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Baker JF, England BR, George MD, Wysham K, Johnson T, Kunkel G, Sauer B, Hamilton BC, Hunter CD, Duryee MJ, Monach P, Kerr G, Reimold A, Xiao R, Thiele GM, Mikuls TR. Elevations in adipocytokines and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4924-4934. [PMID: 35325041 PMCID: PMC9707328 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed whether circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin are associated with higher mortality in patients with RA. METHODS Participants were adults from the Veterans Affairs RA Registry. Adipokines and inflammatory cytokines were measured as part of a multi-analyte panel on banked serum at enrolment. Dates and causes of death were derived from the Corporate Data Warehouse and the National Death Index. Covariates were derived from medical record, biorepository and registry databases. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models evaluated associations between biomarkers and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS A total of 2583 participants were included. Higher adiponectin levels were associated with older age, male sex, white race, lower BMI, autoantibody seropositivity, radiographic damage, longer disease duration, prednisone use and osteoporosis. Higher adiponectin concentrations were also associated with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines but not higher disease activity at enrolment. Leptin was primarily associated with greater BMI and comorbidity. The highest quartile of adiponectin (vs lowest quartile) was associated with higher all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.46 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.93), P = 0.009] and higher cardiovascular mortality [HR: 1.85 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.75), P = 0.003], after accounting for covariates. Higher leptin levels were also associated with greater all-cause and cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS Elevations in adipokines are associated with age, BMI, comorbidity and severe disease features in RA and independently predict early death. Associations between adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines support the hypothesis that chronic subclinical inflammation promotes metabolic changes that drive elevations in adipokines and yield adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Baker
- Correspondence to: Joshua F. Baker, Division of Rheumatology, 5th Floor White Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. E-mail:
| | - Bryant R England
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael D George
- Perelman School of Medicine,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine Wysham
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Tate Johnson
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Gary Kunkel
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Brian Sauer
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bartlett C Hamilton
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Carlos D Hunter
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Michael J Duryee
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Gail Kerr
- Washington DC VA Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | | | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Geoff M Thiele
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- Medicine Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Eat, Train, Sleep-Retreat? Hormonal Interactions of Intermittent Fasting, Exercise and Circadian Rhythm. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040516. [PMID: 33808424 PMCID: PMC8065500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythmicity of endogenous metabolic and hormonal processes is controlled by a complex system of central and peripheral pacemakers, influenced by exogenous factors like light/dark-cycles, nutrition and exercise timing. There is evidence that alterations in this system may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that disruptions to normal diurnal rhythms lead to drastic changes in circadian processes, as often seen in modern society due to excessive exposure to unnatural light sources. Out of that, research has focused on time-restricted feeding and exercise, as both seem to be able to reset disruptions in circadian pacemakers. Based on these results and personal physical goals, optimal time periods for food intake and exercise have been identified. This review shows that appropriate nutrition and exercise timing are powerful tools to support, rather than not disturb, the circadian rhythm and potentially contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, both lifestyle interventions are unable to address the real issue: the misalignment of our biological with our social time.
