate excitotoxicity. Elucidating the ischaemic cascade, which within minutes leads to irreversible tissue damage induced by anoxic depolarization, must be a principal focus. Data presented here show that tonic, extrasynaptic glutamate supplied by system xc - synergizes with ischaemia-induced synaptic glutamate release to propagate AD and exacerbate depolarizing waves. Exploiting the role of system xc - and its obligate release of ambient glutamate could, therefore, be a novel therapeutic direction to attenuate the deleterious effects of acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Heit
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alex Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhay Sane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David E Featherstone
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Larson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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McCullagh EA, Peacock J, Lucas A, Poleg S, Greene NT, Gaut A, Lagestee S, Zhang Y, Kaczmarek LK, Park TJ, Tollin DJ, Klug A. Auditory brainstem development of naked mole-rats ( Heterocephalus glaber). Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220878. [PMID: 35946148 PMCID: PMC9363996 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Life underground often leads to animals having specialized auditory systems to accommodate the constraints of acoustic transmission in tunnels. Despite living underground, naked mole-rats use a highly vocal communication system, implying that they rely on central auditory processing. However, little is known about these animals' central auditory system, and whether it follows a similar developmental time course as other rodents. Naked mole-rats show slowed development in the hippocampus suggesting they have altered brain development compared to other rodents. Here, we measured morphological characteristics and voltage-gated potassium channel Kv3.3 expression and protein levels at different key developmental time points (postnatal days 9, 14, 21 and adulthood) to determine whether the auditory brainstem (lateral superior olive and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body) develops similarly to two common auditory rodent model species: gerbils and mice. Additionally, we measured the hearing onset of naked mole-rats using auditory brainstem response recordings at the same developmental timepoints. In contrast with other work in naked mole-rats showing that they are highly divergent in many aspects of their physiology, we show that naked mole-rats have a similar hearing onset, between postnatal day (P) 9 and P14, to many other rodents. On the other hand, we show some developmental differences, such as a unique morphology and Kv3.3 protein levels in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Peacock
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shani Poleg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathaniel T. Greene
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Addison Gaut
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Samantha Lagestee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leonard K. Kaczmarek
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Daniel J. Tollin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Achim Klug
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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9
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Buffenstein R, Amoroso V, Andziak B, Avdieiev S, Azpurua J, Barker AJ, Bennett NC, Brieño‐Enríquez MA, Bronner GN, Coen C, Delaney MA, Dengler‐Crish CM, Edrey YH, Faulkes CG, Frankel D, Friedlander G, Gibney PA, Gorbunova V, Hine C, Holmes MM, Jarvis JUM, Kawamura Y, Kutsukake N, Kenyon C, Khaled WT, Kikusui T, Kissil J, Lagestee S, Larson J, Lauer A, Lavrenchenko LA, Lee A, Levitt JB, Lewin GR, Lewis Hardell KN, Lin TD, Mason MJ, McCloskey D, McMahon M, Miura K, Mogi K, Narayan V, O'Connor TP, Okanoya K, O'Riain MJ, Park TJ, Place NJ, Podshivalova K, Pamenter ME, Pyott SJ, Reznick J, Ruby JG, Salmon AB, Santos‐Sacchi J, Sarko DK, Seluanov A, Shepard A, Smith M, Storey KB, Tian X, Vice EN, Viltard M, Watarai A, Wywial E, Yamakawa M, Zemlemerova ED, Zions M, Smith ESJ. The naked truth: a comprehensive clarification and classification of current 'myths' in naked mole-rat biology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:115-140. [PMID: 34476892 PMCID: PMC9277573 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has fascinated zoologists for at least half a century. It has also generated considerable biomedical interest not only because of its extraordinary longevity, but also because of unusual protective features (e.g. its tolerance of variable oxygen availability), which may be pertinent to several human disease states, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. A recent article entitled 'Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole-rat biology' described 28 'myths' which, those authors claimed, are a 'perpetuation of beautiful, but falsified, hypotheses' and impede our understanding of this enigmatic mammal. Here, we re-examine each of these 'myths' based on evidence published in the scientific literature. Following Braude et al., we argue that these 'myths' fall into four main categories: (i) 'myths' that would be better described as oversimplifications, some of which persist solely in the popular press; (ii) 'myths' that are based on incomplete understanding, where more evidence is clearly needed; (iii) 'myths' where the accumulation of evidence over the years has led to a revision in interpretation, but where there is no significant disagreement among scientists currently working in the field; (iv) 'myths' where there is a genuine difference in opinion among active researchers, based on alternative interpretations of the available evidence. The term 'myth' is particularly inappropriate when applied to competing, evidence-based hypotheses, which form part of the normal evolution of scientific knowledge. Here, we provide a comprehensive critical review of naked mole-rat biology and attempt to clarify some of these misconceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Amoroso
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - Blazej Andziak
- Graduate Center City University of New York365 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY10016U.S.A.
| | | | - Jorge Azpurua
- Department of AnesthesiologyStony Brook University101 Nicolls RoadStony BrookNY11794U.S.A.
| | - Alison J. Barker
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineRobert‐Rössle‐Str 10Berlin‐Buch13092Germany
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa
| | - Miguel A. Brieño‐Enríquez
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive MedicineMagee‐Womens Research Institute204 Craft AvenuePittsburghPA15213U.S.A.
| | - Gary N. Bronner
- Department Biological SciencesRondeboschCape Town7701South Africa
| | - Clive Coen
- Reproductive Neurobiology, Division of Women's HealthSchool of Medicine, King's College LondonWestminster Bridge RoadLondonSE1 7EHU.K.
| | - Martha A. Delaney
- Zoological Pathology ProgramUniversity of Illinois3505 Veterinary Medicine Basic Sciences Building, 2001 S Lincoln AvenueUrbanaIL6180U.S.A.
| | - Christine M. Dengler‐Crish
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheast Ohio Medical University4209 State Route 44RootstownOH44272U.S.A.
| | - Yael H. Edrey
- Northwest Vista College3535 N. Ellison DriveSan AntonioTX78251U.S.A.
| | - Chris G. Faulkes
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondonE1 4NSU.K.
| | - Daniel Frankel
- School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityMerz CourtNewcastle Upon TyneNE1 7RUU.K.
| | - Gerard Friedlander
- Université Paris DescartesFaculté de Médecine12 Rue de l'École de MédecineParis5006France
| | - Patrick A. Gibney
- Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY14853U.S.A.
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of BiologyUniversity of Rochester402 Hutchison HallRochesterNY14627U.S.A.
| | - Christopher Hine
- Cleveland ClinicLerner Research Institute9500 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH44195U.S.A.
| | - Melissa M. Holmes
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Toronto Mississauga3359 Mississauga Road NorthMississaugaONL5L 1C6Canada
| | | | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto University1‐1‐1 HonjoKumamoto860‐0811Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of BiosystemsThe Graduate University for Advanced StudiesHayama240‐0193Japan
| | - Cynthia Kenyon
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Walid T. Khaled
- The School of the Biological SciencesUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDU.K.
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamihara252‐5201Japan
| | - Joseph Kissil
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteScripps FloridaJupiterFL33458U.S.A.
| | - Samantha Lagestee
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - John Larson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - Amanda Lauer
- Department of OtolaryngologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205U.S.A.
| | - Leonid A. Lavrenchenko
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesLeninskii pr. 33Moscow119071Russia
| | - Angela Lee
- Graduate Center City University of New York365 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY10016U.S.A.
| | - Jonathan B. Levitt
- Biology DepartmentThe City College of New York138th Street and Convent AvenueNew YorkNY10031U.S.A.
| | - Gary R. Lewin
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular MedicineRobert‐Rössle‐Str 10Berlin‐Buch13092Germany
| | | | - TzuHua D. Lin
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Matthew J. Mason
- The School of the Biological SciencesUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDU.K.
| | - Dan McCloskey
- College of Staten Island in the City University of New York2800 Victory BlvdStaten IslandNY10314U.S.A.
| | - Mary McMahon
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto University1‐1‐1 HonjoKumamoto860‐0811Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamihara252‐5201Japan
| | - Vikram Narayan
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | | | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Department of Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoTokyo153‐8902Japan
| | | | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - Ned J. Place
- Cornell University College of Veterinary MedicineIthacaNY14853U.S.A.
| | - Katie Podshivalova
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | | | - Sonja J. Pyott
- Groningen Department of OtorhinolaryngologyUniversity Medical CenterPostbus 30.001GroningenRB9700The Netherlands
| | - Jane Reznick
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)University Hospital CologneJoseph‐Stelzmann‐Street 26Cologne50931Germany
| | - J. Graham Ruby
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Adam B. Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging StudiesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center4939 Charles Katz Dr.San AntonioTX78229U.S.A.
| | - Joseph Santos‐Sacchi
- Department of NeuroscienceYale University School of Medicine200 South Frontage Road, SHM C‐303New HavenCT06510U.S.A.
| | - Diana K. Sarko
- Department of AnatomySchool of Medicine, Southern Illinois University975 S. NormalCarbondaleIL62901U.S.A.
