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Zhou X, Yang Q, Bi L, Wang S. Integrating traditional apprenticeship and modern educational approaches in traditional Chinese medicine education. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:792-807. [PMID: 38052086 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2284661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional apprenticeship system and modern educational models both contribute to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) education in unique ways. This study aims to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches and investigates their potential integration for optimal TCM teaching. METHODS The study employs a comprehensive literature search strategy with specific keywords through Boolean Operators, focusing on articles discussing TCM education, sourced from the databases PubMed, Scopus, and CNKI. For comparative analysis, the study analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of three distinct approaches-traditional, modern, and hybrid-in TCM education. Finally, we use a spider plot methodology to visually evaluate across 11 critical educational aspects for these approaches. RESULTS A comprehensive review of 70 articles on TCM education highlights the value of both conventional and modern approaches. Conventional methods often emphasize teacher-centered clinical training that aligns well with the apprenticeship model, serving to bridge formal academic learning with hands-on experience. Modern methods incorporate elements like technology and formal accreditation but caution that the absence of traditional apprenticeship could dilute core TCM principles. One recurring theme across multiple studies is the enduring importance of apprenticeship-a pedagogical cornerstone rooted in TCM's historical and cultural context-as well as its tension with modern methodologies that incorporate online resources and scientific frameworks. An integrated approach attempts to harmonize these strengths but reveals a gap in interactivity, suggesting that incorporating apprenticeship could offer a practical, hands-on method to improve student engagement. CONCLUSIONS Conventional methods in TCM education emphasize teacher-centered clinical training akin to apprenticeship, modern methods incorporate technological advances and formal accreditation; however, the absence of traditional apprenticeship could compromise core TCM principles, and an integrated model, though striving to harmonize these elements, still falls short in the area of student interactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linlin Bi
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Huang L, Liu Q, Zhang W, Lin B, Gao Y, Deng H, Zhang S. Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Danggui-Jianzhong Decoction by Fingerprint Analysis, Multi-Component Quantitation and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae034. [PMID: 38819084 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Danggui-Jianzhong decoction (DGJZ) is a famous classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, which ingredients are complex and the quality is difficult to control. Our study aimed to identify the overall chemical profile of DGJZ qualitatively by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and UPLC. A total of 77 components, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, gingerols and other components, were firstly detected and characterized by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and 18 peaks marked after analyzing the UPLC fingerprint. Finally, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, glycyrrhizic acid and 6-gingerol were quantified, which was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, repeatability and recovery. Taken together, the chemical constitutes of DGJZ were systematically identified and a reliable quantitative method coupled with fingerprint analysis was successfully employed for evaluating the holistic quality, which will provide a robust foundation for the quality control of DGJZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyi Huang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Outer Ring East Road, University City, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Sinopharm Group Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, No. 2, Keyuan Hengsan Road, High tech Park, Ronggui Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528303, China
| | - Wenfang Zhang
- Sinopharm Group Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, No. 2, Keyuan Hengsan Road, High tech Park, Ronggui Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528303, China
| | - Bishan Lin
- Sinopharm Group Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, No. 2, Keyuan Hengsan Road, High tech Park, Ronggui Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528303, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Sinopharm Group Medi-World Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, No. 2, Keyuan Hengsan Road, High tech Park, Ronggui Street, Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong Province, 528303, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Outer Ring East Road, University City, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Outer Ring East Road, University City, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510006, China
