1
|
Custódio G, Massutti AM, da Igreja MR, Lemos NE, Crispim D, Visioli F, Palma VDM, Leitão CB, Rech TH. Does liraglutide alleviate inflammation in brain-dead donors? A randomized clinical trial. Liver Transpl 2024; 30:607-617. [PMID: 37938130 DOI: 10.1097/lvt.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain death triggers an inflammatory cascade that damages organs before procurement, adversely affecting the quality of grafts. This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the efficacy of liraglutide compared to placebo in attenuating brain death-induced inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress. We conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial with brain-dead donors. Fifty brain-dead donors were randomized to receive subcutaneous liraglutide or placebo. The primary outcome was the reduction in IL-6 plasma levels. Secondary outcomes were changes in other plasma pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, interferon-γ, TNF) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), expression of antiapoptotic ( BCL2 ), endoplasmic reticulum stress markers ( DDIT3/CHOP , HSPA5/BIP ), and antioxidant ( superoxide dismutase 2 , uncoupling protein 2 ) genes, and expression TNF, DDIT3, and superoxide dismutase 2 proteins in liver biopsies. The liraglutide group showed lower cytokine levels compared to the placebo group during follow-up: Δ IL-6 (-28 [-182, 135] vs. 32 [-10.6, 70.7] pg/mL; p = 0.041) and Δ IL-10 (-0.01 [-2.2, 1.5] vs. 1.9 [-0.2, 6.1] pg/mL; p = 0.042), respectively. The administration of liraglutide did not significantly alter the expression of inflammatory, antiapoptotic, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or antioxidant genes in the liver tissue. Similar to gene expression, expressions of proteins in the liver were not affected by the administration of liraglutide. Treatment with liraglutide did not increase the organ recovery rate [OR = 1.2 (95% CI: 0.2-8.6), p = 0.82]. Liraglutide administration reduced IL-6 and prevented the increase of IL-10 plasma levels in brain-dead donors without affecting the expression of genes and proteins related to inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, or oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geisiane Custódio
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Santa Isabel, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natália Emerim Lemos
- Diabetes and Metabolism Group, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Diabetes and Metabolism Group, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Victor de Mello Palma
- Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitão
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Diabetes and Metabolism Group, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Helena Rech
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Diabetes and Metabolism Group, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan LL, Ye LP, Chen YH, He SQ, Zhang CY, Mao XL, Li SW. The Influence of Microenvironment on Survival of Intraportal Transplanted Islets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849580. [PMID: 35418988 PMCID: PMC8995531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes. Despite recent therapeutic success, it is still uncommon because transplanted islets are damaged by multiple challenges, including instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR), inflammatory cytokines, hypoxia/reperfusion injury, and immune rejection. The transplantation microenvironment plays a vital role especially in intraportal islet transplantation. The identification and targeting of pathways that function as “master regulators” during deleterious inflammatory events after transplantation, and the induction of immune tolerance, are necessary to improve the survival of transplanted islets. In this article, we attempt to provide an overview of the influence of microenvironment on the survival of transplanted islets, as well as possible therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Li-Ping Ye
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ya-Hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Sai-Qin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xin-Li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Shao-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen C, Rong P, Yang M, Ma X, Feng Z, Wang W. The Role of Interleukin-1β in Destruction of Transplanted Islets. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720934413. [PMID: 32543895 PMCID: PMC7563886 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720934413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a promising β-cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes, which can reduce glucose lability and hypoglycemic episodes compared with standard insulin therapy. Despite the tremendous progress made in this field, challenges remain in terms of long-term successful transplant outcomes. The insulin independence rate remains low after islet transplantation from one donor pancreas. It has been reported that the islet-related inflammatory response is the main cause of early islet damage and graft loss after transplantation. The production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has considered to be one of the primary harmful inflammatory events during pancreatic procurement, islet isolation, and islet transplantation. Evidence suggests that the innate immune response is upregulated through the activity of Toll-like receptors and The NACHT Domain-Leucine-Rich Repeat and PYD-containing Protein 3 inflammasome, which are the starting points for a series of signaling events that drive excessive IL-1β production in islet transplantation. In this review, we show recent contributions to the advancement of knowledge of IL-1β in islet transplantation and discuss several strategies targeting IL-1β for improving islet engraftment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhichao Feng