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of BiologyUniversity of Rochester402 Hutchison HallRochesterNY14627U.S.A.
| | - Alyssa Shepard
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe Scripps Research InstituteScripps FloridaJupiterFL33458U.S.A.
| | - Megan Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC1170 Veterans BlvdSouth San FranciscoCA94080U.S.A.
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of BiologyCarleton University1125 Colonel By DriveOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada
| | - Xiao Tian
- Department of Genetics – Blavatnik InstituteHarvard Medical School77 Avenue Louis PasteurBostonMA02115U.S.A.
| | - Emily N. Vice
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607U.S.A.
| | - Mélanie Viltard
- Fondation pour la recherche en PhysiologieUniversité Catholique de LouvainClos Chapelle‐aux‐Champs 30Woluwe‐saint Lambert1200Belgium
| | - Akiyuki Watarai
- Companion Animal Research, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamihara252‐5201Japan
| | - Ewa Wywial
- Biology DepartmentThe City College of New York138th Street and Convent AvenueNew YorkNY10031U.S.A.
| | - Masanori Yamakawa
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of BiosystemsThe Graduate University for Advanced StudiesHayama240‐0193Japan
| | - Elena D. Zemlemerova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionRussian Academy of SciencesLeninskii pr. 33Moscow119071Russia
| | - Michael Zions
- Graduate Center City University of New York365 Fifth AvenueNew YorkNY10016U.S.A.
| | - Ewan St. John Smith
- The School of the Biological SciencesUniversity of CambridgeTennis Court RoadCambridgeCB2 1PDU.K.
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10
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Park JH, Yoon JE, Kim YH, Kim Y, Park TJ, Kang HY. The potential skin lightening candidate, senolytic drug ABT263, for photoageing pigmentation. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:740-742. [PMID: 34773647 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in several tissues during ageing, including the skin, and contribute to the functional decline of the skin via the senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs) 1 . Due to the potential negative effects of SASPs during the ageing process, drugs that selectively target senescent cells or SASPs represent an important therapeutic strategy to delay skin ageing. The selective induction of cell death specifically to kill senescent cells using drugs, referred to as senolytics, is a main approach to achieve this strategy 2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Institution of Inflamm-aging translational research center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - J E Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Institution of Inflamm-aging translational research center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- Institution of Inflamm-aging translational research center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - T J Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Institution of Inflamm-aging translational research center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - H Y Kang
- Institution of Inflamm-aging translational research center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.,Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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11
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Vice EN, Lagestee S, Browe BM, Deb D, Smith ESJ, Park TJ. Sensory Systems of the African Naked Mole-Rat. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1319:137-156. [PMID: 34424515 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats share some sensory characteristics with other subterraneans, including lack of object vision, retention of the ability to entrain their circadian rhythm to light, and poor hearing. On the other hand, a characteristic that may be specialized in the naked mole-rat is their exquisite orienting responses to the touch of even a single body vibrissa. They have about 100 whisker-like body vibrissae on their otherwise furless bodies. They are also insensitive to chemical and inflammatory pain, likely an adaptation to living in an atmosphere that is high in carbon dioxide, a result of many respiring individuals driving carbon dioxide accumulation. Naked mole-rats have the highest population density among subterranean mammals. High levels of carbon dioxide cause tissue acidosis and associated pain. Remarkably, naked mole-rats are completely immune to carbon dioxide-induced pulmonary edema. However, they retain the ability to detect acid as a taste (sour). Finally, their ability to smell and discriminate odors is comparable to that of rats and mice, but their vomeronasal organ, associated with sensing pheromones, is extremely small and shows a complete lack of post-natal growth. In this chapter, we review what is known about the sensory systems of the naked mole-rat with emphasis on how they differ from other mammals, and even other subterraneans. More extensive accounts of the naked mole-rat's auditory and pain systems can be found in other chapters of this book.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Vice
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Lagestee
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brigitte M Browe
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deblina Deb
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Kids In Motion Pediatric Therapy Services, Highland, MI, USA
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas J Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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12
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Pergande MR, Amoroso VG, Nguyen TTA, Li W, Vice E, Park TJ, Cologna SM. PPARα and PPARγ Signaling Is Enhanced in the Brain of the Naked Mole-Rat, a Mammal that Shows Intrinsic Neuroprotection from Oxygen Deprivation. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4258-4271. [PMID: 34351155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) are a long-lived animal that do not develop age-related diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer. Additionally, NMRs have a profound ability to consume reactive oxygen species (ROS) and survive long periods of oxygen deprivation. Here, we evaluated the unique proteome across selected brain regions of NMRs at different ages. Compared to mice, we observed numerous differentially expressed proteins related to altered mitochondrial function in all brain regions, suggesting that the mitochondria in NMRs may have adapted to compensate for energy demands associated with living in a harsh, underground environment. Keeping in mind that ROS can induce polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation under periods of neuronal stress, we investigated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) peroxidation under oxygen-deprived conditions and observed that NMRs undergo DHA and AA peroxidation to a far less extent compared to mice. Further, our proteomic analysis also suggested enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation in NMRs via the PPARα-RXR and PPARγ-RXR complexes. Correspondingly, we present several lines of evidence supporting PPAR activation, including increased eicosapetenoic and omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid, as well as an upregulation of fatty acid-binding protein 3 and 4, known transporters of omega-3 fatty acids and PPAR activators. These results suggest enhanced PPARα and PPARγ signaling as a potential, innate neuroprotective mechanism in NMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Pergande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Vince G Amoroso
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Thu T A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Wenping Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Emily Vice
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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13
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Park TJ, Smith ESJ, Reznick J, Bennett NC, Applegate DT, Larson J, Lewin GR. African Naked Mole-Rats Demonstrate Extreme Tolerance to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1319:255-269. [PMID: 34424519 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are extremely tolerant to low concentrations of oxygen (hypoxia) and high concentrations of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia), which is consistent with the environment that they inhabit. Naked mole-rats combine subterranean living with living in very densely populated colonies where oxygen becomes depleted and carbon dioxide accumulates. In the laboratory, naked mole-rats fully recover from 5 h exposure to 5% O2 and 5 h exposure to 80% CO2, whereas both conditions are rapidly lethal to similarly sized laboratory mice. During anoxia (0% O2) naked mole-rats enter a suspended animation-like state and switch from aerobic metabolism of glucose to anaerobic metabolism of fructose. Additional fascinating characteristics include that naked mole-rats show intrinsic brain tolerance to anoxia; a complete lack of hypoxia-induced and CO2-induced pulmonary edema; and reduced aversion to high concentrations of CO2 and acidic fumes. Here we outline a constellation of physiological and molecular adaptations that correlate with the naked mole-rat's hypoxic/hypercapnic tolerance and which offer potential targets for ameliorating pathological conditions in humans, such as the damage caused during cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Reznick
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniel T Applegate
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Larson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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14
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Frankel D, Davies M, Bhushan B, Kulaberoglu Y, Urriola-Munoz P, Bertrand-Michel J, Pergande MR, Smith AA, Preet S, Park TJ, Vendruscolo M, Rankin KS, Cologna SM, Kumita JR, Cenac N, St John Smith E. Cholesterol-rich naked mole-rat brain lipid membranes are susceptible to amyloid beta-induced damage in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22266-22290. [PMID: 33147569 PMCID: PMC7695401 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are extraordinarily long-lived rodents that offer unique opportunities to study the molecular origins of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Remarkably, they do not accumulate amyloid plaques, even though their brains contain high concentrations of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide from a young age. Therefore, they represent a particularly favourable organism to study the mechanisms of resistance against Aβ neurotoxicity. Here we examine the composition, phase behaviour, and Aβ interactions of naked mole-rat brain lipids. Relative to mouse, naked mole-rat brain lipids are rich in cholesterol and contain sphingomyelin in lower amounts and of shorter chain lengths. Proteins associated with the metabolism of ceramides, sphingomyelins and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 were also found to be decreased in naked mole-rat brain lysates. Correspondingly, we find that naked mole-rat brain lipid membranes exhibit a high degree of phase separation, with the liquid ordered phase extending to 80% of the supported lipid bilayer. These observations are consistent with the 'membrane pacemaker' hypothesis of ageing, according to which long-living species have lipid membranes particularly resistant to oxidative damage. We also found that exposure to Aβ disrupts naked mole-rat brain lipid membranes significantly, breaking the membrane into pieces while mouse brain derived lipids remain largely intact upon Aβ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frankel
