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Zuraikat FM, Jelic S, St-Onge MP. Wake up! It's time to recognize the importance of sleep in metabolic health. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1188-1191. [PMID: 37140407 PMCID: PMC10322183 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faris M Zuraikat
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sanja Jelic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Saidi O, Chatain C, Del Sordo GC, Demaria R, Lequin L, Rochette E, Larribaut J, Gruet M, Duché P. The Effects of Different Modalities of an Acute Energy Deficit on Sleep and Next Morning Appetitive and Compensatory Behavior in Healthy Young Adults: The EDIES Protocol. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081962. [PMID: 37111179 PMCID: PMC10144061 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is bi-directionally linked to energy balance. This crossover study design will evaluate the acute effect of a moderate energy deficit (500 kcal) induced by diet, exercise, or mixed (-250 kcal by diet and 250 kcal by exercise) on sleep and the next morning's appetitive responses. The study sample comprises 24 healthy young adults. The experimental measurements will be conducted in a naturalistic, momentary manner and partly assessed by the participants. The participants will undergo a run-in period in order to stabilize their sleep schedules and provide them with training on the study protocol and measurements. Indirect calorimetry will be used to determine their resting metabolic rate and peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak). Then, they will take part in a control session (CTL), followed by three energy deficit sessions in random order: a diet-induced energy deficit session (DED), an exercise-induced energy deficit session (EED), and a mixed energy deficit session (MED). All experimental sessions will be separated by a one-week washout. The participants' sleep will be monitored by ambulatory polysomnography, and the next morning's appetitive response will be evaluated via ad libitum food intake, appetite sensations, and food reward, measured by a food liking and wanting computerized test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Saidi
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Cyril Chatain
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Giovanna C Del Sordo
- Psychology Department, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Blvd, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Rémi Demaria
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Ludivine Lequin
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rochette
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE Unit, Clermont Auvergne University, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julie Larribaut
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Mathieu Gruet
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratory Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, F-83041 Toulon, France
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3
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Perez-Diaz-del-Campo N, Castelnuovo G, Caviglia GP, Armandi A, Rosso C, Bugianesi E. Role of Circadian Clock on the Pathogenesis and Lifestyle Management in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235053. [PMID: 36501083 PMCID: PMC9736115 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several features of the modern lifestyle, such as weekly schedules or irregular daily eating patterns, have become major drivers of global health problems, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sleep is an essential component of human well-being, and it has been observed that when circadian rhythms are disrupted, or when sleep quality decreases, an individual's overall health may worsen. In addition, the discrepancy between the circadian and social clock, due to weekly work/study schedules, is called social jetlag and has also been associated with adverse metabolic profiles. Current management of NAFLD is based on dietary intake and physical activity, with circadian preferences and other environmental factors also needing to be taken into account. In this regard, dietary approaches based on chrononutrition, such as intermittent fasting or time-restricted feeding, have proven to be useful in realigning lifestyle behaviors with circadian biological rhythms. However, more studies are needed to apply these dietary strategies in the treatment of these patients. In this review, we focus on the impact of circadian rhythms and the role of sleep patterns on the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD, as well as the consideration of chrononutrition for the precision nutrition management of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angelo Armandi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Metabolic Liver Disease Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza—Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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4
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Benton D, Bloxham A, Gaylor C, Brennan A, Young HA. Carbohydrate and sleep: An evaluation of putative mechanisms. Front Nutr 2022; 9:933898. [PMID: 36211524 PMCID: PMC9532617 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.933898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems are extremely common in industrialized countries and the possibility that diet might be used to improve sleep has been considered. The topic has been reviewed many times, resulting in the frequent suggestion that carbohydrate increases the uptake of tryptophan by the brain, where it is metabolized into serotonin and melatonin, with the suggestion that this improves sleep. An alternative mechanism was proposed based on animal literature that has been largely ignored by those considering diet and sleep. The hypothesis was that, as in the hypothalamus there are glucose-sensing neurons associated with the sleep-wake cycle, we should consider the impact of carbohydrate-induced changes in the level of blood glucose. A meta-analysis found that after consuming a lower amount of carbohydrate, more time was spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and less in rapid-eye-movement sleep. As the credibility of alternative mechanisms has tended not to have been critically evaluated, they were considered by examining their biochemical, nutritional, and pharmacological plausibility. Although high carbohydrate consumption can increase the uptake of tryptophan by the brain, it only occurs with such low levels of protein that the mechanism is not relevant to a normal diet. After entering the brain tryptophan is converted to serotonin, a neurotransmitter known to influence so many different aspects of sleep and wakefulness, that it is not reasonable to expect a uniform improvement in sleep. Some serotonin is converted to melatonin, although the exogenous dose of melatonin needed to influence sleep cannot be credibly provided by the diet. This review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020223560).
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5
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Zitting KM, Vetrivelan R, Yuan RK, Vujovic N, Wang W, Bandaru SS, Quan SF, Klerman EB, Scheer FAJL, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Duffy JF, Saper CB, Czeisler CA. Chronic circadian disruption on a high-fat diet impairs glucose tolerance. Metabolism 2022; 130:155158. [PMID: 35150732 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 14% of Americans experience chronic circadian disruption due to shift work, increasing their risk of obesity, diabetes, and other cardiometabolic disorders. These disorders are also exacerbated by modern eating habits such as frequent snacking and consumption of high-fat foods. METHODS We investigated the effects of recurrent circadian disruption (RCD) on glucose metabolism in C57BL/6 mice and in human participants exposed to non-24-h light-dark (LD) schedules vs. those on standard 24-h LD schedules. These LD schedules were designed to induce circadian misalignment between behaviors including rest/activity and fasting/eating with the output of the near-24-h central circadian pacemaker, while minimizing sleep loss, and were maintained for 12 weeks in mice and 3 weeks in humans. We examined interactions of these circadian-disrupted schedules compared to control 24-h schedules with a lower-fat diet (LFD, 13% in mouse and 25-27% in humans) and high-fat diet (HFD, 45% in mouse and 45-50% in humans). We also used young vs. older mice to determine whether they would respond differently to RCD. RESULTS When combined with a HFD, we found that RCD caused significant weight gain in mice and increased body fat in humans, and significantly impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in both mice and humans, but this did not occur when RCD was combined with a LFD. This effect was similar in both young and older mice. CONCLUSION These results in both humans and a model organism indicate that circadian disruption has an adverse effect on metabolism among individuals eating a high-fat Western-style diet, even in the absence of significant sleep loss, and suggest that reducing dietary fat may protect against the metabolic consequences of a lifestyle (such as shift work) that involves chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ramalingam Vetrivelan
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sathyajit S Bandaru
