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Blume GR, Royes LFF. Peripheral to brain and hippocampus crosstalk induced by exercise mediates cognitive and structural hippocampal adaptations. Life Sci 2024:122799. [PMID: 38852798 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Endurance exercise leads to robust increases in memory and learning. Several exercise adaptations occur to mediate these improvements, including in both the hippocampus and in peripheral organs. Organ crosstalk has been becoming increasingly more present in exercise biology, and studies have shown that peripheral organs can communicate to the hippocampus and mediate hippocampal changes. Both learning and memory as well as other hippocampal functional-related changes such as neurogenesis, cell proliferation, dendrite morphology and synaptic plasticity are controlled by these exercise responsive peripheral proteins. These peripheral factors, also called exerkines, are produced by several organs including skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, kidneys, adrenal glands and circulatory cells. Previous reviews have explored some of these exerkines including muscle-derived irisin and cathepsin B (CTSB), but a full picture of peripheral to hippocampus crosstalk with novel exerkines such as selenoprotein 1 (SEPP1) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), or old overlooked ones such as lactate and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is still missing. We provide 29 different studies of 14 different exerkines that crosstalk with the hippocampus. Thus, the purpose of this review is to explore peripheral exerkines that have shown to exert hippocampal function following exercise, demonstrating their particular effects and molecular mechanisms in which they could be inducing adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Center in Natural and Exact Sciences, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Physical Education and Sports Center, Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory (BIOEX), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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2
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Rathor R, Suryakumar G. Myokines: A central point in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38572958 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is a crucial phenomenon that is obligatory for maintaining the healthy status of cells. However, the loss of redox homeostasis may lead to numerous diseases that ultimately result in a compromised quality of life. Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ that secretes hundreds of myokines. Myokines are peptides and cytokines produced and released by muscle fibers. Skeletal muscle secreted myokines act as a robust modulator for regulating cellular metabolism and redox homeostasis which play a prime role in managing and improving metabolic function in multiple organs. Further, the secretory myokines maintain redox homeostasis not only in muscles but also in other organs of the body via stabilizing oxidants and antioxidant levels. Myokines are also engaged in maintaining mitochondrial dynamics as mitochondria is a central point for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ergo, myokines also act as a central player in communicating signals to other organs, including the pancreas, gut, liver, bone, adipose tissue, brain, and skin via their autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of skeletal muscle-secreted myokines in managing redox homeostasis and quality of life. Additionally, probable strategies will be discussed that provide a solution for a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Delhi, India
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Kim YK, Jo D, Arjunan A, Ryu Y, Lim YH, Choi SY, Kim HK, Song J. Identification of IGF-1 Effects on White Adipose Tissue and Hippocampus in Alzheimer's Disease Mice via Transcriptomic and Cellular Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2567. [PMID: 38473814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by a multitude of pathological manifestations, prominently marked by the aggregation of amyloid beta. Recent investigations have revealed a compelling association between excessive adiposity and glial activation, further correlating with cognitive impairments. Additionally, alterations in levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) have been reported in individuals with metabolic conditions accompanied by memory dysfunction. Hence, our research endeavors to comprehensively explore the impact of IGF-1 on the hippocampus and adipose tissue in the context of Alzheimer's disease. To address this, we have conducted an in-depth analysis utilizing APP/PS2 transgenic mice, recognized as a well-established mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Upon administering IGF-1 injections to the APP/PS2 mice, we observed notable alterations in their behavioral patterns, prompting us to undertake a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of both the hippocampal and adipose tissues. Our data unveiled significant modifications in the functional profiles of these tissues. Specifically, in the hippocampus, we identified changes associated with synaptic activity and neuroinflammation. Concurrently, the adipose tissue displayed shifts in processes related to fat browning and cell death signaling. In addition to these findings, our analysis enabled the identification of a collection of long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs that exhibited significant changes in expression subsequent to the administration of IGF-1 injections. Furthermore, we endeavored to predict the potential roles of these identified RNA molecules within the context of our study. In summary, our study offers valuable transcriptome data for hippocampal and adipose tissues within an Alzheimer's disease model and posits a significant role for IGF-1 within both the hippocampus and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Jo
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseo Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yoon Choi
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
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Mattson MP, Leak RK. The hormesis principle of neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. Cell Metab 2024; 36:315-337. [PMID: 38211591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Animals live in habitats fraught with a range of environmental challenges to their bodies and brains. Accordingly, cells and organ systems have evolved stress-responsive signaling pathways that enable them to not only withstand environmental challenges but also to prepare for future challenges and function more efficiently. These phylogenetically conserved processes are the foundation of the hormesis principle, in which single or repeated exposures to low levels of environmental challenges improve cellular and organismal fitness and raise the probability of survival. Hormetic principles have been most intensively studied in physical exercise but apply to numerous other challenges known to improve human health (e.g., intermittent fasting, cognitive stimulation, and dietary phytochemicals). Here we review the physiological mechanisms underlying hormesis-based neuroplasticity and neuroprotection. Approaching natural resilience from the lens of hormesis may reveal novel methods for optimizing brain function and lowering the burden of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ertürk E, Işık Ü, Şirin FB. Analysis of Serum VEGF, IGF-1, and HIF-1α Levels in ADHD. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:58-65. [PMID: 37700676 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231197211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, it has been emphasized that various growth factors that affect neurogenesis may lead to ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of VEGF, IGF-1, and HIF-1α growth factors in the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. METHOD Levels of VEGF, IGF-1, and HIF-1α were compared between 40 ADHD children and 40 healthy children, aged 7 to 13 years. RESULT VEGF, IGF-1, and HIF-1α levels did not significantly differ between the groups. There was a negative correlation between serum VEGF levels and the parent-rated T-DSM-IV-S (AD) subscale. There was a positive correlation between serum IGF-1 levels and the parent-rated T-DSM-IV-S (AD) subscale, and SDQ (ES) subscale. CONCLUSION Given our limitations and the fact that some of our findings differ from those of other studies, it is evident that this area requires additional research with larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ertürk
- Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GP, Leal-Nazaré CG, Santos-Sacramento L, Lopes-Araújo A, Royes LFF, Crespo-Lopez ME. Exercise Reshapes the Brain: Molecular, Cellular, and Structural Changes Associated with Cognitive Improvements. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6950-6974. [PMID: 37518829 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is well known as a non-pharmacological and holistic therapy believed to prevent and mitigate numerous neurological conditions and alleviate ageing-related cognitive decline. To do so, exercise affects the central nervous system (CNS) at different levels. It changes brain physiology and structure, promoting cognitive improvements, which ultimately improves quality of life. Most of these effects are mediated by neurotrophins release, enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, attenuation of neuroinflammation, modulation of cerebral blood flow, and structural reorganisation, besides to promote social interaction with beneficial cognitive outcomes. In this review, we discuss, based on experimental and human research, how exercise impacts the brain structure and function and how these changes contribute to cognitive improvements. Understanding the mechanisms by which exercise affects the brain is essential to understand the brain plasticity following exercise, guiding therapeutic approaches to improve the quality of life, especially in obesity, ageing, neurodegenerative disorders, and following traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela P Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Caio G Leal-Nazaré
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Letícia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Do Exercício, Centro de Educacão Física E Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RGS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Falah G, Sharvit L, Atzmon G. The Exon 3-Deleted Growth Hormone Receptor (d3GHR) Polymorphism-A Favorable Backdoor Mechanism for the GHR Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13908. [PMID: 37762211 PMCID: PMC10531306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that plays a crucial role in controlling growth, development, and lifespan. Molecular regulation of GH is accomplished via the GH receptor (GHR), which is the main factor influencing human development and is essential to optimal functioning of the GH/IGF-I axis. Two GHR isoforms have been studied, according to the presence (flGHR) or absence (d3GHR) of exon 3. The d3GHR isoform, which lacks exon 3 has recently been related to longevity; individuals carrying this isoform have higher receptor activity, improved signal transduction, and alterations in the treatment response and efficacy compared with those carrying the wild type (WT) isoform (flGHR). Further, studies performed in patients with acromegaly, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, small for gestational age (SGA), and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) suggested that the d3GHR isoform may have an impact on the relationship between GH and IGF-I levels, height, weight, BMI, and other variables. Other research, however, revealed inconsistent results, which might have been caused by confounding factors, including limited sample sizes and different experimental methods. In this review, we lay out the complexity of the GHR isoforms and provide an overview of the major pharmacogenetic research conducted on this ongoing and unresolved subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer Falah
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.F.); (L.S.)