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Meeks KAC, Bentley AR, Adeyemo AA, Rotimi CN. Evolutionary forces in diabetes and hypertension pathogenesis in Africans. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R110-R118. [PMID: 33734377 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension are increasing rapidly in urbanizing sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). While lifestyle factors drive the increases in T2D and hypertension prevalence, evidence across populations shows that genetic variation, which is driven by evolutionary forces including a natural selection that shaped the human genome, also plays a role. Here we report the evidence for the effect of selection in African genomes on mechanisms underlying T2D and hypertension, including energy metabolism, adipose tissue biology, insulin action and salt retention. Selection effects found for variants in genes PPARA and TCF7L2 may have enabled Africans to respond to nutritional challenges by altering carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Likewise, African-ancestry-specific characteristics of adipose tissue biology (low visceral adipose tissue [VAT], high intermuscular adipose tissue and a strong association between VAT and adiponectin) may have been selected for in response to nutritional and infectious disease challenges in the African environment. Evidence for selection effects on insulin action, including insulin resistance and secretion, has been found for several genes including MPHOSPH9, TMEM127, ZRANB3 and MC3R. These effects may have been historically adaptive in critical conditions, such as famine and inflammation. A strong correlation between hypertension susceptibility variants and latitude supports the hypothesis of selection for salt retention mechanisms in warm, humid climates. Nevertheless, adaptive genomics studies in African populations are scarce. More work is needed, particularly genomics studies covering the wide diversity of African populations in SSA and Africans in diaspora, as well as further functional assessment of established risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn A C Meeks
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Baker JF, Newman AB, Kanaya A, Leonard MB, Zemel B, Miljkovic I, Long J, Weber D, Harris TB. The Adiponectin Paradox in the Elderly: Associations With Body Composition, Physical Functioning, and Mortality. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:247-253. [PMID: 29438496 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To determine if adiponectin levels are associated with weight loss, low muscle mass, and physical functioning among the elderly and to determine independent associations with incident disability and death. Methods Included were 3,044 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, who had whole-body dual energy absorptiometry performed to evaluate appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m2) and fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2), computed tomography measures of thigh muscle density, weight histories, estimates of physical functioning, and adiponectin levels at enrollment. Associations between adiponectin levels and body composition, weight loss, and physical functioning were assessed in multivariable linear regression models. Associations between adiponectin and incident disability and mortality were assessed in mediation analyses, adjusting for other factors. Results Greater adiponectin at baseline was independently associated with low FMI Z-score, lower waist circumference, low ALMI Z-score, low muscle density, a history of weight loss, and poor physical functioning (all p < .05). Greater adiponectin levels (per SD) were associated with incident disability [HR: 1.14 (1.08, 1.20), p < .001] and greater mortality [HR: 1.17 (1.10, 1.25), p < .001] in models adjusting for demographic factors, adiposity, and comorbid conditions. The association was completely attenuated and no longer significant (all p > 0.05) when adjusting for body composition, muscle density, weight loss, and physical functioning at baseline. Conclusions Greater serum adiponectin levels are associated with historical weight loss, low skeletal muscle mass, low muscle density, and poor physical functioning. High adiponectin is associated with a greater risk of incident disability and death, but not independently of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Baker
- Department of Medicine, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia.,University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia.,Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alka Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mary B Leonard
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford
| | | | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jin Long
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford
| | - David Weber
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryl
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Oh A, Okazaki R, Sam F, Valero-Muñoz M. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction and Adipose Tissue: A Story of Two Tales. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:110. [PMID: 31428620 PMCID: PMC6687767 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by signs and symptoms of heart failure in the presence of a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Although it accounts for up to 50% of all clinical presentations of heart failure, there are no evidence-based therapies for HFpEF to reduce morbidity and mortality. Additionally there is a lack of mechanistic understanding about the pathogenesis of HFpEF. HFpEF is associated with many comorbidities (such as obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, etc.) and is coupled with both cardiac and extra-cardiac abnormalities. Large outcome trials and registries reveal that being obese is a major risk factor for HFpEF. There is increasing focus on investigating the link between obesity and HFpEF, and the role that the adipose tissue and the heart, and the circulating milieu play in development and pathogenesis of HFpEF. This review discusses features of the obese-HFpEF phenotype and highlights proposed mechanisms implicated in the inter-tissue communication between adipose tissue and the heart in obesity-associated HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Oh
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ross Okazaki