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Matthew Davies
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Yavuz Kulaberoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | | | | | - Melissa R. Pergande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Andrew A. Smith
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Swapan Preet
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kenneth S. Rankin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O’Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Stephanie M. Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Janet R. Kumita
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
- Centre for Misfolding Diseases, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
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15
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Pyott SJ, van Tuinen M, Screven LA, Schrode KM, Bai JP, Barone CM, Price SD, Lysakowski A, Sanderford M, Kumar S, Santos-Sacchi J, Lauer AM, Park TJ. Functional, Morphological, and Evolutionary Characterization of Hearing in Subterranean, Eusocial African Mole-Rats. Curr Biol 2020; 30:4329-4341.e4. [PMID: 32888484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are highly vocal, eusocial, subterranean rodents with, counterintuitively, poor hearing. The causes underlying their altered hearing are unknown. Moreover, whether altered hearing is degenerate or adaptive to their unique lifestyles is controversial. We used various methods to identify the factors contributing to altered hearing in naked and the related Damaraland mole-rats and to examine whether these alterations result from relaxed or adaptive selection. Remarkably, we found that cochlear amplification was absent from both species despite normal prestin function in outer hair cells isolated from naked mole-rats. Instead, loss of cochlear amplification appears to result from abnormal hair bundle morphologies observed in both species. By exploiting a well-curated deafness phenotype-genotype database, we identified amino acid substitutions consistent with abnormal hair bundle morphology and reduced hearing sensitivity. Amino acid substitutions were found in unique groups of six hair bundle link proteins. Molecular evolutionary analyses revealed shifts in selection pressure at both the gene and the codon level for five of these six hair bundle link proteins. Substitutions in three of these proteins are associated exclusively with altered hearing. Altogether, our findings identify the likely mechanism of altered hearing in African mole-rats, making them the only identified mammals naturally lacking cochlear amplification. Moreover, our findings suggest that altered hearing in African mole-rats is adaptive, perhaps tailoring hearing to eusocial and subterranean lifestyles. Finally, our work reveals multiple, unique evolutionary trajectories in African mole-rat hearing and establishes species members as naturally occurring disease models to investigate human hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja J Pyott
- University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel van Tuinen
- University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laurel A Screven
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Katrina M Schrode
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jun-Ping Bai
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Catherine M Barone
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Steven D Price
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anna Lysakowski
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Maxwell Sanderford
- Temple University, Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine and Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Temple University, Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine and Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; King Abdulaziz University, Center for Excellence in Genome Medicine and Research, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Santos-Sacchi
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery (Otolaryngology) and Department of Neuroscience and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Amanda M Lauer
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Browe BM, Olsen AR, Ramirez C, Rickman RH, Smith ESJ, Park TJ. The naked mole-rat has a functional purinergic pain pathway despite having a non-functional peptidergic pain pathway. Neurobiol Pain 2020; 8:100047. [PMID: 32478202 PMCID: PMC7248424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) have adaptations within their pain pathway that are beneficial to survival in large colonies within poorly ventilated burrow systems, with lower O2 and higher CO2 ambient levels than ground-level environments. These adaptations ultimately lead to a partial disruption of the C-fiber pain pathway, which enables naked mole-rats to not feel pain from the acidosis associated with CO2 accumulation. One hallmark of this disruption is that naked mole-rats do not express neuropeptides, such as Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in their cutaneous C-fibers, effectively making the peptidergic pain pathway hypofunctional. One C-fiber pathway that remains unstudied in the naked mole-rat is the non-peptidergic, purinergic pathway, despite this being a key pathway for inflammatory pain. The current study aimed to establish the functionality of the purinergic pathway in naked mole-rats and the effectiveness of cannabinoids in attenuating pain through this pathway. Cannabinoids can manage chronic inflammatory pain in both humans and mouse models, and studies suggest a major downstream role for the purinergic receptor, P2X3, in this treatment. Here we used Ca2+-imaging of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons and in vivo behavioral testing to demonstrate that the P2X3 pathway is functional in naked mole-rats. Additionally, formalin-induced inflammatory pain was reduced by the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55 (inflammatory, but not acute phase) and the P2X3 receptor antagonist A-317491 (acute and inflammatory phases). This study establishes that the purinergic C-fiber pathway is present and functional in naked mole-rats and that cannabinoid-mediated analgesia occurs in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M. Browe
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abigail R. Olsen
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cesar Ramirez
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca H. Rickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | | | - Thomas J. Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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18
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Smith ESJ, Park TJ, Lewin GR. Independent evolution of pain insensitivity in African mole-rats: origins and mechanisms. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2020; 206:313-325. [PMID: 32206859 PMCID: PMC7192887 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-020-01414-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is famous for its longevity and unusual physiology. This eusocial species that lives in highly ordered and hierarchical colonies with a single breeding queen, also discovered secrets enabling somewhat pain-free living around 20 million years ago. Unlike most mammals, naked mole-rats do not feel the burn of chili pepper's active ingredient, capsaicin, nor the sting of acid. Indeed, by accumulating mutations in genes encoding proteins that are only now being exploited as targets for new pain therapies (the nerve growth factor receptor TrkA and voltage-gated sodium channel, NaV1.7), this species mastered the art of analgesia before humans evolved. Recently, we have identified pain insensitivity as a trait shared by several closely related African mole-rat species. One of these African mole-rats, the Highveld mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus pretoriae), is uniquely completely impervious and pain free when confronted with electrophilic compounds that activate the TRPA1 ion channel. The Highveld mole-rat has evolved a biophysical mechanism to shut down the activation of sensory neurons that drive pain. In this review, we will show how mole-rats have evolved pain insensitivity as well as discussing what the proximate factors may have been that led to the evolution of pain-free traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Thomas J Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle Str. 10, D-13125, Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Eigenbrod O, Debus KY, Reznick J, Bennett NC, Sánchez-Carranza O, Omerbašić D, Hart DW, Barker AJ, Zhong W, Lutermann H, Katandukila JV, Mgode G, Park TJ, Lewin GR. Rapid molecular evolution of pain insensitivity in multiple African rodents. Science 2019; 364:852-859. [PMID: 31147513 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Noxious substances, called algogens, cause pain and are used as defensive weapons by plants and stinging insects. We identified four previously unknown instances of algogen-insensitivity by screening eight African rodent species related to the naked mole-rat with the painful substances capsaicin, acid (hydrogen chloride, pH 3.5), and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). Using RNA sequencing, we traced the emergence of sequence variants in transduction channels, like transient receptor potential channel TRPA1 and voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7, that accompany algogen insensitivity. In addition, the AITC-insensitive highveld mole-rat exhibited overexpression of the leak channel NALCN (sodium leak channel, nonselective), ablating AITC detection by nociceptors. These molecular changes likely rendered highveld mole-rats immune to the stings of the Natal droptail ant. Our study reveals how evolution can be used as a discovery tool to find molecular mechanisms that shut down pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Eigenbrod
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karlien Y Debus
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Reznick
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Oscar Sánchez-Carranza
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Damir Omerbašić
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel W Hart
