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Qian C, Wang Q, Qiao Y, Xu Z, Zhang L, Xiao H, Lin Z, Wu M, Xia W, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Arachidonic acid in aging: New roles for old players. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00180-2. [PMID: 38710468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arachidonic acid (AA), one of the most ubiquitous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), provides fluidity to mammalian cell membranes. It is derived from linoleic acid (LA) and can be transformed into various bioactive metabolites, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), lipoxins (LXs), hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), leukotrienes (LTs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by different pathways. All these processes are involved in AA metabolism. Currently, in the context of an increasingly visible aging world population, several scholars have revealed the essential role of AA metabolism in osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many other aging diseases. AIM OF REVIEW Although there are some reviews describing the role of AA in some specific diseases, there seems to be no or little information on the role of AA metabolism in aging tissues or organs. This review scrutinizes and highlights the role of AA metabolism in aging and provides a new idea for strategies for treating aging-related diseases. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW As a member of lipid metabolism, AA metabolism regulates the important lipids that interfere with the aging in several ways. We present a comprehensivereviewofthe role ofAA metabolism in aging, with the aim of relieving the extreme suffering of families and the heavy economic burden on society caused by age-related diseases. We also collected and summarized data on anti-aging therapies associated with AA metabolism, with the expectation of identifying a novel and efficient way to protect against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Haixiang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Mingzhou Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
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Nie YY, Zhou LJ, Li YM, Yang WC, Liu YY, Yang ZY, Ma XX, Zhang YP, Hong PZ, Zhang Y. Hizikia fusiforme functional oil (HFFO) prevents neuroinflammation and memory deficits evoked by lipopolysaccharide/aluminum trichloride in zebrafish. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:941994. [PMID: 36158548 PMCID: PMC9500236 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.941994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundOxidative stress, cholinergic deficiency, and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of most neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Lipids play an important role in brain development and proper functioning. Marine-derived lipids have shown good memory-improving potentials, especially those from fish and microalgae. The cultivated macroalga Hizikia fusiforme is healthy food and shows benefits to memory, but the study is rare on the brain healthy value of its oil. Previously, we had reported that the Hizikia fusiforme functional oil (HFFO) contains arachidonic acid, 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid, phytol, and other molecules displaying in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and nitroxide scavenging activity; however, the in vivo effect remains unclear. In this study, we further investigated its potential effects against lipopolysaccharides (LPS)- or aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)-induced memory deficiency in zebrafish and its drug-related properties in silica.MethodsWe established memory deficit models in zebrafish by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (75 ng) or aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) (21 μg), and assessed their behaviors in the T-maze test. The interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), acetylcholine (ACh), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured 24 h after the LPS/AlCl3 injection as markers of inflammation, cholinergic activity, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the interaction of two main components, 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid and phytol, was investigated by molecular docking, with the important anti-inflammatory targets nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Specifically, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and drug-likeness properties of HFFO were studied by ADMETlab.ResultsThe results showed that HFFO reduced cognitive deficits in zebrafish T-maze induced by LPS/AlCl3. While the LPS/AlCl3 treatment increased MDA content, lowered ACh levels in the zebrafish brain, and elevated levels of central and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines, these effects were reversed by 100 mg/kg HFFO except for MDA. Moreover, 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid and phytol showed a good affinity with NF-κB, COX-2, and HFFO exhibited acceptable drug-likeness and ADMET profiles in general.ConclusionCollectively, this study's findings suggest HFFO as a potent neuroprotectant, potentially valuable for the prevention of memory impairment caused by cholinergic deficiency and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Nie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Long-Jian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
| | - Wen-Cong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
| | - Ya-Yue Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
| | - Peng-Zhi Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang Municipal Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Nutrition for Brain Health, Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang ;