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Alves JM, Smith A, Chow T, Negriff S, Carter S, Xiang AH, Page KA. Prenatal Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is Associated with Mental Health Outcomes and Physical Activity has a Modifying Role. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3290222. [PMID: 37693617 PMCID: PMC10491372 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3290222/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Studies suggest a link between prenatal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exposure and poor mental health outcomes. We examined associations between prenatal GDM exposure and depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and assessed physical activity as a potential modifier of these associations. Method Seventy children (AgeM(SD): 12(2.0), 56% GDM, 59% female) and their parents completed surveys: Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and 3-day physical activity recall (3DPAR). Associations between mental health measures with GDM exposure and interactions between GDM exposure and child moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using regression. Results GDM-exposed children had higher anxiety (p = 0.03) and internalizing symptoms (CBCL) (p = 0.04) than unexposed children. There was an interaction between GDM exposure and child MVPA on anxiety (p = 0.02), internalizing (p = 0.04) and externalizing symptoms (p = 0.004). In the low MVPA group, GDM exposed children had more depressive (p = 0.03), anxiety (p = 0.003), and internalizing symptoms (p = 0.03) than unexposed children. In the high MVPA group, there were no group differences except with externalizing symptoms (p = 0.04). Conclusion Prenatal GDM is associated with higher anxiety and internalizing symptoms in children. Child MVPA modified the relationship between GDM exposure and mental health outcomes suggesting that physical activity during childhood could mitigate the negative mental health outcomes associated with prenatal GDM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ting Chow
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California
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Shahidani S, Jokar Z, Alaei H, Reisi P. Effects of treadmill exercise and chronic stress on anxiety-like behavior, neuronal activity, and oxidative stress in basolateral amygdala in morphine-treated rats. Synapse 2023; 77:e22256. [PMID: 36200789 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA), which is sensitive to stress, is necessary for reward-seeking behavior and addiction. Regular exercise can produce various positive effects by affecting the BLA. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic stress and treadmill running (TR) on anxiety-like behavior, neuronal activity, lipid peroxidation (measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, a marker for oxidative stress), and total thiol in BLA, in morphine-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were restricted in restraint stress and/or ran on the treadmill and treated with morphine (5 mg/kg) for 21 days. Anxiety-like behavior was evaluated using an elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field tests (OFTs), on day 22. On day 23, neuronal activity in BLA was assessed via single-unit recording. Finally, MDA and total thiol were assessed in BLA. Our results showed that chronic administration of morphine (5 mg/kg) did not affect anxiety-like behavior. However, the morphine-treated rats, subjected to chronic stress and exercise, showed fewer anxiety-like behaviors. Morphine increased BLA's MDA levels but it was prevented by TR. Glutamatergic and GABAergic basal neuronal activities were low in morphine-treated rats but after acute morphine application, there was a significant decrease in GABAergic neuronal activities in the morphine-exercise-stress (Mor-Exe-St) group. The results of this study showed that in morphine-treated rats, stress and exercise or their combination could have either co-directional or opposite effects to the chronic effects of morphine. These results indicate the existence of common pathways similar to endogenous opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Shahidani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jokar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parham Reisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Park J, Kim J, Mikami T. Exercise hormone irisin prevents physical inactivity-induced cognitive decline in mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:114008. [PMID: 35850397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that physical inactivity (PI) induces cognitive decline and depressive states, which were ameliorated by regular exercise. However, the mechanism underlying the preventive effect of exercise remains unelucidated. Irisin has recently been identified as an exercise-inducible myokine that improves cognitive impairment. Plasma irisin levels increase during physical exercise; therefore, PI could lead to a decline in cognitive function by reducing plasma irisin. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether irisin is associated with cognitive decline and mental deterioration altered by PI and exercise. The mice were housed for eight weeks in the PI cage, whose living space was one-sixth that of a standard cage. Simultaneously, the mice were subjected to regular exercise in the presence or absence of an irisin-neutralizing antibody. PI increased the epididymal fat mass without increasing body weight, muscle mass, or plasma corticosterone levels. Additionally, PI induced anxiety, depressive states, and a decline in working memory. In contrast, regular exercise after PI elevated irisin levels in plasma and increased fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammacoactivator 1α expression in skeletal muscle. Regular exercise also increased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and BrdU-positive cells, alleviating cognitive decline and mental deterioration induced by PI. The beneficial effects of exercise were compromised by the administration of an irisin-neutralizing antibody. Moreover, plasma irisin level was positively correlated with working memory, hippocampal BDNF levels, and hippocampal cell proliferation. These findings suggest that exercise-inducible irisin is critical for maintaining cognitive function in the PI state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyuk Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Jimmy Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Toshio Mikami
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyounan-cho, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan.