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Souza BM, Rodrigues M, de Oliveira FS, da Silva LPA, Bouças AP, Portinho CP, Dos Santos BP, Camassola M, Rocha D, Lysakowski S, Martini J, Leitão CB, Nardi NB, Bauer AC, Crispim D. Improvement of human pancreatic islet quality after co-culture with human adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 505:110729. [PMID: 31972330 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether co-culture of human islets with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can improve islet quality and to evaluate which factors play a role in the protective effect of ASCs against islet dysfunction. Islets and ASCs were cultured in three experimental groups for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h: 1) indirect co-culture of islets with ASC monolayer (Islets/ASCs); 2) islets alone; and 3) ASCs alone. Co-culture with ASCs improved islet viability and function in all culture time-points analyzed. VEGFA, HGF, IL6, IL8, IL10, CCL2, IL1B, and TNF protein levels were increased in supernatants of islet/ASC group compared to islets alone, mainly after 24 h. Moreover, VEGFA, IL6, CCL2, HIF1A, XIAP, CHOP, and NFKBIA genes were differentially expressed in islets from the co-culture condition compared to islets alone. In conclusion, co-culture of islets with ASCs promotes improvements in islet quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M de Souza
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Fernanda S de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liana P A da Silva
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Ana P Bouças
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ciro P Portinho
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil
| | - Bruno P Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Tissue Bioengineering (BioTis), Inserm U1026, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melissa Camassola
- Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Post-Graduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Rocha
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Lysakowski
- Organ Procurement Organization, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Martini
- Transplant Center, Surgery Department, Hospital Dom Vicente Scherer, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane B Leitão
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nance B Nardi
- Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Post-Graduation Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lan J, Zhong Z, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Ye Q. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces liver cells apoptosis after brain death by suppressing the phosphorylation of protein phosphatase 2A. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:567-574. [PMID: 31974600 PMCID: PMC6947944 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether brain death (BD) induces the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and reveal the possible association with BD-induced liver cell apoptosis. A total of 30 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: Sham-operated group (S), BD group and 4-phenylbutyric acid group (BD + 4-PBA), with 10 rats in each group. All rats were anesthetized. The model of BD was established by inflating a balloon catheter that was placed into the extradural space after anesthesia. 4-PBA was administered via an intraperitoneal injection when the BD model was established. Anesthesia of the S group of rats was maintained for 6 h. Liver tissues were harvested after 6 h of BD. HE staining was used to evaluate the damage of liver. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nick-end labeling staining was used to observe the apoptosis of liver cells. Activation of ERS and PP2A was examined by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. We reported that the apoptosis of liver cells after BD was significantly promoted than in the S group. Activation of ERS and PP2A was induced in the BD group when compared with S group. Phosphorylation of PP2A was suppressed in BD group. Application of 4-PBA decreased the activation of ERS and apoptosis rate compared with the BD group. In addition, activation of PP2A in the BD + 4-PBA group was decreased due to the reduction of PP2A phosphorylation compared with the BD group, but the levels were higher than in the S group. (P<0.05). In summary, our results indicated that BD induced ERS, then activated PP2A by suppressing the phosphorylation of PP2A, resulting in the apoptosis of liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia'nan Lan
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zibiao Zhong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carlessi R, Rowlands J, Ellison G, Helena de Oliveira Alves H, Newsholme P, Mamotte C. Glutamine deprivation induces metabolic adaptations associated with beta cell dysfunction and exacerbate lipotoxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 491:110433. [PMID: 31018148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported that plasma glutamine is reduced in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Glutamine supplementation improves glycaemic control, however the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we evaluated in vitro the pancreatic beta cell bioenergetic and insulin secretory responses to various levels of glutamine availability, or treatment in the presence of an inhibitor of intracellular glutamine metabolism. The impact of glutamine deprivation to the pathological events induced by the saturated fatty acid palmitate was also investigated. Glutamine deprivation induced a reduction in mitochondrial respiration and increase in glucose uptake and utilization. This phenotype was accompanied by impairment in beta cell function, as demonstrated by diminished insulin production and secretion, and activation of the unfolded protein response pathway. Palmitate led to insulin secretory dysfunction, loss of viability and apoptosis. Importantly, glutamine deprivation significantly exacerbated these phenotypes, suggesting that low glutamine levels could participate in the process of beta cell dysfunction in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Jordan Rowlands