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, University Park PA 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Yap AU, Cao Y, Zhang MJ, Lei J, Fu KY. Temporomandibular disorder severity and diagnostic groups: Their associations with sleep quality and impairments. Sleep Med 2021; 80:218-225. [PMID: 33607558 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the impact of TMD severity on sleep quality and established the associations between TMD diagnostic groups/pain subtypes and sleep impairments. METHODS A total of 1151 patients from a tertiary Dental Hospital were screened for eligibility. Consenting subjects who met the inclusion criteria were directed to complete a general/health questionnaire, the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) Symptom Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at their intake visit. Patients who screened positive for TMDs with the FAI were subjected to a protocolized physical examination and TMD diagnostic groups/subtypes were subsequently derived based on the DC/TMD "diagnostic tree" and algorithms. Statistical analyses were conducted using non-parametric methods and logistic regression (α = 0.05). RESULTS The final sample consisted of 845 subjects with TMDs and 116 TMD-free controls. The mean age of the TMD and TMD-free subjects were 33.17 ± 13.55 and 31.66 ± 9.50 years. Subjects with severe and moderate TMDs had significantly greater global PSQI scores than those with mild and no TMDs (p < 0.001). Those with pain-related, intra-articular, and combined TMDs reported significantly poorer sleep quality than those with no TMDs (p < 0.001). Moreover, subjects with myalgia and myalgia plus arthralgia presented significantly greater sleep impairments than their counterparts with intra-articular disorders (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that pain-related (OR = 3.23; CI = 1.69-6.14) and intra-articular TMDs (OR = 1.91; CI = 1.15-3.16) were most related to poor sleep. CONCLUSIONS Sleep quality worsened with increasing TMD severity and the presence of painful and intra-articular TMDs increased the likelihood of poor sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ujin Yap
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Dentistry, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Cao
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Juan Zhang
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Fu
- Center for TMD & Orofacial Pain, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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7
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Loomis S, McCarthy A, Dijk DJ, Gilmour G, Winsky-Sommerer R. Food restriction induces functional resilience to sleep restriction in rats. Sleep 2020; 43:5855399. [PMID: 32518958 PMCID: PMC7551307 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep restriction (SR) leads to performance decrements across cognitive domains but underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. The impact of SR on performance in rodents is often assessed using tasks in which food is the reward. Investigating how the drives of hunger and sleep interact to modulate performance may provide insights into mechanisms underlying sleep loss-related performance decrements. METHODS Three experiments were conducted in male adult Wistar rats to assess: (1) effects of food restriction on performance in the simple response latency task (SRLT) across the diurnal cycle (n = 30); (2) interaction of food restriction and SR (11 h) on SRLT performance, sleep electroencephalogram, and event-related potentials (ERP) (n = 10-13); and (3) effects of food restriction and SR on progressive ratio (PR) task performance to probe the reward value of food reinforcement (n = 19). RESULTS Food restriction increased premature responding on the SRLT at the end of the light period of the diurnal cycle. SR led to marked impairments in SRLT performance in the ad libitum-fed group, which were absent in the food-restricted group. After SR, food-restricted rats displayed a higher amplitude of cue-evoked ERP components during the SRLT compared with the ad libitum group. SR did not affect PR performance, while food restriction improved performance. CONCLUSIONS Hunger may induce a functional resilience to negative effects of sleep loss during subsequent task performance, possibly by maintaining attention to food-related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Loomis
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, UK.,Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Andrew McCarthy
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, UK
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Gary Gilmour
- Eli Lilly & Co. Ltd, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, UK
| | - Raphaelle Winsky-Sommerer
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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Mengual-Recuerda A, Tur-Viñes V, Juárez-Varón D. Neuromarketing in Haute Cuisine Gastronomic Experiences. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1772. [PMID: 32849050 PMCID: PMC7417449 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastronomic experiences offer a set of stimuli that affect the customer’s perception of chef-designed food. This empirical study aims to analyze the influence on the consumer, at a cerebral level, of the stimuli characteristic of a high-level gastronomic experience, in a Michelin starred restaurant. The presentation by the waiter or chef, the plate design, the dish served, the taste of food, interaction or moment in which the food is served are the variables analyzed. Through the use of neuromarketing techniques – galvanic skin response to register emotional arousal, eye tracking to identify where consumers look, and electroencephalography to interpret emotional reactions – combined with qualitative research technique (In-depth interviews with all consumers), in order to know the natural and suggested memories, the objective of this research is to determine the emotional impact of the variables analyzed against the actual taste of food, obtaining conclusions about each variable in overall experience and allowing the authors to propose a model of order design of dishes, designed by the chef, based on emotions and thereby achieving greater efficiency in results of the experience and the memory of it. Results indicate a favorable influence on emotions when the chef presents the food. Likewise, dishes with special presentation have a greater influence at the level of interest than conventional dishes. It is important to highlight that the levels of emotion and attention fall after the midway point of the experience, due to the duration of the experience. Therefore, the dishes do not have the same emotional impact, despite being as special as at the beginning of the experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mengual-Recuerda
- Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Tur-Viñes
- Department of Communication and Social Psychology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Juárez-Varón
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Kim JH, Lyu YS, Kim SY. Impact of Social Jetlag on Weight Change in Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124383. [PMID: 32570840 PMCID: PMC7344837 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Social jetlag, the circadian misalignment reflecting the discrepancy between the circadian clock and social clock, has been implicated in weight-related issues. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there was an association between social jetlag and body weight change among adults in a large, nationally representative general population. This study was based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted during 2016–2017 by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare. Of the 16,277 participants, data from 8295 adults were included in the analysis. Men with social jetlag > 2 h had a significantly higher risk of weight gain (odd ratios (OR): 1.787; 95% confident interval (CI): 1.192–2.679) than those with social jetlag < 1 h, after adjustment for age, sociodemographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, chronic disease, obesity and average sleep duration. Women with weight gain had a higher social jetlag (>2 h), and women with social jetlag > 2 h had a higher proportion of weight gain. However, we did not find a significant association of social jetlag with weight gain after adjusting for confounding factors in women. There was no significant association between social jetlag and weight loss in men and women. Higher social jetlag was independently associated with an increased risk of weight gain in men. We propose that social jetlag may contribute to the obesogenic tendency in men, and that there is a potential for body weight to be managed with a circadian approach.
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10
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Work Fatigue in a Non-Deployed Military Setting: Assessment, Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162892. [PMID: 31412599 PMCID: PMC6721391 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although work fatigue represents an important issue among military personnel in combat settings, little attention has been paid to work fatigue in the non-deployed setting. This issue was addressed by (a) validating the Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) among non-deployed military personnel, (b) assessing the prevalence of work fatigue in a non-deployed setting, and (c) exploring several potential predictors and outcomes of work fatigue in this setting. Data came from a large national probability sample (N = 1375) of non-deployed Royal Canadian Air Force military personnel. Results demonstrated that the 3D-WFI provided a psychometrically sound assessment of physical, mental, and emotional work fatigue among military personnel, which was invariant across sex, age, military component, and military role. All three types of work fatigue were highly prevalent among military personnel in a non-deployed setting. In terms of predictors, job demands were positively associated, and distributive justice, perceived organizational support, physical activity and sleep quality were negatively associated with each type of work fatigue, whereas role ambiguity was positively associated with mental and emotional work fatigue, and interpersonal justice was negatively associated with physical and emotional fatigue. Abusive supervision and sleep quantity were unrelated to work fatigue. In terms of outcomes, the three types of fatigue were positively associated with workplace cognitive failures and work-to-family conflict. In contrast, mental and emotional work fatigue were negatively related to military morale and positively associated with turnover intentions. This study demonstrates that work fatigue is a critical issue among military personnel in non-deployed settings, and an essential issue for military policy development.
