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Chakrabarty S, Nandi S, Bandopadhyay P, Das A, Azaharuddin M, Pal A, Ghosh S, Sett U, Nandy S, Basu T. Synthesis of novel hydrophilic celastrol nanoformulation by entrapment within calcium phosphate nanoparticle and study of its antioxidant activity against neurotoxin-induced damage in human neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 735:150480. [PMID: 39094229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, is considered as one of the top-five natural medicinal compounds with high antioxidant property. However, celastrol has poor aqueous solubility and thereby low bioavailability, restricting its clinical application as drug. To overcome this problem, we nanonized celastrol by entrapping it within hydrophilic nanocarrier - calcium phosphate nanoparticle. The synthesized calcium phosphate celastrol nanoparticle (CPCN) had average size of 35 nm, spherical shape, significant stability with (-) 37 mV zeta potential, celastrol entrapment efficiency around 75 % and low celastrol release kinetics spanning over 7 days, as measured by different techniques like FESEM, AFM, DLS, and spectrophotometry. Studies on the antioxidant potency of CPCN by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy depicted that the toxicity developed in human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y by treatment with the selective neurotoxin MPP+ iodide (N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide) got reduced by pretreatment of the cells with CPCN. Determination of cellular ROS content, depolarization level of mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle analysis and nuclear damage in MPP+-exposed cells demonstrated that CPCN had about 65 % more antioxidant efficacy over that of bulk celastrol. Thus, the nanonization process transformed hydrophobic celastrol into hydrophilic CPCN, having high potentiality to be developed as an effective antioxidant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumajit Chakrabarty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Susmita Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Pathikrit Bandopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Md Azaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Anabadya Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Upasana Sett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanchita Nandy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Tarakdas Basu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India.
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Chen CH, Tien N, Yao CH, Chen SJ, Bau DT, Pandey S, Yang HL, Hseu YC, Chen SS, Lin ML. Naringin Induces ROS-Stimulated G 1 Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39056589 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Naringin, a bioflavonoid compound from grapefruit or citrus, exerts anticancer activities on cervical, thyroid, colon, brain, liver, lung, thyroid, and breast cancers. The present investigation addressed exploring the anticancer effects of naringin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. Naringin exhibits a cytotoxic effect on NPC-TW 039 and NPC-TW 076 cells with IC50 372/328 and 394/307 μM for 24 or 48 h, respectively, while causing little toxicity toward normal gingival epithelial (SG) cells (>500/500 μM). We established that naringin triggered G1 arrest is achieved by suppressing cyclin D1, cyclin A, and CDK2, and upregulating p21 protein in NPC cells. Exposure of NPC cells to naringin caused a series of events leading to apoptosis including morphology change (cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing) and chromatin condensation. Annexin V and PI staining indicated that naringin treatment promotes necrosis and late apoptosis in NPC cells. DiOC6 staining showed a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential by naringin treatment, which was followed with cytochrome c release, Apaf-1/caspase-9/-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and EndoG expression in NPC cells. Naringin upregulated proapoptotic Bax and decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-xL expression, and dysregulated Bax/Bcl-xL ratio in NPC cells. Notably, naringin enhanced death receptor-related t-Bid expression. Furthermore, an increased Ca2+ release by naringin treatment which instigated endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis through increased IRE1, ATF-6, GRP78, GADD153, and caspase-12 expression in NPC cells. In addition, naringin triggers ROS production, and inhibition of naringin-induced ROS generation by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine resulted in the prevention of G1 arrest and apoptosis in NPC cells. Naringin-induced ROS-mediated G1 arrest and mitochondrial-, death receptor-, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis may be a promising strategy for treating NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Yao
- Department of Biomedical Images and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Jyun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ling Yang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Liang Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yin L, Tang H, Qu J, Jia Y, Zhang Q, Wang X. Chemerin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism by changing mitochondrial structure and function associated with androgen/androgen receptor. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E869-E887. [PMID: 38775724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00104.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The adipokine chemerin contributes to exercise-induced improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to confirm the impact of reduced chemerin expression on exercise-induced improvement in glycolipid metabolism in male diabetic (DM) mice through exogenous chemerin administration. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of chemerin involved in changes in muscle mitochondria function mediated by androgen/androgen receptor (AR) was explored by generating adipose-specific and global chemerin knockout (adipo-chemerin-/- and chemerin-/-) mice. DM mice were categorized into the DM, exercised DM (EDM), and EDM + chemerin supplementation groups. Adipo-chemerin-/- and chemerin-/- mice were classified in the sedentary or exercised groups and fed either a normal or high-fat diet. Exercise mice underwent a 6-wk aerobic exercise regimen. The serum testosterone and chemerin levels, glycolipid metabolism indices, mitochondrial function, and protein levels involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics were measured. Notably, exogenous chemerin reversed exercise-induced improvements in glycolipid metabolism, AR protein levels, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial fusion in DM mice. Moreover, adipose-specific chemerin knockout improved glycolipid metabolism, enhanced exercise-induced increases in testosterone and AR levels in exercised mice, and alleviated the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet on mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, and dynamics. Finally, similar improvements in glucose metabolism (but not lipid metabolism), mitochondrial function, and mitochondrial dynamics were observed in chemerin-/- mice. In conclusion, decreased chemerin levels affect exercise-induced improvements in glycolipid metabolism in male mice by increasing mitochondrial number and function, likely through changes in androgen/AR signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Decreased chemerin levels affect exercise-induced improvements in glycolipid metabolism in male mice by increasing mitochondrial number and function, which is likely mediated by androgen/androgen receptor expression. This study is the first to report the regulatory mechanism of chemerin in muscle mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Sport, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtai Tang
- Department of Burns, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jia
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhou R, Song Y, Xu C, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Luo X, Zhao H, Liu M, Xu J, Wang L, Chen Z, Han Q. Altered counts and mitochondrial mass of peripheral blood leucocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18440. [PMID: 38890792 PMCID: PMC11187856 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) damages liver cells through abnormal immune responses. Mitochondrial metabolism is necessary for effector functions of white blood cells (WBCs). The aim was to investigate the altered counts and mitochondrial mass (MM) of WBCs by two novel indicators of mitochondrial mass, MM and percentage of low mitochondrial membrane potential, MMPlow%, due to chronic HBV infection. The counts of lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes in the HBV infection group were in decline, especially for lymphocyte (p = 0.034) and monocyte counts (p = 0.003). The degraded MM (p = 0.003) and MMPlow% (p = 0.002) of lymphocytes and MM (p = 0.005) of monocytes suggested mitochondrial dysfunction of WBCs. HBV DNA within WBCs showed an extensive effect on mitochondria metabolic potential of lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes indicated by MM; hepatitis B e antigen was associated with instant mitochondrial energy supply indicated by MMPlow% of neutrophils; hepatitis B surface antigen, antiviral therapy by nucleos(t)ide analogues and prolonged infection were also vital factors contributing to WBC alterations. Moreover, degraded neutrophils and monocytes could be used to monitor immune responses reflecting chronic liver fibrosis and inflammatory damage. In conclusion, MM combined with cell counts of WBCs could profoundly reflect WBC alterations for monitoring chronic HBV infection. Moreover, HBV DNA within WBCs may be a vital factor in injuring mitochondria metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo‐Ran Zhou
- Medical Center of Soochow UniversitySuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ya‐Hui Song
- Center of Clinical Laboratory and Translational MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Cheng‐Yu Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory and Translational MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ying‐Ying Zhang
- Infectious Disease DepartmentThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiang‐Wei Wu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory and Translational MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory and Translational MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xi‐Ni Luo
- Medical Center of Soochow UniversitySuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhao
- Medical Center of Soochow UniversitySuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Ming Liu
- Infectious Disease DepartmentThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jun‐Chi Xu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of SuzhouSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory and Translational MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zu‐Tao Chen
- Center of Clinical Laboratory and Translational MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Infectious Disease DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Zhen Han