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Gaewyn Ellison
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | | | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Cyril Mamotte
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lemos NE, Dieter C, Carlessi R, Rheinheimer J, Brondani LDA, Leitão CB, Bauer AC, Crispim D. Renal effects of exendin-4 in an animal model of brain death. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2197-2207. [PMID: 30759298 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the gold standard therapy for the majority of patients with terminal organ failure. However, it is still a limited treatment especially due to the low number of brain death (BD) donors in relation to the number of waiting list recipients. Strategies to increase the quantity and quality of donor organs have been studied, and the administration of exendin-4 (Ex-4) to the donor may be a promising approach. Male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: (1) control, without central nervous system injury; (2) BD induced experimentally, and (3) BD induced experimentally + Ex-4 administered immediately after BD induction. After BD induction, animals were monitored for 6 h before blood collection and kidney biopsy. Kidney function was assessed by biochemical quantification of plasma kidney markers. Gene and protein expressions of inflammation- and stress-related genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR and immunoblot analysis. Animals treated with Ex-4 had lower creatinine and urea levels compared with controls. BD induced oxidative stress in kidney tissue through increased expression of Ucp2, Sod2 and Inos, and Ex-4 administration reduced the expression of these genes. Ex-4 also induced increased expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 gene. Nlrp3 and Tnf expressions were up-regulated in the BD group compared with controls, but Ex-4 treatment had no effect on these genes. Our findings suggest that Ex-4 administration in BD rats reduces BD-induced kidney damage by decreasing the expression of oxidative stress genes and increasing the expression of Bcl2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Emerim Lemos
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristine Dieter
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jakeline Rheinheimer
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Almeida Brondani
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bauermann Leitão
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea Carla Bauer
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.,Nephrology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Postgraduation Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Danobeitia JS, Chlebeck PJ, Shokolenko I, Ma X, Wilson G, Fernandez LA. Novel Fusion Protein Targeting Mitochondrial DNA Improves Pancreatic Islet Functional Potency and Islet Transplantation Outcomes. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1742-1754. [PMID: 29338388 PMCID: PMC5784523 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717727542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term graft survival is an ongoing challenge in the field of islet transplantation. With the growing demand for transplantable organs, therapies to improve organ quality and reduce the incidence of graft dysfunction are of paramount importance. We evaluated the protective role of a recombinant DNA repair protein targeted to mitochondria (Exscien I-III), as a therapeutic agent using a rodent model of pancreatic islet transplantation. We first investigated the effect of therapy on isolated rat islets cultured with pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 β, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α) for 48 h and documented a significant reduction in apoptosis by flow cytometry, improved viability by immunofluorescence, and conserved functional potency in vitro and in vivo in Exscien I-III-treated islets. We then tested the effect of therapy in systemic inflammation using a rat model of donor brain death (BD) sustained for a 6-h period. Donor rats were allocated to 4 groups: (non-BD + vehicle, non-BD + Exscien I-III, BD + vehicle, and BD + Exscien I-III) and treated with Exscien I-III (4 mg/kg) or vehicle 30 min after BD induction. Sham (non-BD)-operated animals receiving either Exscien I-III or vehicle served as controls. Islets purified from BD + Exscien I-III-treated donors showed a significant increase in glucose-stimulated insulin release in vitro when compared to islets from vehicle-treated counterparts. In addition, donor treatment with Exscien I-III attenuated the effects of BD and significantly improved the functional potency of transplanted islets in vivo. Our data indicate that mitochondrially targeted antioxidant therapy is a novel strategy to protect pancreas and islet quality from the deleterious effects of cytokines in culture and during the inflammatory response associated with donation after BD. The potential for rapid translation into clinical practice makes Exscien I-III an attractive therapeutic option for the management of brain-dead donors or as an additive to islets in culture after isolation setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Danobeitia
