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Crompton M, Skinner LJ, Satchell SC, Butler MJ. Aldosterone: Essential for Life but Damaging to the Vascular Endothelium. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1004. [PMID: 37371584 PMCID: PMC10296074 DOI: 10.3390/biom13061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin angiotensin aldosterone system is a key regulator of blood pressure. Aldosterone is the final effector of this pathway, acting predominantly via mineralocorticoid receptors. Aldosterone facilitates the conservation of sodium and, with it, water and acts as a powerful stimulus for potassium excretion. However, evidence for the pathological impact of excess mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation is increasing. Here, we discussed how in the heart, hyperaldosteronism is associated with fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and maladaptive hypertrophy. In the kidney, aldosterone was shown to cause proteinuria and fibrosis and may contribute to the progression of kidney disease. More recently, studies suggested that aldosterone excess damaged endothelial cells. Here, we reviewed how damage to the endothelial glycocalyx may contribute to this process. The endothelial glycocalyx is a heterogenous, negatively charged layer on the luminal surface of cells. Aldosterone exposure alters this layer. The resulting structural changes reduced endothelial reactivity in response to protective shear stress, altered permeability, and increased immune cell trafficking. Finally, we reviewed current therapeutic strategies for limiting endothelial damage and suggested that preventing glycocalyx remodelling in response to aldosterone exposure may provide a novel strategy, free from the serious adverse effect of hyperkalaemia seen in response to mineralocorticoid blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Butler
- Bristol Renal, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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2
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Grossmann C, Almeida-Prieto B, Nolze A, Alvarez de la Rosa D. Structural and molecular determinants of mineralocorticoid receptor signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3103-3118. [PMID: 34811739 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decades, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has evolved from a much-overlooked member of the steroid hormone receptor family to an important player, not only in volume and electrolyte homeostasis but also in pathological changes occurring in an increasing number of tissues, especially the renal and cardiovascular systems. Simultaneously, a wealth of information about the structure, interaction partners and chromatin requirements for genomic signalling of steroid hormone receptors became available. However, much of the information for the MR has been deduced from studies of other family members and there is still a lack of knowledge about MR-specific features in ligand binding, chromatin remodelling, co-factor interactions and general MR specificity-conferring mechanisms that can completely explain the differences in pathophysiological function between MR and its closest relative, the glucocorticoid receptor. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of MR structure, signalling and co-factors modulating its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Grossmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Brian Almeida-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alexander Nolze
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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3
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Clarisse D, Deng L, de Bosscher K, Lother A. Approaches towards tissue-selective pharmacology of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3235-3249. [PMID: 34698367 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are highly effective therapies for cardiovascular and renal disease. However, the widespread clinical use of currently available MRAs in cardiorenal medicine is hampered by an increased risk of hyperkalemia. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a nuclear receptor responsible for fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in epithelial tissues, whereas pathophysiological MR activation in nonepithelial tissues leads to undesirable pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects. Therefore, new strategies that selectively target the deleterious effects of MR but spare its physiological function are needed. In this review, we discuss recent pharmacological developments starting from novel non-steroidal MRAs that are now entering clinical use, such as finerenone or esaxerenone, to concepts arising from the current knowledge of the MR signaling pathway, aiming at receptor-coregulator interaction, epigenetics, or downstream effectors of MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Deng
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karolien de Bosscher