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Alison J Barker
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei Zhong
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Lutermann
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Jestina V Katandukila
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa.,University of Dar es Salaam, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation, P.O. Box 35064, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Georgies Mgode
- Pest Management Centre, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Thomas J Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary R Lewin
- Molecular Physiology of Somatic Sensation, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Nguyen TTA, Li W, Park TJ, Gong LW, Cologna SM. Investigating Phosphorylation Patterns of the Ion Channel TRPM7 Using Multiple Extraction and Enrichment Techniques Reveals New Phosphosites. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:1359-1367. [PMID: 31140077 PMCID: PMC10026262 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of membrane proteins, and in particular ion channels, is crucial to understanding cellular function. Mass spectrometry-based approaches including bottom-up strategies to study membrane proteins have been successful yet still can remain challenging. In this study, we sought to evaluate the phosphorylation patterns of the ion channel TRPM7 which is involved in a range of critical physiological functions. To overcome extraction obstacles associated with analyzing membrane proteins, we incorporated the use of 5% SDS solubilization coupled with SCAD and S-Trap digestion methods to eliminate detergent interference in downstream LC-MS/MS analysis. We found that the SCAD method was more efficient, yielding 84% of the overall identified proteins; however, the variability was greater than the S-Trap method. Using both methods together with TiO2 and Fe-NTA phospho-enrichment protocols, we successfully observed the phosphorylation pattern of TRPM7 in a transfected cell line. An average of 22 ± 6% of the TRPM7 amino acid sequence was observed. In addition to several previously reported phosphorylation sites, we identified six new phosphosites (S5, S233, S554, S824, T1265, and S1401), providing new targets for further functional analyses of TRPM7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu T A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Wenping Li
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Liang-Wei Gong
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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21
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Barone CM, Douma S, Reijntjes DOJ, Browe BM, Köppl C, Klump G, Park TJ, Pyott SJ. Altered cochlear innervation in developing and mature naked and Damaraland mole rats. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2302-2316. [PMID: 30861124 PMCID: PMC6767702 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared to many other rodent species, naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) have elevated auditory thresholds, poor frequency selectivity, and limited ability to localize sound. Because the cochlea is responsible for encoding and relaying auditory signals to the brain, we used immunofluorescence and quantitative image analysis to examine cochlear innervation in mature and developing naked mole rats compared to mice (Mus musculus), gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), and Damaraland mole rats (Fukomys damarensis), another subterranean rodent. In comparison to mice and gerbils, we observed alterations in afferent and efferent innervation as well as their patterns of developmental refinement in naked and Damaraland mole rats. These alterations were, however, not always shared similarly between naked and Damaraland mole rats. Most conspicuously, in both naked and Damaraland mole rats, inner hair cell (IHC) afferent ribbon density was reduced, whereas outer hair cell afferent ribbon density was increased. Naked and Damaraland mole rats also showed reduced lateral and medial efferent terminal density. Developmentally, naked mole rats showed reduced and prolonged postnatal reorganization of afferent and efferent innervation. Damaraland mole rats showed no evidence of postnatal reorganization. Differences in cochlear innervation specifically between the two subterranean rodents and more broadly among rodents provides insight into the cochlear mechanisms that enhance frequency sensitivity and sound localization, maturation of the auditory system, and the evolutionary adaptations occurring in response to subterranean environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Barone
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sytse Douma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël O J Reijntjes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte M Browe
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christine Köppl
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Georg Klump
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4All", Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas J Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sonja J Pyott
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Dennis JC, Stilwell NK, Smith TD, Park TJ, Bhatnagar KP, Morrison EE. Is the Mole Rat Vomeronasal Organ Functional? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:318-329. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. Dennis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology Auburn University Auburn Alabama
| | | | - Timothy D. Smith
- School of Physical Therapy Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock Pennsylvania
- Department of Anthropology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Kunwar P. Bhatnagar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky
| | - Edward E. Morrison
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology Auburn University Auburn Alabama
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23
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Das V, Kc R, Li X, Varma D, Qiu S, Kroin JS, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, van Wijnen AJ, Park TJ, Stein GS, O-Sullivan I, Burris TP, Im HJ. Corrigendum to "Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock reveals a novel analgesic for osteoarthritis-induced pain" [GENE 655 (2018) 1-12]. Gene 2019; 680:105. [PMID: 29890121 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Das
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Disha Varma
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sujun Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeffrey S Kroin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Insug O-Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, IL, USA.
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24
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Das V, Kc R, Li X, Varma D, Qiu S, Kroin JS, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, van Wijnen AJ, Park TJ, Stein GS, O-Sullivan I, Burris TP, Im HJ. Corrigendum to “Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (Flt-1), reveals a novel analgesic for osteoarthritis-induced joint pain” [Gene Rep. 11 (2018) 94–100]. Gene Reports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Browe BM, Vice EN, Park TJ. Naked Mole‐Rats: Blind, Naked, and Feeling No Pain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 303:77-88. [PMID: 30365235 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M. Browe
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience 840 West Taylor St, Chicago Illinois
| | - Emily N. Vice
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience 840 West Taylor St, Chicago Illinois
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago, Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience 840 West Taylor St, Chicago Illinois
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26
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Okanoya K, Yosida S, Barone CM, Applegate DT, Brittan-Powell EF, Dooling RJ, Park TJ. Auditory-vocal coupling in the naked mole-rat, a mammal with poor auditory thresholds. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:905-914. [PMID: 30232547 PMCID: PMC6208660 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are extremely social and extremely vocal rodents, displaying a wide range of functionally distinct call types and vocalizing almost continuously. Their vocalizations are low frequency, and a behavioral audiogram has shown that naked mole-rats, like other subterranean mammals, hear only low frequencies. Hence, the frequency range of their hearing and vocalizations appears to be well matched. However, even at low frequencies, naked mole-rats show very poor auditory thresholds, suggesting vocal communication may be effective only over short distances. However, in a tunnel environment where low frequency sounds propagate well and background noise is low, it may be that vocalizations travel considerable distances at suprathreshold intensities. Here, we confirmed hearing sensitivity using the auditory brainstem response; we characterized signature and alarm calls in intensity and frequency domains and we measured the effects of propagation through tubes with the diameter of naked mole-rat tunnels. Signature calls—used for intimate communication—could travel 3–8 m at suprathreshold intensities, and alarm calls (lower frequency and higher intensity), could travel up to 15 m. Despite this species’ poor hearing sensitivity, the naked mole-rat displays a functional, coupled auditory-vocal communication system—a hallmark principle of acoustic communication systems across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okanoya
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yosida
- Department of Cognitive and Information Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Catherine M Barone
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel T Applegate
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Robert J Dooling