- Medical Center of Soochow UniversitySuzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory and Translational MedicineThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake HospitalSuzhouPeople's Republic of China
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5
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Wu P, Wang X, Yin M, Zhu W, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Shi L, Zhu Q. ULK1 Mediated Autophagy-Promoting Effects of Rutin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Contribute to the Activation of NF-κB Signaling Besides Inhibiting EMT in Hep3B Hepatoma Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:4465-4493. [PMID: 38779103 PMCID: PMC11110815 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer remains to be one of the leading causes of cancer worldwide. The treatment options face several challenges and nanomaterials have proven to improve the bioavailability of several drug candidates and their applications in nanomedicine. Specifically, chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are extremely biodegradable, pose enhanced biocompatibility and are considered safe for use in medicine. Methods CNPs were synthesized by ionic gelation, loaded with rutin (rCNPs) and characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rCNPs were tested for their cytotoxic effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells, and experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of such effects. Further, the biocompatibility of the rCNPs was tested on L929 fibroblasts, and their hemocompatibility was determined. Results Initially, UV-vis and FTIR analyses indicated the possible loading of rutin on rCNPs. Further, the rutin load was quantitatively measured using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and the concentration was 88 µg/mL for 0.22 micron filtered rCNPs. The drug loading capacity (LC%) of the rCNPs was observed to be 13.29 ± 0.68%, and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was 19.55 ± 1.01%. The drug release was pH-responsive as 88.58% of the drug was released after 24 hrs at the lysosomal pH 5.5, whereas 91.44% of the drug was released at physiological pH 7.4 after 102 hrs. The cytotoxic effects were prominent in 0.22 micron filtered samples of 5 mg/mL rutin precursor. The particle size for the rCNPs at this concentration was 144.1 nm and the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.244, which is deemed to be ideal for tumor targeting. A zeta potential (ζ-potential) value of 16.4 mV indicated rCNPs with good stability. The IC50 value for the cytotoxic effects of rCNPs on human hepatoma Hep3B cells was 9.7 ± 0.19 μg/mL of rutin load. In addition, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed. Gene expression studies indicated that the mechanism for cytotoxic effects of rCNPs on Hep3B cells was due to the activation of Unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase (ULK1) mediated autophagy and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling besides inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT). In addition, the rCNPs were less toxic on NCTC clone 929 (L929) fibroblasts in comparison to the Hep3B cells and possessed excellent hemocompatibility (less than 2% of hemolysis). Conclusion The synthesized rCNPs were pH-responsive and possessed the physicochemical properties suitable for tumor targeting. The particles were effectively cytotoxic on Hep3B cells in comparison to normal cells and possessed excellent hemocompatibility. The very low hemolytic profile of rCNPs indicates that the drug could be administered intravenously for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- The People’s Hospital of Rugao, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yin
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longqing Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Leow DMK, Ng YK, Wang LC, Koh HW, Zhao T, Khong ZJ, Tabaglio T, Narayanan G, Giadone RM, Sobota RM, Ng SY, Teo AKK, Parson SH, Rubin LL, Ong WY, Darras BT, Yeo CJ. Hepatocyte-intrinsic SMN deficiency drives metabolic dysfunction and liver steatosis in spinal muscular atrophy. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173702. [PMID: 38722695 PMCID: PMC11178536 DOI: 10.1172/jci173702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is typically characterized as a motor neuron disease, but extra-neuronal phenotypes are present in almost every organ in severely affected patients and animal models. Extra-neuronal phenotypes were previously underappreciated as patients with severe SMA phenotypes usually died in infancy; however, with current treatments for motor neurons increasing patient lifespan, impaired function of peripheral organs may develop into significant future comorbidities and lead to new treatment-modified phenotypes. Fatty liver is seen in SMA animal models , but generalizability to patients and whether this is due to hepatocyte-intrinsic Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein deficiency and/or subsequent to skeletal muscle denervation is unknown. If liver pathology in SMA is SMN-dependent and hepatocyte-intrinsic, this suggests SMN repleting therapies must target extra-neuronal tissues and motor neurons for optimal patient outcome. Here we showed that fatty liver is present in SMA and that SMA patient-specific iHeps were susceptible to steatosis. Using proteomics, functional studies and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we confirmed that fatty liver in SMA is a primary SMN-dependent hepatocyte-intrinsic liver defect associated with mitochondrial and other hepatic metabolism implications. These pathologies require monitoring and indicate need for systematic clinical surveillance and additional and/or combinatorial therapies to ensure continued SMA patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Meng-Kiat Leow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Kai Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Loo Chien Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiromi W.L. Koh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Jian Khong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tommaso Tabaglio
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Richard M. Giadone
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts, USA
| | - Radoslaw M. Sobota
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon H. Parson
- Institute of Education in Healthcare and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Basil T. Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Crystal J.J. Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Education in Healthcare and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhou S. Salidroside induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis to inhibit melanoma progression through reactive oxygen species production. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114034. [PMID: 38588875 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces necroptotic and ferroptosis in melanoma cells. Salidroside (SAL) regulates ROS in normal cells and inhibits melanoma cell proliferation. This study used human malignant melanoma cells treated with SAL either alone or in combination with ROS scavenger (NAC) or ferroptosis inducer (Erastin). Through cell viability, wound healing assays, and a Seahorse analyze found that SAL inhibited cell proliferation, migration, extracellular acidification rate, and oxygen consumption rate. Metabolic flux analysis, complexes I, II, III, and IV activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain assays, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, mitochondrial ROS, and transmission electron microscope revealed that SAL induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ultrastructural damage. Assessment of malondialdehyde, lipid ROS, iron content measurement, and Western blot analysis showed that SAL activated lipid peroxidation and promoted ferroptosis in A-375 cells. These effects were abolished after NAC treatment. Additionally, SAL and Erastin both inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell death; SAL increased the Erastin sensitivity of cells while NAC antagonized it. In xenograft mice, SAL inhibited melanoma growth and promoted ROS-dependent ferroptosis. SAL induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis to block melanoma progression through ROS production, which offers a scientific foundation for conducting SAL pharmacological research in the management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Shengbo Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Wu H, Li N, Peng S, Fu H, Hu Z, Su L. Maresin1 improves hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive function in septic rats by activating the SLC7A11 / GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111792. [PMID: 38484667 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a prevalent complication of sepsis, with hippocampal neuroinflammation playing a crucial role in SAE-induced cognitive impairment. Maresin1 (MaR1), a bioactive docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) metabolite, demonstrates comprehensive anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective attributes. Yet, its protective efficacy against SAE-induced cognitive decline remains unexplored. In this investigation, we implemented a rat SAE model via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), while lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of HT22 cells simulated an in vitro SAE model; both models were pre-treated with MaR1. We evaluated rat learning and memory using a water maze, assessed hippocampal neuron damage via Nissl and FJC staining, and observed mitochondrial alterations through TEM. In vivo and in vitro assays gauged levels of Fe2+, MDA, GSH, and SOD. Additionally, Iba1 expression in the hippocampus was examined via immunofluorescence, while SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels were determined using western blot. Our findings indicated CLP-induced learning and memory impairment in rats, along with heightened ROS, Fe2+, and MDA levels in hippocampal neurons, diminished GSH and SOD levels, and down-regulated ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4 and SLC7A11). Remarkably, MaR1 treatment attenuated these adverse effects. In LPS-stimulated HT22 cells, MaR1 lowered lipid ROS and bolstered mitochondrial membrane potential. Nonetheless, the ferroptosis inducer Erastin reversed MaR1's protective effects. Transwell experiments further showed MaR1's potential to inhibit microglia activation triggered by ferroptosis in HT22 cells. Consequently, MaR1 may mitigate hippocampal neuroinflammation via activating the SLC7A11/GPX4 ferroptosis signaling pathway, thus ameliorating SAE-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Wu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Na Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Zhansheng Hu
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of JinZhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Longxiang Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1st Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.