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Translational Nuclear Receptor Research, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Xu Z, Zou C, Yu W, Xu S, Huang L, Khan Z, Wang J, Liang G, Wang Y. Inhibition of STAT3 activation mediated by toll-like receptor 4 attenuates angiotensin II-induced renal fibrosis and dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2627-2641. [PMID: 30958891 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hypertension adversely affects the kidney and is the second leading cause of kidney failure. Overproduction of angiotensin II greatly contributes to the progression of hypertensive kidney disease. Angiotensin II has recently been shown to activate STAT3 in cardiovascular cells. However, the underlying mechanisms of STAT3 activation by angiotensin II and downstream functional consequences in the kidneys are not fully understood. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6 mice were treated with angiotensin II by subcutaneous infusion for 1 month to develop nephropathy. Mice were treated with either adeno-associated virus expressing STAT3 shRNA or STAT3 inhibitor, S3I-201. Human archival kidney samples from five patients with hypertension and five individuals without hypertension were also examined. In vitro, STAT3 was blocked using siRNA or STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 in the renal proximal tubular cell line, NRK52E, after exposure to angiotensin II. KEY RESULTS Angiotensin II activated STAT3 in kidney epithelial cells through engaging toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and JAK2, which was independent of IL-6/gp130 and angiotensin AT1 receptors. Angiotensin II-mediated STAT3 activation increased fibrotic proteins and resulted in renal dysfunction. Both STAT3 inhibition by the low MW compound S3I-201 and TLR4 deficiency normalized renal fibrosis and dysfunction caused by Ang II in mice, without affecting hypertension. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study reveals a novel mechanism of STAT3 activation, induced by angiotensin II, in kidney tissues and highlights a translational significance of a STAT3 inhibitor as potential therapeutic agent for hypertensive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sujing Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zia Khan
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Lother A, Deng L, Huck M, Fürst D, Kowalski J, Esser JS, Moser M, Bode C, Hein L. Endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptors oppose VEGF-induced gene expression and angiogenesis. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:15-26. [PMID: 30400069 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone is a key factor in adverse cardiovascular remodeling by acting on the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in different cell types. Endothelial MR activation mediates hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis. Cardiovascular remodeling is often accompanied by impaired angiogenesis, which is a risk factor for the development of heart failure. In this study, we evaluated the impact of MR in endothelial cells on angiogenesis. Deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-induced hypertension was associated with capillary rarefaction in the heart of WT mice but not of mice with cell type-specific MR deletion in endothelial cells. Consistently, endothelial MR deletion prevented the inhibitory effect of aldosterone on the capillarization of subcutaneously implanted silicon tubes and on capillary sprouting from aortic ring segments. We examined MR-dependent gene expression in cultured endothelial cells by RNA-seq and identified a cluster of differentially regulated genes related to angiogenesis. We found opposing effects on gene expression when comparing activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor in ECs to treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent activator of angiogenesis. In conclusion, we demonstrate here that activation of endothelial cell MR impaired angiogenic capacity and lead to capillary rarefaction in a mouse model of MR-driven hypertension. MR activation opposed VEGF-induced gene expression leading to the dysregulation of angiogenesis-related gene networks in endothelial cells. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of endothelial cell MR in the pathophysiology of hypertension and related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- A Lother, Institute of experimental and clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Deng
- L Deng, Institute of experimental and clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Huck
- M Huck, Institute of experimental and clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Fürst
- D Fürst, Institute of experimental and clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Kowalski
- J Kowalski, Institute of experimental and clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Susanne Esser
- J Esser, Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- M Moser, Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- C Bode, Heart Center, Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- L Hein, Institute of experimental and clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Liu W, Liu J. Potential endocrine-disrupting effects of metals via interference with glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:12-18. [PMID: 29957541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a result of human activities, the pollution of metals is becoming ubiquitous in the environment. Among various toxicological mechanisms of action, metals have been considered as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) through interference with steroid receptors. However, information regarding the potential endocrine disruption of metals on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is especially scarce. In this study, a total of 16 metals were assessed for their GR/MR activities using luciferase reporter gene assay. None of the tested metals exhibited GR or MR agonistic activity, but a total of 7 and 5 candidate metals showed obvious GR and MR antagonistic properties, respectively. All 7 GR antagonistic metals [ BaCl2, CoCl2, CuCl2, Pb(NO3)2, LiCl, SnCl2 and ZnCl2] inhibited glucocorticoid-responsive gene GILZ expression in J774A.1 cells. Further investigations indicated that the 5 MR antagonistic metals [ CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2, LiCl, MnCl2 and SnCl2] antagonized aldosterone-inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. Among these metals, Pb(NO3)2, LiCl, and SnCl2 showed both anti-glucocorticoid and anti-mineralocorticoid activities. Comprehensive screening and evaluation of GR and MR antagonists and agonists among metals should be considered to better understand the ecological and health risks of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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7