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Flora Sam
- Evans Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Valero-Muñoz
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Liu Y, Vu V, Sweeney G. Examining the Potential of Developing and Implementing Use of Adiponectin-Targeted Therapeutics for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:842. [PMID: 31920962 PMCID: PMC6918867 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases encompass those affecting the heart and vasculature as well as other metabolic problems, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These diseases tend to have common risk factors, one of which is impaired adiponectin action. This may be due to reduced bioavailability of the hormone or resistance to its effects on target tissues. A strong negative correlation between adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic diseases has been well-documented and research shown that adiponectin has cardioprotective, insulin sensitizing and direct beneficial metabolic effects. Thus, therapeutic approaches to enhance adiponectin action are widely considered to be desirable. The complexity of adiponectin structure and function has so far made progress in this area less than ideal. In this article we will review the effects and mechanism of action of adiponectin on cardiometabolic tissues, identify scenarios where enhancing adiponectin action would be of clinical value and finally discuss approaches via which this can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research Division, iCarbonX Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Liu
| | - Vivian Vu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Gary Sweeney
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Woodward L, Akoumianakis I, Antoniades C. Unravelling the adiponectin paradox: novel roles of adiponectin in the regulation of cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:4007-4020. [PMID: 27629236 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) has recently been identified as a dynamic endocrine organ secreting a wide range of adipokines. Adiponectin is one such hormone, exerting endocrine and paracrine effects on the cardiovascular system. At a cellular and molecular level, adiponectin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic roles, thereby mitigating key mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis. However, adiponectin expression in human AT as well as its circulating levels are increased in advanced CVD states, and it is actually considered by many as a 'rescue hormone'. Due to the complex mechanisms regulating adiponectin's biosynthesis in the human AT, measurement of its levels as a biomarker in CVD is highly controversial, given that adiponectin exerts protective effects on the cardiovascular system but at the same time its increased levels flag advanced CVD. In this review article, we present the involvement of adiponectin in CVD pathogenesis and we discuss its role as a clinical biomarker. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Targeting Inflammation to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.22/issuetoc and http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bcp.v82.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Woodward
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Coleman SK, Rebalka IA, D’Souza DM, Hawke TJ. Skeletal muscle as a therapeutic target for delaying type 1 diabetic complications. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1323-1336. [PMID: 26674848 PMCID: PMC4673386 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i17.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease targeting the pancreatic beta-cells and rendering the person hypoinsulinemic and hyperglycemic. Despite exogenous insulin therapy, individuals with T1DM will invariably develop long-term complications such as blindness, kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. Though often overlooked, skeletal muscle is also adversely affected in T1DM, with both physical and metabolic derangements reported. As the largest metabolic organ in the body, impairments to skeletal muscle health in T1DM would impact insulin sensitivity, glucose/lipid disposal and basal metabolic rate and thus affect the ability of persons with T1DM to manage their disease. In this review, we discuss the impact of T1DM on skeletal muscle health with a particular focus on the proposed mechanisms involved. We then identify and discuss established and potential adjuvant therapies which, in association with insulin therapy, would improve the health of skeletal muscle in those with T1DM and thereby improve disease management- ultimately delaying the onset and severity of other long-term diabetic complications.
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Kema VH, Mojerla NR, Khan I, Mandal P. Effect of alcohol on adipose tissue: a review on ethanol mediated adipose tissue injury. Adipocyte 2015; 4:225-31. [PMID: 26451277 PMCID: PMC4573182 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1017170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption has been in existence in the world for many centuries and it is the major cause of death and injury worldwide. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is caused due to excess and chronic alcohol intake. Studies across the globe have identified several pathways leading to ALD. Adipose tissue which has been considered as an energy storage organ is also found to play a major role in ALD progression by secreting hormones and cytokines known as adipokines or adipocytokines. Ethanol affects the metabolic and innate immune activities of adipose tissue contributing to alcohol-induced injury of the tissues. OBJECTIVE We aimed at 1) summarizing the metabolism and progression of ALD 2) summarizing about the structure and effect of ethanol induced oxidative stress on adipose tissue 3) reviewing the available data on the effect of ethanol on adipose tissue mass and adipokine secretion in both rodent models and alcoholic patients. METHODS The article is summarized based on the original literature and reviews in studying the effect of ethanol on adipose tissue. RESULTS Studies on alcoholic patients and rodent models has shown that chronic ethanol consumption reduces adipose tissue mass and causes CYP2E1 mediated oxidative stress and inflammation of adipose tissue. Further hyperlipolysis is observed in adipose tissue that leads to excess fatty acid release that gets transported and deposited in the liver resulting in hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSION Studies show that adipose tissue plays a major role in the progression of ALD. So understanding of the mechanisms linking ethanol induced adipose tissue injury with ALD progression would help us in identifying potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Harini Kema