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Shi X, Zheng J, Ma J, Wang Z, Sun W, Li M, Huang S, Hu S. Insulin-like growth factor in Parkinson's disease is related to nonmotor symptoms and the volume of specific brain areas. Neurosci Lett 2022; 783:136735. [PMID: 35709879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a protective role in Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, studies on the relationship between plasma IGF-1 levels and nonmotor symptoms and brain gray matter volume in PD patients have been rare. METHODS A Siemens automatic chemical analyzer was used to determine plasma IGF-1 levels in 55 healthy controls and 119 PD patients, including those at the early (n = 67) and middle-late (n = 52) stages of the disease. Evaluation of motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms in PD patients was assessed by the associated scales. Image acquisition in 65 PD patients was performed using a Siemens MAGNETOM Prisma 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. RESULTS Plasma IGF-1 levels in early-stage PD patients were higher than those in healthy controls, and plasma IGF-1 levels in early-stage PD patients were higher than those in middle-late-stage PD patients. Plasma IGF-1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunction. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessment confirmed that plasma IGF-1 levels had good predictive accuracy for PD with anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, plasma IGF-1 levels were significantly positively correlated with volumes in the insula, caudate and anterior cingulate. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that plasma IGF-1 levels were correlated with the nonmotor symptoms of anxiety, depression and cognitive dysfunction and the volume in specific brain areas. This is the first report examining the relationships between plasma IGF-1 and clinical manifestations and imaging features in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Shi
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China; Department of Neurology, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Long-term exercise at different intensities can reduce the inflammatory response in the brains of methamphetamine-treated mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Horvath A, Quinlan P, Eckerström C, Åberg ND, Wallin A, Svensson J. Low Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Is Associated with Decline in Hippocampal Volume in Stable Mild Cognitive Impairment but not in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1007-1016. [PMID: 35723105 PMCID: PMC9484094 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has shown some association with hippocampal volume in healthy subjects, but this relation has not been investigated in stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: At a single memory clinic, we investigated whether serum IGF-I was associated with baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-estimated brain volumes and longitudinal alterations, defined as annualized changes, up to 6 years of follow-up. Methods: A prospective study of patients with sMCI (n = 110) and AD (n = 60). Brain regions included the hippocampus and amygdala as well as the temporal, parietal, frontal, and occipital lobes, respectively. Results: Serum IGF-I was statistically similar in sMCI and AD patients (112 versus 123 ng/mL, p = 0.31). In sMCI, serum IGF-I correlated positively with all baseline MRI variables except for the occipital lobe, and there was also a positive correlation between serum IGF-I and the annualized change in hippocampal volume (rs = 0.32, p = 0.02). Furthermore, sMCI patients having serum IGF-I above the median had lower annual loss of hippocampal volume than those with IGF-I below the median (p = 0.02). In contrast, in AD patients, IGF-I did not associate with baseline levels or annualized changes in brain volumes. Conclusion: In sMCI patients, our results suggest that IGF-I exerted neuroprotective effects on the brain, thereby maintaining hippocampal volume. In AD, serum IGF-I did not associate with brain volumes, indicating that IGF-I could not induce neuroprotection in this disease. This supports the notion of IGF-I resistance in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrick Quinlan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Eckerström
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N David Åberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Acute Medicine and Geriatrics, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Wallin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Skaraborg Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
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14
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Tsuchida R, Yamaguchi T, Funabashi D, Koumi Y, Kita I, Nishijima T. Exercise type influences the effect of an acute bout of exercise on hippocampal neuronal activation in mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 783:136707. [PMID: 35660647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exercise on the hippocampus depend on exercise conditions. Exercise intensity is thought to be a dominant factor that influences the effects of exercise on the hippocampus; however, it is uncertain whether the type of exercise influences its effectiveness. This study investigated whether the effect of an acute bout of exercise on hippocampal neuronal activation differs between two different types of exercise: treadmill and rotarod exercise. The intensities of both exercises were matched at just below the lactate threshold (LT), based on blood lactate concentration. Immunohistochemical examination of c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, revealed that treadmill exercise at 15 m/min (T15) significantly increased c-Fos expression in all subfields of the hippocampus (dentate gyrus DG, CA1, CA3), but rotarod exercise at 30 rpm (R30) did not, as compared with the respective control groups. These results demonstrate that moderate treadmill exercise more efficiently evokes hippocampal neuronal activation than does intensity-matched rotarod exercise. This suggests that exercise type is another important factor affecting the effects of exercise on the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuki Tsuchida
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Taisei Yamaguchi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Daisuke Funabashi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koumi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishijima
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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15
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Sheardown E, Mech AM, Petrazzini MEM, Leggieri A, Gidziela A, Hosseinian S, Sealy IM, Torres-Perez JV, Busch-Nentwich EM, Malanchini M, Brennan CH. Translational relevance of forward genetic screens in animal models for the study of psychiatric disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104559. [PMID: 35124155 PMCID: PMC9016269 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders represent a significant burden in our societies. Despite the convincing evidence pointing at gene and gene-environment interaction contributions, the role of genetics in the etiology of psychiatric disease is still poorly understood. Forward genetic screens in animal models have helped elucidate causal links. Here we discuss the application of mutagenesis-based forward genetic approaches in common animal model species: two invertebrates, nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans) and fruit flies (Drosophila sp.); and two vertebrates, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and mice (Mus musculus), in relation to psychiatric disease. We also discuss the use of large scale genomic studies in human populations. Despite the advances using data from human populations, animal models coupled with next-generation sequencing strategies are still needed. Although with its own limitations, zebrafish possess characteristics that make them especially well-suited to forward genetic studies exploring the etiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sheardown
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Aleksandra M Mech
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | | | - Adele Leggieri
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Agnieszka Gidziela
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Saeedeh Hosseinian
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Ian M Sealy
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose V Torres-Perez
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London and Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, 86 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Margherita Malanchini
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK
| | - Caroline H Brennan
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, England, UK.
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16
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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17
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Asano H, Moriya S, Hatakeyama T, Kobayashi S, Akimoto T, Ohta R, Kawaguchi M. Possible effects of voluntary exercise intensity on anxiety-like behavior and its underlying molecular mechanisms in the hippocampus: Results from a study in Hatano rats. Behav Brain Res 2022; 427:113854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Rai M, Demontis F. Muscle-to-Brain Signaling Via Myokines and Myometabolites. Brain Plast 2022; 8:43-63. [DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health and function are important determinants of systemic metabolic homeostasis and organism-wide responses, including disease outcome. While it is well known that exercise protects the central nervous system (CNS) from aging and disease, only recently this has been found to depend on the endocrine capacity of skeletal muscle. Here, we review muscle-secreted growth factors and cytokines (myokines), metabolites (myometabolites), and other unconventional signals (e.g. bioactive lipid species, enzymes, and exosomes) that mediate muscle-brain and muscle-retina communication and neuroprotection in response to exercise and associated processes, such as the muscle unfolded protein response and metabolic stress. In addition to impacting proteostasis, neurogenesis, and cognitive functions, muscle-brain signaling influences complex brain-dependent behaviors, such as depression, sleeping patterns, and biosynthesis of neurotransmitters. Moreover, myokine signaling adapts feeding behavior to meet the energy demands of skeletal muscle. Contrary to protective myokines induced by exercise and associated signaling pathways, inactivity and muscle wasting may derange myokine expression and secretion and in turn compromise CNS function. We propose that tailoring muscle-to-CNS signaling by modulating myokines and myometabolites may combat age-related neurodegeneration and brain diseases that are influenced by systemic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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19
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Karachaliou FH, Karavanaki K, Simatou A, Tsintzou E, Skarakis NS, Kanaka-Gatenbein C. Association of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) with anxiety and depression: experimental data and evidence from GHD children and adolescents. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:679-689. [PMID: 34195937 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are among the commonest emotional problems in children and young adolescents. They are encountered with even higher prevalence in children and adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Alterations in the somatotropic axis, as observed in both GH/IGF1 deficiency and excess, can produce permanent changes in brain tissue structure. The growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH/IGF1) axis seems to exert a regulatory effect on brain function and neurogenesis, especially in the hippocampus, a brain region associated with mental and emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety. There is evidence from animal models of the possible interrelationship of the endocrine system with the pathogenesis of emotional disorders. Moreover, clinical data support the association of GHD and mood disorders, which are often reversed by GH replacement therapy. However, the causal relationship and the mechanism underlying this association are to date obscure and remain to be clarified. The present review reports experimental data from animal models regarding the role of GH/IGF1 in emotional disorders and focuses on clinical data on the presence of these disorders in children with GHD and their response to GH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini-Heleni Karachaliou
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 3Rd Department of Pediatrics, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Karavanaki
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, "P &, 2nd, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristofania Simatou
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 3Rd Department of Pediatrics, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsintzou
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 3Rd Department of Pediatrics, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikitas S Skarakis
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 3Rd Department of Pediatrics, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece.
