1
|
Mailloux RJ. The emerging importance of the α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes in serving as intracellular and intercellular signaling platforms for the regulation of metabolism. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103155. [PMID: 38615490 PMCID: PMC11021975 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (KDHc) class of mitochondrial enzymes is composed of four members: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHc), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHc), branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDHc), and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADHc). These enzyme complexes occupy critical metabolic intersections that connect monosaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism to Krebs cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This feature also imbues KDHc enzymes with the heightened capacity to serve as platforms for propagation of intracellular and intercellular signaling. KDHc enzymes serve as a source and sink for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2), a vital second messenger used to trigger oxidative eustress pathways. Notably, deactivation of KDHc enzymes through reversible oxidation by mtH2O2 and other electrophiles modulates the availability of several Krebs cycle intermediates and related metabolites which serve as powerful intracellular and intercellular messengers. The KDHc enzymes also play important roles in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic programming in the nucleus through the provision of various acyl-CoAs, which are used to acylate proteinaceous lysine residues. Intriguingly, nucleosomal control by acylation is also achieved through PDHc and KGDHc localization to the nuclear lumen. In this review, I discuss emerging concepts in the signaling roles fulfilled by the KDHc complexes. I highlight their vital function in serving as mitochondrial redox sensors and how this function can be used by cells to regulate the availability of critical metabolites required in cell signaling. Coupled with this, I describe in detail how defects in KDHc function can cause disease states through the disruption of cell redox homeodynamics and the deregulation of metabolic signaling. Finally, I propose that the intracellular and intercellular signaling functions of the KDHc enzymes are controlled through the reversible redox modification of the vicinal lipoic acid thiols in the E2 subunit of the complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Plokhikh KS, Nesterov SV, Chesnokov YM, Rogov AG, Kamyshinsky RA, Vasiliev AL, Yaguzhinsky LS, Vasilov RG. Association of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes with respirasomes in mitochondria. FEBS J 2024; 291:132-141. [PMID: 37789611 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, cryo-electron tomography was used to investigate the localization of 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes (OADCs) in cardiac mitochondria and mitochondrial inner membrane samples. Two classes of ordered OADC inner cores with different symmetries were distinguished and their quaternary structures modeled. One class corresponds to pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes and the other to dehydrogenase complexes of α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain α-ketoacids. OADCs were shown to be localized in close proximity to membrane-embedded respirasomes, as observed both in densely packed lamellar cristae of cardiac mitochondria and in ruptured mitochondrial samples where the dense packing is absent. This suggests the specificity of the OADC-respirasome interaction, which allows localized NADH/NAD+ exchange between OADCs and complex I of the respiratory chain. The importance of this local coupling is based on OADCs being the link between respiration, glycolysis and amino acid metabolism. The coupling of these basic metabolic processes can vary in different tissues and conditions and may be involved in the development of various pathologies. The present study shows that this important and previously missing parameter of mitochondrial complex coupling can be successfully assessed using cryo-electron tomography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin S Plokhikh
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Semen V Nesterov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Yuriy M Chesnokov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton G Rogov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Kamyshinsky
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr L Vasiliev
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Lev S Yaguzhinsky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Belozersky Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Raif G Vasilov
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chalifoux O, Faerman B, Mailloux RJ. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production by pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in oxidative eustress and oxidative distress. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105399. [PMID: 37898400 PMCID: PMC10692731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) are vital entry points for monosaccharides and amino acids into the Krebs cycle and thus integral for mitochondrial bioenergetics. Both complexes produce mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) and are deactivated by electrophiles. Here, we provide an update on the role of PDH and KGDH in mitochondrial redox balance and their function in facilitating metabolic reprogramming for the propagation of oxidative eustress signals in hepatocytes and how defects in these pathways can cause liver diseases. PDH and KGDH are known to account for ∼45% of the total mH2O2 formed by mitochondria and display rates of production several-fold higher than the canonical source complex I. This mH2O2 can also be formed by reverse electron transfer (RET) in vivo, which has been linked to metabolic dysfunctions that occur in pathogenesis. However, the controlled emission of mH2O2 from PDH and KGDH has been proposed to be fundamental for oxidative eustress signal propagation in several cellular contexts. Modification of PDH and KGDH with protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG) and S-nitrosylation (PSNO) adducts serves as a feedback inhibitor for mH2O2 production in response to glutathione (GSH) pool oxidation. PSSG and PSNO adduct formation also reprogram the Krebs cycle to generate metabolites vital for interorganelle and intercellular signaling. Defects in the redox modification of PDH and KGDH cause the over generation of mH2O2, resulting in oxidative distress and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In aggregate, PDH and KGDH are essential platforms for emitting and receiving oxidative eustress signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Chalifoux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ben Faerman
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ryan J Mailloux
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Z, Wang R, Wang Y, Duan Y, Zhan H. Targeting succinylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming as a potential approach for cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115713. [PMID: 37852104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a common hallmark of cancers and involves alterations in many metabolic pathways during tumor initiation and progression. However, the cancer-specific modulation of metabolic reprogramming requires further elucidation. Succinylation, a newly identified protein posttranslational modification (PTM), participates in many cellular processes by transferring a succinyl group to a residue of the target protein, which is related to various pathological disorders including cancers. In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in the number of studies on the regulation of tumors by protein succinylation. Notably, accumulating evidence suggests that succinylation can mediate cancer cell metabolism by altering the structure or activity of metabolism-related proteins and plays vital roles in metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, some antitumor drugs have been linked to succinylation-mediated tumor-associated metabolism. To better elucidate lysine succinylation mediated tumor metabolic reprogramming, this review mainly summarizes recent studies on the regulation and effects of protein succinylation in tumors, focusing on the metabolic regulation of tumorigenesis and development, which will provide new directions for cancer diagnosis as well as possible therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Runxian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yangmiao Duan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Semadhi MP, Mulyaty D, Halimah E, Levita J. Healthy mitochondrial DNA in balanced mitochondrial dynamics: A potential marker for neuro‑aging prediction (Review). Biomed Rep 2023; 19:64. [PMID: 37614983 PMCID: PMC10442761 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is released as a response to cellular stress. In mitochondrial biogenesis, active communication between the mitochondria genome and nucleus is associated with the mtDNA profile that affects the mitochondrial quality. The present review aimed to assess the molecular mechanism and potential roles of mitochondria in neuro-aging, including the importance of evaluating the health status of mtDNA via mitochondrial dynamics. The normal condition of mitochondria, defined as mitochondrial dynamics, includes persistent changes in morphology due to fission and fusion events and autophagy-mitophagy in the mitochondrial quality control process. The calculated copy number of mtDNA in the mitochondria genome represents cellular health, which can be affected by a long-term imbalance between the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the neuroendocrine system, which leads to an abnormal function of mitochondria and mtDNA damage. Mitochondria health is a new approach to discovering a potential indicator for the health status of the nervous system and several types of neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dynamics is a key contributor to predicting neuro-aging development, which affects the self-renewal and differentiation of neurons in cell metabolism. Neuro-aging is associated with uncontrolled mitochondrial dynamics, which generates age-associated diseases via various mechanisms and signaling routes that lead to the mtDNA damage that has been associated with neurodegeneration. Future studies on the strategic positioning of mtDNA health profile are needed to detect early neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Made Putra Semadhi
- Prodia National Reference Laboratory, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dewi Mulyaty
- Prodia Widyahusada Co., Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Eli Halimah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Jutti Levita
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alzahrani SM, Ebert PR. Pesticidal Toxicity of Phosphine and Its Interaction with Other Pest Control Treatments. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2461-2473. [PMID: 36975531 PMCID: PMC10047108 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphine is the most widely used fumigant for stored grains due to a lack of better alternatives, all of which have serious shortcomings that restrict their use. The extensive use of phosphine has led to the development of resistance among insect pests of grain, which threatens its status as a reliable fumigant. Understanding the mode of action of phosphine as well as its resistance mechanisms provides insight that may lead to improved phosphine efficacy and pest control strategies. The mechanisms of action in phosphine vary from disrupting metabolism and oxidative stress to neurotoxicity. Phosphine resistance is genetically inherited and is mediated by the mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase complex. In this regard, laboratory studies have revealed treatments that synergistically enhance phosphine toxicity that may be used to suppress resistance development and enhance efficacy. Here, we discuss the reported phosphine modes of action, mechanisms of resistance and interactions with other treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad M. Alzahrani