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Sheng Y, Yang H, Wu T, Zhu L, Liu L, Liu X. Alterations of Cytochrome P450s and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases in Brain Under Diseases and Their Clinical Significances. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650027. [PMID: 33967789 PMCID: PMC8097730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are both greatly important metabolic enzymes in various tissues, including brain. Although expressions of brain CYPs and UGTs and their contributions to drug disposition are much less than liver, both CYPs and UGTs also mediate metabolism of endogenous substances including dopamine and serotonin as well as some drugs such as morphine in brain, demonstrating their important roles in maintenance of brain homeostasis or pharmacological activity of drugs. Some diseases such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are often associated with the alterations of CYPs and UGTs in brain, which may be involved in processes of these diseases via disturbing metabolism of endogenous substances or resisting drugs. This article reviewed the alterations of CYPs and UGTs in brain, the effects on endogenous substances and drugs and their clinical significances. Understanding the roles of CYPs and UGTs in brain provides some new strategies for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sheng
- Center of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Center of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Center of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Center of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Sambra V, Echeverria F, Valenzuela A, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Neuroprotective Nutrients throughout the Life Cycle. Nutrients 2021; 13:986. [PMID: 33803760 PMCID: PMC8003191 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in neurogenesis and brain development throughout the life cycle is fundamental. DHA and AA are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) vital for many human physiological processes, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, structure and function of membranes, among others. DHA and AA are deposited into the lipids of cell membranes that form the gray matter representing approximately 25% of the total content of brain fatty acids. Both fatty acids have effects on neuronal growth and differentiation through the modulation of the physical properties of neuronal membranes, signal transduction associated with G proteins, and gene expression. DHA and AA have a relevant role in neuroprotection against neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, which are associated with characteristic pathological expressions as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. The present review analyzes the neuroprotective role of DHA and AA in the extreme stages of life, emphasizing the importance of these LCPUFA during the first year of life and in the developing/prevention of neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sambra
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Francisca Echeverria
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Nutrition, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
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Navarro-Mabarak C, Loaiza-Zuluaga M, Hernández-Ojeda SL, Camacho-Carranza R, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Neuroinflammation is able to downregulate cytochrome P450 epoxygenases 2J3 and 2C11 in the rat brain. Brain Res Bull 2020; 163:57-64. [PMID: 32707261 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases have been considered the main producers of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) through the oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA). EETs display various biological properties, notably their powerful anti-inflammatory activities. In the brain, EETs have proven to be neuroprotective and to improve neuroinflammation. However, it is known that inflammation could modify CYP expression. We have previously reported that an inflammatory process in astrocytes is able to down-regulate CYP2J3 and CYP2C11 mRNA, protein levels, and activity (Navarro-Mabarak et al., 2019). In this work, we evaluated the effect of neuroinflammation in protein expression of CYP epoxygenases in the brain. Neuroinflammation was induced by the intraperitoneal administration of LPS (1 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats and was corroborated by IL-6, GFAP, and Iba-1 protein levels in the cortex over time. CYP2J3 and CYP2C11 protein levels were also evaluated in the cortex after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of LPS treatment. Our results show for the first time that neuroinflammation is able to downregulate CYP2J3 and CYP2C11 protein expression in the brain cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Navarro-Mabarak
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Loaiza-Zuluaga
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - S L Hernández-Ojeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Camacho-Carranza
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J J Espinosa-Aguirre
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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Pallàs M, Vázquez S, Sanfeliu C, Galdeano C, Griñán-Ferré C. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition to Face Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: A New Therapeutic Strategy. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E703. [PMID: 32369955 PMCID: PMC7277900 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a crucial process associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Several pieces of evidence suggest an active role of lipid mediators, especially epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs), in the genesis and control of neuroinflammation; 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET) is one of the most commonly studied EpFAs, with anti-inflammatory properties. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is implicated in the hydrolysis of 14,15-EET to its corresponding diol, which lacks anti-inflammatory properties. Preventing EET degradation thus increases its concentration in the brain through sEH inhibition, which represents a novel pharmacological approach to foster the reduction of neuroinflammation and by end neurodegeneration. Recently, it has been shown that sEH levels increase in brains of PD patients. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of the hydrolase domain of the enzyme or the use of sEH knockout mice reduced the deleterious effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration. This paper overviews the knowledge of sEH and EETs in PD and the importance of blocking its hydrolytic activity, degrading EETs in PD physiopathology. We focus on imperative neuroinflammation participation in the neurodegenerative process in PD and the putative therapeutic role for sEH inhibitors. In this review, we also describe highlights in the general knowledge of the role of sEH in the central nervous system (CNS) and its participation in neurodegeneration. We conclude that sEH is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases with chronic inflammation process, providing new insights into the crucial role of sEH in PD pathophysiology as well as a singular opportunity for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC, IDIBAPS and CIBERESP, C/Roselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carles Galdeano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
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He C, Hao R, Deng Y, Yang C, Du X. Response of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii to allograft-induced stress from lipid metabolism. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:1001-1007. [PMID: 31734283 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata martensii, produces high-quality pearls. During pearl production, excess immune and inflammatory response after transplantation will lead to nucleus rejection, pearl sac formation failure, and death of the host pearl oyster. The hemocyte transcriptome and fatty acid (FA) contents in the adductor muscle before and after transplantation were analyzed to investigate the response of pearl oyster P. f. martensii to allograft-induced stress from lipid metabolism. The hemocyte transcriptome analysis detected 193 lipid metabolism-related genes, such as the elongation of very long-chain FA protein 5, acyl-CoA 6-desaturase, cytochrome P450, phospholipase A2, glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase, and prostaglandin-H2 d-isomerase. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these genes were mainly involved in the "biosynthesis of unsaturated FAs," "FA biosynthesis," "ARA metabolism," and "glycerolipid metabolism." An analysis of FA contents in the adductor muscle indicated no significant difference in the contents of lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosadienoic acid, docosadienoic acid, and 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid. However, ARA, DHA, and EPA in the adductor muscle after transplantation were significantly greater than those processed without grafting surgery. These results suggest that pearl oysters require more polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) to regulate their inflammatory and immune response after transplantation. However, their ability to biosynthesize unsaturated FAs is limited. Given these results, the addition of PUFA-containing diets or selection of a line with strong ability to biosynthesize unsaturated FAs may be valuable for pearl oyster recovery after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhang He
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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Yang SQ, Tian Q, Li D, He SQ, Hu M, Liu SY, Zou W, Chen YJ, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Leptin mediates protection of hydrogen sulfide against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced Parkinson's disease: Involving enhancement in Warburg effect. Neurochem Int 2020; 135:104692. [PMID: 32032636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has therapeutic effects on Parkinson's disease (PD). Warburg effect, namely aerobic glycolysis, is benefit to PD. Leptin, a hormone secreted in adipose, plays an important role in the treatment of PD. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the mechanism underlying protection of H2S against PD is involved in promoting Warburg effect via upregulation of leptin. METHODS We set a PD model via unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in Sprague Dawley rat. PD-like behavior was analyzed by apomorphine-induced rotations, open field activity test, stepping test and cylinder test. Dopaminergic neurons were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of Hexokinase-2, pyruvate kinase M-2, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and leptin were measured by Western blot. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) activity was monitored by ELISA. The lactate content was measured by lactate assay kit. RESULTS We showed that NaHS (a donor of H2S) prevented 6-OHDA-induced PD-like behaviors as well as the loss of dopaminergic neurons. We also found that NaHS enhanced the Warburg effect and upregulated leptin expression in the substantia nigra of 6-OHDA-exposed rats. While, inhibited leptin signaling by OBR13-A reversed the protections of H2S against 6-OHDA-exerted PD-like behaviors and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and abolished H2S-enhanced in the Warburg effect in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSION These data indicated that leptin mediates the protection of H2S against PD, which involves enhancing the Warburg effect of the substantia nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Qiao Yang
- Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qing Tian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua New District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shi-Qing He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shu-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Center Hospital of Shenzhen Longhua New District, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Wei Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, PR China.