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Das V, Kc R, Li X, O-Sullivan I, van Wijnen AJ, Kroin JS, Pytowski B, Applegate DT, Votta-Velis G, Ripper RL, Park TJ, Im HJ. Blockade of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (Flt-1), Reveals a Novel Analgesic For Osteoarthritis-Induced Joint Pain. Gene Rep 2018; 11:94-100. [PMID: 30873504 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful and debilitating disease. A striking feature of OA is the dramatic increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and in new blood vessel formation in the joints, both of which correlate with the severity of OA pain. Our aim was to determine whether anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) - MF-1 (mAb to VEGFR1) and DC101 (mAb to VEGFR2) - can reduce OA pain and can do so by targeting VEGF signaling pathways such as Flt-1 (VEGFR1) and Flk-1 (VEGFR2). After IACUC approval, OA was induced by partial medial meniscectomy (PMM) in C57/BL6 mice (20 g). ln the first experiment, for validation of VEGFR1 in DRG, the mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was stimulated with NGF for 48 hours to find the relative gene induction for VEGFR1 vs. 18S by RT-PCR. In the second experiment, Biotin-conjugated VEGFA (1 µg/knee joint) was administered in the left knee joint of mice with advanced OA in order to characterization of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. pVEGFR1/VEGFR2 was detected by immunostaining in DRGs. Finally, MF-1 and DC101 were administered in OA mice by both intrathecal (IT) and intraarticular (IA) injections, and the change in paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured. Retrograde transport of VEGF was confirmed for detection of pVEGFR1/VEGFR2 in the DRG. PMM surgery led to development of OA and mechanical allodynia, with reduced paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) (P<0.0001). IT injection of MF-1 led to a reduction of allodynia in advanced OA, but injection of DC101 did not. IA injection of MF-1 or DC101 at one week after PMM injury did not reduce allodynia, but when injected in advanced OA mice joints at 12 weeks, both Mabs increased PWT an indicator of analgesia. Our data show that MF-1 (VEGR1 inhibition) decreases pain in advanced OA after IT or IA injection. Activation of MF-1 or DC101 may ameliorate OA-related joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Das
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - InSug O-Sullivan
- Department of Internal Medicine, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey S Kroin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bronislaw Pytowski
- Eli Lilly and Company, Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Daniel T Applegate
- Department of Biological Science, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Illinois, USA
| | - Gina Votta-Velis
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Illinois, USA
| | - Richard L Ripper
- Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Science, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Illinois, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Bioengineering, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Illinois, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, Illinois, USA
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28
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Das V, Kc R, Li X, Varma D, Qiu S, Kroin JS, Forsyth CB, Keshavarzian A, van Wijnen AJ, Park TJ, Stein GS, O-Sullivan I, Burris TP, Im HJ. Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock reveals a novel analgesic for osteoarthritis-induced pain. Gene 2018; 655:1-12. [PMID: 29474860 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental disruption of the circadian rhythm is linked with increased pain due to osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to characterize the role of the clock gene in OA-induced pain more systemically using both genetic and pharmacological approaches. Genetically modified mice, (bmal1f/fNav1.8CreERT mice), generated by deleting the critical clock gene, bmal1, from Nav1.8 sensory neurons, were resistant to the development of mechanical hyperalgesia associated with OA induced by partial medial meniscectomy (PMM) of the knee. In wild-type mice, induction of OA by PMM surgery led to a substantial increase in BMAL1 expression in DRG neurons. Interestingly, pharmacological activation of the REV-ERB (a negative regulator of bmal1 transcription) with SR9009 resulted in reduction of BMAL1 expression, and a significant decrease in mechanical hyperalgesia associated with OA. Cartilage degeneration was also significantly reduced in mice treated with the REV-ERB agonist SR9009. Based on these data, we also assessed the effect of pharmacological activation of REV-ERB using a model of environmental circadian disruption with its associated mechanical hyperalgesia, and noted that SR9009 was an effective analgesic in this model as well. Our data clearly demonstrate that genetic disruption of the molecular clock, via deletion of bmal1 in the sensory neurons of the DRG, decreases pain in a model of OA. Furthermore, pharmacological activation of REV-ERB leading to suppression of BMAL1 expression may be an effective method for treating OA-related pain, as well as to reduce joint damage associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Das
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ranjan Kc
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Disha Varma
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sujun Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jeffrey S Kroin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher B Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Insug O-Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, IL, USA.
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29
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Lee SG, Mikhalchenko AE, Yim SH, Lobanov AV, Park JK, Choi KH, Bronson RT, Lee CK, Park TJ, Gladyshev VN. Naked Mole Rat Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Contribution to Interspecific Chimera. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1706-1720. [PMID: 29107591 PMCID: PMC5829328 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs) are exceptionally long-lived, cancer-resistant rodents. Identifying the defining characteristics of these traits may shed light on aging and cancer mechanisms. Here, we report the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from NMR fibroblasts and their contribution to mouse-NMR chimeric embryos. Efficient reprogramming could be observed under N2B27+2i conditions. The iPSCs displayed a characteristic morphology, expressed pluripotent markers, formed embryoid bodies, and showed typical differentiation patterns. Interestingly, NMR embryonic fibroblasts and the derived iPSCs had propensity for a tetraploid karyotype and were resistant to forming teratomas, but within mouse blastocysts they contributed to both interspecific placenta and fetus. Gene expression patterns of NMR iPSCs were more similar to those of human than mouse iPSCs. Overall, we uncovered unique features of NMR iPSCs and report a mouse-NMR chimeric model. The iPSCs and associated cell culture systems can be used for a variety of biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aleksei E Mikhalchenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143028, Russia
| | - Sun Hee Yim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexei V Lobanov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do 232-916, Korea
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Lim JM, Choi JH, Choi JW, Yun JW, Park TJ, Park JP. Cloning, Expression, and Production of Xylo-Oligosaccharides by Using a Newly Screened Xylanase Isolated from Bovine Rumen. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:1347-1357. [PMID: 29027104 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Choi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 181 Ipsin-gil, Jeongeup-si, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Department of Bioindustry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - J W Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - T J Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Research Institute of Halal Industrialization Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - J P Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, 290 Yugok-dong, Gyeongsan, 38610, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Park TJ, Reznick J, Peterson BL, Blass G, Omerbašić D, Bennett NC, Kuich PHJL, Zasada C, Browe BM, Hamann W, Applegate DT, Radke MH, Kosten T, Lutermann H, Gavaghan V, Eigenbrod O, Bégay V, Amoroso VG, Govind V, Minshall RD, Smith ESJ, Larson J, Gotthardt M, Kempa S, Lewin GR. Fructose-driven glycolysis supports anoxia resistance in the naked mole-rat. Science 2017; 356:307-311. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Gessele N, Garcia-Pino E, Omerbašić D, Park TJ, Koch U. Structural Changes and Lack of HCN1 Channels in the Binaural Auditory Brainstem of the Naked Mole-Rat (Heterocephalus glaber). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146428. [PMID: 26760498 PMCID: PMC4711988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) live in large eu-social, underground colonies in narrow burrows and are exposed to a large repertoire of communication signals but negligible binaural sound localization cues, such as interaural time and intensity differences. We therefore asked whether monaural and binaural auditory brainstem nuclei in the naked mole-rat are differentially adjusted to this acoustic environment. Using antibody stainings against excitatory and inhibitory presynaptic structures, namely the vesicular glutamate transporter VGluT1 and the glycine transporter GlyT2 we identified all major auditory brainstem nuclei except the superior paraolivary nucleus in these animals. Naked mole-rats possess a well structured medial superior olive, with a similar synaptic arrangement to interaural-time-difference encoding animals. The neighboring lateral superior olive, which analyzes interaural intensity differences, is large and elongated, whereas the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, which provides the contralateral inhibitory input to these binaural nuclei, is reduced in size. In contrast, the cochlear nucleus, the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus and the inferior colliculus are not considerably different when compared to other rodent species. Most interestingly, binaural auditory brainstem nuclei lack the membrane-bound hyperpolarization-activated channel HCN1, a voltage-gated ion channel that greatly contributes to the fast integration times in binaural nuclei of the superior olivary complex in other species. This suggests substantially lengthened membrane time constants and thus prolonged temporal integration of inputs in binaural auditory brainstem neurons and might be linked to the severely degenerated sound localization abilities in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikodemus Gessele
- Neurophysiology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabet Garcia-Pino
- Neurophysiology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Damir Omerbašić
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ursula Koch
- Neurophysiology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ma S, Lee SG, Kim EB, Park TJ, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V, Buffenstein R, Seravalli J, Gladyshev VN. Organization of the Mammalian Ionome According to Organ Origin, Lineage Specialization, and Longevity. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1319-1326. [PMID: 26549444 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trace elements are essential to all mammals, but their distribution and utilization across species and organs remains unclear. Here, we examined 18 elements in the brain, heart, kidney, and liver of 26 mammalian species and report the elemental composition of these organs, the patterns of utilization across the species, and their correlation with body mass and longevity. Across the organs, we observed distinct distribution patterns for abundant elements, transition metals, and toxic elements. Some elements showed lineage-specific patterns, including reduced selenium utilization in African mole rats, and positive correlation between the number of selenocysteine residues in selenoprotein P and the selenium levels in liver and kidney across mammals. Body mass was linked positively to zinc levels, whereas species lifespan correlated positively with cadmium and negatively with selenium. This study provides insights into the variation of mammalian ionome by organ physiology, lineage specialization, body mass, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology and The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Javier Seravalli