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11
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Zhu B, Martyn-Nemeth P, Ruggiero L, Park CG, Zhang Y, Fritschi C. Associations between fatigue, sleep disturbance and eating style in adults with type 2 diabetes: A correlational study. J Clin Nurs 2019; 28:3200-3209. [PMID: 31002210 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that fatigue and sleep disturbance account for a significant amount of variation in eating styles among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). BACKGROUND Healthy eating is an important component of diabetes self-care but remains a major challenge. In people with T2D, symptoms of fatigue and sleep disturbance are pervasive. However, there is limited understanding of whether fatigue and sleep disturbance are associated with eating style in people with T2D. DESIGN Correlational design. METHODS This study was reported following the STROBE checklist. Data were collected between February 2017 and January 2018. A convenience sample of 64 T2D adults completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18V2 to measure eating style (e.g., emotional eating, cognitive restraint and uncontrolled eating). Diabetes distress, fatigue and sleep disturbance were measured using validated questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Only age was a significant predictor (β = -0.344) of cognitive restraint. Participant demographics, psychological factor and health-related factors contribute significantly to the model predicting emotional eating, but only diabetes distress was a significant predictor (β = 0.433). Introducing fatigue and poor sleep quality explained an additional 12.0% of the variation in emotional eating. The final model explained 24.9% of the variation in emotional eating; both diabetes distress (β = 0.294) and fatigue (β = 0.360) were significant predictors. CONCLUSION There is a strong, independent relationship of fatigue and diabetes distress with emotional eating T2D patients. The effect of improving fatigue and diabetes distress on eating style should be explored. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE In clinical practice, nurses are recommended to include a detailed assessment of fatigue and distress in patients with diabetes. Additional to the conventional nutrition therapy focusing on diet advice, eating style should also be incorporated in diet education by diabetes nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhu
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Laurie Ruggiero
- Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Chang G Park
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cynthia Fritschi
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Off the Clock: From Circadian Disruption to Metabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071597. [PMID: 30935034 PMCID: PMC6480015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian timekeeping allows appropriate temporal regulation of an organism’s internal metabolism to anticipate and respond to recurrent daily changes in the environment. Evidence from animal genetic models and from humans under circadian misalignment (such as shift work or jet lag) shows that disruption of circadian rhythms contributes to the development of obesity and metabolic disease. Inappropriate timing of food intake and high-fat feeding also lead to disruptions of the temporal coordination of metabolism and physiology and subsequently promote its pathogenesis. This review illustrates the impact of genetically or environmentally induced molecular clock disruption (at the level of the brain and peripheral tissues) and the interplay between the circadian system and metabolic processes. Here, we discuss some mechanisms responsible for diet-induced circadian desynchrony and consider the impact of nutritional cues in inter-organ communication, with a particular focus on the communication between peripheral organs and brain. Finally, we discuss the relay of environmental information by signal-dependent transcription factors to adjust the timing of gene oscillations. Collectively, a better knowledge of the mechanisms by which the circadian clock function can be compromised will lead to novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for obesity and other metabolic disorders arising from circadian desynchrony.
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Mindell JA, Williamson AA. Benefits of a bedtime routine in young children: Sleep, development, and beyond. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 40:93-108. [PMID: 29195725 PMCID: PMC6587181 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a conceptual model and reviews the empirical evidence to support a nightly bedtime routine as a key factor in the promotion of not only healthy sleep, but also of broad development and wellbeing in early childhood. A bedtime routine embodies the characteristics of nurturing care and early child stimulation, which are deemed to be essential for positive outcomes, especially for at-risk children. Furthermore, common, adaptive components of a bedtime routine can contribute to an array of positive developmental outcomes beyond improved sleep, inclusive of language development, literacy, child emotional and behavioral regulation, parent-child attachment, and family functioning, among other outcomes. These bedtime routine components include activities in the broad domains of nutrition (e.g., feeding, healthy snack), hygiene (e.g., bathing, oral care), communication (e.g., reading, singing/lullabies) and physical contact (e.g., massage, cuddling/rocking). A bedtime routine can provide multiple benefits to child and family functioning at a time of day that many parents are present with their children. Although additional research on hypothesized routine-related child outcomes and mechanisms of action are needed, promoting a bedtime routine may be a feasible and cost-effective method to promote positive early childhood development worldwide, particularly for socioeconomically disadvantaged and other at-risk young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Mindell
- Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ariel A Williamson
- Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Circadian alignment is crucial for body-weight management, and for metabolic health. In this context, circadian alignment consists of alignment of sleep, meal patterns and physical activity. During puberty a significant reduction in sleep duration occurs, and pubertal status is inversely associated with sleep duration. A consistent inverse association between habitual sleep duration and body-weight development occurs, independent of possible confounders. Research on misalignment reveals that circadian misalignment affects sleep-architecture and subsequently disturbs glucose–insulin metabolism, substrate oxidation, leptin- and ghrelin concentrations, appetite, food reward, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis activity and gut-peptide concentrations enhancing positive energy balance and metabolic disturbance. Not only aligning meals and sleep in a circadian way is crucial, also regular physical activity during the day strongly promotes the stability and amplitude of circadian rhythm, and thus may serve as an instrument to restore poor circadian rhythms. Endogenicity may play a role in interaction of these environmental variables with a genetic predisposition. In conclusion, notwithstanding the separate favourable effects of sufficient daily physical activity, regular meal patterns, sufficient sleep duration and quality sleep on energy balance, the overall effect of the amplitude and stability of the circadian rhythm, perhaps including genetic predisposition, may integrate the separate effects in an additive way.
