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Katiyar S, Ahmad S, Kumar A, Ansari A, Bisen AC, Ahmad I, Gulzar F, Bhatta RS, Tamrakar AK, Sashidhara KV. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1,4-Dihydropyridine-Indole as a Potential Antidiabetic Agent via GLUT4 Translocation Stimulation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11957-11974. [PMID: 39013034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for the discovery of antidiabetic compounds, a series of 27 1,4-dihydropyridine-indole derivatives were synthesized using a diversity approach. These compounds were systematically evaluated for their antidiabetic activity, starting with an in vitro assessment for GLUT4 translocation stimulation in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes, followed by in vivo antihyperglycemic activity evaluation in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Among the synthesized compounds, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 27, and 35 demonstrated significant potential to stimulate GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells. Compound 19 exhibited the highest potency and was selected for in vivo evaluation. A notable reduction of 21.6% (p < 0.01) in blood glucose levels was observed after 5 h of treatment with compound 19 in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic studies affirmed that compound 19 was favorable to oral exposure with suitable pharmacological parameters. Overall, compound 19 emerged as a promising lead compound for further structural modification and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Katiyar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Alisha Ansari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishbal Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Farah Gulzar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Garg R, Katekar R, Parwez S, Agarwal A, Sahu S, Dadge S, Verma S, Goand UK, Siddiqi MI, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes by suppressing hepatic glucose production. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 944:175559. [PMID: 36764353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevated plasma glucose concentration, as a consequence of excessive hepatic glucose production, plays a pivotal role in the development of diabetes. A chromogranin A-derived diabetogenic peptide Pancreastatin (PST) enhances hepatic glucose output leading to diabetes. Therefore, here we probed the role of PSTi8, a PST inhibitor in ameliorating diabetes by investigating the effect of high glucose (HG) or PST on glucose metabolism. Further, we also explored the action mechanism of the underlying anti-hyperglycemic effect of PSTi8. PSTi8 treatment rescue cultured L6 and HepG2 cells from HG and PST-induced insulin resistance, respectively. It also enhances insulin receptor kinase activity by interacting with the insulin receptor and enhancing GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake. Thus, our in-silico and in-vitro data support the PST-dependent and independent activity of PSTi8. Additionally, PSTi8 treatment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats improved glucose tolerance by lowering blood glucose and plasma PST levels. Concomitantly, the treated animals exhibited reduced hepatic glucose production accompanied by downregulation of hepatic gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G6Pase. PSTi8-treated rats also exhibited enhanced hepatic glycogen in line with reduced plasma glucagon concentrations. Consistently, improved plasma insulin levels in PSTi8-treated rats enhanced skeletal muscle glucose disposal via enhanced P-Akt expression. In summary, these findings suggest PSTi8 has anti-hyperglycemic properties with enhanced skeletal muscle glucose disposal and reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis both PST dependent as well as independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shahid Parwez
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | | | | | - Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Umesh K Goand
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics, India; Pharmacology Division, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Korthikunta V, Singh R, Srivastava R, Pandey J, Srivastava A, Chaturvedi U, Mishra A, Srivastava AK, Tamrakar AK, Tadigoppula N. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of benzofuran-based chromenochalcones for antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activities. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:470-481. [PMID: 36970150 PMCID: PMC10033782 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of benzofuran-based chromenochalcones (16-35) were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activities in L-6 skeletal muscle cells and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat models, respectively, and further in vivo dyslipidemia activity of the compounds was evaluated in a Triton-induced hyperlipidemic hamster model. Among them, compounds 16, 18, 21, 22, 24, 31, and 35 showed significant glucose uptake stimulatory effects in skeletal muscle cells and were further evaluated for in vivo efficacy. Compounds 21, 22, and 24 showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Compounds 16, 20, 21, 24, 28, 29, 34, 35, and 36 were found active in antidyslipidemic studies. Furthermore, compound 24 effectively improved the postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance, serum lipid profile, serum insulin level, and the HOMA-index of db/db mice, following 15 days of successive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Korthikunta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
| | - Rohit Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Sector 19 Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad-201002 India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Education C-1/A, Sector-62 Noida Uttar Pradesh-201309 India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Sector 19 Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Atul Srivastava
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
| | - Upma Chaturvedi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Sector 19 Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Narender Tadigoppula
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow (U.P.) - 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Sector 19 Kamla Nehru Nagar Ghaziabad-201002 India
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Tinosporaside from Tinospora cordifolia Encourages Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport through Both PI-3-Kinase- and AMPK-Dependent Mechanisms. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020483. [PMID: 36677541 PMCID: PMC9864719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The stem of Tinospora cordifolia has been traditionally used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for blood sugar control, without the knowledge of the underlying mechanism and chemical constitution responsible for the observed anti-diabetic effect. In the present study, Tinosporaside, a diterpenoid isolated from the stem of T. cordifolia, was investigated for its effects on glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells, which was followed by determining the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy in our diabetic db/db mice model. We found that tinosporaside augmented glucose uptake by increasing the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in L6 myotubes, upon prolonged exposure for 16 h. Moreover, tinosporaside treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B/AKT (Ser-473) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, Thr-172). These effects were abolished in the presence of the wortmannin and compound C. Administration of tinosporaside to db/db mice improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity associated with increased gene expression and phosphorylation of the markers of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle tissue. The findings revealed that tinosporaside exerted its antidiabetic efficacy by enhancing the rate of glucose utilization in skeletal muscle, mediated by PI3K- and AMPK-dependent signaling mechanisms.
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Guru B, Tamrakar AK, Manjula S, Prashantha Kumar B. Novel dual PPARα/γ agonists protect against liver steatosis and improve insulin sensitivity while avoiding side effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pandey AR, Ahmad S, Singh SP, Mishra A, Bisen AC, Sharma G, Ahmad I, Shukla SK, Bhatta RS, Kanojiya S, Tamrakar AK, Sashidhara KV. Furostanol saponins from Asparagus racemosus as potential hypoglycemic agents. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 201:113286. [PMID: 35752344 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity guided phytochemical investigation led to isolation of six undescribed furostanol saponins, furoasparoside A-F along with five known compounds, gallic acid, methyl gallate, quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, liquiritigenin 4׳-O-β-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-glucopyranoside and β-glucogallin for the first time from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. Isolated saponins were screened for their antidiabetic potential in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes in vitro followed by an in vivo evaluation in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and db/db mice. Furoasparoside E produced a notable decrease in the postprandial blood glucose profile, in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, type 2 diabetes model. The effect of furoasparoside E on GLUT4 translocation was found to be mediated by the AMPK-dependent signaling pathway in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes. Moreover, it emerged as a stable plant metabolite with higher bioavailability and efficacy in in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Therefore, these studies indicated that furoasparoside E may serve as a propitious lead for the management of type 2 diabetes and its secondary complications from natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Raj Pandey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Shadab Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Ishbal Ahmad
- Division of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, U.P., India.