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9
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Navarro-Mabarak C, Mitre-Aguilar IB, Camacho-Carranza R, Arias C, Zentella-Dehesa A, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Role of NF-κB in cytochrome P450 epoxygenases down-regulation during an inflammatory process in astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104499. [PMID: 31271766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases and their metabolic products, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), have been proposed as important therapeutic targets in the brain. However, CYP expression can be modified by the presence of diverse pro-inflammatory cytokines and the subsequent activation of the NF-κB pathway. It has been indicated that CYP epoxygenases are down-regulated by inflammation in the heart, kidney and liver. However, up to this point, there has been no evidence regarding regulation of CYP epoxygenases during inflammation in the brain. Therefore, in order to explore the effects of inflammation and NF-κB activation in CYP2J3 and CYP2C11 regulation, rat primary astrocytes cultures were treated with LPS with and without IMD-0354 (selective NF-κB inhibitor). Cyp2j3 and Cyp2c11 mRNA expression was determined by qRT-PCR; protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence and by Western Blot and total epoxygenase activity was determined by the quantification of EETs by ELISA. NF-κB binding sites in Cyp2j3 and Cyp2c11 promoter regions were bioinformatically predicted and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA) were performed to determine if each hypothetic response element was able to bind NF-κB complexes. Results shown that LPS treatment is able to down-regulate astrocyte CYP2J3 and CYP2C11 mRNA, protein and activity. Additionally, we have identified NK-κB as the transcription factor involved in this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Navarro-Mabarak
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Irma Beatriz Mitre-Aguilar
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Av. Vasco de Quiroga Nº 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP.14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Camacho-Carranza
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Av. Vasco de Quiroga Nº 15, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Delegación Tlalpan, CP.14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Javier Espinosa-Aguirre
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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10
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, formation of Lewy bodies, and microgliosis. During the past decades multiple cellular pathways have been associated with PD pathology (i.e., oxidative stress, endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune response), yet disease-modifying treatments are not available. We have recently used genetic data from familial and sporadic cases in an unbiased approach to build a molecular landscape for PD, revealing lipids as central players in this disease. Here we extensively review the current knowledge concerning the involvement of various subclasses of fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and lipoproteins in PD pathogenesis. Our review corroborates a central role for most lipid classes, but the available information is fragmented, not always reproducible, and sometimes differs by sex, age or PD etiology of the patients. This hinders drawing firm conclusions about causal or associative effects of dietary lipids or defects in specific steps of lipid metabolism in PD. Future technological advances in lipidomics and additional systematic studies on lipid species from PD patient material may improve this situation and lead to a better appreciation of the significance of lipids for this devastating disease.
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11
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Lakkappa N, Krishnamurthy PT, M D P, Hammock BD, Hwang SH. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, APAU, protects dopaminergic neurons against rotenone induced neurotoxicity: Implications for Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2019; 70:135-145. [PMID: 30472438 PMCID: PMC6873230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), metabolites of arachidonic acid, play a crucial role in cytoprotection by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. EETs are rapidly metabolised in vivo by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Increasing the half life of EETs by inhibiting the sEH enzyme is a novel strategy for neuroprotection. In the present study, sEH inhibitors APAU was screened in silico and further evaluated for their antiparkinson activity against rotenone (ROT) induced neurodegeneration in N27 dopaminergic cell line and Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson disease (PD). In the in vitro study cell viability (MTT and LDH release assay), oxidative stress parameters (total intracellular ROS, hydroperoxides, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidise, glutathione reductase, glutathione, total antioxidant status, mitochondrial complex-1activity and mitochondrial membrane potential), inflammatory markers (IL-6, COX-1 and COX-2), and apoptotic markers (JNK, phospho-JNK, c-jun, phospho-c-jun, pro and active caspase-3) were assessed to study the neuroprotective effects. In vivo activity of APAU was assessed in Drosophila melanogaster by measuring survival rate, negative geotaxis, oxidative stress parameters (total intracellular ROS, hydroperoxides, glutathione levels) were measured. Dopamine and its metabolites were estimated by LC-MS/MS analysis. In the in silico study the molecule, APAU showed good binding interaction at the active site of sEH (PDB: 1VJ5). In the in vitro study, APAU significantly attenuated ROT induced changes in oxidative, pro-inflammatory and apoptotic parameters. In the in vivo study, APAU significantly attenuates ROT induced changes in survival rate, negative geotaxis, oxidative stress, dopamine and its metabolites levels (p < 0.05). Our study, therefore, concludes that the molecule APAU, has significant neuroprotection benefits against rotenone induced Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Lakkappa
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, India
| | | | - Pandareesh M D
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, United States
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12
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Zarriello S, Tuazon JP, Corey S, Schimmel S, Rajani M, Gorsky A, Incontri D, Hammock BD, Borlongan CV. Humble beginnings with big goals: Small molecule soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors for treating CNS disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 172:23-39. [PMID: 30447256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) degrades epoxides of fatty acids including epoxyeicosatrienoic acid isomers (EETs), which are produced as metabolites of the cytochrome P450 branch of the arachidonic acid pathway. EETs exert a variety of largely beneficial effects in the context of inflammation and vascular regulation. sEH inhibition is shown to be therapeutic in several cardiovascular and renal disorders, as well as in peripheral analgesia, via the increased availability of anti-inflammatory EETs. The success of sEH inhibitors in peripheral systems suggests their potential in targeting inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Here, we describe the current roles of sEH in the pathology and treatment of CNS disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, cognitive impairment, dementia and depression. In view of the robust anti-inflammatory effects of stem cells, we also outlined the potency of stem cell treatment and sEH inhibitors as a combination therapy for these CNS disorders. This review highlights the gaps in current knowledge about the pathologic and therapeutic roles of sEH in CNS disorders, which should guide future basic science research towards translational and clinical applications of sEH inhibitors for treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Zarriello
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Julian P Tuazon
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Sydney Corey
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Samantha Schimmel
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Mira Rajani
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Anna Gorsky
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Diego Incontri
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, NIEHS-UCD Superfund Research Program, University of California - Davis, United States.