- Advanced Agricultural & Food Technology Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Horváth G, Sváb G, Komlódi T, Ravasz D, Kacsó G, Doczi J, Chinopoulos C, Ambrus A, Tretter L. Reverse and Forward Electron Flow-Induced H2O2 Formation Is Decreased in α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) Subunit (E2 or E3) Heterozygote Knock Out Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081487. [PMID: 36009207 PMCID: PMC9404749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHc), or 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, that has been identified in neurodegenerative diseases such as in Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to establish the role of the KGDHc and its subunits in the bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis of brain mitochondria. To study the bioenergetic profile of KGDHc, genetically modified mouse strains were used having a heterozygous knock out (KO) either in the dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase (DLST+/−) or in the dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD+/−) subunit. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and expression of antioxidant enzymes were measured in isolated mouse brain mitochondria. Here, we demonstrate that the ADP-stimulated respiration of mitochondria was partially arrested in the transgenic animals when utilizing α-ketoglutarate (α-KG or 2-OG) as a fuel substrate. Succinate and α-glycerophosphate (α-GP), however, did not show this effect. The H2O2 production in mitochondria energized with α-KG was decreased after inhibiting the adenine nucleotide translocase and Complex I (CI) in the transgenic strains compared to the controls. Similarly, the reverse electron transfer (RET)-evoked H2O2 formation supported by succinate or α-GP were inhibited in mitochondria isolated from the transgenic animals. The decrease of RET-evoked ROS production by DLST+/− or DLD+/− KO-s puts the emphasis of the KGDHc in the pathomechanism of ischemia-reperfusion evoked oxidative stress. Supporting this notion, expression of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase was also decreased in the KGDHc transgenic animals suggesting the attenuation of ROS-producing characteristics of KGDHc. These findings confirm the contribution of the KGDHc to the mitochondrial ROS production and in the pathomechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Collapse
|
8
|
Grass M, McDougal AD, Blazeski A, Kamm RD, García-Cardeña G, Dewey CF. A computational model of cardiomyocyte metabolism predicts unique reperfusion protocols capable of reducing cell damage during ischemia/reperfusion. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101693. [PMID: 35157851 PMCID: PMC9062261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
If a coronary blood vessel is occluded and the neighboring cardiomyocytes deprived of oxygen, subsequent reperfusion of the ischemic tissue can lead to oxidative damage due to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. Cardiomyocytes and their mitochondria are the main energy producers and consumers of the heart, and their metabolic changes during ischemia seem to be a key driver of reperfusion injury. Here, we hypothesized that tracking changes in cardiomyocyte metabolism, such as oxygen and ATP concentrations, would help in identifying points of metabolic failure during ischemia and reperfusion. To track some of these changes continuously from the onset of ischemia through reperfusion, we developed a system of differential equations representing the chemical reactions involved in the production and consumption of 67 molecular species. This model was validated and used to identify conditions present during periods of critical transition in ischemia and reperfusion that could lead to oxidative damage. These simulations identified a range of oxygen concentrations that lead to reverse mitochondrial electron transport at complex I of the respiratory chain and a spike in mitochondrial membrane potential, which are key suspects in the generation of reactive oxygen species at the onset of reperfusion. Our model predicts that a short initial reperfusion treatment with reduced oxygen content (5% of physiological levels) could reduce the cellular damage from both of these mechanisms. This model should serve as an open-source platform to test ideas for treatment of the ischemia reperfusion process by following the temporal evolution of molecular concentrations in the cardiomyocyte.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Grass
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Program in Human Biology and Translational Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anthony D McDougal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriana Blazeski
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Program in Human Biology and Translational Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Program in Human Biology and Translational Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - C Forbes Dewey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bioengineered Cystinotic Kidney Tubules Recapitulate a Nephropathic Phenotype. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010177. [PMID: 35011739 PMCID: PMC8750898 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare and severe disease caused by disruptions in the CTNS gene. Cystinosis is characterized by lysosomal cystine accumulation, vesicle trafficking impairment, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Additionally, cystinotic patients exhibit weakening and leakage of the proximal tubular segment of the nephrons, leading to renal Fanconi syndrome and kidney failure early in life. Current in vitro cystinotic models cannot recapitulate all clinical features of the disease which limits their translational value. Therefore, the development of novel, complex in vitro models that better mimic the disease and exhibit characteristics not compatible with 2-dimensional cell culture is of crucial importance for novel therapies development. In this study, we developed a 3-dimensional bioengineered model of nephropathic cystinosis by culturing conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells (ciPTECs) on hollow fiber membranes (HFM). Cystinotic kidney tubules showed lysosomal cystine accumulation, increased autophagy and vesicle trafficking deterioration, the impairment of several metabolic pathways, and the disruption of the epithelial monolayer tightness as compared to control kidney tubules. In particular, the loss of monolayer organization and leakage could be mimicked with the use of the cystinotic kidney tubules, which has not been possible before, using the standard 2-dimensional cell culture. Overall, bioengineered cystinotic kidney tubules recapitulate better the nephropathic phenotype at a molecular, structural, and functional proximal tubule level compared to 2-dimensional cell cultures.
Collapse
|
10
|
Depression and obesity among females, are sex specificities considered? Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:851-866. [PMID: 33880649 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the relationship of obesity-depression in the female sex. We carried out a systematic search (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase) to quantify the articles (controlled trials and randomized controlled trials) regarding obesity and depression on a female population or a mixed sample. Successively, we established whether the sex specificities were studied by the authors and if they reported on collecting data regarding factors that may contribute to the evolution of obesity and depression and that could be responsible for the greater susceptibility of females to those conditions. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we found a total of 20 articles with a female sample and 54 articles with a mixed sample. More than half of all articles (51.35%, n = 38) evaluated the relationship between depression and obesity, but only 20 (27.03%) evaluated this relationship among females; still, 80% of those (n = 16) presented supporting results. However, few articles considered confounding factors related to female hormones (12.16%, n = 9) and none of the articles focused on factors responsible for the binomial obesity-depression in the female sex. The resulting articles also supported that depression (and related impairments) influencing obesity (and related impairments) is a two-way road. This systematic review supports the concurrency of obesity-depression in females but also shows how sex specificities are ultimately under-investigated. Female sex specificity is not being actively considered when studying the binomial obesity-depression, even within a female sample. Future studies should focus on trying to understand how the female sex and normal hormonal variations influence these conditions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Isei MO, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Anoxia-reoxygenation alters H 2O 2 efflux and sensitivity of redox centers to copper in heart mitochondria. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109111. [PMID: 34146700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in organ damage caused by environmental stressors, prompting studies on the effect of oxygen deprivation and metal exposure on ROS metabolism. However, how anoxia and copper (Cu) jointly influence heart mitochondrial ROS metabolism is not understood. We used rainbow trout heart mitochondria to probe the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission during oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine (PC), succinate, or glutamate-malate. In addition, we examined the influence of anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu on site-specific H2O2 emission capacities and key antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Results showed that anoxia-reoxygenation suppressed H2O2 emission regardless of substrate type or duration of anoxia. Anoxia-reoxygenation reduced mitochondrial sensitivity to Cu during oxidation of succinate or glutamate-malate whereas high Cu concentration additively stimulated H2O2 emission in mitochondria oxidizing PC. Prolonged anoxia-reoxygenation stimulated H2O2 emission from sites OF and IF, inhibited emission from sites IQ, IIF and IIIQo, and disparately altered the sensitivity of the sites to Cu. Interestingly, anoxia-reoxygenation increased GPx and TrxR activities, more prominently when reoxygenation followed a short duration of anoxia. Cu did not alter GPx but reduced TrxR activity in normoxic and anoxic-reoxygenated mitochondria. Overall, our study revealed potential mechanisms that may reduce oxidative damage associated with anoxia-reoxygenation and Cu exposure in heart mitochondria. The increased and decreased H2O2 emission from NADH/NAD+ and QH2/Q isopotential sites, respectively, may represent a balance between H2O2 required for oxygen deprivation-induced signaling and prevention of ROS burst associated with anoxia-reoxygenation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Isei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, PE, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seminotti B, Roginski AC, Zanatta Â, Amaral AU, Fernandes T, Spannenberger KP, da Silva LHR, Ribeiro RT, Leipnitz G, Wajner M. S-adenosylmethionine induces mitochondrial dysfunction, permeability transition pore opening and redox imbalance in subcellular preparations of rat liver. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 53:525-539. [PMID: 34347214 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) predominantly accumulates in tissues and biological fluids of patients affected by liver dysmethylating diseases, particularly glycine N-methyltransferase, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and adenosine kinase deficiencies, as well as in some hepatic mtDNA depletion syndromes, whose pathogenesis of liver dysfunction is still poorly established. Therefore, in the present work, we investigated the effects of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) on mitochondrial functions and redox homeostasis in rat liver. AdoMet decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and Ca2+ retention capacity, and these effects were fully prevented by cyclosporin A and ADP, indicating mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) induction. It was also verified that the thiol-alkylating agent NEM prevented AdoMet-induced ΔΨm dissipation, implying a role for thiol oxidation in the mPT pore opening. AdoMet also increased ROS production and provoked protein and lipid oxidation. Furthermore, AdoMet reduced GSH levels and the activities of aconitase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Free radical scavengers attenuated AdoMet effects on lipid peroxidation and GSH levels, supporting a role of ROS in these effects. It is therefore presumed that disturbance of mitochondrial functions associated with mPT and redox unbalance may represent relevant pathomechanisms of liver damage provoked by AdoMet in disorders in which this metabolite accumulates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Seminotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Roginski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângela Zanatta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Umpierrez Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Avenida Sete de Setembro, 1621, Erechim, RS, 99709-910, Brazil