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Loo YC, Tsai YH, Chen H, Hsieh HP, Chen YC, Chen HE, Lin ZH, Huang HT, Liu IM, Liaw CC, Chang FR. Quality and production enhancement of fish mint, Houttuynia cordata Thunb., cultivated in a hydroponic planting system with designed plant growth-promoting additives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28755. [PMID: 38586372 PMCID: PMC10998095 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish mint, Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HCT) is an edible vegetable that has also been used in traditional folk medicines. As both a medicinal herb and a dietary source, HCT has been clinically proven to be a pivotal ingredient in formulas administered to alleviate COVID-19 symptoms. With the increasing market demand for imported materials, ensuring the quality consistency of HCT becomes a significant concern. In this study, the growing time for hydroponically-cultivated HCT with seaweed extract and amino acids added (HCTW) reduced by half compared to conventional soil-cultivated HCT (HCTS). Key quantified components in HCTW, flavonoid glycosides and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, exhibited a 143% increase over HCTS. These crucial constituents were responsible for possessing antioxidant activity (IC50 < 25 μg/mL) and anti-nitrite oxide production (IC50 < 20 μg/mL). An economically-designed hydroponic system with appropriate additives is proposed to replace HCTS with improvements of growth time, overall production yields, and bioactive qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chi Loo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, 907101, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Science Education and Environment Education, College of Science, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Research and Development, We-Win Bio-Medical Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Hsieh
- Department of Research and Development, We-Win Bio-Medical Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Chen
- Department of Research and Development, We-Win Bio-Medical Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Er Chen
- Department of Research and Development, We-Win Bio-Medical Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan
| | - I-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, 907101, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 112026, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 600355, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807377, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804201, Taiwan
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Stanworth JO, Hsu RS, Stanworth PA, Kemp JM, Tzen R, Wu HH. When Culture Matters: Using Compliments and Complaints to Define and Influence Chinese Patients' Satisfaction. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:136-147. [PMID: 36572566 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2160098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite patients' cultural background influencing their satisfaction with medical care the majority of studies draw on assumptions and models from the Western world. We move attention to the East Asian world by investigating the attributes of Chinese patients' satisfaction with their hospital in-patient care. Our research design is an exploratory qualitative study of 577 incidents of Chinese hospital in-patients' complaints and compliments. The data were drawn from a sample of reports of patients' satisfaction with their care in a district general hospital over a five-year period. Analysis focused on satisfactory and dissatisfactory events to derive attributes involved. We find patients in Chinese culture evaluate satisfaction with their care using eight attributes: professionalism, efficiency, chīn-chièh, respect, patience, responsibility, value and ethics. We explore how Chinese patients' values and beliefs toward medicine and care-giving construct distinct meanings around these attributes. By synthesizing our findings with those in the literature we propose generic attributes which can form the basis of measures of Chinese patient satisfaction and inform training in cultural competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O Stanworth
- Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education
| | - Ryan Shuwei Hsu
- Department of Business Administration, National Chengchi University
| | - Peter A Stanworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
| | | | | | - Hsin-Hung Wu
- Department of Business Administration, National Changhua University of Education
- Department of M-Commerce and Multimedia Applications, Asia University
- Faculty of Education, State University of Malang