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Tan X, Alén M, Wiklund P, Partinen M, Cheng S. Effects of aerobic exercise on home-based sleep among overweight and obese men with chronic insomnia symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep Med 2016; 25:113-121. [PMID: 27823703 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a six-month aerobic exercise program on home-based sleep quality among overweight and obese men with chronic insomnia symptoms. METHODS Participants were 45 Finnish men (93% had body mass index ≥25) aged 30-65 years, with chronic (≥3 months) insomnia symptoms as classified by the DSM-IV criteria. Participants were randomized into an exercise (n = 24) or control group (n = 21). The exercise group received six-month aerobic exercise intervention with one to five sessions per week of 30-60 minutes duration. The control group was instructed to maintain habitual lifestyle behaviors during the study period. Seven-night home sleep was measured with a piezoelectric bed sensor and sleep diary. Other assessments included the modified Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire, a health and behavior questionnaire, physical activity and diet diaries, anthropometry, fat mass, and physical fitness. Analysis of covariance controlling for baseline values, and repeated-measures analysis of variance were implemented for time-by-group comparisons and within-group comparisons, respectively. RESULTS At six months, the exercise group showed reduced objective sleep onset latency (p = 0.010) and lowered frequency of difficulty initiating sleep (p = 0.021) than controls. Although a time-by-group difference was not significant, exercisers showed shorter objective wake after sleep onset (p = 0.004), reduced subjective nocturnal awakenings (p = 0.010), improved objective sleep efficiency (p <0.001), and improved morning-rated subjective sleep quality (p = 0.042) at six months than baseline. CONCLUSIONS A six-month aerobic exercise can improve sleep, mainly by mitigating difficulty of initiating sleep among overweight and obese men with chronic insomnia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Markku Alén
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital and Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Markku Partinen
- Vitalmed Research Center, Helsinki Sleep Clinic and Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Dorenbos E, Rijks JM, Adam TC, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Vreugdenhil ACE. Sleep efficiency as a determinant of insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adolescents. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:90-8. [PMID: 26332973 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Insulin resistance (IR) occurs in a transient manner during puberty. Obese adolescents may be at risk for persistent IR during puberty. The objective of the study is to review the literature on the association of the anthropometry and lifestyle characteristics with insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adolescents, and include data from a new study. Relevant papers were selected and reviewed. In addition, 137 overweight and obese adolescents (42 male/95 female, age 14.4 ± 2.3 years, BMI z-score +3.3 ± 0.7, HOMA-IR 3.4 ± 1.8) from the Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare (MUMC+) were included in this study. Anthropometrics, Tanner stages, sleep characteristics, food intake behaviour and physical activity were determined, and possible associations with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were tested. RESULTS Overweight and obese adolescents with unfavourable fat partitioning and family history of NIDDM are at risk for persistent IR. Overweight and obese adolescents from the new cohort showed a higher HOMA-IR postpubertally. BMI z-score, age, pubertal stage and prepubertally total sleeping time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE) were identified as significant contributors. Overweight and obese adolescents showed a persistently higher instead of transiently higher HOMA-IR during puberty, associated with BMI z-score, age, pubertal stage and prepubertally less TST and SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dorenbos
- Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare (COACH), Department of Paediatrics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - J M Rijks
- Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare (COACH), Department of Paediatrics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - T C Adam
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - M S Westerterp-Plantenga
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A C E Vreugdenhil
- Centre for Overweight Adolescent and Children's Healthcare (COACH), Department of Paediatrics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Watanabe Y, Saito I, Henmi I, Yoshimura K, Maruyama K, Yamauchi K, Matsuo T, Kato T, Tanigawa T, Kishida T, Asada Y. Skipping Breakfast is Correlated with Obesity. J Rural Med 2014; 9:51-8. [PMID: 25648986 PMCID: PMC4310153 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite the fact that the total energy intake of Japanese people
has decreased, the percentage of obese people has increased. This suggests that the timing
of meals is related to obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the
relationship between the timing of meals and obesity, based on analyses of physical
measurements, serum biochemical markers, nutrient intake, and lifestyle factors in the
context of Chrononutrition. Participants and Methods: We analyzed data derived from 766 residents of
Toon City (286 males and 480 females) aged 30 to 79 years who underwent detailed medical
examinations between 2011 and 2013. These medical examinations included. (1) physical
measurements (waist circumference, blood pressure, etc.); (2) serum biochemical markers
(total cholesterol, etc.); (3) a detailed questionnaire concerning lifestyle factors such
as family structure and daily habits (22 issues), exercise and eating habits (28 issues),
alcohol intake and smoking habits; (4) a food frequency questionnaire based on food groups
(FFQg); and (5) a questionnaire concerning the times at which meals and snacks are
consumed. Results: The values for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were
higher for participants who ate dinner less than three hours before bedtime (<3-h
group) than those who ate more than three hours before bedtime (>3-h group). The
Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in eating habits, e.g.,
eating snacks, eating snacks at night, having dinner after 8 p.m., and having dinner after
9 p.m., between the <3-h group and the >3-h group. Multiple linear regression
analysis showed that skipping breakfast significantly influenced both waist circumference
(β = 5.271) and BMI (β = 1.440) and that eating dinner <3-h before going to bed only
influenced BMI (β = 0.581). Conclusion: Skipping breakfast had a greater influence on both waist
circumference and BMI than eating dinner <3-h before going to bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Watanabe
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Japan ; Ehime Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare (JA Ehime Kouseiren), Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Basic Nursing and Health Science, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Henmi
- Department of Faculty of Nutrition, University of Kochi, Japan
| | - Kana Yoshimura
- Department of Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kotatsu Maruyama
- Department of Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kanako Yamauchi
- Department of Center for Education and Educational Research, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Matsuo
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kato
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Japan ; Ehime Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives for Health and Welfare (JA Ehime Kouseiren), Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanigawa
- Department of Public Health, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taro Kishida
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Asada
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Japan
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Afaghi A, O'Connor H, Chow CM. Acute effects of the very low carbohydrate diet on sleep indices. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 11:146-54. [DOI: 10.1179/147683008x301540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Levandovski R, Pfaffenseller B, Carissimi A, Gama CS, Hidalgo MPL. The effect of sunlight exposure on interleukin-6 levels in depressive and non-depressive subjects. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:75. [PMID: 23497121 PMCID: PMC3599872 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this epidemiological study was to evaluate the effect of length of sunlight exposure on interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in depressive and non-depressive subjects. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with 154 subjects (54 males, mean age: 43.5 ± 12.8 years) who were living in a rural area in south Brazil. Chronobiological and light parameters were assessed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon) were collected during the daytime and measured. RESULTS IL-6 levels showed a positive correlation with light exposure (r = 0.257; p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with the mid-sleep phase on work-free days (r = -0.177; p = 0.028). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only the length of light exposure was an independent factor for predicting IL-6 levels (ß = 0.26; p = 0.002). In non-depressed subjects, exposure to a different intensity of light did not affect IL-6 levels (t = -1.6; p = 0.1). However, when the two depressive groups with low and high light exposure were compared, the low light exposure group had lower levels of IL-6 compared with the high light exposure group (t = -2.19 and p = 0.0037). CONCLUSIONS The amount of time that participants are exposed to sunlight is directly related to their IL-6 levels. Additionally, depressed subjects differ in their IL-6 levels if they are exposed to light for differing amounts of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Levandovski
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pfaffenseller
- INCT for Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, HCPA/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alicia Carissimi
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Clarissa S Gama
- INCT for Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, HCPA/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Paz Loayza Hidalgo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil,Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal da Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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20