| | - Thabata Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kaleb Pinto Spannenberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Henrique Rodrigues da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Prédio 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-007, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jamalpoor A, van Gelder CAGH, Yousef Yengej FA, Zaal EA, Berlingerio SP, Veys KR, Pou Casellas C, Voskuil K, Essa K, Ammerlaan CME, Rega LR, van der Welle REN, Lilien MR, Rookmaaker MB, Clevers H, Klumperman J, Levtchenko E, Berkers CR, Verhaar MC, Altelaar M, Masereeuw R, Janssen MJ. Cysteamine-bicalutamide combination therapy corrects proximal tubule phenotype in cystinosis. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13067. [PMID: 34165243 PMCID: PMC8261496 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephropathic cystinosis is a severe monogenic kidney disorder caused by mutations in CTNS, encoding the lysosomal transporter cystinosin, resulting in lysosomal cystine accumulation. The sole treatment, cysteamine, slows down the disease progression, but does not correct the established renal proximal tubulopathy. Here, we developed a new therapeutic strategy by applying omics to expand our knowledge on the complexity of the disease and prioritize drug targets in cystinosis. We identified alpha-ketoglutarate as a potential metabolite to bridge cystinosin loss to autophagy, apoptosis and kidney proximal tubule impairment in cystinosis. This insight combined with a drug screen revealed a bicalutamide-cysteamine combination treatment as a novel dual-target pharmacological approach for the phenotypical correction of cystinotic kidney proximal tubule cells, patient-derived kidney tubuloids and cystinotic zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amer Jamalpoor
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Charlotte AGH van Gelder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Fjodor A Yousef Yengej
- Hubrecht Institute‐Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Division of Cell Biology, Cancer & MetabolismDepartment of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sante P Berlingerio
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and RegenerationUniversity Hospitals Leuven & KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Koenraad R Veys
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and RegenerationUniversity Hospitals Leuven & KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Carla Pou Casellas
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Koen Voskuil
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Khaled Essa
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Carola ME Ammerlaan
- Hubrecht Institute‐Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Laura Rita Rega
- Renal Diseases Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research AreaBambino Gesù Children’s HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Reini EN van der Welle
- Section Cell BiologyCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc R Lilien
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyWilhelmina Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute‐Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell BiologyCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology & Growth and RegenerationUniversity Hospitals Leuven & KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Division of Cell Biology, Cancer & MetabolismDepartment of Biomolecular Health SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and ProteomicsBijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of PharmacologyDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fu X, Wan P, Li P, Wang J, Guo S, Zhang Y, An Y, Ye C, Liu Z, Gao J, Yang J, Fan J, Chai R. Mechanism and Prevention of Ototoxicity Induced by Aminoglycosides. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:692762. [PMID: 34211374 PMCID: PMC8239227 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.692762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides, a class of clinically important drugs, are widely used worldwide against gram-negative bacterial infections. However, there is growing evidence that aminoglycosides can cause hearing loss or balance problems. In this article, we mainly introduce the main mechanism of ototoxicity induced by aminoglycosides. Genetic analysis showed that the susceptibility of aminoglycosides was attributable to mutations in mtDNA, especially A1555G and C1494T mutations in 12S rRNA. In addition, the overexpression of NMDA receptors and the formation of free radicals also play an important role. Understanding the mechanism of ototoxicity induced by aminoglycosides is helpful to develop new therapeutic methods to protect hearing. In this article, the prevention methods of ototoxicity induced by aminoglycosides were introduced from the upstream and downstream aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peifeng Wan
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Siwei Guo
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Otology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yachun An
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyi Liu
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiangang Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagy B, Polak M, Ozohanics O, Zambo Z, Szabo E, Hubert A, Jordan F, Novaček J, Adam-Vizi V, Ambrus A. Structure of the dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) component of the human alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (hKGDHc) revealed by cryo-EM and cross-linking mass spectrometry: Implications for the overall hKGDHc structure. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129889. [PMID: 33684457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (hKGDHc) converts KG to succinyl-CoA and NADH. Malfunction of and reactive oxygen species generation by the hKGDHc as well as its E1-E2 subcomplex are implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia-reperfusion injury, E3-deficiency and cancers. METHODS We performed cryo-EM, cross-linking mass spectrometry (CL-MS) and molecular modeling analyses to determine the structure of the E2 component of the hKGDHc (hE2k); hE2k transfers a succinyl group to CoA and forms the structural core of hKGDHc. We also assessed the overall structure of the hKGDHc by negative-stain EM and modeling. RESULTS We report the 2.9 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the hE2k component. The cryo-EM map comprises density for hE2k residues 151-386 - the entire (inner) core catalytic domain plus a few additional residues -, while residues 1-150 are not observed due to the inherent flexibility of the N-terminal region. The structure of the latter segment was also determined by CL-MS and homology modeling. Negative-stain EM on in vitro assembled hKGDHc and previous data were used to build a putative overall structural model of the hKGDHc. CONCLUSIONS The E2 core of the hKGDHc is composed of 24 hE2k chains organized in octahedral (8 × 3 type) assembly. Each lipoyl domain is oriented towards the core domain of an adjacent chain in the hE2k homotrimer. hE1k and hE3 are most likely tethered at the edges and faces, respectively, of the cubic hE2k assembly. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The revealed structural information will support the future pharmacologically targeting of the hKGDHc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balint Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Polak
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Zambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Hubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jiří Novaček
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choudhuri S, Chowdhury IH, Garg NJ. Mitochondrial Regulation of Macrophage Response Against Pathogens. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622602. [PMID: 33679710 PMCID: PMC7925834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells play the first line of defense against pathogens. Phagocytosis or invasion by pathogens can affect mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages by diverse mechanisms and shape the macrophage response (proinflammatory vs. immunomodulatory) against pathogens. Besides β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate, reduced (NADPH) oxidase, mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes release superoxide for direct killing of the pathogen. Mitochondria that are injured are removed by mitophagy, and this process can be critical for regulating macrophage activation. For example, impaired mitophagy can result in cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that can lead to activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway of macrophage proinflammatory response. In this review, we will discuss how metabolism, mtDNA, mitophagy, and cGAS-STING pathway shape the macrophage response to infectious agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Imran Hussain Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, United States
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Selective NADH communication from α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase to mitochondrial transhydrogenase prevents reactive oxygen species formation under reducing conditions in the heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:53. [PMID: 32748289 PMCID: PMC7399685 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In heart failure, a functional block of complex I of the respiratory chain provokes superoxide generation, which is transformed to H2O2 by dismutation. The Krebs cycle produces NADH, which delivers electrons to complex I, and NADPH for H2O2 elimination via isocitrate dehydrogenase and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT). At high NADH levels, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) is a major source of superoxide in skeletal muscle mitochondria with low NNT activity. Here, we analyzed how α-KGDH and NNT control H2O2 emission in cardiac mitochondria. In cardiac mitochondria from NNT-competent BL/6N mice, H2O2 emission is equally low with pyruvate/malate (P/M) or α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as substrates. Complex I inhibition with rotenone increases H2O2 emission from P/M, but not α-KG respiring mitochondria, which is potentiated by depleting H2O2-eliminating capacity. Conversely, in NNT-deficient BL/6J mitochondria, H2O2 emission is higher with α-KG than with P/M as substrate, and further potentiated by complex I blockade. Prior depletion of H2O2-eliminating capacity increases H2O2 emission from P/M, but not α-KG respiring mitochondria. In cardiac myocytes, downregulation of α-KGDH activity impaired dynamic mitochondrial redox adaptation during workload transitions, without increasing H2O2 emission. In conclusion, NADH from α-KGDH selectively shuttles to NNT for NADPH formation rather than to complex I of the respiratory chain for ATP production. Therefore, α-KGDH plays a key role for H2O2 elimination, but is not a relevant source of superoxide in heart. In heart failure, α-KGDH/NNT-dependent NADPH formation ameliorates oxidative stress imposed by complex I blockade. Downregulation of α-KGDH may, therefore, predispose to oxidative stress in heart failure.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lio CWJ, Huang SCC. Circles of Life: linking metabolic and epigenetic cycles to immunity. Immunology 2020; 161:165-174. [PMID: 32418209 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites are the essential substrates for epigenetic modification enzymes to write or erase the epigenetic blueprint in cells. Hence, the availability of nutrients and activity of metabolic pathways strongly influence the enzymatic function. Recent studies have shed light on the choreography between metabolome and epigenome in the control of immune cell differentiation and function, with a major focus on histone modifications. Yet, despite its importance in gene regulation, DNA methylation and its relationship with metabolism is relatively unclear. In this review, we will describe how the metabolic flux can influence epigenetic networks in innate and adaptive immune cells, with a focus on the DNA methylation cycle and the metabolites S-adenosylmethionine and α-ketoglutarate. Future directions will be discussed for this rapidly emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Wang Jerry Lio