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Huang N, Chen Z, Yang X, Gao Y, Zhong J, Li Y, Xiao F, Wang X, Shi Y, Zhang N. Upstream open reading frame-encoded MP31 disrupts the mitochondrial quality control process and inhibits tumorigenesis in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1947-1962. [PMID: 37280112 PMCID: PMC10628964 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial hyperpolarization achieved by the elevation of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) activity is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM). Therefore, targeting the MQC process to disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis should be a promising approach for GBM therapy. METHODS We used 2-photon fluorescence microscopy, Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting, and confocal microscopy with specific fluorescent dyes to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial structures. Mitophagic flux was measured with mKeima. RESULTS MP31, a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) uORF-translated and mitochondria-localized micropeptide, disrupted the MQC process and inhibited GBM tumorigenesis. Re-expression of MP31 in patient-derived GBM cells induced MMP loss to trigger mitochondrial fission but blocked mitophagic flux, leading to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria in cells, followed by reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage. Mechanistically, MP31 inhibited lysosome function and blocked lysosome fusion with mitophagosomes by competing with V-ATPase A1 for lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) binding to induce lysosomal alkalinization. Furthermore, MP31 enhanced the sensitivity of GBM cells to TMZ by suppressing protective mitophay in vitro and in vivo, but showed no side effects on normal human astrocytes or microglia cells (MG). CONCLUSIONS MP31 disrupts cancerous mitochondrial homeostasis and sensitizes GBM cells to current chemotherapy, without inducing toxicity in normal human astrocytes and MG. MP31 is a promising candidate for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yixin Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feizhe Xiao
- Department of Scientific Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of the Ministry of Education of China Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Honc O, Novotny J. Methadone Potentiates the Cytotoxicity of Temozolomide by Impairing Calcium Homeostasis and Dysregulation of PARP in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3567. [PMID: 37509230 PMCID: PMC10377588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Methadone is commonly used as an alternative to morphine in patients with pain associated with glioblastoma and other cancers. Although concomitant administration of methadone and cytostatics is relatively common, the effect of methadone on the efficacy of cytostatic drugs has not been well studied until recently. Moreover, the mechanism behind the effect of methadone on temozolomide efficacy has not been investigated in previous studies, or this effect has been automatically attributed to opioid receptors. Our findings indicate that methadone potentiates the effect of temozolomide on rat C6 glioblastoma cells and on human U251 and T98G glioblastoma cells and increases cell mortality by approximately 50% via a mechanism of action independent of opioid receptors. Our data suggest that methadone acts by affecting mitochondrial potential, the level of oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ concentration and possibly intracellular ATP levels. Significant effects were also observed on DNA integrity and on cleavage and expression of the DNA repair protein PARP-1. None of these effects were attributed to the activation of opioid receptors and Toll-like receptor 4. Our results provide an alternative perspective on the mechanism of action of methadone in combination with temozolomide and a potential strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma cell resistance to temozolomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Honc
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Liu Y, Liu S, Huang J, Liu Y, Wang Q, Chen J, Sun L, Tu W. Mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic disorders induced by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance mixtures in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 176:107977. [PMID: 37244004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Several per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been linked to metabolic disorders in organisms. However, few studies have considered their combined effects, which would be more representative of PFAS occurring in the environment. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to a mixture of 18 PFAS at three environmentally relevant concentrations for 5 days to assess their bioconcentration and metabolic consequences. The burdens of ∑PFAS in zebrafish larvae were 0.12, 1.58, and 9.63 mg/kg in the 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L treatment groups, respectively. Exposure to the PFAS mixture accelerated hatching and larval heart rates, increased energy expenditure, and reduced ATP levels and glucose contents due to decreased feed intake and glucose uptake. Metabolomic analysis revealed that exposure to the PFAS mixture enhanced glycolysis but inhibited phospholipid synthesis, and significantly increased the expression of lipid metabolism related genes (srebf1, acox, and pparα), which indicated enhanced β-oxidation. The significant changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial content, and the transcription of genes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (mfn2, ndufs1, atp5fa1, and mt-nd1) and mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription (18rs-rrn, and polg1) suggested that exposure to the PFAS mixture could cause mitochondrial dysfunction and further disrupt glucose and lipid metabolic pathways, ultimately causing metabolic disorders in zebrafish larvae. These findings demonstrate the importance of assessing the metabolic effects of PFAS mixtures on early development in wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; School of New Energy Science and Engineering, Xinyu University, Xinyu 338004, China; Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Jinyuan Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resource and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, College of Land Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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12
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Shen Q, Fang J, Guo H, Su X, Zhu B, Yao X, Wang Y, Cao A, Wang H, Wang L. Astragaloside IV attenuates podocyte apoptosis through ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction by up-regulated Nrf2-ARE/TFAM signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 203:45-57. [PMID: 37030337 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Defective antioxidant system as well as mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated signaling is the central defensive mechanism against oxidative stress and therefore pharmacological activation of Nrf2 is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this study, using molecular docking we found that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), an active ingredient from traditional formula of Huangqi decoction (HQD), exerted a higher potential to promote Nrf2 escape from Keap1-Nrf2 interaction via competitively bind to amino acid sites in Keap1. When podocyte exposed to high glucose (HG) stimulation, mitochondrial morphological alterations and podocyte apoptosis were presented and accompanied by Nrf2 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) downregulation. Mechanistically, HG promoted a decrease in mitochondria-specific electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, ATP synthesis and mtDNA content as well as increased ROS production. Conversely, all these mitochondrial defects were dramatically alleviated by AS-IV, but suppression of Nrf2 with inhibitor or siRNA and TFAM siRNA simultaneously alleviated the AS-IV efficacy. Moreover, experimental diabetic mice exhibited significant renal injury as well as mitochondrial disorder, corresponding with the decreased expression of Nrf2 and TFAM. On the contrary, AS-IV reversed the abnormality and the Nrf2 and TFAM expression were also restored. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate the improvement of AS-IV on mitochondrial function, thereby resistance to oxidative stress-induced diabetic kidney injury and podocyte apoptosis, and the process is closely associated with activation of Nrf2-ARE/TFAM signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengjiang Guo
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xue Su
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingmei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunman Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aili Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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13
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Jia X, Wang L, Chen Y, Ning X, Zhang Z, Xin H, Lv QX, Hou Y, Liu F, Kong L. TiO 2nanotubes induce early mitochondrial fission in BMMSCs and promote osseointegration. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36720171 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acb7bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotopography can promote osseointegration, but how bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) respond to this physical stimulus is unclear. Here, we found that early exposure of BMMSCs to nanotopography (6 h) caused mitochondrial fission rather than fusion, which was necessary for osseointegration. We analyzed the changes in mitochondrial morphology and function of BMMSCs located on the surfaces of NT100 (100 nm nanotubes) and ST (smooth) by super-resolution microscopy and other techniques. Then, we found that both ST and NT100 caused a significant increase in mitochondrial fission early on, but NT100 caused mitochondrial fission much earlier than those on ST. In addition, the mitochondrial functional statuses were good at the 6 h time point, this is at odds with the conventional wisdom that fusion is good. This fission phenomenon adequately protected mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and respiration and reduced reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, the MMP and oxygen consumption rate of BMMSCs were reduced when mitochondrial fission was inhibited by Mdivi-1(Inhibition of dynamin-related protein 1 fission) in the early stage. In addition, the effect on osseointegration was significantly worse, and this effect did not improve with time. Taken together, the findings indicate that early mitochondrial fission plays an important role in nanotopography-mediated promotion of osseointegration, which is of great significance to the surface structure design of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - He Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Xin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
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14
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Yoon Y, Lee H, Federico M, Sheu SS. Non-conventional mitochondrial permeability transition: Its regulation by mitochondrial dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148914. [PMID: 36063902 PMCID: PMC9729414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is a phenomenon that the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) loses its selective permeability, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell injury. Electrophysiological evidence indicates the presence of a mega-channel commonly called permeability transition pore (PTP) whose opening is responsible for MPT. However, the molecular identity of the PTP is still under intensive investigations and debates, although cyclophilin D that is inhibited by cyclosporine A (CsA) is the established regulatory component of the PTP. PTP can also open transiently and functions as a rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ releasing mechanism. Mitochondrial fission and fusion, the main components of mitochondrial dynamics, control the number and size of mitochondria, and have been shown to play a role in regulating MPT directly or indirectly. Studies by us and others have indicated the potential existence of a form of transient MPT that is insensitive to CsA. This "non-conventional" MPT is regulated by mitochondrial dynamics and may serve a protective role possibly by decreasing the susceptibility for a frequent or sustained PTP opening; hence, it may have a therapeutic value in many disease conditions involving MPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisang Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, GA, USA.
| | - Hakjoo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, GA, USA
| | - Marilen Federico
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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15
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Funk RHW, Scholkmann F. The significance of bioelectricity on all levels of organization of an organism. Part 1: From the subcellular level to cells. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:185-201. [PMID: 36481271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectricity plays an essential role in the structural and functional organization of biological organisms. In this first article of our three-part series, we summarize the importance of bioelectricity for the basic structural level of biological organization, i.e. from the subcellular level (charges, ion channels, molecules and cell organelles) to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H W Funk
- Institute of Anatomy, Center for Theoretical Medicine, TU-Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Dresden International University, 01067, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
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17
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Kubo Y, Tanaka K, Masuike Y, Takahashi T, Yamashita K, Makino T, Saito T, Yamamoto K, Tsujimoto T, Harino T, Kurokawa Y, Yamasaki M, Nakajima K, Eguchi H, Doki Y. Low mitochondrial DNA copy number induces chemotherapy resistance via epithelial-mesenchymal transition by DNA methylation in esophageal squamous cancer cells. J Transl Med 2022; 20:383. [PMID: 36038893 PMCID: PMC9422107 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most severe cancers and is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In a previous study, a low mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number was associated with poorer prognosis and induced EMT in ESCC. However, the detailed mechanism related to mtDNA copy number and EMT is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism by which a change in mtDNA copy number contributes to EMT and to examine treatment of chemotherapy resistance in ESCC. Methods The association between low mtDNA copy number and chemotherapy resistance was investigated using specimens from 88 patients who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Then, the mtDNA content of human ESCC cell lines, TE8 and TE11, was depleted by knockdown of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression. The present study focused on modulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA methylation as the mechanisms by which mtDNA copy number affects EMT. mRNA and protein expression, chemotherapy sensitivity, proliferation, MMP and DNA methylation were evaluated, and in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to clarify these mechanisms. Results ESCC patients with decreased mtDNA copy number who underwent R0 resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had significantly worse pathological response and recurrence-free survival. Additionally, low mtDNA copy number was associated with resistance to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. mtDNA controlled MMP, and MMP depolarization induced EMT. Depletion of mtDNA and low MMP induced DNA methylation via a DNA methylation transcription factor (DNMT), and a DNMT inhibitor suppressed EMT and improved chemotherapy sensitivity in mtDNA-depleted ESCC cells, as shown by in vitro and in vivo assays. Conclusion This study showed that decreased mtDNA copy number induced EMT via modulation of MMP and DNA methylation in ESCC. Therapeutic strategies increasing mtDNA copy number and DNMT inhibitors may be effective in preventing EMT and chemosensitivity resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03594-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Harino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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18
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Chang Q, Chen S, Yang T. The GPCR Antagonistic Drug CM-20 Stimulates Mitochondrial Activity in Human RPE Cells. Open Biochem J 2022; 16. [PMID: 36090845 PMCID: PMC9460984 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x-v16-e2206270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a pathogenic factor in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Improvement of mitochondrial function may ameliorate RPE bioenergetics status, which may in turn nourish the retinal photoreceptors against degenerative loss.