- Division of Transplantation Madison, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter J Chlebeck
- Division of Transplantation Madison, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Inna Shokolenko
- Department of Allied Health, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Division of Transplantation Madison, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Glenn Wilson
- Exscien Corporation, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Luis A Fernandez
- Division of Transplantation Madison, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rowlands J, Heng J, Newsholme P, Carlessi R. Pleiotropic Effects of GLP-1 and Analogs on Cell Signaling, Metabolism, and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:672. [PMID: 30532733 PMCID: PMC6266510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incretin hormone Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is best known for its "incretin effect" in restoring glucose homeostasis in diabetics, however, it is now apparent that it has a broader range of physiological effects in the body. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 mimetics alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulate autophagy, promote metabolic reprogramming, stimulate anti-inflammatory signaling, alter gene expression, and influence neuroprotective pathways. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated with respect to how GLP-1 and its analogs act to restore and maintain normal cellular functions. These findings have prompted several clinical trials which have reported GLP-1 analogs improve cardiac function, restore lung function and reduce mortality in patients with obstructive lung disease, influence blood pressure and lipid storage, and even prevent synaptic loss and neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, GLP-1 elicits its effects via acute elevation in cAMP levels, and subsequent protein kinase(s) activation, pathways well-defined in pancreatic β-cells which stimulate insulin secretion in conjunction with elevated Ca2+ and ATP. More recently, new studies have shed light on additional downstream pathways stimulated by chronic GLP-1 exposure, findings which have direct relevance to our understanding of the potential therapeutic effects of longer lasting analogs recently developed for clinical use. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the diverse roles for GLP-1 across multiple tissues, describe downstream pathways stimulated by acute and chronic exposure, and discuss novel pleiotropic applications of GLP-1 mimetics in the treatment of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schwarz P, Custódio G, Rheinheimer J, Crispim D, Leitão CB, Rech TH. Brain Death-Induced Inflammatory Activity is Similar to Sepsis-Induced Cytokine Release. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1417-1424. [PMID: 30235942 PMCID: PMC6180721 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718785629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain death (BD) is associated with a systemic inflammation leading to worse graft outcomes. This study aimed to compare plasma cytokine values between brain-dead and critically ill patients, including septic and non-septic controls, and evaluate cytokine release kinetics in BD. Sixteen brain-dead and 32 control patients (16 with and 16 without sepsis) were included. Plasma cytokines were measured by magnetic bead assay after the first clinical exam consistent with BD and every 6 hours thereafter, and at the time of study entry in the control group. The values for IL-8 and IFN-γ were higher in brain-dead and septic patients than in non-septic patients [IL-8: 80.3 (18.7–169.6) vs. 68.2 (22.4–359.4) vs. 16.4 (9.2–42.7) pg/mL; P = 0.006; IFN-γ: 2.8 (1.6-6.1) vs. 3.4 (1.2–9.0) vs. 0.5 (0.5–1.8) pg/mL; P = 0.012]. TNF showed a clear tendency to increase in brain-dead patients [2.7 (1.0–4.8) vs. 1.0 (1.0–5.6) vs. 1.0 (1.0–1.0) pg/mL; P = 0.051], and IL-6 values were higher in brain-dead patients than in non-septic controls [174.5 (104.9–692.5) vs. 13.2 (7.3–38.6) pg/mL; P = 0.002]. These differences remained even after excluding brain-dead patients who also had sepsis (n = 3). IL-1β and IL-10 values increased from baseline to time point 2 (∼6 hours later) [IL-1β: 5.39 (1.93–16.89) vs. 7.11 (1.93–29.13) pg/mL; P = 0.012; IL-10: 8.78 (3.62–16.49) vs. 15.73 (5.49–23.98) pg/mL; P = 0.009]. BD-induced and sepsis-induced plasma cytokine values were similarly high, and both were higher than the observed in non-septic critically ill patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Schwarz
- 1 Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,2 Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Geisiane Custódio
- 1 Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Rheinheimer
- 3 Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- 1 Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,3 Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane B Leitão
- 1 Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,3 Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana H Rech