- Third Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Unit, School of Medicine, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gatenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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20
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Yang Y, He Q, Zhang Z, Qi C, Ding L, Yuan T, Chen Y, Li Z. Insulin-like growth factor reduced against decabromodiphenyl ether-209-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S475-S486. [PMID: 34632857 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211045959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE How to reduce the neurodevelopmental toxicity of decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209) remains unclear. This study investigated neurodevelopmental toxicity of PBDE-209 and the protective effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). METHODS Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with PBDE-209 and IGF-1, and the offspring were subjected to the Morris Water Maze test. Hippocampal neurons were cultured with PBDE-209 and IGF-1 or the PI3K inhibitor or MEK inhibitor for cell viability, apoptosis, immunofluorescence, and Western blot assays. RESULTS Prenatal PBDE-209 exposure impaired the learning and memory ability of rats by delaying the mean latency to the platform compared, whereas prenatal treatment with IGF-1 treatment improved the learning and memory ability. In vitro, treatment of primary cultured hippocampal neural stem cells (H-NSCs) with PBDE-209 reduced cell proliferation and differentiation, but induced apoptosis. In contrast, IGF-1 treatment antagonized the cytotoxic effects of PBDE-209 in H-NSCs in vitro. At the gene level, IGF-1 inhibition of PBDE-209-induced cell cytotoxicity was through the activation of the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways in vitro because the effect of IGF-1 was blocked by the AKT inhibitor LY294002 and the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059. CONCLUSION Prenatal PBDE-209 exposure impaired the learning and memory ability of rats, whereas IGF-1 treatment was able to inhibit the neurodevelopmental toxicity of PBDE-209 by activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 cell pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,117980The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital
| | - Qianyun He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, 220741Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Qi
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, 47885Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, 117980The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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A Runner's High for New Neurons? Potential Role for Endorphins in Exercise Effects on Adult Neurogenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081077. [PMID: 34439743 PMCID: PMC8392752 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has wide-ranging benefits to cognitive functioning and mental state, effects very closely resembling enhancements to hippocampal functioning. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in many of these mental benefits of exercise. However, precise mechanisms behind these effects are not well known. Released peripherally during exercise, beta-endorphins are an intriguing candidate for moderating increases in neurogenesis and the related behavioral benefits of exercise. Although historically ignored due to their peripheral release and status as a peptide hormone, this review highlights reasons for further exploring beta-endorphin as a key mediator of hippocampal neurogenesis. This includes possible routes for beta-endorphin signaling into the hippocampus during exercise, direct effects of beta-endorphin on cell proliferation and neurogenesis, and behavioral effects of manipulating endogenous opioid signaling. Together, beta-endorphin appears to be a promising mechanism for understanding the specific ways that exercise promotes adult neurogenesis specifically and brain health broadly.
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22
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Burtscher J, Millet GP, Place N, Kayser B, Zanou N. The Muscle-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Key Role of Mitochondria in Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6479. [PMID: 34204228 PMCID: PMC8235687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is associated with pronounced health benefits. The molecular processes involved in physiological adaptations to exercise are best understood in skeletal muscle. Enhanced mitochondrial functions in muscle are central to exercise-induced adaptations. However, regular exercise also benefits the brain and is a major protective factor against neurodegenerative diseases, such as the most common age-related form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or the most common neurodegenerative motor disorder, Parkinson's disease. While there is evidence that exercise induces signalling from skeletal muscle to the brain, the mechanistic understanding of the crosstalk along the muscle-brain axis is incompletely understood. Mitochondria in both organs, however, seem to be central players. Here, we provide an overview on the central role of mitochondria in exercise-induced communication routes from muscle to the brain. These routes include circulating factors, such as myokines, the release of which often depends on mitochondria, and possibly direct mitochondrial transfer. On this basis, we examine the reported effects of different modes of exercise on mitochondrial features and highlight their expected benefits with regard to neurodegeneration prevention or mitigation. In addition, knowledge gaps in our current understanding related to the muscle-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Burtscher
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grégoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (G.P.M.); (N.P.); (B.K.); (N.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Lee B, Shin M, Park Y, Won SY, Cho KS. Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115795. [PMID: 34071457 PMCID: PMC8198301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatments for most NDs. Meanwhile, numerous studies conducted on human and animal models over the past decades have showed that exercises had beneficial effects on NDs. Inter-tissue communication by myokine, a peptide produced and secreted by skeletal muscles during exercise, is thought to be an important underlying mechanism for the advantages. Here, we reviewed studies about the effects of myokines regulated by exercise on NDs and their mechanisms. Myokines could exert beneficial effects on NDs through a variety of regulatory mechanisms, including cell survival, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, proteostasis, oxidative stress, and protein modification. Studies on exercise-induced myokines are expected to provide a novel strategy for treating NDs, for which there are no adequate treatments nowadays. To date, only a few myokines have been investigated for their effects on NDs and studies on mechanisms involved in them are in their infancy. Therefore, future studies are needed to discover more myokines and test their effects on NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Myeongcheol Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - Youngjae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
| | - So-Yoon Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
- Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.W.); (K.S.C.); Tel.: +82-10-3688-5474 (S.-Y.W.); Tel.: +82-2-450-3424 (K.S.C.)
| | - Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (B.L.); (M.S.); (Y.P.)
- Korea Hemp Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.W.); (K.S.C.); Tel.: +82-10-3688-5474 (S.-Y.W.); Tel.: +82-2-450-3424 (K.S.C.)
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24
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Okamoto M, Mizuuchi D, Omura K, Lee M, Oharazawa A, Yook JS, Inoue K, Soya H. High-intensity Intermittent Training Enhances Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Neurogenesis Associated with BDNF Signaling in Rats. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4386-4397. [PMID: 33982757 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity intermittent (or interval) training (HIIT) has started to gain popularity as a time-effective approach to providing beneficial effects to the brain and to peripheral organs. However, it still remains uncertain whether HIIT enhances hippocampal functions in terms of neurogenesis and spatial memory due to unconsidered HIIT protocol for rodents. Here, we established the HIIT regimen for rats with reference to human study. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to Control, moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 20 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 times/week), and HIIT (60 m/min, 10 30-s bouts of exercise, interspaced with 2.5 min of recovery, 5 times/week) groups. The ratios of exercise time and volume between MICT and HIIT were set as 6:1 and 2:1-4:1, respectively. After 4 weeks of training, all-out time in the incremental exercise test was prolonged for exercise training. In skeletal muscle, the plantaris citrate synthase activity significantly increased only in the HIIT group. Simultaneously, both HIIT and MICT led to enhanced spatial memory and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) as well as enhanced protein levels of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Collectively, we suggest that HIIT could be a time-efficient exercise protocol that enhances hippocampal memory and neurogenesis in rats and is associated with hippocampal BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okamoto
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mizuuchi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Koki Omura
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Minchul Lee
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihiko Oharazawa
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
| | - Jang Soo Yook
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Koshiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Center for Education in Liberal Arts and Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.,Sport Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan
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25
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Soleimani Meigoni Z, Jabari F, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M. Protective effects of forced exercise against topiramate-induced cognition impairment and enhancement of its antiepileptic activity: molecular and behavioral evidences. Int J Neurosci 2021; 132:1198-1209. [PMID: 33428483 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1873979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Propose/aim of study: Forced exercise can act as a neuroprotective factor and cognitive enhancer. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of forced exercise on topiramate (TPM) induced cognitive impairment and also on TPM anti-seizure activity and neurodegeneration status after seizure.Material and method: Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups receiving normal saline, TPM (100 mg/kg), TPM in combination with forced exercise and forced exercise only respectively for 21 days. MWM test, and PTZ induced seizure were used and some oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers were measured for assessment of experimental animals.Results: Forced exercise in combination with TPM could abolish the TPM induced cognitive impairment and potentiates its anti-seizure activity. Also forced exercise in combination with TPM decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Bax protein, while caused increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities after PTZ administration.Conclusion: It seems that forced exercise could act as an adjunct therapy with TPM for management of induced cognitive impairment and can also potentiate TPM antiepileptic and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soleimani Meigoni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jabari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Murayama MA, Arimitsu N, Shimizu J, Fujiwara N, Takai K, Ikeda Y, Okada Y, Hirotsu C, Takada E, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Female dominance of both spatial cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Exp Anim 2021; 70:398-405. [PMID: 33840703 PMCID: PMC8390308 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.21-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting memory function in elderly persons. Indeed, AD exhibits abnormality in cognitive