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Aidhen IS, Srikanth S, Lal H. The Emerging Promise with O/C‐Glycosides of Important Dietary Phenolic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrapal Singh Aidhen
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Chemistry Adyar 600036 Chennai INDIA
| | | | - Heera Lal
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chemistry 600036 Chennai INDIA
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Gupta J, Singh DP, Verma PC, Rahuja N, Srivastava R, Ahmad I, Jaiswal N, Kumar H, Gupta AP, Gupta V, Misra A, Kushwaha HN, Singh B, Singh SK, Dwivedi AK, Gayen JR, Sanyal S, Srivastava AK, Pratap R, Tamrakar AK. Pregnane-Oximino-Alkyl-Amino-Ether Compound as a Novel Class of TGR5 Receptor Agonist Exhibiting Antidiabetic and Anti-Dyslipidemic Activities. Pharmacology 2021; 107:54-68. [PMID: 34814141 DOI: 10.1159/000519721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study deals with the synthesis of pregnane-oximino-amino-alkyl-ethers and their evaluation for antidiabetic and anti-dyslipidemic activities in validated animal and cell culture models. METHODS The effect on glucose tolerance was measured in sucrose-loaded rats; antidiabetic activity was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic db/db mice; the anti-dyslipidemic effect was characterized in high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed dyslipidemic hamsters. The effect on glucose production and glucose utilization was analyzed in HepG2 liver and L6 skeletal muscle cells, respectively. RESULTS From the synthesized molecules, pregnane-oximino-amino-alkyl-ether (compound 14b) improved glucose clearance in sucrose-loaded rats and exerted antihyperglycemic activity on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further evaluation in genetically diabetic db/db mice showed temporal decrease in blood glucose, and improvement in glucose tolerance and lipid parameters, associated with mild improvement in the serum insulin level. Moreover, compound 14b treatment displayed an anti-dyslipidemic effect characterized by significant improvement in altered lipid parameters of the high-fructose, HFD-fed dyslipidemic hamster model. In vitro analysis in the cellular system suggested that compound 14b decreased glucose production in liver cells and stimulated glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells. These beneficial effects of compound 14b were associated with the activation of the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5. CONCLUSION Compound 14b exhibits antidiabetic and anti-dyslipidemic activities through activating the TGR5 receptor system and can be developed as a lead for the management of type II diabetes and related metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Gupta
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Dharmendra P Singh
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Prem C Verma
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Neha Rahuja
- Division of Bio-chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Division of Bio-chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ishbal Ahmad
- Division of Bio-chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Natasha Jaiswal
- Division of Bio-chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Division of Bio-chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anamika Misra
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Hari N Kushwaha
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Bhawani Singh
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheo K Singh
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil K Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Division of Pharmaceutics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Bio-chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Division of Bio-chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ram Pratap
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Bio-chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Guru B, Tamrakar AK, Mandal SP, Kumar PBR, Sharma A, Manjula SN. A Novel Partial PPARγ Agonist Has Weaker Lipogenic Effect in Adipocytes and Stimulates GLUT4 Translocation in Skeletal Muscle Cells via AMPK-Dependent Signaling. Pharmacology 2021; 107:90-101. [PMID: 34736259 DOI: 10.1159/000519331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists are highly effective in treating insulin resistance. However, associated side effects such as weight gain due to increase in adipogenesis and lipogenesis hinder their clinical use. The aim of the study was to design and synthesize novel partial PPARγ agonists with weaker lipogenic effect in adipocytes and enhanced glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation stimulatory effect in skeletal muscle cells. METHODS Novel partial PPARγ agonists (GS1, GS2, and GS3) were designed and screened to predict their binding interactions with PPARγ by molecular docking. The stability of the docked ligand-PPARγ complex was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds was tested in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myoblasts by MTT assay. The lipogenic effect was investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using oil red O staining and GLUT4 translocation stimulatory effect in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes by an antibody-coupled colorimetric assay. RESULTS The molecular docking showed the binding interactions between designed agonists and PPARγ. MD simulation demonstrated good stability between the GS2-PPARγ complex. GS2 and GS3 did not show any significant effect on cell viability up to 80 or 100 μM concentration. Pioglitazone treatment significantly increased intracellular lipid accumulation in adipocytes compared to control. However, this effect was significantly less in GS2- and GS3-treated conditions compared to pioglitazone at 10 μM concentration, indicating weaker lipogenic effect. Furthermore, GS2 significantly stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in a dose-dependent manner via the AMPK-dependent signaling pathway in skeletal muscle cells. CONCLUSION GS2 may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus without adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavimani Guru
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Subhankar P Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Prashantha B R Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Singh Aidhen I, Thoti N. Natural Products & Bioactivity Inspired Synthetic Pursuits Interfacing with Carbohydrates: Ongoing Journey with C-Glycosides. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3131-3177. [PMID: 34714570 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, remains the most important source for the discovery of new drugs for the treatment of human diseases. This has inspired the synthetic community to design and develop mimics of natural products either to answer important questions in biology or to explore their therapeutic potentials. Glycosides present themselves abundantly in nature, right from the cell surface receptors to natural products of any origin. The O-Glycosides are hydrolytically less stable compared to C-glycosides and this feature has presented a great opportunity for drug discovery. The discovery of Dapagliflozin, an SGLT inhibitor and C-glucoside, for the treatment of diabetes is one such example. Aryl acyl-anion chemistry has been explored for the synthesis of 2-deoxy-C-aryl furanoside/pyranoside/septanosides. Besides success, the studies have provided valuable insight into the natural propensities of the architectural framework for the cascade to furan derivatives. The aryl acyl-anion chemistry has also enabled the synthesis of biologically active diaryl heptanoids. Inspired from sucesss of Dapagliflozin, new analogues have been synthesized with pyridine and isocoumarin heterocycle as the proximal ring. C-glucosides of isoliquiritigenin have been synthesized for the first time and evaluated as an efficient aldose reductase inhibitor. The synthesis and evaluation of acyl-C-β-D-glucosides and benzyl-C-β-D-glucoside as glucose-uptake promoters has revealed promise in small molecules. The concept of building blocks has been used to obtain natural oxylipins, D-xylo and L-xylo-configured alkane tetrols and novel lipophilic ketones with erythro/threo configured trihydroxy polar head-group as possible anti-mycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrapal Singh Aidhen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Naveenkumar Thoti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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Jahan S, Mahmud MH, Khan Z, Alam A, Khalil AA, Rauf A, Tareq AM, Nainu F, Tareq SM, Emran TB, Khan M, Khan IN, Wilairatana P, Mubarak MS. Health promoting benefits of pongamol: An overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112109. [PMID: 34470730 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived chemicals are a source of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Throughout the human civilization, these novel chemicals have led to the discovery of new pharmacological active agents. Research on herbal medicine is of great importance, as most of the active agents used for treating numerous diseases are from natural sources, while other agents are either semisynthetic or synthetic. Pongamol, a flavonoid, which is the main constituent of Pongamia pinnata, is one such active agents, which exhibits diverse pharmacological activities. Various in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that pongamol is a potentially active agent, as it exerts anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities. Accordingly, the aim of the present review was to give an up-to-date overview on the chemistry, isolation, bioavailability, pharmacological activity, and health benefits of pongamol. This review focuses on the medicinal and health promoting activities of pongamol, along with possible mechanisms of action. For this purpose, this review summarizes the most recent literature pertaining to pongamol as a therapeutic agent against several diseases. In addition, the review covers information related to the toxicological assessment and safety of this phytochemical, and highlights the medicinal and folk values of this compound against various diseases and ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Jahan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Hasan Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Ashraful Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
| | - Syed Mohammed Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Muneeb Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Goel B, Tripathi N, Bhardwaj N, Sahu B, Jain SK. Therapeutic Potential of Genus Pongamia and Derris: Phytochemical and Bioactivity. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:920-951. [PMID: 33238843 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201124211846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genus Pongamia and Derris belong to the Leguminosae family and are reported synonymously in literature. Although many compounds have been isolated from different plant parts but seed oil is known to produce non-edible medicinally important furanoflavonoids. The seed oil, commonly known as Karanj oil in Ayurvedic and Siddha traditional systems of medicine, is reported for the treatment of various skin infections and psoriasis. Several phytopharmacological investigations have proved the medicinal potential of furanoflavonoids in the skin and other disorders. Not only furanoflavonoids but several other important phenolic constituents such as chalcones, dibenzoylmethanes, aurones, isoflavones, flavanone dihydroflavonol, flavans, pterocarpans, rotenoids, coumarins, coumestans, stilbenoids and peltygynoids and their glycosides have been reported for different biological activities including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, insecticidal, anti-alzheimer's, gastro protective, antifungal, antibacterial, etc. In the present review, the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genera Pongamia and Derris have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Quantification and Optimization of Ethanolic Extract Containing the Bioactive Flavonoids from Millettia pulchra Radix. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123641. [PMID: 34203624 PMCID: PMC8232251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millettia pulchra is traditionally used for treating diseases, including joint pain, fever, anemia, and allergies. It is also a potential resource of natural flavonoid derivatives, which represents major constituents of this plant. This study aimed to isolate the major compounds from M. pulchra radix, develop and validate the HPLC-PDA method to determine their contents, and optimize its extraction. Four major flavonoid derivatives (karanjin, lanceolatin B, 2”,2”-dimethylpyrano-[5″,6″:7,8]-flavone, and pongamol) were isolated using silica gel column chromatography, crystallization techniques in large amounts with high purities (>95%). A simple, accurate high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (HPLC–PDA) detection method has been developed and validated with significantly statistical impacts according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were employed to predictive performance and optimization of the extraction process. The optimized conditions for the extraction of major flavonoids were: extraction time (twice), solvent/material ratio (9.5), and ethanol concentration (72.5%). Our research suggests an effective method, which will be helpful for quality control in the pharmaceutical development of this species.