Objective:
The purpose of this study is to examine the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonistic drug CM-20 in modulating mitochondrial function in RPE cells.
Methods:
Human-derived ARPE-19 cell line was differentiated to improve RPE morphology. Dose response of CM-20 was performed to examine mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Secondary validation with multiplexed live-cell mitochondrial imaging was performed. Protection of CM-20 to mitochondria against oxidative stress was detected under co-treatment with hydrogen peroxide.
Results:
Treatment with CM-20 elicited a dose-dependent increase of MMP. Multiplexed live-cell mitochondrial imaging showed consistent increase of MMP at an optimal concentration of CM-20 (12.5 µM). MMP was significantly reduced under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and treatment with CM-20 showed rescue effects to MMP.
Conclusion:
CM-20 increases mitochondrial function and protects mitochondria under oxidative stress. As both GPCRs and mitochondria are potential drug targets, retinal neuroprotective testing of CM-20 is warranted in animal models of retinal degeneration.
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19
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Walnut Prevents Cognitive Impairment by Regulating the Synaptic and Mitochondrial Dysfunction via JNK Signaling and Apoptosis Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6 Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165316. [PMID: 36014555 PMCID: PMC9414791 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Juglans regia (walnut, Gimcheon 1ho cultivar, GC) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive dysfunction in C57BL/6 mice. The main physiological compounds of GC were identified as pedunculagin/casuariin isomer, strictinin, tellimagrandin I, ellagic acid-O-pentoside, and ellagic acid were identified using UPLC Q-TOF/MS analysis. To evaluate the neuro-protective effect of GC, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorecein diacetate (DCF-DA) analysis were conducted in H2O2 and high glucose-induced neuronal PC12 cells and hippocampal HT22 cells. GC presented significant cell viability and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. GC ameliorated behavioral and memory dysfunction through Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. In addition, GC reduced white adipose tissue (WAT), liver fat mass, and serum dyslipidemia. To assess the inhibitory effect of antioxidant system deficit, lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were conducted. Administration of GC protected the antioxidant damage against HFD-induced diabetic oxidative stress. To estimate the ameliorating effect of GC, acetylcholine (ACh) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and expression of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were conducted, and the supplements of GC suppressed the cholinergic system impairment. Furthermore, GC restored mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating the mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels in cerebral tissues. Finally, GC ameliorated cerebral damage by synergically regulating the protein expression of the JNK signaling and apoptosis pathway. These findings suggest that GC could provide a potential functional food source to improve diabetic cognitive deficits and neuronal impairments.
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20
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Chen Q, Li N, Wang X, Yang Y, Xiang Y, Long X, Zhang J, Huang J, Chen L, Huang Q. Mitochondria-Targeting Chemodynamic Therapy Nanodrugs for Cancer Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:847048. [PMID: 35222052 PMCID: PMC8866723 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.847048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, as one of the most critical subcellular organelles of cancer cells, are very vulnerable and often on the verge of oxidative stress. The classic chemodynamic therapy (CDT) directly employs endogenous chemical energy to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and destroy tumor cells. However, the effectiveness of CDT is restricted by the limited diffusion distance and short half-life of ROS. From this perspective, the treatment method (mitochondria-targeting chemodynamic therapy nanodrugs, M-CDT nanodrugs) that can generate high levels of ROS at the mitochondrial site is extremely efficient and promising for cancer treatment. Currently, many emerging M-CDT nanodrugs have been demonstrated excellent spatial specificity and anti-cancer efficacy. In this minireview, we review various proof-of-concept researches based on different M-CDT nanodrugs designs to overcome the limits of the efficacy of CDT, mainly divided into four strategies: supplying H2O2, non-H2O2 dependent CDT, eliminating GSH and enhancing by hyperthermia therapy (HT). These well-designed M-CDT nanodrugs greatly increase the efficacy of CDT. Finally, the progress and potential of M-CDT nanodrugs are discussed, as well as their limitations and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Niansheng Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyu Long
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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21
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Bisphenol S exposure induces cytotoxicity in mouse Leydig cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 160:112805. [PMID: 34990787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), an increasingly used alternative to bisphenol A, has been linked to testosterone deficiency and male reproductive dysfunction in laboratory animals. This study aimed to examine the cytotoxicity of BPS exposure to Leydig cells and to investigate its possible mechanisms. After treatment with BPS (100, 200 and 400 μM) for 48 h in vitro, TM3 mouse Leydig cells exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in the viability. Furthermore, BPS challenge triggered oxidative stress manifested by compromised activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase with exaggerated formation of reactive oxygen species. Especially, BPS exposure resulted in augmented mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced ATP generation, along with an altered energy metabolism. Moreover, BPS stimulation enhanced BAX expression and caspase-3 activity and inhibited BCL-2 expression. In addition, BPS-treated TM3 cells showed an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, together with increased Beclin1 and P62 expression and elevated LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio. These results demonstrated that in vitro exposure to BPS exerted cytotoxicity to TM3 Leydig cells through inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, autophagic disturbance and apoptosis.
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22
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Badon IW, Kim C, Lim JM, Duy MK, Vales TP, Kang D, Cho S, Lee J, Kim HJ, Yang J. Mitochondrion-Targeting PEGylated BODIPY Dyes for Near-Infrared Cell Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1196-1209. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-based photosensitizers (AmBXI, X = H, M, Br) featuring a cationic mitochondrion-targeting group and near-infrared (NIR) absorption was synthesized. After extending the photosensitizers’ π–π conjugation via Knoevenagel...
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23
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Bicalutamide Exhibits Potential to Damage Kidney via Destroying Complex I and Affecting Mitochondrial Dynamics. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010135. [PMID: 35011880 PMCID: PMC8745250 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicalutamide (Bic) is an androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for treating prostate cancer, while ADT is potentially associated with acute kidney injury. Previously, we recognized Bic induced renal mitochondria dysfunction in vitro and in vivo via the ROS -HIF1α pathway. Whether OXPHOS complex, as well as mitochondrial dynamics, can be influenced by Bic via modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α (PGC1α), NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), mitofusins 1/2 (MFN 1/2), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), and sirtuins (SIRTs) has not been documented. Renal mesangial cell line was treated with Bic (30~60 μM) for the indicated time. SIRTs, complex I, mitochondrial dynamics- and oxidative stress-related proteins were analyzed. Bic dose-dependently reduced mitochondrial potential, but dose- and time-dependently suppressed translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane member 20 (Tomm 20), complex I activity. Nox4 and glutathione lead to decreased NAD+/NADH ratio, with upregulated superoxide dismutase 2. SIRT1 was initially stimulated and then suppressed, while SIRT3 was time- and dose-dependently downregulated. PGC1α, MFN2, and OPA1 were all upregulated, with MFN1 and pro-fission dynamin-related protein I downregulated. Bic exhibits potential to damage mitochondria via destroying complex I, complex I activity, and mitochondrial dynamics. Long-term treatment with Bic should be carefully followed up.
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24
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Peng X, Wang K, Zhang C, Bao JP, Vlf C, Gao JW, Zhou ZM, Wu XT. The mitochondrial antioxidant SS-31 attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis of nucleus pulposus cells via scavenging mitochondrial ROS and maintaining the stability of mitochondrial dynamics. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:1080-1093. [PMID: 34903138 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2018426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that effects from inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction lead to pyroptosis and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Damaged mitochondria release dangerous molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. SS-31 is a mitochondria-targeting peptide that has been used in the treatment of many diseases by scavenging ROS and ameliorating mitochondrial function. This study found that SS-31 ameliorated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced loss of cell viability, ROS production, and apoptosis in NP cells. Moreover, mitochondrial dynamics and ATP synthesis were restored on pretreatment with SS-31 compared with the LPS group. For the molecular mechanism research, SS-31 stabilized mitochondrial morphology and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. To evaluate whether the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by SS-31 is dependent on the clearance of mitochondrial ROS, we comparatively analyzed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in NP cells pretreated with SS-31 and the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The results indicate that SS-31 could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation by limiting the production of mitochondrial ROS. To sum up, our results revealed that SS-31 inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis, pyroptosis, and inflammation in NP cells via scavenging ROS and maintaining the stability of mitochondrial dynamics, which could be considered a promising therapeutic intervention for disk degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Ping Bao
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cabral Vlf
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Wei Gao
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zhou
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Roayapalley PK, Dimmock JR, Contreras L, Balderrama KS, Aguilera RJ, Sakagami H, Amano S, Sharma RK, Das U. Design, Synthesis and Tumour-Selective Toxicity of Novel 1-[3-{3,5-Bis(benzylidene)-4-oxo-1-piperidino}-3-oxopropyl]-4-piperidone Oximes and Related Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Molecules 2021; 26:7132. [PMID: 34885719 PMCID: PMC8659243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 1-[3-{3,5-bis(benzylidene)-4-oxo-1-piperidino}-3-oxopropyl]-4-piperidone oximes 3a-h and related quaternary ammonium salts 4a-h were prepared as candidate antineoplastic agents. Evaluation against neoplastic Ca9-22, HSC-2 and HSC-4 cells revealed the compounds in series 3 and 4 to be potent cytotoxins with submicromolar CC50 values in virtually all cases. In contrast, the compounds were less cytocidal towards HGF, HPLF and HPC non-malignant cells revealing their tumour-selective toxicity. Quantitative structure-activity relationships revealed that, in general, both cytotoxic potency and selectivity index figures increased as the magnitude of the Hammett sigma values rose. In addition, 3a-h are cytotoxic towards a number of leukemic and colon cancer cells. 4b,c lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential in CEM cells, and 4d induced transient G2/M accumulation in Ca9-22 cells. Five compounds, namely 3c,d and 4c-e, were identified as lead molecules that have drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K. Roayapalley
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (J.R.D.); (U.D.)