behaviors and higher susceptibility to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Various factors including aging, sex difference and NPS severity, are implicated during
in development of AD. In this study, we evaluated behavioral abnormalities of AD model, PDAPP transgenic mice at young age using the Morris Water Maze test,
which was established to assess hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. We found that female AD model mice exhibited spatial learning dysfunction and highly
susceptible to NPS such as anxiety and depression, whereas spatial reference memory function was comparable in female PDAPP Tg mice to female wild type (WT)
mice. Spatial learning function was comparable in male AD model mice to male WT mice. Multiple regression analysis showed that spatial learning dysfunction was
associated with NPS severity such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the analysis showed that spatial reference memory function was associated with status
of depression, but not anxiety. Thus, these results suggest female dominance of spatial learning dysfunction in the AD model mice accompanying increased NPS
severity. The understandings of AD model may be useful for the development of therapeutic agents and methods in human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.,Present address: Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Chieko Hirotsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Erika Takada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University of School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
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Maglio LE, Noriega-Prieto JA, Maroto IB, Martin-Cortecero J, Muñoz-Callejas A, Callejo-Móstoles M, Fernández de Sevilla D. IGF-1 facilitates extinction of conditioned fear. eLife 2021; 10:e67267. [PMID: 33792539 PMCID: PMC8043742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and anxiety-like behavioral processes. While IGF-1 regulates neuronal firing and synaptic transmission in many areas of the central nervous system, its signaling and consequences on excitability, synaptic plasticity, and animal behavior dependent on the prefrontal cortex remain unexplored. Here, we show that IGF-1 induces a long-lasting depression of the medium and slow post-spike afterhyperpolarization (mAHP and sAHP), increasing the excitability of layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the rat infralimbic cortex. Besides, IGF-1 mediates a presynaptic long-term depression of both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in these neurons. The net effect of this IGF-1-mediated synaptic plasticity is a long-term potentiation of the postsynaptic potentials. Moreover, we demonstrate that IGF-1 favors the fear extinction memory. These results show novel functional consequences of IGF-1 signaling, revealing IGF-1 as a key element in the control of the fear extinction memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Maglio
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas (Fisiología) and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La LagunaTenerifeSpain
| | - José A Noriega-Prieto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Department of Neuroscience, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Irene B Maroto
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Jesús Martin-Cortecero
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysic, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Callejas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Callejo-Móstoles
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - David Fernández de Sevilla
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
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The mechanism of hsa-miR-424-5 combining PD-1 through mTORC signaling pathway to stimulate immune effect and participate in Type 1 diabetes. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222029. [PMID: 32010928 PMCID: PMC7070146 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, hsa-miR-424-5p mimic plasmid and hsa-mir-424-5p inhibitor plasmid were designed and injected into rats respectively, and miRNA control plasmid was also constructed. Models of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) were built. After successful modeling, the expression of hsa-miR-424-5p in lymphocytes was analyzed by RT-PCR. The expression of protein PD-1, T-bet, CXCR3, STING in Th1 lymphocytes and content of IGF-1 in islet tissue were analyzed by flow analysis. The protein levels of SHP2, Rheb, mTORC1, Rictor and Raptor in islet tissue were analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that hsa-miR-424-5p mimic group had the highest expression of hsa-miR-424-5p in lymphocytes. The expression of PD-1 was in hsa-miR-424-5p inhibitor > miRNA control > hsa-miR-424-5p mimic, while the expression of T-bet, CXCR3 and STING was in hsa-miR-424-5p mimic > miRNA control > hsa-miR-424-5p inhibitor. The expression of IGF-1 protein in hsa-miR-424-5p inhibitor group was the highest (32.08%) and hardly expressed in hsa-miR-424-5p mimic group (2.36%). The expression of SHP2, Rheb, mTORC1, Rictor and Raptor of insulin histoproteins were in hsa-miR-424-5p mimic group > miRNA control of > hsa-miR-424-5p inhibitor group, with statistical differences. It indicates that hsa-miR-424-5p binding PD-1 signaling molecules can stimulate the immune effect through the mTORC signaling pathway and participates in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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29
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Beletskiy A, Chesnokova E, Bal N. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 As a Possible Neuroprotective Agent and Memory Enhancer-Its Comparative Expression, Processing and Signaling in Mammalian CNS. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041849. [PMID: 33673334 PMCID: PMC7918606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies performed on rodents suggest that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) or its analogs may possibly be used for treating some conditions like Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, autistic spectrum disorders or aging-related cognitive impairment. Still, for translational research a comparative knowledge about the function of IGF-2 and related molecules in model organisms (rats and mice) and humans is necessary. There is a number of important differences in IGF-2 signaling between species. In the present review we emphasize species-specific patterns of IGF-2 expression in rodents, humans and some other mammals, using, among other sources, publicly available transcriptomic data. We provide a detailed description of Igf2 mRNA expression regulation and pre-pro-IGF-2 protein processing in different species. We also summarize the function of IGF-binding proteins. We describe three different receptors able to bind IGF-2 and discuss the role of IGF-2 signaling in learning and memory, as well as in neuroprotection. We hope that comprehensive understanding of similarities and differences in IGF-2 signaling between model organisms and humans will be useful for development of more effective medicines targeting IGF-2 receptors.
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30
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Silva BA, Miglietta EA, Ferrari CC. Training the brain: could it improve multiple sclerosis treatment? Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:779-792. [PMID: 32712593 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease characterized by neuroinflammation, demyelination and axonal degeneration along with loss of function in the central nervous system. For many years, research in MS has focused on the efficacy of pharmacological treatments. However, during the last years, many publications have been dedicated to the study of the efficacy of non-pharmacological strategies, such as physical exercise and cognitive training. Beneficial effects of the combination of both strategies on cognitive function have been described in both ageing adults and patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as MS. The analysis of combining both physical and cognitive stimulation can be summarized by the environmental enrichment (EE) experiments, which are more suitable for animal models. EE refers to housing conditions consisting of exercise and cognitive and social stimulation. In this review, we will summarize the available studies that describe the influence of EE in both MS patients and MS animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Anabel Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB)-CONICET, Potosí 4240, Buenos Aires, C1181ACH, Argentina.,Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations, IIBBA-CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Alberto Miglietta
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations, IIBBA-CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Cintia Ferrari
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional e Ingeniería Biomédica (IMTIB)-CONICET, Potosí 4240, Buenos Aires, C1181ACH, Argentina.,Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Investigations, IIBBA-CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Autio J, Stenbäck V, Gagnon DD, Leppäluoto J, Herzig KH. (Neuro) Peptides, Physical Activity, and Cognition. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082592. [PMID: 32785144 PMCID: PMC7464334 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) improves cognitive functions, prevents brain atrophy, and delays the onset of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Presently, there are no specific recommendations for PA producing positive effects on brain health and little is known on its mediators. PA affects production and release of several peptides secreted from peripheral and central tissues, targeting receptors located in the central nervous system (CNS). This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge on the association between PA and cognition with a focus on the role of (neuro)peptides. For the review we define peptides as molecules with less than 100 amino acids and exclude myokines. Tachykinins, somatostatin, and opioid peptides were excluded from this review since they were not affected by PA. There is evidence suggesting that PA increases peripheral insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and elevated serum IGF-1 levels are associated with improved cognitive performance. It is therefore likely that IGF-1 plays a role in PA induced improvement of cognition. Other neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin, galanin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could mediate the beneficial effects of PA on cognition, but the current literature regarding these (neuro)peptides is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Autio
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.A.); (V.S.); (D.D.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Ville Stenbäck
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.A.); (V.S.); (D.D.G.); (J.L.)