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β-Sitosterol-D-Glucopyranoside Mimics Estrogenic Properties and Stimulates Glucose Utilization in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113129. [PMID: 34073781 PMCID: PMC8197182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogenic molecules have been reported to regulate glucose homeostasis and may be beneficial for diabetes management. Here, we investigated the estrogenic effect of β-sitosterol-3-O-D-glucopyranoside (BSD), isolated from the fruits of Cupressus sempervirens and monitored its ability to regulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells. BSD stimulated ERE-mediated luciferase activity in both ERα and ERβ-ERE luc expression system with greater response through ERβ in HEK-293T cells, and induced the expression of estrogen-regulated genes in estrogen responsive MCF-7 cells. In silico docking and molecular interaction studies revealed the affinity and interaction of BSD with ERβ through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond pairing. Furthermore, prolonged exposure of L6-GLUT4myc myotubes to BSD raised the glucose uptake under basal conditions without affecting the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the effect associated with enhanced translocation of GLUT4 to the cell periphery. The BSD-mediated biological response to increase GLUT4 translocation was obliterated by PI-3-K inhibitor wortmannin, and BSD significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser-473). Moreover, BSD-induced GLUT4 translocation was prevented in the presence of fulvestrant. Our findings reveal the estrogenic activity of BSD to stimulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells via PI-3K/AKT-dependent mechanism.
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Complexin-2 redistributes to the membrane of muscle cells in response to insulin and contributes to GLUT4 translocation. Biochem J 2021; 478:407-422. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle cells by rapidly redistributing vesicles containing GLUT4 glucose transporters from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane (PM). GLUT4 vesicle fusion requires the formation of SNARE complexes between vesicular VAMP and PM syntaxin4 and SNAP23. SNARE accessory proteins usually regulate vesicle fusion processes. Complexins aide in neuro-secretory vesicle-membrane fusion by stabilizing trans-SNARE complexes but their participation in GLUT4 vesicle fusion is unknown. We report that complexin-2 is expressed and homogeneously distributed in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. Upon insulin stimulation, a cohort of complexin-2 redistributes to the PM. Complexin-2 knockdown markedly inhibited GLUT4 translocation without affecting proximal insulin signalling of Akt/PKB phosphorylation and actin fiber remodelling. Similarly, complexin-2 overexpression decreased maximal GLUT4 translocation suggesting that the concentration of complexin-2 is finely tuned to vesicle fusion. These findings reveal an insulin-dependent regulation of GLUT4 insertion into the PM involving complexin-2.
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Upadhyay HC, Mishra A, Pandey J, Sharma P, Tamrakar AK, Srivastava AK, Khan F, Srivastava SK. In vitro, in vivo and in silico Antihyperglycemic Activity of Some Semi-synthetic Phytol Derivatives. Med Chem 2020; 18:115-121. [PMID: 33327922 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666201216124018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the prevalence of type-2 diabetes across the globe, there is unmet need to explore new molecular targets for the development of cost-effective and safer antihyperglycemic agents. OBJECTIVE Structural modification of phytol and evaluation of in vitro, in vivo and in silico antihyperglycemic activity of derivatives establishing the preliminary structure activity relationship (SAR). METHODS The semi-synthetic derivatives of phytol were prepared following previously described methods. The antihyperglycemic potential was measured in vitro in terms of increase in 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake by L-6 rat skeletal muscle cells as well as in vivo in sucrose-loaded (SLM) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat models. The blood glucose profile was measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 1440 min post administration of sucrose in rats. The in silico docking was performed on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) as anti-diabetic target along with absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) studies. RESULTS Nine semi-synthetic ester derivatives: acetyl (1), lauroyl (2), palmitoyl (3), pivaloyl (4), trans-crotonyl (5), benzoyl (6), m-anisoyl (7), 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzoyl (8) cinnamoyl (9) along with bromo derivative (10) of phytol were prepared. The derivatives 9, 8 and 2 caused 4.5, 3.2 and 2.7 times more in vitro uptake of 2-DG respectively than rosiglitazone (ROSI). The derivatives showed significant improvement on oral glucose tolerance both in SLM (29.6-21%) as well as STZ-induced diabetic (30.8-19.0%) rats. The in silico ADMET, docking studies showed non-toxicity and high binding affinity with PPARγ. CONCLUSION The potent antihyperglycemic activity with favorable pharmacokinetics supports phytol derivatives as suitable antidiabetic lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish C Upadhyay
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Metabolic and Structural Biology Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Lucknow-226015. India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031. India
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031. India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Metabolic and Structural Biology Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Lucknow-226015. India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031. India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031. India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Metabolic and Structural Biology Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Lucknow-226015. India
| | - Santosh K Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Metabolic and Structural Biology Department; CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.- CIMAP, Lucknow-226015. India
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Saadeldeen FS, Niu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Meng L, Chen S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Waterhouse GIN, Liu Z, Kang W. Natural products: Regulating glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Antioxidant Effects and Mechanisms of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: An Updated Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1356893. [PMID: 32148647 PMCID: PMC7042557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1356893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that majorly affects the endocrine gland, and it is symbolized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance owing to deficient insulin secretory responses and beta cell dysfunction. This ailment affects as many as 451 million people worldwide, and it is also one of the leading causes of death. In spite of the immense advances made in the development of orthodox antidiabetic drugs, these drugs are often considered not successful for the management and treatment of T2DM due to the myriad side effects associated with them. Thus, the exploration of medicinal herbs and natural products as therapeutic sources for the treatment of T2DM is promoted because they have little or no side effects. Bioactive molecules isolated from natural sources have been proven to lower blood glucose levels via regulating one or more of the following mechanisms: improvement of beta cell function, insulin resistance, glucose (re)absorption, and glucagon-like peptide-1 homeostasis. In recent times, the mechanisms of action of different bioactive molecules with antidiabetic properties and phytochemistry are gaining a lot of attention in the area of drug discovery. This review article presents an update of the findings from clinical research into medicinal plant therapy for T2DM.