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Heitmann BL, Westerterp KR, Loos RJF, Sørensen TIA, O'Dea K, McLean P, Jensen TK, Eisenmann J, Speakman JR, Simpson SJ, Reed DR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Obesity: lessons from evolution and the environment. Obes Rev 2012; 13:910-22. [PMID: 22642554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 9th Stock Conference acknowledged the complex background of genetic, cultural, environmental and evolutionary factors of obesity. Gene-environment interactions underlie the flexibility in body-weight and body-fat regulation, illustrated by the hunter-gatherers' feast and famine lifestyle, the variation in physical activity over the lifespan being highest at reproductive age, the variation in energy intake through 'eating in the absence of hunger', while running the risk of exceeding the capacity of triacylglyceride storage, leading to lipotoxicity and metabolic problems. Perinatal metabolic programming for obesity via epigenetic changes in response to a 'Western diet' results in production of lipid-poor milk and metabolically efficient pups, contributing to the perpetuation of obesity throughout generations. Evolutionary insight from comparative physiology and ecology indicates that over generations activity-induced energy expenditure has remained the same compared to wild mammals, that energy balance might be dependant on protein balance, while the function of taste changed from detection of poison or energy to social drinking and social behaviour. At present, the impact of assortative mating on obesity prevalence is unambiguously positive. The complexity that appeared can only be fully appreciated by setting the data into the context of our evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Heitmann
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Clevenger L, Schrepf A, Christensen D, DeGeest K, Bender D, Ahmed A, Goodheart MJ, Penedo F, Lubaroff DM, Sood AK, Lutgendorf SK. Sleep disturbance, cytokines, and fatigue in women with ovarian cancer. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:1037-44. [PMID: 22543257 PMCID: PMC3434312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been implicated in the underlying processes contributing to sleep regulation and fatigue. Despite evidence for sleep difficulties, fatigue, and elevations in IL-6 among women with ovarian cancer, the association between these symptoms and IL-6 has not been investigated. To address this knowledge gap, we examined relationships between sleep disturbance, fatigue, and plasma IL-6 in 136 women with ovarian cancer prior to surgery. These relationships were also examined in 63 of these women who were disease-free and not receiving chemotherapy one year post-diagnosis. At both time-points, higher levels of IL-6 were significantly associated with sleep disturbances (p<0.05), controlling for potentially confounding biological and psychosocial covariates. Higher IL-6 was significantly associated with fatigue prior to surgery (p<0.05); however, when sleep disturbance was included in the model, the relationship was no longer significant. IL-6 was not significantly associated with fatigue at one year. Changes in sleep over time were significantly associated with percent change in IL-6 from pre-surgery to one year, adjusting for covariates (p<0.05). These findings support a direct association of IL-6 with sleep disturbances in this population, whereas the relationship between IL-6 and fatigue prior to surgery may be mediated by poor sleep. As this study is the first to examine cytokine contributions to sleep and fatigue in ovarian cancer, further research is warranted to clarify the role of biological correlates of sleep and fatigue in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Schrepf
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Koen DeGeest
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - David Bender
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Amina Ahmed
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael J. Goodheart
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Frank Penedo
- University of Miami and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - David M. Lubaroff
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD, Anderson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Houston TX
| | - Susan K. Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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22
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Herrera CP. Total sleep time in Muslim football players is reduced during Ramadan: a pilot study on the standardized assessment of subjective sleep-wake patterns in athletes. J Sports Sci 2012; 30 Suppl 1:S85-91. [PMID: 22489547 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.676666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ramadan is a period in which Muslims fast during daylight hours and is associated with disturbances in sleep-wake behaviour and adverse effects on physical and mental health in normal volunteers. Studies using athletes are rare and remain equivocal as to whether Ramadan influences sleep-wake patterns. Notably, the standardized assessment of subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in athletes has not been established. This study employed the Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in nine football players aged 20-35 years (mean ± s: 26 ± 4) one week before and during the last week of Ramadan. Compliance rates with self-administration were high (71%) and the results demonstrated a robust decline in total sleep time (before Ramadan: 6.6 ± 2 h; at the end of Ramadan: 5.3 ± 1 h; P < 0.05, effect size 0.81). Compared with previous research, the study questionnaires offer improved methodology, including less time constraints plus standardization in scoring. Thus, this study demonstrates a framework for greater reproducibility and reliability in the assessment of subjective sleep-wake patterns in athletes before and during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Herrera
- Research and Education Centre, Aspetar - Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
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23
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Abstract
In this chapter, we give an overview of the current status of the role of orexins in feeding and energy homeostasis. Orexins, also known as hypocretins, initially were discovered in 1998 as hypothalamic regulators of food intake. A little later, their far more important function as regulators of sleep and arousal came to light. Despite their restricted distribution, orexin neurons have projections throughout the entire brain, with dense projections especially to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the locus coeruleus and tuberomammillary nucleus. Its two receptors are orexin receptor 1 and orexin receptor 2. These receptors show a specific and localized distribution in a number of brain regions, and a variety of different actions has been demonstrated upon their binding. Our group showed that through the autonomic nervous system, the orexin system plays a key role in the control of glucose metabolism, but it has also been shown to stimulate sympathetic outflow, to increase body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and renal sympathetic nerve activity. The well-known effects of orexin on the control of food intake, arousal, and wakefulness appear to be more extensive than originally thought, with additional effects on the autonomic nervous system, that is, to increase body temperature and energy metabolism.
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Bhagwandin A, Gravett N, Hemingway J, Oosthuizen M, Bennett N, Siegel J, Manger P. Orexinergic neuron numbers in three species of African mole rats with rhythmic and arrhythmic chronotypes. Neuroscience 2011; 199:153-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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25
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Wiater MF, Mukherjee S, Li AJ, Dinh TT, Rooney EM, Simasko SM, Ritter S. Circadian integration of sleep-wake and feeding requires NPY receptor-expressing neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R1569-83. [PMID: 21880863 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00168.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and feeding rhythms are highly coordinated across the circadian cycle, but the brain sites responsible for this coordination are unknown. We examined the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor-expressing neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in this process by injecting the targeted toxin, NPY-saporin (NPY-SAP), into the arcuate nucleus (Arc). NPY-SAP-lesioned rats were initially hyperphagic, became obese, exhibited sustained disruption of circadian feeding patterns, and had abnormal circadian distribution of sleep-wake patterns. Total amounts of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS) were not altered by NPY-SAP lesions, but a peak amount of REMS was permanently displaced to the dark period, and circadian variation in NREMS was eliminated. The phase reversal of REMS to the dark period by the lesion suggests that REMS timing is independently linked to the function of MBH NPY receptor-expressing neurons and is not dependent on NREMS pattern, which was altered but not phase reversed by the lesion. Sleep-wake patterns were altered in controls by restricting feeding to the light period, but were not altered in NPY-SAP rats by restricting feeding to either the light or dark period, indicating that disturbed sleep-wake patterns in lesioned rats were not secondary to changes in food intake. Sleep abnormalities persisted even after hyperphagia abated during the static phase of the lesion. Results suggest that the MBH is required for the essential task of integrating sleep-wake and feeding rhythms, a function that allows animals to accommodate changeable patterns of food availability. NPY receptor-expressing neurons are key components of this integrative function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Wiater
- Programs in Neuroscience, Dept. of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
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Furihata R, Uchiyama M, Takahashi S, Konno C, Suzuki M, Osaki K, Kaneita Y, Ohida T. Self-help behaviors for sleep and depression: a Japanese nationwide general population survey. J Affect Disord 2011; 130:75-82. [PMID: 20943273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between self-help behaviors for sleep (SHBS) and depression among the general adult population in Japan. METHODS The survey was conducted in June 2000 using self-administered questionnaires for subjects living in 300 communities randomly selected throughout Japan. A total of 24,686 responses were analyzed from individuals aged 20 years or older. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess the prevalence of depression with two cut-off points: 16 and 25. Details of 6 types of SHBS were asked, based on given examples of actual behavior and frequency. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, sleep problems and other SHBS, multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that "snacking on food and/or beverages" was independently associated with an increased odds ratio for depression, whereas "maintaining lifestyle regularity" was independently associated with a decreased odds ratio for depression. "Drinking alcoholic beverages," "having a bath," and "reading books or listening to music" were associated with an increased odds ratio for depression in crude analyses, but the significance of the association disappeared after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, sleep problems and other SHBS. LIMITATION Complex constructs are being correlated. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that individual SHBS are differentially associated with depression, thus providing important clues for establishing sleep hygiene for treatment and prevention of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Furihata