- Department of Biological Sciences; BITS Pilani; Hyderabad Campus; Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences; BITS Pilani; Hyderabad Campus; Hyderabad, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences; BITS Pilani; Hyderabad Campus; Hyderabad, India
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Baker JF, Von Feldt JM, Mostoufi-Moab S, Kim W, Taratuta E, Leonard MB. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 and Adiponectin and Associations with Muscle Deficits, Disease Characteristics, and Treatments in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2015; 42:2038-45. [PMID: 26329340 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with low muscle mass and density. The objective of our study was to evaluate associations between 2 serum biomarkers [insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and adiponectin] and skeletal muscle in RA. METHODS Whole-body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures of the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI; kg/m(2)) and total fat mass index (kg/m(2)), as well as the peripheral quantitative computed tomography measures of the lower leg muscle and fat cross-sectional area (CSA; cm(2)) and muscle density (an index of fat infiltration) were obtained from 50 participants with RA, ages 18-70 years. Multivariable linear regression analyses evaluated associations between body composition and levels of adiponectin and IGF-1, adjusted for age, sex, and adiposity. RESULTS Greater age was associated with higher adiponectin (p = 0.06) and lower IGF-1 (p = 0.004). Eight subjects had IGF-1 levels below the reference range for their age and sex. These subjects had significantly lower ALMI and muscle CSA in multivariable models. Lower IGF-1 levels were associated with greater clinical disease activity and severity, as well as low ALMI, muscle CSA, and muscle density (defined as 1 SD below normative mean). After adjusting for age and sex, greater adiponectin levels were associated with lower BMI (p = 0.02) as well as lower ALMI, and lower muscle CSA, independent of adiposity (p < 0.05). Only greater Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were significantly associated with lower adiponectin levels. CONCLUSION Low IGF-1 and greater adiponectin levels are associated with lower muscle mass in RA. Lower IGF-1 levels were seen in subjects with greater disease activity and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Baker
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center; Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; J.M. Von Feldt, MD, MSEd, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; S. Mostoufi-Moab, MD, MSCE, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; W. Kim, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; E. Taratuta, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; M.B. Leonard, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University.
| | - Joan Marie Von Feldt
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center; Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; J.M. Von Feldt, MD, MSEd, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; S. Mostoufi-Moab, MD, MSCE, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; W. Kim, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; E. Taratuta, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; M.B. Leonard, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Sogol Mostoufi-Moab
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center; Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; J.M. Von Feldt, MD, MSEd, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; S. Mostoufi-Moab, MD, MSCE, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; W. Kim, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; E. Taratuta, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; M.B. Leonard, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Woojin Kim
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center; Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; J.M. Von Feldt, MD, MSEd, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; S. Mostoufi-Moab, MD, MSCE, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; W. Kim, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; E. Taratuta, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; M.B. Leonard, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Elena Taratuta
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center; Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; J.M. Von Feldt, MD, MSEd, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; S. Mostoufi-Moab, MD, MSCE, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; W. Kim, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; E. Taratuta, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; M.B. Leonard, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Mary B Leonard
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia Veteran Affairs (VA) Medical Center; Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; J.M. Von Feldt, MD, MSEd, Division of Rheumatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and Division of Rheumatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; S. Mostoufi-Moab, MD, MSCE, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; W. Kim, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; E. Taratuta, MD, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; M.B. Leonard, MD, MSCE, Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Stanford University