- 1 Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,2 Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Association between vitamin D levels and inflammatory activity in brain death: A prospective study. Transpl Immunol 2018; 48:65-69. [PMID: 29501468 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency is linked to several common inflammatory disorders. Brain death (BD) causes a massive catecholamine release, leading to intense inflammatory activity. We aimed to evaluate vitamin D serum levels in brain-dead individuals in comparison to critically ill patients without BD to assess the correlation between vitamin D and cytokine levels. METHODS Sixteen brain-dead patients and 32 critically ill controls were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples from 25 brain-dead patients from a previous study were also used for vitamin D quantification. Plasma TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ and serum vitamin D levels were compared using Student's t-test or one-way ANOVA. Spearman's test was used to assess the correlation between vitamin D and cytokine levels. RESULTS Mean vitamin D levels were 16.4 ± 7.9 ng/mL, with 52 patients (71.2%) classified as vitamin D deficient (serum levels < 20 ng/mL). Vitamin D levels were similar in 41 brain-dead patients as compared to control subjects (15.6 ± 6.9 ng/mL vs 17.4 ± 9.0 ng/mL; p = 0.383). Moderate direct correlations were observed between vitamin D and IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ in the prospective group of 16 brain-dead patients (IL-8: r = 0.5, p = 0.049; IL-10 r = 0.67, p = 0.005; IFN-γ r = 0.6, p = 0.015). Vitamin D was inversely correlated with IL-6 (r = -0.36, p = 0.044) in critically ill controls. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D serum levels were similarly low in brain-dead and critically ill patients. In brain-dead patients, vitamin D serum levels correlated with plasma IL-8, IL-10 and IFN-γ.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rowlands J, Cruzat V, Carlessi R, Newsholme P. Insulin and IGF-1 receptor autocrine loops are not required for Exendin-4 induced changes to pancreatic β-cell bioenergetic parameters and metabolism in BRIN-BD11 cells. Peptides 2018; 100:140-149. [PMID: 29412813 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological long lasting Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, such as Exendin-4, have become widely used diabetes therapies. Chronic GLP-1R stimulation has been linked to β-cell protection and these pro-survival actions of GLP-1 are dependent on the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) leading to accumulation of Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Recent studies from our lab indicate that prolonged GLP-1R stimulation promotes metabolic reprograming of β-cells towards a highly glycolytic phenotype and activation of the mTOR/HIF-1α pathway was required for this action. We hypothesised that GLP-1 induced metabolic changes depend on the activation of mTOR and HIF-1α, in a cascade that occurs after triggering of a potential Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) or the Insulin receptor (IR) autocrine loops. Loss of function of these receptors, through the use of small interfering RNA, or neutralizing antibodies directed towards their products, was undertaken in conjunction with functional assays. Neither of these strategies mitigated the effect of GLP-1 on glucose uptake, protein expression or bioenergetic flux. Our data indicates that activation of IGF-1R and/or the IR autocrine loops resulting in β-cell protection and function, involve mechanisms independent to the enhanced metabolic effects resulting from sustained GLP-1R activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Rowlands
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Bldg 305, Rm 135 - CHIRI, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Vinicius Cruzat
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Bldg 305, Rm 135 - CHIRI, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Rodrigo Carlessi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Bldg 305, Rm 135 - CHIRI, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University Bldg 305, Rm 135 - CHIRI, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun ZL, Jiang XF, Cheng YC, Liu YF, Yang K, Zhu SL, Kong XB, Tu Y, Bian KF, Liu ZL, Chen XY. Exendin-4 inhibits high-altitude cerebral edema by protecting against neurobiological dysfunction. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:653-663. [PMID: 29722317 PMCID: PMC5950675 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.230291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of exendin-4 (Ex-4) have been reported previously. However, whether (Ex-4) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) remains poorly understood. In this study, two rat models of HACE were established by placing rats in a hypoxic environment with a simulated altitude of either 6000- or 7000-m above sea level (MASL) for 72 hours. An altitude of 7000 MASL with 72-hours of hypoxia was found to be the optimized experimental paradigm for establishing HACE models. Then, in rats where a model of HACE was established by introducing them to a 7000 MASL environment with 72-hours of hypoxia treatment, 2, 10 and, 100 μg of Ex-4 was intraperitoneally administrated. The open field test and tail suspension test were used to test animal behavior. Routine methods were used to detect change in inflammatory cells. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to determine pathological changes to brain tissue. Wet/dry weight ratios were used to measure brain water content. Evans blue leakage was used to determine blood-brain barrier integrity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure markers of inflammation and oxidative stress including superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and malonaldehyde values, as well as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in the brain tissue. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the levels of occludin, ZO-1, SOCS-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, EPAC1, nuclear factor-kappa B, and aquaporin-4. Our results demonstrate that Ex-4 preconditioning decreased brain water content, inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress, alleviated brain tissue injury, maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, and effectively improved motor function in rat models of HACE. These findings suggest that Ex-4 exhibits therapeutic potential in the treatment of HACE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lei Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin, Tianjin; Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xian-Feng Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Chi Cheng