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dobolyi A, Bago A, Palkovits M, Nemeria NS, Jordan F, Doczi J, Ambrus A, Adam-Vizi V, Chinopoulos C. Exclusive neuronal detection of KGDHC-specific subunits in the adult human brain cortex despite pancellular protein lysine succinylation. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:639-667. [PMID: 31982949 PMCID: PMC7046601 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) consists of three different subunits encoded by OGDH (or OGDHL), DLST, and DLD, combined in different stoichiometries. DLD subunit is shared between KGDHC and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, and the glycine cleavage system. Despite KGDHC's implication in neurodegenerative diseases, cell-specific localization of its subunits in the adult human brain has never been investigated. Here, we show that immunoreactivity of all known isoforms of OGDHL, OGDH, and DLST was detected exclusively in neurons of surgical human cortical tissue samples identified by their morphology and visualized by double labeling with fluorescent Nissl, while being absent from glia expressing GFAP, Aldhl1, myelin basic protein, Olig2, or IBA1. In contrast, DLD immunoreactivity was evident in both neurons and glia. Specificity of anti-KGDHC subunits antisera was verified by a decrease in staining of siRNA-treated human cancer cell lines directed against the respective coding gene products; furthermore, immunoreactivity of KGDHC subunits in human fibroblasts co-localized > 99% with mitotracker orange, while western blotting of 63 post-mortem brain samples and purified recombinant proteins afforded further assurance regarding antisera monospecificity. KGDHC subunit immunoreactivity correlated with data from the Human Protein Atlas as well as RNA-Seq data from the Allen Brain Atlas corresponding to genes coding for KGDHC components. Protein lysine succinylation, however, was immunohistochemically evident in all cortical cells; this was unexpected, because this posttranslational modification requires succinyl-CoA, the product of KGDHC. In view of the fact that glia of the human brain cortex lack succinate-CoA ligase, an enzyme producing succinyl-CoA when operating in reverse, protein lysine succinylation in these cells must exclusively rely on propionate and/or ketone body metabolism or some other yet to be discovered pathway encompassing succinyl-CoA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Attila Bago
- National Institute of Neurosurgery, Budapest, 1145, Hungary
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102-1811, USA
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102-1811, USA
| | - Judit Doczi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tuzolto st. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yan D, Franzini A, Pomicter AD, Halverson BJ, Antelope O, Mason CC, Ahmann JM, Senina AV, Vellore NA, Jones CL, Zabriskie MS, Than H, Xiao MJ, van Scoyk A, Patel AB, Clair PM, Heaton WL, Owen SC, Andersen JL, Egbert CM, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Cox JE, Gantz KC, Redwine HM, Iyer SM, Khorashad JS, Rajabi N, Olsen CA, O'Hare T, Deininger MW. SIRT5 IS A DRUGGABLE METABOLIC VULNERABILITY IN ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. Blood Cancer Discov 2019; 2:266-287. [PMID: 34027418 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that the survival and growth of many primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples and cell lines, but not normal CD34+ cells, are dependent on SIRT5, a lysine deacylase implicated in regulating multiple metabolic pathways. Dependence on SIRT5 is genotype-agnostic and extends to RAS- and p53-mutated AML. Results were comparable between SIRT5 knockdown and SIRT5 inhibition using NRD167, a potent and selective SIRT5 inhibitor. Apoptosis induced by SIRT5 disruption is preceded by reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine utilization, and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide that is attenuated by ectopic superoxide dismutase 2. These data indicate that SIRT5 controls and coordinates several key metabolic pathways in AML and implicate SIRT5 as a vulnerability in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yan
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anca Franzini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - Orlando Antelope
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Clinton C Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jonathan M Ahmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna V Senina
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nadeem A Vellore
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Courtney L Jones
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Hein Than
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Michael J Xiao
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Ami B Patel
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Phillip M Clair
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William L Heaton
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Shawn C Owen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Christina M Egbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin C Gantz
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hannah M Redwine
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Siddharth M Iyer
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nima Rajabi
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals & Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaric Acid Impairs Redox and Energy Homeostasis, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Endoplasmic Reticulum–Mitochondria Crosstalk in Rat Brain. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:314-325. [PMID: 31721046 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficiency is a neurometabolic disorder characterized by predominant accumulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid (HMG) in tissues and biological fluids. Patients often present in the first year of life with metabolic acidosis, non-ketotic hypoglycemia, hypotonia, lethargy, and coma. Since neurological symptoms may be triggered or worsened during episodes of metabolic decompensation, which are characterized by high urinary excretion of organic acids, this study investigated the effects of HMG intracerebroventricular administration on redox homeostasis, citric acid cycle enzyme activities, dynamics (mitochondrial fusion and fission), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria crosstalk in the brain of neonatal rats euthanized 1 (short term) or 20 days (long term) after injection. HMG induced lipid peroxidation and decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and citric acid cycle enzymes, suggesting bioenergetic and redox disruption, 1 day after administration. Levels of VDAC1, Grp75, and mitofusin-1, proteins involved in ER-mitochondria crosstalk and mitochondrial fusion, were increased by HMG. Furthermore, HMG diminished synaptophysin levels and tau phosphorylation, and increased active caspase-3 content, indicative of cell damage. Finally, HMG decreased GPx activity and synaptophysin levels, and changed MAPK phosphorylation 20 days after injection, suggesting that long-term toxicity is further induced by this organic acid. Taken together, these data show that HMG induces oxidative stress and disrupts bioenergetics, dynamics, ER-mitochondria communication, and signaling pathways in the brain of rats soon after birth. It may be presumed that these mechanisms underlie the onset and progression of symptoms during decompensation occurring in HL-deficient patients during the neonatal period.
Collapse
|
22
|
Boussada M, Dias TR, Crisóstomo L, Akacha AB, Ali RB, El May MV, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. A new thiocyanoacetamide (2-cyano-2-p-nitrophenyl-N-benzylthioamide) reduces doxorubicin-induced in vitro toxicity in Sertoli cells by decreasing apoptosis and autophagy. Theriogenology 2019; 140:188-200. [PMID: 31479835 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite conflicting data on doxorubicin (DOX) reproductive toxicity, its chemotherapeutic potential sustains its use to treat different types of cancer. This work was designed to study the protective effect of a newly synthesized thiocyanoacetamide (TA), in comparison with selenium (Se), against doxorubicin-induced in vitro toxicity in rat Sertoli cells (SCs). DOX was administered alone or in combination with Se or TA. The possible protective role of increased concentrations of TA (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) or Se (12, 25 and 50 μM) on SCs was tested against 1 μM of DOX. From this screening, only the least toxic doses of TA and Se were used for further analysis. DOX cytotoxicity, as well as its impact on SCs viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress biomarkers, apoptosis and autophagy were assessed. Our results showed that DOX exerted its cytotoxic effect through a significant increase in cell death. DOX-mediated cell death was not related to autophagy nor to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species. It was rather due to apoptosis, as shown by the increased number of apoptotic cells and increased activity of caspase-3, or due to necrosis, as shown by the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) extracellular activity. Still, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels, as well as ΔΨm were not altered by the different treatments. Some individual doses of Se or TA induced a significant toxicity in SCs, however, when combined with DOX, there was a decrease in cell death, LDH extracellular activity, number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3 activity. Overall, our results indicate that DOX-mediated apoptosis in cultured SCs can possibly be averted through its association with specific doses of Se or TA. Nevertheless, TA showed a higher efficiency than Se in reducing DOX-induced toxicity in SCs by decreasing not only apoptosis, but also necrosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Boussada
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Tânia R Dias
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE - Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Crisóstomo
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Azaiez B Akacha
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Heterocyclic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ridha B Ali
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Michèle V El May
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ambrus A. An Updated View on the Molecular Pathomechanisms of Human Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Light of Novel Crystallographic Evidence. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2307-2313. [PMID: 30847858 PMCID: PMC6776566 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH, E3) deficiency is a rare (autosomal, recessive) genetic disorder generally presenting with an onset in the neonatal age and early death; the highest carrier rate has been found among Ashkenazi Jews. Acute clinical episodes usually involve severe metabolic decompensation and lactate acidosis that result in neurological, cardiological, and/or hepatological manifestations. Clinical severity is due to the fact that LADH is a common E3 subunit to the alpha-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, alpha-ketoadipate, and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes, and is also a constituent in the glycine cleavage system, thus a loss in LADH function adversely affects multiple key metabolic routes. However, the severe clinical pictures frequently still do not parallel the LADH activity loss, which implies the involvement of auxiliary biochemical mechanisms; enhanced reactive oxygen species generation as well as affinity loss for multienzyme complexes proved to be key auxiliary exacerbating pathomechanisms. This review provides an overview and an up-to-date molecular insight into the pathomechanisms of this disease in light of the structural conclusions drawn from the first crystal structure of a disease-causing hE3 variant determined recently in our laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Street, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Szabo E, Mizsei R, Wilk P, Zambo Z, Torocsik B, Weiss MS, Adam-Vizi V, Ambrus A. Crystal structures of the disease-causing D444V mutant and the relevant wild type human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:214-220. [PMID: 29908278 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the crystal structures of the human (dihydro)lipoamide dehydrogenase (hLADH, hE3) and its disease-causing homodimer interface mutant D444V-hE3 at 2.27 and 1.84 Å resolution, respectively. The wild type structure is a unique uncomplexed, unliganded hE3 structure with the true canonical sequence. Based on the structural information a novel molecular pathomechanism is proposed for the impaired catalytic activity and enhanced capacity for reactive oxygen species generation of the pathogenic mutant. The mechanistic model involves a previously much ignored solvent accessible channel leading to the active site that might be perturbed also by other disease-causing homodimer interface substitutions of this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szabo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Reka Mizsei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Piotr Wilk
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsofia Zambo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Torocsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manfred S Weiss