| | - Jonathan R. Dimmock
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (J.R.D.); (U.D.)
| | - Lisett Contreras
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (L.C.); (K.S.B.); (R.J.A.)
| | - Karol S. Balderrama
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (L.C.); (K.S.B.); (R.J.A.)
| | - Renato J. Aguilera
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA; (L.C.); (K.S.B.); (R.J.A.)
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Research Institute of Odontology, Meikai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.) (S.A.)
| | - Shigeru Amano
- Research Institute of Odontology, Meikai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan; (H.S.) (S.A.)
| | - Rajendra K. Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Umashankar Das
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (J.R.D.); (U.D.)
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26
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Nagano T, Awai Y, Kuwaba S, Osumi T, Mio K, Iwasaki T, Kamada S. Riboflavin transporter SLC52A1, a target of p53, suppresses cellular senescence by activating mitochondrial complex II. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:br10. [PMID: 34524871 PMCID: PMC8693961 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-05-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a state of permanent proliferative arrest induced by a variety of stresses, such as DNA damage. The transcriptional activity of p53 has been known to be essential for senescence induction. It remains unknown, however, whether among the downstream genes of p53, there is a gene that has antisenescence function. Our recent studies have indicated that the expression of SLC52A1 (also known as GPR172B/RFVT1), a riboflavin transporter, is up-regulated specifically in senescent cells depending on p53, but the relationship between senescence and SLC52A1 or riboflavin has not been described. Here, we examined the role of SLC52A1 in senescence. We found that knockdown of SLC52A1 promoted senescence phenotypes induced by DNA damage in tumor and normal cells. The senescence suppressive action of SLC52A1 was dependent on its riboflavin transport activity. Furthermore, elevation of intracellular riboflavin led to activation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) mediated by the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex II. Finally, the SLC52A1-dependent activation of MMP inhibited the AMPK-p53 pathway, a central mediator of mitochondria dysfunction–related senescence. These results suggest that SLC52A1 contributes to suppress senescence through the uptake of riboflavin and acts downstream of p53 as a negative feedback mechanism to limit aberrant senescence induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nagano
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Awai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shione Kuwaba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Taiichi Osumi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mio
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamada
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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27
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Finelli R, Leisegang K, Kandil H, Agarwal A. Oxidative Stress: A Comprehensive Review of Biochemical, Molecular, and Genetic Aspects in the Pathogenesis and Management of Varicocele. World J Mens Health 2021; 40:87-103. [PMID: 34666421 PMCID: PMC8761243 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a condition due to an imbalance between the concentrations of oxidants and antioxidants, and it is a well-recognized contributor in several male infertility conditions. Varicocele, a common vascular condition, may cause male infertility due to hyperthermia, hypoxia and/or exposure to toxic adrenal and renal metabolites. In this review, the mechanisms by which oxidative stress can affect cellular integrity and functions are described, along with molecular markers of cellular oxidative damage, and the most commonly performed techniques for their detection in seminal fluid. Moreover, we focus on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of varicocele based on recently published evidence from omics based studies, such as proteomics and genomics. Finally, we discuss strategies for the management of oxidative stress and the clinical guidelines for testing oxidative stress-related sperm DNA fragmentation in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Finelli
- Department of Urology, American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hussein Kandil
- Fakih IVF Fertility Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Department of Urology, American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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28
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: Implications for the Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5188306. [PMID: 34354793 PMCID: PMC8331273 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5188306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable for energy metabolism and cell signaling. Mitochondrial homeostasis is sustained with stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential, balance of mitochondrial calcium, integrity of mitochondrial DNA, and timely clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is featured by increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial calcium imbalance, mitochondrial DNA damage, and abnormal mitophagy. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysregulation causes oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, apoptosis, senescence, and metabolic reprogramming. All these cellular processes participate in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and asthma. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and updated overview of the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on cellular processes involved in the development of these respiratory diseases. This not only implicates mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction for the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases but also provides potential therapeutic approaches for these diseases by targeting dysfunctional mitochondria.
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29
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You LJ, Geng H, Yang XF, Wei GL, Zhu YD, Ge GB, Lei M, Wang DD. The comparison analysis of polyphyllin I and its analogues induced apoptosis of colon and lung cancer cells via mitochondrial dysfunction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 129:15-25. [PMID: 33915023 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyphyllin I (PPI) and its analogues, including polyphyllin II (PPII), polyphyllin VI (PPVI) and polyphyllin VII (PPVII), are major bioactive compounds isolated from the Chinese herb Chonglou. However, the susceptibilities of PPI and its analogues towards the different cell lines are diversified and the mechanisms are not fully clarified. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of PPI and its analogues on two different cell lines, as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms of these agents via inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. The results showed that PPI and its analogues were cytotoxic agents towards both A549 and HT-29 cells, with IC50 values ranged from 1.0 to 4.5 μmol/L. Further investigations demonstrated that they decreased the mitochondrial membrane potentials of both A549 and HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Among all tested compounds, PPVI and PPI induced the most obvious changes in Ca2+ haemostasis in these two cell lines. In addition, they could induce the accumulation of ROS in cells and down-regulated the Bcl-2 expression, up-regulated the Bax expression and induced the activity of cleaved caspase-3 in cells. Collectively, our findings clearly demonstrated the cytotoxic differences and mechanisms of PPI and its analogues induced cell apoptosis and could partially explain the anticancer effects of these natural constituents in Chonglou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jiao You
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Geng
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yang
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Lin Wei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Di Zhu
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Brito MM, Angrimani DDSR, Rui BR, Kawai GKV, Losano JDA, Vannucchi CI. Effect of senescence on morphological, functional and oxidative features of fresh and cryopreserved canine sperm. Aging Male 2020; 23:279-286. [PMID: 29993302 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1487931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research aimed to compare the hormonal profile, sperm quality and freezability of young and senile dogs. Dogs were assigned into Young Group (n = 11) and Senile Group (n = 11), additionally divided into Fresh Semen Group and Cryopreserved Semen Group. Males were evaluated for libido score and blood estrogen and testosterone assay. Sperm morphofunctional evaluations were performed based on Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis, morphology, mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity, and DNA fragmentation. Sperm oxidative features were: protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and production of advanced glycation end-products. Young dogs had higher libido score, sperm velocity average pathway, linearity of motility and mitochondrial activity index and lower percentage of major defects, total defects and proximal cytoplasmic droplet, despite the lack of difference between hormone profile of aged dogs. Fresh semen of senile dogs had increased percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential compared to young dogs and to cryopreserved sperm. Cryopreserved semen of young dogs had higher acrosomal membrane integrity compared to the Senile Group. In conclusion, sperm of aged dogs have reduced quality, signaled by higher morphological defects, ultimately altering sperm mitochondrial function and sperm kinetics. Furthermore, spermatozoa from senile dogs are more sensible to cryoinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Morales Brito
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rogério Rui
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Diego Agostini Losano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Infantosi Vannucchi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Liu X, Jiao W, Du Y, Chen Q, Su Z, Fu M. Chlorine Dioxide Controls Green Mold Caused by Penicillium digitatum in Citrus Fruits and the Mechanism Involved. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13897-13905. [PMID: 33146520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum is the main postharvest disease in citrus fruits. The goal of this study is to evaluate the antifungal activity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) against P. digitatum both in vivo and in vitro and to elucidate the underlying mechanism using flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that 200-1800 mg/L of ClO2 significantly inhibited the incidence of green mold on kumquats, mandarins, Peru's oranges, and grapefruits caused by P. digitatum. Additionally, 200 mg/L of ClO2 significantly induced cell apoptosis of P. digitatum by increasing the fluorescence intensity of the mitochondrial membrane potential from 118 to 1225 and decreased the living cell rate from 96.8 to 6.1%. Further study demonstrated that the content of malondialdehyde and nucleic acid leakage (OD260) of P. digitatum markedly increased, and the mycelial morphology was seriously damaged with increased ClO2 concentration. These results indicated that ClO2 could inhibit fungal growth by destroying the membrane integrity of P. digitatum, and the use of ClO2 may be an alternative strategy to control green mold in postharvest citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Jiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Yamin Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Qingmin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Zhengbo Su
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - Maorun Fu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
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32