- Redox Biology Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Ma S, Yim SH, Lee SG, Kim EB, Lee SR, Chang KT, Buffenstein R, Lewis KN, Park TJ, Miller RA, Clish CB, Gladyshev VN. Organization of the Mammalian Metabolome according to Organ Function, Lineage Specialization, and Longevity. Cell Metab 2015; 22:332-43. [PMID: 26244935 PMCID: PMC4758382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biological diversity among mammals is remarkable. Mammalian body weights range seven orders of magnitude and lifespans differ more than 100-fold among species. While genetic, dietary, and pharmacological interventions can be used to modulate these traits in model organisms, it is unknown how they are determined by natural selection. By profiling metabolites in brain, heart, kidney, and liver tissues of 26 mammalian species representing ten taxonomical orders, we report metabolite patterns characteristic of organs, lineages, and species longevity. Our data suggest different rates of metabolite divergence across organs and reveal patterns representing organ-specific functions and lineage-specific physiologies. We identified metabolites that correlated with species lifespan, some of which were previously implicated in longevity control. We also compared the results with metabolite changes in five long-lived mouse models and observed some similar patterns. Overall, this study describes adjustments of the mammalian metabolome according to lifespan, phylogeny, and organ and lineage specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sun Hee Yim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- The National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- The National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology and The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Kaitlyn N Lewis
- Department of Physiology and The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Villar D, Berthelot C, Aldridge S, Rayner TF, Lukk M, Pignatelli M, Park TJ, Deaville R, Erichsen JT, Jasinska AJ, Turner JMA, Bertelsen MF, Murchison EP, Flicek P, Odom DT. Enhancer evolution across 20 mammalian species. Cell 2015; 160:554-66. [PMID: 25635462 PMCID: PMC4313353 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian radiation has corresponded with rapid changes in noncoding regions of the genome, but we lack a comprehensive understanding of regulatory evolution in mammals. Here, we track the evolution of promoters and enhancers active in liver across 20 mammalian species from six diverse orders by profiling genomic enrichment of H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 trimethylation. We report that rapid evolution of enhancers is a universal feature of mammalian genomes. Most of the recently evolved enhancers arise from ancestral DNA exaptation, rather than lineage-specific expansions of repeat elements. In contrast, almost all liver promoters are partially or fully conserved across these species. Our data further reveal that recently evolved enhancers can be associated with genes under positive selection, demonstrating the power of this approach for annotating regulatory adaptations in genomic sequences. These results provide important insight into the functional genetics underpinning mammalian regulatory evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Villar
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Camille Berthelot
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sarah Aldridge
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tim F Rayner
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Margus Lukk
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Miguel Pignatelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Robert Deaville
- UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme (CSIP) and Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Jonathan T Erichsen
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Anna J Jasinska
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James M A Turner
- Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
| | - Mads F Bertelsen
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth P Murchison
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
| | - Duncan T Odom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
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Abstract
Many vertebrates are challenged by either chronic or acute episodes of low oxygen availability in their natural environments. Brain function is especially vulnerable to the effects of hypoxia and can be irreversibly impaired by even brief periods of low oxygen supply. This review describes recent research on physiological mechanisms that have evolved in certain vertebrate species to cope with brain hypoxia. Four model systems are considered: freshwater turtles that can survive for months trapped in frozen-over lakes, arctic ground squirrels that respire at extremely low rates during winter hibernation, seals and whales that undertake breath-hold dives lasting minutes to hours, and naked mole-rats that live in crowded burrows completely underground for their entire lives. These species exhibit remarkable specializations of brain physiology that adapt them for acute or chronic episodes of hypoxia. These specializations may be reactive in nature, involving modifications to the catastrophic sequelae of oxygen deprivation that occur in non-tolerant species, or preparatory in nature, preventing the activation of those sequelae altogether. Better understanding of the mechanisms used by these hypoxia-tolerant vertebrates will increase appreciation of how nervous systems are adapted for life in specific ecological niches as well as inform advances in therapy for neurological conditions such as stroke and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Larson
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Fang X, Seim I, Huang Z, Gerashchenko MV, Xiong Z, Turanov AA, Zhu Y, Lobanov AV, Fan D, Yim SH, Yao X, Ma S, Yang L, Lee SG, Kim EB, Bronson RT, Šumbera R, Buffenstein R, Zhou X, Krogh A, Park TJ, Zhang G, Wang J, Gladyshev VN. Adaptations to a subterranean environment and longevity revealed by the analysis of mole rat genomes. Cell Rep 2014; 8:1354-64. [PMID: 25176646 PMCID: PMC4350764 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subterranean mammals spend their lives in dark, unventilated environments that are rich in carbon dioxide and ammonia and low in oxygen. Many of these animals are also long-lived and exhibit reduced aging-associated diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. We sequenced the genome of the Damaraland mole rat (DMR, Fukomys damarensis) and improved the genome assembly of the naked mole rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber). Comparative genome analyses, along with the transcriptomes of related subterranean rodents, revealed candidate molecular adaptations for subterranean life and longevity, including a divergent insulin peptide, expression of oxygen-carrying globins in the brain, prevention of high CO2-induced pain perception, and enhanced ammonia detoxification. Juxtaposition of the genomes of DMR and other more conventional animals with the genome of NMR revealed several truly exceptional NMR features: unusual thermogenesis, an aberrant melatonin system, pain insensitivity, and unique processing of 28S rRNA. Together, these genomes and transcriptomes extend our understanding of subterranean adaptations, stress resistance, and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Fang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Inge Seim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | | | - Maxim V Gerashchenko
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Anton A Turanov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Alexei V Lobanov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Sun Hee Yim
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Siming Ma
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lan Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Radim Šumbera
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology and The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Anders Krogh
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Guojie Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, South Korea.
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Tupal S, Rieger MA, Ling GY, Park TJ, Dougherty JD, Goodchild AK, Gray PA. Testing the role of preBötzinger Complex somatostatin neurons in respiratory and vocal behaviors. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3067-77. [PMID: 25040660 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying neurons essential for the generation of breathing and related behaviors such as vocalisation is an important question for human health. The targeted loss of preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) glutamatergic neurons, including those that express high levels of somatostatin protein (SST neurons), eliminates normal breathing in adult rats. Whether preBötC SST neurons represent a functionally specialised population is unknown. We tested the effects on respiratory and vocal behaviors of eliminating SST neuron glutamate release by Cre-Lox-mediated genetic ablation of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2). We found the targeted loss of VGlut2 in SST neurons had no effect on viability in vivo, or on respiratory period or responses to neurokinin 1 or μ-opioid receptor agonists in vitro. We then compared medullary SST peptide expression in mice with that of two species that share extreme respiratory environments but produce either high or low frequency vocalisations. In the Mexican free-tailed bat, SST peptide-expressing neurons extended beyond the preBötC to the caudal pole of the VII motor nucleus. In the naked mole-rat, however, SST-positive neurons were absent from the ventrolateral medulla. We then analysed isolation vocalisations from SST-Cre;VGlut2(F/F) mice and found a significant prolongation of the pauses between syllables during vocalisation but no change in vocalisation number. These data suggest that glutamate release from preBötC SST neurons is not essential for breathing but play a species- and behavior-dependent role in modulating respiratory networks. They further suggest that the neural network generating respiration is capable of extensive plasticity given sufficient time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Tupal