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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Thomas C, Marcaletti S, Feige JN. Assessment of Spontaneous Locomotor and Running Activity in Mice. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN MOUSE BIOLOGY 2011; 1:185-98. [PMID: 26068992 DOI: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The locomotor activity of laboratory mice is a global behavioral trait which can be valuable for the primary phenotyping of genetically engineered mouse models as well as mouse models of pathologies affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems, the musculoskeletal system, and the control of energy homeostasis. Basal levels of mouse locomotion can be recorded using infrared monitoring of movements, and further information can be gathered by giving the animal access to a running wheel, which will greatly enhance its spontaneous physical activity. Described here are two detailed protocols to evaluate basal locomotor activity and spontaneous wheel running. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 1:185-198. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Thomas
- Center of Phenogenomics (CPG), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Marcaletti
- MusculoSkeletal Diseases, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme N Feige
- MusculoSkeletal Diseases, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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Garaulet M, Sánchez-Moreno C, Smith CE, Lee YC, Nicolás F, Ordovás JM. Ghrelin, sleep reduction and evening preference: relationships to CLOCK 3111 T/C SNP and weight loss. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17435. [PMID: 21386998 PMCID: PMC3046145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK), an essential element of the positive regulatory arm in the human biological clock, is involved in metabolic regulation. The aim was to investigate the behavioral (sleep duration, eating patterns and chronobiological characteristics) and hormonal (plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations) factors which could explain the previously reported association between the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP and weight loss. Methodology/Principal Findings We recruited 1495 overweight/obese subjects (BMI: 25–40 kg/m2) of 20–65 y. who attended outpatient obesity clinics in Murcia, in southeastern Spain. We detected an association between the CLOCK 3111T/C SNP and weight loss, which was particularly evident after 12–14 weeks of treatment (P = 0.038). Specifically, carriers of the minor C allele were more resistant to weight loss than TT individuals (Mean±SEM) (8.71±0.59 kg vs 10.4±0.57 kg) C and TT respectively. In addition, our data show that minor C allele carriers had: 1. shorter sleep duration Mean ± SEM (7.0±0.05 vs 7.3±0.05) C and TT respectively (P = 0.039), 2. higher plasma ghrelin concentrations Mean ± SEM (pg/ml) (1108±49 vs 976±47)(P = 0.034); 3. delayed breakfast time; 4. evening preference and 5. less compliance with a Mediterranean Diet pattern, as compared with TT homozygotes. Conclusions/Significance Sleep reduction, changes in ghrelin values, alterations of eating behaviors and evening preference that characterized CLOCK 3111C carriers could be affecting weight loss. Our results support the hypothesis that the influence of the CLOCK gene may extend to a broad range of variables linked with human behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Alò R, Avolio E, Di Vito A, Carelli A, Facciolo RM, Canonaco M. Distinct α subunit variations of the hypothalamic GABAA receptor triplets (αβγ) are linked to hibernating state in hamsters. BMC Neurosci 2010; 11:111. [PMID: 20815943 PMCID: PMC2944354 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The structural arrangement of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR) is known to be crucial for the maintenance of cerebral-dependent homeostatic mechanisms during the promotion of highly adaptive neurophysiological events of the permissive hibernating rodent, i.e the Syrian golden hamster. In this study, in vitro quantitative autoradiography and in situ hybridization were assessed in major hypothalamic nuclei. Reverse Transcription Reaction-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were performed for specific GABAAR receptor subunit gene primers synthases of non-hibernating (NHIB) and hibernating (HIB) hamsters. Attempts were made to identify the type of αβγ subunit combinations operating during the switching ON/OFF of neuronal activities in some hypothalamic nuclei of hibernators. Results Both autoradiography and molecular analysis supplied distinct expression patterns of all α subunits considered as shown by a strong (p < 0.01) prevalence of α1 ratio (over total α subunits considered in the present study) in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and arcuate nucleus (Arc) of NHIBs with respect to HIBs. At the same time α2 subunit levels proved to be typical of periventricular nucleus (Pe) and Arc of HIB, while strong α4 expression levels were detected during awakening state in the key circadian hypothalamic station, i.e. the suprachiasmatic nucleus (Sch; 60%). Regarding the other two subunits (β and γ), elevated β3 and γ3 mRNAs levels mostly characterized MPOA of HIBs, while prevalently elevated expression concentrations of the same subunits were also typical of Sch, even though this time during the awakening state. In the case of Arc, notably elevated levels were obtained for β3 and γ2 during hibernating conditions. Conclusion We conclude that different αβγ subunits are operating as major elements either at the onset of torpor or during induction of the arousal state in the Syrian golden hamster. The identification of a brain regional distribution pattern of distinct GABAAR subunit combinations may prove to be very useful for highlighting GABAergic mechanisms functioning at least during the different physiological states of hibernators and this may have interesting therapeutic bearings on neurological sleeping disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Alò
- Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Ecology Department, University of Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Short sleep duration is associated with obesity during childhood and adulthood. OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI) from Tanner stages 1 to 5 in a Dutch children cohort. DESIGN In 98 children, anthropometric measurements and leptin concentrations were measured from age 7 to 16 years; body composition, physical activity (Baecke questionnaire), hours television viewing and self-reported sleep duration were measured yearly from age 12 to 16 years. Moreover, the polymorphisms of the FTO gene (rs9939609) and parental BMI's were determined. RESULTS At Tanner stages 1-5 sex differences were observed in height, body weight, waist circumference, fat mass per squared meter height and leptin concentrations per kg fat mass. Inverse relationships were observed between the change in BMI (kg m(-2)) and the change in hours of sleep per night (h) from Tanner stages 1 to 4 (r=-0.68, P<0.001), from Tanner stages 2 to 5 (r=-0.35, P<0.05) and from Tanner stages 1 to 5 (r=-0.33, P<0.05). Univariate analysis of variance showed that with progressive Tanner stages, BMI increases and sleep duration decreases in an interrelated way independent of possible confounders (R(2)=0.38, P<0.02). CONCLUSION Changes in BMI during puberty were inversely related to changes in sleep duration, independent of possible confounders.
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Garaulet M, Ordovás JM, Madrid JA. The chronobiology, etiology and pathophysiology of obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 34:1667-83. [PMID: 20567242 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of CD on human health is an emerging issue. Many records link CD with diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, cognitive impairment and obesity, all of them conducive to premature aging. The amount of sleep has declined by 1.5 h over the past century, accompanied by an important increase in obesity. Shift work, sleep deprivation and exposure to bright light at night increase the prevalence of adiposity. Animal models have shown that mice with Clock gene disruption are prone to developing obesity and MetS. This review summarizes the latest developments with regard to chronobiology and obesity, considering (1) how molecular clocks coordinate metabolism and the specific role of the adipocyte; (2) CD and its causes and pathological consequences; (3) the epidemiological evidence of obesity as a chronobiological illness; and (4) theories of circadian disruption and obesity. Energy intake and expenditure, relevance of sleep, fat intake from a circadian perspective and psychological and genetic aspects of obesity are examined. Finally, ideas about the use of chronobiology in the treatment of obesity are discussed. Such knowledge has the potential to become a valuable tool in the understanding of the relationship between the chronobiology, etiology and pathophysiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garaulet
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Physiology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Broughton SJ, Slack C, Alic N, Metaxakis A, Bass TM, Driege Y, Partridge L. DILP-producing median neurosecretory cells in the Drosophila brain mediate the response of lifespan to nutrition. Aging Cell 2010; 9:336-46. [PMID: 20156206 PMCID: PMC4467032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction extends lifespan in diverse organisms, but the gene regulatory mechanisms and tissues mediating the increased survival are still unclear. Studies in worms and flies have revealed a number of candidate mechanisms, including the target of rapamycin and insulin/IGF-like signalling (IIS) pathways and suggested a specific role for the nervous system in mediating the response. A pair of sensory neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans has been found to specifically mediate DR lifespan extension, but a neuronal focus in the Drosophila nervous system has not yet been identified. We have previously shown that reducing IIS via the partial ablation of median neurosecretory cells in the Drosophila adult brain, which produce three of the seven fly insulin-like peptides, extends lifespan. Here, we show that these cells are required to mediate the response of lifespan to full feeding in a yeast dilution DR regime and that they appear to do so by mechanisms that involve both altered IIS and other endocrine effects. We also present evidence of an interaction between these mNSCs, nutrition and sleep, further emphasising the functional homology between the DILP-producing neurosecretory cells in the Drosophila brain and the hypothalamus of mammals in their roles as integration sites of many inputs for the control of lifespan and behaviour.