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Catalán M, Olmedo I, Faúndez J, Jara JA. Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Mitochondria: From New Vehicles and Pharmacophore Groups to Old Drugs with Mitochondrial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8684. [PMID: 33217901 PMCID: PMC7698797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in tumor cell mitochondria as a pharmacological target has been rekindled in recent years. This attention is due in part to new publications documenting heterogenous characteristics of solid tumors, including anoxic and hypoxic zones that foster cellular populations with differentiating metabolic characteristics. These populations include tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells, which have a strong capacity to adapt to reduced oxygen availability, switching rapidly between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as sources of energy and metabolites. Additionally, this cell subpopulation shows high chemo- and radioresistance and a high capacity for tumor repopulation. Interestingly, it has been shown that inhibiting mitochondrial function in tumor cells affects glycolysis pathways, cell bioenergy, and cell viability. Therefore, mitochondrial inhibition may be a viable strategy for eradicating cancer stem cells. In this context, medicinal chemistry research over the last decade has synthesized and characterized "vehicles" capable of transporting novel or existing pharmacophores to mitochondrial tumor cells, based on mechanisms that exploit the physicochemical properties of the vehicles and the inherent properties of the mitochondria. The pharmacophores, some of which have been isolated from plants and others, which were synthesized in the lab, are diverse in chemical nature. Some of these molecules are active, while others are prodrugs that have been evaluated alone or linked to mitochondria-targeted agents. Finally, researchers have recently described drugs with well-proven safety and efficacy that may exert a mitochondria-specific inhibitory effect in tumor cells through noncanonical mechanisms. The effectiveness of these molecules may be improved by linking them to mitochondrial carrier molecules. These promising pharmacological agents should be evaluated alone and in combination with classic chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Catalán
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Jennifer Faúndez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - José A. Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
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33
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The Synthetic Cannabinoids THJ-2201 and 5F-PB22 Enhance In Vitro CB 1 Receptor-Mediated Neuronal Differentiation at Biologically Relevant Concentrations. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176277. [PMID: 32872617 PMCID: PMC7503567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recreational use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) before and during pregnancy poses a major public health risk, due to the potential onset of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Herein, we report the assessment of the neurotoxic potential of two commonly abused SCs, THJ-2201 and 5F-PB22, particularly focusing on how they affect neuronal differentiation in vitro. Differentiation ratios, total neurite length, and neuronal marker expression were assessed in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells exposed to the SCs at non-toxic, biologically relevant concentrations (≤1 μM), either in acute or repeated exposure settings. Both SCs enhanced differentiation ratios and total neurite length of NG108-15 cells near two-fold compared to vehicle-treated cells, in a CB1R activation-dependent way, as the CB1R blockade with a specific antagonist (SR141718) abrogated SC-induced effects. Interestingly, repeated 5F-PB22 exposure was required to reach effects similar to a single THJ-2201 dose. Cell viability and proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and intracellular ATP levels were also determined. The tested SCs increased mitochondrial tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) accumulation after 24 h at biologically relevant concentrations but did not affect any of the other toxicological parameters. Overall, we report firsthand the CB1R-mediated enhancement of neurodifferentiation by 5F-PB22 and THJ-2201 at biologically relevant concentrations.
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34
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Gallyas Jr. F, Sumegi B. Mitochondrial Protection by PARP Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082767. [PMID: 32316192 PMCID: PMC7215481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the nuclear DNA damage sensor and signalling enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have recently been introduced in the therapy of cancers deficient in double-strand DNA break repair systems, and ongoing clinical trials aim to extend their use from other forms of cancer non-responsive to conventional treatments. Additionally, PARP inhibitors were suggested to be repurposed for oxidative stress-associated non-oncological diseases resulting in a devastating outcome, or requiring acute treatment. Their well-documented mitochondria- and cytoprotective effects form the basis of PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic use for non-oncological diseases, yet can limit their efficacy in the treatment of cancers. A better understanding of the processes involved in their protective effects may improve the PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in the non-oncological indications. To this end, we endeavoured to summarise the basic features regarding mitochondrial structure and function, review the major PARP activation-induced cellular processes leading to mitochondrial damage, and discuss the role of PARP inhibition-mediated mitochondrial protection in several oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Gallyas Jr.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-278
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
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35
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Zimmerman MA, Wilkison S, Qi Q, Chen G, Li PA. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to Rapamycin-induced apoptosis of Human Glioblastoma Cells - A synergistic effect with Temozolomide. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2831-2843. [PMID: 33162811 PMCID: PMC7645350 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.40159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is upregulated in a high percentage of glioblastomas. While a well-known mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, has been shown to reduce glioblastoma survival, the role of mitochondria in achieving this therapeutic effect is less well known. Here, we examined mitochondrial dysfunction mechanisms that occur with the suppression of mTOR signaling. We found that, along with increased apoptosis, and a reduction in transformative potential, rapamycin treatment significantly affected mitochondrial health. Specifically, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and altered mitochondrial dynamics were observed. Furthermore, we verified the therapeutic potential of rapamycin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through co-treatment with temzolomide (TMZ), the current standard of care for glioblastoma. Together these results demonstrate that the mitochondria remain a promising target for therapeutic intervention against human glioblastoma and that TMZ and rapamycin have a synergistic effect in suppressing glioblastoma viability, enhancing ROS production, and depolarizing MMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Zimmerman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA
| | - Samantha Wilkison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Guisheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Biotechnology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
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36
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Karaman O, Almammadov T, Emre Gedik M, Gunaydin G, Kolemen S, Gunbas G. Mitochondria-Targeting Selenophene-Modified BODIPY-Based Photosensitizers for the Treatment of Hypoxic Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1879-1886. [PMID: 31663667 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two red-absorbing, water-soluble and mitochondria (MT)-targeting selenophene-substituted BODIPY-based photosensitizers (PSs) were realized (BOD-Se, BOD-Se-I), and their potential as photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents were evaluated. BOD-Se-I showed higher 1 O2 generation yield thanks to the enhanced heavy-atom effect, and this derivative was further tested in detail in cell culture studies under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. BOD-Se-I not only effectively functioned under hypoxic conditions, but also showed highly selective photocytotoxicity towards cancer cells. The selectivity is believed to arise from differences in mitochondrial membrane potentials of healthy and cancerous cells. To the best of our knowledge, this marks the first example of a MT-targeted BODIPY PS that functions under hypoxic conditions. Remarkably, thanks to the design strategy, all these properties where realized by a compound that was synthesized in only five steps with 32 % overall yield. Hence, this material holds great promise for the realization of next-generation PDT drugs for the treatment of hypoxic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Karaman
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safacan Kolemen
- Department of Chemistry, Koc University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University (KU), Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Gunbas
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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37
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Chen H, Wang J, Feng X, Zhu M, Hoffmann S, Hsu A, Qian K, Huang D, Zhao F, Liu W, Zhang H, Cheng Z. Mitochondria-targeting fluorescent molecules for high efficiency cancer growth inhibition and imaging. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7946-7951. [PMID: 31853349 PMCID: PMC6836573 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent mitochondria-accumulating delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) for cancer therapy have drawn significant attention in the field of cancer theranostics. One of the most promising fluorescent DLCs, F16, can selectively trigger the apoptosis and necrosis of cancer cells, making it an attractive targeted theranostic drug candidate. However, it suffers from low clinical translation potential, largely due to its inefficient anti-cancer activity (IC50 in the μM range) and poorly understood structure-activity relationship (SAR). In this report, eleven indole-ring substituted F16 derivatives (F16s) were synthesized. Among these derivatives, 5BMF was identified as a highly effective theranostic agent, with in vitro studies showing a low IC50 of ∼50 nM (to H2228 cells) and high cancer to normal cell selectivity index of 225. In vivo studies revealed that tumors treated with 5BMF were significantly suppressed (almost no growth over the treatment period) compared to the PBS treated control group, and also no obvious toxicity to mice was found. In addition, the tumor imaging capability of 5BMF was demonstrated by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Finally, we report for the first time a proposed SAR for F16 DLCs. Our work lays down a solid foundation for translating 5BMF into a novel and highly promising DLC for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Radiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China .
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 201203 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China .
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Xin Feng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
- The College of Veterinary Medicine , Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China
| | - Mark Zhu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Simon Hoffmann
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Alex Hsu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Kun Qian
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Daijuan Huang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Feng Zhao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China .
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , 130021 , China .
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) , Bio-X Program , Department of Radiology , Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection , Stanford University , California 94305-5344 , USA .