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Ljubic S, Jazbec A, Tomic M, Piljac A, Jurisic Erzen D, Novak B, Kastelan S, Lovrencic MV, Brkljacic N. Inverse Levels of Adiponectin in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Are in Accordance with the State of Albuminuria. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:372796. [PMID: 26089882 PMCID: PMC4451160 DOI: 10.1155/2015/372796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. To investigate the behaviour of adiponectin (ApN) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods. ApN and inflammatory and other markers of the metabolic syndrome were compared across diabetes types, albumin excretion rate (AER), and creatinine clearance (CrCl) categories in 219 type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Results. Significant differences among ApN levels according to AER were found in both types of diabetes (F = 8.45, df = 2, P < 0.001). With the progression of albuminuria, ApN increased in type 1 and decreased in type 2 diabetes. Patients with decreased CrCl had higher ApN levels than those with normal CrCl in either type of diabetes (F = 12.7, df = 1, P < 0.001). The best model for ApN (R (2) = 0.9002) obtained from stepwise regression in type 1 diabetes included CrCl, BMI, WBC, CRP, and age, while in type 2 diabetes (R (2) = 0.2882) it included ppPG, LDL, and UA. Conclusion. ApN behaved differently in relation to albuminuria, increasing with its progression in type 1 diabetes and decreasing in type 2 diabetes. It was however increased in the subgroups with decreased CrCl in both types of diabetes. Albuminuria seems to be more important than renal insufficiency in the definition of ApN levels in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spomenka Ljubic
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic, Merkur University Hospital, Zajceva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- *Spomenka Ljubic:
| | - Anamarija Jazbec
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tomic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic, Merkur University Hospital, Zajceva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Piljac
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic, Merkur University Hospital, Zajceva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Jurisic Erzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rijeka University Hospital Center, Kresimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Branko Novak
- Department of Diabetes, Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic, Merkur University Hospital, Zajceva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snjezana Kastelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dubrava Clinical Hospital, Avenija Gojka Suska 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Neva Brkljacic
- Department of Cardiology, Merkur University Hospital, Zajceva 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Høst C, Gormsen LC, Hougaard DM, Christiansen JS, Pedersen SB, Gravholt CH. Acute and short-term chronic testosterone fluctuation effects on glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and adiponectin: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1088-96. [PMID: 24606070 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low levels of adiponectin and T in men have been shown to predict development of the metabolic syndrome, but the effects of T on glucose metabolism are incompletely understood and may be influenced either directly or indirectly through changes in body composition or in levels of adiponectin. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to test whether T exerts its effects on glucose metabolism directly or indirectly. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 12 healthy young males were studied on four separate occasions. They received GnRH agonist treatment 1 month before 3 of 4 trial days to induce castrate levels of T. On trial days, T gel containing either high or low physiological T dose or placebo was applied to the body. On a fourth trial day, participants constituted their own eugonadal controls. INTERVENTION Each study comprised a 5-hour basal period and a 3-hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We measured the effect of acute T on peripheral glucose disposal, total adiponectin and subforms, and other indices of glucose metabolism. RESULTS Short-term hypogonadism was associated with increased high molecular weight adiponectin levels (P < .03) and increased oxidative glucose disposal (P = .03) but not total glucose disposal (P = .07). Acute T treatment was an independent suppressor of high molecular weight adiponectin levels (P = .04) but did not affect total glucose disposal (P = .17). CONCLUSIONS These data show that T can act through putative fast nongenomic pathways to affect adiponectin levels in humans. The early hypogonadal state is characterized by a marked shift in fuel oxidation from lipids toward glucose, which may rely partly on buffering capabilities of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Høst
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine and the Medical Research Laboratories (C.H., L.C.G., J.S.C., S.B.P., C.H.G.), Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology (D.M.H.), Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
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Abstract
The concept of skeletal muscle myopathy as a main determinant of exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure (HF) is gaining acceptance. Symptoms that typify HF patients, including shortness of breath and fatigue, are often directly related to the abnormalities of the skeletal muscle in HF. Besides muscular wasting, alterations in skeletal muscle energy metabolism, including insulin resistance, have been implicated in HF. Adiponectin, an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing properties, receives increasing interest in HF. Circulating adiponectin levels are elevated in HF patients, but high levels are paradoxically associated with poor outcome. Previous analysis of m. vastus lateralis biopsies in HF patients highlighted a striking functional adiponectin resistance. Together with increased circulating adiponectin levels, adiponectin expression within the skeletal muscle is elevated in HF patients, whereas the expression of the main adiponectin receptor and genes involved in the downstream pathway of lipid and glucose metabolism is downregulated. In addition, the adiponectin-related metabolic disturbances strongly correlate with aerobic capacity (VO2 peak), sub-maximal exercise performance and muscle strength. These observations strengthen our hypothesis that adiponectin and its receptors play a key role in the development and progression of the "heart failure myopathy". The question whether adiponectin exerts beneficial rather than detrimental effects in HF is still left unanswered. This current research overview will elucidate the emerging role of adiponectin in HF and suggests potential therapeutic targets to tackle energy wasting in these patients.