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Wang D, Zheng J, Sarsaiya S, Jin L, Chen J. Unveiling terahertz wave stress effects and mechanisms in Pinellia ternata: Challenges, insights, and future directions. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14195. [PMID: 38332400 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to elucidate the intricate effects and mechanisms of terahertz (THz) wave stress on Pinellia ternata, providing valuable insights into plant responses. The primary objective is to highlight the imperative for future research dedicated to comprehending THz wave impacts across plant structures, with a specific focus on the molecular intricacies governing root system structure and function, from shoots to roots. Notably, this review highlights the accelerated plant growth induced by THz waves, especially in conjunction with other environmental stressors, and the subsequent alterations in cellular homeostasis, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in brassinosteroids. Brassinosteroids are explored for their dual role as toxic by-products of stress metabolism and vital signal transduction molecules in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The paper further investigates the spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of phytohormones, including growth hormone, cytokinin, and abscisic acid (ABA), which significantly influence the growth and development of P. ternata under THz wave stress. With a comprehensive review of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Brassinosteroid Insensitive (BRI) homeostasis and signalling under THz wave stress, the article elucidates the current understanding of BRI involvement in stress perception, stress signalling, and domestication response regulation. Additionally, it underscores the importance of spatio-temporal regulation and long-distance transport of key plant hormones, such as growth hormone, cytokinin, and ABA, in determining root growth and development under THz wave stress. The study of how plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses holds fundamental biological significance, and enhancing plant stress tolerance is crucial for promoting sustainable agricultural practices and mitigating the environmental burdens associated with low-tolerance crop cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiatong Zheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Leilei Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jishuang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy Utilization, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Xiao W, Xu Y, Baak JP, Dai J, Jing L, Zhu H, Gan Y, Zheng S. Network module analysis and molecular docking-based study on the mechanism of astragali radix against non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:345. [PMID: 37770919 PMCID: PMC10537544 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most lung cancer patients worldwide (stage IV non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) have a poor survival: 25%-30% patients die < 3 months. Yet, of those surviving > 3 months, 10%-15% patients survive (very) long. Astragali radix (AR) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine widely used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of AR on NSCLC remain to be elucidated. METHODS Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography system coupled with Q-Orbitrap HRMS (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was performed for the qualitative analysis of AR components. Then, network module analysis and molecular docking-based approach was conducted to explore underlying mechanisms of AR on NSCLC. The target genes of AR were obtained from four databases including TCMSP (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology) database, ETCM (The Encyclopedia of TCM) database, HERB (A high-throughput experiment- and reference-guided database of TCM) database and BATMAN-TCM (a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of TCM) database. NSCLC related genes were screened by GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database. The STRING database was used for protein interaction network construction (PIN) of AR-NSCLC shared target genes. The critical PIN were further constructed based on the topological properties of network nodes. Afterwards the hub genes and network modules were analyzed, and enrichment analysis were employed by the R package clusterProfiler. The Autodock Vina was utilized for molecular docking, and the Gromacs was utilized for molecular dynamics simulations Furthermore, the survival analysis was performed based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. RESULTS Seventy-seven AR components absorbed in blood were obtained. The critical network was constructed with 1447 nodes and 28,890 edges. Based on topological analysis, 6 hub target genes and 7 functional modules were gained. were obtained including TP53, SRC, UBC, CTNNB1, EP300, and RELA. After module analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that AR may exert therapeutic effects on NSCLC by regulating JAK-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, as well as NFkB signaling pathway. After the intersection calculation of the hub targets and the proteins participated in the above pathways, TP53, SRC, EP300, and RELA were obtained. These proteins had good docking affinity with astragaloside IV. Furthermore, RELA was associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study could provide chemical component information references for further researches. The potential pharmacological mechanisms of AR on NSCLC were elucidated, promoting the clinical application of AR in treating NSCLC. RELA was selected as a promising candidate biomarker affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Xiao
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yaxin Xu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jan P Baak
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, 4068, Norway
- Dr. Med Jan Baak AS, Tananger, 4056, Norway
| | - Jinrong Dai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lijia Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanxiong Gan