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Byun IG, Lee JH, Lee JM, Lim JS, Park TJ. Evaluation of non-thermal effects by microwave irradiation in hydrolysis of waste-activated sludge. Water Sci Technol 2014; 70:742-749. [PMID: 25116507 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The activation energy (Ea) for waste-activated sludge (WAS) hydrolysis was compared between microwave irradiation (MW) and conventional heating (CH) methods to evaluate the non-thermal effect of MW. The microwave-assisted hydrolysis of WAS was assumed to follow the first-order kinetics on the basis of volatile suspended solids (VSS) conversion to soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) for different initial VSS concentrations. By comparing the VSS decrement and the SCOD increment between MW and CH at different absolute temperatures of 323, 348 and 373 K, the average ratio of VSS conversion to SCOD was determined to range from 1.42 to 1.64 g SCOD/g VSS. These results corresponded to the theoretical value of 1.69 g SCOD/g VSS based on the assumption that the molecular formula of sludge was C10H19O3N. Consequently, the Ea of the MW-assisted WAS hydrolysis was much lower than that of CH for the same temperature conditions. The non-thermal effect of MW in the hydrolysis of WAS could be identified with the lower Ea than that of CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Byun
- Institute for Environmental Technology and Industry, Pusan National University, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea E-mail:
| | - J M Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea E-mail:
| | - J S Lim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea E-mail:
| | - T J Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Korea E-mail:
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St John Smith E, Purfürst B, Grigoryan T, Park TJ, Bennett NC, Lewin GR. Specific paucity of unmyelinated C-fibers in cutaneous peripheral nerves of the African naked-mole rat: comparative analysis using six species of Bathyergidae. J Comp Neurol 2013; 520:2785-803. [PMID: 22528859 PMCID: PMC3410526 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian peripheral nerves, unmyelinated C-fibers usually outnumber myelinated A-fibers. By using transmission electron microscopy, we recently showed that the saphenous nerve of the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has a C-fiber deficit manifested as a substantially lower C:A-fiber ratio compared with other mammals. Here we determined the uniqueness of this C-fiber deficit by performing a quantitative anatomical analysis of several peripheral nerves in five further members of the Bathyergidae mole-rat family: silvery (Heliophobius argenteocinereus), giant (Fukomys mechowii), Damaraland (Fukomys damarensis), Mashona (Fukomys darlingi), and Natal (Cryptomys hottentotus natalensis) mole-rats. In the largely cutaneous saphenous and sural nerves, the naked mole-rat had the lowest C:A-fiber ratio (∼1.5:1 compared with ∼3:1), whereas, in nerves innervating both skin and muscle (common peroneal and tibial) or just muscle (lateral/medial gastrocnemius), this pattern was mostly absent. We asked whether lack of hair follicles alone accounts for the C-fiber paucity by using as a model a mouse that loses virtually all its hair as a consequence of conditional deletion of the β-catenin gene in the skin. These β-catenin loss-of function mice (β-cat LOF mice) displayed only a mild decrease in C:A-fiber ratio compared with wild-type mice (4.42 compared with 3.81). We suggest that the selective cutaneous C-fiber deficit in the cutaneous nerves of naked mole-rats is unlikely to be due primarily to lack of skin hair follicles. Possible mechanisms contributing to this unique peripheral nerve anatomy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, D 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Acidosis in the skin triggers activation of pain pathways and behaviors indicative of pain in vertebrates. The exception is the naked mole-rat, the only known vertebrate to show physiological and behavioral insensitivity to acid pain in the skin. The goal of the present study was to determine behavioral and physiological responses of this species to airborne acidic fumes, which would be expected to affect the trigeminal pain pathway in other species. Behaviorally, naked mole-rats did not avoid fumes from moderately high concentrations of acetic acid (10 and 20%), and c Fos labeling showed no increase in activity in the trigeminal nuclei and nucleus tractus solitarius. In contrast, these concentrations triggered behavioral aversion and increased Fos activity in other laboratory rodents. For a very high concentration of acetic acid (50%), naked mole-rats showed significant avoidance behavior and increased Fos labeling in the nucleus tractus solitarius caudal region, which receives vagal chemosensory information. However, there was no increase in trigeminal labeling, and in fact, activity significantly decreased. This pattern is opposite of that associated with another irritant, ammonia fumes, which elicited an increase in trigeminal but not nucleus tractus solitarius Fos labeling, and no behavioral avoidance. Behavioral avoidance of acidic fumes, but no increased labeling in the trigeminal pain nucleus is consistent with the notion of adaptations to blunt acid pain, which would be advantageous for naked mole-rats as they normally live under chronically high levels of acidosis-inducing CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Colleen LaVinka
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Peterson BL, Larson J, Buffenstein R, Park TJ, Fall CP. Blunted neuronal calcium response to hypoxia in naked mole-rat hippocampus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31568. [PMID: 22363676 PMCID: PMC3283646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are highly social and strictly subterranean rodents that live in large communal colonies in sealed and chronically oxygen-depleted burrows. Brain slices from naked mole-rats show extreme tolerance to hypoxia compared to slices from other mammals, as indicated by maintenance of synaptic transmission under more hypoxic conditions and three fold longer latency to anoxic depolarization. A key factor in determining whether or not the cellular response to hypoxia is reversible or leads to cell death may be the elevation of intracellular calcium concentration. In the present study, we used fluorescent imaging techniques to measure relative intracellular calcium changes in CA1 pyramidal cells of hippocampal slices during hypoxia. We found that calcium accumulation during hypoxia was significantly and substantially attenuated in slices from naked mole-rats compared to slices from laboratory mice. This was the case for both neonatal (postnatal day 6) and older (postnatal day 20) age groups. Furthermore, while both species demonstrated more calcium accumulation at older ages, the older naked mole-rats showed a smaller calcium accumulation response than even the younger mice. A blunted intracellular calcium response to hypoxia may contribute to the extreme hypoxia tolerance of naked mole-rat neurons. The results are discussed in terms of a general hypothesis that a very prolonged or arrested developmental process may allow adult naked mole-rat brain to retain the hypoxia tolerance normally only seen in neonatal mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L. Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John Larson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Barshop Institute and Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Fall
- Department of BioEngineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., United States of America
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Malinouski M, Kehr S, Finney L, Vogt S, Carlson BA, Seravalli J, Jin R, Handy DE, Park TJ, Loscalzo J, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. High-resolution imaging of selenium in kidneys: a localized selenium pool associated with glutathione peroxidase 3. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:185-92. [PMID: 21854231 PMCID: PMC3234661 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent advances in quantitative methods and sensitive imaging techniques of trace elements provide opportunities to uncover and explain their biological roles. In particular, the distribution of selenium in tissues and cells under both physiological and pathological conditions remains unknown. In this work, we applied high-resolution synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) to map selenium distribution in mouse liver and kidney. RESULTS Liver showed a uniform selenium distribution that was dependent on selenocysteine tRNA([Ser]Sec) and dietary selenium. In contrast, kidney selenium had both uniformly distributed and highly localized components, the latter visualized as thin circular structures surrounding proximal tubules. Other parts of the kidney, such as glomeruli and distal tubules, only manifested the uniformly distributed selenium pattern that co-localized with sulfur. We found that proximal tubule selenium localized to the basement membrane. It was preserved in Selenoprotein P knockout mice, but was completely eliminated in glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) knockout mice, indicating that this selenium represented GPx3. We further imaged kidneys of another model organism, the naked mole rat, which showed a diminished uniformly distributed selenium pool, but preserved the circular proximal tubule signal. INNOVATION We applied XFM to image selenium in mammalian tissues and identified a highly localized pool of this trace element at the basement membrane of kidneys that was associated with GPx3. CONCLUSION XFM allowed us to define and explain the tissue topography of selenium in mammalian kidneys at submicron resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikalai Malinouski
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Sebastian Kehr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Lydia Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
- Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Javier Seravalli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Richard Jin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
| | - Diane E. Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massaachusetts