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Association of serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin concentrations with the severity of liver dysfunction and the disease complications in alcoholic liver disease. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:148526. [PMID: 24259947 PMCID: PMC3821915 DOI: 10.1155/2013/148526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. There is growing evidence that white adipose tissue is an important contributor in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). We investigated serum concentrations of total adiponectin (Acrp30), leptin, and resistin in patients with chronic alcohol abuse and different grades of liver dysfunction, as well as ALD complications. Materials and Methods. One hundred forty-seven consecutive inpatients with ALD were prospectively recruited. The evaluation of plasma adipokine levels was performed using immunoenzymatic ELISA tests. Multivariable logistic regression was applied in order to select independent predictors of advanced liver dysfunction and the disease complications. Results. Acrp30 and resistin levels were significantly higher in patients with ALD than in controls. Lower leptin levels in females with ALD compared to controls, but no significant differences in leptin concentrations in males, were found. High serum Acrp30 level revealed an independent association with advanced liver dysfunction, as well as the development of ALD complications, that is, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusion. Gender-related differences in serum leptin concentrations may influence the ALD course, different in females compared with males. Serum Acrp30 level may serve as a potential prognostic indicator for patients with ALD.
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15
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Testerink J, Jaspers RT, Rittweger J, de Haan A, Degens H. Effects of alfacalcidol on circulating cytokines and growth factors in rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol Sci 2011; 61:525-35. [PMID: 21909988 PMCID: PMC10717088 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supra-physiological levels of vitamin D induce skeletal muscle atrophy, which may be particularly detrimental in already sarcopaenic elderly. Neither the cause nor whether the atrophy is fibre type specific are known. To obtain supraphysiological levels of circulating vitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) 27.5-month-old female Fischer(344) × Brown Norway F1 rats were orally treated for 6 weeks with vehicle or the vitamin D analogue alfacalcidol. Alfacalcidol treatment induced a 22% decrease in body mass and 17% muscle atrophy. Fibre atrophy was restricted to type IIb fibres in the low-oxidative part of the gastrocnemius medialis only (-22%; P < 0.05). There was a concomitant 1.6-fold increase in mRNA expression of the ubiquitin ligase MuRF-1 (P < 0.001), whereas those of insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin were not affected. Circulating IL-6 was unaltered, but leptin and adiponectin were decreased (-39%) and increased (64%), respectively. The treated rats also exhibited a reduced food intake. In conclusion, supraphysiological levels of circulating 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) cause preferential atrophy of type IIb fibres, which is associated with an increased expression of MuRF-1 without evidence of systemic inflammation. The atrophy and loss of body mass in the presence of supra-physiological levels of vitamin D are primarily due to a reduced food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janwillem Testerink
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M5 1GD UK
- Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T. Jaspers
- Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M5 1GD UK
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arnold de Haan
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M5 1GD UK
- Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Degens
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M5 1GD UK
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
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Rogozina OP, Bonorden MJL, Seppanen CN, Grande JP, Cleary MP. Effect of chronic and intermittent calorie restriction on serum adiponectin and leptin and mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:568-81. [PMID: 21257708 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chronic (CCR) and intermittent (ICR) caloric restriction on serum adiponectin and leptin levels was investigated in relation to mammary tumorigenesis. 10-wks old MMTV-TGF-α female mice were assigned to ad libitum fed (AL; AIN-93M diet), ICR (3-week 50% caloric restriction, AIN-93M-mod diet, 2× protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals followed by 3-wks 100% AL consumption of AIN-93M), and CCR (calorie and nutrient intake matched for each 6-wks ICR cycle, ∼ 75% of AL) groups. Mice were sacrificed at 79 (end of restriction) or 82 (end of refeeding) wks of age. Serum was obtained in cycles 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, and terminal. Mammary tumor incidence was 71.0%, 35.4%, and 9.1% for AL, CCR, and ICR mice, respectively. Serum adiponectin levels were similar among groups with no impact of either CCR or ICR. Serum leptin level rose in AL mice with increasing age but was significantly reduced by long-term CCR and ICR. The ICR protocol was also associated with an elevated adiponectin/leptin ratio. In addition, ICR-restricted mice had increased mammary tissue AdipoR1 expression and decreased leptin and ObRb expression compared with AL mice. Mammary fat pads from tumor-free ICR-mice had higher adiponectin expression than AL and CCR mice whereas all tumor-bearing mice had weak adiponectin signal in mammary fat pad. Although we did not show an association of either adiponectin or leptin with individual mice in relation to mammary tumorigenesis, we did find that reduced serum leptin and elevated adiponectin/leptin ratio were associated with the protective effect of intermittent calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Rogozina