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shichao Zheng
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Shi H, Zhang L, Yu TK, Zhuang L, Ke H, Johnson B, Rath E, Lee K, Klebe S, Kao S, Qin KL, Pham HNT, Vuong Q, Cheng YY. Leptospermum extract (QV0) suppresses pleural mesothelioma tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by mitochondrial dysfunction associated apoptosis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1162027. [PMID: 37476375 PMCID: PMC10354640 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1162027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a highly aggressive, fast-growing asbestos-induced cancer with limited effective treatments. There has been interest in using naturally occurring anticancer agents derived from plant materials for the treatment of PM. However, it is unclear if an aqueous extract from Leptospermum polygalifolium (QV0) has activity against PM. Here we investigated the anti-cancer properties of QV0 and Defender® (QV0 dietary formula) in vitro and in vivo, respectively. QV0 suppressed the growth of eight PM cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, effective at concentrations as low as 0.02% w/v (equivalent to 0.2 mg/ml). This response was found to be associated with inhibited cell migration, proliferation, and colony formation but without evident cell cycle alteration. We observed mitochondrial dysfunction post-QV0 treatment, as evidenced by significantly decreased basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates. Ten SCID mice were treated with 0.25 mg/g Defender® daily and exhibited reduced tumor size over 30 days, which was associated with an average extension of seven days of mouse life. There was no evidence of liver toxicity or increased blood glucose post-treatment in animals treated with Defender®. Significantly enhanced tumor apoptosis was observed in the Defender®-treated animals, correlating to mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, the high levels of polyphenols and antioxidant properties of QV0 and Defender® were detected in HPLC analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first demonstration of an improved host survival (without adverse effects) response in a QV0-treated PM mouse model, associated with evident inhibition of PM cell growth and mitochondrial dysfunction-related enhancement of tumor apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaikai Shi
- Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, The University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ta-Kun Yu
- Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Zhuang
- Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Ke
- Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Johnson
- Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Rath
- Giannoulatou Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonja Klebe
- Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Pathology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Steven Kao
- Asbestos and Dust Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karl Lijun Qin
- Quality Global Supply Pty. Ltd., Tuggerah, NSW, Australia
| | - Hong Ngoc Thuy Pham
- College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Quan Vuong
- College of Engineering, Science and the Environment, University of Newcastle, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, The University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Eigenschink M, Bellach L, Leonard S, Dablander TE, Maier J, Dablander F, Sitte HH. Cross-sectional survey and Bayesian network model analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in Austria: investigating public awareness, usage determinants and perception of scientific support. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e060644. [PMID: 36863740 PMCID: PMC9990654 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the paucity of evidence verifying its efficacy and safety, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is expanding in popularity and political support. Decisions to include TCM diagnoses in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision and campaigns to integrate TCM into national healthcare systems have occurred while public perception and usage of TCM, especially in Europe, remains undetermined. Accordingly, this study investigates TCM's popularity, usage and perceived scientific support, as well as its relationship to homeopathy and vaccinations. DESIGN/SETTING We performed a cross-sectional survey of the Austrian population. Participants were either recruited on the street (in-person) or online (web-link) via a popular Austrian newspaper. PARTICIPANTS 1382 individuals completed our survey. The sample was poststratified according to data derived from Austria's Federal Statistical Office. OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between sociodemographic factors, opinion towards TCM and usage of complementary medicine (CAM) were investigated using a Bayesian graphical model. RESULTS Within our poststratified sample, TCM was broadly known (89.9% of women, 90.6% of men), with 58.9% of women and 39.5% of men using TCM between 2016 and 2019. Moreover, 66.4% of women and 49.7% of men agreed with TCM being supported by science. We found a positive relationship between perceived scientific support for TCM and trust in TCM-certified medical doctors (ρ=0.59, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.73). Moreover, perceived scientific support for TCM was negatively correlated with proclivity to get vaccinated (ρ=-0.26, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.08). Additionally, our network model yielded associations between TCM-related, homeopathy-related and vaccination-related variables. CONCLUSIONS TCM is widely known within the Austrian general population and used by a substantial proportion. However, a disparity exists between the commonly held public perception that TCM is scientific and findings from evidence-based studies. Emphasis should be placed on supporting the distribution of unbiased, science-driven information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eigenschink