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kharechkina ES, Nikiforova AB, Kruglov AG. Pyridine nucleotides regulate the superoxide anion flash upon permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes: An MCLA-based study. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:473-483. [PMID: 29966697 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes via permeability transition pore opening or by the pore-forming peptide alamethicin causes a flash of superoxide anion (SA) and hydrogen peroxide production and the inhibition of matrix aconitase. It was shown using the SA probe 3,7-dihydro-2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-one (MCLA) that the substrates of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, inhibitors of the respiratory chain, and NAD(P)H at millimolar concentrations suppressed or delayed SA flashes. In the presence of added NADH and NADPH, SA flashes were observed only after considerable oxidation of pyridine nucleotides. The production of SA was maximal at NADPH and NADH redox potentials from -315 to -295 mV and from -325 to -270 mV, respectively, depending on NAD(P)H concentration. SA generation supported by NADPH was severalfold greater than that supported by NADH. In intact mitochondria, NADPH- and NADH-dependent SA generation was negligible. Respiratory substrates at physiological or lower concentrations were incapable of suppressing the NADPH-supported SA flash. These data indicate that, in conditions close to pathophysiological, matrix NADPH oxidoreductase(s), presumably, an adrenodoxin reductase in complex with adrenodoxin, can essentially contribute to SA flashes associated with transient or irreversible permeability transition pore opening or membrane permeabilization by another mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kharechkina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Anna B Nikiforova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey G Kruglov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang L, Wang H, Chen X, Zhuang Y, Yu Z, Zhou T. Acclimation process of cultivating Chlorella vulgaris in toxic excess sludge extract and its response mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:858-869. [PMID: 29455136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated in the gradually increased proportion of toxic sludge extracts for acclimation, which was obtained from SBR treated synthetic wastewater containing mixed chlorophenols (2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol). The growth of C. vulgaris was obviously improved after acclimation with the cell number in the 100% sludge group was 22.75±0.85∗106cellmL-1, which was relatively more than the BG11 control group's (20.80±0.35∗106cellmL-1) and apparently over the 100% sludge group (10.78±0.45∗106cellmL-1). Compared with the sludge control sludge group, C. vulgaris in the acclimation group gained 24.1% and 18.2% more relative removal rate about TOC and ecotoxicity, respectively. Proteomics analysis showed that protein spots were more clear and centralized and the clarifications of the different protein spots narrowed from 8 to 5 after acclimation. Proteins related to oxidoreducase activity and energy metabolism were over expressed and C. vulgaris could select the metabolic pathways, especially enhanced pyruvate fermentation, TCA cycle, and glycolysis after acclimation, by over accumulating the corresponding vital enzymes. Conclusively, acclimation was a good method to improve the removal ability and growth of C. vulgaris and algae could acclimatize itself to grow upon the toxic sludge extracts by metabolic selection. We suppose acclimation process was a potential method for algae wastewater treatment and algae cultivation without or reduce dilution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Xiurong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Youjun Zhuang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zeya Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - TianJun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for High-concentration Refractory Organic Wastewater Treatment Technologies (NELHROWTT), East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ambrus A, Adam-Vizi V. Human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency: Novel insights into the structural basis and molecular pathomechanism. Neurochem Int 2017; 117:5-14. [PMID: 28579060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes our present view on the molecular pathogenesis of human (h) E3-deficiency caused by a variety of genetic alterations with a special emphasis on the moonlighting biochemical phenomena related to the affected (dihydro)lipoamide dehydrogenase (LADH, E3, gene: dld), in particular the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). E3-deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder frequently presenting with a neonatal onset and premature death; the highest carrier rate of a single pathogenic dld mutation (1:94-1:110) was found among Ashkenazi Jews. Patients usually die during acute episodes that generally involve severe metabolic decompensation and lactic acidosis leading to neurological, cardiological, and/or hepatological manifestations. The disease owes its severity to the fact that LADH is the common E3 subunit of the alpha-ketoglutarate (KGDHc), pyruvate (PDHc), and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes and is also part of the glycine cleavage system, hence the malfunctioning of LADH simultaneously incapacitates several central metabolic pathways. Nevertheless, the clinical pictures are usually not unequivocally portrayed through the loss of LADH activities and imply auxiliary mechanisms that exacerbate the symptoms and outcomes of this disorder. Enhanced ROS generation by disease-causing hE3 variants as well as by the E1-E2 subcomplex of the hKGDHc likely contributes to selected pathogeneses of E3-deficiency, which could be targeted by specific drugs or antioxidants; lipoic acid was demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of ROS generation by hE3 in vitro. Flavin supplementation might prove to be beneficial for those mutations triggering FAD loss in the hE3 component. Selected pathogenic hE3 variants lose their affinity for the E2 component of the hPDHc, a mechanism which warrants scrutiny also for other E3-haboring complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aydın B. Effects of argan oil on the mitochondrial function, antioxidant system and the activity of NADPH- generating enzymes in acrylamide treated rat brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:476-481. [PMID: 28068639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Argan oil (AO) is rich in minor compounds such as polyphenols and tocopherols which are powerful antioxidants. Acrylamide (ACR) has been classified as a neurotoxic agent in animals and humans. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction is one of the most probable molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to ACR (50mg/kg i.p. three times a week), AO (6ml/kg,o.p, per day) or together for 30days. The activities of cytosolic enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), mitochondrial oxidative stress, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, mitochondrial metabolic function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were assessed in rat brain. Cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes were significantly diminished in the brains of rats treated with ACR compared to those in control. Besides, ACR treatment resulted in a significant reduction in brain ATP level, mitochondrial metabolic function, OXPHOS and TCA enzymes. Administration of AO restored both the cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress by normalizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generating enzymes. In addition, improved mitochondrial function primarily enhancing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) generated enzymes activities and ATP level in the mitochondria. The reason for AO's obvious beneficial effects in this study may be due to synergistic effects of its different bioactive compounds which is especially effective on mitochondria. Modulation of the brain mitochondrial functions and antioxidant systems by AO may lead to the development of new mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Aydın
- Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Amasya University, 05100, İpekköy, Amasya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sharikadze N, Jojua N, Sepashvili M, Zhuravliova E, Mikeladze DG. Mitochondrial Target of Nobiletin's Action. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin is an O-methylated flavonoid found in citrus peels that have anticancer, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory activities and depending on the cell types exhibits both pro- or anti-apoptotic properties. We have found that nobiletin decreases oxygen consumption by bovine brain isolated mitochondria in the presence of glutamate and malate and increases in the presence of succinate. In parallel, nobiletin increases NADH oxidation, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activities and through matrix substrate-level phosphorylation elevates the a-ketoglutarate-dependent production of ATP. In addition, nobiletin reduces the production of peroxides in the presence of complex I substrates and slightly enhances succinate-driven H2O2 formation. Besides, nobiletin induces transient elevation of membrane potential followed by mild depolarization. Affinity purified nobiletin binding proteins revealed one major anti-NDUFV1 positive protein with 52kD and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity. This fraction can produce peroxide that is inhibited by nobiletin. We propose that nobiletin may act as a mild “uncoupler”, which through activation of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (a-KGDH)-complex and acceleration of matrix substrate-level phosphorylation maintains membrane potential at an abnormal level. This switch in mitochondrial metabolism could elevate succinate-driven oxygen consumption that may underlay in both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of nobiletin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nino Sharikadze
- Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av., Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Natia Jojua
- Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av., Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Maia Sepashvili
- Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av., Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
| | - Elene Zhuravliova
- Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av., Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua st, Tbilisi, 0160, Georgia
| | - David G Mikeladze
- Ilia State University, 3/5 Cholokashvili av., Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia
- I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine, 14 Gotua st, Tbilisi, 0160, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mailloux RJ, Gardiner D, O'Brien M. 2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is a more significant source of O2(·-)/H2O2 than pyruvate dehydrogenase in cardiac and liver tissue. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:501-512. [PMID: 27394173 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (Pdh) and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (Ogdh) are vital for Krebs cycle metabolism and sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). O2(·-)/H2O2 formation by Pdh and Ogdh from porcine heart were compared when operating under forward or reverse electron transfer conditions. Comparisons were also conducted with liver and cardiac mitochondria. During reverse electron transfer (RET) from NADH, purified Ogdh generated ~3-3.5× more O2(·-)/H2O2 in comparison to Pdh when metabolizing 0.5-10µM NADH. Under forward electron transfer (FET) conditions Ogdh generated ~2-4× more O2(·-)/H2O2 than Pdh. In both liver and cardiac mitochondria, Ogdh displayed significantly higher rates of ROS formation when compared to Pdh. Ogdh was also a significant source of ROS in liver mitochondria metabolizing 50µM and 500µM pyruvate or succinate. Finally, we also observed that DTT directly stimulated O2(·-)/H2O2 formation by purified Pdh and Ogdh and in cardiac or liver mitochondria in the absence of substrates and cofactors. Taken together, Ogdh is a more potent source of ROS than Pdh in liver and cardiac tissue. Ogdh is also an important ROS generator regardless of whether pyruvate or succinate serve as the sole source of carbon. Our observations provide insight into the ROS generating capacity of either complex in cardiac and liver tissue. The evidence presented herein also indicates DTT, a reductant that is routinely added to biological samples, should be avoided when assessing mitochondrial O2(·-)/H2O2 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3×9.