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Abstract
The incidence of the metabolic syndrome represents a spectrum of disorders that continue to increase across the industrialized world. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to metabolic syndrome and recent evidence has emerged to suggest that alterations in circadian systems and sleep participate in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight studies at the intersection of clinical medicine and experimental genetics that pinpoint how perturbations of the internal clock system, and sleep, constitute risk factors for disorders including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, thrombosis and even inflammation. An exciting aspect of the field has been the integration of behavioral and physiological approaches, and the emerging insight into both neural and peripheral tissues in disease pathogenesis. Consideration of the cell and molecular links between disorders of circadian rhythms and sleep with metabolic syndrome has begun to open new opportunities for mechanism-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Maury
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Kathryn Moynihan Ramsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Joseph Bass
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2200 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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GABAergic influences on ORX receptor-dependent abnormal motor behaviors and neurodegenerative events in fish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 243:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Garaulet M, Lee YC, Shen J, Parnell LD, Arnett DK, Tsai MY, Lai CQ, Ordovas JM. CLOCK genetic variation and metabolic syndrome risk: modulation by monounsaturated fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:1466-75. [PMID: 19846548 PMCID: PMC2777463 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of the circadian system may be causal for manifestations of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the associations of 5 CLOCK polymorphisms with MetS features by analyzing fatty acid (FA) composition from dietary and red blood cell (RBC) membrane sources. DESIGN Participants (n = 1100) in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study were included. Dietary intake was estimated with a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements and genotypes were determined. Postprandial lipids and the FA composition of RBC membranes were analyzed. RESULTS CLOCK single nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with obesity and individual components of MetS. For single nucleotide polymorphism rs4580704, minor allele carriers had a 46% lower risk of hypertension than did noncarriers. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content of RBC membranes, particularly oleic acid, changed according to CLOCK genetic variants (P < 0.05). We identified significant gene-diet interactions associated with MetS at the CLOCK locus. By dichotomizing MUFA intake, we found different effects across rs4580704 genotypes for glucose (P = 0.020) and insulin resistance (P = 0.026). The protective effect of the minor allele on insulin sensitivity was only present when MUFA intake was >13.2% of energy. We also found different effects across CLOCK 3111T-->C genotypes for saturated fatty acid intake (% of energy) (P = 0.017). The deleterious effect of gene variants on waist circumference was only found with high saturated fatty acid intakes (>11.8%). CONCLUSIONS CLOCK polymorphisms interact with FAs to modulate MetS traits. The dietary source and membrane content of MUFAs are implicated in the relations between alterations in the circadian system and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Genetic variants in human CLOCK associate with total energy intake and cytokine sleep factors in overweight subjects (GOLDN population). Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 18:364-9. [PMID: 19888304 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of total energy intake in circadian system regulation, no study has related human CLOCK gene polymorphisms and food-intake measures. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations of CLOCK single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with food intake and to explore the specific role of the cytokine system. A total of 1100 individual participants in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study were included. Dietary intake was estimated with a validated questionnaire. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-2 soluble receptor-alpha (IL-2sR-alpha) and adiponectin plasma concentrations were measured. Our results showed that four of five CLOCK SNPs selected were significantly associated with total energy intake (P<0.05). For SNP rs3749474, the energy intake and total fat, protein and carbohydrate intakes were significantly higher in minor allele carriers than in non-carriers. Frequency of the minor allele was greater in subjects with high energy intake than in those with low intake. Subjects with the minor allele were 1.33 times more likely to have high energy intake than non-carriers (95% CI 1.09-1.72, P=0.0350). All CLOCK SNPs were associated with plasma cytokine values, in particular with those that were highly correlated with energy intake: MCP1, IL-6 and adiponectin. Interestingly, minor allele carriers with high energy intake showed decreased cytokine values, which could be related with a lower anorectic effect and decreased sleep in these subjects. In conclusion, we show a novel association of genetic variation at CLOCK with total energy intake, which was particularly relevant for SNP rs3749474. Associations could be mediated through the alteration of cytokine levels that may influence energy intake and sleep pattern.
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McAllister EJ, Dhurandhar NV, Keith SW, Aronne LJ, Barger J, Baskin M, Benca RM, Biggio J, Boggiano MM, Eisenmann JC, Elobeid M, Fontaine KR, Gluckman P, Hanlon EC, Katzmarzyk P, Pietrobelli A, Redden DT, Ruden DM, Wang C, Waterland RA, Wright SM, Allison DB. Ten putative contributors to the obesity epidemic. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:868-913. [PMID: 19960394 PMCID: PMC2932668 DOI: 10.1080/10408390903372599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is a global issue and shows no signs of abating, while the cause of this epidemic remains unclear. Marketing practices of energy-dense foods and institutionally-driven declines in physical activity are the alleged perpetrators for the epidemic, despite a lack of solid evidence to demonstrate their causal role. While both may contribute to obesity, we call attention to their unquestioned dominance in program funding and public efforts to reduce obesity, and propose several alternative putative contributors that would benefit from equal consideration and attention. Evidence for microorganisms, epigenetics, increasing maternal age, greater fecundity among people with higher adiposity, assortative mating, sleep debt, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical iatrogenesis, reduction in variability of ambient temperatures, and intrauterine and intergenerational effects as contributing factors to the obesity epidemic are reviewed herein. While the evidence is strong for some contributors such as pharmaceutical-induced weight gain, it is still emerging for other reviewed factors. Considering the role of such putative etiological factors of obesity may lead to comprehensive, cause specific, and effective strategies for prevention and treatment of this global epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J McAllister
- Department of Infections and Obesity, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Uebele VN, Gotter AL, Nuss CE, Kraus RL, Doran SM, Garson SL, Reiss DR, Li Y, Barrow JC, Reger TS, Yang ZQ, Ballard JE, Tang C, Metzger JM, Wang SP, Koblan KS, Renger JJ. Antagonism of T-type calcium channels inhibits high-fat diet-induced weight gain in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1659-67. [PMID: 19451696 DOI: 10.1172/jci36954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemics of obesity and metabolic disorders have well-recognized health and economic burdens. Pharmacologic treatments for these diseases remain unsatisfactory with respect to both efficacy and side-effect profiles. Here, we have identified a potential central role for T-type calcium channels in regulating body weight maintenance and sleep. Previously, it was shown that mice lacking CaV3.1 T-type calcium channels have altered sleep/wake activity. We found that these mice were also resistant to high-fat diet-induced weight gain, without changes in food intake or sensitivity to high-fat diet-induced disruptions of diurnal rhythm. Administration of a potent and selective antagonist of T-type calcium channels, TTA-A2, to normal-weight animals prior to the inactive phase acutely increased sleep, decreased body core temperature, and prevented high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Administration of TTA-A2 to obese rodents reduced body weight and fat mass while concurrently increasing lean muscle mass. These effects likely result from better alignment of diurnal feeding patterns with daily changes in circadian physiology and potentially an increased metabolic rate during the active phase. Together, these studies reveal what we believe to be a previously unknown role for T-type calcium channels in the regulation of sleep and weight maintenance and suggest the potential for a novel therapeutic approach to treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Uebele
- Department of Sleep Research, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486-0004, USA.