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Luise Bellach
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Sebastian Leonard
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tom Eric Dablander
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Fabian Dablander
- Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
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Senghor AS, Mbaye MS, Diop R, Tosam MJ, Kabou P, Niang A, Okoye G. Towards a transactional medicine approach to combating global emerging pathogens: the case of COVID-19. Glob Public Health 2023; 18:2272710. [PMID: 37917803 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2023.2272710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
When the COVID-19 pandemic struck and China reported the first case to the World Health Organization in December 2019, there was no evidence-based treatment to combat it. With the catastrophic situation that followed, materialised by a considerable number of deaths, researchers, doctors, traditional healers, and governments of all nations committed themselves to find therapeutic solutions, including preventive and curative. There are effective treatments offered both by modern medicine and traditional medicine for COVID-19 today. However, other therapeutic proposals have not been approved due to the lack of effectiveness and scientific rigour during their development process. Proponents of modern medicine prefer biomedical therapies while in some countries, traditional treatments are used regularly because of their availability, affordability and satisfaction they bring to the population. In this paper, we propose a transactional medicine approach where the interaction between traditional and modern medicine produces a change. With this approach, the promoters of traditional medicine and those of modern medicine will be able to acquire knowledge through the experience produced by their encounters. Transactional medicine aims to be a model for decolonising medicine and recognising the value of both traditional and modern medicine in the fight against COVID-19 and other global emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Simon Senghor
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research (P-SHOR), University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mame Salah Mbaye
- Department sociétés, territoires et développement, chaire de recherche du Canada en Innovation sociale et développement du territoire, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Rougui Diop
- Department of Sociology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mbih Jerome Tosam
- Department of Philosophy, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Patrick Kabou
- Department of Law, University of Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdoulaye Niang
- Department of Sociology, Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Godwin Okoye
- Department of Practice, Sciences, and Health Outcomes Research (P-SHOR), University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Li H, Liu J, Hu X, Wei S, Jun W. Practices, Knowledge, and Attitudes of Chinese University Students Toward Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine for the Control of COVID-19. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:6951-6962. [PMID: 36474905 PMCID: PMC9719682 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s387292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been officially recommended and strongly promoted in China as an important complement to conventional prevention and treatment for COVID-19. Capturing the practices, knowledge and attitudes of young adult population toward using Chinese herbs for COVID-19 is important for understanding the future of Chinese herbal medicine over the coming decades. METHODS This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted from May to June, 2022, among 313 student volunteers in Wuhan University of Science and Technology, a provincial comprehensive university in China. RESULTS Results showed that only 18% of students had used Chinese herbs to prevent COVID-19. The main information sources were social media, the students' family members, relatives, friends, etc. as well as the healthcare professionals. However, most students only sometimes paid close attention to related reports and news articles in social media. Clear pharmacological and toxicological properties of herbs were considered by 43% students as the most important factor to promote their own application of Chinese herbs to fight COVID-19. The mean knowledge score was 1.64 out of 5. Students' overall attitudes toward application of Chinese herbal medicine to fight COVID-19 were very positive. CONCLUSION These data suggests most university young adults had a positive attitude but lack of practices and knowledge towards traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Jun