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Taderera T, Chagonda LS, Gomo E, Katerere D, Shai LJ. Annona stenophylla aqueous extract stimulate glucose uptake in established C2Cl2 muscle cell lines. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2219-2229. [PMID: 31656507 PMCID: PMC6794551 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annona stenophylla is a folk medicine popularly used in Zimbabwe for the treatment of many ailments. This study was carried out to determine some of the possible anti diabetic mechanisms of its action using in vitro cell culturing methods. METHODS A. stenophylla's effects on glucose uptake were tested using muscle cells (C2Cl2). Expression of glucose 4 transporters was determined by treating cell lines with plant extract. Total RNA was isolated and using RT-PCR, GLUT 4 expression levels were quantified. Translocation of GLUT 4 was assessed using FITC fluorescence measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment of cells with plant extract significantly increased glucose uptake in a concentration dependent manner, with the highest concentration (250 µg/ml) giving 28% increased uptake compared to the negative control. The increase in glucose uptake (2.5 times more than control) was coupled to increase in GLUT 4 mRNA and subsequently GLUT 4 translocation. Wortmannin expunged the A. stenophylla induced increase in GLUT 4 mRNA and glucose uptake. CONCLUSION The results suggest that A. stenophylla aqueous extract increases glucose uptake partly through increasing the GLUT 4 mRNA and translocation potentially acting via the PI-3-K pathway. This study confirms the ethnopharmacological uses of A. stenophylla indicating potential for anti-diabetic products formulation.
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Prabha B, Neethu S, Krishnan SL, Sherin D, Madhukrishnan M, Ananthakrishnan R, Rameshkumar K, Manojkumar T, Jayamurthy P, Radhakrishnan K. Antidiabetic potential of phytochemicals isolated from the stem bark of Myristica fatua Houtt. var. magnifica (Bedd.) Sinclair. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3461-3467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Arha D, Ramakrishna E, Gupta AP, Rai AK, Sharma A, Ahmad I, Riyazuddin M, Gayen JR, Maurya R, Tamrakar AK. Isoalantolactone derivative promotes glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells and increases energy expenditure in db/db mice via activating AMPK-dependent signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 460:134-151. [PMID: 28736255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Augmenting glucose utilization and energy expenditure in skeletal muscle via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an imperative mechanism for the management of type 2 diabetes. Chemical derivatives (2a-2h, 3, 4a-4d, 5) of the isoalantolactone (K007), a bioactive molecule from roots of Inula racemosa were synthesized to optimize the bioactivity profile to stimulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells. Interestingly, 4a augmented glucose uptake, driven by enhanced translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to cell periphery in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. The effect of 4a was independent to phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI-3-K)/Akt pathway, but mediated through Liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMPK-dependent signaling, leading to activation of downstream targets acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c). In db/db mice, 4a administration decreased blood glucose level and improved body mass index, lipid parameters and glucose tolerance associated with elevation of GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle. Moreover, 4a increased energy expenditure via activating substrate utilization and upregulated the expression of thermogenic transcription factors and mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle, suggesting the regulation of energy balance. These findings suggest the potential implication of isoalantolactone derivatives for the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Arha
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - E Ramakrishna
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Amit K Rai
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ishbal Ahmad
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India.
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Adam SH, Giribabu N, Bakar NMA, Salleh N. Marantodes pumilum (Kacip fatimah) enhances in-vitro glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells and reduces pancreatic complications in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced male diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:716-726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Ramakrishna KKG, Thakur RK, Pasam VR, Pandey J, Mahar R, Shukla SK, Tamrakar AK, Tripathi RP. Synthesis of novel glycosyl-1,2,3-1H-triazolyl methyl quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and their effect on GLUT4 translocation. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pandeti S, Arha D, Mishra A, Reddy SS, Srivastava AK, Narender T, Tamrakar AK. Glucose uptake stimulatory potential and antidiabetic activity of the Arnebin-1 from Arnabia nobelis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 789:449-457. [PMID: 27521155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The enhanced disposal of glucose by the peripheral tissue is an important mechanism to regulate hyperglycemia. Here, we investigated the effect of Arnebin-1 from Arnebia nobilis, on glucose disposal in skeletal muscle cells and explored its in vivo antihyperglycemic potential. In L6 myotubes, Arnebin-1 stimulated glucose uptake, mediated through the enhanced translocation of the glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) to plasma membrane, without changing the amount of GLUT4 or GLUT1. These effects of Arnebin-1 were synergistic with that of insulin. The effect of Arnebin-1 on glucose uptake was abolished in presence of wortmannin, and Arnebin-1 significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt and downstream marker GSK-3β. Moreover, treatment with Arnebin-1 lowered postprandial blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and improved glucose tolerance and suppressed the rises in the fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in db/db mice, associated with enhanced expression of the major marker of the PI-3-Kinase-mediated signaling cascade in skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that Arnebin-1 exert antihyperglycemic activity through stimulating glucose disposal in peripheral tissues via PI-3-Kinase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Pandeti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Deepti Arha
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sabbu Sathish Reddy
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India.
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Patel OPS, Mishra A, Maurya R, Saini D, Pandey J, Taneja I, Raju KSR, Kanojiya S, Shukla SK, Srivastava MN, Wahajuddin M, Tamrakar AK, Srivastava AK, Yadav PP. Naturally Occurring Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya koenigii as Potential Antidiabetic Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1276-1284. [PMID: 27136692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study identified koenidine (4) as a metabolically stable antidiabetic compound, when evaluated in a rodent type 2 model (leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice), and showed a considerable reduction in the postprandial blood glucose profile with an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Biological studies were directed from the preliminary in vitro evaluation of the effects of isolated carbazole alkaloids (1-6) on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes, followed by an investigation of their activity (2-5) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The effect of koenidine (4) on GLUT4 translocation was mediated by the AKT-dependent signaling pathway in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes. Moreover, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of compounds 2 and 4 clearly showed that compound 4 was 2.7 times more bioavailable than compound 2, resulting in a superior in vivo efficacy. Therefore, these studies suggested that koenidine (4) may serve as a promising lead natural scaffold for managing insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ranjani Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Isha Taneja
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kanumuri S R Raju
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sanjeev K Shukla
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mahendra N Srivastava
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - M Wahajuddin
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Prem P Yadav
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, ‡Division of Biochemistry, §Division of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, ∥Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, and ⊥Division of Botany, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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Hardikar MR, Varma ME, Kulkarni AA, Kulkarni PP, Joshi BN. Elucidation of hypoglycemic action and toxicity studies of insulin-like protein from Costus igneus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 124:99-107. [PMID: 26854130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have reported earlier, an orally active insulin-like protein (ILP) from Costus igneus having potent hypoglycemic property in STZ-induced diabetic Swiss mice. The blood glucose level was reduced significantly within two hours after feeding ILP orally in an oral glucose tolerance test. The present study elucidates the mechanism underlying the hypoglycemic action of ILP. Mechanism of action of ILP was studied in differentiated L6 myotubes. 2-NBDG uptake stimulated by ILP was studied in differentiated L6 myotubes under normoglycemic, hyperglycemic and induced insulin resistant conditions. ILP treatment significantly increased 2-NBDG uptake in differentiated L6 myotubes. The levels of insulin signaling molecules IRS-1 and GLUT-4 were assessed in ILP treated L6 myotubes by immunoblot analysis of cytoplasmic and plasma membrane fractions respectively. Immunoblot analysis revealed an increase in cytoplasmic IRS-1 with a concomitant increase in GLUT-4 translocation to the plasma membrane in a time dependent manner. Toxicity studies of ILP were performed on normal as well as diabetic Swiss albino mice. ILP did not show any toxicity in the acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in normal as well as diabetic Swiss albino mice. Mass spectrometry was carried out to identify ILP. MALDI TOF/TOF MS analysis of ILP revealed sequence homology with the predicted protein from Physcomitrella patens. Our study reveals that ILP acts via insulin signaling pathway and can be used as oral insulin mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi R Hardikar
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India
| | - Mokshada E Varma
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India
| | - Anjali A Kulkarni
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Prasad P Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India
| | - Bimba N Joshi
- Bioprospecting Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411 004, India.