- Biocenter Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Dominique D. Gagnon
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.A.); (V.S.); (D.D.G.); (J.L.)
- Laboratory of Environmental Exercise Physiology, School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Center of Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Juhani Leppäluoto
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.A.); (V.S.); (D.D.G.); (J.L.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.A.); (V.S.); (D.D.G.); (J.L.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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32
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Li A, Yau SY, Machado S, Wang P, Yuan TF, So KF. Enhancement of Hippocampal Plasticity by Physical Exercise as a Polypill for Stress and Depression: A Review. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2020; 18:294-306. [PMID: 30848219 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666190308102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Generation of newborn neurons that form functional synaptic connections in the dentate gyrus of adult mammals, known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis, has been suggested to play critical roles in regulating mood, as well as certain forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Environmental stress suppresses structural plasticity including adult neurogenesis and dendritic remodeling in the hippocampus, whereas physical exercise exerts opposite effects. Here, we review recent discoveries on the potential mechanisms concerning how physical exercise mitigates the stressrelated depressive disorders, with a focus on the perspective of modulation on hippocampal neurogenesis, dendritic remodeling and synaptic plasticity. Unmasking such mechanisms may help devise new drugs in the future for treating neuropsychiatric disorders involving impaired neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Pingjie Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Joint International Research Laboratory of CNS Regeneration Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Shaito A, Hasan H, Habashy KJ, Fakih W, Abdelhady S, Ahmad F, Zibara K, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF, Kobeissy FH. Western diet aggravates neuronal insult in post-traumatic brain injury: Proposed pathways for interplay. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102829. [PMID: 32574954 PMCID: PMC7317220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health burden and a major cause of disability and mortality. An early cascade of physical and structural damaging events starts immediately post-TBI. This primary injury event initiates a series of neuropathological molecular and biochemical secondary injury sequelae, that last much longer and involve disruption of cerebral metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and can lead to neuronal damage and death. Coupled to these events, recent studies have shown that lifestyle factors, including diet, constitute additional risk affecting TBI consequences and neuropathophysiological outcomes. There exists molecular cross-talk among the pathways involved in neuronal survival, neuroinflammation, and behavioral outcomes, that are shared among western diet (WD) intake and TBI pathophysiology. As such, poor dietary intake would be expected to exacerbate the secondary damage in TBI. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiological consequences of WD that can lead to the exacerbation of TBI outcomes. We dissect the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal injury in this context. We show that currently available data conclude that intake of a diet saturated in fats, pre- or post-TBI, aggravates TBI, precludes recovery from brain trauma, and reduces the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiba Hasan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Walaa Fakih
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samar Abdelhady
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Fatima Ahmad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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34
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Major depressive disorder and accelerated aging from a peripheral IGF-1 overexpression perspective. Med Hypotheses 2020; 138:109610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Pennuto M, Pandey UB, Polanco MJ. Insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling in motor neuron and polyglutamine diseases: From molecular pathogenesis to therapeutic perspectives. Front Neuroendocrinol 2020; 57:100821. [PMID: 32006533 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic peptide insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) regulates human body homeostasis and cell growth. IGF-I activates two major signaling pathways, namely phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which contribute to brain development, metabolism and function as well as to neuronal maintenance and survival. In this review, we discuss the general and tissue-specific effects of the IGF-I pathways. In addition, we present a comprehensive overview examining the role of IGF-I in neurodegenerative diseases, such as spinal and muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and polyglutamine diseases. In each disease, we analyze the disturbances of the IGF-I pathway, the modification of the disease protein by IGF-I signaling, and the therapeutic strategies based on the use of IGF-I developed to date. Lastly, we highlight present and future considerations in the use of IGF-I for the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), 35131 Padova, Italy; Myology Center (CIR-Myo), 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - María José Polanco
- Department of Pharmaceutic and Health Science, University San Pablo CEU, Campus Montepríncipe, 28925 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Chao XL, Jiang SZ, Xiong JW, Zhan JQ, Yan K, Yang YJ, Jiang LP. The association between serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112731. [PMID: 31839419 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are implicated in schizophrenia. Altered serum levels of IGF-1 have been found in schizophrenia patients and are associated with psychopathological symptoms. However, whether there is a relationship between IGF-1 and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia remains unknown. Thirty schizophrenia patients and 26 healthy controls were recruited for this study. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was adopted to assess schizophrenic symptoms, and a battery of neuropsychological tests was employed to evaluate cognitive function. Serum IGF-1 content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that patients with schizophrenia performed more poorly than healthy controls in most cognitive tasks, excluding visual memory. The serum IGF-1 concentrations in schizophrenia patients were much lower than those in controls. Correlation analyses revealed that the levels of serum IGF-1 were positively correlated with executive function and attention scores in patients. Furthermore, IGF-1 was an independent contributor to deficits in executive function and attention among schizophrenia patients. Collectively, serum IGF-1 levels were significantly correlated with cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients, indicating that decreased IGF-1 levels might contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia-associated cognitive impairments. The regulation of IGF-1 signaling might be a potential treatment strategy for cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lin Chao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Shu-Zhen Jiang
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Jian-Wen Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Jin-Qiong Zhan
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Kun Yan
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Yuan-Jian Yang
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China; Department of Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital/Affiliated Mental Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, PR China.