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Butler MJ, Ramnath R, Kadoya H, Desposito D, Riquier-Brison A, Ferguson JK, Onions KL, Ogier AS, ElHegni H, Coward RJ, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Peti-Peterdi J, Satchell SC. Aldosterone induces albuminuria via matrix metalloproteinase-dependent damage of the endothelial glycocalyx. Kidney Int 2018; 95:94-107. [PMID: 30389198 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone contributes to end-organ damage in heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Mineralocorticoid-receptor inhibitors limit activation of the receptor by aldosterone and slow disease progression, but side effects, including hyperkalemia, limit their clinical use. Damage to the endothelial glycocalyx (a luminal biopolymer layer) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and albuminuria, but to date no one has investigated whether the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is affected by aldosterone. In vitro, human glomerular endothelial cells exposed to 0.1 nM aldosterone and 145 mMol NaCl exhibited reduced cell surface glycocalyx components (heparan sulfate and syndecan-4) and disrupted shear sensing consistent with damage of the glycocalyx. In vivo, administration of 0.6 μg/g/d of aldosterone (subcutaneous minipump) and 1% NaCl drinking water increased glomerular matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity, reduced syndecan 4 expression, and caused albuminuria. Intravital multiphoton imaging confirmed that aldosterone caused damage of the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx and increased the glomerular sieving coefficient for albumin. Targeting matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 with a specific gelatinase inhibitor preserved the glycocalyx, blocked the rise in glomerular sieving coefficient, and prevented albuminuria. Together these data suggest that preservation of the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx may represent a novel strategy for limiting the pathological effects of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Raina Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dorinne Desposito
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anne Riquier-Brison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joanne K Ferguson
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen L Onions
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna S Ogier
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hesham ElHegni
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard J Coward
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Janos Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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8
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Samokhin AO, Stephens T, Wertheim BM, Wang RS, Vargas SO, Yung LM, Cao M, Brown M, Arons E, Dieffenbach PB, Fewell JG, Matar M, Bowman FP, Haley KJ, Alba GA, Marino SM, Kumar R, Rosas IO, Waxman AB, Oldham WM, Khanna D, Graham BB, Seo S, Gladyshev VN, Yu PB, Fredenburgh LE, Loscalzo J, Leopold JA, Maron BA. NEDD9 targets COL3A1 to promote endothelial fibrosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaap7294. [PMID: 29899023 PMCID: PMC6223025 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aap7294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Germline mutations involving small mothers against decapentaplegic-transforming growth factor-β (SMAD-TGF-β) signaling are an important but rare cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is a disease characterized, in part, by vascular fibrosis and hyperaldosteronism (ALDO). We developed and analyzed a fibrosis protein-protein network (fibrosome) in silico, which predicted that the SMAD3 target neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 9 (NEDD9) is a critical ALDO-regulated node underpinning pathogenic vascular fibrosis. Bioinformatics and microscale thermophoresis demonstrated that oxidation of Cys18 in the SMAD3 docking region of NEDD9 impairs SMAD3-NEDD9 protein-protein interactions in vitro. This effect was reproduced by ALDO-induced oxidant stress in cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), resulting in impaired NEDD9 proteolytic degradation, increased NEDD9 complex formation with Nk2 homeobox 5 (NKX2-5), and increased NKX2-5 binding to COL3A1 Up-regulation of NEDD9-dependent collagen III expression corresponded to changes in cell stiffness measured by atomic force microscopy. HPAEC-derived exosomal signaling targeted NEDD9 to increase collagen I/III expression in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, identifying a second endothelial mechanism regulating vascular fibrosis. ALDO-NEDD9 signaling was not affected by treatment with a TGF-β ligand trap and, thus, was not contingent on TGF-β signaling. Colocalization of NEDD9 with collagen III in HPAECs was observed in fibrotic pulmonary arterioles from PAH patients. Furthermore, NEDD9 ablation or inhibition prevented fibrotic vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in animal models of PAH in vivo. These data identify a critical TGF-β-independent posttranslational modification that impairs SMAD3-NEDD9 binding in HPAECs to modulate vascular fibrosis and promote PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy O Samokhin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Stephens