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Arha D, Pandeti S, Mishra A, Srivastava SP, Srivastava AK, Narender T, Tamrakar AK. Deoxyandrographolide promotes glucose uptake through glucose transporter-4 translocation to plasma membrane in L6 myotubes and exerts antihyperglycemic effect in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 768:207-16. [PMID: 26528798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the principal site for postprandial glucose utilization and augmenting the rate of glucose utilization in this tissue may help to control hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus. Here, we explored the effect of Deoxyandrographolide (DeoAn) isolated from the Andrographis paniculata Nees on glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and investigated its antihyperglycemic effect in vivo in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic db/db mice. In L6 myotubes, DeoAn dose-dependently stimulated glucose uptake by enhancing the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to cell surface, without affecting the total cellular GLUT4 and GLUT1 content. These effects of DeoAn were additive to insulin. Further analysis revealed that DeoAn activated PI-3-K- and AMPK-dependent signaling pathways, account for the augmented glucose transport in L6 myotubes. Furthermore, DeoAn lowered postprandial blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and also suppressed the rises in the fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, triglycerides and LDL-Cholesterol levels of db/db mice. These findings suggest the therapeutic efficacy of the DeoAn for type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be potential phytochemical for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Arha
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Sukanya Pandeti
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | | | - Arvind Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Tamrakar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110001, India.
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28
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Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. Glucose uptake through translocation and activation of GLUT4 in PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by asiatic acid in diabetic rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:884-93. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114561663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the in vivo effect and the mechanism of asiatic acid (AA) on glucose uptake in an insulin target skeletal muscle. Diabetic rats showed significantly increased levels of plasma glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and lipid hydroperoxides, decreased levels of insulin and antioxidants, and impairment in insulin-signaling proteins such as insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins. Oral treatment with AA (20 mg/kg body weight) showed near-normalized levels of plasma glucose, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidants and improved insulin, IR, IRS-1/2, PI3K, Akt, and GLUT4 proteins. These findings suggest that AA improves glucose response by increasing GLUT4 in skeletal muscle through Akt and antioxidant defense in plasma and it also improves glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ramachandran
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Saravanan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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29
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Riya MP, Antu KA, Pal S, Chandrakanth KC, Anilkumar KS, Tamrakar AK, Srivastava AK, Raghu KG. Antidiabetic property of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. is mediated by inhibition of alpha glucosidase, protein glycation and stimulation of adipogenesis. J Diabetes 2015; 7:548-61. [PMID: 25224159 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with a number currently diagnosed as high as 371 million. Plant-based therapy could be an ideal choice because of fewer side-effects and wider acceptability. Hence, the antihyperglycemic potential of Aerva lanata, a herb prescribed for diabetes in Ayurveda was evaluated to elucidate its possible mechanism of action. METHODS High performance liquid chromatography analysis was used for the characterization of 70% ethanolic (aqueous leaf extract [ALE]) and ethyl acetate (AEA) extracts. Further, they were evaluated for their antioxidant, inhibition of alpha glucosidase, protein glycation dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and stimulation of glucose uptake and glitazone like property (adipogenic potential) using in vitro models. The promising alpha glucosidase inhibitory potential of ALE was further evaluated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. RESULTS ALE inhibited yeast (IC50 - 81.76 μg/mL) and rat intestinal alpha glucosidase (IC50 - 108.7 μg/mL), protein glycation, DPP IV enzyme (IC50 - 118.62 μg/mL) and PTP1B (IC50 - 94.66 μg/mL). ALE stimulated maximal adipogenesis at 50 μg/mL and enhanced insulin mediated glucose uptake (threefold of basal) at 100 μg/mL in L6 myotubes. ALE (500 mg/kg b.w.) showed a significant antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose loaded STZ normal (15.57%) and diabetic (18.44%) rats. HPLC analysis of ALE revealed the presence of bioactives like alpha amyrin, betulin and beta sitosterol. CONCLUSIONS Alpha glucosidase inhibition, antiglycation, and adipogenic potential significantly contribute to the antidiabetic property of Aerva lanata. In addition, insulin sensitization and antioxidant potential also enhance its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Philip Riya
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Kalathookunnel Antony Antu
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Savita Pal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow, India
| | - Karuvakandy Chandrasekharan Chandrakanth
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | | | - Kozhiparambil Gopalan Raghu
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Celastrol Protects against Antimycin A-Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:8242-69. [PMID: 25961164 PMCID: PMC6272652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20058242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation are widely accepted as key hallmarks of obesity-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the functional roles of an anti-inflammatory compound, celastrol, in mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance induced by antimycin A (AMA) in human skeletal muscle cells. We found that celastrol treatment improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake activity of AMA-treated cells, apparently via PI3K/Akt pathways, with significant enhancement of mitochondrial activities. Furthermore, celastrol prevented increased levels of cellular oxidative damage where the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultures cells was greatly reduced. Celastrol significantly increased protein phosphorylation of insulin signaling cascades with amplified expression of AMPK protein and attenuated NF-κB and PKC θ activation in human skeletal muscle treated with AMA. The improvement of insulin signaling pathways by celastrol was also accompanied by augmented GLUT4 protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that celastrol may be advocated for use as a potential therapeutic molecule to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells.