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38
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Salimi A, Pirhadi R, Jamali Z, Ramazani M, Yousefsani BS, Pourahmad J. Mitochondrial and lysosomal protective agents ameliorate cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide and methotrexate in human blood lymphocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1266-1274. [PMID: 31446784 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119871096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) and methotrexate (MTX) have been evaluated for their ability to induce toxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the protective role of mitochondrial and lysosomal stabilizing agents. The potential toxicity effects of CYP and MTX were measured in vitro by cellular parameters assays such as cellular viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)) collapse, lysosomal membrane damage, intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), extracellular oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and lipid peroxidation. Separately, human lymphocytes were treated with concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 ng/mL for CYP and 1, 2, 5, and 10 µg/mL for MTX for 6 h. Statistical evaluations showed that CYP and MTX significantly decreased the cell viability at the three highest concentrations when compared with both the negative and solvent controls. In addition, CYP and MTX were significantly induced ROS formation, MMP collapse, lysosomal membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and GSH depletion compared with the controls. Mitochondrial and lysosomal protective agents like cyclosporine A and chloroquine, respectively, decreased cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by CYP and MTX. The present results indicate that CYP and MTX are toxic to human PBLs and their toxicity could be ameliorated by mitochondrial and lysosomal protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - R Pirhadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Jamali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - M Ramazani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B S Yousefsani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Pourahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Boussada M, Dias TR, Crisóstomo L, Akacha AB, Ali RB, El May MV, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. A new thiocyanoacetamide (2-cyano-2-p-nitrophenyl-N-benzylthioamide) reduces doxorubicin-induced in vitro toxicity in Sertoli cells by decreasing apoptosis and autophagy. Theriogenology 2019; 140:188-200. [PMID: 31479835 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite conflicting data on doxorubicin (DOX) reproductive toxicity, its chemotherapeutic potential sustains its use to treat different types of cancer. This work was designed to study the protective effect of a newly synthesized thiocyanoacetamide (TA), in comparison with selenium (Se), against doxorubicin-induced in vitro toxicity in rat Sertoli cells (SCs). DOX was administered alone or in combination with Se or TA. The possible protective role of increased concentrations of TA (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mM) or Se (12, 25 and 50 μM) on SCs was tested against 1 μM of DOX. From this screening, only the least toxic doses of TA and Se were used for further analysis. DOX cytotoxicity, as well as its impact on SCs viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), oxidative stress biomarkers, apoptosis and autophagy were assessed. Our results showed that DOX exerted its cytotoxic effect through a significant increase in cell death. DOX-mediated cell death was not related to autophagy nor to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species. It was rather due to apoptosis, as shown by the increased number of apoptotic cells and increased activity of caspase-3, or due to necrosis, as shown by the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) extracellular activity. Still, Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression levels, as well as ΔΨm were not altered by the different treatments. Some individual doses of Se or TA induced a significant toxicity in SCs, however, when combined with DOX, there was a decrease in cell death, LDH extracellular activity, number of apoptotic cells and caspase-3 activity. Overall, our results indicate that DOX-mediated apoptosis in cultured SCs can possibly be averted through its association with specific doses of Se or TA. Nevertheless, TA showed a higher efficiency than Se in reducing DOX-induced toxicity in SCs by decreasing not only apoptosis, but also necrosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Boussada
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Tânia R Dias
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; Universidade da Beira Interior, R. Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE - Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Crisóstomo
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Azaiez B Akacha
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Heterocyclic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ridha B Ali
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Michèle V El May
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Research Unit N°17/ES/13, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Jabbari Jebel Lakhdar Street 15, 1007, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-013, Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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40
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Zheng X, Lei B, Lin Y, Sui M, Zhang M, Zhuang Z, Dong J, Jin D, Yan T. Long noncoding RNA MEG3 silencing protects against hypoxia‐induced pheochromocytoma‐12 cell injury through inhibition of TIMP2 promoter methylation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1649-1662. [PMID: 31392726 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu‐Yuan Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Bing‐Xi Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yang‐Yang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Ming‐Hong Sui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital (The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen) Shenzhen University Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Ma‐Lan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Jun‐Tao Dong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Dong‐Mei Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
| | - Tie‐Bin Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou P.R. China
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41
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Rumora AE, LoGrasso G, Hayes JM, Mendelson FE, Tabbey MA, Haidar JA, Lentz SI, Feldman EL. The Divergent Roles of Dietary Saturated and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids on Nerve Function in Murine Models of Obesity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3770-3781. [PMID: 30886017 PMCID: PMC6510336 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3173-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathy is the most common complication of prediabetes and diabetes and presents as distal-to-proximal loss of peripheral nerve function in the lower extremities. Neuropathy progression and disease severity in prediabetes and diabetes correlates with dyslipidemia in man and murine models of disease. Dyslipidemia is characterized by elevated levels of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) that associate with the progression of neuropathy. Increased intake of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diets confers metabolic health benefits; however, the impact of fatty acid saturation in neuropathy is unknown. This study examines the differential effect of SFAs and MUFAs on the development of neuropathy and the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the complication. Male mice Mus musculus fed a high-fat diet rich in SFAs developed robust peripheral neuropathy. This neuropathy was completely reversed by switching the mice from the SFA-rich high-fat diet to a MUFA-rich high-fat diet; nerve conduction velocities and intraepidermal nerve fiber density were restored. A MUFA oleate also prevented the impairment of mitochondrial transport and protected mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured sensory neurons treated with mixtures of oleate and the SFA palmitate. Moreover, oleate also preserved intracellular ATP levels, prevented apoptosis induced by palmitate treatment, and promoted lipid droplet formation in sensory neurons, suggesting that lipid droplets protect sensory neurons from lipotoxicity. Together, these results suggest that MUFAs reverse the progression of neuropathy by protecting mitochondrial function and transport through the formation of intracellular lipid droplets in sensory neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is a global epidemic of prediabetes and diabetes, disorders that represent a continuum of metabolic disturbances in lipid and glucose metabolism. In the United States, 80 million individuals have prediabetes and 30 million have diabetes. Neuropathy is the most common complication of both disorders, carries a high morbidity, and, despite its prevalence, has no treatments. We report that dietary intervention with monounsaturated fatty acids reverses the progression of neuropathy and restores nerve function in high-fat diet-fed murine models of peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, the addition of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate to sensory neurons cultured under diabetic conditions shows that oleate prevents impairment of mitochondrial transport and mitochondrial dysfunction through a mechanism involving formation of axonal lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen I Lentz
- Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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42
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BA6 Induces Apoptosis via Stimulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibition of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Human Lung Cancer Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6342104. [PMID: 31205586 PMCID: PMC6530211 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6342104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world, with a five-year survival rate of less than 30%. Clinically effective chemotherapeutic treatments at the initial stage may eventually face the dilemma of no drug being effective due to drug resistance; therefore, finding new effective drugs for lung cancer treatment is a necessary and important issue. Compounds capable of further increasing the oxidative stress of cancer cells are considered to have anticancer potential because they possessed the ability to induce apoptosis. This study mainly investigated the effects of BA6 (heteronemin), the marine sponge sesterterpene, on lung cancer cell apoptosis, via modulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). BA6 has cellular cytotoxic activities against a variety of cancer cell lines, but it has no effect on nontumor cells. The BA6-treated lung cancer cells show a significant increase in both cellular ROS and mtROS, which in turn caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The increase of oxidative stress in lung cancer cells treated with BA6 was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn SOD, MnSOD, and catalase. In addition, OXPHOS performed in the mitochondria and glycolysis in the cytoplasm were inhibited, which subsequently reduced downstream ATP production. Pretreatment with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO reduced BA6-induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway, which was accompanied by increased cell viability, decreased mtROS, enhanced MMP, and suppressed expression of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins. In conclusion, the results of this study clarify the mechanism of BA6-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, suggesting that it is a potentially innovative alternative to the treatment of human lung cancer.