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
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Castilla-Cortázar I, Aguirre GA, Femat-Roldán G, Martín-Estal I, Espinosa L. Is insulin-like growth factor-1 involved in Parkinson's disease development? J Transl Med 2020; 18:70. [PMID: 32046737 PMCID: PMC7014772 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in the death of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta and the reduction in dopaminergic control over striatal output neurons, leading to a movement disorder most commonly characterized by akinesia or bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor. Also, PD is less frequently depicted by sensory symptoms (pain and tingling), hyposmia, sleep alterations, depression and anxiety, and abnormal executive and working memory related functions. On the other hand, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an endocrine, paracrine and autocrine hormone with several functions including tissue growth and development, insulin-like activity, proliferation, pro-survival, anti-aging, antioxidant and neuroprotection, among others. Herein this review tries to summarize all experimental and clinical data to understand the pathophysiology and development of PD, as well as its clear association with IGF-1, supported by several lines of evidence: (1) IGF-1 decreases with age, while aging is the major risk for PD establishment and development; (2) numerous basic and translational data have appointed direct protective and homeostasis IGF-1 roles in all brain cells; (3) estrogens seem to confer women strong protection to PD via IGF-1; and (4) clinical correlations in PD cohorts have confirmed elevated IGF-1 levels at the onset of the disease, suggesting an ongoing compensatory or "fight-to-injury" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma Castilla-Cortázar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gabriel A Aguirre
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giovana Femat-Roldán
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
- Neurocenter, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Irene Martín-Estal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Luis Espinosa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
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Cicvaric A, Sachernegg HM, Stojanovic T, Symmank D, Smani T, Moeslinger T, Uhrin P, Monje FJ. Podoplanin Gene Disruption in Mice Promotes in vivo Neural Progenitor Cells Proliferation, Selectively Impairs Dentate Gyrus Synaptic Depression and Induces Anxiety-Like Behaviors. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:561. [PMID: 32009902 PMCID: PMC6974453 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Podoplanin (Pdpn), a brain-tumor-related glycoprotein identified in humans and animals, is endogenously expressed in several organs critical for life support such as kidney, lung, heart and brain. In the brain, Pdpn has been identified in proliferative nestin-positive adult neural progenitor cells and in neurons of the neurogenic hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), a structure associated to anxiety, critical for learning and memory functions and severely damaged in people with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The in vivo role of Pdpn in adult neurogenesis and anxiety-like behavior remained however unexplored. Using mice with disrupted Pdpn gene as a model organism and applying combined behavioral, molecular biological and electrophysiological assays, we here show that the absence of Pdpn selectively impairs long-term synaptic depression in the neurogenic DG without affecting the CA3-Schaffer's collateral-CA1 synapses. Pdpn deletion also enhanced the proliferative capacity of DG neural progenitor cells and diminished survival of differentiated neuronal cells in vitro. In addition, mice with podoplanin gene disruption showed increased anxiety-like behaviors in experimentally validated behavioral tests as compared to wild type littermate controls. Together, these findings broaden our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms influencing hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in vivo and reveal Pdpn as a novel molecular target for future studies addressing general anxiety disorder and synaptic depression-related memory dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cicvaric
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah M. Sachernegg
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Stojanovic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dörte Symmank
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tarik Smani
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS)/University of Seville/CIBERCV, Seville, Spain
| | - Thomas Moeslinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Physiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J. Monje
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Guerra-Cantera S, Frago LM, Díaz F, Ros P, Jiménez-Hernaiz M, Freire-Regatillo A, Barrios V, Argente J, Chowen JA. Short-Term Diet Induced Changes in the Central and Circulating IGF Systems Are Sex Specific. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:513. [PMID: 32849298 PMCID: PMC7431666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 exerts a wide range of functions in mammalians participating not only in the control of growth and metabolism, but also in other actions such as neuroprotection. Nutritional status modifies the IGF system, although little is known regarding how diet affects the newest members of this system including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and PAPP-A2, proteases that liberate IGF from the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and stanniocalcins (STCs) that inhibit PAPP-A and PAPP-A2 activity. Here we explored if a 1-week dietary change to either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a low-fat diet (LFD) modifies the central and peripheral IGF systems in both male and female Wistar rats. The circulating IGF system showed sex differences in most of its members at baseline. Males had higher levels of both free (p < 0.001) and total IGF1 (p < 0.001), as well as IGFBP3 (p < 0.001), IGFBP5 (p < 0.001), and insulin (p < 0.01). In contrast, females had higher serum levels of PAPP-A2 (p < 0.05) and IGFBP2 (p < 0.001). The responses to a short-term dietary change were both diet and sex specific. Circulating levels of IGF2 increased in response to LFD intake in females (p < 0.001) and decreased in response to HFD intake in males (p < 0.001). In females, LFD intake also decreased circulating IGFBP2 levels (p < 0.001). In the hypothalamus LFD intake increased IGF2 (p < 0.01) and IGFBP2 mRNA (p < 0.001) levels, as well as the expression of NPY (p < 0.001) and AgRP (p < 0.01), but only in males. In conclusion, short-term LFD intake induced more changes in the peripheral and central IGF system than did short-term HFD intake. Moreover, these changes were sex-specific, with IGF2 and IGFBP2 being more highly affected than the other members of the IGF system. One of the main differences between the commercial LFD employed and the HFD or normal rodent chow is that the LFD has a significantly higher sucrose content, suggesting that this nutrient could be involved in the observed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificacion Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Jiménez-Hernaiz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Freire-Regatillo
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jesús Argente
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Julie A. Chowen
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Shahroodi A, Mohammadi F, Vafaei AA, Miladi-Gorji H, Bandegi AR, Rashidy-Pour A. Impact of different intensities of forced exercise on deficits of spatial and aversive memory, anxiety-like behavior, and hippocampal BDNF during morphine abstinence period in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:135-147. [PMID: 31773433 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Forced exercise can alleviate cognitive-behavioral deficits in an experimental model of addiction. However, the effects of different intensities of forced exercise in improving behavioral, cognitive and biochemical deficits during morphine abstinence period are not well investigated. Thus, the current work examined the effects of different loads of forced exercise on cognition functions, anxiety behavior and BDNF changes in the hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and also serum levels of BDNF and corticosterone during the abstinent period in male rats. Animals received morphine injections (10 mg/kg, twice a day) for 10 consecutive days. Then, the animals were exposed to a 4-week forced exercise training program under low, moderate or high intensities (30 min per session on 5 days a week), which accompanied by behavioral and biochemical tests. In Experiment 1, anxiety-like behaviors using elevated plus maze (EPM), and light/dark box (L/D box) were examined. In Experiment 2, cognitive functions using T-maze alteration and passive avoidance tasks were tested, which accompanied by BDNF measurements in the hippocampus and PFC. In Experiment 3, serum levels of BDNF and corticosterone following the termination of forced exercise regimen were measured. Morphine-abstinent animals exhibited anxiogenic -like behaviors in the EPM, but not L/D box. They also exhibited impaired T-maze alternation performance and passive avoidance memory, and a decline in hippocampal BDNF, but not PFC. Forced exercise at a moderate intensity alleviated anxiety, cognitive and BDNF defects in morphine-abstinent animals. The high load exercise enhanced serum levels of corticosterone in both saline and morphine groups. Thus, regular moderate forced exercise may be beneficial in preserving cognitive and mood functions in male addicts during the abstinent period and drug rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Shahroodi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran
- Laboratory of Endocrine Research, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 15131-38111, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Sleep and the GH/IGF-1 axis: Consequences and countermeasures of sleep loss/disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 49:101223. [PMID: 31778943 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an up-to-date review of the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the effect of sleep on the anabolic growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis. This axis is involved in learning and memory and neuroprotection at the central level, and in the crosstalk between sleep and the immune system, with respect to its anti-inflammatory properties. We also aim to provide insight into the consequences of sleep loss on cognitive capacities in healthy individuals and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), regarding the mechanistic association with the GH/IGF-1 axis. Finally, this review examines the inflammatory/endocrine pathways that are affected by sleep loss, and which may consequently interact with the GH/IGF-1 axis. The deleterious effects of sleep loss include fatigue, and can cause several adverse age-dependent health outcomes. It is therefore important to improve our understanding of the fundamental physiology underlying these effects in order to better apply non-pharmacological countermeasures (e.g., sleep strategies, exercise training, continuous positive airway pressure therapy) as well as pharmacological solutions, so as to limit the deleterious consequences of sleep loss/disorders.