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
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13
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Alterations of eicosanoids and related mediators in patients with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 102:168-178. [PMID: 29674269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a multifactorial psychiatric disorder. Currently, its molecular pathogenesis remains largely unknown, and no reliable test for diagnosis and therapy monitoring is available. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their derived eicosanoid signaling abnormalities are relevant to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, comprehensive analysis of eicosanoids and related mediators for schizophrenia is very rare. In this study, we applied a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based method to monitor 158 PUFAs, eicosanoids and related mediators from enzyme-dependent or independent pathways, in the serum samples of 109 healthy controls, and 115 schizophrenia patients at baseline and after an 8-week period of antipsychotic therapy. Twenty-three metabolites were identified to be significantly altered in SCZ patients at baseline compared to healthy controls, especially arachidonic acid (AA) derived eicosanoids. These disturbances may be related to altered immunological reactions and neurotransmitter signaling. After 8-week antipsychotic treatment, there were 22 metabolites, especially AA and linoleic acid derived eicosanoids, significantly altered in posttreatment patients. Some metabolites, such as several AA derived prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and di-hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acids were reversed toward normal levels after treatment. Based on univariate analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis, anandamide, oleoylethanolamine, and AA were selected as a panel of potential biomarkers for differentiating baseline SCZ patients from controls, which showed a high sensitivity (0.907), good specificity (0.843) and excellent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.940). This study provided a new perspective to understand the pathophysiological mechanism and identify potential biomarkers of SCZ.
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14
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Soluble epoxide hydrolase plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5815-E5823. [PMID: 29735655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802179115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized as a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the deposition of specific protein aggregates of α-synuclein, termed Lewy bodies, is evident in multiple brain regions of PD patients. Although there are several available medications to treat PD symptoms, these medications do not prevent the progression of the disease. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) plays a key role in inflammation associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Here we found that MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced neurotoxicity in the mouse striatum was attenuated by subsequent repeated administration of TPPU, a potent sEH inhibitor. Furthermore, deletion of the sEH gene protected against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, while overexpression of sEH in the striatum significantly enhanced MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, the expression of the sEH protein in the striatum from MPTP-treated mice or postmortem brain samples from patients with dementia of Lewy bodies (DLB) was significantly higher compared with control groups. Interestingly, there was a positive correlation between sEH expression and phosphorylation of α-synuclein in the striatum. Oxylipin analysis showed decreased levels of 8,9-epoxy-5Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice, suggesting increased activity of sEH in this region. Interestingly, the expression of sEH mRNA in human PARK2 iPSC-derived neurons was higher than that of healthy control. Treatment with TPPU protected against apoptosis in human PARK2 iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. These findings suggest that increased activity of sEH in the striatum plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as PD and DLB. Therefore, sEH may represent a promising therapeutic target for α-synuclein-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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15
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Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Witkowska AM, Zujko ME. Endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants in the human body. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:68-78. [PMID: 28822266 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of cells, tissues and extracellular matrix to harmful reactive species causes a cascade of reactions and induces activation of multiple internal defence mechanisms (enzymatic or non-enzymatic) that provide removal of reactive species and their derivatives. The non-enzymatic antioxidants are represented by molecules characterized by the ability to rapidly inactivate radicals and oxidants. This paper focuses on the major intrinsic non-enzymatic antioxidants, including metal binding proteins (MBPs), glutathione (GSH), uric acid (UA), melatonin (MEL), bilirubin (BIL) and polyamines (PAs).