| | - Danielle Gardiner
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3×9
| | - Marisa O'Brien
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 230 Elizabeth Ave, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada A1B 3×9
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan Q, Wang W, Yang C, Zhang J, Sun K, Luo HC, Mai LF, Lao Y, Yan L, Ren M. α-ketoglutarate is associated with delayed wound healing in diabetes. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:54-61. [PMID: 26921880 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM A high level of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a predictor of poor wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers. In skin keratinocytes, site-specific DNA demethylation plays an important role in MMP-9 expression. Ten-eleven translocation enzyme 2 (TET2) protein, one member of TET family, could rely on α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as cosubstrate to exhibit catalytic activity of DNA demethylation. Here, we aimed to explore the changes of α-KG and its relationship with MMP-9 and TET2 during diabetic wound healing. METHODS Seventy-one cases of patients with diabetic foot ulcers and 53 cases of nondiabetic ulcers were enrolled. Serum, urine and wound fluids were collected for measurement of α-KG levels and MMP-9 expression. Skin tissues were collected for the measurement of TET2 and MMP-9 expression. Clinical parameters were collected, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) levels of feet were detected. RESULTS The levels of α-KG, TET2 and MMP-9 were significantly increased in diabetic wound compared with nondiabetic wound (P = 0·010, 0·016 and 0·025). There was a significant correlation between a low TcPO2 and a high α-KG level of wound fluids (r = -0·395, P = 0·002). Further analysis showed that α-KG concentration had a positive correlation with both haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) and 2 h postprandial blood glucose (PBG) (r = 0·393, P = 0·005; r = 0·320, P = 0·025, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The levels of α-KG, TET2 and MMP-9 were significantly increased in diabetic wound compared with nondiabetic wound. Elevated α-KG was related to local hypoxia ischaemia status and systematic poor glycaemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jinglu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Heng Cong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li Fang Mai
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Lao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ambrus A, Nemeria NS, Torocsik B, Tretter L, Nilsson M, Jordan F, Adam-Vizi V. Formation of reactive oxygen species by human and bacterial pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes reconstituted from recombinant components. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:642-50. [PMID: 26456061 PMCID: PMC4684775 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Individual recombinant components of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes (PDHc, OGDHc) of human and Escherichia coli (E. coli) origin were expressed and purified from E. coli with optimized protocols. The four multienzyme complexes were each reconstituted under optimal conditions at different stoichiometric ratios. Binding stoichiometries for the highest catalytic efficiency were determined from the rate of NADH generation by the complexes at physiological pH. Since some of these complexes were shown to possess 'moonlighting' activities under pathological conditions often accompanied by acidosis, activities were also determined at pH 6.3. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the E3 component of hOGDHc is a pathologically relevant feature, superoxide generation by the complexes with optimal stoichiometry was measured by the acetylated cytochrome c reduction method in both the forward and the reverse catalytic directions. Various known affectors of physiological activity and ROS production, including Ca(2+), ADP, lipoylation status or pH, were investigated. The human complexes were also reconstituted with the most prevalent human pathological mutant of the E3 component, G194C and characterized; isolated human E3 with the G194C substitution was previously reported to have an enhanced ROS generating capacity. It is demonstrated that: i. PDHc, similarly to OGDHc, is able to generate ROS and this feature is displayed by both the E. coli and human complexes, ii. Reconstituted hPDHc generates ROS at a significantly higher rate as compared to hOGDHc in both the forward and the reverse reactions when ROS generation is calculated for unit mass of their common E3 component, iii. The E1 component or E1-E2 subcomplex generates significant amount of ROS only in hOGDHc; iv. Incorporation of the G194C variant of hE3, the result of a disease-causing mutation, into reconstituted hOGDHc and hPDHc indeed leads to a decreased activity of both complexes and higher ROS generation by only hOGDHc and only in its reverse reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Natalia S Nemeria
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Beata Torocsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tretter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Mattias Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Frank Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers, the State University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Semen K, Yelisyeyeva O, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Kaminskyy D, Solovey L, Skrzydlewska E, Yavorskyi O. Sildenafil reduces signs of oxidative stress in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Evaluation by fatty acid composition, level of hydroxynonenal and heart rate variability. Redox Biol 2015; 7:48-57. [PMID: 26654977 PMCID: PMC4683386 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare multifactorial disease with an unfavorable prognosis. Sildenafil therapy can improve functional capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics in PAH patients. Nowadays, it is increasingly recognized that the effects of sildenafil are pleiotropic and may also involve changes of the pro-/antioxidant balance, lipid peroxidation and autonomic control. In present study we aimed to assess the effects of sildenafil on the fatty acids (FAs) status, level of hydroxynonenal (HNE) and heart rate variability (HRV) in PAH patients. Patients with PAH were characterized by an increase in HNE and changes in the FAs composition with elevation of linoleic, oleic, docosahexanoic acids in phospholipids as well as reduced HRV with sympathetic predominance. Sildenafil therapy improved exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics and reduced NT-proBNP level in PAH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of sildenafil were noted from the significant lowering of HNE level and reduction of the phopholipid derived oleic, linoleic, docosahexanoic, docosapentanoic FAs. That was also associated with some improvement of HRV on account of the activation of the neurohumoral regulatory component. Incomplete recovery of the functional metabolic disorders in PAH patients may be assumed from the persistent increase in free FAs, reduced HRV with the sympathetic predominance in the spectral structure after treatment comparing to control group. The possibilities to improve PAH treatment efficacy through mild stimulation of free radical reactions and formation of hormetic reaction in the context of improved NO signaling are discussed. Sildenafil showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil reduced hydroxynonenal level and improved fatty acid profile in serum. Improvement of heart rate variability and functional capacity was noted after therapy. Mild prooxidant activity is suggested as the mechanism to improve sildenafil efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Semen
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Olha Yelisyeyeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskego 1, 15089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic, and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Lyubomyr Solovey
- Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, Chernigivska 7, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskego 1, 15089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ostap Yavorskyi
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Granger DN, Kvietys PR. Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept. Redox Biol 2015; 6:524-551. [PMID: 26484802 PMCID: PMC4625011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 899] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury, the paradoxical tissue response that is manifested by blood flow-deprived and oxygen-starved organs following the restoration of blood flow and tissue oxygenation, has been a focus of basic and clinical research for over 4-decades. While a variety of molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) continues to receive much attention as a critical factor in the genesis of reperfusion injury. As a consequence, considerable effort has been devoted to identifying the dominant cellular and enzymatic sources of excess ROS production following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Of the potential ROS sources described to date, xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase (Nox), mitochondria, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase have gained a status as the most likely contributors to reperfusion-induced oxidative stress and represent priority targets for therapeutic intervention against reperfusion-induced organ dysfunction and tissue damage. Although all four enzymatic sources are present in most tissues and are likely to play some role in reperfusion injury, priority and emphasis has been given to specific ROS sources that are enriched in certain tissues, such as xanthine oxidase in the gastrointestinal tract and mitochondria in the metabolically active heart and brain. The possibility that multiple ROS sources contribute to reperfusion injury in most tissues is supported by evidence demonstrating that redox-signaling enables ROS produced by one enzymatic source (e.g., Nox) to activate and enhance ROS production by a second source (e.g., mitochondria). This review provides a synopsis of the evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury, the clinical implications of this phenomenon, and summarizes current understanding of the four most frequently invoked enzymatic sources of ROS production in post-ischemic tissue. Reperfusion injury is implicated in a variety of human diseases and disorders. Evidence implicating ROS in reperfusion injury continues to grow. Several enzymes are candidate sources of ROS in post-ischemic tissue. Inter-enzymatic ROS-dependent signaling enhances the oxidative stress caused by I/R. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, United States.