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Kim EB, Fang X, Fushan AA, Huang Z, Lobanov AV, Han L, Marino SM, Sun X, Turanov AA, Yang P, Yim SH, Zhao X, Kasaikina MV, Stoletzki N, Peng C, Polak P, Xiong Z, Kiezun A, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Kryukov GV, Zhang Q, Peshkin L, Yang L, Bronson RT, Buffenstein R, Wang B, Han C, Li Q, Chen L, Zhao W, Sunyaev SR, Park TJ, Zhang G, Wang J, Gladyshev VN. Genome sequencing reveals insights into physiology and longevity of the naked mole rat. Nature 2011; 479:223-7. [PMID: 21993625 PMCID: PMC3319411 DOI: 10.1038/nature10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole rat (NMR, Heterocephalus glaber) is a strictly subterranean, extraordinarily long-lived eusocial mammal1. Although the size of a mouse, its maximum lifespan exceeds 30 years and makes this animal the longest living rodent. NMRs show negligible senescence, no age-related increase in mortality, and high fecundity until death2. In addition to delayed aging, NMRs are resistant to both spontaneous cancer and experimentally induced tumorigenesis3,4. NMRs pose a challenge to the theories that link aging, cancer and redox homeostasis. Although characterized by significant oxidative stress5, the NMR proteome does not show age-related susceptibility to oxidative damage nor increased ubiquitination6. NMRs naturally reside in large colonies with a single breeding female, the “queen,” who suppresses the sexual maturity of her subordinates11. NMRs also live in full darkness, at low oxygen and high carbon dioxide concentrations7, and are unable to sustain thermogenesis8 nor feel certain types of pain9,10. Here we report sequencing and analysis of the NMR genome, which revealed unique genome features and molecular adaptations consistent with cancer resistance, poikilothermy, hairlessness, altered visual function, circadian rhythms and taste sensing, and insensitivity to low oxygen. This information provides insights into NMR’s exceptional longevity and capabilities to live in hostile conditions, in the dark and at low oxygen. The extreme traits of NMR, together with the reported genome and transcriptome information, offer unprecedented opportunities for understanding aging and advancing many other areas of biological and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea
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Park TJ, Lee SJ, Pan JG, Jung HC, Park JY, Park JP, Lee SY. DNA capturing machinery through spore-displayed proteins. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:445-51. [PMID: 21801185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to develop a general method for the facile development of a new DNA biosensor which utilizes streptavidin-displayed spores as a molecular machinery. METHODS AND RESULTS Fluorescence spectroscopy was used as a monitoring tool for the streptavidin displayed on the surface of Bacillus thuringiensis spores and as a diagnosis method for DNA detection. As a proof-of-concept, four pathogenic bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia were used for the detection of pathogenic species. In addition, a set of mutant variants of Wilson's disease were also used for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in this system. CONCLUSIONS This strategy, utilizing streptavidin-displayed spores, is capable of capturing DNA targets for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and for mutation analysis in Wilson's disease. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This approach could be useful as a simple platform for developing sensitive spore-based biosensors for any desired DNA targets in diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Park
- BioProcess Engineering Research Center, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
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Kasaikina MV, Lobanov AV, Malinouski MY, Lee BC, Seravalli J, Fomenko DE, Turanov AA, Finney L, Vogt S, Park TJ, Miller RA, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. Reduced utilization of selenium by naked mole rats due to a specific defect in GPx1 expression. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:17005-14. [PMID: 21372135 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.216267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole rat (MR) Heterocephalus glaber is a rodent model of delayed aging because of its unusually long life span (>28 years). It is also not known to develop cancer. In the current work, tissue imaging by x-ray fluorescence microscopy and direct analyses of trace elements revealed low levels of selenium in the MR liver and kidney, whereas MR and mouse brains had similar selenium levels. This effect was not explained by uniform selenium deficiency because methionine sulfoxide reductase activities were similar in mice and MR. However, glutathione peroxidase activity was an order of magnitude lower in MR liver and kidney than in mouse tissues. In addition, metabolic labeling of MR cells with (75)Se revealed a loss of the abundant glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) band, whereas other selenoproteins were preserved. To characterize the MR selenoproteome, we sequenced its liver transcriptome. Gene reconstruction revealed standard selenoprotein sequences except for GPx1, which had an early stop codon, and SelP, which had low selenocysteine content. When expressed in HEK 293 cells, MR GPx1 was present in low levels, and its expression could be rescued neither by removing the early stop codon nor by replacing its SECIS element. In addition, GPx1 mRNA was present in lower levels in MR liver than in mouse liver. To determine if GPx1 deficiency could account for the reduced selenium content, we analyzed GPx1 knock-out mice and found reduced selenium levels in their livers and kidneys. Thus, MR is characterized by the reduced utilization of selenium due to a specific defect in GPx1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Kasaikina
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Brand A, Smith ESJ, Lewin GR, Park TJ. Functional neurokinin and NMDA receptor activity in an animal naturally lacking substance P: the naked mole-rat. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15162. [PMID: 21200438 PMCID: PMC3006196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are extremely unusual among mammals in that their cutaneous C-fibers lack the neuropeptide Substance P (SP). In other mammals, SP plays an important role in nociception: it is released from C-fibers onto spinal neurons where it facilitates NMDA receptor activity and causes sensitization that can last for minutes, hours or days. In the present study, we tested the effects of intrathecal application of: 1) SP, 2) an SP antagonist (GR-82334), and 3) an NMDA antagonist (APV) on heat-evoked foot withdrawal. In the naked mole-rat, at a high enough concentration, application of SP caused a large, immediate, and long-lasting sensitization of foot withdrawal latency that was transiently reversed by application of either antagonist. However, neither SP nor NMDA antagonists had an effect when administered alone to naïve animals. In contrast, both antagonists induced an increase in basal withdrawal latency in mice. These results indicate that spinal neurons in naked mole-rats have functional SP and NMDA receptors, but that these receptors do not participate in heat-evoked foot withdrawal unless SP is experimentally introduced. We propose that the natural lack of SP in naked mole-rat C-fibers may have resulted during adaptation to living in a chronically high carbon dioxide, high ammonia environment that, in other mammals, would stimulate C-fibers and evoke nocifensive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Brand
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ewan St. J. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gary R. Lewin
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Park
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Smith ESJ, Blass GRC, Lewin GR, Park TJ. Absence of histamine-induced itch in the African naked mole-rat and "rescue" by Substance P. Mol Pain 2010; 6:29. [PMID: 20497578 PMCID: PMC2886013 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has proposed a pathway in which sensory neurons expressing the capsaicin activated ion channel TRPV1 are required for histamine-induced itch and subsequent scratching behavior. We examined histamine-induced itch in the African naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) and found that although naked mole-rats display innate scratching behavior, histamine was unable to evoke increased scratching as is observed in most mouse strains. Using calcium imaging, we examined the histamine sensitivity of naked mole-rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and identified a population of small diameter neurons activated by histamine, the majority of which are also capsaicin-sensitive. This suggested that naked mole-rat sensory neurons are activated by histamine, but that spinal dorsal horn processing of sensory information is not the same as in other rodents. We have previously shown that naked mole-rats naturally lack substance P (SP) in cutaneous C-fibers, but that the neurokinin-1 receptor is expressed in the superficial spinal cord. This led us to investigate if SP deficiency plays a role in the lack of histamine-induced scratching in this species. After intrathecal administration of SP into the spinal cord we observed robust scratching behavior in response to histamine injection. Our data therefore support a model in which TRPV1-expressing sensory neurons are important for histamine-induced itch. In addition, we demonstrate a requirement for active, SP-induced post-synaptic drive to enable histamine sensitive afferents to drive itch-related behavior in the naked mole-rat. These results illustrate that it is altered dorsal horn connectivity of nociceptors that underlies the lack of itch and pain-related behavior in the naked mole-rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan St John Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rossle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
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Kim E, Cheong HS, Bae JS, Chun J, Park TJ, Lee K, Yun Y, Shin HD. Identification of genetic polymorphisms in bovine mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2551-5. [PMID: 20418455 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the intent was to identify genetic polymorphisms of mitochondrial (mt) DNA in Korean cattle (Bos taurus coreana) and to analyze the genetic relationship between Korean cattle and other breeds. Whole mtDNA genomes (16,338 bp) of 26 animals (16 Korean cattle and 10 Holsteins) were directly sequenced. Multiple alignments, including 26 whole-mtDNA sequences obtained by direct sequencing and 10 mtDNA sequences from a public database (National Center for Biotechnology Information), revealed 393 mtDNA polymorphisms (382 SNP, 3 heteroplasmies, and 8 insertion-deletion polymorphisms). Estimated gene diversity of mtDNA was 0.00198 among these 36 animals. Phylogenic analysis with mtDNA polymorphisms revealed a distinct genetic difference between Bos taurus (Korean, Japanese Black, Holstein, and Fleckvieh breeds) and Bos indicus (Nellore and Zwergzebu breeds). The genetic information regarding mtDNA polymorphisms identified in this study would be useful for further investigation of mtDNA in other breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School, Cheju National University, Cheju, Korea, 153-801
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Jeong GW, Kim TH, Lee MS, Kang HK, Park TJ. A New Method for the Quantification of Brain Activation in Conjunction with SPM Tools in fMR Images. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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