- 1The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin and 2Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55912, USA
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Elias E, Wallenius V, Herlitz H, Bergström GML, Olson FJ, Behre CJ. Erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport activity is inversely correlated to adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4 and body height. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2010; 70:487-91. [PMID: 20849357 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2010.520089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously described that the sodium/lithium countertransport (SLC) in the erythrocyte cell membrane is closely linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) are believed to affect obesity and insulin resistance. In the present study, we aimed to further characterize the relationship between SLC, inflammatory markers, adiponectin and RBP-4. METHODS We included 93 clinically healthy 58-year-old men selected to display variations in insulin sensitivity. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), TNF-alpha, soluble TNF-alpha-receptors (sTNFR) 1 and 2, IL-6 and RBP-4 were measured using antibody-based techniques. Adiponectin was determined by a radioimmunoassay kit. The lithium concentration in the special flux medium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS In univariate analyses, SLC correlated negatively with RBP-4 (r(s) = -0.256, p = -0.017) and to adiponectin (r(s) = -0.316, p = 0.003) and positively with TNF-alpha (r(s) = 0.346, p = 0.001) and hs-CRP (r(s) = 0.288, p = 0.005). There were no statistically significant correlations with sTNFR 1 or 2 or IL-6. SLC was negatively associated to body height (r(s) = -0.256, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS We are the first to report that SLC correlates negatively with adiponectin and RBP-4. This finding is intriguing, as adiponectin is anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic whereas RBP-4 supposedly decreases insulin sensitivity. We also observed a negative association between SLC activity and body height indicating that SLC activity is not primarily influenced by fat mass. The positive association of SLC with markers of inflammatory activity such as TNF-alpha and hs-CRP is in line with the proposed link between inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Elias
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Høst C, Bojesen A, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Christiansen JS, Gravholt CH. Effect of sex hormone treatment on circulating adiponectin and subforms in Turner and Klinefelter syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest 2010; 40:211-9. [PMID: 20100236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex hormones have been shown to influence levels of adiponectin. Furthermore, testosterone has been shown to alter the subform distribution of adiponectin, whereas the effects of oestradiol are equivocal. We investigated the impact of sex hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on circulating adiponectin and its subforms, fasting lipids and measures of insulin sensitivity in Turner syndrome (TS) and Klinefelter syndrome (KS) respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared eight young TS patients on and off 2 months of HRT vs. eight age- and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy females as well as 19 untreated KS patients vs. 20 testosterone treated KS patients vs. 20 age and BMI matched healthy males. Total adiponectin and adiponectin subforms separated by fast protein liquid chromatography were measured using an in-house assay. In addition, fasting levels of insulin, glucose and homeostasis model assessment estimates were determined. RESULTS In TS, total adiponectin levels were 10.5 +/- 3.1 (mean +/- SD) vs. 12.8 +/- 3.5 mg L(-1) (P = 0.02) and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin 5.8 +/- 2.7 and 6.8 +/- 1.9 mg L(-1) (P = 0.02) on and off HRT respectively. Irrespective of HRT, total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were similar to control values. In KS, total adiponectin levels were 6.5 (3.0-24.2) (median and range) and 9.3 (4.3-14.3) mg L(-1) (P = NS) and HMW adiponectin was 2.5 (0.5-16.0) and 4.6 (1.3-8.6) mg L(-1) (P = NS) with and without testosterone treatment respectively, and similar to controls. CONCLUSION Short time HRT suppressed HMW and total adiponectin levels in TS patients. Testosterone treatment in KS patients had no effect on these parameters. In both groups of patients either adiponectin or the HMW subform seems to play no greater role in reflecting or mediating insulin sensitivity. Our data indicates that in patients with TS and KS, sex hormones have different effects on circulating adiponectin and its HMW subform than previously reported in other sex hormone deficient patients and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Høst
- Medical Department M, Diabetes and Endocrinology and the Medical Research Laboratories, Clinical Institute, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Johan Behre