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42
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Developing Trojan horses to induce, diagnose and suppress Alzheimer’s pathology. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Santi A, Genis L, Torres Aleman I. A Coordinated Action of Blood-Borne and Brain Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in the Response to Traumatic Brain Injury. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2007-2014. [PMID: 28449086 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to injury, the brain produces different neuroprotective molecules, such as insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). However, IGF-I is also taken up by the brain from the circulation in response to physiological stimuli. Herein, we analyzed in mice the relative contribution of circulating and locally produced IGF-I to increased brain IGF-I levels after insult. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by a controlled impact resulted in increased IGF-I levels in the vicinity of the lesion, but mice with low serum IGF-I showed significantly lower increases. Indeed, in normal mice, peripheral IGF-I accumulated at the lesion site after injury, and at the same time serum IGF-I levels decreased. Collectively, these data suggest that serum IGF-I enter into the brain after TBI and contributes to increased brain IGF-I levels at the injury site. This connection between central and circulating IGF-I provides an amenable route for treatment, as subcutaneous administration of IGF-I to TBI mice led to functional recovery. These latter results add further support to the use of systemic IGF-I or its mimetics for treatment of brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santi
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avda Dr Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.,Ciberned, C/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Genis
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avda Dr Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.,Ciberned, C/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Torres Aleman
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avda Dr Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.,Ciberned, C/ Valderrebollo 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
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Zegarra-Valdivia JA, Santi A, Fernández de Sevilla ME, Nuñez A, Torres Aleman I. Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Deficiency Associates to Alzheimer’s Disease Co-Morbidities. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 69:979-987. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Santi
- Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Spain
| | | | - Angel Nuñez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Leptin in hippocampus mediates benefits of mild exercise by an antioxidant on neurogenesis and memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10988-10993. [PMID: 31085646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815197116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise and dietary supplements with antioxidants each have the potential to improve cognitive function and attenuate cognitive decline, and, in some cases, they enhance each other. Our current results reveal that low-intensity exercise (mild exercise, ME) and the natural antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (AX) each have equivalent beneficial effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and memory function. We found that the enhancement by ME combined with AX in potentiating hippocampus-based plasticity and cognition is mediated by leptin (LEP) made and acting in the hippocampus. In assessing the combined effects upon wild-type (WT) mice undergoing ME with or without an AX diet for four weeks, we found that, when administrated alone, ME and AX separately enhanced neurogenesis and spatial memory, and when combined they were at least additive in their effects. DNA microarray and bioinformatics analyses revealed not only the up-regulation of an antioxidant gene, ABHD3, but also that the up-regulation of LEP gene expression in the hippocampus of WT mice with ME alone is further enhanced by AX. Together, they also increased hippocampal LEP (h-LEP) protein levels and enhanced spatial memory mediated through AKT/STAT3 signaling. AX treatment also has direct action on human neuroblastoma cell lines to increase cell viability associated with increased LEP expression. In LEP-deficient mice (ob/ob), chronic infusion of LEP into the lateral ventricles restored the synergy. Collectively, our findings suggest that not only h-LEP but also exogenous LEP mediates effects of ME on neural functions underlying memory, which is further enhanced by the antioxidant AX.
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Intergenerational transmission of the positive effects of physical exercise on brain and cognition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10103-10112. [PMID: 31010925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1816781116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has positive effects on cognition, but very little is known about the inheritance of these effects to sedentary offspring and the mechanisms involved. Here, we use a patrilineal design in mice to test the transmission of effects from the same father (before or after training) and from different fathers to compare sedentary- and runner-father progenies. Behavioral, stereological, and whole-genome sequence analyses reveal that paternal cognition improvement is inherited by the offspring, along with increased adult neurogenesis, greater mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, and modulation of the adult hippocampal gene expression profile. These results demonstrate the inheritance of exercise-induced cognition enhancement through the germline, pointing to paternal physical activity as a direct factor driving offspring's brain physiology and cognitive behavior.
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Lewitt MS, Boyd GW. The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in the Nervous System. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2019; 12:1178626419842176. [PMID: 31024217 PMCID: PMC6472167 DOI: 10.1177/1178626419842176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their receptors are widely expressed in nervous tissue from early embryonic life. They also cross the blood brain barriers by active transport, and their regulation as endocrine factors therefore differs from other tissues. In brain, IGFs have paracrine and autocrine actions that are modulated by IGF-binding proteins and interact with other growth factor signalling pathways. The IGF system has roles in nervous system development and maintenance. There is substantial evidence for a specific role for this system in some neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroprotective actions make this system an attractive target for new therapeutic approaches. In developing new therapies, interaction with IGF-binding proteins and other growth factor signalling pathways should be considered. This evidence is reviewed, gaps in knowledge are highlighted, and recommendations are made for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira S Lewitt
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
| | - Gary W Boyd
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, UK
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Pallé A, Zorzo C, Luskey VE, McGreevy KR, Fernández S, Trejo JL. Social dominance differentially alters gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex without affecting adult hippocampal neurogenesis or stress and anxiety-like behavior. FASEB J 2019; 33:6995-7008. [PMID: 30857420 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801600r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Social hierarchies are crucial for a group's survival and can influence the way an individual behaves and relates to a given social context. The study of social rank has been classically based on ethological and observational paradigms, but it recently has taken advantage of the use of other approaches, such as the tube test that measures territorial dominance without the display of in situ aggression and is executable in group-living animals. However, little is known about how previous basal individual differences affect the development of dominance hierarchy measured in the tube test. We have analyzed in male mice body weight, locomotion, anxiety, and serum corticosterone both before and after the tube test, as well as adult hippocampal neurogenesis and transcriptome in the prefrontal cortex after the hierarchy had been established. We found differential gene expression between dominants and subordinates but no association between the other parameters and social status, neither pre- nor posttest. Our findings reveal that social rank in mice is stable along time and is not related to basal differences in stress, mood, or physical features. Lastly, real-time quantitative PCR analysis confirmed differential expression of vomeronasal and olfactory receptors in the cerebral cortex between dominant and subordinate individuals, suggesting that differential brain gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex could potentially be used as a biomarker of social dominance.-Pallé, A., Zorzo, C., Luskey, V. E., McGreevy, K. R., Fernández, S., Trejo, J. L. Social dominance differentially alters gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex without affecting adult hippocampal neurogenesis or stress and anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pallé
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Candela Zorzo
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Valerie E Luskey
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Kerry R McGreevy
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Silvia Fernández
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Unit, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Trejo
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; and
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Costa KG, Cabral DA, Hohl R, Fontes EB. Rewiring the Addicted Brain Through a Psychobiological Model of Physical Exercise. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:600. [PMID: 31507468 PMCID: PMC6718472 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a worldwide public health problem, resulting from multiple phenomena, including those both social and biological. Chronic use of psychoactive substances has been shown to induce structural and functional changes in the brain that impair cognitive control and favor compulsive seeking behavior. Physical exercise has been proven to improve brain function and cognition in both healthy and clinical populations. While some studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of physical exercise in treating and preventing addictive behaviors, few studies have investigated its cognitive and neurobiological contributions to drug-addicted brains. Here, we review studies in humans using cognitive behavioral responses and neuroimaging techniques, which reveal that exercise can be an effective auxiliary treatment for drug addictive disorders. Moreover, we describe the neurobiological mechanisms by which exercise-induced neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex improves executive functions and may decrease compulsive behaviors in individuals prone to substance use disorders. Finally, we propose an integrative cognitive-psychobiological model of exercise for use in future research in drug addiction and practical guidance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kell Grandjean Costa
- NEUROex: Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Daniel Aranha Cabral
- NEUROex: Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Hohl
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes
- NEUROex: Research Group in Physical Activity, Cognition and Behavior, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Dobolyi A, Lékó AH. The insulin-like growth factor-1 system in the adult mammalian brain and its implications in central maternal adaptation. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:181-194. [PMID: 30552909 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge on the bioavailability and actions of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has markedly expanded in recent years as novel mechanisms were discovered on IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their ability to release IGF-1. The new discoveries allowed a better understanding of the endogenous physiological actions of IGF-1 and also its applicability in therapeutics. The focus of the present review is to summarize novel findings on the neuronal, neuroendocrine and neuroplastic actions of IGF-1 in the adult brain. As most of the new regulatory mechanisms were described in the periphery, their implications on brain IGF system will also be covered. In addition, novel findings on the effects of IGF-1 on lactation and maternal behavior are described. Based on the enormous neuroplastic changes related to the peripartum period, IGF-1 has great but largely unexplored potential in maternal adaptation of the brain, which is highlighted in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András H Lékó
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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