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16
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Navarro-Mabarak C, Camacho-Carranza R, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Cytochrome P450 in the central nervous system as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:95-108. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1439502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Navarro-Mabarak
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Camacho-Carranza
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesús Javier Espinosa-Aguirre
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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17
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Wagner KM, McReynolds CB, Schmidt WK, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic target for pain, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 180:62-76. [PMID: 28642117 PMCID: PMC5677555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Many of the actions of eicosanoid metabolites formed by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes have been characterized, however, the epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs) formed by cytochrome P450 enzymes are newly described by comparison. The EpFA metabolites modulate a diverse set of physiologic functions that include inflammation and nociception among others. Regulation of EpFAs occurs primarily via release, biosynthesis and enzymatic transformation by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Targeting sEH with small molecule inhibitors has enabled observation of the biological activity of the EpFAs in vivo in animal models, greatly contributing to the overall understanding of their role in the inflammatory response. Their role in modulating inflammation has been demonstrated in disease models including cardiovascular pathology and inflammatory pain, but extends to neuroinflammation and neuroinflammatory disease. Moreover, while EpFAs demonstrate activity against inflammatory pain, interestingly, this action extends to blocking chronic neuropathic pain as well. This review outlines the role of modulating sEH and the biological action of EpFAs in models of pain and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Cindy B McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | | | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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18
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Evaluation of antiparkinson activity of PTUPB by measuring dopamine and its metabolites in Drosophila melanogaster: LC-MS/MS method development. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 149:457-464. [PMID: 29169114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition is reported to elevate endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET's), which are known to play an important role in neuroprotection by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In the present study, PTUPB, a dual inhibitor of sEH and COX-2, has been tested for its antiparkinson activity against rotenone (ROT) induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease (PD). To determine the efficacy and brain bioavailability of PTUPB a simple, rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the estimation of PTUPB (Method-I), dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (Method-II) in fly head. Mass spectrometric acquisitions of analytes signals were performed in positive and negative electron spray ionization MRM mode by monitoring the daughter ions. The isocratic elution using formic acid (0.1% v/v) and acetonitrile (20:80v/v) (for method I), and acetic acid (0.1% v/v) and methanol (for method II) on Jones C18 was carried out to achieve the separation. The results of brain PTUPB, DA and its metabolites estimation shows a dose dependent increase in PTUPB concentration and a dose dependent prevention of ROT induced changes in DA and its metabolites levels (p<0.05), indicating a significant neuroprotection activity of PTUPB. In the present study, we have successfully developed and validated LC-MS/MS methods to identify and quantify PTUPB, DA and its metabolites using a UFLC-ESI-QqQ mass spectrometer for the screening of neuroprotective agents in Drosophila Melanogaster.
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19
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhou H, Fu X, Hu G. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammatory factors and pannexin-1. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2179-2184. [PMID: 28656267 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) has wide applications due to the unique biological effects of anti‑hyperlipidemia, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti‑inflammation, anti‑cancer, anti‑lipid oxidation and the promotion of brain tissue development. The present study investigated whether EET ameliorates cerebral ischemia‑reperfusion injury (CIRI) by inhibiting inflammatory factors and pannexin. Specific pathogen‑free 7‑week‑old male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, CIRI and EET. Neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct volume and cerebral edema were assessed in CIRI rats. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin‑6, nuclear factor‑κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, and western blot analysis was performed also used to assess cleaved caspase‑3, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase‑2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protein expression levels. EET ameliorated cerebral injury and CIRI‑induced cleaved caspase‑3 protein expression levels in rats. EET additionally suppressed CIRI‑induced inflammation reactions and iNOS protein expression in rats. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of PLA2, PGE2 and pannexin‑1 in CIRI rats were inhibited by treatment with EET. These results indicated that EET reduces CIRI by inhibiting inflammation and levels of cleaved caspase‑3, PLA2, PGE2 and pannexin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Haixiao Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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