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine whose biosynthesis is deranged in obesity and diabetes mellitus, predisposing to atherosclerosis. Evidence suggests that adiponectin has anti-atherogenic properties by improving endothelial function and having anti-inflammatory effects in the vascular wall. In addition, adiponectin modifies vascular intracellular redox signalling and exerts indirect antioxidant effects on human myocardium. However, its clinical role in cardiovascular disease is obscure. Adiponectin's positive prognostic value in coronary artery disease had been widely supported over the last years, but this view has been questioned recently. High adiponectin levels are paradoxically associated with poorer prognosis in heart failure syndrome. These controversial findings seem surprising as adiponectin has been viewed overall as an anti-atherogenic molecule. Therefore, any certain conclusion about adiponectin's role in cardiovascular disease seems premature. Despite the rapidly accumulating literature on this adipokine, it is still unclear whether adiponectin is a key mediator or a bystander in cardiovascular disease. It is still uncertain whether adiponectin levels have any clinical significance for risk stratification in cardiovascular disease or they just reflect the activation of complex and opposing underlying mechanisms. Circulating adiponectin levels should be interpreted with caution, as they may have completely different prognostic value, depending on the underlying disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Antoniades
- 1st Cardiology Department, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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21
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Behre CJ. Adiponectin: a defense protein in catabolism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:1236. [PMID: 18774164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Swarbrick MM, Havel PJ. Physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations in humans. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2008; 6:87-102. [PMID: 18510434 DOI: 10.1089/met.2007.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte hormone that links visceral adiposity with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. It is unique among adipocyte-derived hormones in that its circulating concentrations are inversely proportional to adiposity, and low adiponectin concentrations predict the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Consequently, in the decade since its discovery, adiponectin has generated immense interest as a potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. This review summarizes current research regarding the regulation of circulating adiponectin concentrations by physiological, pharmacological, and nutritional factors, with an emphasis on human studies. In humans, plasma adiponectin concentrations are influenced by age and gender, and are inversely proportional to visceral adiposity. In vitro studies suggest that adiponectin production may be determined primarily by adipocyte size and insulin sensitivity, with larger, insulin-resistant adipocytes producing less adiponectin. While adiponectin concentrations are unchanged after meal ingestion, they are increased by significant weight loss, such as after bariatric surgery. In addition, adiponectin production is inhibited by a number of hormones, including testosterone, prolactin, glucocorticoids and growth hormone, and by inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue. Smoking decreases, while moderate alcohol consumption increases, circulating adiponectin concentrations. Dietary fatty acid composition in rodents influences adiponectin production via ligand-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs); however, current evidence in humans is equivocal. In addition to PPAR agonists (such as thiazolidinediones and fibrates), a number of pharmacological agents (angiotensin receptor type 1 blockers, ACE inhibitors, and cannabinoid receptor antagonists) used in treatment of the metabolic syndrome also increase adiponectin concentrations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Swarbrick
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Wert SE. Does adiponectin play a role in pulmonary emphysema? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 294:L1032-4. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90273.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Fantuzzi G. Adiponectin and inflammation: consensus and controversy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 121:326-30. [PMID: 18061654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating levels of adiponectin decrease with increasing visceral obesity and are lower in patients with type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease compared with controls matched by body mass index. Several reports demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin. Because increased adipose tissue is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and proinflammatory factors inhibit adiponectin production, the current hypothesis states that chronic inflammation associated with visceral obesity inhibits production of adiponectin, perpetuating inflammation. The negative correlation between adiponectin and markers of inflammation in the aforementioned conditions supports this hypothesis. In contrast with disorders typically associated with excess adiposity and positive energy balance, adiponectin levels are elevated--rather than decreased--in classic chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases that are unrelated to increased adipose tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, and cystic fibrosis. In these patients, adiponectin levels positively--rather than negatively--correlate with inflammatory markers. Furthermore, proinflammatory effects of adiponectin have been reported in tissues such as joint synovium and colonic epithelium. Thus, adiponectin is regulated in the opposite direction and may exert differential functions in classic versus obesity-associated inflammatory conditions. This article discusses this apparent paradox and presents possible alternative and/or complementary explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giamila Fantuzzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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