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43
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Czupiel PP, Delplace V, Shoichet MS. Cationic block amphiphiles show anti-mitochondrial activity in multi-drug resistant breast cancer cells. J Control Release 2019; 305:210-219. [PMID: 31071370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there are limited treatment options for multi-drug resistant breast cancer. Lipid-modified cationic peptides have the potential to reach the mitochondria, which are attractive targets for the treatment of multi-drug resistant (MDR) breast cancer; yet, little is known about their mitochondrial targeting and anti-cancer activity. Interestingly, lipid-modified cationic peptides, typically used as gene transfection agents, exhibit similar structural features to mitochondrial targeted peptides. Using octahistidine-octaarginine (H8R8) as a model cationic peptide for cell penetration and endosomal escape, we explored the anti-cancer potential of lipid-modified cationic peptides as a function of amphiphilicity, biodegradability and lipid structure. We found that cationic peptides modified with a lipid that is at least 12 carbons in length exhibit potent anti-cancer activity in the low micromolar range in both EMT6/P and EMT6/AR-1 breast cancer cells. Comparing degradable and non-degradable linkers, as well as L- and D-amino acid sequences, we found that the anti-cancer activity is mostly independent of the biodegradation of the lipid-modified cationic peptides. Two candidates, stearyl-H8R8 (Str-H8R8) and vitamin E succinate-H8R8 (VES-H8R8) were cytotoxic to cancer cells by mitochondria depolarization. We observed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduced cell bioenergetics and drug efflux, triggering apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest. Compared to Str-H8R8, VES-H8R8 showed enhanced cancer cell selectivity and drug efflux inhibition, thereby serving as a potential novel therapeutic agent. This study deepens our understanding of lipid-modified cationic peptides and uncovers their potential in multi-drug resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro P Czupiel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Vianney Delplace
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
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44
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The bovine herpesvirus-1 major tegument protein, VP8, interacts with host HSP60 concomitant with deregulation of mitochondrial function. Virus Res 2018; 261:37-49. [PMID: 30550895 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The UL47 gene product, VP8, is a major tegument protein of BoHV-1. While VP8 is not essential for virus replication in cell culture, a UL47-deleted virus exhibits a smaller tegument structure and is avirulent in cattle. To obtain pure VP8 protein for structural analysis, we expressed a N-terminally truncated version of VP8 in Eschericia coli. However, the recombinant VP8 was consistently co-purified with a tightly associated bacterial protein; this protein was identified by mass spectrometry as GroEL, which has considerable homology with mammalian heat shock protein-60 (HSP60), thus suggesting a new role for VP8 in virus-host interaction. A physical interaction of HSP60 and VP8 in both VP8-transfected and BoHV-1-infected cells was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. Analysis of different truncated VP8 constructs revealed that amino acids 259-482 and 632-741 are involved in binding to HSP60. Full-length VP8 and VP8 219-741 (containing both interacting domains, 259-482 and 632-741) co-localized with HSP60 and mitochondria. VP8 was localized in the mitochondria from 2 to 14 h post infection in BoHV-1-infected cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced in both VP8-transfected and BoHV-1-infected cells and was further diminished by overexpression of HSP60 in the presence of VP8. In addition, VP8 expression decreased the ATP concentration during transfection, as well as BoHV-1 infection. Thus, VP8 may play a role in the deregulation of mitochondrial function through interaction with HSP60. This is consistent with the fact that BoHV-1 infection is known to promote mitochondrial dysfunction.
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45
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Stevens JF, Revel JS, Maier CS. Mitochondria-Centric Review of Polyphenol Bioactivity in Cancer Models. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1589-1611. [PMID: 29084444 PMCID: PMC6207154 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Humans are exposed daily to polyphenols in milligram-to-gram amounts through dietary consumption of fruits and vegetables. Polyphenols are also available as components of dietary supplements for improving general health. Although polyphenols are often advertised as antioxidants to explain health benefits, experimental evidence shows that their beneficial cancer preventing and controlling properties are more likely due to stimulation of pro-oxidant and proapoptotic pathways. Recent Advances: The understanding of the biological differences between cancer and normal cell, and especially the role that mitochondria play in carcinogenesis, has greatly advanced in recent years. These advances have resulted in a wealth of new information on polyphenol bioactivity in cell culture and animal models of cancer. Polyphenols appear to target oxidative phosphorylation and regulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glycolysis, pro-oxidant pathways, and antioxidant (adaptive) stress responses with greater selectivity in tumorigenic cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of polyphenols to dissipate the MMP (Δψm) by a protonophore mechanism has been known for more than 50 years. However, researchers focus primarily on the downstream molecular effects of Δψm dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling. We argue that the physicochemical properties of polyphenols are responsible for their anticancer properties by virtue of their protonophoric and pro-oxidant properties rather than their specific effects on downstream molecular targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Polyphenol-induced dissipation of Δψm is a physicochemical process that cancer cells cannot develop resistance against by gene mutation. Therefore, polyphenols should receive more attention as agents for cotherapy with cancer drugs to gain synergistic activity. Antioxid. Redox Signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Johana S. Revel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Claudia S. Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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46
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Lima DBC, da Silva LDM, Comizzoli P. Influence of warming and reanimation conditions on seminiferous tubule morphology, mitochondrial activity, and cell composition of vitrified testicular tissues in the domestic cat model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207317. [PMID: 30408126 PMCID: PMC6224116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding critical roles of warming and reanimation is critical to improve the survival of vitrified testicular tissue in domestic cats. The objective was to study structural and functional properties of testicular tissues from prepubertal domestic cats after standard vitrification followed by two warming protocols (directly at 37°C or with a 5-second pre-exposure to 50°C) and three reanimation time points (immediately, 24 h and 5 days post-warming). In Experiment 1, tissues were evaluated for histo-morphology and mitochondrial activity immediately or 24 h after warming protocols. In Experiment 2, cell viability, DNA fragmentation, and germ cell composition were assessed immediately, 24 h, or 5 days after optimal warming. Preservation of seminiferous tubule structure was better using warming at 50°C for five seconds, and survival of somatic as well as germinal cells was higher compared to direct warming at 37°C for one minute. Short term in vitro culture (for reanimation) also proved that cellular composition and functionality were better preserved when warmed for a short time at 50°C. Collective data showed that short warming at 50°C led to better quality of seminiferous tubule structure and cell composition after vitrification and short-term culture. In addition, data suggest clear directions to further understand and optimize testicular tissue survival after fertility preservation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baruc Cruvinel Lima
- Laboratory of Carnivore Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (Universidade Estadual do Ceará, UECE), CEP, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silva
- Laboratory of Carnivore Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (Universidade Estadual do Ceará, UECE), CEP, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Bioenergetics of life, disease and death phenomena. Theory Biosci 2018; 137:155-168. [PMID: 29992378 PMCID: PMC6208829 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-018-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this article, some new aspects of unified cell bioenergetics are presented. From the perspective of unified cell bioenergetics certain subsequent stages of cancer development, from initiation stage, through transformation to metastasis, are analyzed. Here we show that after transformation, cancer cells are permanently exposed to reactive oxygen species, that causes continual random DNA mutations and as a result genome and chromosomal destabilizations. The modern cancer attractor hypothesis has been extended in explaining cancer development. Discussion is conducted in light of current cancerogenesis research, including bioenergetic cancer initiation, the somatic mutation theory and the tissue organization field theory. In the article reasons complicating the discovery of patterns of cancer genome changes and cancer evolution are presented. In addition certain cancer therapeutic aspects are given attention to.
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48
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Korogod SM, Cymbalyuk GS, Makedonsky IA, Kulagina IB. Hypoxic Depression of Pacemaker Activity of Interstitial Cells of Cajal: A Threat of Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Necrosis. A Simulation Study. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-018-9720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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49
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Lee GY, You DG, Lee HR, Hwang SW, Lee CJ, Yoo YD. Romo1 is a mitochondrial nonselective cation channel with viroporin-like characteristics. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2059-2071. [PMID: 29545371 PMCID: PMC5987721 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Romo1 regulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and acts as an essential redox sensor in mitochondrial dynamics. Lee et al. demonstrate that Romo1 is a unique mitochondrial ion channel with viroporin-like characteristics that distinguish Romo1 from other known eukaryotic ion channels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator 1 (Romo1) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial inner membrane protein known to regulate mitochondrial ROS production and to act as an essential redox sensor in mitochondrial dynamics. Although its physiological roles have been studied for a decade, the biophysical mechanisms that explain these activities of Romo1 are unclear. In this study, we report that Romo1 is a unique mitochondrial ion channel that differs from currently identified eukaryotic ion channels. Romo1 is a highly conserved protein with structural features of class II viroporins, which are virus-encoded nonselective cation channels. Indeed, Romo1 forms a nonselective cation channel with its amphipathic helical transmembrane domain necessary for pore-forming activity. Notably, channel activity was specifically inhibited by Fe2+ ions, an essential transition metal ion in ROS metabolism. Using structural bioinformatics, we designed an experimental data–guided structural model of Romo1 with a rational hexameric structure. We propose that Romo1 establishes a new category of viroporin-like nonselective cation channel in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Young Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Gyun You
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ra Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology Graduate School of Convergence Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Yoo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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50
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Qiu T, Shen X, Tian Z, Huang R, Li X, Wang J, Wang R, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Lei H, Zhang H. IgY Reduces AFB 1-Induced Cytotoxicity, Cellular Dysfunction, and Genotoxicity in Human L-02 Hepatocytes and Swan 71 Trophoblasts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1543-1550. [PMID: 29325416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes hepatotoxic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic effects in a variety of species. Although various neutralizing agents of AFB1 toxicity have been studied, the egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) detoxification of small molecular toxins and the mechanisms underlying such effects have not yet been reported. In this investigation, anti-AFB1 IgY against AFB1 was successfully raised, and a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established with a sensitive half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50, 2.4 ng/mL) and dynamic working range (0.13-43.0 ng/mL). The anti-AFB1 IgY obtained reduced AFB1-induced cytotoxicity, cellular dysfunction, and genotoxicity by protecting cells against apoptotic body formation and DNA strand breaks, preventing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, reducing AFB1-DNA adduct and reactive oxygen species production and maintaining cell migration and invasion and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Anti-AFB1 IgY significantly inhibited the AFB1-induced expression of proteins related to antioxidative, pro-apoptotic, and antiapoptotic processes in a strong dose-dependent manner. These experiments demonstrated that the anti-AFB1 IgY-bound AFB1 could not enter cells. This is the first time that IgY has been found to reduce the effects of small molecular toxins, which will be beneficial for the development of antibodies as detoxication agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
- Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiguo Jiang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao , Panyu District, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University , No. 17 People's South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
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