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Verma S, Verma RK, Sahoo D, Srivastava SK. Reverse-phase HPLC method for the quantification of two antihyperglycemic glycolipids in Oplismenus burmannii. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1675-81. [PMID: 25891218 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids and sphingolipids are well known for their diverse biological activities like anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antistress, anti-HIV, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial. The present study deals with the activity-guided isolation and characterization of two antihyperglycemic glycolipids, (2S)-1,2-di-O-octadecanoyl-3-O-[α-d-galctopyranosyl-(1'' → 6')-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl] glycerol (1) and 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S,4R,8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-tetracosanoylamino]-2,3,4-octadecanetriol-8-ene (2) from Oplismenus burmannii and the development of a simple and validated reverse-phase HPLC analytical method for their quantification in the methanolic extracts of O. burmannii. The marker compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the methanolic extract of O. burmannii and characterized on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Their antihyperglycemic potential was evaluated by determining their glucose uptake-stimulating potential in L6-GLUT4myc myotube cells. Finally, these analytes were separated on a Waters Spherisorb ODS 2 column with a binary gradient of methanol and water at a constant flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and detected using a photodiode array detector at 230 nm. The calibration curve was linear (r(2) > 0.999) over 1.2 orders of magnitude with acceptable accuracy, reproducibility and recovery (98.16-100.50%). The limits of detection and quantification for 1 and 2 were 1.36, 4.11 and 1.11, 3.35 µg/mL respectively. The method is simple, accurate, precise and selective and may be routinely used for the quality control analysis of whole plant extract of O. burmannii for these two glycolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjeet Verma
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Ram Kishor Verma
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Dibyaranjan Sahoo
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226 015, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, PO CIMAP, Lucknow, 226 015, India
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Nagar DS, Jha SK, Jani J. Direct adventitious shoot bud formation on hypocotyls explants in Millettia pinnata (L.) Panigrahi- a biodiesel producing medicinal tree species. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:287-292. [PMID: 25964721 PMCID: PMC4411383 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A reproducible protocol developed for in vitro regeneration of Milletia pinnata using hypocotyl segments. Multiple shoots were induced from hypocotyl explants through direct adventitious shoot bud regeneration. The proximal end of hypocotyls was responsive for shoot bud induction. Silver nitrate and adenine sulphate had a positive effect on shoot bud induction and elongation. The maximum response and number of shoot bud produced in media supplemented with 8.88 μM BAP with 108.6 μM adenine sulphate and 11.84 μM silver nitrate. Elongated shoots were harvested and successful rooting of microshoots achieved on MS media supplemented with 9.84 μM IBA, with 81.1 % rooting. Remaining shoot buds sub-cultured for further multiplication and elongation. Each subculture produced eight to nine elongated microshoots up to four subcultures. The rooted microshoots were successfully hardened and transferred to field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Singh Nagar
- Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396 450 India
| | - Suman Kumar Jha
- Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396 450 India
| | - Jigar Jani
- Department of Forest Biology and Tree Improvement, College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396 450 India
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Chandramohan R, Pari L, Rathinam A, Sheikh BA. Tyrosol, a phenolic compound, ameliorates hyperglycemia by regulating key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 229:44-54. [PMID: 25641191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tyrosol, a phenolic compound, on the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg body weight). Experimental rats were administered tyrosol 1 ml intra gastrically at the doses of 5, 10 and 20mg/kg body weight and glibenclamide 1 ml at a dose of 600 μg/kg body weight once a day for 45 days. At the end of the experimental period, diabetic control rats exhibited significant (p<0.05) increase in plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin with significant (p<0.05) decrease in plasma insulin, total hemoglobin and body weight. The activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase were significantly (p<0.05) increased and the activities of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the liver and kidney of diabetic control rats. Further, antioxidants were lowered in diabetic control rats. A significant (p<0.05) decline in glycogen level in the liver and muscle and glycogen synthase activity in the liver and a significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of liver glycogen phosphorylase were observed in diabetic control rats compared to normal control rats. Oral administration of tyrosol to diabetic rats reversed all the above mentioned biochemical parameters to near normal in a dose dependent manner. Tyrosol at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight showed the highest significant effect than the other two doses. Immunohistochemical staining of pancreas revealed that tyrosol treated diabetic rats showed increased insulin immunoreactive β-cells, which confirmed the biochemical findings. The observed results were compared with glibenclamide, a standard oral hypoglycemic drug. The results of the present study suggest that tyrosol decreases hyperglycemia, by its antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Chandramohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ayyasamy Rathinam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Korthikunta V, Pandey J, Singh R, Srivastava R, Srivastava AK, Tamrakar AK, Tadigoppula N. In vitro anti-hyperglycemic activity of 4-hydroxyisoleucine derivatives. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:66-70. [PMID: 25636873 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nonproteinogenic amino acid, 4-hydroxyisoleucine (1) has been isolated in large quantities from the fenugreek (T. foenum-graecum) seeds. Few novel derivatives (3-11 and 13-18) were prepared from the naturally occurring 4-hydroxyisoleucine (1) and screened for their in vitro glucose uptake stimulatory effect in L-6 skeletal muscle cells. The derivatives 6, 7, 8, 10 and 11 exhibited better glucose uptake stimulatory activity than parent compound, 4-hydroxyisoleucine at 5 and 10µM concentrations and compounds 7 and 11 enhanced translocation of insulin sensitive glucose transporters-4 in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswarlu Korthikunta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226 031, India
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226 031, India
| | - Rohit Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226 031, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226 031, India
| | - Arvind K Srivastava
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226 031, India
| | - Akhilesh K Tamrakar
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226 031, India.
| | - Narender Tadigoppula
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP 226 031, India.
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35
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Free fatty acid induced impairment of insulin signaling is prevented by the diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid in skeletal muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:70-7. [PMID: 25445050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elevated fatty acid levels play a pathogenic role in the development of insulin resistance, associated with type 2 diabetes. Interventions with ability to ameliorate fatty acid-induced insulin resistance might be useful for the management of diabetes. Here, we explored the effect of the diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid (F015) on palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. An incubation of L6 myotubes with palmitate inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and translocation of GLUT4 to cell surface. Addition of F015 strongly prevented these inhibitions. Furthermore, F015 effectively inhibited the ability of palmitate to reduce insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1, AKT and GSK-3β in L6 myotubes. F015 presented a strong inhibition on palmitate-induced production of reactive oxygen species and associated inflammation, as the activation JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK were greatly reduced. F015 also inhibited inflammation-stimulated IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and restored insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in presence of palmitate, resulted in enhanced insulin sensitivity. Results suggest that F015 inhibits palmitate-induced, reactive oxygen species-associated MAPK kinase activation and restored insulin sensitivity through regulating IRS-1 function. All these indicate F015 to be a potentially therapeutic candidate for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Arulselvan P, Ghofar HAA, Karthivashan G, Halim MFA, Ghafar MSA, Fakurazi S. Antidiabetic therapeutics from natural source: A systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharma DK, Pandey J, Tamrakar AK, Mukherjee D. Synthesis of heteroaryl/aryl kojic acid conjugates as stimulators of glucose uptake by GLUT4 translocation. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:727-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Maurya CK, Singh R, Jaiswal N, Venkateswarlu K, Narender T, Tamrakar AK. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine ameliorates fatty acid-induced insulin resistance and inflammatory response in skeletal muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:51-60. [PMID: 25109277 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL), an unusual amino acid isolated from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum was investigated for its metabolic effects to ameliorate free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. An incubation of L6 myotubes with palmitate inhibited insulin stimulated-glucose uptake and -translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the cell surface. Addition of 4-HIL strongly prevented this inhibition. We then examined the insulin signaling pathway, where 4-HIL effectively inhibited the ability of palmitate to reduce insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), AKT substrate of 160 kD (AS160) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in L6 myotubes. Moreover, 4-HIL presented strong inhibition on palmitate-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated inflammation, as the activation of NF-κB, JNK1/2, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK was greatly reduced. 4-HIL also inhibited inflammation-stimulated IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and restored insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in the presence of palmitate, leading to enhanced insulin sensitivity. These findings suggested that 4-HIL could inhibit palmitate-induced, ROS-associated inflammation and restored insulin sensitivity through regulating IRS-1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Maurya
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Natasha Jaiswal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - K Venkateswarlu