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Yang C, Yin S, Cui D, Mao Z, Sun Y, Jia C, An S, Wu Y, Li X, Du Y, Zhao Q, Wang R, Liu Y, Ren J, He X. Quantitative evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine development policy: A PMC index model approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1041528. [PMID: 36466538 PMCID: PMC9715970 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1041528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicine development policies (TCMDPs) are essential in improving the sustainable development of TCM undertakings, of which transmissions of policy information are closely related to the actual policy effectiveness. However, the inherent components of TCMDPs had not been explored from the structural dimension of policy design. Methods Based on the policy modeling consistency (PMC) index model, we constructed a comprehensive evaluation system, including ten first-level and 40 second-level indicators, and focused on the TCMDPs released by the Chinese central government in the past 42 years (1980-2022) to conduct multi-dimensional inspections to TCMDPs by analyzing the overall policy quality, individual scoring performance, and indicators distribution characteristics. Results This study pointed out that four policies were rated as "perfect," 35 were rated as "superb," 50 were rated as "excellent," 28 were rated as "good," and four were rated as "acceptable," with total mean values of the PMC index being 7.530 ± 0.835. Although most TCMDPs had appropriate policy structure and consistency, the potential weaknesses in the design of TCMDPs also needed our attention through careful checks on the outlier policy samples. Besides, the existing TCMDPs had room for improvement regarding policy areas, guarantees and incentives, objects included, and issuing agencies. Conclusions We emphasized that the policy evaluation method used in this current study, the PMC index model, is scarce in the TCMDPs. These findings are helpful for fully understanding the strengths and weaknesses of TCMDPs and provide theoretical references for further studies optimizing TCMDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciran Yang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shicheng Yin
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Dan Cui
| | - Zongfu Mao
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changli Jia
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhan An
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Wu
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixin Du
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuling Zhao
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxu Liu
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junming Ren
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Zhang T, Huang S, Qiu J, Wu X, Yuan H, Park S. Beneficial Effect of Gastrodia elata Blume and Poria cocos Wolf Administration on Acute UVB Irradiation by Alleviating Inflammation through Promoting the Gut-Skin Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810833. [PMID: 36142744 PMCID: PMC9504230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in some herbs can, directly and indirectly, protect against photoaging. We evaluated the effects of Gastrodia elata Blume (GE) and Poria cocos Wolf (PC) water extracts on ultraviolet (UV) B-induced skin lesions by acute UVB exposure in ICR mice and explored their mechanism of action. After removing the hair on the back of the mice, UVB (280–310 nm) was exposed to the back for 30 min to induce skin damage. Four UVB exposure groups were divided into the following according to the local application (1,3-butanediol extract) on the dorsal skin and oral intake (0.3 g water extract/kg body weight/day): 1,3-butanediol and cellulose(control; UV-Con), retinoic acid (positive-control; UV-Positive), PC extracts (UV-PC), and GE extracts (UV-GE). The fifth group had no UVB exposure with the same treatment as the UV-Con (Normal-control). The erythema, burns, erosion, and wounds of the UV-PC and UV-PC groups were alleviated, and the most significant improvements occurred in the UV-PC group. PC and GE reduced the thickness of the dorsal skin tissue, the penetration of mast cells, and malondialdehyde contents. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-13, and IL-4, inflammatory factors, were also reduced significantly in the dorsal skin of the UV-PC and UV-GE groups. UV-PC, UV-GE, and UV-Positive showed improvements in UV-induced intestinal tissue inflammation. UV-Con deteriorated the intestinal morphology, and PC and GE alleviated it. The α-diversity of the fecal microbiota decreased in the UV-control, and UV-PC and UV-GE prevented the decrease. Fecal metagenome analysis revealed increased propionate biosynthesis in the UV-PC group but decreased lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in the UV-PC and UV-GE groups compared to UV-Con. In conclusion, the local application and intake of PC and GE had significant therapeutic effects on acute UV-induced skin damage by reducing oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, potentially promoting the gut-microbiota-gut-skin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Shaokai Huang