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Rector DM, Schei JL, Van Dongen HPA, Belenky G, Krueger JM. Physiological markers of local sleep. Eur J Neurosci 2009; 29:1771-8. [PMID: 19473232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that brain regions that have been disproportionately used during waking will require a greater intensity and/or duration of subsequent sleep. For example, rats use their whiskers in the dark and their eyes during the light, and this is manifested as a greater magnitude of electroencephalogram (EEG) slow-wave activity in the somatosensory and visual cortex during sleep in the corresponding light and dark periods respectively. The parsimonious interpretation of such findings is that sleep is distributed across local brain regions and is use-dependent. The fundamental properties of sleep can also be experimentally defined locally at the level of small neural assemblies such as cortical columns. In this view, sleep is orchestrated, but not fundamentally driven, by central mechanisms. We explore two physiological markers of local, use-dependent sleep, namely, an electrical marker apparent as a change in the size and shape of an electrical evoked response, and a metabolic marker evident as an evoked change in blood volume and oxygenation delivered to activated tissue. Both markers, applied to cortical columns, provide a means to investigate physiological mechanisms for the distributed homeostatic regulation of sleep, and may yield new insights into the consequences of sleep loss and sleep pathologies on waking brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Rector
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
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REM sleep, energy balance and ‘optimal foraging’. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 33:466-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Metabolic state, neurohormones, and vagal stimulation, not increased serotonin, orchestrate postprandial drowsiness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bihy.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Valicenti-McDermott MD, McVicar K, Cohen HJ, Wershil BK, Shinnar S. Gastrointestinal symptoms in children with an autism spectrum disorder and language regression. Pediatr Neurol 2008; 39:392-8. [PMID: 19027584 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have compared gastrointestinal problems in children with an autism spectrum disorder with and without a history of language regression. A cross-sectional study was conducted with structured interviews in 100 children with autism spectrum disorder, using a gastrointestinal questionnaire and a familial autoimmune questionnaire. By parental report, children with language regression more frequently exhibited an abnormal stool pattern (40% vs 12%, P = 0.006) and had an increased family history of celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease (24% vs 0%, P = 0.001) and of rheumatoid arthritis (30% vs 11%, P = 0.03). Among 35 children with a family history of autoimmune disease, an abnormal stool pattern was reported more frequently in those with language regression (78% vs 15%, P = 0.001) than in those without. An association was observed between children with language regression, a family history of autoimmune disease, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Additional studies are needed to examine a possible shared autoimmune process.
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Abstract
Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by complex, redundant, and distributed neural systems that reflect the fundamental biological importance of adequate nutrient supply and energy balance. Much progress has been made in identifying the various hormonal and neural mechanisms by which the brain informs itself about availability of ingested and stored nutrients and, in turn, generates behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine output. While hypothalamus and caudal brainstem play crucial roles in this homeostatic function, areas in the cortex and limbic system are important for processing information regarding prior experience with food, reward, and emotion, as well as social and environmental context. Most vertebrates can store a considerable amount of energy as fat for later use, and this ability has now become one of the major health risks for many human populations. The predisposition to develop obesity can theoretically result from any pathological malfunction or lack of adaptation to changing environments of this highly complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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Tsuneki H, Murata S, Anzawa Y, Soeda Y, Tokai E, Wada T, Kimura I, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T, Sasaoka T. Age-related insulin resistance in hypothalamus and peripheral tissues of orexin knockout mice. Diabetologia 2008; 51:657-67. [PMID: 18256806 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-0929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Orexin/hypocretin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that regulates motivated behaviours, such as feeding and arousal, and, importantly, is also involved in energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to reveal the role of orexin in the regulation of insulin sensitivity for glucose metabolism. METHODS Orexin knockout mice fasted overnight underwent oral glucose tolerance testing and insulin tolerance testing. The impact of orexin deficiency on insulin signalling was studied by Western blotting to measure levels of Akt phosphorylation and its upstream and downstream molecules in the hypothalamus, muscle and liver in orexin knockout mice. RESULTS We found that orexin deficiency caused the age-related development of impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in both male mice without obesity and female mice with mild obesity, fed a normal chow diet. When maintained on a high-fat diet, these abnormalities became more pronounced exclusively in female orexin knockout mice that developed severe obesity. Insulin signalling through Akt was disrupted in peripheral tissues of middle-aged (9-month-old) but not young adult (2-to-3-month-old) orexin knockout mice fed a normal chow diet. Moreover, basal levels of hypothalamic Akt phosphorylation were abnormally elevated in orexin knockout mice at every age studied, and insulin stimulation failed to increase the level of phosphorylation. Similar abnormalities were observed with respect to GSK3beta phosphorylation in the hypothalamus and peripheral tissues of middle-aged orexin knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate a novel role for orexin in hypothalamic insulin signalling, which is likely to be responsible for preventing the development of peripheral insulin resistance with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Therapeutic advances remain modest for patients with malignant brain tumours, due in part to inadequate ability of in-vitro models to mimic the consequences of tumour progression in vivo, which include profound immunosuppression, cytokine dysregulation and microvascular proliferation. This review summarizes recent findings on the wasting consequences of glioma growth, including changes in hepatic metabolism caused by the tumour. RECENT FINDINGS Release of proinflammatory cytokines by gliomas leads to anorexia, a sensation of tiredness and fatigue associated with sleep deprivation. The cachexia and associated decrease in relative liver mass that are observed in rats with the most aggressive gliomas may be accounted for by increased activity of the Cori cycle, with the intermediary metabolism of the glioma-influenced liver being directed toward energy utilization rather than energy storage. In these conditions, liver mitochondria exhibit abnormal biogenesis, together with modifications to water dynamics and ion content. SUMMARY Improved patient care will result from better understanding of the interactions between brain tumour cells and the immune system, and use of nutritional metabolic therapy to protect tumour-influenced hepatocytes and their mitochondria may improve outcomes.
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Reilly JJ, Ness AR, Sherriff A. Epidemiological and physiological approaches to understanding the etiology of pediatric obesity: finding the needle in the haystack. Pediatr Res 2007; 61:646-52. [PMID: 17426642 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3180536667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent increases in the prevalence of childhood obesity have created an urgent need for preventive strategies, but such strategies in turn depend on an improved understanding of the etiology of pediatric obesity. There is a dearth of evidence of the cause of pediatric obesity at present, with much of the literature of limited quality, inconclusive, and contradictory. The present review highlights the paradox of energy imbalance-its apparent simplicity but actual complexity-and the difficulties in etiologic research that arise from this complexity. The review identifies a number of emerging problems for etiologic studies. The review also makes a number of proposals that might improve future etiologic studies and provides a framework for integrating the diverse body of evidence of etiology that will become available in future. Gathering improved evidence of etiology, and then integrating and interpreting it, will take many years. In the meantime, an emphasis on developing more effective preventive interventions is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Reilly
- Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill Hospitals, Glasgow, Scotland, G3 8SJ, United Kingdom.
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