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Pandey J, Maurya R, Raykhera R, Srivastava MN, Yadav PP, Tamrakar AK. Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. ameliorates insulin resistance in dexamethasone-treated mice by enhancing peripheral insulin sensitivity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2282-2288. [PMID: 24395372 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. is an important medicinal plant used traditionally as an antiemetic, antidiarrhoeal agent and blood purifier and as a medicine for a variety of ailments. This study investigated the effects of ethanolic extract of M. koenigii (MK) on diabetes-associated insulin resistance induced in mice by chronic low-dose injection of dexamethasone. RESULTS Mice treated with dexamethasone exhibited hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance. Treatment with MK reduced the extent of dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia and decreased insulin resistance as indicated by improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation in skeletal muscle tissue. Further evaluation in clonal skeletal muscle cell lines suggested that MK increased glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells by increasing cell surface GLUT4 density via an AKT-mediated pathway. CONCLUSION MK can ameliorate dexamethasone-induced hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in part by increasing glucose disposal into skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Pandey
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
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Mutheeswaran S, Pandikumar P, Chellappandian M, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Logamanian M. Consensus analysis of sastric formulations used by non-institutionally trained siddha medical practitioners of Virudhunagar and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu, India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:290-6. [PMID: 24583102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Siddha system of traditional medicine has been practiced in Tamil Nadu. This system of medicine has a high number of non-institutionally trained practitioners but studies on their traditional medicinal knowledge are not adequate. The present study is aimed to document and analyze the sastric (traditional) formulations used by the non-institutionally trained siddha medical practitioners in Virudhunagar and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu, India. METHODS After obtaining prior informed consent, interviews were conducted with 115 non-institutionally trained siddha medical practitioners about the sastric formulations used by them for the treatment. Successive free listing method was adopted to collect the data and the data were analyzed by calculating Informant Consensus Factor (Fic) and Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR). RESULTS The study documented data regarding 194 sastric formulations and they were classified into plant, mineral and animal based formulations. Quantitative analysis showed that 62.5% of the formulations were plant based, while the mineral based formulations had a high mean number of citations and versatile uses. Gastrointestinal (12.0%), kapha (11.3%) and dermatological (10.8%) ailments had a high percentage of citations. Jaundice had a high Fic value (0.750) followed by the dermatological ailments. The illness categories with high Fic values under each type of formulation were as follows: jaundice, aphrodisiac and urinary ailments (plant based); jaundice, cuts & wounds and dermatological ailments (mineral based); and hemorrhoids, kapha ailments and heart ailments (animal based formulations). The scientific studies conducted with important formulations under each illness category are discussed. CONCLUSION The present study indicated the importance of some illnesses over the others and inclusion of new illnesses under each formulation. The ingredients used to prepare these formulations have shown varying degrees of scientific evidence; generally limited studies were available on the efficacy of them as formulations. Further in-depth studies on the formulations with high IAR value and Fic value of illness categories will be helpful to improve health status of the people.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mutheeswaran
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai- 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Pandikumar
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai- 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Chellappandian
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai- 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Ignacimuthu
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai- 600034, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - V Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Logamanian
- Department of Noi Nadal, National Institute of Siddha, Tambaram Sanatorium, Chennai 600047, Tamil Nadu, India
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Yadav SK, Nagori BP, Desai PK. Pharmacological characterization of different fractions of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) in streptozotocin induced experimental model of diabetic neuropathy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:349-357. [PMID: 24486599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. is one of an ancient traditional shrub, which has been used for the treatment of diabetes, pain and inflammation for thousands of years in India. The root extract of Calotropis procera has been widely used by the tribal׳s of district Udaipur, Rajasthan (India) for treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications like diabetic neuropathy. The present study was performed to explore the protective effect of root, stem and leaf extracts of Calotropis procera in diabetes and diabetic neuropathy against tactile allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were induced in Wistar rats by injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg/intraperitoneally). The roots, stem and leaves of Calotropis procera were sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. All the extracts were assessed by oral administration at 100 and 250 mg/kg in streptozotocin diabetic rats. The following compounds were used as positive controls: insulin NPH (1 IU/kg/day), metformin (500 mg/kg/day), glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg/day) and a combination of acarbose (20 mg/kg/day) with methylcobalamine (500 µg/kg/day). In contrast, the streptozotocin induced untreated diabetic rats termed as negative control. Thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia were evaluated in all groups of streptozotocin diabetic rats to assess the extent of neuropathy by Eddy׳s hot plate, tail immersion, Randall-Selitto and Von Frey hair tests. The basal nociceptive thresholds were assessed in week 4 of post streptozotocin injection. All groups received their treatment on a regular basis from 28 to 42 days following a confirmation of diabetic neuropathy. The nociceptive thresholds were assessed in all groups in week 5 and 6. The histopathology of pancreas and biochemical estimations of plasma insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C%) levels were also performed in week 6 of post streptozotocin injection. RESULTS The negative control rats developed diabetes and diabetic neuropathy after 6 week of streptozotocin administration distinguished by significant (p<0.01) hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia with enhanced HbA1C% level compared to normoglycemic rats. Chronic administration of root methanol, stem methanol and leaf ethyl-acetate extracts of Calotropis procera for 2 weeks at 100 and 250 mg/kg doses significantly (p<0.01) attenuated the diabetes induced mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, tactile allodynia and HbA1C% level in streptozotocin diabetic rats as compared to negative control rats. Further, the root methanol extract of Calotropis procera in 100mg/kg dose showed the regeneration capability of β cells in the histology of pancreas with significant (p<0.01) improvement in plasma insulin level in streptozotocin diabetic rats compared to negative control rats. CONCLUSION Root methanol extract of Calotropis procera (100mg/kg) has shown ameliorative effect in diabetic neuropathy which may be attributed by its multiple actions including potent hypoglycemic and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Yadav
- Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology (Autonomous), Pharmacy Wing, Sector-A, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Badri Prakash Nagori
- Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology (Autonomous), Pharmacy Wing, Sector-A, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Desai
- Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology (Autonomous), Pharmacy Wing, Sector-A, Shastri Nagar, Jodhpur 342003, Rajasthan, India
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Al Muqarrabun LMR, Ahmat N, Ruzaina SAS, Ismail NH, Sahidin I. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:395-420. [PMID: 24016802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is one of the many plants with diverse medicinal properties where all its parts have been used as traditional medicine in the treatment and prevention of several kinds of ailments in many countries such as for treatment of piles, skin diseases, and wounds. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review discusses the current knowledge of traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of this species in order to reveal its therapeutic and gaps requiring future research opportunities. MATERIAL AND METHODS This review is based on literature study on scientific journals and books from library and electronic sources such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, ACS, etc. RESULTS Several different classes of flavonoid derivatives, such as flavones, flavans, and chalcones, and several types of compounds including terpenes, steroid, and fatty acids have been isolated from all parts of this plant. The pharmacological studies revealed that various types of preparations, extracts, and single compounds of this species exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. CONCLUSION The results of several toxicity studies indicated that extracts and single compounds isolated from this species did not show any significant toxicity and did not cause abnormality on some rats' organs. Thus, this plant has a potential to be used as an effective therapeutic remedy due to its low toxicity towards mammalian cells. However, further study on chemical constituents and their mechanisms in exhibiting certain biological activities are needed to understand the full phytochemical profile and the complex pharmacological effects of this plant. In addition, further study on the toxicity of the other compounds isolated from this plant required to be assessed to ensure their eligibility to be used as sources of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M R Al Muqarrabun
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Can scientific evidence support using Bangladeshi traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of diarrhoea? A review on seven plants. Nutrients 2013; 5:1757-800. [PMID: 23698166 PMCID: PMC3708348 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea is a common disease which causes pain and may be deadly, especially in developing countries. In Bangladesh, diarrhoeal diseases affect thousands of people every year, and children are especially vulnerable. Bacterial toxins or viral infections are the most common cause of the disease. The diarrhoea outbreaks are often associated with flood affected areas with contaminated drinking water and an increased risk of spreading the water-borne disease. Not surprisingly, plants found in the near surroundings have been taken into use by the local community as medicine to treat diarrhoeal symptoms. These plants are cheaper and more easily available than conventional medicine. Our question is: What is the level of documentation supporting the use of these plants against diarrhoea and is their consumption safe? Do any of these plants have potential for further exploration? In this review, we have choosen seven plant species that are used in the treatment of diarrhoea; Diospyros peregrina, Heritiera littoralis, Ixora coccinea, Pongamia pinnata, Rhizophora mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum, and Xylocarpus moluccensis. Appearance and geographical distribution, traditional uses, chemical composition, and biological studies related to antidiarrhoeal activity will be presented. This review reveals that there is limited scientific evidence supporting the traditional use of these plants. Most promising are the barks from D. peregrina, X. granatum and X. moluccensis which contain tannins and have shown promising results in antidiarrhoeal mice models. The leaves of P. pinnata also show potential. We suggest these plants should be exploited further as possible traditional herbal remedies against diarrhoea including studies on efficacy, optimal dosage and safety.