| | - Peter R Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation to hypoxia is critical for survival in metazoan species for which reason they have developed cellular mechanisms for mitigating its adverse consequences. Here, we have identified L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) as a universal adaptive determinant of the hypoxia response. L2HG is a metabolite of unknown function produced by the reduction of mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate by malate dehydrogenase. L2HG accumulates in response to increases in 2-oxoglutarate, which occur as a result of tricarboxylic acid cycle dysfunction and increased mitochondrial reducing potential. These changes are closely coupled to cellular redox homeostasis, as increased cellular L2HG inhibits electron transport and glycolysis to offset the adverse consequences of mitochondrial reductive stress induced by hypoxia. Thus, L2HG couples mitochondrial and cytoplasmic energy metabolism in a model of cellular redox regulation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Pristanic acid provokes lipid, protein, and DNA oxidative damage and reduces the antioxidant defenses in cerebellum of young rats. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 13:751-9. [PMID: 25172216 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0593-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zellweger syndrome (ZS) and some peroxisomal diseases are severe inherited disorders mainly characterized by neurological symptoms and cerebellum abnormalities, whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. Biochemically, these diseases are mainly characterized by accumulation of pristanic acid (Prist) and other fatty acids in the brain and other tissues. In this work, we evaluated the in vitro influence of Prist on redox homeostasis by measuring lipid, protein, and DNA damage, as well as the antioxidant defenses and the activities of aconitase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in cerebellum of 30-day-old rats. The effect of Prist on DNA damage was also evaluated in blood of these animals. Some parameters were also evaluated in cerebellum from neonatal rats and in cerebellum neuronal cultures. Prist significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and carbonyl formation and reduced sulfhydryl content and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in cerebellum of young rats. It also caused DNA strand damage in cerebellum and induced a high micronuclei frequency in blood. On the other hand, this fatty acid significantly reduced α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and aconitase activities in rat cerebellum. We also verified that Prist-induced increase of MDA levels was totally prevented by melatonin and attenuated by α-tocopherol but not by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indicating the involvement of reactive oxygen species in this effect. Cerebellum from neonate rats also showed marked alterations of redox homeostasis, including an increase of MDA levels and a decrease of sulfhydryl content and GSH concentrations elicited by Prist. Finally, Prist provoked an increase of dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) oxidation in cerebellum-cultivated neurons. Our present data indicate that Prist compromises redox homeostasis in rat cerebellum and blood and inhibits critical enzymes of the citric acid cycle that are susceptible to free radical attack. The present findings may contribute to clarify the pathogenesis of the cerebellar alterations observed in patients affected by ZS and some peroxisomal disorders in which Prist is accumulated.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Environmental (acute and chronic temperature, osmotic, hypoxic and pH) stress challenges the cellular redox balance and can lead to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review provides an overview of the reactions producing and scavenging ROS in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and peroxisome. It then compares these reactions with the findings of a number of studies investigating the proteomic responses of marine organisms to environmentally induced oxidative stress. These responses indicate that the thioredoxin–peroxiredoxin system is possibly more frequently recruited to scavenge H2O2 than the glutathione system. Isoforms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) are not ubiquitously induced in parallel, suggesting that SOD scavenging activity is sometimes sufficient. The glutathione system plays an important role in some organisms and probably also contributes to protecting protein thiols during environmental stress. Synthesis pathways of cysteine and selenocysteine, building blocks for glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, also play an important role in scavenging ROS during stress. The increased abundance of glutaredoxin and DyP-type peroxidase suggests a need for regulating the deglutathionylation of proteins and scavenging of peroxynitrite. Reducing equivalents for these scavenging reactions are generated by proteins of the pentose phosphate pathway and by NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, proteins representing reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport system generating NADH and ROS, including those of complex I, II and III, are frequently reduced in abundance with stress. Protein maturation in the ER likely represents another source of ROS during environmental stress, as indicated by simultaneous changes in ER chaperones and antioxidant proteins. Although there are still too few proteomic analyses of non-model organisms exposed to environmental stress for a general pattern to emerge, hyposaline and low pH stress show different responses from temperature and hypoxic stress. Furthermore, comparisons of closely related congeners differing in stress tolerance start to provide insights into biochemical processes contributing to adaptive differences, but more of these comparisons are needed to draw general conclusions. To fully take advantage of a systems approach, studies with longer time courses, including several tissues and more species comparisons are needed.
Collapse
|
38
|
Ambrus A, Mizsei R, Adam-Vizi V. Structural alterations by five disease-causing mutations in the low-pH conformation of human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (hLADH) analyzed by molecular dynamics - Implications in functional loss and modulation of reactive oxygen species generation by pathogenic hLADH forms. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:50-56. [PMID: 29594200 PMCID: PMC5871931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (hLADH) is a flavoenzyme component (E3) of the human alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDHc) and few other dehydrogenase complexes. Pathogenic mutations of hLADH cause severe metabolic diseases (atypical forms of E3 deficiency) that often escalate to cardiological or neurological presentations and even premature death; the pathologies are generally accompanied by lactic acidosis. hLADH presents a distinct conformation under acidosis (pH 5.5–6.8) with lower physiological activity and the capacity of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been shown by our laboratory that selected pathogenic mutations, besides lowering the physiological activity of hLADH, significantly stimulate ROS generation by hLADH, especially at lower pH, which might play a role in the pathogenesis of E3-deficiency in respective cases. Previously, we generated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation the low-pH hLADH structure and analyzed the structural changes induced in this structure by eight of the pathogenic mutations of hLADH. In the absence of high resolution mutant structures these pieces of information are crucial for the mechanistic investigation of the molecular pathogeneses of the hLADH protein. In the present work we analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation the structural changes induced in the low-pH conformation of hLADH by five pathogenic mutations of hLADH; the structures of these disease-causing mutants of hLADH have never been examined before. 5 disease-causing mutants of hLADH were subjected to MD to reveal structural changes. MD simulations were carried out both in vacuum and in water supplemented with ions. Functional regions significantly affected by mutation were identified. Implicated residues are to be targeted in mechanistic studies of hLADH dysfunction.