- Central Hospital of Fengxian District of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Fu Liu
- Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Yang
- The No. 2 Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | - Xian-Bin Kong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke-Feng Bian
- Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen-Lin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Institute of Traumatic Brain Trauma and Neurological of CAPF, Neurotrauma Repair Key Laboratory of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barra JM, Tse HM. Redox-Dependent Inflammation in Islet Transplantation Rejection. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:175. [PMID: 29740396 PMCID: PMC5924790 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in the progressive destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells inside the islets of Langerhans. The loss of this vital population leaves patients with a lifelong dependency on exogenous insulin and puts them at risk for life-threatening complications. One method being investigated to help restore insulin independence in these patients is islet cell transplantation. However, challenges associated with transplant rejection and islet viability have prevented long-term β-cell function. Redox signaling and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by recipient immune cells and transplanted islets themselves are key players in graft rejection. Therefore, dissipation of ROS generation is a viable intervention that can protect transplanted islets from immune-mediated destruction. Here, we will discuss the newly appreciated role of redox signaling and ROS synthesis during graft rejection as well as new strategies being tested for their efficacy in redox modulation during islet cell transplantation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Carlessi R, Keane KN, Mamotte C, Newsholme P. Nutrient regulation of β-cell function: what do islet cell/animal studies tell us? Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:890-895. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
16
|
UCP2 Expression Is Increased in Pancreas From Brain-Dead Donors and Involved in Cytokine-Induced β Cells Apoptosis. Transplantation 2017; 101:e59-e67. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Carlessi R, Lemos NE, Dias AL, Brondani LA, Oliveira JR, Bauer AC, Leitão CB, Crispim D. Exendin-4 attenuates brain death-induced liver damage in the rat. Liver Transpl 2015; 21:1410-8. [PMID: 26334443 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The majority of liver grafts destined for transplantation originate from brain dead donors. However, significantly better posttransplantation outcomes are achieved when organs from living donors are used, suggesting that brain death (BD) causes irreversible damage to the liver tissue. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) analogues were shown to possess interesting hepatic protection effects in different liver disease models. We hypothesized that donor treatment with the GLP1 analogue exendin-4 (Ex-4) could alleviate BD-induced liver damage. A rat model of BD was employed in order to estimate BD-induced liver damage and Ex-4's potential protective effects. Liver damage was assessed by biochemical determination of circulating hepatic markers. Apoptosis in the hepatic tissue was assessed by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry using an antibody that only recognizes the active form of caspase-3. Gene expression changes in inflammation and stress response genes were monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Here, we show that Ex-4 administration to the brain dead liver donors significantly reduces levels of circulating aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. This was accompanied by a remarkable reduction in hepatocyte apoptosis. In this model, BD caused up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor and stress-related genes, confirming previous findings in clinical and animal studies. In conclusion, treatment of brain dead rats with Ex-4 reduced BD-induced liver damage. Further investigation is needed to determine the molecular basis of the observed liver protection. After testing in a randomized clinical trial, the inclusion of GLP1 analogues in organ donor management might help to improve organ quality, maximize organ donation, and possibly increase liver transplantation success rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Carlessi
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Natalia E Lemos
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana L Dias
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leticia A Brondani
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jarbas R Oliveira
- Biosciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrea C Bauer
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiane B Leitão
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Laboratory of Human Pancreatic Islet Biology, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|