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Prasad J, Maurya CK, Pandey J, Jaiswal N, Madhur G, Srivastava AK, Narender T, Tamrakar AK. Diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells: involvement of PI-3-kinase- and ERK1/2-dependent pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 370:11-9. [PMID: 23428406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diastereomeric mixture of calophyllic acid and isocalophyllic acid (F015) isolated from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum was investigated for the metabolic effect on glucose transport in skeletal muscle cells. In L6 myotubes, F015 dose-dependently stimulated glucose uptake by increasing translocation of glucose transporter4 (GLUT4) to plasma membrane without affecting their gene expression. The effects on glucose uptake were additive to insulin. Inhibitors analyses revealed that F015-induced glucose uptake was dependent on the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), while independent to the activation of 5'AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). F015 significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT, AS160 and ERK1/2, account for the augmented glucose transport capacity in L6 myotubes. Furthermore, F015 improved glucose tolerance and enhanced insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle of dexamethasone-induced insulin resistant mice. Our findings demonstrate that F015 activates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells through PI-3-K- and EKR1/2-dependent mechanisms and can be a potential lead for the management of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janki Prasad
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Arya A, Looi CY, Cheah SC, Mustafa MR, Mohd MA. Anti-diabetic effects of Centratherum anthelminticum seeds methanolic fraction on pancreatic cells, β-TC6 and its alleviating role in type 2 diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 144:22-32. [PMID: 22954496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seeds of Centratherum anthelminticum (Asteraceae) have been popularly used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat diabetes and skin disorders. Folk medicine from Rayalaseema (Andhra Pradesh, India) reported wide spread usage in diabetes. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the hypoglycemic properties and mechanism of the methanolic fraction of C. anthelminticum seeds (CAMFs) on mouse β-TC6 pancreatic cell line and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat models. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the crude methanolic fraction of C. anthelminticum seeds (CAMFs) on β-TC6 cell line and confirmed its effects on type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats to understand its mechanism in managing diabetes mellitus. CAMFs were initially tested on β-TC6 cells for cytotoxicity, 2-NBDG glucose uptake, insulin secretion and glucose transporter (GLUT-1, 2 and 4) protein expression. Furthermore, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic and STZ-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected or administered orally with CAMFs daily for 28 days. The effect of CAMFs on blood glucose and insulin levels was subsequently evaluated. RESULTS In cell line studies, CAMFs showed non-cytotoxic effect on β-TC6 cell proliferation compared to untreated control cells at 50 μg/ml. CAMFs increased glucose uptake and insulin secretion dose-dependently by up-regulating GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 expression in these cells. Further in vivo studies on streptozotocin induced diabetic rat models revealed that CAMFs significantly reduced hyperglycemia by augmenting insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic rats. However, CAMFs displayed less significant effects on type 1 diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS CAMFs demonstrated anti-diabetic potential on β-TC6 cells and type 2 diabetic rat model, plausibly through enhancing glucose uptake and insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Prathapan A, Krishna MS, Nisha V, Sundaresan A, Raghu K. Polyphenol rich fruit pulp of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa exhibits nutraceutical properties to down regulate diabetic complications — An in vitro study. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Khan MF, Kumar P, Pandey J, Srivastava AK, Tamrakar AK, Maurya R. Synthesis of novel imbricatolic acid analogues via insertion of N-substituted piperazine at C-15/C-19 positions, displaying glucose uptake stimulation in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4636-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Lee SH, Kang SM, Ko SC, Lee DH, Jeon YJ. Octaphlorethol A, a novel phenolic compound isolated from a brown alga, Ishige foliacea, increases glucose transporter 4-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 420:576-81. [PMID: 22445752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the major site of glucose disposal. Promoting glucose uptake into this tissue may attenuate the insulin resistance that precedes type 2 diabetes. However, the anti-diabetic effect of marine algae on glucose uptake and metabolism in skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. Here, we report the glucose uptake effects of octaphlorethol A (OPA), a novel phenolic compound isolated from Ishige foliacea, on skeletal muscle cells. OPA increased glucose uptake in differentiated L6 rat myoblast cells in a dose-dependent manner relative to the control. In addition, we found that OPA increased glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) translocation to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, we also demonstrated these OPA effects essentially depended on the protein kinase B (Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. In summary, PI3-K/Akt and AMPK activation were involved in mediating the effects of OPA on glucose transport activation and insulin sensitivity. OPA can be further developed as a potential anti-diabetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hong Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Jaiswal N, Yadav PP, Maurya R, Srivastava AK, Tamrakar AK. Karanjin from Pongamia pinnata induces GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle cells in a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-independent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Khan MF, Dixit P, Jaiswal N, Tamrakar AK, Srivastava AK, Maurya R. Chemical constituents of Kigelia pinnata twigs and their GLUT4 translocation modulatory effect in skeletal muscle cells. Fitoterapia 2011; 83:125-9. [PMID: 22037422 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the ethanolic extract of twigs of Kigelia pinnata DC. afforded one new iridoid 7-hydroxy eucommiol (1), and nine known compounds (2-10). The structure of compounds was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR experiments and MS analysis. All these compounds were evaluated for GLUT4 translocation modulatory effect in skeletal muscle cells. Four of the tested compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7 showed significant stimulation of GLUT4 translocation to cell surface in skeletal muscle cells without any adverse effect on cell viability. Effect of these four compounds was concentration-dependent and comparable to standard drug rosiglitazone. These findings indicate that constituents of K. pinnata may provide leads for the therapeutics for insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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