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley M Wertheim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lai-Ming Yung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Minwei Cao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcel Brown
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elena Arons
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul B Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Majed Matar
- Celsion Corporation, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA
| | - Frederick P Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen J Haley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George A Alba
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Stefano M Marino
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Konyaaltı, Antalya 07058, Turkey
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ivan O Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron B Waxman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Scleroderma Program, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brian B Graham
- Program in Translational Lung Research, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sachiko Seo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Cancer Research Center East, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba-ken 277-8577, Japan
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul B Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura E Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jane A Leopold
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley A Maron
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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Brown SM, Meuth AI, Davis JW, Rector RS, Bender SB. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism reverses diabetes-related coronary vasodilator dysfunction: A unique vascular transcriptomic signature. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:100-108. [PMID: 29870805 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction predicts and may be a proximate cause of cardiac dysfunction and mortality in diabetes; however, few effective treatments exist for these conditions. We recently demonstrated that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism reversed cardiovascular dysfunction in early-stage obesity/insulin resistance. The mechanisms underlying this benefit of MR antagonism and its relevance in the setting of long-term obesity complications like diabetes; however, remain unclear. Thus, the present study evaluated the impact of MR antagonism on diabetes-related coronary dysfunction and defines the MR-dependent vascular transcriptome in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat recapitulating later stages of human diabetes. OLETF rats were treated with spironolactone (Sp) and compared to untreated OLETF and lean Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats. Sp treatment attenuated diabetes-associated adipose and cardiac inflammation/fibrosis and improved coronary endothelium-dependent vasodilation but did not alter enhanced coronary vasoconstriction, blood pressure, or metabolic parameters in OLETF rats. Further mechanistic studies using RNA deep sequencing of OLETF rat aortas revealed 157 differentially expressed genes following Sp including upregulation of genes involved in the molecular regulation of nitric oxide bioavailability (Hsp90ab1, Ahsa1, Ahsa2) as well as novel changes in α1D adrenergic receptors (Adra1d), cyclooxygenase-2 (Ptgs2), and modulatory factors of these pathways (Ackr3, Acsl4). Further, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted inhibition of upstream inflammatory regulators by Sp and inhibition of 'migration of endothelial cells', 'differentiation of smooth muscle', and 'angiogenesis' biological functions by Sp in diabetes. Thus, this study is the first to define the MR-dependent vascular transcriptome underlying treatment of diabetes-related coronary microvascular dysfunction by Sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Brown
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alex I Meuth
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J Wade Davis
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Medicine-Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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10
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Zhang J, Huang X, Liu H, Liu W, Liu J. Novel Pathways of Endocrine Disruption Through Pesticides Interference With Human Mineralocorticoid Receptors. Toxicol Sci 2017; 162:53-63. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health
| | - Xin Huang
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health
| | - Jing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health
- Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Muñoz-Durango N, Fuentes CA, Castillo AE, González-Gómez LM, Vecchiola A, Fardella CE, Kalergis AM. Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System beyond Blood Pressure Regulation: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Involved in End-Organ Damage during Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E797. [PMID: 27347925 PMCID: PMC4964362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a common condition worldwide and an important predictor of several complicated diseases. Arterial hypertension can be triggered by many factors, including physiological, genetic, and lifestyle causes. Specifically, molecules of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system not only play important roles in the control of blood pressure, but they are also associated with the genesis of arterial hypertension, thus constituting a need for pharmacological interventions. Chronic high pressure generates mechanical damage along the vascular system, heart, and kidneys, which are the principal organs affected in this condition. In addition to mechanical stress, hypertension-induced oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and the activation of reparative mechanisms lead to end-organ damage, mainly due to fibrosis. Clinical trials have demonstrated that renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system intervention in hypertensive patients lowers morbidity/mortality and inflammatory marker levels as compared to placebo patients, evidencing that this system controls more than blood pressure. This review emphasizes the detrimental effects that a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) imbalance has on health considerations above and beyond high blood pressure, such as fibrotic end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330025 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristóbal A Fuentes
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrés E Castillo
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis Martín González-Gómez
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330025 Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330074 Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Le Billan F, Khan JA, Lamribet K, Viengchareun S, Bouligand J, Fagart J, Lombès M. Cistrome of the aldosterone-activated mineralocorticoid receptor in human renal cells. FASEB J 2015; 29:3977-89. [PMID: 26054365 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts its effects mainly by activating the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a transcription factor that regulates gene expression through complex and dynamic interactions with coregulators and transcriptional machinery, leading to fine-tuned control of vectorial ionic transport in the distal nephron. To identify genome-wide aldosterone-regulated MR targets in human renal cells, we set up a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay by using a specific anti-MR antibody in a differentiated human renal cell line expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MR. This approach, coupled with high-throughput sequencing, allowed identification of 974 genomic MR targets. Computational analysis identified an MR response element (MRE) including single or multiple half-sites and palindromic motifs in which the AGtACAgxatGTtCt sequence was the most prevalent motif. Most genomic MR-binding sites (MBSs) are located >10 kb from the transcriptional start sites of target genes (84%). Specific aldosterone-induced recruitment of MR on the first most relevant genomic sequences was further validated by ChIP-quantitative (q)PCR and correlated with concomitant and positive aldosterone-activated transcriptional regulation of the corresponding gene, as assayed by RT-qPCR. It was notable that most MBSs lacked MREs but harbored DNA recognition motifs for other transcription factors (FOX, EGR1, AP1, PAX5) suggesting functional interaction. This work provides new insights into aldosterone MR-mediated renal signaling and opens relevant perspectives for mineralocorticoid-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Le Billan
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Junaid A Khan
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Khadija Lamribet
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jérôme Fagart
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Lombès
- *Unité 1185, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; and Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et d'Hormonologie and Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Yang J, Fuller PJ, Morgan J, Shibata H, Clyne CD, Young MJ. GEMIN4 functions as a coregulator of the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:149-60. [PMID: 25555524 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Pathological activation of the MR causes cardiac fibrosis and heart failure, but clinical use of MR antagonists is limited by the renal side effect of hyperkalemia. Coregulator proteins are known to be critical for nuclear receptor-mediated gene expression. Identification of coregulators, which mediate MR activity in a tissue-specific manner, may allow for the development of novel tissue-selective MR modulators that confer cardiac protection without adverse renal effects. Our earlier studies identified a consensus motif among MR-interacting peptides, MPxLxxLL. Gem (nuclear organelle)-associated protein 4 (GEMIN4) is one of the proteins that contain this motif. Transient transfection experiments in HEK293 and H9c2 cells demonstrated that GEMIN4 repressed agonist-induced MR transactivation in a cell-specific manner. Furthermore, overexpression of GEMIN4 significantly decreased, while knockdown of GEMIN4 increased, the mRNA expression of specific endogenous MR target genes. A physical interaction between GEMIN4 and MR is suggested by their nuclear co-localization upon agonist treatment. These findings indicate that GEMIN4 functions as a novel coregulator of the MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - Peter J Fuller
- MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - James Morgan
- MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - Colin D Clyne
- MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
| | - Morag J Young
- MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan MIMR-PHI InstitutePO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of MedicineMonash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyMetabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Oita University, Yufu 879-5593, Japan
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14
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Lang F, Gawaz M, Borst O. The serum- & glucocorticoid-inducible kinase in the regulation of platelet function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:181-90. [PMID: 24947805 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is expressed in megakaryocytes and circulating platelets. In megakaryocytes, SGK1 activates transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which in turn stimulates expression of Orai1, a Ca(2+) channel protein accomplishing store-operated Ca(2+) enrty (SOCE). SGK1 enhances SOCE and several Ca(2+) -sensitive platelet functions, including degranulation, integrin αII b β3 activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, aggregation and thrombus formation. As shown in other cell types, stimulators of SGK1 expression include ischaemia, oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and a variety of hormones such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), thrombin and endothelin. Thus, SGK1-sensitive Ca(2+) signalling may contribute to altered platelet function in several clinical conditions including inflammation, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. Nevertheless, further studies are needed defining the contribution of altered SGK1 expression and activity to physiology and pathophysiology of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - M. Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - O. Borst
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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15
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Abstract
Classical effects of mineralocorticoids include stimulation of Na(+) reabsorption and K(+) secretion in the kidney and other epithelia including colon and several glands. Moreover, mineralocorticoids enhance the excretion of Mg(2+) and renal tubular H(+) secretion. The renal salt retention following mineralocorticoid excess leads to extracellular volume expansion and hypertension. The increase of blood pressure following mineralocorticoid excess is, however, not only the result of volume expansion but may result from stiff endothelial cell syndrome impairing the release of vasodilating nitric oxide. Beyond that, mineralocorticoids are involved in the regulation of a wide variety of further functions, including cardiac fibrosis, platelet activation, neuronal function and survival, inflammation as well as vascular and tissue fibrosis and calcification. Those functions are briefly discussed in this short introduction to the special issue. Beyond that, further contributions of this special issue amplify on mineralocorticoid-induced sodium appetite and renal salt retention, the role of mineralocorticoids in the regulation of acid-base balance, the involvement of aldosterone and its receptors in major depression, the mineralocorticoid stimulation of inflammation and tissue fibrosis and the effect of aldosterone on osteoinductive signaling and vascular calcification. Clearly, still much is to be learned about the various ramifications of mineralocorticoid-sensitive physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Zhang X, Liu J, Pang X, Zhao J, Wang S, Wu D. Aldosterone induces C-reactive protein expression via MR-ROS-MAPK-NF-κB signal pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:61-8. [PMID: 25109280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the vessel. As a representative inflammatory cytokine, C-reactive protein (CRP) participates in atherogenesis. Although hyperaldosteronism is known to evoke inflammatory response in several tissues and cell types, there is no direct evidence to demonstrate the proinflammatory effect of aldosterone on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through CRP. In this study, we observed the effect of aldosterone on CRP expression and the molecular mechanisms in rat VSMCs. The results showed that aldosterone induced CRP expression in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone abolished aldosterone-induced CRP expression. In addition, aldosterone stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas spironolactone inhibited aldosterone-stimulated ROS generation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Antioxidant NAC decreased aldosterone-induced CRP expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The further study confirmed that ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate both depressed aldosterone-induced CRP expression. These demonstrate that aldosterone is able to induce CRP expression via MR-ROS-ERK1/2-NF-κB signal pathway in VSMCs, which provides a new evidence for the proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic effects of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xiaoming Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