Collapse
Key Words
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- LADH, (dihydro)lipoamide dehydrogenase
- Lipoamide dehydrogenase
- MD, molecular dynamics
- Molecular dynamics
- Mutation
- NAD+/NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized/reduced)
- PDHc, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
- RMSD, root mean square deviation
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- S.E.M., standard error of the mean
- WT, wild-type
- α-KGDHc, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ambrus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Street, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Reka Mizsei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Street, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Street, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liao Y, Tian M, Zhang H, Li X, Wang Y, Xia X, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Yu J, Shi K, Klessig DF. Salicylic acid binding of mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase E2 affects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport chain components and plays a role in basal defense against tobacco mosaic virus in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1296-1307. [PMID: 25365924 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a critical role in plant defense against pathogen invasion. SA-induced viral defense in plants is distinct from the pathways mediating bacterial and fungal defense and involves a specific pathway mediated by mitochondria; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The SA-binding activity of the recombinant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (Slα-kGDH) E2 subunit of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was characterized. The biological role of this binding in plant defenses against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was further investigated via Slα-kGDH E2 silencing and transient overexpression in plants. Slα-kGDH E2 was found to bind SA in two independent assays. SA treatment, as well as Slα-kGDH E2 silencing, increased resistance to TMV. SA did not further enhance TMV defense in Slα-kGDH E2-silenced tomato plants but did reduce TMV susceptibility in Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently overexpressing Slα-kGDH E2. Furthermore, Slα-kGDH E2-silencing-induced TMV resistance was fully blocked by bongkrekic acid application and alternative oxidase 1a silencing. These results indicated that binding by Slα-kGDH E2 of SA acts upstream of and affects the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which plays an important role in basal defense against TMV. The findings of this study help to elucidate the mechanisms of SA-induced viral defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangwenke Liao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Miaoying Tian
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Daniel F Klessig
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tretter L, Horvath G, Hölgyesi A, Essek F, Adam-Vizi V. Enhanced hydrogen peroxide generation accompanies the beneficial bioenergetic effects of methylene blue in isolated brain mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 77:317-30. [PMID: 25277417 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The redox dye methylene blue (MB) is proven to have beneficial effects in various models of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we investigated the effects of MB (100 nM, 300 nM, and 1 μM) on key bioenergetic parameters and on H2O2 production/elimination in isolated guinea pig brain mitochondria under normal as well as respiration-impaired conditions. As measured by high-resolution Oxygraph the rate of resting oxygen consumption was increased, but the ADP-stimulated respiration was unaffected by MB with any of the substrates (glutamate malate, succinate, or α-glycerophosphate) used for supporting mitochondrial respiration. In mitochondria treated with inhibitors of complex I or complex III MB moderately but significantly increased the rate of ATP production, restored ΔΨm, and increased the rate of Ca(2+) uptake. The effects of MB are consistent with transferring electrons from upstream components of the electron transport chain to cytochrome c, which is energetically favorable when the flow of electrons in the respiratory chain is compromised. On the other hand, MB significantly increased the production of H2O2 measured by Amplex UltraRed fluorimetry under all conditions, in resting, ATP-synthesizing, and respiration-impaired mitochondria, with each substrate combination supporting respiration. Furthermore, it also decreased the elimination of H2O2. Generation of H2O2 without superoxide formation, observed in the presence of MB, is interpreted as a result of reduction of molecular oxygen to H2O2 by the reduced MB. The elevated generation and impaired elimination of H2O2 should be considered for the overall oxidative state of mitochondria treated with MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Tretter
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - G Horvath
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - A Hölgyesi
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - F Essek
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - V Adam-Vizi
- MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1094, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Demarest TG, McCarthy MM. Sex differences in mitochondrial (dys)function: Implications for neuroprotection. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 47:173-88. [PMID: 25293493 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have revealed numerous differences in brain structure size, connectivity and metabolism between males and females. Sex differences in neurobehavioral and cognitive function after various forms of central nervous system (CNS) injury are observed in clinical practice and animal research studies. Sources of sex differences include early life exposure to gonadal hormones, chromosome compliment and adult hormonal modulation. It is becoming increasingly apparent that mitochondrial metabolism and cell death signaling are also sexually dimorphic. Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction is a common feature of CNS injury. Evidence suggests males predominantly utilize proteins while females predominantly use lipids as a fuel source within mitochondria and that these differences may significantly affect cellular survival following injury. These fundamental biochemical differences have a profound impact on energy production and many cellular processes in health and disease. This review will focus on the accumulated evidence revealing sex differences in mitochondrial function and cellular signaling pathways in the context of CNS injury mechanisms and the potential implications for neuroprotective therapy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G Demarest
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nemeria NS, Ambrus A, Patel H, Gerfen G, Adam-Vizi V, Tretter L, Zhou J, Wang J, Jordan F. Human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex E1 component forms a thiamin-derived radical by aerobic oxidation of the enamine intermediate. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29859-73. [PMID: 25210035 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein are reported unique properties of the human 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (OGDHc), a rate-limiting enzyme in the Krebs (citric acid) cycle. (a) Functionally competent 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1o-h) and dihydrolipoyl succinyltransferase components have been expressed according to kinetic and spectroscopic evidence. (b) A stable free radical, consistent with the C2-(C2α-hydroxy)-γ-carboxypropylidene thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) cation radical was detected by electron spin resonance upon reaction of the E1o-h with 2-oxoglutarate (OG) by itself or when assembled from individual components into OGDHc. (c) An unusual stability of the E1o-h-bound C2-(2α-hydroxy)-γ-carboxypropylidene thiamin diphosphate (the "ThDP-enamine"/C2α-carbanion, the first postdecarboxylation intermediate) was observed, probably stabilized by the 5-carboxyl group of OG, not reported before. (d) The reaction of OG with the E1o-h gave rise to superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (reactive oxygen species (ROS)). (e) The relatively stable enzyme-bound enamine is the likely substrate for oxidation by O2, leading to the superoxide anion radical (in d) and the radical (in b). (f) The specific activity assessed for ROS formation compared with the NADH (overall complex) activity, as well as the fraction of radical intermediate occupying active centers of E1o-h are consistent with each other and indicate that radical/ROS formation is an "off-pathway" side reaction comprising less than 1% of the "on-pathway" reactivity. However, the nearly ubiquitous presence of OGDHc in human tissues, including the brain, makes these findings of considerable importance in human metabolism and perhaps disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Nemeria
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Attila Ambrus
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary, and
| | - Hetalben Patel
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Gary Gerfen
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary, and
| | - Laszlo Tretter
- the Department of Medical Biochemistry, MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary, and
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Junjie Wang
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Frank Jordan
- From the Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zorov DB, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:909-50. [PMID: 24987008 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3153] [Impact Index Per Article: 315.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Byproducts of normal mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis include the buildup of potentially damaging levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca(2+), etc., which must be normalized. Evidence suggests that brief mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) openings play an important physiological role maintaining healthy mitochondria homeostasis. Adaptive and maladaptive responses to redox stress may involve mitochondrial channels such as mPTP and inner membrane anion channel (IMAC). Their activation causes intra- and intermitochondrial redox-environment changes leading to ROS release. This regenerative cycle of mitochondrial ROS formation and release was named ROS-induced ROS release (RIRR). Brief, reversible mPTP opening-associated ROS release apparently constitutes an adaptive housekeeping function by the timely release from mitochondria of accumulated potentially toxic levels of ROS (and Ca(2+)). At higher ROS levels, longer mPTP openings may release a ROS burst leading to destruction of mitochondria, and if propagated from mitochondrion to mitochondrion, of the cell itself. The destructive function of RIRR may serve a physiological role by removal of unwanted cells or damaged mitochondria, or cause the pathological elimination of vital and essential mitochondria and cells. The adaptive release of sufficient ROS into the vicinity of mitochondria may also activate local pools of redox-sensitive enzymes involved in protective signaling pathways that limit ischemic damage to mitochondria and cells in that area. Maladaptive mPTP- or IMAC-related RIRR may also be playing a role in aging. Because the mechanism of mitochondrial RIRR highlights the central role of mitochondria-formed ROS, we discuss all of the known ROS-producing sites (shown in vitro) and their relevance to the mitochondrial ROS production in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Zorov
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Magdalena Juhaszova
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven J Sollott
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
A strategically designed small molecule attacks alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in tumor cells through a redox process. Cancer Metab 2014; 2:4. [PMID: 24612826 PMCID: PMC4108059 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3002-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting cancer cell metabolism is recognized as a promising arena for development of cancer chemotherapeutics. Moreover, redox metabolism is also systematically altered in tumor cells. Indeed, there is growing reason to believe that tumor-specific alteration of redox control of metabolism will be central to understanding and attacking malignancy. We report here that lipoate analog CPI-613 attacks a gate-keeping, lipoate-using metabolic enzyme, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), by a redox mechanism selectively in tumors cells. Results CPI-613 inhibited KGDH function strongly and rapidly, selectively in tumor cells. Moreover, CPI-613 induced a correspondingly rapid, powerful redox signal in tumor cell mitochondria. This signal was associated with redox modification of KGDH (including extensive enzyme glutathionylation and redox blockage of enzyme lipoate sulfhydryls), correlating with KGDH inactivation. The source of this tumor-specific mitochondrial redox modulatory signal was not electron transport complexes (I or III), but was largely or entirely the E3 (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) component of dehydrogenases, including KGDH. Finally, we demonstrated that KGDH activity was redox regulated (in tumor cells), as expected if a tumor-specific redox process (auto)regulates KGDH. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that lipoate analog CPI-613 attacks redox control of KGDH activity in tumor cells, perhaps by modulation of an existing lipoate-sensitive allosteric process normally governing tumor cell KGDH activity. Together with its previously reported, mechanistically distinct (non-redox) effects on the other major, lipoate-using mitochondrial metabolic enzyme, pyruvate dehydrogenase, CPI-613’s KGDH effects indicate that this agent simultaneously attacks multiple central, essential components of tumor cell metabolic regulation.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zastre JA, Sweet RL, Hanberry BS, Ye S. Linking vitamin B1 with cancer cell metabolism. Cancer Metab 2013; 1:16. [PMID: 24280319 PMCID: PMC4178204 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3002-1-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The resurgence of interest in cancer metabolism has linked alterations in the regulation and exploitation of metabolic pathways with an anabolic phenotype that increases biomass production for the replication of new daughter cells. To support the increase in the metabolic rate of cancer cells, a coordinated increase in the supply of nutrients, such as glucose and micronutrients functioning as enzyme cofactors is required. The majority of co-enzymes are water-soluble vitamins such as niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, riboflavin and thiamine (Vitamin B1). Continuous dietary intake of these micronutrients is essential for maintaining normal health. How cancer cells adaptively regulate cellular homeostasis of cofactors and how they can regulate expression and function of metabolic enzymes in cancer is underappreciated. Exploitation of cofactor-dependent metabolic pathways with the advent of anti-folates highlights the potential vulnerabilities and importance of vitamins in cancer biology. Vitamin supplementation products are easily accessible and patients often perceive them as safe and beneficial without full knowledge of their effects. Thus, understanding the significance of enzyme cofactors in cancer cell metabolism will provide for important dietary strategies and new molecular targets to reduce disease progression. Recent studies have demonstrated the significance of thiamine-dependent enzymes in cancer cell metabolism. Therefore, this review discusses the current knowledge in the alterations in thiamine availability, homeostasis, and exploitation of thiamine-dependent pathways by cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Zastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, R,C, Wilson Pharmacy Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|