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Jingyi Qiu
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Heng Yuan
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
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13
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Zhao J, Zhang W, Yu H. Prospects and Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Standards Through the Transition of Chinese Pharmacopeia. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Song YC, Lee DY, Yeh PY. A Novel Chinese Herbal and Corresponding Chemical Formula for Cancer Treatment by Targeting Tumor Maintenance, Progression, and Metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907826. [PMID: 35721174 PMCID: PMC9204638 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized a so-called "heirloom recipe" Chinese herbal formula (temporarily named Formula X) that contains five Chinese medical botanical drugs, Huang-Lian (Coptis chinensis Franch. [Ranunculaceae]), Huang-Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi [Lamiaceae]), Bai-Wei (Vincetoxicum atratum (Bunge) C. Morren and Decne. [Apocynaceae]), E-Zhu (Curcuma aromatica Salisb. [Zingiberaceae]) and Bai-Zhu (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. [Asteraceae]). Formula X inhibited the growth of various cancer cells and decreased the expression levels of a panel of proteins, including CD133, Myc, PD-L1, and Slug, in cancer cells. We further found that the inhibition of growth and protein expression were exerted by Huang-Lian, Huang-Qin, and Bai-Wei (formula HHB), which exhibited the same biological effects as those of Formula X. Furthermore, we selected three active chemicals, berberine, baicalin, and saponin from Huang-Lian, Huang-Qin, and Bai-Wei, respectively, to produce a chemical formulation (formula BBS), which exhibited similar effects on cell growth and protein expression as those induced by formula HHB. Both the formulae HHB and BBS suppressed tumor growth in an animal study. Moreover, they decreased the protein levels of Myc and PD-L1 in tumor cells in vivo. In summary, we established a novel Chinese herbal formula and a chemical formula that targeted three important processes, tumor maintenance (tumor stem cells), progression, and metastasis, and that influenced the response of tumors to host immunosuppression, for the potentially effective treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chyi Song
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yen Yeh
- TCM division, Jin-Mi company, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Nutritional Profile and Health Benefits of Ganoderma lucidum “Lingzhi, Reishi, or Mannentake” as Functional Foods: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071030. [PMID: 35407117 PMCID: PMC8998036 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum has a long history of medicinal uses in the Far East countries of more than 2000 years due to its healing properties. Recently, G. lucidum has come under scientific scrutiny to evaluate its content of bioactive components that affect human physiology, and has been exploited for potent components in the pharmacology, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics industries. For instance, evidence is accumulating on the potential of this mushroom species as a promising antiviral medicine for treating many viral diseases, such as dengue virus, enterovirus 71, and recently coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Still, more research studies on the biotherapeutic components of G. lucidum are needed to ensure the safety and efficiency of G. lucidum and promote the development of commercial functional foods. This paper provides an extensive overview of the nutraceutical value of Ganoderma lucidum and the development of commercial functional food. Moreover, the geo-origin tracing strategies of this mushroom and its products are discussed, a highly important parameter to ensure product quality and safety. The discussed features will open new avenues and reveal more secrets to widely utilizing this mushroom in many industrial fields; i.e., pharmaceutical and nutritional ones, which will positively reflect the global economy.
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16
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Preparation and evaluation of magnetic graphene oxide molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs-GO-Fe3O4@SiO2) for the analysis and separation of tripterine. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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The internationalization of TCM towards Portuguese-speaking countries. Chin Med 2021; 16:81. [PMID: 34412664 PMCID: PMC8374110 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Portuguese-speaking countries (PSC), local regulatory systems and relevant legislation are still insufficient and lagging, even blank in some of them. This kind of unbalanced pace either makes users of TCM exposed in potential risk or eventually obstructs the long-term development of TCM in PSC. Despite existing tremendous studies on the internationalization of TCM, there are few studies specific to PSC. Thus, by a comprehensive desk review and typical case study, this article aims to summarize current situation of TCM in PSC by a cross-regional comparison, to identify various critical challenges, and further to provide an insightful reference to impel the development of TCM in PSC.