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Liu G, Liu G, Alzoubi K, Umbach AT, Pelzl L, Borst O, Gawaz M, Lang F. Upregulation of store operated Ca channel Orai1, stimulation of Ca(2+) entry and triggering of cell membrane scrambling in platelets by mineralocorticoid DOCA. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 38:21-30. [PMID: 24525794 DOI: 10.1159/000355750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Mineralocorticoid excess leads to vascular injury, which is partially due to hypertension but in addition involves increased concentration of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in platelets, key players in the pathophysiology of occlusive vascular disease. Mineralocorticoids are in part effective by rapid nongenomic mechanisms including phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, which involves activation of the serum & glucocorticoid inducible kinase (SGK) isoforms. SGK1 has in turn been shown to participate in the regulation of the pore forming Ca(2+) channel protein Orai1 in platelets. Orai1 accomplishes entry of Ca(2+), which is in turn known to trigger cell membrane scrambling. Platelets lack nuclei but are able to express protein by translation, which is stimulated by PI3K signaling. The present study explored whether the mineralocorticoid desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) influences platelet Orai1 protein abundance, cytosolic Ca(2+)-activity ([Ca(2+)]i), phosphatidylserine abundance at the cell surface and/or cell volume. METHODS Orai1 protein abundance was estimated utilizing CF™488A conjugated antibodies, [Ca(2+)]i utilizing Fluo3-fluorescence, phosphatidylserine abundance utilizing FITC-labelled annexin V, and cell volume utilizing forward scatter in flow cytometry. RESULTS DOCA (10 µg/ml) treatment of murine platelets was followed by a significant increase of Orai1 protein abundance, [Ca(2+)]i, percentage of phosphatidylserine exposing platelets and platelet swelling. The effect on [Ca(2+)]i, phosphatidylserine abundance and cell volume were completely abrogated by addition of the specific SGK inhibitor EMD638683 (50 µM) CONCLUSIONS: The mineralocorticoid DOCA upregulates Orai1 protein abundance in the cell membrane, thus increasing [Ca(2+)]i and triggering phosphatidylserine abundance, effects paralleled by platelet swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Petrovich E, Asher C, Garty H. Induction of FKBP51 by aldosterone in intestinal epithelium. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:78-87. [PMID: 24139875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Screening female rat distal colon preparations for aldosterone-induced genes identified the Hsp90-binding immunophilin FKBP51 as a major aldosterone-induced mRNA and protein. Limited induction of FKBP51 was observed also in other aldosterone-responsive tissues such as kidney medulla and heart. Ex vivo measurements in colonic tissue have characterized time course, dose response and receptor specificity of the induction of FKBP51. FKBP51 mRNA and protein were strongly up regulated by physiological concentrations of aldosterone in a late (greater than 2.5h) response to the hormone. Maximal increase in FKBP51 mRNA requires aldosterone concentrations that are higher than those needed to fully occupy the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Yet, the response is fully inhibited by the MR antagonist spironolactone and not inhibited and even stimulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486. These and related findings cannot be explained by a simple activation and dimerization of either MR or GR but are in agreement with response mediated by an MR-GR heterodimer. Overexpression or silencing FKBP51 in the kidney collecting duct cell line M1 had little or no effect on the aldosterone-induced increase in transepithelial Na(+) transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Petrovich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Pelzl L, Pakladok T, Pathare G, Fakhri H, Michael D, Wagner CA, Paulmichl M, Lang F. DOCA sensitive pendrin expression in kidney, heart, lung and thyroid tissues. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 30:1491-501. [PMID: 23235354 DOI: 10.1159/000343337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pendrin (SLC26A4), a transporter accomplishing anion exchange, is expressed in inner ear, thyroid gland, kidneys, lung, liver and heart. Loss or reduction of function mutations of SLC26A4 underlie Pendred syndrome, a disorder invariably leading to hearing loss with enlarged vestibular aqueducts and in some patients to hypothyroidism and goiter. Renal pendrin expression is up-regulated by mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone or deoxycorticosterone (DOCA). Little is known about the impact of mineralocorticoids on pendrin expression in extrarenal tissues. METHODS The present study utilized RT-qPCR and Western blotting to quantify the transcript levels and protein abundance of Slc26a4 in murine kidney, thyroid, heart and lung prior to and following subcutaneous administration of 100 mg/kg DOCA. RESULTS Slc26a4 transcript levels as compared to Gapdh transcript levels were significantly increased by DOCA treatment in kidney, heart, lung and thyroid. Accordingly pendrin protein expression was again significantly increased by DOCA treatment in kidney, heart, lung and thyroid. CONCLUSION The observations reveal mineralocorticoid sensitivity of pendrin expression in kidney, heart, thyroid and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisann Pelzl
- Department of Physiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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