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18
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Millar R. From Mao to McDonaldization? Assessing the rationalisation of health care in China. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:1643-1659. [PMID: 34382703 PMCID: PMC9292377 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
China's 2009 health care reform agenda has been referred to as one of the most ambitious health policy programmes in modern history. Significant investment has combined with new structures, incentives, and regulations that have aimed to improve access, as well as gain greater control over a health care market much criticised for putting profit before patients. A range of health services research has been undertaken to analyse these efforts. Sociological perspectives have also been documented yet up to now a review and synthesis combining these various contributions has not been undertaken. By drawing on the lens of McDonaldization, the paper presents a narrative review that analyses the extent to which China's 2009 reform agenda has increased efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control over service provision. The review identifies elements of McDonaldization within China's 2009 reform agenda, however, notable gaps remain. In response to the limits of McDonaldization as a lens for understanding China's health care reform, the paper calls for alternative perspectives that are better able to understand the sociocultural dynamics shaping service provision, as well as an interdisciplinary research agenda that is able to generate new insights and understanding regarding health care in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Millar
- Health Services Management CentreUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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19
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Nichols R. Understanding East Asian holistic cognitive style and its cultural evolution: a multi-disciplinary case study of Traditional Chinese Medicine. JOURNAL OF CULTURAL COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41809-021-00075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Friedler A. Sociocultural, behavioural and political factors shaping the COVID-19 pandemic: the need for a biocultural approach to understanding pandemics and (re)emerging pathogens. Glob Public Health 2020; 16:17-35. [PMID: 33019889 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1828982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although there has been increasing focus in recent years on interdisciplinary approaches to health and disease, and in particular the dimension of social inequalities in epidemics, infectious diseases have been much less focused on. This is especially true in the area of cultural dynamics and their effects on pathogen behaviours, although there is evidence to suggest that this relationship is central to shaping our interactions with infectious disease agents on a variety of levels. This paper makes a case for a biocultural approach to pandemics such as COVID-19. It then uses this biocultural framework to examine the anthropogenic dynamics that influenced and continue to shape the COVID-19 pandemic, both during its initial phase and during critical intersections of the pandemic. Through this understanding of biocultural interactions between people, animals and pathogens, a broader societal and political dimension is drawn as a function of population level and international cultures, to reflect on the culturally mediated differential burden of the pandemic. Ultimately, it is argued that a biocultural perspective on infectious disease pandemics will allow for critical reflection on how culture shapes our behaviours at all levels, and how the effects of these behaviours are ultimately foundational to pathogen ecology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Friedler
- Département des sciences humaines et sociales, École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique - Campus de Paris, Saint-Denis, France.,l'Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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21
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Aktuelle Artenschutzprobleme im Kontext der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin1. CHINESISCHE MEDIZIN / CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7474318 DOI: 10.1007/s00052-020-0271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Die Verwendung von Wildtieren in der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin gerät immer wieder in die Kritik, insbesondere wenn hierdurch fortwährend neue Arten an den Rand der Ausrottung gebracht werden. Das Washingtoner Artenschutzübereinkommen (engl. Abkürzung CITES) kann zwar den internationalen Handel mit Wildtieren regeln, doch auf nationaler Ebene tragen die einzelnen Regierungen Verantwortung. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über jüngste Entwicklungen im Artenschutz im Kontext der TCM, auch im Zusammenhang mit der Covid-19-Pandemie, sowie zu den Bemühungen der chinesischen Regierung, den boomenden TCM-Markt weiter auszubauen.
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22
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Eigenschink M, Dearing L, Dablander TE, Maier J, Sitte HH. A critical examination of the main premises of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 132:260-273. [PMID: 32198544 PMCID: PMC7253514 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) consists of a plethora of therapeutic approaches aiming to both characterize and treat diseases. Its utilization has gained significant popularity in the western world and is even backed by the World Health Organization's decision to include TCM diagnostic patterns into the new revision of the International Classification of Diseases code, the global standard for diagnostic health information. As these developments and potentially far-reaching decisions can affect modern healthcare systems and daily clinical work as well as wildlife conservation, its underlying factual basis must be critically examined. This article therefore provides an overview of the evidence underlying the basic TCM concepts, such as Qi, meridians, acupuncture, pulse and tongue diagnostics as well as traditional herbal treatments. Moreover, it discusses whether scientific literature on TCM reflects the current standard for evidence-based research, as described in good scientific practice and good clinical practice guidelines. Importantly, misinformation regarding the therapeutic efficacy of animal-derived substances has lead and currently leads to problems with wildlife preservation and animal ethics. Nevertheless, the (re-)discovery of artemisinin more than 50 years ago introduced a novel development in TCM: the commingling of Eastern and Western medicine, the appreciation of both systems. The need for more rigorous approaches, fulfilment of and agreement to current guidelines to achieve high-quality research are of utmost relevance. Thereby, ancient knowledge of herbal species and concoctions may serve as a possible treasure box rather than Pandora's box.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Dearing
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom E Dablander
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Straße 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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